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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 227 (1980), S. 654-654 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 193-198 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Linear acceleration ; Inter-aural axis ; Visual ; vestibular interaction ; Dynamic visual acuity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated visual-vestibular interactions during linear acceleration along the inter-aural axis. Eighteen healthy volunteers and two patients with central neurological diseases were subjected to transaural linear acceleration in the direction of gravity force (frequency: 0.5–1.5 Hz; amplitude: 5 cm). During linear acceleration, eye movements were recorded under three test conditions: eyes closed (EC), while staring at an imaginary target (IT) and during the testing of dynamic visual acuity (DVA). As parameters of evaluation we used the amplitude of horizontal eye movements, phase shift and the decrease of DVA threshold (DVAT). Under all test conditions, eye amplitude increased with rising stimulus frequency and exceeded, especially in the higher frequency range, a hypothetically calculated eye amplitude for smooth pursuit. The combination of a visual and vestibular input (DVA and IT) led to a better compensation (lower phase shift) than under vestibular stimulation alone (EC). Eye movements during low-frequency stimulation depended more on the visual system while responses in the higher frequency range were mainly triggered by the otolith organ. At 1.5 Hz the compensatory function of the visual-vestibular system was limited (rising phase shift) and DVAT decreased even in a significant number of healthy subjects. Patients with diseases of the central nervous system showed a higher phase shift and thus a stronger decrease of DVAT (two levels) already at a stimulus frequency of 1.25 Hz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 473-479 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Imaginary target ; Visual vestibular ¶interactions ; Caloric testing ; Pointing error
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It is well known that fixation of an imaginary target (IT) can influence the vestibulo-ocular reflex, but reports on the effect of peripheral vestibular stimulation on the localization of an IT are still lacking. In a prospective study, errors in pointing towards an IT without and after cold caloric vestibular stimulation (VS) were investigated in 24 right-handed volunteers with the head tilted backwards by 60°. After the stationary target had been extinguished for 120 s each subject had to point towards the target position as remembered in darkness. The vestibular response was recorded by electronystagmography. Without VS 73% of the volunteers showed a systematic horizontal pointing error towards the right side. VS led to an increased horizontal pointing error in the direction of the slow phase of the induced nystagmus and the degree of deviation showed a significant (P = 0.001) positive correlation (r = 0.32) with the amplitude of the calorically induced nystagmus. In summary, an IT is not merely a useful visual stimulus for influencing the vestibulo-ocular reflex during linear and angular acceleration. A peripheral vestibular stimulation is itself able to change the position of an IT significantly and the extent of deviation shows a significant correlation with the amplitude of the evoked nystagmus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    HNO 47 (1999), S. 294-295 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Direkte Lautheitsskalierung ; Hörfeldskalierung ; Lautheitswahrnehmung ; Recruitment ; Akustikusneurinom ; Key words Category loudness scaling ; Hearing field audiometry ; Sound perception ; Recruitment ; Acoustic neuroma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Category loudness scaling was used to investigate the loudness perception of 31 patients with a cochlear hearing loss (Group 1) by comparing the results with those found in 15 patients with retro-cochlear hearing loss caused by an acoustic neuroma (Group 2). Narrow-band noise signals at four different frequencies (0.5 to 4.0 kHz) were used. In the cochlear hearing-impaired subjects the slopes of the level-loudness functions tended to increase with increasing hearing loss, indicating positive recruitment, whereas the much shallower slopes associated with retro-cochlear lesions were presumed to reflect negative recruitment. The graphic representation of the iso-loudness functions revealed a different dynamic range between Group 1 and 2 with the ability to discriminate small differences of stimulus levels reduced in the presence of an acoustic neuroma. Category loudness scaling has been shown to be a valuable tool describing the individual perception of sound in a qualitative and quantitative manner. Furthermore, the method can be employed as an indicator of recruitment without any restrictive preconditions. For this reason the categorial loudness scaling can be a desirable method for supplementing the audiological diagnosis of a retro-cochlear hearing impairment through the frequency-specific description of a usable hearing-field and its dynamic range.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Hörfeld- bzw. Hörflächenskalierung erlaubt es, die subjektive Empfindungsgröße „Lautheit” individuell, frequenzspezifisch und quantitativ zu erfassen. Ziel der Arbeit ist, den aktuellen Wissensstand zur Lautheitswahrnehmung bei retrokochleären Läsionen zu ergänzen. Mit Hilfe des Testmaterials der Würzburger-Hörfeldaudiometrie zur kategorialen Lautheitsskalierung wurde die Lautheitsempfindung dreier Probandengruppen miteinander verglichen: 1. kochleäre Hörstörung, 2. intrameatal lokalisiertes Akustikusneurinom, 3. tonaudiometrische Hörschwelle besser als 10 dB. Die Hörfeldskalierung erfolgte jeweils monaural über Kopfhörer für Rauschimpulse der Mittenfrequenzen 500, 1000, 2000 und 4000 Hz im Pegelbereich zwischen 20 und 90 dB HL. Da die Lautheitsurteile primär vom Hörverlust in der Prüffrequenz, jedoch weniger von der Hörminderung in den Nachbarfrequenzen bestimmt sind, wurde die Klassifikation der Skalierungsergebnisse entsprechend dem Hörverlust in der Testfrequenz vorgenommen. Mit zunehmendem kochleären Hörverlust zeigten die gemittelten Pegellautheitsfunktionen in der graphischen Darstellung einen deutlich steileren Verlauf als bei Probanden mit tonaudiometrisch sehr geringem Hörverlust. Dieses Ergebnis kann im Sinne eines Recruitments gewertet werden. Im Vergleich dazu zeigte der Graph der hörverlustbezogenen Pegellautheitsfunktionen bei Akustikusneurinom einen deutlich flacheren Verlauf. In den Isolautheitskurven wurde zudem ein unterschiedlicher Dynamikbereich deutlich: bei bestehender retrokochleärer Läsion war die Diskriminationsfähigkeit kleiner Pegelunterschiede eines Stimulus herabgesetzt. Der klinische Nutzen der Hörfeldskalierung liegt in der Möglichkeit, das Ausmaß eines Lautheitsausgleichs unmittelbar zu erfassen. Bei nachgewiesener retrokochleärer Hörstörung eröffnet sie Möglichkeiten einer differenzierten Beschreibung des überschwelligen Gehörs mit entsprechender frequenzspezifischer Beurteilung der Restdynamik und ergänzt damit das Testrepertoire zur Beurteilung der Hörfähigkeit bei retrokochleären Läsionen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematische Annalen 126 (1953), S. 31-43 
    ISSN: 1432-1807
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 241 (1987), S. S69 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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