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  • 1970-1974  (6,595)
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  • 1970-1974  (6,595)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1905-1909  (2,035)
  • 1900-1904  (1,527)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the chick thymus (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 191-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; Fine structure ; Avian ; Gallus domesticus ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the normal thymus of the young chicken (Gallus domesticus) is described. Four main cell types, lymphoid cells, epithelial cells, macrophages and myoid cells, can be distinguished. The lymphocytes are more numerous in the cortex than in the medulla, and are quantitatively the most important component of the thymus. The epithelial cells vary greatly in morphology. Reticular epithelial cells, which have long cytoplasmic processes connected by desmosomes, and which appear to afford a supporting network for the free cells of the thymus, are present in the cortex and medulla. Undifferentiated epithelial cells are present in the medulla and cortico-medullary regions and have few intracytoplasmic fibrils or desmosomes. Cystic epithelial cells, showing intercellular and intracellular cyst formation are frequent in the medulla. Also present in the medulla are squamous epithelial cells which contain many intracytoplasmic fibrils and have numerous desmosomes, and which are involved in the formation of Hassall's corpuscles. Macrophages are present in moderate numbers in the cortex and medulla, and immature and fully developed myoid cells are common in the medulla. Other cell types present include granule-containing cells with desmosomes, large pale cells with few cytoplasmic organelles, mast cells, plasma cells, red blood corpuscles and cells of the granular leukocyte series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307440
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spermatogenesis revisited (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 155-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermiogenesis ; Mouse ; Multinucleate spermatids ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This ultrastructural study confirms and extends the light microscope findings of Bryan (1971) concerning the presence and developmental fate of multinucleate spermatids. Four main classes of cells: uninucleate-individual, uninucleate-conjoined, multinucleate-conjoined, and multinucleate-individual, were identified along with a few instances of more complex syncytial organizations. When the respective nuclei in a given multinucleate are far enough apart, each develops autonomously but in synchrony with its neighbors. When nuclei are intimately associated, the “normal” pattern of spermiogenesis may be altered, giving rise to highly bizarre spermatozoa. Commonly, a single Golgi complex serves a pair of nuclei and gives rise to a “T-shaped” acrosome which binds the nuclei together. During the ensuing nuclear elongation phase, such units are invested by a single manchette. Pairs of axonemes within a common plasma membrane have also been encountered. These ultrastructural findings indicate that multinucleate spermatids are true components (not artifacts) of the seminiferous epithelium of normal animals. The presence of such cells and the unusual developmental consequences which can arise as a result of the multinucleate state must be taken into account when evaluating the course of spermatogenesis in cases of mutation- or chemically-induced infertility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306605
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical demonstration of Δ5-3 ß-OHD activity in the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles of immature and mature mice correlated with some ultrastructural observations (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 215-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary (mouse) ; Granulosa cells ; Steroidogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A systematic study of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the granulosa cells of immature and mature mice was made. The histochemical results were compared with the ultrastructural findings on the same cells in an attempt to determine whether the granulosa cells are capable of a steroidogenic role. In newborn and immature mice the granulosa cells of a great amount of follicles demonstrated a moderate or strong histochemical activity. In mature mice the granulosa cells demonstrated a weak or moderate activity normally only in preovulatory follicles and in some other atretic follicles. The granulosa cells of the normal developing follicles did not show such activity. In addition the histological control of numerous parallel sections demonstrated particularly in immature ovaries the presence of a great amount of atretic follicles. In the cytoplasm of the granulosa cells of the follicles in immature ovaries only clusters of lipid droplets with ribosomes were noted; while in the preovulatory follicles of mature animals there started to appear mitochondria with tubular cristae, smooth membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and irregular lipid droplets. In the obviously atretic follicles several granulosa cells as well as theca interna cells showed numerous lipid droplets and ribosomes together with different degenerating organelles. The granulosa cells of the normal developing follicles showed a well developed Golgi complex, granular endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes. The histochemical and ultrastructural findings suggest a steroidogenic role of the granulosa cells only in the larger preovulatory follicles (probably related to an early luteinization of this layer) but this role was not demonstrated in the same cells in normal developing follicles. In addition, since an histochemical positivity was demonstrated also in the granulosa cells of some obviously atretic follicles, it is possible that many of the follicles having granulosa cells filled with lipid droplets and attached ribosomes and histochemically positive might be, in the immature ovaries, in a very precocious stage of atresia. It is to precise for these cells whether a cytoplasm with these two strictly correlated components (lipid droplets and attached ribosomes) and showing an histochemical positivity could carry-on all the biochemical steps involved in steroid biosynthesis or only has only a temporary capability to produce some precursors of steroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307442
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of desiccation and starvation upon the weight, histology and ultrastructure of the reproductive tract of Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 229-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Reproductive tract ; Biomphalaria glabrata ; Desiccation ; Starvation metabolism ; Weighing experiments ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of desiccation (36 weeks), starvation (12 weeks) and recovery (4 weeks following 16 weeks of desiccation and 2 weeks following 9 weeks of starvation) upon the accessory sex glands and some other body parts of Biomphalaria glabrata were studied by means of weighing experiments and histochemical and ultrastructural methods. The results of the weighing experiments show that the various parts of the reproductive tract are not protected from involution processes during the adverse conditions, as some parts (the albumen gland, spermduct and prostate gland) showed a more pronounced decrease in weight than other body parts. Measurements of the epithelial heights of the accessory sex glands and ultrastructural observations corroborate the results of the weighing experiments. During the adverse conditions the organelles involved in the formation of the secretion granules (granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi-apparatus) became involuted. The secretion granules within the cells of the albumen gland, spermduct and prostate gland were broken down by crinophagy. This latter process was less pronounced in the oviduct, muciparous gland, oöthecal gland, uterus and vagina. During the adverse conditions the lipoprotein producing cell types (mainly in the male part) remained active longer than the polysaccharide producing cell types (mainly in the female part). The significance of this observation is discussed. The amounts of glycogen present in most tissues of the reproductive tract and of the other investigated body parts (the foot, columellar muscle and vesicular connective tissue cells) were not apparently diminished, even when the secretory cells showed clear signs of involution, as a result of long periods of adverse conditions. Within the recovery periods 50% of the snails resumed egg production. During recovery the relative increases in weight of the accessory sex glands seemed to exceed that of other body parts, indicating that the restoration of the accessory sex glands is favoured. Histologically, reactivation of the accessory sex glands was apparent after 36–72 hours of recovery. At this time secretory material was again observed within the cisternae of the gland cell Golgi-bodies. Because reactivation is fairly rapid, a nervous or hormonal control of this process appears more likely than control via the general metabolism. The possible functions of various body organs in storing food reserve material is discussed, and it is concluded that the glycogen storing vesicular connective tissue cells (which occur throughout the whole body in the connective tissue) play a major role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307443
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Feinstruktur des Protonephridialsystems von Turbanella cornuta Remane, einem marinen Gastrotrich der Ordnung Macrodasyoidea (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 277-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Protonephridial system ; Turbanella cornuta Remane (Gastrotricha) ; Cyrtocytes ; Fine structure ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Protonephridien des marinen Gastrotrichs Turbanella cornuta Remane werden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Terminalapparate der Macrodasyoidea sind Cyrtocyten. Ein Reusenröhrchen besteht aus acht Längsstäben mit netzartigen Zwischenwänden aus dünnen Fibrillen. Im Lumen des Röhrchens schwingt eine Geißel. Die Wand eines Terminalbechers bildet ein zusätzliches Reusensystem, das mit Poren und Schlitzen versehen ist. Die drei bis vier Cyrtocyten eines Protonephridiums münden in eine Sammelzelle ein. Von dieser geht ein Exkretionsröhrchen mit Treibwimperflamme aus, welches von einer Ausleitungszelle gebildet wird. Die Cyrtocyten der beiden Gastrotrichenordnungen (Chaetonotoidea u. Macrodasyoidea) grenzen sich strukturell gegenüber bisher bekannten Formen dieses Zelltyps ab.
    Notes: Summary The protonephridial system of the marine gastrotrich Turbanella cornuta Remane was studied with the electron microscope. The terminal cells of the Macrodasyoidea are Cyrtocytes. Each tube for filtration consists of eight longitudinal rods with a net of fine fibrils between them; it contains a single whip. The wall of a terminal cup with its pores and slits is an additional system for filtration. Three or four filtration tubes are ending in a collecting cell. From this cell an excretory channel with one whip formed by an outlet cell arises. The filtration tubes of Macrodasyoidea are similar to those of Chaetonotoidea and differ from other forms of this cell-type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307445
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über das fetale Gefäßsystem der reifen menschlichen Placenta (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 333-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Placenta ; Human ; Blood vessels ; Endothelium ; Vascular muscle, Myoendothelial junctions ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gefäße der Nabelschnur, Chorionplatte, Stammzotten und das Mikrozirkulationssystem des Zottenbaums der reifen menschlichen Plazenta wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Endothel- und Muskelzellen besitzen auch am Ende der Gravidität alle morphologischen Kennzeichen voller Funktionsfähigkeit. Auffällig sind die zahlreichen myo-endothelialen Verzahnungen und die zahlreichen Kontakte der Muskelzellen untereinander. Sphinkterartige Einrichtungen werden nur an den Verzweigungen der Präkapillaren beobachtet. Gefäßnerven fehlen überall. Möglicherweise kann die Durchströmung der fetalen Placentagefäße durch autonome Kontraktion der Gefäßwände reguliert werden. — Alle Gefäße der Placenta sind elasticafrei. In den Nabelarterien sind elastische Systeme schwach ausgebildet. Eine Elastica interna wird nur in der Nabelvene gefunden. — Das Mikrozirkulationssystem in den Rami und Ramuli chorii sowie den Terminalzotten wird von allen bekannten Endstromeinheiten aufgebaut. Die englumigen Kapillarabschnitte befinden sich vor allem in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zum organellenreichen Syncytiophoblast, während die weitlumigen Abschnitte, die möglicherweise die venösen Kapillarstrecken sind, den Epithelplatten anliegen.
    Notes: Summary In the human placenta at term the blood vessels of the umbilical cord, chorionic plate and trunks and the microcirculation system of the placental lobes have been investigated. Also at the end of pregnancy the vascular endothelium and the smooth muscle cells exhibit all morphological criteria of full functional activity. The vessel wall is characterized by numerous myoendothelial junctions and many adjacent muscle cells being in close contact with one another. Sphincterlike structures can only be observed at the ramifications of the precapillaries. Vascular nerves are always absent. The blood circulation is perhaps regulated autonomously by means of the contractile vessel wall.—In all placental vessels a special tunica elastica never exists. In the umbilical arteries elastic systems are poorly developed. A genuine internal elastic layer only occurs in the corresponding vein.—In the region of the rami and ramuli chorii as well as in the single villi the microcirculation system consists of all types of terminal vessels. The capillaries with small diameter are preferentially situated close to the organellrich syncytiotrophoblast, whereas the distended segments, which may represent the venous capillaries, are in intimate contact with the epithelial plates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306590
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Feinstruktur des dorsalen Riesenfasersystems im Bauchmark des Regenwurms (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 369-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Giant fibres ; Ventral nerve cord ; Lumbricus terrestris L. ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die proximalen Kollateralen der dorsalen Riesenfasern des Regenwurms wurden in Serienschnitten vom Soma bis zum Eintritt in die Riesenfaser verfolgt und im Hinblick auf ihre Feinstruktur und ihre synaptischen Kontakte Untersucht. Es finden sich sowohl chemische als auch elektrische Synapsen. Ihre Feinstruktur wird mit der bekannter Synapsen anderer Wirbellosen und Wirbeltiere verglichen. In beiden Riesenfasersystemen kommen efferente chemische Synapsen mit feinen postsynaptischen Verzweigungen vor, die anscheinend von Bauchmark-Motoneuronen stammen. Das Axon der medianen Riesenfaser weist darüber hinaus nur noch eine elektrische Synapse mit den Rieseninterneuronen auf. Demgegenüber erhalten die Kollateralen der lateralen Riesenfasern zahlreiche Afferenzen, die zum Teil als sensorische Fasern der Epidermis, multisegmentale Fasern der Hauptfaserzüge und Rieseninterneurone identifiziert werden konnten. Weitere Afferenzen stammen vermutlich von unisegmentalen Interneuronen her. Beide lateralen Riesenzellaxone bilden außerdem miteinander eine elektrische Chiasma-Synapse mit besonderen Membraneinfaltungen.
    Notes: Summary The proximal collaterals of the dorsal giant fibres of the earthworm were traced through serial sections from the cell bodies to the giant axons. Their structure and synaptic connections were examined. There are chemical as well as electrical synapses. Their fine structure is compared to that of other known invertebrate and vertebrate synapses. Both giant fibre systems have efferent chemical connections with thin postsynaptic arborizations which probably belong to ventral cord motoneurons. Moreover the median giant axon is connected by an electrical synapse with the giant interneurons. The lateral giant collaterals on the contrary receive many afferences through chemical synapses which were partly identified as sensory fibers from the epidermis, multisegmental axons from the main fibre bundles or giant interneurones. Other afferences probably come from unisegmental interneurones. In addition both lateral giant axons form an electrical chiasma synapse with special membrane folds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306592
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L3, the 3rd 2nd order neuron of the 1st visual ganglion in the “neural superposition” eye of Musca domestica (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 397-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Visual system ; Musca domestica ; Monopolar cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nur drei von den fünf Monopolarzelltypen L1, L2, L3, die in jeder Cartridge der Lamina vorhanden sind, sind synaptisch mit den sechs Rezeptorendigungen (R1–R6) verbunden. Entsprechend der Verteilung ihrer Dendriten sind zwei von den drei Neuronen (L1 und L2) zur gesamten Länge der Endigungen verbunden, während das dritte Neuron (L3) Verbindungen nur in dem äußeren Zweidrittel der Lamina hat. Obwohl diese drei Zellen als Neurone 2. Ordnung des Neurosuperpositionsauges wirken könnten, deutet ihre anatomische Organisation auf funktionelle Unterschiede hin.
    Notes: Summary Only three of the five types of monopolar cells which are present in each cartridge of the lamina have synaptic connections with receptor endings (R1–R6). Due to the distribution of their dendrites two of these (L1 and L2) contact the whole length of the six receptor endings of their cartridge whereas the third type (L3) contacts only their outer 2/3rds. Although these three cells may function as the second order neurons of the neurosuperposition eye, their anatomical relationship imply functional differences between them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306593
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-injury DNA synthesis, mitosis and ultrastructural reorganization of adult frog cardiac myocytes (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 431-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cardiac muscle ; Frog ; Regeneration ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary From the 5th day up to the end of 3rd week following local crushing of the frog ventricle myocardium, ca. 13% of myocyte nuclei, in the vicinity of the damaged zone, were labelled after a single 3H-thymidine (3HTdr) injection, and 30–50% of these were labelled after repeated 3HTdr administration. The number of myocyte mitoses was maximal (ca. 1.3%) at the beginning of the 3rd week. The reactive proliferation of myocytes was accompanied by their “partial dedifferentiation”. This involved the nuclear euchromatic rearrangement, increase in size of nuclei and nucleoli, accumulation of the sarcoplasm rich in free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, hyperplasia of the Golgi apparatus, and the appearance of 80–100 Å in diameter cytofilaments. Electron microscope autoradiography has shown that all these changes may be more or less pronounced in myocytes incorporating 3HTdr. The myofibril ultrastructure was found to be unchanged during S phase. However, in the mitotically dividing myocytes, the majority of Z-disks were disintegrated resulting in progressive release of myofilament bundles. Both 3HTdr labelled and mitotic myocytes were anchored to the adjacent ones by desmosomes and intercalated disks. No free myoblasts were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306596
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das unterschiedliche Bild organspezifischer Strukturen im Glomus caroticum und Nebennierenmark (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 133-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid body ; Adrenal medulla ; Rabbit ; Osmiophilic vesicles ; Cat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die organspezifischen Strukturen im Glomus caroticum und Nebennierenmark zeigen unter verschiedenen experimentellen Bedingungen ein unterschiedliches Bild. So läßt sich unter anderem durch Modifizierung der Fixationsmedien (Glutaraldehyd, Osmiumsäure in Kombination mit verschiedenen Puffern) eine optimale Differenzierung der zellulären Strukturelemente von Glomuszellen erreichen. An den osmiophilen Vesikeln fällt eine starke Variabilität ihres Erscheinungsbildes auf. Feinstrukturelle Unterschiede werden in Elektronendichte des Vesikelinhaltes, Größe und Ausbildung des Hofes sowie in Aufbau und Verlauf der Membran deutlich. Auf Grund dieser Kriterien lassen sich im wesentlichen 4 Haupttypen der Granula von seltener vorkommenden Sonderformen abgrenzen.
    Notes: Summary The organospecific structures of the carotid body and the adrenal medulla show a different appearance under various experimental conditions. Thus, it is possible to obtain an optimal differentiation of the cellular structure elements of the carotid body cells by modifying the fixatives (glutaraldehyde, osmic acid, in combination with various buffer systems). Especially the osmiophilic vesicles show a great variability in their appearance. Ultrastructural differences become evident in the electron-density of the vesicle content, in the size of the electron-lucent space (halo of the dense core), as well as in the structure and conduct of the membrane. Based on these criteria four main types of granules can be said to occur in the carotid body. These can be distinguished from more uncommon special types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307083
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A radioautographic study of the transport of 125I-labeled serum lipoproteins in rat aorta (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 223-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Aorta, endothelium ; Rat ; Transport of serum lipoproteins ; Radioautography ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The transport of 125I-labeled serum lipoproteins through the aortic endothelium was studied by radioautography. Rat aorta and heart was perfused in vitro with a medium containing human very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), delipidated HDL apolipoprotein or rat HDL. In all lipoproteins more than 95% of the radioactivity was TCA precipitable and lipid radioactivity was from 2–4% in HDL, 4–6% in LDL, 7–15% in VLDL. After 18–60 min of perfusion and wash with unlabeled medium, most of the aortic radioactivity was TCA precipitable and the percent of lipid counts was similar to that in the original lipoprotein. Following perfusion with VLDL, LDL, or HDL the radioautographic reaction was seen over the endothelium, the subendothelial space and the inner media, and was separated by an unlabeled zone from the reaction present over the adventitia. Uniform labeling of the entire wall was found after perfusion with HDL apolipoprotein. The presence of silver grains over endothelial cells in regions rich in plasmalemmal vesicles suggested that these organelles participate in the transport of the labeled lipoprotein, as was shown for lactoperoxidase (Stein and Stein, 1972). The present data indicate that cholesterol may enter the aortic wall as a constituent of lipoprotein particles. Since an HDL particle carries less than 1/20 of the cholesterol present in a LDL particle, it seems that the lower susceptibility of the female to atheromatosis might be related to the higher ratio of HDL to LDL particles in the female serum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306609
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The epithelium of the middle ear in the guinea pig (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Middle ear ; Guinea pig ; Epithelial cells ; Intercellular junctions ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study of aldehyde and osmium fixed normal guinea pig middle ear epithelium was made. Numerous branching microvilli occur between the cilia of the ciliated cells. The granules of the secretory cells are always surrounded by a membrane, and they vary in their content of electron dense substance. Half desmosomes are frequent in basal cells. The squamous epithelial cells of the bulla contain few microvilli and pinocytoric invaginations. In the basal part of the squamous epithelium dilations of the intercellular clefts often occur. The luminal part of the intercellular clefts are closed by multiple tight junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306613
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thyroidectomy cells and their response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) in the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroidectomy cell ; Pituitary gland ; Electron microscopy ; TRH and granule extrusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thyroidectomy cells of the rat pituitary gland were studied by the peroxidase-antibody labeling procedure and by electron microscopy. Secretory granules accumulated in these cells in response to a short-term treatment with thyroxine, and the cells were then reactive to the peroxidase-antibody labeling procedure. An intravenous injection of synthetic thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) to thyroxine-treated, thyroidectomized rats provoked an acute and active extrusion of secretory granules from the thyroidectomy cells. The secretory granules in these cells were mostly “haloed” after primary fixation in osmium tetroxide. It is concluded that TRH causes thyroidectomy cells to release their secretory granules, and presumably TSH, by the usual process of exocytosis or granule extrusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307096
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tagesrhythmische Veränderungen im Granulationsindex der juxtaglomerulären Zellen der Rattenniere (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Juxtaglomerular cells ; Rat ; Granulation index ; Diurnal rhythm ; Statistical evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Granulations-Index der juxtaglomerulären epitheloiden Zellen der Rattenniere unterliegt tagesrhythmischen Schwankungen, wobei die berechneten Werte in den Nachtstunden significant höher sind als in den Tagesstunden.
    Notes: Summary Marked diurnal changes occur in the granulation index of the juxtaglomerular cells in the rat kidney. According to the results the night values are significantly higher than those obtained in daytime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307054
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenergic and cholinergic nerves of bovine, guinea pig and hamster salivary glands (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 407-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Salivary glands ; Autonomic innervation ; Acetylcholine-esterase ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of formaldehyde-induced fluorescence and acetylcholine-esterase (AChE) activity was histochemically investigated in certain salivary glands of the cow (submandibular gland), guinea pig and hamster (submandibular and sublingual glands). Adrenergic nerves occur around the secretory acini of the bovine, guinea pig and hamster submandibular glands, as well as around those of the hamster sublingual gland. The mucous secretory acini of the guinea pig sublingual gland, however, seem to be devoid of adrenergic nerve supply. Except in the sublingual gland of the hamster, no adrenergic nerves occur in relation to duct cells. The pattern of AChE activity is similar to that of adrenergic nerves. Thus, AChE-positive nerves form a network around secretory acini of all the five glands examined. Furthermore, AChE activity was also observed in nerve fibres in close proximity to striated duct cells. Both adrenergic and AChE-containing fibres were observed around blood vessels of different sizes. Ganglionic cells are occasionally to be seen; they all display AChE-activity. No adrenergic ganglionic cells were observed in any of the glands examined. All glands were also studied in the electron microscope. Interest was focussed on the fine structure of the autonomic nerves with special reference to their contents and type of storage vesicles. The content of noradrenaline was chemically determined in each type of salivary gland studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307102
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    Suppression of somatotrophs in growth hormone injected rats (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 309-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary Gland ; Rat ; Somatotropin ; Cellular Response ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The response of somatotrophs to large doses of purified bovine growth hormone was examined in uninephrectomized rats drinking 1% sodium chloride in an attempt to prolong the action of the hormone. Growth hormone produced a triphasic response in the ultrastructure of somatotrophs. Uninephrectomy and salt alone induced no changes in somatotrophs as compared to unoperated animals consuming tap water. In the first phase (3 days) the cross sectional area of the cell increased, the size of the largest granule per cell as well as the number of granules per cell increased significantly. All these parameters then reached control level after 7 days of injections during a second phase. Suppression of somatotrophs by exogenous growth hormone was evident by 16 days (third phase) when the area of the cell, the size of the largest secretory granule as well as the number of granules per cell all decreased significantly. Somatotrophs apparently did not react to suppression by a lysosomal mechanism inasmuch as no increase in the number of lysosome-derived structures was seen even at 16 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307020
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  • 117
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    The nucleus preopticus and the nucleus lateralis tuberis in the roach, Leuciscus rutilus (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 369-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucleus preopticus ; Nucleus lateralis tuberis ; Leuciscus rutilus ; Falck-Hillarp technique ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothalamus of the teleost fish Leuciscus rutilus was investigated with the Falck-Hillarp technique. The nucleus preopticus (NPO) and the nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT) contain no fluorescent, i.e. catecholaminergic cells. Green fluorescent fibers probably originating from the paraventricular organ and/or the preoptic recess organ, are intermingled with the cells. The electron microscopical study was based on the three fixatives glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide, osmium tetroxide and potassium permanganate. In the NPO two cell types are recognized, characterized mainly by dense core vesicles (dcv) with measured diameter of 130 nm and 170 nm across respectively. The endoplasmic reticulum in the former cell type generally has large dark inclusions measuring from 175 to 375 nm across, which are also found in the neurite. In the NLT, four different cell types are identified, some of which are subject to considerable variations. The rostral and the medial parts of the nucleus include a large cell type (I) with dcv of diameter 170 nm. The medial part also has a small cell type (II) with dcv of 80 nm. The lateral part is characterized by two cell types (III, IV). Cell type III occurs in three forms with dcv of about 140 nm. The fourth cell type (IV) is rare and contains irregularly formed granules, the most circular ones measuring about 130 nm and the most elongated ones 110 nm×210 nm. The ventrolateral part contains the same cell types (except for type II) as those found in the lateral and medial parts. The morphological differentiation of the NLT as well as its different cell types strongly indicates its functional diversity. After permanganate fixation the secretory granules of the different cell types in the NPO and the NLT appear as “empty” vesicles. This method also reveals that the cell types of the two nuclei have dcv of about 90 nm. The possible monoaminergic content and the role of these dcv are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307024
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  • 118
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    Über eine unbekannte Membrandifferenzierung in Zellen des Jacobsonschen Organs der Katze (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 583-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Organon vomero-nasale (cat) ; Bright Cells ; Crystal-like differentiations ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In bright columnar cells of the vomero-nasal organ of the cat an hitherto unknown hexagonal crystal-like membrane differentiation, connected with the endoplasmic reticulum, was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306681
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  • 119
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    Age changes in the centrally and peripherally located sensory neurons in rat (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 285-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensory neurons ; Lipofuscin pigment ; Mitochondrion ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lipofuscin pigment formation and distribution in the Mes. N.5 neurons, trigeminal and spinal ganglia of male Wistar rats of 2, 14, 32 and 49 months as an indication of aging has been investigated. These intraneuronal pigment granules are found as early as 2 months in all the cells, and continue to accumulate in all the cells in varying amounts until the first year of life. The different rate at which lipofuscin accumulates probably shows the difference in the maturation of the functionally related cells. At later stages the obvious findings are complex pigment body formation and localization of the pigment bodies either at one pole as seen in the Mes. N. 5 neurons or arranged submembranously parallel to the long axis of the cells in the ganglia. The vacuolated lipofuscin pigment bodies are bound by a double limiting membrane and among the vacuoles are found tubular membranous structures resembling residual mitochondrial substructures. These findings suggest a mitochondrial origin of lipofuscin, rather than a lysosomal. The intracellular pigment bodies seen in the perineuronal satellite cells of peripheral ganglia appear to be signs of removal of lipofuscin from the ganglion cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311358
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  • 120
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    Karyometrische Untersuchungen am Nucleus suprachiasmaticus geblendeter Ratten (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat ; Suprachiasmatic nucleus ; Blinding ; Retinohypothalamic connections ; Karyometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Radioaktiv markierte Aminosäuren werden bei Säugetieren nach intraokulärer Injektion nicht nur zu den primären optischen Kerngebieten, sondern auch in den Nucleus suprachiasmaticus des Hypothalamus transportiert (Moore und Lenn, 1972; Hendrickson, Wagoner und Cowan, 1972; Moore, 1973). Dieser Befund macht eine direkte Verknüpfung zwischen der Netzhaut und dem sekretorisch aktiven Nucleus suprachiasmaticus wahrscheinlich, obwohl mit Silbertechniken eine solche Verbindung nicht sicher nachgewiesen werden konnte. Karyometrische Studien am Nucleus suprachiasmaticus männlicher Wistar-Ratten zeigen 6 Tage nach beidseitiger Blendung eine signifikante Abnahme der Zellkerndurchmesser. Dieses Ergebnis spricht für eine Aktivitätsänderung der Neurone im Nucleus suprachiasmaticus geblendeter Ratten.
    Notes: Summary Intraocular injection of labeled amino acids results, in different mammals, in an accumulation of radioactive material not only in the primary optic centers but also within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (Moore et al., 1972; Hendrickson et al., 1972; Moore, 1973). This finding argues in favour of a direct connection between the retina and the secretory suprachiasmatic nucleus although silver techniques do not show such a pathway. In male Wistar rats the nuclear diameter of the suprachiasmatic neurons decreases significantly 6 days after bilateral experimental ablation of the retina. These results indicate an alteration in activity of the suprachiasmatic neurons in blinded rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307457
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    The ultrastructure of lymphatic valves in the adult rabbit lung (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 149-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymphatic valves ; Pulmonary lymphatics ; Lymphatic endothelium ; Lymphatic system ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic investigation has revealed that the pulmonary lymphatic valves of adult rabbits are not simple duplicatures of the lymphatic vessel wall. They consist of an uninterrupted central connective tissue core, covered on both sides with a single layer of flattened endothelial cells. Near their insertion in the lymphatic vessel wall, the connective tissue core reveals a distinct thickening being composed mainly of collagen bundles. In the other parts it contains mainly elastic fibers and fine filaments, enclosing also some rather peculiar connective tissue cells. Nervous and muscular elements were not observed. The endothelium is continuous and exhibits no open junctions. The valvular basement membrane is better developed than in lymphatic capillaries. The endothelial cells contain numerous cytoplasmic filaments which might be endowed with contractile properties. The nuclei of the endothelial and the connective tissue cells are irregularly spaced and frequently clustered near the free edge of the valve. These ultrastructural features suggest that the function of the lymphatic valves is mainly passive. They are firmly inserted in the lymphatic vessel wall by collagen fibers and their moving parts are slender and elastic. Their endothelium appears relatively impermeable and is firmly attached to the subjacent connective tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307476
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    Ultrastructure of four types of striated muscle fibers in the atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 273-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle fiber types ; Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.) ; Myosatellite cells ; Intranuclear rodlets ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four types of striated muscle fibers with distinctive ultrastructure were defined in the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.): “white”, “intermediate”, and “red” fibers of m. parietalis, and “red” fibers of m. craniovelaris. “White” fibers are thick, contain very few mitochondria and fat vacuoles, and possess distinct and separate myofibrils with thin Z-disks and distinct M-lines. “Intermediate” fibers are thinner, possess largely similar myofibrils that often are even better separated due to a higher content of fat vacuoles and especially mitochondria and glycogen granules. “Red” fibers of m. parietalis contain large amounts of mitochondria, fat vacuoles, and glycogen granules. Their myofibrils possess M-lines, and although branching more, the myofibrils of “red” fibers conform with a “Fibrillenstruktur” pattern like those of “white” and “intermediate” fibers. “Red” fibers of m. craniovelaris are very thin, possess many smaller fat vacuoles, and large amounts of mitochondria and glycogen granules. The myofibrils are significantly thinner than in m. parietalis fibers, run as quite independent well separated units, possess thicker Z-disks, and lack M-lines. Large amounts of myosatellite cells are associated with these “red” fibers. Triads are located near A/I-junctions in all four fiber types and occur irregularly, the density of triads being different in the various fiber types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307482
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    Ultrastructure of possible sites of ultrafiltration in some gastropoda, with particular reference to the auricle of the freshwater prosobranch Viviparus viviparus L. (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 329-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sites of ultrafiltration ; Gastropoda ; Podocytes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the Gastropoda pressure-ultrafiltration of the blood is assumed to be the first step in urine formation. The most probable site of ultrafiltration is the wall of the heart. Since in other animal groups ultrafilters are characterized by a special cell type, the podocyte, the hearts of two pulmonates (Lymnaea stagnalis, Biomphalaria glabrata) and of four prosobranchs (Viviparus viviparus, Bithynia tentaculata, Ampullaria gigas, Littorina littorea) were ultrastructurally investigated, in order to establish whether or not podocytes occur in these structures. It appeared that only in the wall of the auricle of Viviparus podocytes are present. They form a layer underneath the epicardium, the epithelium covering the auricle. It is assumed that in Viviparus ultrafiltration proceeds in the auricle. The possible route of the pro-urine is discussed. The location of the ultrafilters in the other species studied remains still unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307419
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    Studies on the surface coat of Paramecium aurelia (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 343-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Surface coat (Paramecium aurelia) ; Ruthenium red staining ; Enzyme treatment ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma membrane of Paramecium aurelia is covered with a ruthenium red stainable surface coat. Results obtained after digestion with pronase, trypsin and neuraminidase suggest the glycoprotein nature of this structure. Lipid extraction also affects the surface coat forming material. The results are consistent with the model proposed by Ginsburg and Kobata dealing with spatial configuration of the surface coat components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307420
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  • 125
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    The capillaries of the middle ear mucosa in the guinea pig (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 517-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Middle ear ; Guinea pig ; Capillary permeability ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The middle ear capillaries of the guinea pig have fenestrated endothelium, and the intercellular clefts are closed by tight junctions. Intracardially injected horseradish peroxidase penetrates the fenestrae of the endothelium and gains access to the extra-cellular space beneath the epithelium, and the intercellular clefts of the epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306770
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  • 126
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    Influence de la méthode de fixation sur l'observation des divisions cellulaires dans l'adénohypophyse du rat mâle (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 535-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Rat ; Mitoses, topographic distribution ; Influence of fixation ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les mitoses de l'adénohypophyse du rat mâle ont été examinées comparativement après fixation par perfusion et après fixation par immersion. Après fixation par perfusion la répartition topographique des mitoses dans le parenchyme est homogène, et l'index mitotique est de 1,85 pour 1 000 cellules. Après fixation par immersion, la densité des mitoses décroit de la périphérie vers le centre, et l'index mitotique n'est que de 0,80 mitoses pour 1 000 cellules. La lenteur de pénétration du fixateur pendant l'immersion est tenue pour principal responsable des différences observées. Elle entraîne une modification de l'aspect des mitoses, telle que plus de la moitié d'entre elles ne sont pas identifiables et échappent aux comptages.
    Notes: Summary The mitoses of the adenohypophysis in male rats have been observed comparatively after fixation by perfusion and fixation by immersion. After fixation by perfusion, the topographic distribution of mitoses throughout the parenchyma is homogenous and the mitotic index is 1.85 for 1 000 cells. After fixation by immersion, the density of the mitoses is decreasing from the periphery towards the center and the mitotic index is only 0.80 for 1 000 cells. The slow penetration of the fixative during fixation by immersion is considered to be the main cause in the differences observed. This slow action causes a modification in the aspect of the mitoses, and more than fifty percent of them cannot be identified and escape to the counts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306772
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  • 127
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    Untersuchungen über das Längenwachstum der Skelettmuskulatur von Fischen (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 587-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fish muscle (Macropodus opercularis) ; Myofibril ; Longitudinal growth ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Längenwachstum der Myofibrillen erscheint an terminalen, an das Interstitium grenzenden Myofibrillenabschnitten möglich. Diese Myofibrillenabschnitte weisen unterschiedliche Längen auf. Am kleinsten terminalen Myofibrillenabschnitt ist die Ribosomenkonzentration am höchsten. Mit zunehmender Verlängerung des Abschnittes erkennt man Aktinfilamente, die zwischen den dicht gelagerten Ribosomen liegen. Erreicht der terminale Myofibrillenabschnitt etwa die Länge einer Sarkomere, hat die Ribosomenkonzentration abgenommen, die Filamentanzahl zugenommen. In diesem Stadium treten zwischen den Aktinfilamenten erste Myosinfilamente auf. Eine neue Z-Scheibe entsteht in engem Kontakt mit dem Sarkolemm. Letztere löst sich nach und nach über ihre ganze Länge von der stets schräg ansetzenden Zellmembran. Die Frage nach der Spannungsübertragung an undifferenzierten terminalen Myofibrillenabschnitten wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Longitudinal growth of myofibrils in the skeletal muscle of Macropodus opercularis appears to take place at their terminal parts. Since the Z-disks are arranged in lines and perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis, there are repeated terminal myofibril regions of different lengths following the last complete sarcomere. At the shortest terminal myofibril region, which is apparently the youngest one, ribosome concentration is very high. In the adjacent terminal regions of greater length, which probably represent older ones, actin filaments can be detected among the ribosomes. As soon as the terminal myofibril region approaches the full sarcomere length, the concentration of ribosomes is found to be reduced and the number of filaments increased. At this stage the first myosin filaments are clearly observed among actin filaments. Therefore, during longitudinal growth myosin filaments morphologically appear after the formation of actin filaments, whereas during myofibrillogenesis in the same muscle both types appear simultaneously in the differentiating sarcomere. After the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments into the A- and I-bands, a new Z-disk is formed in close contact with the sarcolemma and gradually detached over its entire length from the inclined cell membrane. The problem of tension transmission via the undifferentiated terminal myofibril regions is discussed in relation to these findings.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306775
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    Collar cells in planula and adult tentacle ectoderm of the solitary coral Balanophyllia regia (anthozoa eupsammiidae) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 57-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Collar cells ; Planula ; Larva, Balanophyllia regia (coral) ; Sense organs ; Evolution ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The planula larva of the solitary coral Balanophyllia regia has an ectoderm of flagellate, diplosomal collar cells. The collar of these cells is composed of a ring of microvilli linked with mucus strands. Four types of flagellate gland cells, three types of nematocyst and spirocysts are present in the planula ectoderm. The function of these ectoderm cells is discussed. The mesogloeal muscular and packing tissues of the planula are briefly described. The tentacle of the adult coral, examined for comparison, has an ectoderm of flattened flagellate cells with a shallow collar. Collar cells similar to those of the planula are occasionally found on the tentacle and their function is not known. Independent sensory cells built on a modified collar cell plan with collar of thickened microvilli are common in the tentacle. These are quite separate from the three kinds of tentacular nematocyte. Distended glandular areas occur in the tentacle ectoderm. The flagellate tentacle gastrodermis, muscle and mesogloeal region are briefly described. The evolutionary significance of collar cell ectoderm in a planula is discussed and the occurrence of collar cells throughout the animal kingdom, reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307189
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    Effects of calcitonin on osteoclasts in vivo (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 75-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclasts ; Calcitonin ; Bone resorption ; Acid phosphatase ; Autophagocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Osteoclasts from the tibial metaphyses of young rats treated with porcine calcitonin were studied by electron microscopy. The animals were sacrificed 1 1/2, 4, 8 or 12 hours after injection of the hormone. In survey sections examined by light microscopy the osteoclasts appeared smaller than in control animals. At the ultrastructural level the osteoclasts showed the following alterations: 1) The typical ruffled border was absent. 2) Acid phosphatase was not present in the extracellular space between cell and bone. 3) The number of large vacuoles was decreased and there was no local accumulation of vacuoles in the cytoplasm. 4) The vacuoles did not contain bone crystals. 5) Vacuoles with cell organelles were increased in number. The majority of these vacuoles were identified as autolysosomes because they contained acid phosphatase and the enclosed cell organelles were partially digested. The above changes were present at all time intervals studied. The findings suggest that calcitonin decreases or inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts. A decreased function of the osteoclasts may contribute to the hypocalcemic effect of the hormone. The increased number of autolysosomes is evidence of an enhanced autophagocytosis. Possible origins of the autolysosomes in osteoclasts are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307190
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    Histologische und quantitative Studien am lumbalen Glykogenkörper der Vögel (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 89-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glycogen body ; Avian lumbar spinal cord ; Aminergic innervation ; Drug treatment ; Glycogen bioassay ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit der Methode von Falck-Hillarp lassen sich im Rückenmark der Vögel Bündel fluoreszierender Nervenfasern nachweisen, die in Höhe des Glykogenkörpers (Lumbalwulst) seitlich an dieses Organ grenzen, von wo aus zahlreiche Fasern in den Glykogenkörper eindringen. Vergleichend-anatomisch gehören die fluoreszierenden Areale des Rückenmarks zu den autonomen Zentren. Es wurde versucht, mit Pharmaka, die das autonome Nervensystem beeinflussen oder Krämpfe erzeugen, das Glykogen des Lumbalwulstes zu mobilisieren (Quantitative Glykogenbestimmung nach Krisman, 1962). Besondere Beachtung verdient die elektronenmikroskopische Feinstruktur der Zwickelräume zwischen den großen Glykogenkörperzellen, wo Ausläufer dieser Zellen und Nervenfasern eng beieinander liegen. Die Kapillaren des Glykogenkörpers werden fast vollständig von Ausläufern seiner Zellen umscheidet.
    Notes: Summary With the method of Falck-Hillarp bundles of fluorescent nerve fibers were observed in the vicinity of the avian lumbar glycogen body. They encompass the glycogen body laterally. Numerous fluorescent fibers penetrate from this border zone into the glycogen. The fluorescent regions of the avian lumbar spinal cord belong to the autonomic centers. Attempts were made to decrease the high glycogen content of the glycogen body by administering drugs which act on the autonomic system, and also by using convulsant drugs. Glycogen was estimated quantitatively by the Krisman method (1962). Electron micrographs show that the triangular spaces between the enlarged cells of the glycogen body are occupied by the processes of these cells and by nerve fibers. The capillaries of the glycogen body are nearly completely ensheathed by the processes of the glycogen-body cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307191
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    On the fine structure of the Octopus iris (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 119-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Iris ; Cephalopod (Octopus vulgaris.) ; Chromatophore ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The Octopus iris is composed of five different layers: A, the external epithelium; B, the chromatophore layer; C, the iridocyte layer; D, the layer of muscles and collagen strands; E, the pigment epithelium. The nerves innervating the sphincter and the chromatophore muscles are identified and their neuromuscular junction is described. The motor endings of chromatophore nerves have an additional ending in presynaptic position which probably functions as a modifier of neuromuscular transmission. The chromatophores are naked and exhibit a tubular channel system between plasmalemma and pigment container which looks similar to the T-system of muscle cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307193
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    The effects of niamid and reserpine on the nerve endings of the pineal gland (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 151-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal gland ; Kitten ; Nerve endings ; Influence of Reserpine, Niamid ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kitten pineal glands were studied cytochemically under normal conditions, after reserpine injection, and after niamid administration. Adrenergic nerve elements were in perivascular spaces while cholinergic terminals were adjacent to pinealocytes, often times in synaptic contact. BA reactions are primarily in dotted vesicles of adrenergic terminals with some reaction in granular vesicles. Positive reaction occurs along neurotubules and membranous structures of adrenergig nerve fibers and terminals indicating membrane-bounded BA's. Niamid increased the number and density of dotted vesicles, and some granular vesicles are increased in density and size. Reserpine produced a loss reaction in dotted vesicles and a loss of vesicle matrix, producing elliptical vesicles. There is loss of reaction of the dotted vesicles, but occasionally, the positive granular reaction remains. Cholinergic terminals demonstrate no changes with either niamid or reserpine. These findings indicate BAs are stored in reserpine sensitive dotted vesicles and membraneous structures. The findings also show that the dotted vesicle matrix is reserpine sensitive and is necessary for storage of the BA's. Possibly biogenic amines cannot be stored or synthesized in terminals unless the matrix of the dotted vesicle is intact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307384
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  • 133
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    A functional unit consisting of an eversible gland with neurosecretory innervation and a proprioreceptor derived from a complex sensillum in an insect (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 503-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect sensilla ; Eversible gland ; Neurosecretory innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The eversible sac of the antennal tip in Hypogastrura socialis (Collembola) has been reconstructed from serial ultrathin sections. The organ contains 3 specialized epidermal glandular cells and the dendrites of 2 sensory cells encapsulated by an enveloping cell. The following features of the system are particularly remarkable and have been analyzed in detail: (1) a neurosecretory innervation of the glandular cells, (2) the structure of the dendritic outer segments within the sac, and (3) the structure of the complex sensillum, from which these dendrites may be derived. The system may be thought of as providing an example of phylogenetic transformation of an exteroceptor into a mechanoreceptive proprioceptor. A functional model is proposed which involves control of the mechanism of evagination as well as of the secretory discharge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306721
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  • 134
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    Fine structure of the gastric epithelium of the ascidian botryllus schlosseri vacuolated and zymogenic cells (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 541-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gastric epithelium ; Ascidia (Botryllus schlosseri) ; Vacuolated and zymogenic cells ; Structure and function ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vacuolated and zymogenic cells, which are two of five cell types identified by electron microscopy in gastric epithelium of B. schlosseri, are described in detail. The vacuolated cells are characterized by one, or a few, supranuclear vacuoles containing myelin figures. A peculiar Golgi apparatus is consistently found at the base of the vacuoles; it consists of cisternae frequently containing small vesicles and tubules of constant diameter and/or a strong electron-opaque material. A variety of vesicles and multivesicular bodies are visible in the apical cytoplasm below long ribbon-like microvilli. The se findings suggest that the vacuolated cells are involved in absorptive and perhaps secretory activity. The zymogenic cells are characterized by a highly developed RER, numerous apical secretory granules and a well developed supranuclear Golgi apparatus. At the apical end, autophagosomes are frequently encountered, some of which contain also zymogen granules. Both cell types contain numerous lipid droplets, which are interpreted as an energy reserve available for the cells and for the entire colony during the change of generation. Correlation between structure and function in both cell types is discussed by taking into account the peculiar life cycle of B. schlosseri, as well as previously reported data on similar cells in other ascidians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306723
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  • 135
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    The fine structure of intracerebral vessels (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 577-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebral arteries ; Cerebral cortex ; Arachnoid ; Pia Mater ; Intercellular junctions ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracerebral vessels of the parietal lobe of the rhesus monkey have been examined by electron microscopy with special reference to the relationship between the leptomeninges and the cerebral cortex. A “perivascular reticular sheath”, in apparent communication with the subarachnoid space surrounds intracerebral arterioles. Myo-endothelial junctions occur in intracerebral arterioles, but no nerve fibres are found in association with such vessels. This indicates that the tone of these vessels may be regulated by chemical mechanisms, possibly mediated through the myo-endothelial junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306725
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  • 136
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    Cell junctions of the human enamel organ (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 69-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human enamel organ ; Ameloblasts ; Cell junctions ; Tooth development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nature and distribution of cell contacts have been examined in the human enamel organ in bell stage. The lateral cell surfaces of secretory ameloblasts are linked at their distal (apical) and proximal (basal) parts by junctional complexes consisting of tight junctions, large intermediate junctions (zonulae adherentes), occasional gap junctions and one or more series of desmosomes. Scattered desmosomes and large gap junctions link epithelial cells of the external enamel epithelium, stellate reticulum, stratum intermedium and internal enamel epithelium including secretory ameloblasts. Furthermore the above-mentioned layers are also linked together by desmosomes and gap junctions. With increasing maturation of the enamel organ an increase in size and number of gap junctions is observed. Some possible implications of the role of the different junctions are considered. The gap junctions probably participate in cell differentiation in the normal morphogenesis of the teeth as well as in metabolic and ionic coupling of the cells of the enamel organ. By means of tight junctions, adjacent secretory ameloblasts cooperate to form a physical barrier which might prevent the diffusion of some types of molecules or substances (e.g. secretory material distally and acid mucopolysaccharides proximally) through the interspaces between the cells. Adhering junctions might assist in regulation of the mechanical properties of the enamel organ as a whole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306759
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  • 137
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    Surface coat and endocytosis of specialized connective tissue cells in pulmonates (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amoebocytes ; Globular cells ; Pulmonates ; Cell coat ; Endocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cell coat of the amoebocytes and globular cells occurring in the connective tissue of Helix pomatia and Cepaea nemoralis was studied with colloidal iron, Thorotrast, ruthenium red and Alcian blue methods. The positive reactions of the entire cell surface of amoebocytes to these cationic dyes indicate the presence of an acid sialic-glycoprotein. The cell coat of the invaginations of globular cells proved to be distinct from the remainder cell surface since it has shown the strongest reaction of ruthenium red. The importance of the cell coat in the mechanism of endocytosis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306763
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  • 138
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    Innervation of the testicular interstitial tissue in reptiles (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 123-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Leydig cells ; Testis ; Innervation ; Reptiles ; Electron microscopy ; Fluorescence microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the tortoise Testudo graeca, the lizards Lacerta dugesi and Lacerta pityusensis, and the snake Natrix natrix, the innervation of the testicular interstitial tissue was studied by light and electron microscopy, the acetylcholinesterase (ache) technique, the Falck-Hillarp method for the detection of catecholamines, and the application of 6-hydroxydopamine. The intertubular spaces of the reptilian testes studied contain adrenergic nerve fibers the amount and distribution of which varies considerably both in various species and in various stages of the reproduction cycle. Nerve fibers do not enter the seminiferous epithelium. Fluorescence microscopy of the lizard testis reveals catecholaminergic varicosities which are mainly arranged around blood vessels, but do not show obvious connexions to Leydig cells. Ache-positive fibers are equally distributed in lizard testes surrounding each seminiferous tubule. In Natrix natrix ache-positive fibers are irregularly spread among groups of tubules, without showing a definite relation to Leydig cells either. By electron microscopy bundles of unmyelinated axons and axon terminals can be more easily detected in the testes of immature animals than in adult. Terminals of nerve fibers containing small (400–500 Å in diameter) and large (800–1400 Å) dense-cored vesicles and sometimes small clear vesicles establish contacts with Leydig cells. Three types of contact are described. 1. “Contacts” par distance at a distance of about 2000 Å and basal lamina interposed; 2. membranous contacts having a 200 Å gap only between axolemma and Leydig cell plasmalemma; 3. invaginations of terminals into Leydig cell perikarya. The latter may exhibit surface specialisations, which strongly resemble postsynaptic membrane thickenings. Experiments using 6-hydroxydopamine underline the adrenergic character of testicular nerve fibers, which can be regarded as another example of non-cholinergic, ache-positive neurons. In the testis of the immature tortoise profiles of axons occur which probably represent purinergic, ache-positive neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306762
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  • 139
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    Nucleolus-like bodies in the neuronal cytoplasm of the mouse arcuate nucleus (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 319-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Mouse ; Arcuate neurons ; Nucleolus-like bodies ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The arcuate nucleus of untreated (control) and castrated adult mice was studied with the electron microscope. Nucleolus-like bodies (NLB) were found in the cytoplasm and occasionally in the dendrites of arcuate neurons. NLB were spherical or ovoid, 0.7–1.5µm in diameter; they were composed of granules 100–150 Å and 200 Å in diameter, and filaments ∼70 Å in diameter. NLB were frequently associated with free ribosomes and cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Light microscopic studies with basic dyes and enzymatic digestions showed that these bodies contained some RNA. There was no significant change in the number of NLB in castrated animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346224
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  • 140
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    Degenerative effects of 6-aminodopamine and 6-hydroxydopamine on peripheral adrenergic nerves (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenergic nerves, arterioles ; Chemical sympathectomy ; 6-aminodopamine, 6-hydroxydopamine ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 6-hydroxydopamine analogue, 6-aminodopamine (6-ADA), was compared with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as a potential agent for chemical sympathectomy. The adrenergic terminals innervating arterioles of the frog retrolingual membrane were used as a test system. Four days after two topical treatments with 0.25 mg/ml of either drug, most of the periarteriolar adrenergic nerves demonstrated swelling, fiber disruption, or a bright beaded appearance in the fluorescence microscope. Treatment with 0.5 mg/ml 6-OHDA abolished all fluorescence. After 0.5 mg/ml 6-ADA, no normal adrenergic fibers were seen, although a few fibers survived and exhibited a beaded appearance. In contrast to 6-OHDA, this higher dose of 6-ADA produced some signs of general tissue toxicity. After treatment with either drug, electron microscopy revealed adrenergic nerves with large electron-opaque structures containing the degenerated remains of large granular vesicles. Nerve areas which contained the degenerating structures occasionally alternated with swollen axonal regions containing many microtubules but no vesicles. Cholinergic nerves showed no evidence of damage. These results suggest that 6-ADA selectively destroys peripheral adrenergic nerves much like 6-OHDA, providing an additional marker for the ultrastructural identification of adrenergic nerves. Their analogous chemical suggest a similar metabolic mechanism for destruction of adrenergic nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346226
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  • 141
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    New cell types of the pancreatic islets in the crucian carp,Carassius carassius (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 425-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic islets ; New cell types ; Teleost ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pancreatic islets ofCarassius carassius have been studied by electron microscopy. 1. Besides A-, B- and D-cells, two new cell types, the fourth and the fifth, have been identified. The fourth cell type is numerous; it occurs interposed among the other types of islet cells or in small clusters. The secretory granules (90–280 mg in diameter) are round or oval and usually with much lower electron density than α- and δ-granules. The secretory granules of the fifth type of cell (approximately 140–240 mμ in diameter) contain finely granular material and an electron dense core that is round or often tetra- or hexagonal. 2. The islet cells with clear cytoplasmic matrix generally contain large numbers of fine, agranular and cored vesicles 400–680 Å in diameter. They appear, in bead-like chains, or randomly scattered throughout the cytoplasm, or often clustered in aggregates close to the secretory granules and show evidence of incorporation into the secretory granules. The two types of vesicles may be formed by constriction or pinching-off of the tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346233
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  • 142
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    Ultrastructure of STH cells of the pars distalis of castrated male mice after hepatectomy (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars distalis ; House ; STH cells ; Castration ; Hepatectomy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study aimed at differentiation between “castration gonadotrophs” and “posthepatectomy STH cells” was performed on the pars distalis of the pituitary of castrated male mice, after partial hepatectomy. The ultrastructural features observed permit the distinction of both cell types. In the present experiments some remarkable ultrastructural changes, other than those described in a previous report, have been found in STH cells of hepatectomized mice with or without previous castration. Most of them contained masses of heterogeneous electron density, suggesting fusion of granules. These masses and some secretion granules were observed close to the plasma membrane, apparently in the process of discharging material into the pericapillary space. Granular extrusion was more frequent than normally. An increased number of lysosomes, probably related to the digestion of overproduced secretion material, was evident. The appearance of concentric lamellar formations might be related to an increase in cell movements. STH cells with severe cytoplasmic damage were also found, indicating an increased rate of cell loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306684
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  • 143
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    Structural connections between dense core vesicles in the central nervous system of Anodonta cygnea L. (mollusca, eulamellibranchia) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 75-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dense core vesicles ; Ultrastructure ; Mollusc ; Nervous system ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy of the cerebro-visceral connectives of Anodonta cygnea shows numerous long rows of dense core vesicles within the smaller axons of the connectives. These vesicles are often linked together by bridges of electron-dense material reinforced by one or more “arms”. The use of the tilting stage on the electron microscope, which allows the bridges to be examined from different angles, confirms the presence of these vesicular connections. Sub-cellular fractionation of the cerebro-visceral connectives was carried out to study the nature of these bridged dense core vesicles. In the negatively stained vesicle fraction two or more dense core vesicles are joined in a row by connections similar to the vesicular bridges of the intact connective. In the fixed vesicle fraction, many of the dense core vesicles are connected by bridges but long rows of bridged vesicles are not seen. The functional significance of the vesicular bridges is discussed. Preliminary findings of this work have been reported previously (McLaughlin and Howes, 1973).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306687
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  • 144
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    Embryogenesis of Calliphora erythrocephala (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 117-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Midgut epithelium ; Calliphora erythrocephala ; (Insect) ; Diptera ; Embryogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes in midgut epithelial cells of Calliphora during the last nine hours of development are described on the basis of a division into four stages. The midgut differentiates into three parts, the anterior midgut part (AMP), the mid-midgut part (MMP), and the posterior midgut part (PMP). The ultrastructure and the developmental changes in it are practically the same in AMP and PMP cells, but the MMP cells show a different pattern. The lateral membrane junctions are more extensive in the MMP than in the AMP and PMP, but the brush-border of MMP cells is less developed. Variations in the number, size, and electron density of vesicles presumably derived from Golgi regions are larger in this part of the midgut than in other parts. Mitochondrial length increases in all three parts of the midgut, as do the nuclear and nucleolar diameters, attended by an increase in the amount of RER. Two other types of cell are found very sporadically in the midgut epithelium, i.e. presumptive larval granular and presumptive imaginal midgut cells. The yolk mass lying in the midgut lumen is considered to be a very active system that can perform many cellular processes. There are important differences in the ultrastructural development of embryonic and pupal midgut epithelial cells, especially in the formation of the brush-border, the elimination of mitochondria, and the storage and consumption of glycogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306689
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  • 145
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    The ultrastructure of the accessory sex organs of the male rat (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate ; Rat ; Castration ; Alterations ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ventral, lateral and dorsal lobes of the rat prostate were studied 2, 3, 5, 7 and 21 days after castration. The major changes were a general reduction of the Golgi area and the RER. The cells became pale and contained less organelles compared with the normals. One of the most conspicuous changes were enormous autophagic vacuoles which were present already after 2 days, seemed to reach a numerical peak 3 days after castration and were seldom encountered after 7 days. Increased number of dense bodies were found within the same period. Lipid droplets were observed in the basal cytoplasm of the epithelial cells, especially in the ventral lobe. The basal cells showed the same involution as in the ordinary epithelium. In addition, macrophages were relatively numerous, and between the epithelial cells also lymphocytes were found. The results are discussed in relation to biochemical data on the different lobes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307300
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  • 146
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    The ultrastructure of the accessory sex organs of the male rat (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Seminal vesicles ; Coagulating Gland ; Rat ; Castration ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The seminal vesicles and the coagulating gland of the rat were studied 2, 3, 5, 7 and 21 days after castration. The major changes within the seminal vesicles were primarily formation of whorls of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), followed by a general atrophy with a numerical reduction of the RER-profiles, and with general simplification of the cytoplasm due to loss of the organelles. It was a gradually reduction of secretion granules, diminution of the Golgi apparatus, formation of pigment bodies and autophagic vacuoles. Lipid droplets were observed in the basal cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. In the coagulating gland, similar changes occurred within the Golgi area and the lysosome complex. On the other hand, cisternae of the basal endoplasmic reticulum tended to persist in many cells. The similarity in response strongly suggests that the pathogenetic mechanisms are similar in both organs, i.e. atrophy due to deprivation of the androgenic stimulus. The deprivation of androgen gave rise to an inflammatory-like process with infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. The increased number of macrophages may indicate that they contribute in some way to the involution of the prostate by removing the material in the autophagic vacuoles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307301
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  • 147
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    The effect of 17-B-estradiol on the fine structure of the adrenergic axons of the rabbit myometrium (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 219-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Autonomic innervation ; Estrogens ; Uterus ; Oviduct ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of 17-B-estradiol on the fine structure of the autonomic nerves of the rabbit oviduct and myometrium were studied by means of KMnO4-fixation. The main changes due to prolonged estrogen treatment were the following: (1) the dimensions of the axons increased, (2) the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the axons increased, (3) the amounts of both large granular vesicles (LGV) and large agranular vesicles (LAV) in the axons increased and (4) electron dense grains were found within the endoplasmic tubuli of the axons. Furthermore, it seems probable that the amount of small granular vesicles was also considerably higher after two weeks of estrogen treatment. The mechanism of estrogen action on the storage of transmitter within the axon is discussed. In conclusion, the present results suggest that both the axoplasmic transport and the peripheral formation of storage sites for noradrenaline are stimulated by the increased estrogen level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307303
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  • 148
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    Untersuchungen zur Ultrastruktur der Choanocyte von Ephydatia fluviatilis L. (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 231-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Choanocyte ; Cilium ; Collar (microvilli) ; Freshwater sponge, Ephydatia fluviatilis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aufgrund elektronenmikroskopischer Befunde wird die Morphologie der Choanocyten des Süßwasserschwammes Ephydatia fluviatilis beschrieben. Die Choanocyte besteht aus Zelleib, Geißel und Kragen. Der Zelleib ist gekennzeichnet durch einzelne Zisternen des endoplasmatischen Reticulums, die der basalen und zum Teil der lateralen Zellmembran parallel anliegen. Die kontraktilen Vakuolen der Choanocyten entleeren ihren Inhalt in das Lumen der Geißelkammer. In einigen Choanocyten kann senkrecht zum Basalkörper ein Procentriol nachgewiesen werden. Die Geißel zeichnet sich durch Plasmaleisten und Fahnen aus. Die den Kragen aufbauenden etwa 35 „Fibrillen“ werden als Mikrovilli gedeutet. Vereinzelt tritt an der Basis des Kragens ein Faltenmuster auf.
    Notes: Summary The morphology of the choanocytes of the freshwater sponge, Ephydatia fluviatilis, is described on the basis of electron microscope studies. The cell body of the choanocytes bears a cilium and a collar. In the cell body characteristic single cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum are found in juxtaposition with the basal and lateral plasmalemmata. The contractile vacuoles extrude their contents into the lumen surrounded by the collar chamber. In some choanocytes a procentriole is found in addition to the typical basal body. The cilium of the choanocytes is characterized by cytoplasmic crests and thread-like extensions. The collar is formed by approximately 35 microvilli which show a peculiar arrangement. Occasionally, the basis of the collar displays cytoplasmic folds.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307304
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  • 149
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    Electron microscopical studies on the structure, phagocytic properties, and peroxidatic activity of resident and exudate peritoneal macrophages in the guinea pig (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 247-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Resident peritoneal macrophages ; Exudate peritoneal macrophages ; Phagocytosis ; Peroxidatic activity ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparative study on the fine structure, phagocytic properties, and peroxidatic activity of guinea pig resident peritoneal macrophages and the monocytes and macrophages present in experimentally induced sterile peritoneal exudates is reported. A number of fine-structural characteristics of the resident macrophages are described, including a peculiar configuration of the cell surface termed “loops”. The structure of these loops suggests the existence of a cell coat on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. The following observations were also made. Exudate monocytes differ from resident peritoneal macrophages mainly by the limitation of peroxidatic activity to cytoplasmic granules. The resident peritoneal macrophages have peroxidatic activity in the endoplasmic reticulum, the nuclear envelope, the annulate lamellae, and some of the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. Macrophages derived from exudate monocytes do not show the same distribution of peroxidatic activity as the resident peritoneal macrophages. Both types of macrophages are highly active in the uptake of exogenous material. The functional significance of these observations is discussed and the conclusion is drawn that peritoneal exudates contain two different types of macrophages: resident macrophages and exudate macrophages.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307305
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  • 150
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    Ultrastructure of the sexual segments of the kidney in male and female lizards, Cnemidophorus l. lemniscatus (L.) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 325-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Sexual accessory organs ; Reptiles ; Secretion ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kidneys of adult male and female lizards were studied by electron microscopy, in order to understand the ultrastructure of the collecting duct and a differentiated part thereof, the sexual segment, which is an important accessory sexual organ. First portion of sexual segment in males: The cells are filled with large secretory granules of a wide range of opacities. The granular endoplasmic reticulum is abundant; basal formations of superimposed flat cisternae are frequent. Distended vesicles and microvesicles prevail in the supranuclear, well developed Golgi apparatus. Evidences indicate that secretion of these cells is holocrine. Second portion of sexual segment in males: All of the secretory granules are apical in location and relatively electron-opaque; they show a denser core. This core is formed by a substance which, after lying in contact with ribosomes, enters the secretory vesicles of the highly developed Golgi apparatus. A lighter substance is then condensed around it. The secretion of the granules is merocrine. The granular endoplasmic reticulum is very abundant in these cells, but basal ergastoplasmic formations are lacking. Sexual segment in females: The cells show features similar to those of the male first portion, but they are smaller. Undifferentiated collecting duct: Most of the cells are mucigenic. They have small ovoid, apical secretory granules. The density of the granules varies from cell to cell; when they are electron-lucent, they exhibit laminar or dotted opaque figures. Moderately developed Golgi apparatus and granular endoplasmic reticulum, as well as elongated mitochondria, occur in mucigenic cells. Intercalated among the latter are non-secretory cells. They have very abundant mitochondria, numerous microvilli, many pinocytic and smooth-membrane vesicles, whereas the organelles participating in synthetic processes are poorly developed; their function is most likely related to active solute transport.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307580
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  • 151
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    Pinocytose und Bewegung von Amöben (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 97-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amoeba proteus ; Adsorptive function of mucoid layer ; Significance for induced endocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Mucoidschicht von Amoeba proteus enthält saure Mucopolysaccharide und ist funktionell einem Kationenaustauscher vergleichbar. Schwermetallpartikel und Proteine werden in Abhängigkeit vom pH-Wert des Kulturmediums in unterschiedlich starken Mengen an die Mucoidfilamente gebunden. Die dem Plasmalemm unmittelbar aufliegende globuläre Grundschicht besitzt dagegen für die untersuchten Substanzen keine Adsorptionsfunktion und unterscheidet sich demnach sowohl physiologisch als auch chemisch von der filamentartigen Zone. Quantitative Messungen über die pH-abhängige Anlagerung von Ferritin haben ergeben, daß die Mucoidfilamente in der Lage sind, Kationen aus dem Kulturmedium bis zu einer um das 17fache höheren Konzentration anzureichern. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Untersuchung sprechen dafür, daß die Anreicherung derartiger Substanzen an der Zelloberfläche eine notwendige und physiologisch sinnvolle Voraussetzung für die Auslösung einer induzierten Endocytose darstellt.
    Notes: Summary The mucoid layer of Amoeba proteus contains acid mucopolysaccharides, which are involved in the exchange of cations. Depending on the pH of the external medium, different amounts of heavy metal particles and proteins are bound to the mucoid filaments. The globular ground layer, which is directly apposed to the plasma membrane does not bind any of the substances studied and, therefore, differs from the mucoid filaments in function as well as chemical nature. Measurements of the pH-dependent adsorption of ferritin demonstrate that the mucoid filaments are able to accumulate cations in concentrations 17 times that of the external medium. These results suggest that the accumulation of substances at the cell surface is a prerequisite for the initiation of induced endocytosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307051
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  • 152
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    Electron microscopic study on the thyroid gland of the salamander Hynobius nebulosus in the breeding season (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 177-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid gland (Salamander) ; Epithelial cells ; Fine structure ; Vacuolar bodies ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The thyroid gland of adult salamanders, Hynobius nebulosus, in the breeding season was studied by electron microscopy. The follicular cells are different in cell height and fine structures; the taller cells with many cell organelles and granules and the lower cells with a few cell organelles and granules are both present in the same follicle. In the cytoplasm, three types of membrane-bounded granules, namely, cytosomes, colloid droplets, and vacuolar bodies and circular membrane complexes occur. The vacuolar bodies are subdivided into two types; the ordinary type having loosely distributed particles and the specific type containing tubules and/or closely packed filaments, crystalloid structures, except for the particles. The chromophobe colloids within the Bensley-cells correspond to extremely large, ordinary type vacuolar bodies, while the Langendorff-colloid cells possess increased numbers of granular cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and a ribosome-rich, dense cytoplasmic matrix but not extremely large colloid. The intracytoplasmic circular membrane complexes appear in the Golgi area of cytosome-rich cells. It is suggested that they originate from the Golgi apparatus which was activated to produce many cytosomes. Intranuclear inclusions consisting of microtubules and filaments and tight junctions between two adjacent lateral plasma membranes are occasionally encountered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307429
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  • 153
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    Dense-core vesicles in motor nerve terminals (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 425-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle innervation ; Myxine glutinosa (L.) ; Dense-core vesicles ; Monoamine fluorescence ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Motor nerve terminals on “white” and “intermediate” muscle fibers of the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.) contain translucent synpatic vesicles and about 1–2% dense-core vesicles. Terminals on “red” muscle fibers contain up to 40% dense-core vesicles with diameter 800–1100 Å. Examinations for formaldehyde-induced fluorescence indicate yellow fluorescence (5-HT ?) apparently corresponding with terminal axons on “red” muscle fibers in craniovelar muscles. Possibly “red” muscle fibers of Myxine receive monoaminergic innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307028
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  • 154
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    Ultrastructure of the pseudohermaphrodite rat testis (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 473-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testicular feminization ; Rat ; Leydig cells ; Sterility ; Androgens, Steroids ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interstitial cells of the pseudohermaphrodite rat testis are both hypertrophic and hyperplastic. The cytoplasm is characterized by smooth endoplasmic reticulum which is abundant and variable in form. Mitochondria are numerous and large with tubular cristae and occasional inclusions. Structural features of the Leydig cells indicate potential for increased steroid synthesis. The presence of large numbers of mast cells in the intertubular area is confirmed. Small seminiferous tubules lack advanced germinal elements. Additional connective tissue and myoepithelial layers produce a thickening of the limiting membrane. Some myoepithelial cells are atypical with an electron translucent cytoplasm and nuclei with dense peripheral chromatin. No spermatogenic cells beyond the cap phase of the spermatid are observed. The cytoplasm of Sertoli cells contains large lipid droplets and degenerating germ cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306674
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  • 155
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    Evidence for basal secretion in the subcommissural organ of the adult rabbit (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 223-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ (SCO) ; Basal secretion, Lateral secretion ; Extracellular spaces (ECS) ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological evidence is presented supporting the possibility of basal secretion into hypendymal capillaries of the adult rabbit subcommissural organ (SCO). The synthetic apparatus of the SCO cell is described as well as the heterogeneous granules and vesicles which are concentrated in the basal processes bordering a widened perivascular space. The origin of the electron dense granules, of which two fairly distinct subgroups are found, is discussed. A binding of secretory sacs to the lateral plasma membrane is seen. The possibility of a lateral secretion is supported by the presence of a system of extracellular channels between SCO cells which are filled with a flocculent material resembling that of the secretory sacs. Nerve perikarya which are separated from the SCO by only a few glial fibers are demonstrated. Synapses are described in nerve fascicles bordering on the hypendymal capillaries. The possibility of an innervation of the hypendymal region is discussed as well as possible nervous connections with the pineal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307034
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  • 156
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    Effects of colchicine on release of neurosecretory material from the posterior pituitary gland of the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 443-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Posterior Pituitary gland ; Colchicine ; Axoplasmic flow ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of colchicine on the release of neurosecretory material from the posterior pituitary gland was investigated in the rat in vivo and in vitro. Colchicine was administered subarachnoidally when neurophysin, radiolabelled by injection of (35S) cysteine into the supraoptic nucleus, had accumulated in the neural lobe. Dehydration for 3 days of non-colchicine-treated rats was followed by a 100% reduction of neurophysin-bound radioactivity. When colchicine was given prior to dehydration, the reduction of radioactive neurophysin was less marked. Colchicine treatment alone was likewise followed by a lowering of protein-bound radioactivity in the neural lobe, which may indicate that colchicine, in addition to blocking the rapid axonal transport of neurosecretory material, also impedes the slow transport. The release of radioactive neurophysin in response to depolarizing concentration of potassium in vitro was diminished in the presence of colchicine, the reduction being most pronounced after colchicine treatment in vivo. The biochemical data prove the view that colchicine inhibits the release of neurosecretory material from the neural lobe. The ultrastructural findings support the biochemical data. Thus, colchicine treatment alone or followed by dehydration induced a marked increase in the number of organelles, especially of mitochondria and dense bodies. There was a marked increase in the number of enlarged axons filled with dammed organelles in the infundibulum and neurohypophysis. There was an accumulation of dense core vesicles and microvesicles in the axonal terminals in the neurohypophysis after treatment with either colchicine or colchicine followed by dehydration, which indicates an impediment of the release process. Dehydration alone induced a depletion of the dense core vesicles in the terminals. Out from the combined biochemical and ultrastructural findings possible mechanisms for the action of colchicine are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306709
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  • 157
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    Identification of adenohypophysiotropic neurohormone producing neurosecretory cells in Rana temporaria (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 479-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence (Frog) ; Tubero-hypophysial system ; Neurosecretory axon types ; Release phenomena ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of electron microscopy, in the median eminence of Rana temporaria, the terminal arborizations of axons of six different types of neurosecretory cells, located in the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum, were identified. In addition, phenomena connected with the release of neurosecretory material from the axon terminals of these neurosecretory cells into the blood capillaries of the median eminence are described. Preliminary results suggested the existence, in the median eminence, of additional different neurosecretory axon types which could also belong to corresponding neurosecretory cell types probably located in the apical part of the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum. Moreover, in the external region of the normal median eminence, separate monoaminergic nerve fibres were tentatively identified. Arguments are adduced which plead (1) against the assumption that the ependyma or the pituicytes of the median eminence could produce adenohypophysiotropic hormones; (2) against the inference that the ependymal cells of the median eminence might be involved in the transport of adenohypophysiotropic hormones from the cerebrospinal fluid into the blood capillaries of the median eminence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306711
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  • 158
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    Topochemischer Nachweis von carbonylhaltigen Verbindungen im Thymus (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 465-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rabbit thymus ; Ketosteroids ; Granulated cells ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Topochemisch konnten im Kaninchenthymus Ketosteroide nachgewiesen werden, für deren Vorhandensein die chemische Analyse von Thymuslipidextrakten Hinweise ergeben hatte. Die Darstellung der Ketosteroide erfolgte mit der NAHD-Reaktion (Camber, 1949). Diese Befunde dürften als spezifisch gelten, da eine Verfälschung durch freie Gewebsaldehyde, Plasmalogene (Gomori, 1952) und Corticosteroide (Khanolkar et al., 1958) ausgeschlossen wurde. Mit Hilfe der Camber-Methode konnten Granula bestimmter Zellen des Kaninchenthymus selektiv dargestellt werden, die auf Grund morphologischer Kriterien in zwei Gruppen unterteilt wurden. Die Zellen liegen im gesamten Thymusparenchym sowie im Bindegewebe der Septen und der sogenannten „Kapsel“. Prädilektionsorte stellen die Umgebung der Hassallschen Körperchen, die Mark-Rinden-Grenze, der intra- und perivasale Raum sowie die subkapsuläre Zone dar. Beide Zellgruppen sind Sudan III-, PAS- und Eosin-positiv, besitzen eine ausgeprägte gelbgrüne Eigenfluoreszenz und können differentialdiagnostisch gegen Mastzellen abgegrenzt werden. Elektronenmikroskopisch zeigen beide Zellgruppen zahlreiche Übereinstimmungen mit Reifestadien eosinophiler Knochenmarkszellen.
    Notes: Summary Ketosteroids were demonstrated topochemically in the rabbit thymus following indications given by chemical analysis of thymus lipid extracts. They were revealed by means of the NAHD-reaction (Camber, 1949). The results are thought to be specific, because adulteration by free tissue aldehydes, plasmalogens (Gomori, 1952) and corticosteroids (Khanolkar et al., 1958) can be excluded. The Camber-method selectively reveals the presence of two groups of morphologically differentiable granules in specific rabbit thymus cells which are distributed throughout the entire thymic parenchyme as well as in the connective tissue of the septa and the in so-called “capsule”. They are mainly seen in the vicinity of Hassall's bodies, in the zone between medulla and cortex, the intra- and perivascular space and in the subcapsular space. Both cell groups are Sudan III-, PAS- and eosin-positive, show intensive yellow-green primary fluorescence and can be distinguished from mast cells by differential diagnosis. Electron microscopy reveals that both cell groups show many similarities with the maturation phase of bone marrow eosinophils.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306710
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  • 159
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    New results on the ultrastructure of frog rod outer segments (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Frog (Retina) ; Rod, Outer Segments ; Method of preparation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibrils are demonstrated as an ultrastructural component in ultrathin sections of frog rod outer segments by a modified method of preparation which leads to partial contrast reversal. The relationship between these results and those obtained by conventional treatment leading to positive contrast, is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307450
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  • 160
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    The effect of chlorpromazine and tetracaine on the rapid axonal transport of neurosecretory material in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 71-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Axonal transport ; Neurosecretion ; Posterior pituitary ; Anesthetics ; Chlorpromazine ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of chlorpromazine (cpz) and tetracaine (tc) on the rapid axonal transport of neurosecretory material (NSM) in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system was investigated. Following subarachnoidal injection of these drugs, the incorporation of (35S) cysteine into proteins of the supraoptic nucleus was slightly depressed. The protein-bound radioactivity in the posterior pituitary was markedly lowered in experimental rats which indicates a partial blockage of the rapid axonal transport of NSM along the hypothalamoneurohypophysial tract. Both cpz and tc induced an increase in the number of mitochondria and profiles of granular endoplasmic reticulum. The axons in the infundibulum and neurohypophysis were enlarged by dammed organelles, indicating a blockage of axonal transport. There was an increased number of microvesicles, often arranged in a crystalloid pattern, in the terminals. The number and distribution of neurotubuli and neurofilaments were not changed. A possible stimulatory effect of cpz on the release of NSM from the neural lobe is assumed Possible mechanisms for the action of mitotic inhibitors, transquilizers and local anesthetics are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307452
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  • 161
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    Haemocyanin production in pore cells of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 443-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Haemocyanin ; Pore cells ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron micrographs of pore cells of Lymnaea stagnalis suggest that these cells produce and store haemocyanin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307166
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  • 162
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    Fine structure and innervation of the avian adrenal gland (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 417-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal chromaffin cells ; Birds ; Cholinergic innervation ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary According to their ultrastructure and histochemistry three types of efferent nerve fibers can be distinguished in the bird's adrenal gland. The main part is made up of cholinergic fibers recognizable by a positive reaction for acetylcholinesterase and two specific populations of granules within the synaptic ending. Synaptic vesicles measuring 300 to 500 Å in diameter and dense-cored vesicles with a diameter of about 1 000 Å are discernible. In the periphery of the gland cholinergic axons for the innervation of adrenal cells form large bundles surrounded by a perineural sheath. The bundles cross the capsule and are situated within the adrenal chromaffin cords or at their periphery. Finally small groups of fibers enter a group of chromaffin cells which are surrounded by a basal lamina and which consist of about a dozen or more cells producing adrenaline and noradrenaline. Synaptic endings occur, above all in passeriform species, in the center of a chromaffin cell complex. They are either attached to the innervated cells or their dendrite-like processes, or embedded into the cells, or connected to short spines of the innervated cells. Synaptic and dense-cored vesicles leave the bouton by exocytosis. One synaptic terminal may innervate up to three A- or NA-cells. The existence of different types of synapses for A- and NA-cells cannot be excluded.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307165
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  • 163
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    Ultrastructure of motor nerve terminals on different types of muscle fibers in the atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa, L.) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1973), S. 87-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Motor nerve terminals ; Myxine glutinosa (L.) ; Elongated vesicle profiles ; Dense-core vesicles ; Fixation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary “White” and “intermediate” parietal muscle fibers of Myxine are innervated focally at one end. Most synaptic vesicles are “empty”. These terminals also contain 1–2% large 800–1.100 Å dense-core vesicles. “Red” fibers of parietal and craniovelar muscle are innervated in a distributed fashion, and the presynaptic profiles contain a higher number of large dense-core vesicles (averaging 9% and 15%, respectively; up to 37%). For all terminals the synaptic gap is 450–600 Å wide, and postsynaptic folds are absent. “Empty” synaptic vesicles exist as round or elongated profiles. The proportion of elongated profiles increases by formation from round ones when increasing the molarity of the buffer in the aldehyde fixative. Furthermore, the proportion of elongated vesicle profiles in terminals on Myxine “white” fibers at different buffer molarities, is identical with that in mammalian motor terminals at similar molarities. On this basis the significance and mode of formation of elongated vesicle profiles is discussed. The conclusion is made that the susceptibility of “flattening” depends on the osmotic pressure of the vesicle contents once the aldehyde has influenced the vesicle membrane. The different vesicle populations in terminals on different types of muscle fibers are significant. Terminals on “red” fibers probably contain serotonin (5-HT) either as sole transmitter or in addition to acetylcholine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306602
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  • 164
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    Nucleolus-like inclusions in neuronal perikarya and processes: Phase and electron microscope observations on the hypothalamus of the mouse (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 329-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei ; Nucleolus-like cytoplasmic inclusions ; Albino mouse ; Phase microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die ventromedialen Hypothalamuskerne von Mäusen nach Goldthioglucose-Injektion und von Kontrollmäusen wurden phasenoptisch und elektronen-mikroskopisch untersucht. Die neuronalen Perikaryen und Fortsätze enthielten nucleolusähnliche, phasenkontrast- und elektronenmikroskopisch sichtbare Einschlußkörper. Diese bestanden aus rundlichen, nicht membranbegrenzten Anhäufungen eines granulär oder filamentär erscheinenden Materials von unterschiedlicher Dichte. Gelegentlich wurden auch längliche Formen beobachtet. Sogar in stark geschädigten Nervenzellen waren die Einschlüsse noch als relativ gut erhaltene Strukturen zu erkennen. Es wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, daβ die nucleolusähnlichen Körper eine Depot- oder Transitform von schnell verfügbarem Material darstellen, welches entweder in den Perikaryen angehäuft oder in den Fortsätzen zum Ort der Verwendung und/oder Freisetzung transportiert wird.
    Notes: Summary The ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei of goldthioglucose-treated and control mice were examined by phase and electron microscopy. Neuronal perikarya and processes contained nucleolus-resembling inclusion bodies detectable by phase and electron microscopy. The inclusions consisted of round unbounded masses of granular- or filamentous-appearing material of variable density. Elongated forms were occasionally seen. Even in damaged nerve cell bodies and processes the inclusions were recognizable as relatively well-preserved structures. The hypothesis is presented that they represent a storage or transit form of readily available material which is either piled up in the perikaryon or moved along its processes before being finally used and/or released.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346225
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  • 165
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    Fine structure and innervation of the avian adrenal gland (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 403-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Avian interrenal gland ; Cholinergic innervation ; P-type nerve fibers ; Adrenergic terminals ; 6-OHDA ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In all bird species investigated interrenal cells are reached by cholinergic nerve fibers forming synapses without postsynaptic membrane thickenings at their basis, more rarely at the lateral or apical cell surfaces. The density of innervation is considerably low if compared to the adrenal chromaffin organ; it is about 3 mm nerve length per 1 mm3 interrenal tissue in the house sparrow, 5 in the domestic fowl and 8 inCorvus frugilegus. P-type fibers which are only rarely to be seen also penetrate the basal lamina surrounding interrenal cells. Adrenergic fibers are only found outside the basal lamina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346231
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  • 166
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    Morphometric classification of the neurosecretory granules in the rat pars nervosa (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 463-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory granule ; Pars nervosa ; Rat ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of the diameters of the neurosecretory granules in the rat pars nervosa (measured from electron micrographs taken at 40 000 × ) was compared among axons by nonparametric statistical methods and the axons were classified into five groups with median granule diameters of 143, 155, 167, 180 and 193 nm. We suggested that these five axon types carried different secretory substances contained in the pars nervosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347176
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  • 167
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    The structure of the salivary gland of the moth (Manduca sexta) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 553-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Salivary gland Moth ; Protein secretion ; Fluid secretion ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The salivary glands of the moth,Manduca sexta, are described, emphasizing correlations between structure and function in an attempt to explain the production of a dilute saliva. Each of the paired glands consists of five distinct regions: protein secreting, fluid secreting, thin duct, bulbous duct, and common duct. Each region constists of a single, ultrastructurally distinct, cell type. It is proposed that the protein and fluid secreting regions produce an enzyme-containing primary saliva isosmotic with the haemolymph; this saliva is modified in the remaining regions of the gland to yield a dilute saliva.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347183
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  • 168
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    Ultrastructural changes in the coronet cells of the saccus vasculosus from rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (Richardson), kept in sea water (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 271-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Saccus vasculosus ; Rainbow trout ; Coronet cell ; Sea water adaptation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The coronet cells of saccus vasculosus of fresh-water living and sea-water adapted rainbow trout were studied with the electron microscope, with special regard to changes in the latter group. Only quantitative differences were observed, namely a raised number of mitochondria in the apical region and the head and also a concentration of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum with a higher amount of electron-dense material and vesicles around the Golgi saccules. Together, these findings suggest a secretory function for the coronet cell. A supposed transport of vesicles from the head region of the coronet cell out into the globules is suggested. Interrelation between primary and secondary vesicles is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306526
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    Elektronenmikroskopische und histochemische Untersuchungen zur Funktion der Branchialdrüse (Parabranchialdrüse) der Cephalopoda (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 253-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Branchial gland ; Cephalopoda ; Fine structure ; Hemocyanin ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Branchialdrüse verschiedener Cephalopoden (Sepia officinalis, Octopus vulgaris, Loligo vulgaris, Eledone moschata) zeigen, daß das Drüsengewebe des stark vaskularisierten Organs aus einem sekretorisch aktiven Zelltypus mit ausgeprägtem endoplasmatischen Retikulum besteht. In den Zisternen des endoplasmatischen Retikulums lassen sich granuläre und ringförmige Strukturen (Durchmesser: 45–65 Å und 170 Å) nachweisen, die in Größe und Gestalt mit den Hämocyanin-Einheiten in den Gefäßen und Lakunen übereinstimmen und durch randlichen Zerfall der Zellen in den Blutraum auszuwandern scheinen. Die histochemischen Untersuchungen ergeben eine positive Reaktion für Monoaminoxydase, aber vergleichsweise geringe Phosphatase- und Dehydrogenase-Aktivitäten. Diese Befunde sowie der histochemisch nachgewiesene hohe Kupfergehalt des Drüsengewebes sprechen für eine hämopoetische, d.h. hämocyaninbildende Funktion der Kiemendrüse.
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic investigations on the branchial gland of different Cephalopoda (Sepia officinalis, Octopus vulgaris, Loligo vulgaris, Eledone moschata) show that the gland tissue, strongly vascularized, consists of an actively secreting cell type with a remarkable endoplasmatic reticulum. In the cisternae of the endoplasmatic reticulum granular and ring-shaped structures can be identified (diameter: 45–65 Å and 170 Å) which correspond in size and shape with the hemocyanin units in the vessels and lacunae and which seem to emigrate into the blood space caused by the peripheral decay of the cells. Histochemical investigations show a positive reaction for monoaminoxidase, but comparatively low phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities. These results, and also the high content of histochemically identified copper in the gland tissue, seem to indicate a hemopoetic, i.e. hemocyanin-forming function for the branchial gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306525
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  • 170
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    Ultrastructure of the rat neural lobe during recovery from hypertonic saline treatment (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 361-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohypophysis ; Rat ; Saline-treatment ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neural lobes from rats which had been allowed to drink hypertonic saline for five days were examined electron microscopically and by bioassay of oxytocin levels. The profound changes in the ultrastructure were examined and the reversal of these changes in morphology was followed until the hormone levels returned to normal. The recovery of the gland as measured by the two parameters of structure and hormone content indicated that the morphological recovery apparently preceded the hormone level recovery, a factor which might be explained by continued release of hormone during the period of recovery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307209
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  • 171
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    Evolution des glandes prothoraciques de larves permanentes de Locusta migratoria obtenues par irradiation sélective du tissu hématopoïétique (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect molting ; Hemocytopoietic tissue ; Prothoracic glands ; Irradiation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has been shown in previous studies that the endocrine control of molting is blocked by selective X-irradiation of the hemocytopoietic tissue of young last instar larvae of Locusta migratoria, the treated animals surviving as larvae for months without ever initiating a molt. The aim of the present study is to determine, on both a morphological and a physiological basis, if the block is related to a precocious functional involution of the prothoracic glands, known to elaborate a molting hormone. The prothoracic glands of normal animals clearly show morphological signs of functional involution during the late fifth (last) larval instar and degenerate completely some days after the imaginal molt. In the prothoracic glands of X-ray treated animals (selective irradiation of the hemocytopoietic tissue, the prothoracic glands being shielded), the signs of intense secretory activity persist up to 40 days following the irradiation. No signs of involution could ever be noticed in the prothoracic glands of such larvae. The irradiation of the hemocytopoietic tissue thus not only blocks molting, but also prevents the normal involution of the prothoracic glands. Extirpation of the prothoracic glands in young larvae of Locusta is known to result in the inhibition of the subsequent molt. Implantation of prothoracic glands from normal donors of the same age restores molting in fifth instar larvae previously deprived of their own glands. Using these results in physiological assays for the implanted prothoracic glands, we chose as donors irradiated animals of different ages and young normally developing adults. The prothoracic glands of irradiated animals fully retain their physiological activity after the X-ray treatment and are able to induce molting in larvae deprived of their own glands. It appears that the radiosensitive cells of the hemocytopoietic tissue of Locusta produce a substance which, while having no overt influence on the functioning of the prothoracic glands, is necessary for molting and probably acts in synergy with the prothoracic factor (molting hormone).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307211
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  • 172
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    Germ cell degeneration and intercellular bridges in the human fetal ovary (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Germ cell ; Human degeneration ; Intercellular bridges ; Oogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intercellular bridges between developing germ cells were observed in human fetal ovaries at 10 to 20 weeks gestation. Bridges were frequently found between cells in early stages of degeneration, with similar regressive changes being present in the conjoined cells. In advanced stages of cellular degeneration, bridges were less frequently found and were generally distorted and partially disrupted. Similarity in appearance of adjacent degenerating cells was common, even in late stages of degeneration. These observations suggest that cellular interconnection may be responsible for synchronous degeneration of germ cells during oogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307075
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  • 173
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    The fine structure of the pancreatic nerves of the domestic fowl (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 501-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Fowl ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the pancreatic nerves of the domestic fowl has been studied. Naked axon beadings were found in membranous contact with endocrine as well as exocrine cells. From an anatomical point of view it seems reasonable to suggest that the endocrine glands might be subjected to some influence of the autonomic nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307366
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  • 174
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    Unique sensory endings in rat muscle spindles (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 511-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle spindle ; Sensory ending ; Rat ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A fine structural study of sternothyroid muscle spindles of young adult rat demonstrates the rare occurrence of unique nerve endings. These endings are situated in the juxta-equatorial region of nuclear-bag fibers, adjacent to the annulo-spiral sensory endings. They consist of a bundle of terminal axons less than 0.3 μ in diameter and appear to be disposed nearly longitudinally to the axis of the intrafusal fibers. Whereas, the annulo-spiral endings consist of a single axon, coiling around the intrafusal fibers. Transverse sections of these muscle spindles reveal these unique endings scattered around the muscle fibers, fitting into depressions on their surface. The innermost axons directly face the muscle surface and are separated by a narrow gap less than 200 Å in width. No Schwann cell process appears to be associated with these endings. From their unique multi-axonal composition, these endings are termed “bundled endings”. Investigations of developing muscle spindles show the occasional presence of a similar multi-axonal composition of sensory endings in perinatal rats. It is suggested that “bundled endings” are sensory in nature, carrying an immature feature over to adult life.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307367
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  • 175
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    Lymphoid stem cell identification in the developing thymus and bursa of fabricius of the chick (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 521-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; Bursa of Fabricius ; Chick embryo ; Lymphoid precursor cell, Lymphoid cell homing ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lymphoid precursor cell structure in the earliest stages of lymphoid development of the chick thymus and bursa of Fabricius was investigated light- and electron microscopically. The first lymphoid precursor cells around (8 days' incubation) and within (9 days') the epithelial thymus show the morphological features of motile cells, viz. pseudopodia and cytoplasmic bundles of filaments. Subsequent differentiation into lymphoid cells includes disappearance of pseudopodia and filaments, and appearance of a layer of marginal condensed heterochromatin in the nuclei. The first lymphoid precursor cells in the bursa mesenchyme (11 days' incubation) and bursa epithelial bud (12 days') are also characterized as motile cells; the intra-vascular lymphoid cells (13 days') of the bursa, though resembling the lymphoid cells in other localizations, lack their irregular cytoplasmic contours. The motile lymphoid cells in the early stages of lymphoid development of the chick thymus and bursa are not identical, but are distinguished by their cytoplasmic and nuclear organization: endoplasmic reticulum profiles and marginal heterochromatin, present in lymphoid cells of the bursa, are absent in those of the thymus. These and other data suggest that thymus and bursa lymphoid cells originate in different haemopoietic organs, those of the thymus in the yolk sac and those of the bursa in the spleen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307368
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  • 176
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    The fine structure of the branchial heart appendage of the cephalopod Octopus dofleini martini (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 545-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pericardial gland ; Octopus ; Excretory organ ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The branchial heart appendage of Octopus dofleini martini has been investigated electron microscopically. This organ is dominated by peripherally lobed blood sinuses. It contains free hemocyanin (often aligned in rows), amoebocytes, endothelial cells, and muscle cells which occur mainly in connection with neurons. The neurons are often exposed to the blood. The blood sinuses are enclosed by a basement membrane which contains collagen equivalents and fine fibrillar elements. The sinuses are covered by two different epithelia: 1) the epithelium in the caoity of the appendage consisting of irregularly shaped cells with processes, the so called (∼ 30 μ high) podocytes, and 2) the epithelium (∼ 40 μ in height) on the surface of the organ, which is composed of two parts: a) a “lacuna”-forming portion directly adjacent to the basement membrane, which is topped by b) a continuous tissue portion with occasional “lacuna”-canals. The intercellular spaces of the inner and outer epithelium are connected. The structures of these epithelial cells are discussed in relation to the formation of the pericardial fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307370
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  • 177
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    Annular nucleolus in Leydig cells of mouse (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Leydig cells ; Mouse ; Ring-shaped nucleolus ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Many mature Leydig cells of adult mice contain annular nucleoli. In the cytoplasm of these cells, there is an abundance of agranular endoplasmic reticulum and its modifications, i.e. membranous whorls and double-walled tubules. By contrast, the cytoplasm of Leydig cells with compact nucleoli shows abundant free ribosomes and granular endoplasmic reticulum. It is assumed that the granular endoplasmic reticulum shifts to the agranular endoplasmic reticulum and its modifications during the differentiation of the Leydig cell. For the maturation of the Leydig cell the annular nucleoli may play an important role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307428
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  • 178
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    Ultrastructural observations on membranous structures in developing mouse oocytes (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovum ; Mouse ; Membranes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies have revealed the presence of unusual membrane complexes within developing mouse oocytes. These structures, most obvious 18 days post fertilization, are found in the nucleus or cytoplasm of cells in meiotic prophase. The complexes, usually found in small groups, are characterized by a slightly bowed appearance, and a thin middle section that is vesiculated at each end. At high magnification the middle section exhibits a pentalaminar structure similar to tight junctional complexes, while the looped membranes of the vesiculated ends are trilaminar in appearance. In addition to being free in the nucleoplasm or cytoplasm, the complexes are also seen in continuity with the inner and outer leaflets of the nuclear envelope, and with typical membranes forming cytoplasmic tubular systems. The possible formation of these complexes from blebs or vesicles derived from the nuclear envelope is presented and the role that these structures may play in developing oocytes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307427
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  • 179
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    Electron microscopic study on the thyroid gland of the salamander Hynobius nebulosus in the breeding season (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 195-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid (Salamander) ; Influence of TSH ; Epithelial cells ; Crystalloid structures ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of thyrotropic hormone (TSH) on the salamander thyroid gland was studied by electron microscopy. The following sequence of changes in the follicular cells was observed: (1) 1–1.5 hrs after a single administration of 1 i.u. of TSH, many large colloid droplets appear in the apical cytoplasm; (2) within about 2 hrs hereafter, most of them are replaced by large vacuolar bodies, and cytosomes are remarkably decreased; (3) 2.5–3 hrs after two administrations of 1 i.u. of TSH at an interval of 20 hrs, large vacuolar bodies with or without filaments are frequently observed but cytosomes are hardly encountered; (4) in the group placed at room temperature for 10 days after a single administration of TSH, large vacuolar bodies almost disappear; (5) in the group placed in the ice room for 10 days after the same treatment, large vacuolar bodies with or without filaments frequently appear but cytosomes almost disappear; and (6) in some of large vacuolar bodies with filaments the different stages of crystalloid formation are discernible. From these findings, it is suggested that large colloid droplets are changed into large vacuolar bodies and that crystalloid originates from large vacuolar bodies with filaments, probably as a result of interrupted hydrolysis caused by a deficiency of cytosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307430
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  • 180
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    The ultrastructure of the pars distalis of the hypophysis in males of Triturus cristatus carnifex Laur., treated with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 209-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; Male ; Triturus cristatus carnifex Laur. ; “Globular basophil cells” ; Antiandrogen treatment ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adenohypophysis of the newt Triturus cristatus carnifex Laur. shows three types of cells: 1) cells with granules of about 350–550 mμ in diameter, 2) cells with small granules of 200–250 mμ in diameter and globules with a cristal-like arrangement containing cylinders with a diameter of about 960 Å and 3) cells containing small granules only. The AA. discuss the ultrastructural changes of the gland and the modifications of sexual secondary characters (S.S.C.) in animals given Cyproterone acetate (1/2 mg every three days). The animals have been treated for a period of time varying between 3 and 5 months, starting in October-November, when S.S.C. begin to develop again. At the end of the treatment the newths showed a loss of S.S.C., and the ultrastructure of the adenohypophysis resembled that of castrated animals, i.e.: great swelling of R.E.R. and partial degranulation of glycoprotein secreting cells which contain the 200 mμ granules and the globules. The S.E.R. showed also swelling and hyperactivity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307431
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    Electron microscopy of dental enamel: Analysis of crystal lattice images (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dental enamel ; Rat ; Ultrastructure ; Crystallography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thin sections of rat incisor enamel were studied with the electron microscope. Fringe patterns having repeat periods in the range 3.1–8.2 Å were seen in individual enamel crystals. These images were interpreted as representing the resolution of corresponding planes in the hydroxyapatite crystal lattice. The lattice spacings and interplanar angles were identified by comparing the observations with available data derived from X-ray diffraction analysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307434
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  • 182
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    A quantitative electron microscopic analysis of myelination in the optic nerve of suckling rats treated with an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 9-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Optic nerve ; Myelination ; Hypocholesteremic drug ; Exogenous and endogenous cholesterol ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of AY-9944, an inhibitory cholesterol biosynthesis, on the myelination of the optic nerve of rats was studied. Suckling rats were injected intraperitoneally with the drug every other day from birth, and were sacrificed at 10, 20 and 30 days of age together with littermate controls. The analysis is based on counting, at the electron-microscope level, the number of unmyelinated axons and the number of myelin lamellae surrounding each myelinating axon. The results indicate that a decrease in endogenous cholesterol by AY 9944, induced an overall retardation of the myelination process in the optic nerve: a larger proportion of myelinated axons and smaller number of myelin lamellae around the myelinating axons, when compared with the littermate controls, was observed. Exogenous cholesterol from the maternal milk did not compensate for a lack in endogenous cholesterol. Degenerating myelin sheaths were frequently seen in the experimental optic nerves at 20 and 30 days of age. Numerous membranous, intracytoplasmic drug-induced inclusions were found at all ages studied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307056
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    Ultrastructural study on contractile structures in mammalian nephron (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 101-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Contractile structures ; Embryonic metanephros ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytoplasmic filaments have been observed in the cells of normal and pathological kidneys. These filaments are usually grouped into bundles anchored to electron dense bodies underlying the cell membrane. In the embryonic human metanephros the filaments are found within the cells of different portions of the nephron at various stages of development. They appear first in the podocytes, almost simultaneously in the Bowman's capsule and tubular cells, then in the “mesangial cells”, and finally in the cells of the media of the afferent glomerular and interlobular arterioles. The presence of filaments and their attachment bodies in the mammalian nephron suggests that the podocytes and the so-called mesangial cells have a contractile activity, thus representing an intraglomerular apparatus which regulates the intravascular pressure, blood flow and filtration rate in the glomerular capillaries, whilst the contractile activity of the Bowman's capsule and proximal, distal, and collecting tubules, could facilitate the progression of the filtrate. The increase in number of the filaments in some pathological conditions is probably related to the functional changes of the intraluminal pressure in the glomerular capillaries, in the Bowman's space, and in the tubular lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307061
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  • 184
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    Ultrastructure de l'organe de Johnston de la Fourmi Camponotus vagus Scop. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 39-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Johnston's organ ; Camponotus vagus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) ; Chordotonal structure, Scolopidia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'organe de Johnston de Camponotus vagus est composé par un ensemble d'environ 55 structures chordotonales, chacune étant formée par une ou plusieurs scolopidies. Les terminaisons dendritiques de tous les organes chordotonaux aboutissent sous des cônes cuticulaires insérés dans la membrane d'articulation entre le pédicelle et le troisième article antennaire. Chaque scolopidie est composée de 3 dendrites; les trois segments proximaux sont entourés par une même cellule enveloppe CE1 fortement accolée aux cellules épithéliales adjacentes au moyen d'attaches spécifiques. Au niveau des racines ciliaires et des segments ciliaires les trois dendrites sont enveloppés dans une cellule scolopale qui sécrète des colonnes scolopales autour de chaque dendrite et ayant des points de jonctions avec ceux-ci. Ces colonnes scolopales se réunissent ensuite pour entourer les trois dendrites dans un cylindre scolopal unique. A partir des dilatations ciliaires les dendrites évoluent de façon différente; certains s'interrompent très tôt dans le cylindre scolopal alors que d'autres s'élèvent plus haut jusqu'à l'articulation, leur extrémité distale étant coiffée d'un tube cuticulaire. Par structure chordotonale il n'y a généralement qu'un dendrite — quel que soit le nombre des scolopidies à l'origine de la structure — qui est relié à la membrane articulaire par une «tigelle cuticulaire intermédiaire». Chaque structure chordotonale est formée par une scolopidie, ou le regroupement de plusieurs identiques à celle décrite ci-dessus. Le plus souvent les premières cellules enveloppes CE1 présentent des zones d'affrontement membranaires entre CE1 des scolopidies d'un même organe chrodotonal. A partir du niveau des cellules scolopales, deux cellules enveloppes CE2 et CE3, se relayent successivement, formant un manchon autour des groupements scolopidiaux, déterminant ainsi l'unité sensorielle. On a observé et décrit des différenciations intercellulaires à tous les niveaux du système, entre éléments nerveux d'une part et éléments nerveux et structures associées d'autre part. Des inclusions particulières telles des microtubules associées en chaîne au moyen de bras ont notamment été décrites au niveau de structures de jonctions. Le rôle des divers structures et caractères spécifiques rencontrés lors de la description de l'ensemble de la structure réceptrice est envisagé dans le sens des mécanismes de transduction.
    Notes: Summary Johnston's organ of Camponotus vagus is composed of 55 chordotonal structures, each of them being formed by one or several scolopidia. The dendritic endings of the chordotonal organs are in contact with cuticular cones which occur at the articular joint between pedicellus and the third antennal segment. Each scolopidium is composed of three dendrites. The three proximal segments are enclosed by one cell, CE1, which is connected with neighbouring epithelial cells by specific attachment zones containing microtubules. At the level of the ciliary roots and of the dendritic ciliary segments, the three dendrites are enclosed by the scolopal cell which secretes the scolopal rod around each dendrite. Some junctions occur between the dendrites and the scolopal cell. The scolopal rods are interconnected constituting the scolopal ring. The distal portion of each dendrite exhibits a different ultrastructure: some of them are short and terminate in the scolopal ring while others continue to the joint, here being covered by a cuticular canal. Generally there is only one dendrite which is connected with the joint by a cuticular stalk. Each chordotonal structure is formed by one or several scolopidia. Very often the first ensheathing cells, CE1, of one organ are connected by some intercellular differentiations. Above the scolopal cells two other ensheathing cells, CE2 and CE3 are to be found. These cells define each sensory unit. Intercellular differentiations are described at all levels of the system, between neural elements on the one hand and between neural elements and associated structures on the other hand. Specific inclusions such as associated “arm-bearing” microtubules are described near some of the junctions. The possible role of these specific structures in the process of impulse conduction in mechanoreceptors is discussed. The results are compared with those obtained from Johnston's organs of other species. Their functional significance is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307058
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    Ultrastructural studies of spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster meigen (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 125-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; Meiosis ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Synaptinemal complex ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Meiosis in male Drosophila melanogaster was studied with the electron microscope. The number and the distribution of ring channels between individual members of a cluster of primary spermatocytes was determined from serial sections. The tubules with a diameter of 45 nm characteristic for meiotic prophase nuclei gave a chromatin type reaction, when treated with EDTA according to Bernhard's technique, thus suggesting that these tubules contain DNA. A material resembling central regions of synaptinemal complexes was observed in the nucleolus of primary spermatocytes during the downward movement in the testis. It is suggested that they represent unused precursors to central components of synaptinemal complexes, which are absent at pachytene of Drosophila males. Up to six tail fibers (kinetosomes + axonemes) were observed in every primary spermatocyte prior to meiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307062
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  • 186
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    The development of synapses in vitro between previously dissociated chick spinal cord neurons (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 203-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Development ; Chick embryo ; Cell culture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The formation and development of synaptic contacts between dissociated chick spinal cord neurons has been investigated. By the 6th day in vitro “immature” profiles with few vesicles were observed. By 14–18 days “mature” types with numerous vesicles were found, indistinguishable from those of newly hatched chick spinal cord. After this period degeneration occurred, and was especially marked in the post-synaptic element. Such degeneration could be postponed by the addition of small numbers of somatic muscle cells. The Kanaseki and Kadota (1969) technique was applied to the study of coated vesicles at various stages of synaptic development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306695
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  • 187
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    Quantitative microscopical studies of the mouse peritoneal macrophage following stimulation in vivo (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 187-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Macrophage ; Differentiation ; Triolein ; Stereology ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of an objective two- and three-dimensional analysis of the morphological features of normal and triolein-induced mouse peritoneal macrophages are reported. An “equivalent circle“ technique for resolving the effects of volume and surface area on volume-to-surface parameters is described. The method is a simple comparative one which does not require the actual determination of cell volume. Macrophage stimulation promoted increases in mean cell size, cytoplasmic granularity and volume-to-surface ratio. In addition, a reduction in nuclear volume-to-surface ratio accompanied in vivo stimulation. Nucleocytoplasmic ratio remained constant. The equivalent circle procedure showed that the increase in cellular volume-to-surface ratio was due largely to the increase in cell volume; the decrease in nuclear volume-to-surface ratio was primarily the result of a substantial increase in nuclear membrane surface area. Stereological estimations suggest that interiorized cell membrane (in the form of triolein-containing phagosomes) is replaced by newly reconstructed surface membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306694
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  • 188
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    Cytologische Studien an Trichocysten (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 235-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliated protozoa ; Loxophyllum and Prorodon ; Trichocysts ; Toxicysts ; Expulsion mechanism ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Nesselkapseltrichocysten der Ciliaten Loxophyllum und Prorodon wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Feinstruktur sowie des Ausschleuderungsablaufes untersucht. Loxophyllum besitzt zwei morphologisch unterscheidbare Sorten von Toxicysten, wohingegen Prorodon nur eine Art dieser Organelle aufweist (Krüger, 1936). Wie an Hand gehemmter Stadien gezeigt werden kann, verläuft die Ausschleuderung bis auf geringfügige Variationen bei den drei Sorten in der gleichen Art: Schläuche, die im ruhenden Zustand bereits in den endgültigen Dimensionen in der Toxicystenkapsel eng ineinandergeschachtelt vorliegen, werden handschuhfingerförmig umgestülpt und verlassen hierdurch die Kapsel und damit den Zellkörper. Dieser Prozeß ist mit der Ausscheidung einer teils fädigen, teils amorphen Substanz gekoppelt. Der Umstülpungsvorgang der Innenstruktur der Nesselkapseltrichocysten wird mit den völlig andersartigen, während der Ausschleuderung von Mucocysten und Spindeltrichocysten ablaufenden morphologischen Veränderungen verglichen. Es zeigte sich, daß aufgrund ihrer differierenden Feinstrukturen und Funktionsweisen in den Nesselkapseltrichocysten einerseits und in den Mucocysten sowie Spindeltrichocysten andererseits zwei grundsätzlich voneinander verschiedene Organellentypen gesehen werden müssen.
    Notes: Summary The toxicysts of the ciliates Loxophyllum meleagris and Prorodon teres were examined with regard to fine structure and expulsion mechanism. Loxophyllum possesses two morphologically distinct types of toxicysts, whereas in Prorodon only one type is present. As can be shown by discharge inhibition experiments, the expulsion mechanisms, except for small variations, are identical in all three types: Tubes, which in their resting state lie closely packed one within the other possess already at this state their final dimensions; they are inverted, thereby leaving the capsule and thus the cell body. This process is correlated with the excretion of a substance partly filamentous, partly amorphous. The inversion of the tubes during the expulsion is compared to the fundamentally different morphological alterations during discharge of mucocysts and spindle trichocysts. The differences and similarities in fine structure and function between toxicysts on the one hand and mucocysts and spindle trichocysts on the other, indicate that two rather than three fundamentally different organelle types must be distinguished.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306697
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  • 189
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    Ultrastructural changes in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus in Galago crassicaudatus (primates) after eye enucleation (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 291-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Superior colliculus ; Primate, Galago ; Optic terminals ; Eye enucleation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several types of terminals were found in the three superficial collicular layers of Galago. At least two axon terminals with round vesicles (R1 and R2) could be distinguished on the basis of vesicle packing and electron density of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial matrices. R1 axon terminals were characterized by aggregations of vesicles in an electron lucent cytoplasm and mitochondria with a relatively dark matrix, while in R2 axon terminals the vesicles were more evenly distributed in an electron dense cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix was pale. R2 endings occurred in clusters in the stratum griseum superficiale; they were absent in the stratum zonale. R1 endings were found in all three superficial collicular layers. Both types of R terminals made asymmetrical contacts with small dendrites, dendritic spines and F profiles. Profiles containing flattened vesicles and establishing symmetrical contacts were numerous, and many could be identified as dendrites by accepting as criteria for dendrites evenly spaced microtubules, clusters of ribosomes and the fact that these F profiles were postsynaptic to other terminals. F terminals were presynaptic to other F profiles, dendrites and somata; they were postsynaptic to R terminals and took part in serial synapses. Dendrodendritic contacts were frequent, somatodendritic contacts rare. After eye enucleation most R2 axon terminals underwent the electron dense degenerative reaction. The degeneration process was a lengthy one; many degenerating boutons were found 30 days after axotomy and some persisted up to 180 days postoperatively. There was strong indication that the superior colliculus received more crossed than uncrossed retinofugal fibers. The crossed and uncrossed retinocollicular axons terminated in two different substrata of the stratum griseum superficiale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307019
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  • 190
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    The fine structure of the guinea-pig muscle spindle (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 357-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle spindle ; Guinea-pig ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nuclear bag and nuclear chain intrafusal fibres are present in guinea-pig muscle spindles. Unlike muscle spindles in other species two types of nuclear chain fibre seem to be present. The electron microscopical appearance of one type of nuclear chain fibre is similar to that of nuclear bag fibres. It is suggested that under tension the nuclei of small nuclear bag fibres become sufficiently displaced to form nuclear chain-like fibres. The frequent occurrence of fibres which combine some of the properties of both nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibres indicates the possible occurrence of a third type of intrafusal fibre. The sensory innervation of guinea-pig muscle spindles is similar to that of the cat and the rat. Three types of motor nerve ending which could be classified according to the complexity of their subneural apparatus were seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307023
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  • 191
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    Evidence for the existence of serotonin-, dopamine-, and noradrenaline-containing neurons in the gut of Lampetra fluviatilis (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 33-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intestine, Lampetra fluviatilis ; Serotonin-, dopamine-, noradrenaline-containing neurons ; Identification by histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Biochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monoamine-containing neurons in the gut of Lampetra fluviatilis are characterized by histochemical, electron microscopical and biochemical methods. Strongly yellow fluorescent, probably serotonin-containing intrinsic neurons are found along the entire length of the intestine. Their processes aggregate to form large bundles of mainly non-terminal axons, constituting a subepithelial fibre plexus. This subepithelial, ganglion cell comprising plexus is connected to a wide-meshed subserosal plexus which has ganglion cells of different size and few varicose, single axons. Intermingled with both plexus there occur — in the anterior and middle but not in the preanal portion of the lamprey intestine — scattered green fluorescent intrinsic perikarya, emanating faintly green fluorescent, poorly varicosed axons. The formaldehyde-induced neuronal fluorophores conform to serotonin (yellow fluorescent compound), noradrenaline, and dopamine (green fluorescent substance), as revealed in microspectrofluorimetric recordings. The electron microscopical analysis of the yellow fluorescent intrinsic neurons in the terminal hindgut shows nerve cell pericarya and axons equipped with a typical population of occasional small granular and many large granular vesicles (750–1600 Å). The number and opacity of cores of the small and the osmiophilia of the cores of the large granular vesicles are significantly increased following short-term treatment with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. Long-term treatment with 5,6- or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine provokes severe signs of ultrastructure impairment and eventual degeneration in the supposed serotonin-containing axons, besides indications of piling-up of organelles in the non-terminal axons due to arrest of axonal transport. Chromatography of acid extracts from the lamprey intestine, gills and kidney reveals the presence of serotonin (besides another unidentified indoleamine) and dopamine and noradrenaline in the gut, but only dopamine in the brain. The detection of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine in the lamprey gut is confirmed by chemical determinations. The occurrence of intrinsic serotonin-, noradrenaline- and dopamine-containing neurons in the gut of Lampetra fluviatilis deviates from the established pattern of innervation of the vertebrate intestine and is considered to be a remnant of an autonomic innervation principle common in invertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307395
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  • 192
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    Aspects histologique, histochimique et ultrastructural des péricaryones neurosécréteurs latéraux du protocérébron de Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Insecte: Orthoptère) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 75-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory cells ; Lateral ; Locust ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude histologique, histochimique et ultrastructurale des péricaryones neurosécréteurs latéraux de Locusta précise leur nombre et leur localisation. Elle révèle que le neurosécrétat latéral est semblable morphologiquement (forme et diamètre des granules élémentaires) au neurosécrétat A de la pars intercerebralis. Cependant, il en diffère histochimiquement par la présence d'une composante glucidique. Elle confirme l'hypothèse émise pour les péricaryones neurosécréteurs de la pars intercerebralis (Girardie et Girardie, 1967), de l'unicité cellulaire chez Locusta des types A et B selon la nomenclature de Johansson (1958). Elle suggère que les péricaryones latéraux pourraient être des cellules neurosécrétrices très actives.
    Notes: Summary The number (8 to 12) and position of the lateral neurosecretory cells have been established in Locusta by a histological, histochemical and ultrastructural study. The neurosecretory material of the lateral cells contains glycoprotein and is, in this way, histochemically different from medial A cells neurosecretory material. However, the morphological aspect (shape, diameter) of elementary dense core vesicles in the lateral and medial A neurosecretory cells is similar. This study confirms the idea (Girardie and Girardie, 1967) that, in Locusta, A cells and B cells (Johansson, 1958) are in fact two physiological aspects of one cell type. It also suggests that the lateral cells could be very active neurosecretory cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307397
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  • 193
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    Die Feinstruktur der Kehlkopfmuskeln des Laubfrosches, Hyla arborea arborea (L.), im Vergleich zu einem Skelettmuskel (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 223-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Laryngeal muscles ; Tree Frog, Hyla aborea arborea (L.) ; Fine structure ; Motor endplates ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um Hinweise auf die Funktion des Kehlkopfes bei der Rufabgabe zu bekommen, führten wir eine vergleichende elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung an den vier Kehlkopfmuskeln rufaktiver Laubfrösche durch. Zum weiteren Vergleich studierten wir auch einen Extremitätenmuskel. Die Kehlkopfmuskeln sind untereinander gleich gebaut, unterscheiden sich aber in mehrfacher Hinsicht vom Extremitätenmuskel: Ihre Myofibrillen sind nur ein Drittel so dick. Die Kehlkopfmuskeln enthalten sehr viele, auffallend große und dichte Mitochondrien; das sarcoplasmatische Retikulum ist mächtig entwickelt. Sie enthalten außerdem sehr viel Fett, das stets mit den Mitochondrien assoziiert ist. In beiden Muskeltypen kommt Glykogen vor; seine Menge ist in den Kehlkopfmuskeln jedoch größer als im Extremitätenmuskel. Die Zahl der motorischen Endplatten ist in den Kehlkopfmuskeln 25 mal höher als im M. plantaris longus. Die Zahl der Triaden pro Sarcomer und ihre Anordnung ist bei den beiden Muskeltypen gleich. Die Kehlkopfmuskeln winterstarrer Hyla-Männchen unterscheiden sich in ihrem Feinbau und Fettgehalt nicht von den Muskeln rufaktiver Tiere.
    Notes: Summary In order to obtain information on the function of the larynx during vocalization, a comparative electron microscopic study was made of the four laryngeal muscles of male tree frogs druing their vocalizing phase. A skeletal muscle (m. plantaris longus) was examined for comparison. The fine structure of the laryngeal muscles is uniform, but differs from skeletal muscles in several respects: the diameter of the myofibrils of the laryngeal muscles is only 1/3 that of the skeletal muscle. They contain many strikingly large and dense mitochondria. There is a strongly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum. Laryngeal muscles contain large quantities of fat which is always associated with mitochondria. Laryngeal muscles contain more glycogen than skeletal muscle. The number of motor endplates in laryngeal muscles is 25 times larger than in m. plantaris longus. The number of triads per sarcomere and their location is the same in both types of muscle. The laryngeal muscles of hibernating and active tree frogs do not show any difference with respect to fine structure and amount of fat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311355
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  • 194
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    Über die Glia im Hypoglossuskern der Ratte nach Axotomie (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 427-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypoglossal nucleus (Rat) ; Axotomy ; Glia ; Microglia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Glia über den Feinbau des Hypoglossuskerns normaler Albinoratten und nach Axotomie berichtet. Untersucht wurden Tiere vom 12.–90. Lebenstag. Folgende Ergebnisse sind neu: Weder bei jungen noch bei erwachsenen Ratten kommt im Hypoglossuskern Mikroglia vor. Etwa ab. 3. Tag nach Axotomie kann bei erwachsenen Tieren Mikroglia nachgewiesen werden. Sie entsteht aus aktivierten und proliferierten Oligodendrocyten und pericytenähnlichen Bindegewebszellen. Die Mikroglia umhüllt die Nervenzellen. Eine Aktivierung und Hypertrophie von Astrocyten erfolgt etwa ab 8. Tag nach Axotomie. Von diesem Tage an drängen sich Astrocytenfortsätze zwischen Mikroglia und Nervenzelloberfläche. Die Mikroglia beginnt zu degenerieren. Bei Jungtieren bewirkt die Axotomie nur geringgradige Veränderungen. Schon beim Normaltier findet man aktive Oligodendroglia und Astrocyten sowie häufig pericytenähnliche Bindegewebszellen.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the Nucleus hypoglossi in normal albino rats and following axotomy is described with special reference to the glia. Animals 12 to 90 days old were investigated. The following results are new: Normally in young and adult rats microglia is absent in the nucleus. Following axotomy from the 3rd day no microglia can be demonstrated in adult rats. It originates from activated and proliferated oligodendrocytes and pericyte-like cells of the vascular connective tissue. These cells surround the neurons. An activation and hypertrophy of astrocytes is visible from the 8th postoperative day on. Astrocyte processes make contacts with the perikarya and separate the microglia from the neurons. Microglia cells then show signs of degeneration. In young animals alterations following axotomy are only sparse. Already normally activated oligodendrocytes and astrocytes as well as pericyte-like connective tissue cells can be seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307415
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  • 195
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    Vinblastine-induced paracrystals and unusually large microtubules (macrotubules) in rat renal cells (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 443-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microtubules ; Vinblastine ; Kidney tubules ; Podocytes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vinblastine sulfate was administered to adult rats by intravenous injections. Kidney cortex was fixed after 1, 2, or 5 hours of treatment and studied by routine transmission electron microscopy. In control animals, cells of distal convoluted tubules possessed numerous microtubules with an average diameter of 280 Å. In treated animals, the microtubules of these cells were reduced in number, and paracrystalline inclusions characteristic of vinblastine treatment were common. Macrotubules (570 Å average diameter) were also present and often were seen close to, or in apparent continuity with, paracrystals. Since the work of others indicates that vinblastine-induced paracrystals contain microtubular protein (tubulin), observation of continuities between paracrystals and macrotubules is interpreted as evidence that macrotubules are also composed of tubulin and that macrotubules may become incorporated into paracrystals. Unlike the ordinary microtubules of cells of the distal tubules, vinblastine-induced macrotubules exhibited cross-striations in longitudinal view and subunit structure in cross section. Macrotubules and paracrystals were also observed in cells of the proximal convoluted tubule, mesangium, glomerular endothelium, parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule, and visceral epithelium of Bowman's capsule. Continuities between macrotubules and paracrystals, although relatively common in occurrence in distal tubule cells, were only rarely seen in the other kinds of cells examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307116
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  • 196
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    Histological and ultrastructural observations on wound healing in the freshwater pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 561-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Wound healing ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Amoebocytes ; Phagocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The process of wound healing in Lymnaea stagnalis was studied by light and electron microscopy. Snails were wounded by making incisions in the skin. The observations showed that the wounds are closed by muscular contraction and by formation of thrombi of blood amoebocytes. These thrombi form a large amoebocyte plug. During the first 72 hrs after incision thin tubules (diameter 175–225 Å) were observed between the amoebocytes in the plug. Possibly these tubules represent a blood clotting protein. The round amoebocytes constituting the plug can be regarded as normal blood amoebocytes. First, ultrastructurally they closely resemble the amoebocytes of the circulating blood. Second, not only blood amoebocytes but also plug amoebocytes of snails injected with India ink before incision contained ink particles, indicating that the cells are of one type. Apparently due to phagocytosis of cell debris the number of lysosomes in plug amoebocytes increased during the first days after incision. Eighteen to twenty four hrs after incision the first signs of differentiation of round plug amoebocytes into flattened cells were observed. Between these cells collagen was seen from 3–5 days after incision and onwards. It is suggested that these flattened amoebocytes produce collagen fibrils. These cells are structurally different from collagen producing fibroblasts and from muscle cells of the surrounding connective tissue. Transformations of amoebocytes into these two latter cell types were not found. Ninety days after incision the connective tissue in the wound area is still different from that on non-injured sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307125
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  • 197
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    Effects of colchicine and vinblastine on neurotubules of the sciatic nerve and cholinesterases in the developing myoneural junction of the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuromuscular junction ; Development ; Cholinesterases ; Axonal transport, Neurotubules, Colchicine, Vinblastine ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Colchicine (0.1 M) or vinblastine (0.01 M) was locally applied on the sciatic nerves of newborn rats. Both colchicine and vinblastine caused reversible disappearance of axonal neurotubules and appearance of increased amounts of neurofilaments at the site of application. Subsequent morphogenesis of myoneural junctions in the tibialis anterior muscle was studied after histochemical demonstration of acetylcholinesterase (AChE; E.C. 3.1.1.7) and non-specific cholinesterase (Ns. ChE; E.C. 3.1.1.8) activity in the myoneural area. Development of the postsynaptic muscle plasma membrane of the myoneural junction was arrested in the ipsilateral, but not in the contralateral control side, for a period of about three weeks following treatment with the test substances. After this delay the myoneural morphogenesis continued normally and neurotubules were seen in the axoplasm. Since disruption of neurotubules is likely to cause blockage of the intratubular axoplasmic transport system, it seems possible that the neurotrophic influence responsible for the development of the postsynaptic muscle membrane is mediated through a secretory product transported along axons intratubularly to the nerve endings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307032
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  • 198
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    A light and electron microscopic study of the pre- and postnatal development and secretory differentiation of the pars tuberalis of the rat hypophysis (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 347-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars tuberalis ; Rat ; Development ; Secretion ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the pars tuberalis was studied in the rat fetus from 13 days of gestation to 6 weeks after birth. After the closure of Rathke's pouch, the pars tuberalis anlage is clearly distinguishable from the anlagen of the partes intermedia and distalis. It comprises the entire basal portion of the adenohypophysial anlage; the limit between the anlagen of the pars tuberalis and the pars distalis is defined by Atwell's recess, i.e. the pathway taken by the hypophysial vessels coming from the vascular plexus of the median eminence. At 14 days the pars tuberalis cells are characterized by the presence of glycogen which persists in the adult. Their secretory differentiation (elaboration of granules with a diameter of 100–120 nm) is obvious at 15 days of gestation. It therefore, clearly precedes that of the other hypophysial cell types. Its functional differentiation takes place well before its adhesion to the primary vascular plexus of the portal system. Cystic formations appear just before birth in the pars tuberalis, much later than those of the pars distalis. These observations on the development of the pars tuberalis, together with previous observations on the adult PT in various species, showing that the specific glandular cells of the pars tuberalis are cytologically different from all known adenohypophysial cell types, seem to indicate a specific endocrine function of this lobe.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307357
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  • 199
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    Saisonbedingte Veränderungen in der Morphologie der Leydigzellen von Rana esculenta (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 367-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testicular interstitial cells ; Rana esculenta ; Seasonal changes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Saisonabhängige Veränderungen in der Morphologie der Leydigzellen von Rana esculenta wurden über den Zeitraum eines Jahres in Licht- und Elektronenmikroskop untersucht. In den Monaten November bis Februar kommen im Zytoplasma der Leydigzellen kleine Mitochondrien des tubulären Typs, Vesikel des glatten endoplasmatischen Retikulum und freie Ribosomen vor, Fettvakuolen treten nur vereinzelt auf, der Golgikomplex ist gering entwickelt. In der Zeit von März bis Juni nimmt die Zahl der Zellorganellen zu. Es erscheinen in Gruppen angeordnete Lysosomen und außer den kleinen Mitochondrien Riesenmitochondrien, des Golgifeld ist größer, die Fettvakuolen sind vermehrt. Sowohl die kleinen als auch die Riesenmitochondrien enthalten Kristalle, die aus osmiophilen globulären Einschlußkörpern hervorzugehen scheinen. In den Monaten Juni/Juli ist fast der ganze Zelleib einer Leydigzelle von Fettvakuolen ausgefüllt. Die Zahl der Riesenmitochondrien und Lysosomen verringert sich, das Golgifeld ist wieder unauffällig. Eine Beziehung zwischen der Vermehrung und Entfaltung der Zellorganellen und der in der Literatur angegebenen Phase der gesteigerten Steroidproduktion konnte festgestellt werden. Das Auftreten der Riesenmitochondrien und Lysosomen und ihre Bedeutung für die saisonbedingte Entwicklung und Involution der Leydigzellen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Seasonal changes in the structure of the testicular interstitial cells in Rana esculenta were investigated. Throughout November–February, small mitochondria of the tubular type, visicles of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes predominate and the cytoplasm contains few lipid droplets and a poorly developed Golgi apparatus. During the period from March to June the cell organelles increase in number. There are numerous aggregated lysosomes and conspicuous accumulations of lipid droplets. Besides small mitochondria increasing numbers of giant mitochondria occur and the Golgi complex is enlarged. The small and giant mitochondria contain crystals which seem to originate from osmiophilic globular inclusion bodies. During June and July the whole cytoplasm may be filled with lipid droplets. Concomitantly there is a decrease in the number of lysosomes and giant mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus is in a state of involution. Possible correlations between the development of the cell organelles and the period of increased steroid production are pointed out. The appearance of giant mitochondria and lysosomes and their importance for seasonal Leydig cell development and involution are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307358
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of testosterone, hydrocortisone and insulin on the fine structure of the epithelium of rat ventral prostate in organ culture (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 425-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate ; Tissue culture ; Androgens ; Hormones ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The explants of the rat ventral prostate were cultured on a chemically defined medium and the effects of individual hormones viz. testosterone, hydrocortisone and insulin on the fine structure of the epithelial cells were investigated. The epithelial cells without hormones underwent regressive changes resembling those seen in vivo after castration. Large autophagic vacuoles, residual bodies and dilations of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were noted on day 2 of the culture. Four days later the amount of rough ER was markedly decreased and no secretory vesicles were visible. The treatment of the explants with testosterone resulted in an apparent intensification of the morphological equivalents of secretion. Beside the well developed rough ER and Golgi complex, numerous large secretory vesicles with flocculent content were observed. These observations are compatible with the idea that testosterone promotes the formation and probably also the excretion of the secretion in the epithelial cells. Testosterone also prevented partially the appearance of the signs of cellular degeneration. The most characteristic feature of hydrocortisone-treated epithelial cells was the copious supply of rough ER. Of particular interest was the formation of endoplasmic reticulum whorls which could not be observed in control and testosterone-treated cells. Hydrocortisone was shown to promote the formation of juvenile secretory vesicles on the second day. Insulin delayed the onset of the degeneration of the epithelial cells. Marked degenerative changes were, however, noted on day 6. There was no specific ultrastructural characteristic that could be interpreted to be specific for insulin action in the epithelial cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307425
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