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  • Electronic Resource  (3,669)
  • 1965-1969  (3,474)
  • 1890-1899  (195)
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  • Chemical Engineering  (1,448)
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  • Electronic Resource  (3,669)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 22-26 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Molten polymer was pumped through an isothermal-wall heat exchanger and the temperature at four radial positions was measured with a hypodermic thermocouple. Temperature profiles were obtained for heating, cooling, and isothermal flow of polyethylene, polystyrene and polypropylene at Graetz numbers from 1.7 to 9.2. The results show large viscous heating effects, particularly for cooling.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 141-151 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An analog computer-polymerizer system is described which polts continually the rate of polymerization in percent per hour and the total percent conversion. Computer components and their functions are briefly described and the polymerization vessel with its control instruments are shown. Methods of calibration and accuracy of the system are discussed.Polymerization rate curves for various initiators at various temperatures are presented. These curves show the typical autoacceleration of precipitating systems and the rate increase due to the gel effect. Experimental evidence is presented to explain the pressure drop seen in these curves at 70-75% conversion.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 164-171 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution on the melt rheological behavior of two polystrenes of approximately the same weight average molecular weight, but of widely different molecular weight distribution, was determined. Then, using a series of capillaries with different length-to-diameter ratios in an Instron Capillary Rheometer, the entrance correction methods of E. B. Bagley and the relationships of W. Philippoff and F. H. Gaskins, the recoverable shear strain (SR) in the melt at the capillary wall for these mono- and polydisperse polystyrenes was determined. Shear modulus (G) and normal stress (PN) were calculated using the relationships: G = τRC/SR and PN = 2τRC SR, where τRC is the corrected shear stress at the capillary wall. These are compared to values obtained using a Weissenberg Rheogonimeter. These two polystyrenes were also injection molded into an ASTM specimen mold over a wide range of stock temperature, using a 12 OZ. in-line reciprocating screw injection press, and evaluated for mechanical property values. The effects of the elasticity parameters (SR G & PN) and their magnitude on the rheology, processability and mechanical properties of these polystyrenes are discussed.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The viscosity of low-density crosslinked polyethylene was studied as a function of gel content and shear rate (3.75-33 sec-1). A simple model relating viscosity with gel content is suggested. It is shown that sol viscosity decreases with cross-linking propagation. The rheological parameters of the sol fraction are changed as a result, and it is natural that this effect should be utilized for flow calculations. Experimental data indicate a high degree of interaction between the sol molecules and the gel, and an experimental technique is presented for measuring it.The rheological parameters of crosslinked polyethylene are closely dependent on the gel content, viscosity and pseudoplasticity increasing with the latter.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 182-189 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: As discussed in this paper, melt treatment prior to crystallization, apparently proceeds by the following stages: partial melting; an insensitive region; and at higher temperatures, deactivation of nucleation sites. The deactivation-region onset temperature is quite dependent on the subsequent crystallization conditions and may not be observed in some polymers during crystallization from the melt. In addition, those polymers capable of being quenched directly from the melt to a non-crystalline glassy state and subsequently crystallized by reheating to above the glass transition, do not exhibit any more than a partial melting type melt treatment effect. The deactivation regime absence is a result of the homogeneous nucleation that occurs during crystallization from the quenched glassy state at temperatures slightly above the glass transition.Use of a metal- or glass-constraining medium does mask (at least partially) the effect of melt history upon crystallization from the melt. In addition to the masking effect of a constraining medium, some of the controversy in the literature pertaining to the existence of a melt treatment phenomenon may arise due to degredation of some polymers prior to the onset of the deactivation regime. The crystallization conditions employed are also quite influential on the possible effect melt treatment can have since the melt history phenomenon is noted by its effect on subsequent crystallization.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 365-369 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The flexural fatigue characteristics of boron fiber reinforced epoxy were shown to be strongly dependent on the aspect ratio of the reinforcing fibers. These composites were evaluated in a stiffness limited, constant maximum stress mode. The failure mechanism was found to be a combination of interfacial failure and brittle rupture of the matrix at 45 deg to the axis of the fibers. These fatigue cracks result in debonding of the outer fibers, thereby reducing the effective moment of inertia of the specimen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 388-392 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The stress concentration and effective flexure stiffness of an ASTM V-notch Izod specimen is excessive for most cases of plastics use. A more typical stiffness is that of a thin plate in two dimensional bending. Such can be approached with a larger radius and deeper V-notch. Instead of a V-notch, however, a double edge notch with the same radius and thickness at the root is recommended. The special advantage of the double edge notch is that the notch at the back edge reduces the energy loss due to the clamp.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 428-433 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Silane coupling agents containing organo-functional and alkoxy groups are applied to glass fiber reinforcements from an acid solution commercially. It is found that finely divided soda glass suspended in a methanol-water solution of various silanes promotes hydrolysis without the presence of an acid catalyst. When acid is present in addition to the glass, as in commercial application baths, rate of hydrolysis is lower than with either acid or glass alone. There is evidence that basic glass components catalyze hydrolysis. Further work under commercial application conditions is indicated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 383-387 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The extraordinary physical properties exhibited by block polymers have been ascribed to the presence of a multiphase microstructure in which the higher modulus phase acts as a quasi-crosslink or filler particle. Recently, the optical examination of these materials combined with mechanical testing has given investigatiors new insight into this complex morphology. In this investigation, simultaneous stress, strain, and birefringence data have been collected on a block polyester urethane elastomer. Stress-softening is observed in cyclic stress-strain experiments, giving rise to significant hysteresis in the stressstrain and birefringence-stress curves. In these tests, prestrain causes a large increase in the stress-optical coefficient, but has little effect on the strain-optical coeffcient. As the temperature is increased, the strain-optical coefficent decreases while the stress-optical coefficient increases with the latter exhibiting a larger temperature dependence than predicted by the kinetic theory of rubber elasticity. The good agreement between the mechanical-optical response of polyester urethanes and that of other block polymer systems provides further evidence of their morphological similarity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 415-422 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A machine to measure the creep deformation of plastics under uniaxial compressive loads is described. The problems associated with accurate creep testing in compression, primarily the application of a uniform stress to the specimen and the measurement of the resultant strain, receive particular attention. For the specimen geometries used, the effect on the measured strain of frictional restraints at the specimen ends is negligible provided the strain measurement is made with an extensometer attached to the specimen.The effect of fabrication techniques on the deformation behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been examined. Sintering time and temperature are found to be the most significant variables in the processing of PTFE. A comparison of uniaxial tensile and compressive creep data has shown that the non-linear viscoelastic behavior of the material extends into the low strain region.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 452-460 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A useful concept in polymer science is the degree of crystallinity - the fraction of the polymer that exists in a relatively ordered state. Methods of determination of the degree of crystallinity using density, infrared, thermal, N.M.R. and X -ray measurements are examined in light of modern notions of the structure of semi -crystalline polymers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 11-21 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A fundamental mathematical model of the plasticating extruder was assembled by combining a previously reported melting model with an improved melt pumping model. The validity of the model was tested with numerous experiments on 2 1/2 in. and 8 in. diameter extruders. The experiments were performed with low and high density polyethylene, plasticized polyvinyl chloride, rigid polyvinyl chloride powder, polypropylene, ABS and nylon 66. The mathematical model proved to be excellent in predicting pressure and plastic temperature profiles in the extruder channel, temperature fluctuation, solids content, and power consumption.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
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  • 115
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new photoredox catalyst is described wherein a phenothiazine dye in its excited state oxidizes a catalyst to a free radical. This free radical efficiently initiates the polymerization of metal acrylates giving rise to polymers which are insoluble in the monomer-containing medium. The polymers precipitate as insoluble colloidal particles. Optical transmission measurements are used to follow the polymerization and to calculate the number and size of the polymer particles. The effect of various factors such as the nature of the catalyst and the photooxidant, the pH and the temperature of the medium on photopolymerization are described. It is indicated that this new system may be useful for rapid photographic imaging and display applications.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 56-72 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper is the third in a series describing work done under Air Force sponsorship to develop high temperature polyimide laminates for radomes and other parts for supersonic aircraft.Twelve resin compositions are described and evaluated. Most were prepared from benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and one or more aromatic diamines. Modifying linkages such as amide, ether, benzimidazole, and oxadiazole were present in some cases.A variety of precure and pressing conditions were studied, best results being obtained with a fully cured prepreg pressed at about 700°F and 200-1000 psi. Most of the laminates were made with E glass cloth, but some work was done also with S glass, Refrasil, and carbon cloth.Initial flexural strengths on E glass of 35-60,000 psi at room temperature, and 20-40,000 psi at 600°F were observed for the better resins. On S glass, slightly higher strengths were observed together with values of about 10,000 psi at 700-1000°F. Aging data on E glass laminates show retention of at least 10,000 psi flexural strength at temperature for about 250 hrs. at 650°F, 1000 hrs. at 600°F, 5000 hrs. at 527°F, and 30,000 hrs. at 482°F.Dielectric constant and dissipation factor at 10 Gc were found to be nearly constant at 3.5-4.4 and 0.005-0.01, respectively, for temperatures up to 662°F and for aging up to 1000 hrs. at 600°F. At frequencies of 60 c and 1 Kc, an increase of dissipation factor with temperature was found and was used as a measure of Tg.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 105-114 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Biaxial creep tests have been performed on thin-walled tubes of polymethyl methacrylate at 116°F and 50% R.H. The tubes were loaded radially up to a specified stress state, which was then maintained for a finite time. Additional tests involved a constant stress state for a period Δt1, after which the specimen was rapidly subjected to a second stress state which was maintained for a period Δt2. The experimental apparatus and procedure are described. The results for the range of stress, temperature, and time investigated show: 1) the creep behavior can be described by the form ∊ = ∊0 + mtn, where ∊ is the strain, ∊0 is the time-independent portion of the strain, and m and n are constants; 2) n appears to be independent of stress state in the fourth quadrant (-σz axial stress, +σθ tangential stress), and m is a linear function (log-log) of effective stress. In the first quadrant (+σz +σθ), the values of m and n are dependent on stress state, the constant m being also dependent on effective stress. Since two measurements are made for tangential strain ∊0, a description of the deformation can be obtained. Some results of pre-strain history and fracture are also presented.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 118
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Epoxy-Versamid specimens were loaded in tension up to failure at different constant strain-rates and temperatures. Results revealed three modes of behavior prevailing at different temperature-strain-rate regions and associated with brittle, ductile and rubbery failure modes. The ductile region was found to be confined within a narrow band on the temperature-strain-rate plane, and is characterized by a yield plateau in the stress-strain curve and by linear dependence of yield stress on log strain rate and temperature. Yield strain seems to be almost unaffected by strain-rate, but decreases slightly with temperature rise.Analysis indicated that experimental data within the ductile region are consistent with Eyring's formulation for non-Newtonian viscoplastic flows. It leads to the evaluation of the “apparent activation energy” and activation volume for the two epoxy systems tested.Comparison with previous work indicates that the above parameters as well as yield stress and elastic modulus tend to increase with the decrease of the Versamid content in the resin.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 172-181 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Neither the fringed-micelle, fringed-fibril or extreme folded-chain models explain the morphological and mechanical properties of highly drawn polyethylene. The modified folded-chain model, assuming that a substantial fraction (between 5 and 30 percent) of the molecules do not fold back at the crystal surface but go through the “amorphous” surface layer and enter the next crystal, avoids the insufficiencies of the above mentioned models.The elastic modulus and tensile strength of drawn polyethylene, both increasing with draw ratio, are to a large extent the consequence of the molecules bridging the quasi-amorphous layers and interconnecting the folded-chain lamellae oriented more-or-less perpendicular to the machine direction. The folds create enough space for the accommodation of more-or-less extended tie molecules in the quasi-amorphous layers between the lamellae. Electron microscopy and calorimetry of samples as drawn, annealed and/or etched with fuming nitric acid support the model.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 120
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The permeation of carbon dioxide through polyethylene membranes has been studied at pressures up to 54.4 atm. and at temperatures above and below the critical temperature of the gas (31.0°C.). The permeability coefficient is independent of pressure at the highest experimental temperature (61.0°C.), but becomes increasingly pressure-dependent as the temperature is lowered. The principle of corresponding states can be used to correlate the solubility of both gases and vapors in polyethylene over a wide range of temperatures. This principle can also be invoked to obtain an upper limit for the penetrant pressure above which the permeability coefficient becomes pressure-dependent. The effect of pressure on the permeability, solubility, and diffusivity of gases and vapors in polyethylene is discussed in some detail.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 73-80 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Data are presented on the solubility in and permeation through polyolefin films of a number of gases and liquids. The permeation rates are found to be dependent on the type of film, the concentration and the temperature. A classical diffusion model explains the permeation mechanism and other relations serve to correlate the data.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 151-153 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 123
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 177-183 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Entanglement theories for polymer solutions resemble those developed for solid rubbers. These rubberlike theories are extremely successful qualitatively; they give a good indication of the type of response observed experimentally in concentrated solutions. Quantitatively the theories are not so useful; in general they predict constant viscosities in simple shearing motions and ever-increasing tensile stress in steady elongational flow.If it is supposed that the lifetime of the entanglements is limited partly by a maximum allowable strain magnitude, and that the network ruptures locally whenever this magnitude is exceeded, greatly improved quantitative predictions are observed. For polyisobutylene-cetane solutions, where the critical strain magnitude appears to be about 3, excellent prediction of the steady shearing viscosity curve is available starting from the measured dynamical response to small sinusoidal strains and the critical strain magnitude. Normal stress effects are also well represented; in elongational flow the tensile stress shows a slight maximum. It thus appears that the notion of network rupture is useful in guiding the selection of continuum theories for polymer fluid description.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 125
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Calculations of the molar heat and entropy of adsorption for pure methane and pure ethane on silica gel at 25°C. show the heterogeneity of the adsorbent when plotted as functions of the spreading pressure. Plots are given for the activity coefficient of methane and ethane in the adsorbed phase based on experimental data for the entire range of compositions at 25°C. up to a maximum pressure of 1,400 lb./sq.in.abs. Similar results were obtained at 5, 15, and 35°C. The activity coefficients deviate from unity at intermediate compositions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 214-219 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Differently shaped bubbles were observed growing during nucleate boiling of water at atomspheric pressure. The surface temperature beneath the bubbles was measured simultaneously with a fast response surface thermocouple. The evaporation from the base necessary to account for the observed cooling was calculated. A comparison of the ratio of vapor volume formed at the base to the total volume of the bubble shows a dependency on bubble shape. The ratio is smallest for spherical bubbles, largest for hemispherical and intermediate for oblate bubbles.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 235-239 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The nonuniform distribution of vapor across a distillation plate causes a reduction in the Murphree plate efficiency. The magnitude of the reduction has been evaluated and the maximum effect occurs when the liquid mixing is intermediate between the perfectly mixed and the plug flow cases.
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  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 269-271 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The free volume equation for liquid viscosities is generalized to multicomponent mixtures. No experimental mixture data are needed in order to use the correlation. Calculated viscosities for liquid mixtures composed of molecules which approximately obey the Lennard-Jones 6, 12 potential law show very good agreement with experimental data for eight binary systems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 129
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 306-307 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 130
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 334-338 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A finite-difference method is developed for numerical solution of parabolic partial differential equations. This technique is explicit and stable. It is shown that the present method is more accurate and faster, in terms of computer time, than the Crank-Nicholson method. A method of handling nonlinear problems is also presented. Two examples are given to illustrate the present technique. The first problem is a linear diffusion equation. The second problem deals with two simultaneous nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations with Neumann boundary conditions describing the steady state of a packed-bed catalytic reactor with radial mixing.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 131
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 362-366 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A rigorous and simple thermodynamic equation relating equilibrium vapor-liquid compositions and the phase enthalpy differences for a binary, isobaric system is extended to multicomponent systems. An analysis is made to indicate the potential applications of computing the latent heat of vaporization directly from the isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrum data and testing the consistency of phase composition and enthalpy data.
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  • 132
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 308-311 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 133
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 327-333 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The laminar boundary layers on a moving continuous flat surface in non-Newtonian fluids characterized by the power law model are investigated using exact and approximate methods. Both pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids are considered. Numerical solutions of the boundary-layer equations are obtained for values of the parameter n in the power law model ranging from 0.1 to 2.0. An integral solution of the momentum equation, which can be used to obtain values of the dimensionless shearing stress that are in good agreement with the exact values, is developed. An integral solution to the energy equation is also presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 134
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 357-362 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Forced convection heat transfer from vertical cylinders normal to an air-water spray flow stream was measured over an air velocity range from 60 to 140 ft./sec. and a water spray density range from 0.03 to 0.50 lb.m/(min.) (sq. in.). Local heat transfer coefficients were determined at 15 deg. intervals around the circumference of both a 1.5 and a 1.0 in. diam. cylinder. It was found that the addition of 0.426 lb.m/(min.) (sq. in.) of water spray to a 133 ft./sec. air stream raised the stagnation point heat transfer coefficient from 45 to 1,650 B.t.u./(hr.) (sq. ft.) (°F.). Similar intensification was found for other angles around the cylinder circumference; however, the magnitude decreased with increasing distance from the stagnation point. Local heat transfer coefficients were normalized with respect to their corresponding stognation point values and plotted parametrically as a function of angle and air velocity. These profiles showed that the normalized heat transfer coefficients decreased with increasing air velocity at angles other than the stagnation point. Average cylinder heat transfer coefficients were calculated from the air-water data and two correlations were obtained relating these coefficients to the air and the water spray Reynolds number.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 135
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 387-392 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study was made of the radiolytic oxidation of cyclohexane in aqueous solution by using cobalt 60 gamma radiation. In the presence of dissolved oxygen gas the reaction proceeds irreversibly with the formation of a number of oxidation products. Those identified were cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, and hydrogen peroxide. Trace quantities of carbon dioxide were also detected in the liquid phase. Using a constant dose rate of 15 × 104 rad./hr. in all runs, radiation yields were G(C6H11OH) = 0.49, and G(C6H10O) = 1.08. When molecular oxygen was excluded from the system, neither cyclohexanol nor cyclohexanone was formed on irradiation. A simplified kinetic model based on competition by the various solutes in the system for a single primary radical species produced by radiolysis of the solvent molecules is developed. Results generated using the mathematical model are compared with the experimental data. Excellent agreement between the observed and computed trends is noted at radiation doses up to 50 × 104 rad.
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  • 136
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 597-604 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The turbulent transport of mass, energy, and momentum was studied in a 4 in. diameter cylindrical column packed with 0.3 in. diameter stoneware spheres. Helium was used as a tracer material, with air as the mainstream fluid. The concentration of tracer present, the temperature, and the velocity of the gas were measured at several axial and radial increments. These data were analyzed numerically to obtain the radial component of the effective thermal conductivity and the radial component of the mass-dispersion coefficient as functions of radial position. Experimental conditions covered isothermal determinations at room temperature and nonisothermal determinations in which a temperature gradient was established in the radial direction. Significant differences were found between the isothermal and strongly nonisothermal results, primarily for the velocity profiles and thermal conductivities. Correlations were developed for the local values of the parameters.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 137
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 642-793 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
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  • 138
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 660-665 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Manning, Wolf, and Keairns' model for continuous flow-stirred tank reactors has been extended to include adiabatic as well as isothermal operation. The adiabatic, steady state yield of a continuous flow-stirred tank reactor was measured experimentally using the second-order, homogeneous, exothermic reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrogen peroxide. Model predictions of overall tank yield agreed closely with the data, thus verifying the applicability of this model to explain the effects of operating variables such as impeller size, impeller type, agitator speed, feed location, feed concentration, and flow rates.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 139
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 466-466 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 140
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 466-469 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 141
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 636-638 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 142
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 495-501 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The photodecomposition of acetone vapor was studied in a tubular flow, differential reactor at atmospheric pressure and from 82 to 112°C. The products included significant amounts of biacetyl along with carbon monoxide and ethane. A rate equation was developed from a sequence of elementary reactions believed to explain the photolysis of acetone. The effects of light intensity and acetone concentration, indicated in the derived rate equation, were confirmed by the data.The rate is less than first-order with respect to acetone, and this is believed to be due to reformation of stable acetone molecules by deactivation of CH3COCH3*.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 143
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 501-504 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Metal surfaces of titanium, aluminum, copper, lead, and zinc were irradiated by a 25 joules pulsed laser with an energy flux ranging from 106 to 108 cal./(sq.cm.) (sec.). The resulted cavities were sectioned, polished and measured to compare with the isotherms computed from several heat conduction models. Reasonable agreement was found between the experimental cavity diameters at the interface and those calculated from the disk source model. Also, a graphical correlation between the cavity depth and its interface diameter is presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 144
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical analysis of the operation of a Schildknecht type of column crystallizer is presented and simplified to three special cases. Experimental determinations were made of concentration profiles established during the purification of benzene with cyclohexane as impurity under steady state, batch conditions of operation. Benzene containing 34 to 500 ppm. cyclohexane was obtained by processing feed material with 5,000 to 30,000 ppm. cyclohexane. It was found that experimental data obtained under conditions of normal operation are well correlated by theoretical expressions if it is assumed that the crystals are not pure but contain cyclohexane at the level of 34 to 100 ppm. It was further established that the resistance to mass transfer between the liquid which adheres to the crystals and the wash liquid is negligible in comparison to backmixing effects as represented in the model by an eddy diffusion term. Smooth operation of the column was obtained at crystal rates below a limiting upper value and at oscillation frequencies above a lower limit.
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  • 145
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 786-790 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 146
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 802-802 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
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  • 147
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 829-836 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A generalized approach to reverse osmosis process design is presented for solution-membrane-operating systems characterized by the dimensionless parameters γ, θ, and λ defined in terms of the pure water permeability constant A, solute transport parameter (DAM/Kδ), mass transfer coefficient k on the high pressure side of the membrane, and the properties of the solution. Analytical expressions are derived, in terms of dimensionless quantities, for the change of volume of solution, concentration of the bulk solution and that of the concentrated boundary solution on the high pressure side of the membrane, the change in the permeating velocity of solvent water through the membrane, solute separation, and the other related quantities, at any instance, as a function of concentration of the product solution on the atmospheric pressure side of the membrane, or time from the start of the operation for reverse osmosis systems specified by γ, θ, and λ. The equations are applicable to membranes for which (DAM/Kδ) is independent of solute concentration and feed flow rate, and for aqueous feed solutions whose molar density can be assumed constant and whose osmatic pressure is proportional to mole fraction. The equations are developed first for the case of batch-by-batch operation, and their applicability to the flow case is then indicated.
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  • 148
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 861-865 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The final stages of condensation polymerization are characterized by a rapid rise in molecular weight, as the condensation product is formed and diffuses out of the polymer. The process occurring is one of desorption accompanied by a chemical reaction. The penetration theory equations for a generalized condensation polymerization reaction have been solved and some solutions are presented. The penetration theory solution, obtained by finite-difference computations, is compared with an analytical solution for the special case of no diffusional resistance.
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  • 149
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 933-935 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 150
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 941-942 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
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  • 151
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 902-910 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Positive feedback control systems sometimes can be used to make stable chemical reactors generate periodic outputs. For one set of system parameters the time average conversion obtained from the oscillating reactor was approximately 20% higher than the economic optimum steady state value; for another case the time average operating cost was approximately 5% lower than that corresponding to the optimum steady state design. A general method for predicting when an improvement can be obtained is presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 152
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 719-726 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method utilizing a diffusion controlled electrochemical reaction was used to measure average and instantaneous mass transfer coefficients at the solid-liquid interface in upward gasliquid climbing film flow in a vertical annular duct. These measurements give some indication of the mechanics of flow of the film, the extent of turbulence at the inner wall, and the effect of film thickness and wave motion on the mass transfer process at the inner wall. Predictions of incipient downflow of the film, shear stress at the inner wall, and interfacial shear stress were obtained from these measurements. Fluctuations in the velocity gradient at the inner wall were also studied. Results of this study are in good agreement with previous work and with theoretical predictions based on simplified momentum balance concepts.
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  • 153
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 772-779 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The design of an experimental cocurrent spray dryer and its method of operation are described. The rationale for the development of some new measurement techniques and modifications to existing ones is discussed. These techniques were used to obtain profiles at several dryer levels of the air velocity, air humidity, and spray mass velocity for the case of a 30% sodium nitrate solution sprayed into 100°C. air. Somewhat less detailed measurements of the spray moisture and radial turbulent diffusivity were also made.The humidity and spray moisture measurements gave very nearly identical results for the progress of the evaporation along the length of the dryer. The axial injection of the spray was found to result in steep gradients for the air velocity, air humidity, and salt mass velocity but these were found to decay under the influence of turbulent mixing which is also generated by the spray injection.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 154
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 866-872 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The local volume average of the equation of motion is taken for an incompressible fluid flowing through a porous structure under conditions such that inertial effects may be neglected. The result has two terms beyond a pressure gradient: g, the force per unit volume which a flowing fluid exerts on a porous structure, and the divergence of the local volume-averaged extra stress tensor (viscous portion of the stress tensor).Constitutive equations for g are examined with the aid of the principle of material indifference. When g is assumed to be a function of the velocity of the fluid relative to the solid as well as various scalars, the usual results for a nonoriented (isotropic) porous structure are obtained. When g is assumed to be a function of the local porosity gradient as well, we derive a new expression for g applicable to oriented (anisotropic) porous structures.For a Newtonian fluid with a constant viscosity, the divergence of the local volume-averaged extra stress tensor is proportional to the Laplacian of the averaged velocity vector. Boundary conditions for the averaged velocity vector are discussed. Three problems are solved for the flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid in a nonoriented permeable medium. These solutions, as well as an order-of-magnitude analysis, suggest that we may often neglect both the Laplacian of average velocity and the boundary conditions for the tangential components of averaged velocity at an impermeable wall.Two specific constitutive equations for g are proposed for the flow of incompressible Noll simple fluids in nonoriented porous structures. Flow through a porous medium bounded by an impermeable cylindrical surface is solved for these two constitutive equations, and the results are compared with previously available experimental data.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 155
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mechanism by which oxygen is transported from capillaries into tissue for cell respiration has been a subject of interest since the work of August Krogh in 1919. Mathematical analyses of the diffusion process have been obtained by several investigators (11, 12, 18), but are limited in scope by the complicated nature of the problem. However, the solutions that exist give enough insight to inspire a more rigorous treatment. With the advant of electronic computers more complete analyses are now within reach (16).The human brain accounts for less than 4% of the total body weight, yet it uses 15 to 20% of the total body oxygen consumption. This high metabolic rate makes the brain particularly vulnerable to any change in the normal oxygen supply. The fact that following a cessation of cerebral blood flow, unconsciousness develops within 10 sec., and irreversible damage within 10 min., demonstrates the importance of understanding the dynamics of oxygen supply to the brain.
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  • 156
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 3-3 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 157
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 10-17 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of heuristic structuring strategies in the development of computer programs for the synthesis of process designs is examined. By the employment of selection weights which are adjusted as experience is gained from past successes and failures, the computer is able to learn the sequence of structuring decisions which leads toward the optimal process design. The computer can develop competence in the synthesis of systems in a limited area of technology.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 158
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 51-56 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A knowledge of liquid-film flow rates is important for design purposes when accurate predictions are required of the conditions under which dryout heat flux occurs in nuclear reactors and boilers. Liquid-film flow rates were measured for a steam-water mixture in cocurrent, upward annular flow in a tube at a pressure of 1,000 lb./sq.in.abs. Sinters located at the test section exit were used to extract the liquid film after the method of the Harwell group. Sinter lengths of 2, 1, and 1/2 in. were employed to investigate the effect of length on the extracted liquid flow rates. The test section was a stainless steel pipe of inside diameter 0.493 in., approximately 200 diam. in length. The total mass flux ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 × 106 lb.m/hr.sq.ft. and the quality varied from 0.3 to 0.92.The experimental film flow rates were found to increase with decreasing quality. In the range of parameters investigated, the curves of film flow rate at constant quality vs. mass flux showed a maximum at a fixed value of steam velocity. At the same total mass flux and quality the film flow from the 1/2 in. sinter was lowest, suggesting that the crests of high amplitude roll waves overshot the sinter. Film flow rates were consistently higher than the theoretical predictions using Levy/s model. About one-third of the measured flow rates were twice as high as predicted.
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  • 159
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 85-88 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A generalized drying program that can simulate any drying conditions has been solved on a computer. The program includes the variation of humidity, temperature, and wind velocity over drying material. These three variables can be treated as functions of time. The correlations require knowledge of several basic properties of the material to be dried and were solved for the case of one directional heat and mass flow.The computer calculated results are checked with experimental data. The effective diffusivity and the solid surface resistance to mass transfer were evaluated by data obtained in three experiments.Solutions for constant drying conditions are presented in graphical form. Variations of such variables as humidity in a drier can be estimated from these curves but the computer program is more reliable.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 160
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 111-116 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new throttling flow calorimeter has been incorporated into the recycle facility of the Thermal Properties Laboratory. Energy is added to the expanding gas while it flows through a stainless steel capillary tubing from an insulated resistance wire located inside the entire length of the capillary. The calorimeter is designed to operate at pressures up to 2,000 lb./sq.in.abs. in the temperature range from -240 to +250°F.Data on the isothermal effect of pressure on enthalpy for a mixture containing 5 mole % propane in methane are presented and compared with data from the literature.
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  • 161
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 199-205 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Electrochemical techniques are developed to study the details of the flow around a single particle in a packed bed. Initial work has been done with a dumped bed of 1 in. spheres. Results are presented on the variation of the mass transfer coefficient and the shear stress around the surface of one of the spheres, the overall mass transfer rates to a sphere in a bed of inert spheres, and the effect of Reynolds number on the local mass transfer coefficient and the shear stress.
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  • 162
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 239-244 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermodynamic properties pertaining to phase equilibria in the binary-fluid hydrate systems, methylene chloride-water and chloroform-water, and the ternary hydrate system, methylene chloride-chloroform-water, were measured. Total vapor pressure data were recorded as a function of temperature over a range of -3 to + 10°C. Quadruple locus measurements of the ternary four-phase equilibrium, L1-L2-H-G, and isobaric studies of the ternary system chloroform-methylene chloride-water, support the existence of a solid solution hydrate between methylene chloride and chloroform. The addition of the nonhydrate former, hexane, to the methylene chloride-water system lowered the isobaric critical decomposition temperature of the hydrate.
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  • 163
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 128-131 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 164
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 137-141 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 165
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 166
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 167
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 184-189 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Drag coefficients of aerodynamically smooth spheres varying in diameter from 0.0625 to 1.004 in. and in density from 0.195 to 7.80 g./cc. were obtained at acceleration rates ranging from 120 to -30 ft./sq.sec. The particles were subjected to relative turbulence intensities of 7 to 35% and to ratios of Eulerian macroscale to particle diameter of about 0.4 to 5.Quantitative measurement of particle drag coefficients was made possible by the use of a new particle tracing technique which permits the resolution of time to the nearest tenth of a millisecond. The resulting data extend farther into the supercritical flow regime than any other measurements previously reported.The variation in drag coefficient with Reynolds number indicates a continuous alteration in the flow pattern around a sphere in this region. The effect of turbulence is, essentially, to increase supercritical drag, although this effect was found to diminish with increasing Reynolds number. Possible mechanisms for the effects of Reynolds number and turbulence on the particle drag coefficient are suggested.
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  • 168
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 206-208 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Monocrystals of calcium tartrate tetrahydrate, neodymium-doped calcium tartrate tetrahydrate, and cuprous chloride have been grown by controlled diffusion in silica gel using both metathetical and decomplexation reactions. Conditions for the optimum growth of the crystals are given and it is shown how the pH of the gel, the temperature of its formation, the concentration of the reactants which make up the gel, and the concentration of the reactants which result in the crystal are important in attaining good single crystal products. Crystals have been grown up to 11 mm. on edge in three to four weeks, and in many cases take on a form which, to all outward appearances, seem to have been cut and polished.
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  • 169
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 226-234 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hydrogenation of alpha-methylstyrene to cumene at 20 to 50°C. was studied experimentally with a trickle-bed reactor comprising a single vertical column of spherical porous palladium-on-alumina catalyst pellets. Other studies with powdered catalyst and studies in which catalyst pellets were swirled in a reactor allowed the intrinsic kinetics and effectiveness factor of the catalyst pellets to be determined. At 50°C. the reaction rate in the trickle-bed was about one-half of that in the absence of mass transfer limitations in the outside liquid film. The effectiveness factor of the pellets alone at 50°C. was 0.0057, and the tortuosity factor was 7.5. Experimental results are compared with four theoretical models for tricklebed reactors and criteria are presented for estimating whether mass transfer through the outside film is a significant resistance in an industrial trickle-bed reactor.
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  • 170
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 250-256 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Entrance region and fully developed mass transfer from the inner core of annuli was investigated for a fully developed velocity profile and a Schmidt number of 760. Constant wall concentration was the satisfied boundary condition of the inner core.The ranges of parameters investigated were 21,400 to 75,600 for Reynolds number, 0.164 to 0.741 for the annulus diameter ratio, and 0.018 to 3.85 for the length to hydraulic diameter ratios.Experiments were performed in an open water flow loop. Mass transfer coefficients were obtained from weight loss measurements of benzoic acid life saver elements of various diameters and lengths. These elements were assembled as an integral part of the inner core of the annulus. Concentricity was maintained by a tensioning device.The local Sherwood number is found to be significantly affected by the annulus diameter ratio, Reynolds number, and the length to hydraulic diameter ratio. A correlation is developed which predicts 93% of the data used for its development to within ± 10%.
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  • 171
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 276-281 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a numerical procedure for optimizing a large set of interconnected systems with respect to a given index of performance. The method automatically constructs the vector differential equation of the complete system from (a) the vector differential equations describing the behavior of the components of the system and (b) the manner of their interconnection. A hill-climbing method is then used to select optimum values of the system's parameters to maximize a given index of performance. An example of the procedure applied to a high order system is included.
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  • 172
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 463-465 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 173
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 469-470 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 174
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 521-526 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new theory for convection-free rinsing of flat plates was developed to include the drop dispersal mechanism as well as the previously considered diffusion mechanism. Cases where carryover is unequal to dragout were also included in the model. Based on film distribution data, the model offers better agreement with rinse data. The effect of drain time on film distribution and bottom drop volume was also investigated.
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  • 175
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 548-553 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equations are given that relate the entrance length to Reynolds number for pipe and channel geometries with a flat velocity profile as the initial condition. These equations are linear combinations of the creeping flow and boundary layer solutions. The former is obtained by minimization of the viscous dissipation using the finite element method. The equation for the pipe entrance is shown to be in good agreement with experimental data.
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  • 176
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 564-567 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Drag reduction data for five concentrations of a water-soluble polymer and three tube diameters are presented. The data are correlated by a single curve relating two dimensionless parameters; these have been obtained from a phenomenological analysis of the mechanism of drag reduction.
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  • 177
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 575-580 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple means for predicting composition distributions in copolymers is used to illustrate the strong influence of segregation effects in the reactor. A recycle loop reactor can be used to produce uniform copolymers by narrowing the macroscopic composition distribution, but there is a limiting microscopic distribution which results from probabilistic effects.
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  • 178
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 414-418 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The optimal unsteady control of a jacketed tubular reactor with and without heat generation due to chemical reaction in response to a step disturbance in the feed stream concentration is computed. More rigorous control action was found to be necessary for the case with heat generation than without heat generation. Convergence of the method was also investigated with fixed and free final time.
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  • 179
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 434-441 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis is performed of the strongly coupled heat and mass transfer processes which result from sublimation of mass from the walls of a duct into a flowing gas, the latent heat being provided solely by convective transfer from the gas. The flow is assumed to be laminar and hydrodynamically developed. Results are given for the streamward variations of the bulk and wall temperatures and mass fractions, of the heat and mass transfer rates, and of the local heat transfer coefficient. Representative temperature and mass fraction profiles are also presented. Entrance lengths characterizing the near approach to fully developed conditions are tabulated. Comparisons are made of the present results (based on a parabolic velocity profile) with those based on a slug flow velocity profile. A subsidiary analysis using the Lévěque model is also performed and the results compared with those of the principal solution.
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  • 180
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 454-459 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The onset of rotational flow instability was determined experimentally for dilute solutions of six polymers. In general, the onset of secondary motions occurred later than for a Newtonian liquid of equal apparent viscosity, although, depending upon geometric ratios, some instabilities occurred earlier than in the Newtonian liquid. The stability theory of Ginn and Denn was used to calculate viscometric normal stress functions for ten solutions, with excellent agreement obtained with rheogoniometric measurements of the primary normal stress measurements in all but three cases. Torque measurements of the laminar secondary motion following instability showed some frictional drags significantly less than those observed in Newtonian liquids, a phenomenon analogous to the turbulent drag reduction observed previously in dilute polymer solutions.
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  • 181
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 803-808 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An earlier study on interphase mass transfer in pulsating laminar flow has been extended to the case of a distensible tube. The physical situation studied corresponds to developed flow in a long tube with a traveling pressure wave of small amplitude impressed on the steady flow. The tube wall is free to expand radially. Asymptotic solutions are developed for large and small values of the frequency parameter. The interphase flux is much greater in distensible conduits than in the corresponding case in rigid conduits.
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  • 182
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 794-796 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
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  • 183
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 665-670 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental froth heights occurring on a perforated distillation tray were correlated with the determining system physical properties under distillation conditions. A photographic technique was used to measure accurately the foam and froth heights, produced in the 4 in. square test section of a laboratory distillation column, for several points in the composition range of five binary systems. Plate design parameters and operating vapor and liquid rates were held constant throughout the experimental study.The froth height results from this investigation (11), as well as those from studies (17) of a 6 in. distillation column, show a linear relation with the expression, UA2 ρv/(ρL  -  ρV), the frothing factor, for the ranges of the physical properties investigated.The foam height results of this study indicate that the mass transfer surface tension gradient, the heat transfer gradient, and the absolute value of surface tension all contribute to foam formation and stability. Because of the complex relation between the surface tension gradient and the frothing factor in relation to the degree of foaming, as well as the effects of other influencing variables, a unique correlation of the foam height data resulting from mass transture of the effect for several of the data points.This investigation was conducted to obtain experimental data which could provide a basis for correlation of the foam and froth heights occuring on an operating perforated distillation tray with system physical properties.
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  • 184
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 185
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 155-156 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 186
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 18-24 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Effects of pore diffusion in the catalytic oxidation of ethylene on copper oxide-alumina have been studied by varying the catalyst size and maintaining constant the ratio of the tube to the pellet diameter. Hydrocarbon analysis was determined with a flame ionization detector; infrared analyzers were used to determine carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide concentrations. Other reaction products were analyzed with a gas chromatograph. Curvature of the Arrhenius plots and increase in reaction order with temperature indicated a transition region between kinetic control at lower temperatures and pore diffusion control at higher temperatures. A calculation procedure which was developed to predict the conversion considering pore diffusion effects provided satisfactorily agreement between calculated and experimental results.
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  • 187
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 35-39 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of attrition of a catalyst sample, of a single particle size, can be expressed by a simple function of initial diameter and time. The initial rate is a function of initial diameter, whereas the decrease in attrition rate of a catalyst of a given size as it ages depends only on time.The attrition equation for a single size of particles is introduced into the particle size distribution function and, through mathematical analyses, yields a relationship for the attrition of a full size-range catalyst. The form of this relationship, which includes terms for attritability and severity of attrition conditions, is verified by laboratory and commercial attrition data on two full-range catalysts. The size distribution of an attrited sample is not expressible in simple analytical form, but is readily obtained by numerical analysis.
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  • 188
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 94-100 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Process design computations are represented by directed graphs whose edges correspond to streams of information flow between computational units. Algorithm I-R extends existing algorithms for finding the minimal sized blocks of units between which no recycle exists. Algorithm II-R orders the sequence of unit computations within a block to minimize the number of recycle parameters. Algorithm III-R uses the concept of indexing to order computations which evade algorithm II-R. This work is directed toward the evolution of efficient programs for computer-aided process design.
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  • 189
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 88-93 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rheological properties of foam stabilizers have been measured with an improved canal viscometer that provides absolute values of surface shear viscosity and yield strength. Studies conducted in room air confirmed previous reports of complex non-Newtonian film properties for oil soluble surfactants at the air-oil interface. Both shear and time dependent behavior were observed in which the apparent surface viscosity increased with decreasing rotational speed. Surface viscosities were low at all fresh interfaces but generally increased with the age of the surface over a period of several hours to several days. Experiments conducted in a controlled humidity environment have established that the phenomenon of aging in room air is due to adsorption of moisture from the gas by the surfactant film. Preliminary results indicate that the shear dependency of films in a high humidity environment can be approximated by a Bingham Plastic model which characterize their rheological behavior in terms of a Newtonian surface viscosity and yield value.
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  • 190
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 124-126 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 191
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 150-151 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 192
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 146-149 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 193
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 162-162 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 194
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 320-320 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 195
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 164-170 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical study has been made on the effect of pulsations in the flow field on interphase mass transfer. The phenomenon is of interest in studies of the cardiovascular system as well as in traditional engineering applications. The physical situation studied corresponds to fully developed flow in a long conduit with a periodic pressure gradient. The mass transfer problem was solved analytically for low amplitude pulsations for the two limiting cases of very small and very large frequencies. In addition, several numerical solutions were developed in the intermediate region where the asymptotic solutions are least accurate. The solutions taken together give a good quantitative overall view of the phenomenon.One of the most interesting and unexpected results is that at very low frequencies it is possible for a pulsatile flow to yield a lower interphase mass flux than a steady Poiseuille flow with the same velocity.
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  • 196
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 289-290 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 197
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 291-292 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 198
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 303-305 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 199
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969) 
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    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 477-477 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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