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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maturation of Purkinje cells in mouse cerebellum after neonatal administrations of cytosine arabinoside (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 44 (1978), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytosine arabinoside ; Cerebellum ; External granular layer ; Purkinje cells ; Synaptogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ICR-JCL strain mice were injected subcutaneously with 30 mg/kg body weight of cytosine arabinoside at 2, 3, and 4 days of age. This chemical prevented the production of the basket cells, stellate cells, and granule cells in the external granular layer of the cerebellum. Decrease in number of these microneurons affected the normal synaptic connections between the Purkinje cells and the microneurons, thus causing the disarrangement and abnormal arborization of the Purkinje cells. Of the three types of microneurons, the basket and a few stellate cells played a more important role in the disarrangement of the Purkinje cells and abnormal arborization of their primary dendrites than the granule cells did. Abnormal outgrowing directions of other smooth dendrites of the Purkinje cells were caused mainly by the diminution of stellate cells. Although parallel fibers were grossly decreased in number in the treated cerebellums, spines of the spiny dendrites of the Purkinje cells sprouted considerably in the 15-day-old mice, and then their morphological features remained even after 100 days of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691637
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic changes in Purkinje cell dentritic spine of mouse cerebellum after neonatal administration of cytosine arabinoside (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Synapse ; Dentritic spine ; Purkinje cell ; Neuronal compensation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to elucidate morphological changes in the synaptic area of the Purkinje cell dendritic spines when granule cells were decreased in number. The mice were injected s. c. with 30 mg/kg b. w. of cytosine arabinoside on days 2, 3, and 4, and on days 7, 8 and 9, and were designated as group I and group II, respectively. The mice injected with saline on days 2, 3, and 4 served as control. The cerebella of the mice in each group were examined by electron microscopy on days 30, 60, and 90. Using photographs thus obtained, the synaptic length and area of Purkinje cell dendritic spines which participated in synapses with axons of granule cells were measured by computer. In the controls, these spines did not increase significantly either in synaptic length or in spine area in the duration from 30 to 90 days after birth. In the 90-day-old mice belonging to group I and group II, however, they increased by about 20% in the synaptic length and by about 35% in the spine area as compared to those in age-matched control. The elongation and enlargement show that the synaptic surface on the spine spreads to compensate for synapses lost by reduction in number of granule cells in experimental groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685343
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Golgi study on macular mutant mouse after copper therapy (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 606-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Macular mouse ; Menkes kinky hair disease ; Copper therapy ; Golgi study ; Purkinje cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to elucidate the clinical and neuropathological effects of copper administration on the macular mutant mouse. Its hemizygote, which is considered to be a model of Menkes kinky hair disease (MKHD), was injected intraperitoneally four times with 10, 20, 20 and 30 μg of cupric chloride on days 4, 6, 8 and 10, respectively. The hemizygote's curly whiskers gradually straightened and the frequent tonic seizures and ataxia disappeared after the injections. The body weight also gradually increased. In the cerebral cortex, the dendritic arborization of the pyramidal neurons in both the normal littermate and the treated hemizygote developed with time and reached the maximum around day 60. In the treated hemizygote, however, the arborization of the dendrites was significantly poor in comparison with that in the normal littermate from day 20 to 90. In the cerebellum of the treated hemizygote, the abnormal Purkinje cells with the few somal sprouts, thick stem dendrite and/or poor arborization, which were seen in the non-treated hemizygote, were improved by day 30, while their focal dendritic swellings remained even on day 60. These results indicate that the copper therapy improves not only the clinical manifestations but also the neuropathological changes, especially in the cerebellum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689600
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study on nervous system of fetus with GM1-gangliosidosis type 1 (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Fetus ; Nervous system ; GM1-gangliosidosis type 1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nervous system of a 22-week-old fetus with GM1-gangliosidosis type 1 was studied by electron microscopy. The tissues thus examined were the cerebral cortex at the parietal region, the cerebellum, the thoracic spinal cord, the Auerbach's myenteric plexus in the large intestine and the radial nerve fibers. In the cerebral cortex, membrane-bound vacuoles, which occasionally contained stacks of fine fibrils, were observed in the large young neurons in the deeper part of the cortical plate. The neurons in the other part of the cerebral cortex carried no storage materials. In the cerebellum, the membrane-bound vacuoles with stacks of fine fibrils were seen only in the Purkinje cells. The neurons in the spinal cord also contained several zebra-like bodies and the above membrane-bound vacuoles. As for the peripheral nervous system (PNS), neurons in the Auerbach's myenteric plexus carried membranous cytoplasmic bodies and zebra-like bodies. Some of the axons in the radial nerve fibers also contained a lot of pleomorphic electron-dense bodies and a few membranous cytoplasmic ones. These results show that the accumulation of storage materials is started in the large neurons which are produced in the early stage of neurogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, the observed membrane-bound vacuoles are considered to be structures which occur before the membranous cytoplasmic bodies and/or the zebra-like bodies. It is also elucidated that the PNS is affected earlier than the cerebral and cerebellar cortices and thoracic spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688381
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxydative enzymes in maturing hippocampus and cerebellum of hamsters (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 181-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto La deidrogenasi dell'acido succinico (SDH) e la diaforasi diposforpiridin-nucleotide (DPN-D) hanno dimonstrato attività intensa nei glomeruli delo strato granulare cerebellare, nella parte più profonda dello strato molecolare e nelle lamine lacunosa e molecolare dell'ippocampo. Tutte queste zone sono caratterizzate da numerose connessioni sinaptiche. L'attività degei enzimi ossidanti in queste zone aumenta rapidamente con la crescita degli animali.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01895568
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen-radical-mediated toxic effects of the red tide flagellate Chattonella marina on Vibrio alginolyticus (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 112 (1992), S. 505-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Toxic mechanisms of the red tide flagellate, Chattonella marina, collected in 1985 from Kagoshima Bay, Japan, were studied at the subcellular level. C. marina was found to reduce ferricytochrome c at a rate related to the concentration of plankton cells. Ca. 50% of the cytochrome c reduction was inhibited by the addition of 100 U superoxide dismutase ml-1. These results suggest that a part of the cytochrome c reduction was caused by a superoxide anion which was extracellulary released from C. marina. Moreover, a small amount of hydrogen peroxide was detected in the C. marina suspension using the fluorescence spectrophotometric assay method. The identity of the hydrogen peroxide was confirmed by its reaction with 500 U catalase ml-1. It is thus proposed that C. marina produces harmful active oxygen radicals and therefore exhibits a toxic effect on surrounding living organisms. In agreement with these results, C. marina strongly inhibited the proliferation of marine bacteria, Vibrio alginolyticus, in a plankton/bacteria co-culture system. The growth inhibition of bacteria caused by C. marina was related to the density and the metabolic potential of C. marina. Ruptured plankton showed no toxic effect on the bacteria. Furthermore, the toxic effect of C. marina on V. alginolyticus was completely suppressed by the addition of catalase and superoxide dismutase. In addition to these radical-scavenging enzymes, a chemical scavenger, sodium benzoate, also had a protective effect. These results suggest that oxygen radicals are important in the toxic action of C. marina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356297
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural alterations on chloride cells of the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, following exposure to the red tide species Chattonella antiqua (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 88 (1985), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the influence of the red tide species Chattonella antiqua was examined with respect to the surface ultrastructures of chloride cells of the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Conspicuous ultrastructural alterations occurred on the apical surface of these cells. The majority of chloride cells in the control gills showed an apical surface with numerous cellular extensions, while more than half the chloride cells affected by red tide organisms exhibited an apical surface with fewer and smaller extensions, a wrinkled apical surface, or a protruded apical surface. These ultrastructural alterations of chloride cell surface may be due to the partial disturbance of salinity by C. antiqua, and reflect the changes of the ion-transport function in yellowtail gills exposed to red tide water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393048
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case of anorexia nervosa with hyperbilirubinaemia in a patient homozygous for a mutation in the bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 547-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Gilbert syndrome ; Bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene ; UGT1A1 ; Homozygous missense mutation ; Anorexia nervosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gilbert syndrome was diagnosed in a girl with anorexia nervosa and unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. Since the patient was starved and hyperbilirubinaemic, the loading test was not used for the diagnosis but analysis of the bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene (UGT1A1) instead. The patient was homozygous for a missense mutation that replaced guanine with adenine at nucleotide number 211 (211G→A: G71R). The unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia was apparently induced by the fasting state. Homozygous missense mutations of the gene have been generally recognized as responsible for Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II; the results obtained here, however, confirm that Gilbert syndrome may also be caused by a homozygous missense mutation of UGT1A1. Conclusion Since anorexia nervosa patients are in a fasting state, they may show moderate unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia if they have Gilbert syndrome. Gene analysis of such cases will rule out hepatic damage. Homozygous missense mutations of the bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene cause not only Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II but also Gilbert syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051143
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local Structures of Si〈sub〉2〈/sub〉(O,N)〈sub〉7〈/sub〉 Ditetrahedra in J-Phase (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 554 (Aug. 2007), p. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Oxygen/nitrogen (O/N) configuration in RE-J-phase, RE4Si2O7N2 (RE = rare earthelement), was simulated by the Monte Carlo method applied to O/N distribution models. Proportionof local structures of Si2(O,N)7 ditetrahedra and Si(O,N)4 tetrahedra in the J-phase was quantitativelyassessed. For the Lu-J-phase model with the bridging site between two Si atoms being occupied bynitrogen atom, the Si2(O,N)7 ditetrahedra composed of O3≡Si–N–Si≡O2N (〉 40 %), O3≡Si–N–Si≡O3(c.a. 30 %), and O2N≡Si–N–Si≡O2N(c.a. 15 %). Tetrahedra of SiO3N and SiO2N2 were dominant andsmall amount of SiON3 tetrahedra coexisted. For La-J-phase model with the O/N occupancy of0.1/0.9 at the bridging site, configurations of O3≡Si–O–Si≡O2N (c.a. 5%), O3≡Si–O–Si≡O3 (c.a. 3%),and O2N≡Si–O–Si≡O2N (c.a. 2%) were demonstrated in addition to the three configurations ofditretrahedra recognized in the Lu-J-phase. In La-J-phase coexistence of SiO4 tetrahedra waspresented
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/16/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.554.43.pdf
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of soft x-ray average recombination coefficient and average charge for metallic impurities in beam-heated plasmas (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2148-2150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The soft x-ray continuum radiation in tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) low-density neutral-beam discharges can be much lower than its theoretical value obtained by assuming a corona equilibrium. This reduced continuum radiation is caused by an ionization equilibrium shift toward lower states, which strongly changes the value of the average recombination coefficient of metallic impurities γ¯, even for only slight changes in the average charge Z¯. The primary agent for this shift is the charge exchange between the highly ionized impurity ions and the neutral hydrogen, rather than impurity transport, because the central density of the neutral hydrogen is strongly enhanced at lower plasma densities with intense beam injection. In the extreme case of low-density, high neutral-beam power TFTR operation (energetic ion mode) the reduction in γ¯ can be as much as one-half to two-thirds. We calculate the parametric dependence of γ¯ and Z¯ for Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni impurities on neutral density (equivalent to beam power), electron temperature, and electron density. These values are obtained by using either a one-dimensional impurity transport code or a zero-dimensional code with a finite particle confinement time. As an example, we show the variation of γ¯ and Z¯ in different TFTR discharges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138712
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