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  • 1995-1999
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  • 1980-1984  (1.871)
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  • 201
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adipocyte insulin-binding species: The size and subunit composition of the larger binding species (1983)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 21 (1983), S. 161-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): insulin receptor ; rat adipocyte ; insulin-binding species ; disuccinimidyl suberate ; dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Several investigators have reported that there are both large and small insulinbinding proteins in plasma membranes; the larger protein demonstrates nonlinear Scatchard binding, and the smaller protein has linear binding. We now present evidence that the larger insulin-binding species consists of four proteins of different sizes. Rat epididymal adipocyte plasma membranes were prebound with 125I-insulin and then exposed to 1 mM disuccinimidyl suberate for 15 min at 2°C. The membranes were solubilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 and applied to a Sepharose 6B column. Peaks of radioactivity from the column were dialyzed, lyophilized, and analyzed by dodecyl-sulphate gel electrophoresis (5%, 100/1; mono/bisacrylamide). Autoradiograms of the gels were scanned with a densitometer. The Sepharose chromatogram revealed four radioactive peaks: peak 1 at column void volume; peak 2, Kav = 0.27; peak 3, Kav = 0.77; and peak 4, Kav = 1.09. Dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis of fractions in peak 2 demonstrated four bands on autoradiography; peak 1 did not enter the gel and peaks 3 and 4 ran with the dye front. Molecular weight estimates of the four insulin-binding species in peak 2 were 600, 500, 420, and 350 K. On dithiothreitol reduction each insulin-binding species yielded subunits of Mr ≅ 135 and 18 K. The three largest binding species demonstrated an additional 45-K dalton protein on dithiothreitol reduction, and the 500-K and 420-K binding species also yielded a 49-K dalton protein. These results suggest that the large insulin-binding protein in rat epididymal adipocytes contains several insulin-binding species, and that these insulin-binding species differ in the number of and the type of subunits they contain. In addition, it may be postulated that the nonlinear Scatchard binding associated with the larger binding protein is a consequence of the heterogeneity of the insulin-binding species in this Sepharose peak.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240210207
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  • 202
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunological studies of β-adrenergic receptors (1983)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 21 (1983), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): antibodies ; β-adrenergic receptors ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Two types for antibodies have been raised against the β-adrenergic receptor: either by injection of highly purified receptor from turkey erythrocytes or by injection of anticatecholamine ligand antibodies, and induction of anti-idiotypic antibodies Our data illustrate the interactions of the β-adrenergic receptor with these polyclonal antibodies. Preliminary results with monoclonal antibodies are also described. The redistribution of β-receptors on intact cells is visualized by the use of fluorescent antibodies. Immunoprecipitation of radioiodinated receptor by the antireceptor antibodies yields a single major 60,000 MW component.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240210301
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  • 203
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Purification and partial characterization of bovine pituitary fibroblast growth factor (1983)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 21 (1983), S. 195-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): pituitary fibroblast growth factor ; silver staining ; amino acid analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: A purification procedure and partial characterization of bovine pituitary fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are described. The steps of the published methods [3,4] which yield inhomogeneous material, were retained, with modifications. The final isolation, with an additional purification of ∼20-fold, was achieved by electro-phoresis in polyacrylamide gels at acid pH. The mitogenic peptide has a molecular weight of 14,500-15,00 as determined on SDS gels, chromatographs as a monomer in nondenaturing conditions, and is active at the picomolar level in effecting the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in Balb/c 3T3 cells. A preliminary amino acid composition is presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240210302
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  • 204
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The orientation of insulin receptors in the red cell membrane (1983)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 21 (1983), S. 233-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): insulin receptors ; receptor asymmetry ; inverted membrane vesicles ; red cell membrane ; cytoplasmic membrane surface ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: High-affinity binding of insulin to receptors in human erythrocyte membranes occurred at the external surface, but not at the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane, as assessed by insulin binding to right-side-out and inside-out membrane vesicles. Even after prolonged (3 h) incubation at 22°C, binding at the cytoplasmic membrane aspect remained negligible. The data indicate that the insulin receptor displays its hormone-binding site exclusively toward the extracellular space and that transmembrane mobility (“flip-flop”) of the receptor from one to the other membrane leaflet is severely restricted.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240210305
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  • 205
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Autoantibodies and monoclonal antibodies in the purification and molecular characterization of neurotransmitter receptors (1983)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 21 (1983), S. 219-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): neurotransmitter receptors ; monoclonal antibodies ; muscarinic acetylcholine receptors ; receptor purification ; receptor subunits ; target size analysis ; autoantibodies ; alpha-adrenergic receptors ; beta-adrenergic receptors ; dopamine receptors ; immunoaffinity chromatography ; isoelectric focusing ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: The combination of immunological advances with membrane receptor research has promoted rapid progress in the molecular characterization of neurotransmitter receptor molecules. We have to date produced monoclonal antibodies to β1-, β2-, and β1-adrenergic, D2-dopaminergic, and muscarinic receptors. In addition we have discovered that some allergic respiratory disease patients possess circulating autoantibodies to β2-adrenergic receptors. These antireceptor antibodies in conjunction with specific receptor affinity reagents have allowed us to isolate, purify, and begin to characterize α- and β-adrenergic, dopaminergic, and muscarinic receptors. For example, immunoprecipitation of turkey erythrocyte β1 receptors with monoclonal antibodies yields a single polypeptide Mr 65-70 K. In contrast, purification of β2-adrenergic receptors using either autoantibodies or monoclonal antibodies yields a receptor species with a subunit of Mr 55-59 K. Autoantibodies to β2 receptors demonstrate a 50-100% homology among β2 receptors from humans to rats, whereas monoclonal antibody FV-104 recognizes a determinant in the ligand binding site of all β1 and β2 receptors tested to date. These data suggest that β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors may have evolved from a common ancestor, perhaps by gene duplication.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240210304
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  • 206
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Epidermal growth factor and gonadotropin-releasing hormone inhibit cyclic AMP-dependent luteinizing hormone receptor formation in ovarian granulosa cells (1983)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 21 (1983), S. 209-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): hormone receptors ; cyclic AMP ; epidermal growth factor ; granulosa cells ; gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; follicle-stimulating hormone ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: The induction of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors was studied in granulosa cells prepared from the ovaries of hypophysectomized diethylstilbestrol-treated immature rats. Incubation of granulosa cells for 48 h with increasing concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or choleragen caused parallel rises in cAMP levels and LH receptors. These observations, with the finding that 8-Bromo-cAMP also induced LH receptor formation, indicate that hormonal stimulation of LH binding sites is mediated by cAMP. Peptide hormones that inhibited FSH-stimulated cAMP production, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), also prevented LH receptor formation. GnRHa and EGF had negligible effects on FSH-stimulated cAMP production from 0 to 24 h of culture, but reduced cAMP accumulation by 80% and 90%, respectively, from 24 to 48 h when the majority of LH receptors appeared. FSH-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity, as measured by the conversion of (3H)-ATP to (3H)-cAMP, was inhibited by GnRHa and EGF at 48 h of culture. EGF and GnRHa also reversed the inhibition of ectophosphodiesterase activity caused by FSH in granulosa cells between 48 and 72 h of culture. Both EGF and GnRHa inhibited induction of LH receptors by 8-Bromo-cAMP, suggesting that their effects are also on cAMP action. Addition of GnRHa, but not EGF, between 36 and 48 h of culture completely prevented further increases in LH receptors induced by 8-Bromo-cAMP, indicating that the inhibitory action of GnRHa can be initiated at later times during granulosa cell differentiation, whereas full expression of EGF action requires a longer period. These results demonstrate that EGF and GnRH inhibit FSH-induced LH receptor formation in the granulosa cell by reducing hormone-dependent cAMP production and also by impairing the ability of cAMP to stimulate LH receptor formation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240210303
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  • 207
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 21 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240210401
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  • 208
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050101
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  • 209
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recent structure-function relationships in normal and injured mammalian kidneys (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Recent investigations have been aimed at understanding the ultrastructural-functional relationships within the kidney at organ, tubule, subcellular, and molecular levels. This has led to a redefinition and more precise segmentation of the renal tubule. For example, the connecting piece between distal tubule and collecting system has now been established.The use of immunocytochemical techniques, such as fluorescence, ferritin- or peroxidase-labelled immunoglobulin methods, has made it possible to identify proteins in the kidney especially in renal corpuscles. Two major noncollagenous glycoproteins, fibronectin and laminin, have now been identified in the glomerulus. The glycosaminoglycan, heparan sulfate, has been localized to the glomerular basement membrane and is thought to play an important role in charge perm-selectivity during glomerular filtration. Subtle changes in glomerular podocyte or endothelial cell structure are postulated by some to play a role in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure. The role of the mesangial cell in glomerular function is being studied in situ in homogeneous cell populations. These cells are capable of prostaglandin production and can contract in response to hormonal stimulation.The intimate positioning of short- and long-looped nephrons in the renal medulla and the unique nature of the pelvic epithelium correlates well with the purported role of urea recycling in the urinary concentrating mechanism. Determination of elemental concentration of soluble substances in various renal cell and extracellular compartments have been made using freeze-hydrated and freeze-dried cryosections of kidney tissue.The medullary and cortical ascending thick limbs of the distal tubule are morphologically and functionally distinct regions. Their response to hormonal stimulation and their enzymatic activities are quite different. Morphological studies of the collecting duct have provided new insight into the role this segment of the uriniferous tubule plays in fluid and electrolyte transport and urinary acidification.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050102
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  • 210
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphometric studies of the alveolar epithelium in dog lungs in vivo after increased rates of outward filtration (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Increased pulmonary artery pressures and decreased albumin concentrations were established in dogs, in vivo, by circulatory overload and by plasmapheresis. Each change, occurring singly, would be expected to produce an increase in outward filtration rate. The ultrastructure of the alveolar epithelium after the production of this presumed increase in filtration was evaluated by established morphometric techniques. The extent of extravascular fluid accumulation was assessed by multiple indicator-dilution studies and by light microscopic analysis. Previous studies from this laboratory (DeFouw and Berendsen, 1979; DeFouw, 1980) define increased alveolar surface densities, increased type I cell vesiculation, and depleted type II cell lamellar body contents after increased filtration had induced septal edema and alveolar flooding in isolated perfused dog lungs. In the present study septal edema and alveolar flooding were not detected. Nor were changes observed in either alveolar epithelial cells or in alveolar configurations. However, there was significant accumulation of extravascular fluid in cuffs around extraalveolar vessels. These results are consistent with the interpretation that the initial stage of cardiodynamic edema formation, namely, peri-vascular cuffing, is not associated with structural aberrations of the alveoli or their lining epithelial cells, in vivo. Since such changes were detected previously in isolated lungs after development of the final stages of edema, namely, septal fluid accumulation and alveolar flooding, additional studies of septal edema and alveolar flooding in intact animals are necessary to establish functional correlates to ultrastructural aberrations in severely edematous lungs.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050106
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  • 211
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship between granule-containing cells and blood vessels in the rat autonomic ganglia (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Granule-containing (GC) cells and related blood vessels in the superior cervical ganglion and the pelvic plexus of the rat were examined by light and electron microscopy of serial thin sections. In the superior cervical ganglion, GC cells formed many clusters of more than 20 cells. These clusters were supplied with dense networks of fenestrated capillaries, while the ordinary ganglion cells had continuous capillaries distributed more sparsely. Several continuous capillaries diverged from the networks in the GC cell clusters to join with capillaries around the ganglion cells. In the pelvic plexus, continuous capillaries with well-developed pericytes were distributed similarly around the GC cells and the ganglion cells. Dense networks of fenestrated capillaries in the clusters were never seen. Based on these observations, the physiological significance of the GC cells was discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050109
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  • 212
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fine structure of regenerated ependyma and spinal cord in Sternarchus albifrons (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 73-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The caudal-most regenerated spinal cord in Sternarchus albifrons consists solely of an ependymal tube. Ependymal cells are enlarged radially and are more numerous than in unregenerated cord. Projections of ependymal cell cytoplasm and Reissner's fiber fill most of the central canal. Small groups of neurites and cell processes filled with dense-cored vesicles lie between abluminal processes of ependymal cells.Rostral to this, additional cells appear dorsal and lateral to the inner ependymal layer. Some cell bodies contain numerous dense-cored vesicles. Larger bundles of neurites, some with synapses, are present. Invaginations of the peripheral edge of the cord create enclosed spaces lined with basal lamina. In the peripheral region, longitudinally oriented neurites extend through extracellular spaces or channels. The ventral portion at some levels of regenerated cord is completely filled with neurites, processes containing dense-cored vesicles, and capillaries. Similar masses of neurites and processes containing dense-cored vesicles lie outside the cord proper, in or near the meningeal layer.In rostral-most sections, the organization of regenerated spinal cord approaches that of normal cord, with the regenerated cord exhibiting groups of myelinated axons, differentiated fibrous astrocytes and oligodendroglia, cell bodies containing dense-cored vesicles, and differentiated electromotor neurons. These observations indicate a degree of pluripotency in some of the ependymal cells in adult Sternarchus. Moreover, they are consistent with a role of ependymal cells in the guidance of regenerating neurites.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050110
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  • 213
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Uterine simple and complex nuclear bodies are separate structural entities (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 119-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In rat uterine luminal epithelial cells, nuclear bodies occur in the euchromatin in varying numbers in relation to the nuclear concentration of the estrogen receptor (Clark et al., 1978; Padykula et al., 1981, 1982). This functional responsiveness indicates that nuclear bodies may be useful indicators of the degree of cellular estrogenization. Because these filamentous bodies vary in size (200-1200 nm), shape, and composition, quantitative analysis of frequency of their occurrence has been difficult. A fundamental division into 2 categories can be made by the following criteria: 1) simple nuclear bodies (200-500 nm) consisting of a protein mesh of microfilaments, and 2) complex nuclear bodies (200-1200 nm) composed of an outer filamentous protein capsule enclosing a lucent core that may contain granules. Previous quantitative analyses at the electron microscopic level has excluded “simple bodies” because they might actually be ultrathin sections through the filamentous capsule of complex bodies (Le Goascogne and Baulieu, 1977; Clark et al., 1978). To resolve this sampling problem, we have performed serial ultrathin section analysis of nuclear bodies in hyperestrogenized luminal epithelial cells. Ultrastructural evidence presented here demonstrates that simple and complex nuclear bodies are anatomically separate entities. Ultrathin sections through the capsule of complex nuclear bodies will be misidentified as profiles of simple bodies during quantitative analysis. This anatomic distinctness of simple and complex nuclear bodies correlates with their differing responses to estrogenic stimulation and withdrawal (Fitzgerald and Padykula, pp. 131-141, this volume). Thus the existence of these two major categories should be taken into consideration during quantitative analyses.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050203
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  • 214
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Epidermal growth factor, renin, and protease in hormonally responsive duct cells of the mouse sublingual gland (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In the striated ducts of the sublingual glands of normal adult male, but not female, Swiss-Webster mice a few scattered cells have apical secretion granules. These sublingual duct cells resemble the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells of the submandibular glands of adult female mice, in that they are smaller than submandibular GCT cells of adult males, and contain fewer apical granules, and prominent basal striations. These cells stain immunocytochemically for epidermal growth factor (EGF), renin, and protease A. Such granular striated duct cells could be induced in the sublingual glands of adult female mice by treatment with either testosterone propionate or thyroxine; the two hormones give simultaneously acted synergistically in this induction.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050207
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  • 215
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The morphology and distribution of Merkel cells in primate gingival mucosa (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The morphology and distribution of Merkel cells in primate gingival mucosa have been studied by correlated light and electron microscopic techniques. The gingival mucosa is composed of a stratified squamous epithelium with a dense underlying connective tissue stroma. The epithelium interdigitates with the underlying connective tissue forming long interconnected rete ridges. Merkel cells and their associated axons are abundant in gingival mucosa where they are located, either individually or in clusters, at the base of epithelial rete ridges. These cells have an identical morphology to Merkel cells described by others in the hard palate, hairy skin, glabrous skin and eyelid. While individual Merkel cells are found throughout the gingival mucosa, Merkel cell clusters are most numerous in the mandibular lingual gingival mucosa. When correlating this finding with data from other investigators, it appears that Merkel cell clusters are located preferentially in the masticatory mucosa in intimate contact with the tongue and thus may function as an important source of somatosensory feedback providing valuable information regarding the position of the tongue in the oral cavity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050210
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  • 216
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A simple method of lung perfusion fixation (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A simple perfusion apparatus modified from procedures used and published in renal studies is presented and discussed. The buffer and fixative solutions to be perfused are placed in closed reservoirs under 20 mm of Hg pressure which is provided by a constant inflow of air from an air inflow valve present in any routine laboratory. The pressure is monitored by a sphygmomanometer gauge and adjusted with an air control valve. The perfusate solutions are kept at 37°C. The oncotic-osmotic characteristics of routine buffer and fixative perfusates are presented and discussed. The perfusion technique utilized in a cat model is detailed. The technique does not require sophisticated equipment and yet perfusion conditions can be carefully monitored and controlled.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050214
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  • 217
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bilateral lesions of suprachiasmatic nuclei affect circadian rhythms in [3H]-thymidine incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid in mouse intestinal tract, mitotic index of corneal epithelium, and serum corticosterone (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 239-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Investigations into the role of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the coordination of circadian rhythms have presented differing results. Several reports have shown that ablation of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNA) alters the phase and amplitude of rhythms but does not abolish them. The present study investigates the effect of SCNA on the rhythms in cell proliferation in various regions of the intestinal tract as measured by the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into deoxyribonucleic acid, in the mitotic activity of the corneal epithelium, and in serum corticosterone levels. The study involved mice with verified lesions of the SCN (six to 13 mice per time point) and control groups of both sham-operated and unoperated mice (seven of each per time point). The mice were killed in groups that represented seven time points over a single 24 hr span (3 hr intervals with the 0800 hr sampled both at start and end of the series). The tissues examined were the tongue, esophagus, gastric stomach, and colon for DNA synthesis, the corneal epithelium for mitotic index, and blood serum for corticosterone level. The most consistent result of SCNA was a phase advance in the rhythms in cell proliferation in the tongue, esophagus, gastric stomach, colon, and corneal epithelium. A reduction in rhythm amplitude occurred in the tongue, esophagus, and corneal epithelium; however, there was an amplitude increase for the stomach, colon, and serum corticosterone. The mesor (rhythm-adjusted mean) was increased by SCNA in all tissues except the corneal epithelium. These findings further support the role of the suprachiasmatic nuclear area in the control of rhythms in cell proliferation and corticosterone production, by acting as a “phaseresetter” and as a modulator of rhythm amplitude.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050302
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  • 218
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vicinal glycol-staining identifies secondary granules in human normal and chédiak-higashi neutrophils (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 301-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Neutrophil secondary granules contain large amounts of glycoprotein. We evaluated periodate-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) staining of these granules after α-amylase digestion to assess their content of vicinal glycol-containing glycoconjugates and the usefulness of this stain as a positive stain for secondary granules. Using this method, early stages of secondary granule genesis were observed prior to completion of primary granule genesis in myelocytes. Immature secondary granules appeared round to ovoid, but irregular in outline and demonstrated strong staining of the limiting membrane and matrix material. In mature granules, matrix staining was unaltered; however, membrane staining was decreased. Some immature primary granules in promyelocytes demonstrated strong PA-TCH-SP reactivity which was masked in mature primary granules of band and segmented neutrophils. The Golgi apparatus showed progressively increasing PA-TCH-SP reactivity toward its mature surface which was often convex in promyelocytes and myelocytes and concave in segmented neutrophils. The Chédiak-Higashi secondary granules were cytochemically and morphologically similar to those of normal individuals and were not statistically decreased in number when compared to controls. They were only rarely observed contacting or fusing with giant granules which had consumed all primary granules leaving an easily detected population of secondary granules. Thus the α-amylase-PA-TCH-SP method demonstrates a large amount of unmasked vicinal glycol-containing glycoconjugates in neutrophil secondary granules, which allows their differentiation from primary granules.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050307
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  • 219
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050401
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  • 220
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spermatogenesis in the vasectomized monkey: Quantitative analysis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The seminiferous epithelium in mature vasectomized Macaca fascicularis was examined quantitatively to assess spermatogenesis. Monkeys were bilaterally vasectomized and controls were bilaterally sham operated. At postoperative periods of 10 and 18 months, groups of monkeys were castrated and their testes prepared for morphologic analysis. Diameters were measured in 100 cross sections of seminiferous tubules from each animal. Numbers of spermatogonia (Ad and Ap), preleptotene spermatocytes, pachytene spermatocytes, and step 7 spermatids, relative to Sertoli cell nucleoli, were counted in stage VII tubules. Tubule diameter and germ cell numbers per Sertoli cell nucleoli were not altered by vasectomy. Our study demonstrates quantitatively that spermatogenesis in the monkey is not inhibited up to 18 months following vasectomy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050403
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  • 221
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative assessment of neural development in human premolars (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 421-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The number of nerve fibers entering a tooth gives an indication of the tooth's capacity to perform a sensory function. Nerve fiber development was quantitated from cross sections of the apical portions of 49 erupted human premolars at various stages of root development and in subjects up to 71 years of age. Neural development was incomplete in immature teeth, greatly variable in young mature teeth, and complete in older teeth. Myelinated axons changed in number but not in size during tooth development. There were significantly fewer myelinated axons in teeth with open and parallel apical foramina than in older teeth. Unmyelinated axons did not change significantly in number with development but fewer large axons were found in older teeth. The number of unmyelinated axons enclosed in a single boundary lamina tended to be lower in older teeth. As a physiologic correlate, threshold responses to electrical stimulation were also determined prior to premolar removal. Threshold stimulation decreased significantly with apical foramen maturation. A significant negative correlation was found between the threshold stimulus and the number of myelinated axons in fully developed teeth, but not in immature teeth.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050407
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  • 222
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Three-dimensional reconstruction of the rat incisor by means of computerized histomorphometry (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 455-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A detailed, quantitative, three-dimensional reconstruction of the adult rat lower incisor is presented. The mandibles of 12 male adult rats were dissected and radiographed. The outline of each incisor was traced and the center of the arc formed by the lower, or labial, border of the tooth was geometrically determined. The sector of the bone-embedded part (mean length 20.70 ± 3.5 mm) of the tooth was divided into six equal segments by radii drawn through the arc center. The dividing radii were transposed onto the specimens and three consecutive 100-μm transverse ground sections were cut from the incisal side of each segment, parallel to their bordering radii. The distance between each section and posterior wall of the alveolar socket was measured and the information stored in the computer. The outlines of all the dental structures were traced and fed into a computer with the aid of a sonic digitizer. The circumference of the tooth (5.91 ± 0.002), and the mesiolateral and labiolingual widths (1.36 ± 0.001 mm and 2.18 ± 0.01 mm, respectively) remained constant at all tooth levels. The decrease in width and cross-sectional area of the pulp and the corresponding increase in dentin were represented by the best fitted second order polynomials. These changes were not uniform, being more pronounced in the proximal part of the tooth. The polynomials also served for calculation of the total volumes of pulp, dentin, and enamel (13.93 mm3, 18.05 mm3, and 4.43 mm3, respectively). The three-dimensinal measurements included the periodontal ligament (PDL), which was significantly wider on the lateral side than on the mesial (0.16 ± 0.006 mm and 0.12 ± 0.004 mm, respectively). The volumes of the enamel-bordering PDL and of the cementum-bordering PDL were 7.77 mm3 and 8.67 mm3, respectively. In the latter, the tooth-related compartment constituted 42.7% of the total volume. The data presented can serve as a basis for future quantitative studies of the rat incisor.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050410
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  • 223
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of estradiol on ultrastructure of granular ducts in submandibular glands of female rats (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The effects of estradiol on the granular ducts in submandibular glands of female albino rats were studied. Twenty-five-milligram pellets of 17 β-estradiol were implanted subcutaneously in the experimental animals, and their glands, as well as controls, were examined after 2, 4, 7, and 10 wk using light and electron microscopy. During the course of the experiment an increasing proportion of the granules in the granules ducts appeared more lightly stained in the experimental animals. In the estradiol-treated rats the granular ducts increased in relative cross-sectional area at a faster rate than in the controls, which exhibited maturation changes. In addition, the average number of granules per granular duct cell decreased significantly in the treated animals. Our results indicate that estradiol caused a change in the cytology of the granular ducts suggesting an alteration in protein synthesis. These results might occur through a change in structural proteins or in other hormones and growth factors which are known to influence the submandibular gland.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060104
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  • 224
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of the frontal bone and cranial meninges in the embryonic chick: An experimental study of tissue interactions (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 61-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The frontal region of the embryonic chick was studied to determine whether epithelial influences are necessary for frontal bone development. The frontal bone is a membrane bone, of neural crest and head mesodermal origin, which develops within mesenchyme sandwiched between two epithelia, neural ectoderm and epidermis. Rudiments were treated enzymatically to separate epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. Frontal mesenchyme then was grown as chorioallantoic membrane grafts either in the presence or absence of neural ectoderm and/or epidermis. The results indicate that neural ectoderm, though required during early stages of development to induce frontal bone development (Schowing, 1968), is not required during later stages (HH 22-30, the stages tested in this study) for osteogenesis. Epidermis, however, was shown to be required for frontal bone development during the stages tested. Frontal mesenchyme formed bone when epidermis was present on the outer aspect of the mesenchyme, and did not form bone when the epidermis had been removed prior to grafting, whether or not neural ectoderm was present. This dependence upon epidermis continues beyond the onset of meningeal differentiation. Once the outer ectomeninx-dermis is distinguishable from the inner endomeninx, osteogenic capabilities are confined to the ectomeninx-dermis layer. Furthermore, the ectomeninx-dermis layer attached to epidermis is able to form membrane bone in the absence of the endomeninx and neural ectoderm. The endomeninx, though normally nonchondrogenic, was shown to be capable of forming cartilage when the neural ectoderm is removed. Neural ectoderm, therefore, may have an inhibitory effect on chondrogenesis in the endomeninx.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060108
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  • 225
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060201
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  • 226
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Boar spermatozoa observed by rapid-freeze and deep-etch method (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Boar spermatozoa were observed by a rapid-freeze, deep-etch, and rotary shadowing technique. Domains of particles were found on the ES face of the plasma membrane in the proximal part of the postacrosomal region. Particles are 17 nm in diameter, have a central pit, and appear to contain either five or six subunits. The diameter of the subunits is about 7 nm. The particles are arranged hexagonally within the domain. Straight parallel ridges, 15 nm wide, were found on the entire PF face of the plasma membrane in the postacrosomal region. The ridges run almost parallel to the long axis of the spermatozoon. Part of the postacrosomal sheath could be seen through artificial openings in the PF face of the plasma membrane. The postacrosomal sheath seems to be a sheet of closely packed particles 7 nm in diameter and has striations with a periodicity of 15 nm. The ridges on the PF face of the cell membrane appear to be reflected by the striations of the postacrosomal sheath. In the neck and tail regions of the spermatozoa, orderly arranged particles were observed on the ES and PF faces of the plasma membrane.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060205
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  • 227
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A granular cell at the acinar-intercalated duct junction of the rat submandibular gland (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A granular cell was present at the acinar-intercalated duct junction in submandibular gland of adult rats of several different strains. It occurred more frequently in females thanin males. It was a small pyramidalshaped cell, usually forming the most proximal part of the intralobular duct system. The cell contained a relatively large, basally located nucleus. Numerous heterogeneous granules, usually exhibiting both electron-dense and electron-lucent regions, were present in the apical cytoplasm. Exocytosis of the granules at the apical cell surface was occasionally seen. Dilated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum were frequently observed between the apical granules and in the basal and lateral cytoplasm. The function of the granular cell is unknown. Their structure and location suggest that they may (1) constitute a mature secretory cell population, or (2) represent progenitor cells for acinar and/or intercalated duct cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060206
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  • 228
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060301
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  • 229
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ovarian, oviductal, and adrenal vascular connections in female lizards (genus Anolis) (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The urinogenital blood vessels of Anolis equestris and A. carolinensis were studied using dissection, injection of silicone rubber, and histology. A new blood-vascular connection between small veins in the pampiniform plexus at the base of the ovary and an ostial extension of the secondary oviductal vein is described. Chemical messengers could thus be carried in the blood from the ovarian venous drainage to the oviduct. Furthermore, close apposition of the secondary oviductal vein and artery provides an anatomical basis for countercurrent exchange of these messengers. A circular venous arcade, involving the supracardinal vein and branches of the oviductal veins, also is described; this arcade could serve to deliver adrenal hormones to each oviduct.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060303
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  • 230
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Noradrenergic innervation of the penis in control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats: Evidence of autonomic neuropathy (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of the penis of control and 4-month streptozotocin-diabetic rats was examined with the glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method. Noradrenergic varicosities were found in the corpora cavernosa in a dense subtunical plexus and in the perisinusoidal and trabecular regions of the erectile tissue, in the corpus spongiosum in perisinusoidal tissue, around large arteries and veins, and around small tortuous arterioles and small draining veins of the corpora cavernosa and spongiosum. Noradrenergic varicosities were diminished in number and fluorescent intensity in all regions of the penis of diabetic rats compared with controls. The subtunical plexus was absent, perisinusoidal and trabecular varicosiities were sparse, and only occasional intermittent, discontinuous, dull fluorescent fibers or plexuses were found around the vessels. Quantitation with highperformance liquid chromatography revealed a significant reduction of norepinephrine in the penis of diabetic rats compared with controls. The present study suggests that long-term streptozotocin diabetes in the rat is accompained by sympathetic autonomic neuropathy of the penis that seems to parallel changes in the noradrenergic content of penile corpora of men with diabetes and erectile impotence. The streptozotocin-diabetic rat merits further study to explore the relationship between noradrenergic innervation of the penis and erectile tissue.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060107
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  • 231
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A numerical identification syterm for airways in the lung (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A numerical sytem for identifying airways at any level in the tracheobronchial tree has been develop which appears to be simple, logical, and accurate. The system has successfully used in the author' laboratory to expedite morphometric studyes of the conduciting airways in the tracheobronchial tree.Three simpe and direct criteria or rules have been fomulated for assignment of an airway identification number (AIN) to any specific pulmonary airway, according to this identification system.Some specific applications of this AIN system have been enumerated and several limitations that the authors have recoginzed have been described.Workers in the fields of bronchial morphometry and anatomy are invited to consider the possible theoretic and practical utility of this airway identification system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060112
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  • 232
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pleiotropic effect of Tabby gene on epidermal growth factor-containing cells of mouse submandibular gland (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The influence of the Tabby gene on the submandibular gland of the mouse was assessed by comparing the mass of the gland, and its content of granular convoluted tubules, in prepubertal, pubertal, and adult Tabby mice and their wild type brother controls. The Tabby mice showed reduction in mass of the adult submandibular gland, delayed development of the granular convoluted tubules, and reduction in relative content of granular convoluted tubules. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is released from the granular convoluted tubules of the mouse submandibular gland, and it is known to experimentally influence the devlopment of at least some of the structures that are affected by the Tabby gene. Accordingly, the question of a relationship between the Tabby gene and EGF is raised.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070104
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  • 233
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development and innervation of soleplates in the freely grafted extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in the rat (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 55-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The ultrastructural events in the establishment of the neuromuscular junction of the freely grafted extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of the rat were studied 1-120 days after grafting. The original axons and muscle fibers, including soleplates, degenerated during the first few days, but Schwann cells and basal laminae persisted. Myofibers regenerated within the original basal laminae. Indentations of the sarcolemma, termed “presumptive synaptic clefts” (PSC), wer found on myotubes from 7-day grafts. Schwann cells and residual acetylcholinesterase were invariably associated with the PSC, suggesting that the PSC developed at the site of the original soleplate. Nerves entered the grafts 10 days postoperatively and contacted the PSC of the regenerating muscle fibers on the 18-20th day. The secondary synaptic clefts of these “reconstructed” soleplates extended far beyond the subaxonal region. A second type of soleplate appeared on the 18-20th day. These soleplates were similar to those found in embryonic muscle and were considered to have been induced to form “de novo” by the presence of the nerves. When grafts were placed in permanently denervated limbs the “reconstructed” soleplates appeared, but the “de novo” type did not. These results shows that information directing the morphogenesis and innervation of the soleplate persists after the original muscle fibers and axons of a graft degenerate and regenerate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070107
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  • 234
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of chronic denervation in type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors (Haarscheiben) (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 79-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Cutaneous type I receptor sites (Haarscheiben or tactile domes) were examined at intervals of 4 to 275 days after chronic denervation of the skin. The number of domes decreased with denervation time, and only about one-third of the domes originally present were still visible at 275 days. Most but not all of the Merkel cells from these domes were absent by 48 days, and the epithelium was significantly thinner than in nondenervated domes. Only a few of the examined domes appeared to be completely devoid of Merkel cells.It is concluded that after nerve transection, domes degenerate but do not always disappear entirely. The remmants may thus act as target sites which either attract regenerating type I nerve fibers or facilitate the formation of new dome structures after nerve regeneration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070109
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  • 235
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transverse periosteal sectioning and femur growth in the rat (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 339-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Circumferential cuts through the periosteal covering of long bones have been demonstrated to transiently increase epiphyseal growth. This effect appears to be independent of vascular changes accompanying surgery and has been hypothesized to relate to releasing tension in the periosteal envelope. This study was designed to address problems of previous investigations by controlling for the effects of the surgical procedure and by using regression analyses to analyze intra- and interanimal variations in the length and proportionality of the femur in experimental, sham, and control Sprague-Dawley male rat littermates. Experimental animals received circumferential periosteal sectioning of the right femur and no operation to the left limb. A sham operation without periosteal sectioning was performed on the right femur in the sham group. Right to left differences were analyzed using two multiple regression models; one involved three absolute length measurements as the dependent variables, while the other used the three ratios of these length measurements as the dependent variables. The ratio measures were utilized to reflect changes in bone proportionality.Circumferential periosteal section was followed by an alteration in the shape of rat femurs at 2 weeks postsurgery with a slight retardation of the length dimension from medial epicondyle to head of the femur and an overgrowth of the length dimension from the lateral epicondyle to the greater trochanter. The sham procedure produced a proportional decrease in all length measurements. The experimental procedure was also associated with surface bone apposition at the site of section. At 3 weeks postsurgery, normalization of bony contours between sham, experimental, and control groups had occurred; however, there were still some statistically significant decreases of length dimensions in the sham and experimental groups. In the experimental group the length measurement involving the weight-bearing head of the femur remained reduced at 3 weeks postsurgery.It is hypothesized that the functional demands of the long bone play an important role in the effect of periosteal regulation on growth. In situations where a normal tensive force is exerted on the bone, the periosteal envelope will act to restrain epiphyseal growth. When the bone is under a normal compressive force the release of periosteal tension is not a quantitatively significant stimulus to epiphyseal growth and the effects of surgical intervention and muscle trauma will play a more important role in the growth response of the epiphyses.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070213
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  • 236
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A simple technique for the visualization of whole mount cytoskeletons with transmission electron microscopy (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Examination of whole mount cells in the transmission electron microscope has been useful in studies of cellular architecture. The common technique is to grow cells directly on formvar-coated, gold grids for direct observation through a cell. We report a technique for obtaining whole mount preparations which requires neither fragile formvar films nor expensive, gold grids. Cells are grown on palladium-coated coverslips and processed for electron microscopy. The cells and the palladium substrate are separated from the coverslip. The cell-palladium complex is then picked up on copper grids as in thin section processing. We compare images of the cytoskeleton using our technique with images using previously described techniques and present preliminary observations of contracting cell models. Such contractions would tear formvar films if attempted on cells grown in the conventional manner for whole mount examination. Our technique allows cells to contract without tearing the underlying substrate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070216
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  • 237
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The preparation of human cross sections (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 379-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Technical advances in the field of radiology, especially computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanning, have made gross anatomical crosss-sections increasingly important in understanding the relationships of internal structures. Since 1940, the Anatomy Program at the University of Vermont has developed and used cross-sections of the entire human body in teaching predoctoral, postdoctoral, and allied health professionals. This paper describes in detail the process through which specimens are selected, embalmed, frozen, sectioned, and displayed. Kaiserling's Method is used for fixation and preservation of the specimens, which are then housed in appropriate display containers. Specimens prepared over forty years ago in the manner described in this paper are still in use.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070218
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  • 238
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Early morphological alterations of pressure-overloaded cat right ventricular myocardium (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 417-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Pressure overload of the right ventricle results in an increase in ventricular mass. It also results in abnormal in vitro contractile function in advance of the onset of congestive heart failure as determined in papillary muscles removed from these ventricles. To correlate these functional abnormalities with any early underlying morphological changes, a band was placed around the proximal pulmonary artery of cats. This band restricted the lumen to 20% of normal and was left in place for 2 weeks. At that time, hemodynamic variables were measured to insure that right ventricular pressure overload had been produced. The hearts were then perfusion fixed, and papillary muscles from the right ventricle were prepared for light and transmission electron microscopy. Quantitative morphological data were obtained for the volume density both of several tissue components and of several organelles. It was found that there are significant increases in myocyte cross-sectional area and diameter in hypertrophied tissue with a concurrent increase in the volume density of interstitial tissue. There are no alterations in the volume density of organelles in the hypertrophied myocytes. We suggest that the substantial increase in the proportion of connective tissue and the decrease in the surface area to volume ratio that accompany pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy may be early underlying structural changes that relate directly to the abnormal contractile function found in this type of hypertrophy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070304
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  • 239
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructure of the bone marrow in three murine strains with non-malignant lymphoproliferative syndromes NZBxW, BXSB, and MRL/1pr (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 451-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Three mouse strains, NZBxW, BXSB, and MRL/1pr have well documented congenital lymphoproliferative syndromes and lupus-like disease. We studied the ultrastructures of the marrows of these mice searching for a model for intramedullary lymphopoiesis. In MRL/1pr, the strain with the most severe disease, the marrow was largely populated by large lymphocytes associated with dark branching stromal cells. These stromal cells are apparently of a recently recognized cell type which has been associated with extremely accelerated eosinophilopoiesis and erythropoiesis. They did not appear in the lymph nodes and spleens of the MRL/1pr mice or in the marrows of the other strains. BXSB marrows showed some non-proliferant lymphocytic infiltrates and heightened erythropoiesis while NZBxW marrows resembled controls. We suggest that the dark stromal cells in the MRL/1pr marrows were important in supporting the production or differentiation of lymphoid precursor cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070307
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  • 240
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increase in zymogen granule volume accounts for increase in volume density during prenatal development of pancreas (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 487-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The sudden increase in volume density of zymogen granules in acinar cells of the fetal rat pancreas was examined with particular attention to the respective roles of granule size and number in this event. Volume density increased some twelvefold, from about 3% of cytoplasmic volume at 17 days to about 45% at 20 days, following a sigmoidal pattern in which the greatest rate of increase occurred during day 18. This increase in volume density was primarily the result of an increase in granule volume. Zymogen granule diameter increased from 0.55 μm at 17 days to 1.20 μm at 20 days, an order of magnitude increase in average granule volume. The total number of granules in the tissue increased in proportion to the increase in organ weight (cell number and size), but changes in the number of granules per unit cytoplasmic volume were minor (+ 40%) in comparison to the increase in volume density. The distribution of granule diameter was roughly normal and unimodal at each time interval, and the increase in average diameter over time was marked by an increase in the upper limit of the size distribution and an increased percentage of large granules. The size of condensing vacuoles also increased during this period, and their distributions were roughly coextensive with those seen for zymogen granules at the same time. The potential origins of changes in granule size are discussed, as well as the important effect that size has on the number of granules observed in “two-dimensional” tissue sections viewed in the electron microscope. If size is not considered in our estimates, then we underestimate the numerical density in cells with small granules compared to those with large granules. The results indicate the central role of granule size, as opposed to number, in determining granule volume density in the embryonic pancreas.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070310
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  • 241
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The anatomy of the eustachian tube in the rat: A macro- and microscopical study (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 513-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The rat eustachian tube (ET), from the nasopharyngeal orifice to the tympanal orifice, is about 4.5 mm long, of which the naso-medial membranous part (the nasopharyngeal orifice) measures about 1.5 mm and the occipito-lateral bony portion about 3 mm. The nasopharyngeal orifice is surrounded by two soft, lip-like, mucosal swellings - one ventral and one cranial - both easily mobile. The muscles related to the tubal opening mechanisms are the salpingopharygeus, the tensor veli palatini and the levator veli palatini muscles. The salpingopharyngeus muscle originates partly from the cranial lip, whereas the palatal muscles originate partly from the ventral lip. The tympanal two thirds of the mucosal lining of the ET is cranially guided by a cartilage and incompletely framed by bony structures. The tympanal orifice is situated in the nasal part of the medial wall, well above the floor of the bulla. The tensor tympani muscle does not seem to take part in the opening and closing mechanisms of the ET. The mucosal lining of the ET consists of a respiratory epithelium with numerous glands in the lamina propria. It is suggested that the tubal muscles control the passage through the ET by moving the lip-like folds of the nasopharyngeal orifice. The anatomy of the rat ET is comparable to that described in Homo and it can be concluded that the rat ET might be a good model for studying the function of the human ET.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070313
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  • 242
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structural domains of the muscle-tendon junction. 1. The internal lamina and the connecting domain (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 573-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The force generated within skeletal muscle fibers of vertebrates is transmitted to the tendon at the muscle-tendon junction. Ultrastructural analysis of the murine muscle-tendon junction following a variety of experimental manipulations has produced evidence that the muscle-tendon junction can be described in terms of four principal domains (Trotter and Eberhard, 1983), two of which are discussed in the present report. Each domain is defined by the shape and orientation of its principal components, and by its position with respect to the plasma membrane. The internal lamina is composed of actin filaments, with a center to center spacing of approximately 12 nm, oriented mainly parallel to the principal vector of contractile force, and to the plasma membrane. These filaments are cross-linked into a structural unit, perhaps by the electron-dense structures which are associated with them. The internal lamina is morphologically connected to the external lamina (lamina densa) by a population of fine filaments oriented approximately perpendicular to the principal vector of contractile force. These filaments which constitute the connecting domain, are approximately 2-8 nm in diameter and are at least 50 nm long. They pass through three separate regions: the sarcoplasm between the internal lamina and the plasma membrane; the plasma membrane proper; and the extracellular space between the plasma membrane and the lamina densa. This third region is often referred to as the lamina lucida. These filaments are composed of at least three separate components in series, linked together by noncovalent interactions. The existence of these discrete structural domains implies that each has a different molecular composition and different mechanical properties.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070406
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  • 243
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of beta adrenoceptor blockade with atenolol on myocardial cellular and subcellular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 615-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In this study we investigated the effects of chronic β adrenoreceptor blockade with atenolol on cellular and subcellular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Atenolol was injected subcutaneously (20 mg/kg) twice daily commencing in four-week-old rats. The treated animals (SHR-A) were compared to their nontreated controls and normotensive, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls at the age of 16 weeks. A group of atenolol-treated WKY was also studied. Chronic drug treatment was effective in attenuating the rise in systolic blood pressure characteristic of SHR, but did not normalize the values to those of WKY. Cardiac hypertrophy, characteristic of SHR, was modified by drug treatment as evidenced by left ventricular weights as well as myocardial cell size. The cells from the subendocardium underwent selective hypertrophy in SHR which was attentuated by about 50% after atenolol treatment. Stereological analysis of electron micrographs showed that while relative mitochondrial volume was not affected by treatment, relative myofibrillar volume (%) decreased in both subepicardium (SHR = 63.28 ± 1.25; SHR-A = 56.72 ± 1.37) and subendocardium (SHR = 66.53 ± 1.27; SHR-A = 58.30 ± 1.51). This change raised the mitochondrial/myofibrillar volume ratio, which is characteristically low in SHR compared to WKY. Sarcoplasm, which included all cell constituents except mitochondria, increased with atenolol treatment, but water concentration remained unchanged. The data suggest that attenuation of hypertrophy in SHR after β blockade is associated with selective effects on the myocardial cell involving primarily the myofibrillar cell compartment.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070409
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  • 244
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intercellular contacts of lymphocytes during migration across high-endothelial venules of lymph nodes. An electron microscopic study (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 643-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The migration of lymphocytes across the wall of high-endothelial venules was studied by electron microscopic examination of murine lymph nodes fixed with glutaraldehyde and tannic acid. Regions of close membrane apposition, referred to in the present study as “intercellular contacts,” were observed between migrating lymphocytes and endothelial cells of the vessel wall. At high magnification the intercellular contacts resolve into pentalaminar structures resembling gap junctions. However, the location of these contacts suggests that they are regions of membrane adherence utilized for locomotion of the lymphocytes across the endothelium. At present, it is unclear whether these intercellular contacts are communicating junctions or sites of membrane adherence.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070413
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  • 245
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphological and morphometric changes in the ovaries of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) following exposure to long or short photoperiod (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Two experiments were carried out with a total of 36 white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) exposed to either long (LP) or short (SP) photoperiod for six weeks. Ovaries and uteri were weighed. Serial sections of the ovaries were processed for light microscopy. The total number of the interstitial gland cells, preantral and antral follicles with early and advanced stages of atresia as well as corpora lutea, was determined.Uteri from LP mice weighed significantly more than those from SP mice in both experiments. In contrast, the weight of ovaries from LP and SP animals only differed significantly in one experiment; this experiment also produced no obvious changes in the total number of corpora lutea. While interstitial gland cells of LP ovaries were hypertrophic and appeared mature, the interstitial gland cells of SP ovaries were of the degenerating cell type. The total number of follicles as well as their mean follicular diameters were higher in LP animals in comparison with SP animals. In addition, the percentage of antral follicles were increased and there were fewer signs of advanced stages of atresia in the LP group. It is suggested that the changes of the interstitial gland cell morphology combined with alterations of follicular growth during LP or SP appear to support intensified follicular growth.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050103
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  • 246
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Caudal spinal cord of the teleost Sternarchus albifrons resembles regenerating cord (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The morphology of spinal cord in the caudal-most spinal segments of normal adult Sternarchus albifrons is different from that of more rostral adult cord. The caudal segments are strikingly similar to the regenerating spinal cord observed after amputation of the tail in Sternarchus. In the caudal-most vertebral segment of normal spinal cord, ependymal cells are radially enlarged and are more numerous than in more rostral adult cord. Large processes of the ependymal cells extend into the central canal, which also contains a prominent Reissner's fiber. Invaginations of the outer surface of the spinal cord, with the associated basal lamina, are common. Lateral to the immediate ependymal layer, extracellular spaces contain longitudinally oriented neurites. Cell bodies and cell processes filled with dense-cored vesicles occur throughout the caudal-most segment of spinal cord, and are especially concentrated in the ventral half, interspersed with numerous capillaries. In all these respects the caudal-most segments of normal adult spinal cord in Sternarchus closely resemble regenerating spinal cord of Sternarchus. In both regions, at least some of the ependymal cells retain the ability to divide and generate new neurons and glial cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050111
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  • 247
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Scanning electron microscopy of mouse muscle microvasculature (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 109-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The surface morphology of the microvasculature from mouse skeletal muscle was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Cell surfaces were exposed by digesting away extracellular collagen and other matrix by a simple HCl treatment. Four distinct subdivisions of the microvasculature (arterioles, precapillary arterioles, capillaries, and venules) were identified based on marked differences in surface features. Arterioles of 20-10 μm diameter had a discontinuous, single layer of smooth muscle cells encircling the vessel. These smooth muscle cells had an uneven surface with shallow grooves and depressions that were often oriented parallel to the longitudinal cell body axis. The underlying arteriolar endothelial surface was also rough with long ridges separating shallow furrows that were oriented parallel to the vessel length. As the arteriolar size decreased, the perivascular cell were found further apart, they became smooth surfaced, and were oriented preferentially parallel to the vessel. The endothelium of the precapillary arterioles, as well as, capillaries and venules had smooth surfaces. Venules had a discontinuous layer of flat, smooth surfaced pericytes. Morphologically distinct groups of smooth muscle cells (i.e., precapillary sphincters) were not found. Although pericytes normally associated with capillaries and other vessels were often removed during tissue processing, most cells and their surface feature were generally well preserved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050202
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  • 248
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An ultrastructural study of preovulatory apical development in mouse ovanan follicles: Effects of indomethacin (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The effects of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, on the preovulatory morphology of apical follicle walls have been examind by transmission electron microscopy. Immature mice, superovulated with 5 IU pregnant mare serum (PMS) followed 40 hours later by 80 IU luteinizing hormone (LH) were treated with either 10 mg/kg indomethacin or an equivalent volume of the indomethacin vehicle 10 minutes prior to LH. Follicular apices from both groups were compared at 12 hours post-LH. Indomethacin treatment suppressed many of the morphological changes normally occurring in the apex during preovulatory development. Whereas apices from vehicle treated animals demonstrated marked deterioration, dissociation, and thinning of tissue, the cell layers of apices from indomethacin-treated animals remained thickened and tightly packed, with limited signs of disruption. The results presented herein are consistent with the idea that prostaglandins are essential mediators of ovulation and suggest that these lipids augment apical rupture by mobilizing granulosa cells and stimulating the loss of connective tissue elements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050206
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  • 249
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An electron microscopic analysis of the left phrenic nerve in the rat (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In this electron microscopic study, the axonal categories in the left phrenic nerve at its entrance to the diaphragm have been determined. At a level 3 mm rostral to the diaphragm, the left phrenic nerve contains approximately 700 axons: 57% are myelinated and 43% are unmyelinated. The dorsal root ganglion cells give rise to 31% of the myelinated axons and the ventral root contributes 69%. Of the unmyelinated axons, the dorsal root ganglion cell contributes 59%, the cervical sympathetic chain 24%, and 17% course through the ventral roots. These ventral root unmyelinated axons are presumably preganglionic efferents since the proximal stump of the ventral root showed no decrease in unmyelinated axons after ventral rhizotomy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050211
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  • 250
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The striated urogenital sphincter muscle in the female (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Striated muscle associated with the female urethra and vagina constitute a continuous mass which appropriately may be called the urogenital sphincter. Though continuous, the muscle may be separated into two parts - one that surrounds the urethra, and the other surrounding the urethra and vagina. The individual muscle fibers are small and are embedded in connective tissue and infiltrated with smooth muscle which obscures the visibility of the muscle to gross dissection. Developmentally the muscle primordium is laid down around the urogenital sinus and urethra early, and foreshadows the anatomical arrangement that is maintained in the adult with little change.The urogenital sphincter muscle extends from the base of the bladder where it lies within the pelvic cavity and continues through the urogenital hiatus of the pelvic diaphragm to expand around the vagina in the perineum. Additional fibers attach to the ischiopubic rami and constitute a compressor of the urethra. As a result there is no superior fascia of the so-called “urogenital diaphragm” which closes off a deep perineal compartment or forms a floor of the urogenital hiatus.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050213
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  • 251
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultracytochemical localization of guanylate cyclase in the oviduct of estrogen-stimulated rat (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 251-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Many reports have indicated that estrogens increase uterine guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)levels via increasing the activity of guanylate cyclase. In the present study, guanylate cyclase activity was studied cytochemically in the oviduct of immature rats 24 hours after one or two doses (20 μg/kg, subcutaneously) of diethylstilbestrol (DES), one dose per day. The reaction product indicating guanylate cyclase was localized in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells of all DES-treated animals, but was absent from those of the vehicle control immature rats. The Golgi saccules of secretory cells and the periciliary membrane of ciliated cells were stained for the enzyme 24 hours after the first and second dose of DES, but the activity seemed diminished 24 hours after the second dose. Likewise, reaction product indicating guanylate cyclase was more prominent in the plasma membrane of epithelial cells of animals treated with one dose of DES than those animals treated with two doses of DES. However, in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells, guanylate cyclase activity increased after two doses of the estrogen. Further, pinocytotic vesicles or caeolae in these cells were also strongly stained for the enzyme after one and two doses of DES. These findings confirm the suggestion that guanylate cyclase plays a significant role in the growth, differentiation, and function (secretion and transport) of the oviduct.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050303
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  • 252
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Avian lymph node: Light and electron microscopic study (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 287-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We have observed by light and transmission electron microscopy lymphoid accumulations (LA) in the chicken located along the posterior tibial-popliteal and lower femoral veins. Three types of LA were characterized: (1) LA on the wall of the lymphatic, (2) LA with germinal center, and (3) well-developed LA possessing germinal centers and an intricate lymphatic sinus system. The latter will be termed a lymph node and is perhaps the structure responding to foot-pad injection of antigen and/or phytohemagglutinin (PHA). After the injection of PHA into the foot-pad, the lymph node enlarged and revealed the intermingling of two distinct groups of cells consisting of either small lymphocytes or medium lymphocytes and lymphoblasts. Because our earlier immunological paper proved the presence of T and B cells in the node, the two histologically distinct groups of cells appearing after PHA injection could reflect compartmentalization of T and B cells in the avian lymph node. Lymphoid and adipose tissues are in the same compartment. After PHA or antigen injection into the foot pad, the lymphoid tissue proliferates and the amount of the adipose tissue rapidly decreases. This suggests that lymphoid and adipose tissue form a special complex which is separated from the surrounding tissue by delicate connective tissue capsule. The relationship of the lymphoid and adipose tissue is comparable with that of myeloid and adipose tissue in the bone marrow. The majority of the sinuses shows smooth endothelial lining while others contain “hairy” macrophages attached to the endothelium. The germinal centers are located at the periphery of the node, but a few occur inside. The cellular content of the germinal centers is not unusual except for the presence of plasma cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 25 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050306
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  • 253
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcing a new color figure policy (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 107-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050113
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  • 254
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050201
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  • 255
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differing functional responses of simple and complex nuclear bodies in uterine luminal epithelial cells following estrogenic stimuli (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A single injection of estradiol or the antiestrogen, nafoxidine, into immature female rats results in a striking divergence in the frequency of observation of nuclear bodies in uterine luminal epithelial cells (Padykula et al., 1981). During the 72 hour period after a single injection of nafoxidine (estrogen antagonist with agonist effects), progressive cellular hypertrophy occurs and is accompanied by a linear increase in the total number of nuclear body profiles (TNB). Conversely, the 72 hour period after a single injection of estradiol is marked by cellular catabolism and a linear decrease in TNB. Our recent demonstration that the population of nuclear bodies consists of two major structural types, simple nuclear bodies (SNB), and complex nuclear bodies (CNB) (Padykula and Pockwinse, pp. 119-130, this volume), permits separation and analysis of the original TNB data in terms of the functional responses of SNB or CNB.During the 72 hour period after injection of nafoxidine, the luminal epithelial cells remain in an anabolic state because the nuclear concentration of estrogen receptor and RNA polymerase activity are elevated. Separate quantitative analysis of the complex and simple nuclear bodies demonstrates two distinct functional responses: (1) a linear increases in the frequency of CNB, and 2) a relatively constant frequency of SNB. Since the complex bodies do not increase in diameter during this period, the increase in the frequency of TNB may arise from an increase in the actual number of CNB per nucleus during cellular hypertrophy.Conversely, a single injection of estradiol results in a relatively short elevation of nuclear estrogen receptor concentration and RNA polymerase activity which returns by 24 hour to the control level. This brief estrogenic stimulation is reflected by a linear decrease in the frequency of TNB and a linear decrease in the frequency of SNB. The frequency of CNB decreases suddenly between 4 and 12 hours and levels off thereafter. The steady decrease in the frequency of observation of nuclear bodies during catabolism may represent a decrease in the actual number of SNB and CNB per nucleus rather than a reduction in their size.This study provides quantitative evidence that simple and complex nuclear bodies are functionally separate entities. Also, some evidence suggests that simple nuclear bodies may be the precursors of complex nuclear bodies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050204
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  • 256
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simultaneous ultrastructural visualization of acetylcholinesterase activity and tritiated norepinephrine uptake in renal nerves (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 185-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In this investigation we have combined the methods of ultrastructural demonstration of acetylcholinesterase activity with electron microscopic autoradiography for the demonstration of norepinephrine uptake. The results show electron-dense deposits indicative of acetylcholinesterase activity associated with perivascular axons overlaid by concentrations of silver grains representing exogenous tritiated norepinephrine. Forty-five percent of the intervaricose regions and 19% of the varicosities overlaid by autoradiographic grains showed “moderate” amounts of cholinesterase staining. A greater proportion of autoradiographic grains was observed on the varicosities than in the intervaricose regions; however, the amount of acetylcholinesterase activity was greater in the intervaricose regions than in the varicosities. This investigation provides evidence for the presence of periaxonal acetylcholinesterase staining in adrenergic axons in the rat kidney.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050209
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  • 257
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The number and size of axons at the apex of the cat's canine tooth (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 215-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Using electron microscopy and morphometric analysis the number and size of axons entering the apex of the cat's mandibular canine tooth have been measured. The total number of axons varied from 761 to 1,903 between different animals but the maximum difference between right and left sides of the same animal was 353. From 56 to 79.6% of the axons were nonmyelinated; the difference in proportion between right and left sides never exceeded 6.4%. The mean circumference of myelinated axons ranged from 10.2 to 18.3μm but again the right and left variation was much less and never exceeded 2 μm. In one tooth 38.8% of the myelinated axons were larger than 19 μm in circumference and thus outside the Aδ range. The proportion was much smaller in other teeth but some “large” fibers were always present. Of all the nonmyelinated axons 19.7% showed some degree of axonal exposure to the extracellular space and 1.7% showed axoaxonal apposition. A small proportion of nonmyelinated axons showed evidence of apparent degeneration. Comparison of these data with those from studies at more coronal levels suggests that there is considerable branching and narrowing of fibers during their course through the dental pulp and that the degree of axonal exposure and apposition increases considerably. Some of the pulpal fibers are derived from larger axons than are normally associated with pain. The animal to animal variation in the parameters measured is considerable but right and left sides are similar.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050212
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  • 258
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tracheobronchial epithelium of the sheep: I. Quantitative light-microscopic study of epithelial cell abundance, and distribution (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 263-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Glutaraldehyde-infused tracheas and airways of five castrated sheep were microdissected following the axial airway of the left cranial and caudal lobes. Airway branches were assigned binary numbers indicating their specific location in the tracheobronchial tree. Samples of known airway generation were resin embedded and examined by light-microscopy. Based on differences in cell morphology, staining properties, and distribution, eight major cell groups were recognized and quantified: four mucous cell categories (M1, M2, M3, and M4), ciliated, basal, Clara, and serous cells. The last cell category was restricted to submucosal glands. Tracheal epithelium had the most cells per unit length, primarily due to large numbers of basal cells. Basal cells are found in the epithelium of airways without cartilage or glands. The total mucous cell population (M1, M2, and M3) in proximal airways was relatively constant. M4 mucous cells were present in glands of proximal airways and in the epithelial lining of the airways without glands. The most distal airways were lined by Clara and ciliated cells. A small number of the most proximal noncartilaginous airways had mucous (M1, M2, M3, and M4), basal, and Clara cells sharing the epithelial lining. We conclude that in the sheep lung: (1) epithelial cell distribution does not correlate with airway wall components; (2) more than one type of secretory epithelial cell can share the lining of the same airway; and (3) Clara cell distribution is based on airway generation and proximity to alveoli.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050304
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  • 259
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Patterns of X-radiation-induced schwann cell development in spinal cords of immature rats (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 313-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Schwann cells, Schwann cell myelin, and connective tissue components develop in the spinal cord of the immature rat following exposure to x-rays. For the purposes of this paper, these intraspinal peripheral nervous tissue constituents are referred to as IPNT. A series of investigations are in progress to elucidate factors related to the development of IPNT, and the present study is a light microscopic evaluation of the relationship between the amount of radiation administered (1,000-3,000R) to the lumbosacral spinal cord in 3-day-old rats and the incidence and distribution of IPNT at intervals up to 60 days postirradiation (P-I). The results showed that IPNT was present in only 33% of the rats exposed to 1,000R, whereas its presence was observed in 86% or more of those in the 2,000-, 2,500-, and 3,000R groups. The distribution of IPNT was quite limited in the 1,000R group, where it was restricted to the spinal cord-dorsal root junction and was found in only a few sections within the irradiated area. The distribution was more widespread with increasing amounts of radiation, and IPNT occupied substantial portions of the dorsal funiculi and extended into the dorsal gray matter in the 3,000R group. In all aR mals developing IPNT in the groups receiving 2,000R or more, the IPNT was present in essentially all sections from the irradiated area. Further studies will compare in detail spinal cords exposed to 1,000R in which IPNT is an infrequent, limited occurrence with those exposed to higher doses where IPNT occurs in a more widespread fashion in essentially all animals.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050308
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  • 260
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Light-microscopic and microspectrofluorometric characterization of porphyrin-containing astrocytes in mouse optic nerve (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 355-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Fluorescence spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the emission spectrum of unusual orange-red fluorescence found in the mouse optic nerve. Comparison of the spectra obtained with those of a number of porphyrins used as standards (protoporphyrin, uroporphyrin, and coproporphyrins) shows that the autofluorescence excited at about 400 nm (Soret band) is due to the presence of a mixture of these or other porphyrins in the nerve. Phase contrast, dark-field, and light-microscopy techniques demonstrated that the fluorescence is emitted by dense, coarse inclusions in the cytoplasm of astrocytes. The inclusions also exhibit high activity of endogenous peroxidase, a heme (porphyrin)- containing enzyme, characteristic for process of phagocytosis. A possible particiption of these astrocytes in phagocytosis is delineated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050312
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  • 261
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Association of centromeric heterochromatin with the nucleolus in mouse sertoli cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In adult Sertoli cells of most strains of mice, all the centromeric heterochromatin is condensed in two chromocenters, one on each side of a single, large nucleolus. In a random-bred Swiss OF-1 strain, however, the nucleus has a different structural organization. Part of the heterochromatin is seen as chromocenters in contact with the nucleolus; the rest of it is dispersed in granules of unequal size in the nucleoplasm. Such an unusual spatial arrangement of heterochromatin in interphase nucleus cannot be explained either by a difference in the nucleolar organizing regions or by a polymorphism of the C-banding of metaphase chromosomes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050402
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  • 262
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Freeze-fracture studies of neonatal mouse incisors (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 405-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Differentiation of preodontoblasts to odontoblasts and preameloblasts to ameloblasts during development of the mouse mandibular incisor proceeds in a gradient from the area of the odontogenic organ, where undifferentiated ectomesenchymal and epithelial cells proliferate, toward the incisal tip where mature tooth tissues, dentin and enamel, are present. The freeze-fracture technique has been used in the work presented here to study cell membrane ultrastructure of preodontoblasts and preameloblasts at several stages of differentiation. At early stages of differentiation, cuboidal preameloblasts are joined together distally by numerous gap junctions. Relatively fewer junctions occur elsewhere on the lateral plasma membranes, but gap junctions frequently occur proximally between preameloblasts and stratum intermedium cells. As differentiation proceeds and the cells become columnar, distal and proximal junctions persist. Tight junctions, however, were not observed at any of the stages studied. Intramembrane particle concentration of the lateral preameloblast plasmalemma appears to increase as differentiation proceeds. Odontoblasts are also joined distally by numerous gap junctions which persist through later stages of differentiation. Although odontoblast cell processes were observed to project toward the preameloblast layer, no clear points of cell to cell contact or defined intercellular junctions between the two cell types were observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050406
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  • 263
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gross morphological analysis of limb regeneration in postmetamorphic adult Ambystoma (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 295-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Due to the great disparity between regeneration times for the larval salamander (40 days), axolotl (30+ days), newt (44 days), and adult salamander (155 to 370 days), a staging system was devised so correlative comparisons could be made between regenerative model systems. The sequence was based on two criteria: (1) the stages should be similar to previously reported sequences for the newt, axolotl, and larval salamander, and (2) the stages must be readily recognizable by examination of the external morphology in the living state. Postmetamorphic adult land-phase Ambystoma were amputated through the forearm, placed within survival conditions, and observed until regeneration was completed. Of the initial 160 salamanders, 157 (98%) progressed through 11 clearly defined stages of regeneration. A side-by-side comparison of the staging sequence for land and aquatic phase urodeles is given along with a summary of key external morphological characteristics for the adult salamander. It was noted that as the length of time for regeneration decreased, the relative ratio of the nerves innervating the limb (spinal nerves 4, 5, and 6) increased for the four species of Ambystoma examined: A. annulatum, 324 to 370 days postamputation (dpa) with a 1:1:1 neural tissue ratio; A. maculatum, 255 to 300 dpa with a 2:2:1 ratio; A. texanum, 215 to 250 dpa with a 2:2:2 ratio; and A. tigranum, 155 to 180 dpa with a 2:3:3 ratio.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060308
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  • 264
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mesencephalic trigeminal midline ridge formation in sharks, a proposed circumventricular organ: Developmental aspects (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of 30 shark brains, a distinctive midline ridge formation on the ventricular surface of the optic tectum was found in all juveniles and adults of the three carcharhinid species (sandbar, dusky, and smooth hound) and the one lamnid species (mako) investigated. This formation is part of the mesencephalic trigeminal (Mes V) complex of these animals, and one of its remarkable features is a population of very large cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting and supraependymal Mes V neuronal somas. These cells, whose presence in the CSF compartment is heralded by distinct premonitory ependymal bulges, are not seen in contact with CSF until the sharks are well into their first postnatal year or later. Once established, the population of CSF-contacting and supraependymal Mes V neurons remains in substantial numbers over the life span of the animals into the period of sexual maturity. Age-related changes in patterns of ependymal ciliation of the midline ridge formation, tending toward a state of oligociliation, are also apparent in all species examined.Similarities between the midline ridge formation of the Mes V complex and known circumventricular organs (CVOs) are discussed and it is suggested that the formation be considered as a previously unrecognized CVO. It is hypothesized that the midline ridge formation with its contingent of CSF -immersed neurons, by monitoring one or more CSF factors, might serve to alter the excitability of the Mes V complex as a whole and, thus, regulate intensity of biting reflexes in sharks.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060311
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  • 265
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Autoradiographic study of 3H-methylated elastase in hamster lungs (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 31-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: An emphysemalike condition can be induced in animal lungs by the instillation of a single dose of elastase. Autoradiogrphy was used to determine the location of 3H-methylated porcine pancreatic elastase in hamster lungs at four time points. Six hours after instillation of radiolabeled enzyme the distribution of silver grains was very patchy, but in heavily labeled areas grains were concentrated over macrophages, connective tissue areas and over some fibroblasts. By 24 hr the labeling of connective tissue areas was no longer evident and almost all silver grains were associated with macrophages or with the edema fluid that filled many alveoli at this time. By 4 days only macrophages exhibited concentrations of silver grains. The labeling of macrophages was still evident at 7 days.Elastase inactivated by N-acetyl-(L-alanyl)3-L-alanine chloromethyl ketone showed a different distribution 6 hr after instillation. Silver grains were concentrated over macrophages and alveolar type II cells but showed no affinity for connective tissue areas or fibroblasts. By 24 hr almost all grains were located over heavily labeled macrophages.
    Zusätzliches Material: 20 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060105
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  • 266
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Envirnmental conditions prerequisite for complete limb regeneration in the postmetamorphic adult land-phase salamander, Ambystoma (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Historically, postmetamorphic adult land-phase salamanders have been shown to exhibit minimal to nonexistent limb regeneration. Hence, it has been generally accepted that these forms have lost the intrinsic capacity to regenerate a limb. Due to the experimental protocols used, an alternate explanation is also possible: that this intrinsic capacity cannot be expressed when the salamanders are maintained under adverse laboratory environmental conditions. Therefore, this study addresses two questions: (1) What are the optimal environmental conditions for long-term survival of adult land-phase salamanders; and (2) will complete limb regeneration occur in these salamanders if they are maintained under survival conditions. A mixed population of adult Ambystoma were tested under varying conditions of habitat, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, and food source. Complete limb regeneration was possible in 100% of four species of adult postmetamorphic land-phase Ambystoma salamanders given the proper environmental laboratory conditiions of a peat moss and potting soil habitat with a controlled temprature of 25°C ± 5°C, 70% or greater humidity, a 12/12 light/dark photoperiod, a diet including nightcrawlers released into their respective terraria, and an extended observation time of up to 370 days postamputation (dpa). Regeneration was completed during the following range periods for the adult salamanders: A. annulatum, 324 to 370 dpa; A. maculatum, 255 to 300 dpa; A. texanum, 215 to 250 dpa; and A. tigranum, 155 to 180 dpa.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060307
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  • 267
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cross-sectional anatomy: Preparation of teaching specimens (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 341-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Forty cross sections of a male cadaver were prepared for a Continuing Medical Education Seminar and have been used in teaching programs for the past 3 years. The sections are easy and inexpensive to construct and can be maintained with a minimal amount of effort.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060313
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  • 268
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of ethanol on nucleolar structure: A cytological indication of change in RNA/protein synthesis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 363-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The effects of chronic ethanol ingestion on an organelle known to be involved in protein synthesis were studied cytologically in nerve cells of the adult hamster. Twenty-six animals were administered standard laboratory chow and either tap water (controls) or a 15% ethanol solution (experimentals) for a period of 7 weeks. Brains were perfusion-fixed, sectioned transversely, and stained with buffered thionin for microscopic analysis. Reported here are changes in an RNA-rich intranucleolar body (INB) seen in facial motor neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells of the golden hamster. After chronic ethanol ingestion, the size and frequency of the INB increased significantly in both cell populations. Theoretical considerations are discussed concerning the correlation between this apparent storing of nucleolar RNA/RNP and the biochemical evidence of other investigators for ethanol-induced alterations in RNA/protein synthesis and utilization in neurons.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060403
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  • 269
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Blood vessels of the Peyer's patch in the mouse: I. Topographic studies (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 391-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The topographic distribution of blood vessels in Peyer's patches of mice was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy with whole mounts of flattened gut segments and vascular corrosion casts. Peyer's patches are imbedded in the intestinal wall and share its blood supply. Two to four mural trunks may contribute to the area of the patch. In and around the lymphoid nodules the microcirculation is highly specialized. The nodule is permeated by a meshwork of fine capillaries that is supplied by arterioles entering on the serosal and lateral surfaces. Blood flow to the lymphoid nodule appears tobe monitored by arterial sphincters; the dense lymphatic tissue can also beby passed by arteriovenous communications. An extensive venous network encircles the nodule. Most of these venules are lined by high endothelium which is penetrated by lymphocytes. The geometry of these vessels suggests a slow and turbulent flow in these vascular segments that may aid margination of lymphocytes. A planar capillary plexus lies subjacent to the mucosal epithelium in the dome area.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060406
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  • 270
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The soleal line (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 447-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The soleal line in 167 left and 163 right tibiae has been studied. The line often does not follow the textbook description. It commences well below the fibular facet and ends well down nearer the middle of the bone on the medial border. It generally shows mixed characters of a line, a wide line, a ridge, ora groove. The line is frequently absent in the upper third. In the middle third, it is seen as a wide line or as a ridge varying from 1 to 2 mm in height. In the lower third the line presents itself as a ridge. In the middle and lower thirds, the line is often seen as a depression varying from 1 to 2 mm in depth. The line shows a left-sided dominance.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060410
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  • 271
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The liver hemopoietic environment: I. Developing hepatocytes and their role in fetal hemopoiesis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 31-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Mouse fetal liver was studied ultrastructurally to identify and charaterize the developing hepatic parenchyma or prehepatocyte which may be responsible for producing the liver hemopoietic enviroment. It was observed that as the liver develops, there is close association of endodermal and mesenchymal cells in the region of the septum transversum. Numerous intercellular adhesions were observed between endodermal cells and mesenchymal cells. Twenty-fours after endodermal and mesenchymal cells first intermingle, the liver extravascular space consisted of consisted of spherical hemopoietic cells dispersed among a heterogenous population of dark and light cells. The reticulum of prehepatocytes formed a three-demensional cellular network which structurally supported the hemopoietic cells residing in the liver. By 12 days of gestation, prehepatocytes were a homogenous population of dark, stellate cells joined together by numerous intercellular adhesions. Broad areas of intercellular association were noted between processes and prehepatocytes and hemopoietic cells; however, no inercellular junctions between these two disparate cell populations were observed at this or any stage in development. Characteristics reflecting a cell population capable of synthesis and secretion of proteinaceous substances, namely, dilated Golgi apparati, increased numbers of polyribsomes and profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), two types of vacuoles and/or vesicles, and intercellular microvillus-lined spaces, were observed in the prehepatocytes between 12 and 17 days gestation. By day 17 of gestation, glycogen accumulation, biliary channel development, appearance of a subendothelial microvillus surface, nuclear shape and chromatin pattern, and arrangement of cytoplasmic organelles reflected the maturation of prehepatocytes into hepatocytes, the adult liver parenchyma.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070105
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  • 272
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin- and glucagonlike peptides in the brain (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The cellular localization and regional distribution of insulin-and glucagonlike substance, C-peptide-like immunoreactivity, thiol:protein disulphide oxidoreductase, TPO (E.C.1.8.4.2.), and insulin/glucagon-specific proteinase, ISP (E.C.3.4.22.-), are studied in the CNS of man, adult and juvenile rats, mice, tortoises, and frogs by use of immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the content of immunoreactive insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide was estimated in human cadaver brains by radioimmunoassay.It could be shown that insulinlike immunoreactive material is widely distributed in the human brain and the CNS of juvenile rats as well as in mice, whereas in the CNS of adult rats and nonmammalian animals (frog, tortoises) the polypeptide is restricted to a few nerve cell populations. C-peptide immunoreactivity was demonstrated in human CNS in the same nerve cells as insulin.By use of two different glucagon-antisera it was revealed that gut-type glucagon occurs in many nerve cells of human and mouse brains, as well as in the CNS of juvenile rats. On the other hand, pancreas-type glucagon was less widely distributed in the human brain and nearly not detectable in the CNS of mice and rats.With the exception of neurosecretory nerve cells, there was a high degree of coincidence between the localization of insulin and TPO. The immunoreaction against the ISP antiserum was weak, but correlated well with the distribution of insulin-immunoreactivity.The occurrence of TPO and ISP in the brain demonstrates the ability of nervous tissue to degrade insulin and glucagon. By radioimmunoassay it was established that human brain contains insulin, glucagon and C-peptide at concentrations that exceed blood levels.We conclude from our data that, at least in part, cerebral insulin and glucagon are products of the brain itself.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070108
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  • 273
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Actin filaments in the ameloblast of the rat incisor (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 245-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The distribution of actin filaments in the inner enamel-secretory ameloblast of the rat incisor was examined by labelling with heavy meromyosin. Actin filaments were mainly located in the long axis of the cell beneath the cell membrane. They tended to be more numerous in Tomes' process than in the cell body. Some filaments were associated with microtubules, with other actin filaments, and coated vesicles. Possible relation of the actin filaments to cell motility, stabilization of some, and movement of other cellular components is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070202
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  • 274
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The chorda center in Hensen's node of the chick embryo (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 349-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: To learn the origin and early migration of notochordal cells in the chick embryo, tritiated thymidine-labeled grafts were implanted into homologous positions in Hensen's node of recipient embryos at homologous stages of development. The host embryos were reincubated to Hamburger-Hamilton stages 5-9, fixed, embedded in paraffin, and serially sectioned. Sections were coated with photographic emulsion and exposed for 7-30 days. Labeled cells were found in the notochord or chordamesoderm in 31 of the 35 embryos.Transplants to the dorsal portion of the node always formed notochord. Transplants to the ventral node formed notochord only when implanted during or after the definitive streak stage (H-H stage 4+), indicating that the chorda center is located in the dorsal layer. Moreover, the results suggest that the node depletes itself in producing the notochord: labeled cells migrated into notochord or chordamesoderm anterior to the primitive pit, rather than remaining in the node or primitive pit. Because transplants to the anterolateral portion of the node contributed only to trunk notochord and several transplants to the posteromedial portion contributed only to head notochord, Hensen's node may be equivalent to the median lip of a blastopore, over which prenotochordal material in the dorsal (epiblast) layer passes during gastrulation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070214
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  • 275
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070301
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  • 276
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two anatomical pathways for the renewal of surface glycoproteins in chloride cells of fish gills (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 385-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The cytoplasm of chloride cells found in the epithelium lining the gills of guppies (Lebistes reticulatus) contains, in addition to the Golgi apparatus and cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, two distinct membranous components, the vesiculotubular and the tubular systems. While the latter is connected to the laterobasal plasma membrane, the former, made up of small vesicles and short membranous tubules, is seen mainly between the Golgi apparatus and the apical cavity which invaginates the apex of the cell. The role of these two systems in the transport of glycoproteins from the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface was investigated in fishes maintained in fresh and salt water, injected with 3H-fucose, and sacrificed at various intervals thereafter (10 and 30 min; 2.5, 8, 15.5, 24, and 48 hours). The distribution of the label was analyzed by quantitative radioautography in sections examined with the light and electron microscopes. The light microscopic data suggested that the label incorporated in the supranuclear region, where the Golgi apparatus is located, migrated toward the apical and the laterobasal regions of the chloride cells. The relative concentration of the tracer over the various components of the cytoplasm of these cells was calculated from data collected on electron microscope radioautographs at various intervals after 3H-fucose injection. The curves obtained supported the view that glycoproteins synthesized in the Golgi apparatus were transported to the apical surface via the vesiculotubular system, and to the laterobasal membrane via the tubular system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070302
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  • 277
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cell production in mouse intestinal epithelium measured by stathmokinetic flow cytometry and coulter particle counting (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 427-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The rate of cell production in the crypt population of the intestinal epithelium has been determined previously. However, the complex geometry of the tissue makes determination of the rate of cell production in the epithelium as a whole, by traditional methods, extremely difficult if not impossible. In this report, stathmokinetic flow cytometry was used for the direct determination of the rate of cell production in the mouse intestinal epithelium. Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of colcemid (2.5 mg/ kg) and killed 25, 45, 65 and 90 min after injection. The percentage of cells with 4N DNA (G2 and M phase cells) in the epithelium at each time interval was determined with flow cytometry. The results were fitted by linear regression and the rate of cell production derived from the slope of the regression line. Thus, the rate of cell production was found to be 1.86% ± 0.44 (x ± SE) per hour in the jejunal epithelium and 1.66% ± 0.48 per hour in the colonic epithelium. The turnover time of the epithelium as a whole was determined from the inverse of the rate of cell production, and was found to be 53.8 h ± 12.6 in jejunum and 60.2 h ± 17.3 in colon. Coulter particle counting was used to measure the number of cells in the intestinal epithelium. The number of epithelial cells was found to be 1.90 × 107 ± 3.11 × 105 cells per cm2 in the jejunum and 8.98 × 106 ± 8.05 × 105 cells per cm2 in the colon. A number of other kinetic parameters, which were not available, were derived from the values determined in this study. For example, it was estimated that 3.53 × 105 ± 8.33 × 104 cells were produced per cm2 per hour in the jejunal epithelium, and 1.49 × 105 ± 4.45 × 104 cells per cm2 per hour in the colonic epithelium. The rate of cell production at the level of the crypt was found to be 25.1 ± 6.44 cells per crypt per hour in the jejunum, while in the colon 16.4 ± 5.20 cells were produced per crypt per hour. In the jejunum, it was concluded that on the average, about 241.0 ± 65.8 cells were lost each hour from a villus. The kinetic profle of the crypt was also derived. There were on the average about 609.0 ± 50.5 cells per crypt in the jejunum and 985.0 ± 77.98 cells per crypt-surface epithelium unit in the colon. Of these, about 310 cells constitute the cycling population in a jejunal crypt while about 305 cells constitute the cycling population in a colonic crypt-surface epithelium unit. The cycling population in a jejunal crypt was distributed approximately as follows: 91 cells in the G1 phase, 171 cells in the S phase, 48 cells in the G2 + M phases. The cycling population in a colonic crypt-surface epithelium unit was distributed approximately as follows: 140 cells in the G1 phase, 124 cells in the S phase, and 41 cells in the G2 + M phases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070305
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  • 278
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lymphatic and blood vessels of the popliteal node in sheep (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 461-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Our aim was to describe the lymphatic and blood vascular pathways to and from the popliteal lymph node in sheep. The blood vessels and lymphatics were filled with Microfil, and were cleared in methyl salicylate.Afferent lymphatics divide and anastomose as they pass dorsally along the lateral saphenous vein, and 6-12 lymphatics reach the node. Each branches extensively on the surface of the node giving rise to 20-50 terminal afferents which enter the node over a roughly circular area. Most enter the subcapsular sinus, but some penetrate deeply into the node. Lymph leaves the node through numerous initial efferent lymphatics, many of which contain valves. These join forming progressively larger vessels, and 2-4 efferent trunks emerge from the hilus.The hilus varies considerably in shape, depth and location, and it is filled with fat. Either a single artery, or up to 10-12 arteries derived from an anastomotic network or circle, enter the node from the hilar fat pad. Arteries may also enter at other sites. The arteries originate from the caudal femoral, or the medial circumflex femoral artery; a single node may receive blood from both arteries. This arrangement may help to maintain blood flow especially during an immune response, and despite external pressures applied to the arteries and node during movements of the animal.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070308
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  • 279
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of human second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 509-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The lateral side of the base of the second (SMT), third (TMT), and fourth (FMT) metatarsal bones displays constant and distinct grooves. The groove on SMT starts just above the middle of the lateral surface of the base and runs toward the shaft forming an angle of 85-111o with the base. TMT has a groove starting at about the middle of the lateral surface forming an angle of 57-72o with the base, while the groove on FMT runs upward more acutely, starting from the lower end of the surface, forming an angle of 37-54o with the base. The presence of these grooves and the usefulness of their characteristics in distinguishing between these metatarsals, especially in forensic medicine, is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070312
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  • 280
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Knife chatter during thin sectioning of rat incisor enamel can cause periodicities resembling cross-striations (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Cross-striations are traditionally associated with the enamel rods in many species including man. Although these striations are obvious with light microscopy, their exact nature has been difficult to determine with the transmission electron microscope on thin sections of enamel. Thin section microscopy either reveals no structures that can be called cross-striations, or shows periodic light and dark bands across the rods. Superficially, these bands resemble chatter artifact. To test this possibility, rat incisor enamel was used because cross-striations have not been demonstrated on these enamel rods. Thin sections were prepared of enamel blocks oriented in various ways with respect to the cutting edge of the diamond knife. The sections showed either uniform enamel or light and dark bands over rod profiles or interrod enamel. Since these bands could be produced artifactually it is concluded that similar bands seen on enamel rods of other species may also be artifacts.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070315
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  • 281
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The permeability of human amniotic epithelium: Studies using lanthanum as a tracer (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 557-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: To study the permeability of human amniotic epithelium to small molecular weight substances, pieces of nonplacental amnion, with attached chorion laeve and decidua, were exposed to solutions containing lanthanum salts and processed for electron microscopy. Lanthanum penetrated the intercellular spaces and often reached the basal lamina region. In addition, some lanthanum was bound to the glycocalyx of the microvilli on the apical surfaces of the cells. Little lanthanum was found deep to the basal lamina. The results suggest the intercellular pathway is of major importance in the movement of small molecules across amniotic epithelium.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070404
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  • 282
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The tridimensional structure of Nissl bodies: A stereoscopic study in ventral horn cells of rat spinal cord (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 539-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The tridimensional structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum was examined with both high and low voltage electron microscopes in large ventral horn cells of rat spinal cord, by combining stereoscopic techniques with the use of thick sections selectively impregnated with heavy metal salts. In all neurons examined Nissl bodies appeared as well defined clusters of densely stained and profusely anastomosed plate-, ribbon-, and thread-like cisternae. Plate-like cisternae were variable in size, often showed a shallow curvature, and usually ran in short parallel arrays, separated from one another by fairly constant intervals. All gave rise at their edges to several ribbon-like extensions which occasionally decreased in width distally, turning into thin, thread-like cisternae. Characteristically, these ribbon-like structures would emerge at an angle from their plate of origin and smoothly curve away from the plane of the plate to merge with ribbons or threads arising from adjacent or more distant plates. Most plate-like cisternae were found at the periphery of Nissl bodies and tended to be oriented parallel to their surface. In contrast, the center of Nissl bodies was almost exclusively occupied by a complex network of ribbon-and thread-like cisternae. It is suggested that the basic plate/ribbon association here described in spinal motoneurons might be a constant feature of Nissl body architecture in various neuronal types, while the size, orientation, and relative proportion of plate-like cisternae may vary according to the metabolic state and/or functional specialization of the cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070402
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  • 283
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A quantitative ultrastructural analysis of satellite cells in denervated fast and slow muscles of the mouse (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 593-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Mononucleated cells located between the external lamina and sarcolemma of denervated muscle fibers within the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles of adult mice were quantified and examined ultrastructurally from 3 to 65 days after ligating and removing a section of the sciatic nerve. During the first 2 weeks postdenervation, mononucleated cells in denervated muscles were morphologically indistinguishable from satellite cells observed in control muscles. With time, however, many of these satellite-like cells appeared more active as evidenced by a decrease in their nucleocytoplasmic ratio and an increase in their mean percentage of euchromatin material. The number of satellite cells (expressed as a ratio of satellite cell nuclei to satellite cell nuclei plus myonuclei) did not increase significantly until 30 days postdenervation, at which time the mean percentage for the soleus muscle had risen from a control value of 4.1-8.5%, and for the EDL from 1.2-4.1%. Smalldiameter, presumably regenerating, myofibers were occasionally observed but only after 30 days denervation. The ultrastructural evidence plus comparisons of euchromatin distributions between myonuclei and satellite cell nuclei support the concept that an increase in the number of satellite-like cells during denervation is more likely due to satellite cell proliferation than to the formation of mononucleated fragments utilizing preexisting myonuclei.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070407
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  • 284
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Endocytosis of cationized ferritin to vesicles in the Golgi region of the glomus cells dissociated from the adult rat carotid body (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Glomus cells were dissociated from the carotid bodies of adult rats by enzymatic digestion with collagenase. The cells were then incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes to 3 hours in the continuous presence of cationized ferritin (CF) as a membrane marker and extracellular tracer to study the intracellular route of endocytosis in this cell type. After 30 minutes of incubation with CF, occasional solitary CF-containing vesicles were observed at the cell periphery and also in the Golgi region. After 2-3 hours of incubation with CF, cell viability was still preserved and CF-labeled vesicles were abundant in the Golgi region. CF particles were also seen in some vesicles having a dense core. The core of these labeled vesicles appeared to be less electron-dense than that of typical secretory granules. It is suggested that the Golgi apparatus is involved in membrane recycling in glomus cells and that the membrane is then possibly further transported to an immature type of storage vesicle for reusage.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070215
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  • 285
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tissue freeze-drying with a closed drying tube stored in a freezer (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 373-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A simple method of freeze-drying tissue is described that does not require a continuously running vacuum pump. After the frozen tissue is positioned a few centimeters from the dessicant in a drying tube, a vacuum pump is attached briefly to lower the pressure in the drying tube. The drying tube is closed at a pressure of 5 × 10 -3 mm Hg or less, and the tube is stored in a freezer set at the desired temperature. Frog kidneys, 300-400 mg, were dry in about 24 hr at -32°C and 48 hr at -40°C. Since the tissue is dried in individual drying tubes, many tissue samples can be dried at one time.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070217
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  • 286
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural evidence of continued reorganization at the aging (11-26 months) rat soleus neuromuscular junction (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 399-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Ultrastructural remodeling, with evidence of focal deafferentation and reinnervation, occurs within normal young adult rat soleus neuromuscular junctions (Cardasis and Padykula, 1981). This may be related to normal variations in function. Recognition of this plasticity provides a basis for analysis of aging changes in junctional ultrastructure.Thirty soleus junctions were studied between 11 and 26 months of life. In these junctions, compared to younger ones (3-5 months) synaptic sites with the conventional ultrastructure become increasingly sparse. There is an increase in extent and frequency of exposed junctional folds, of intervention of Schwann cell cytoplasm between axon and junctional folds, and of numbers of lysosomes in all cytoplasmic profiles. Often primary clefts are shallow or missing, and secondary folds are widened and contain collagen. Features limited largely to these older junctions include highly pleomorphic myonuclei, deeply invaginated by myofibrils, and an increase in cellular profiles between basal lamina and sarcolemma. The identity of these profiles is unknown.At other locations within many of the same endplates, small intact terminals are associated with larger expanses of junctional folds, and several small terminals occur within the same primary cleft. Such terminals frequently contain dense-cored vesicles. These observations suggest continuation of some terminal axonal regeneration. Thus, the ultrastructure of these aging neuromuscular junctions reveals the same degenerative and regenerative events suggested by the ultrastructure of younger junctions, but suggests a shift in the balance between them.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070303
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  • 287
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphogenesis of motor endplates along the proximodistal axis of the mouse hindlimb (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 473-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The morphogenesis of motor endplates along the proximodistal hindlimb axis is described for the mouse using nonspecific cholinesterase histochemistry and electron microscopy. There is a two day lag in relative stages of development between a proximal muscle (rectus femoris, RF) and a distal muscle (flexor hallucis brevis, FHB). Cholinesterase activity first appears in the RF on embryonic day 15 and the FHB on embryonic day 17. In the following days, faint wisps of reaction product thicken, form small ovals on myotubes, and finally enlarge with internal ramifications as the muscle fibers increase in diameter. Axons first enter the RF between embryonic days 12 and 13, and contact both embryonic cells (most likely myoblasts) and cells assumed to be Schwann cells. Myotubes are present in the RF the following day. The first signs of synapse formation - appearance of symmetrical electron opaque membrane patches, and dense cored and synaptic vesicles - occur between axons and myotubes in the RF on embryonic day 15. During the following days basal lamina material accumulates in the synaptic cleft, coated vesicles and postjunctional folds appear in the myotubes, and synaptic vesicles accumulate in the axon terminals. By postnatal day 42 the axon terminals lay in primary gutters opposite deep secondary postjunctional folds, and are separated and capped by Schwann cell processes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070309
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  • 288
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Retention of generalized hair cell patterns in the inner ear of the primitive flatfish psettodes (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 503-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Flatfish are a group of uniquely asymmetrical vertebrates, lying always on one side. This postural control depends on the vestibular receptors of the inner ear. From the most primitive living flatfish, orientations of sensory hair cells in the inner ear were mapped by scanning electron microscopy. The maps of the three otolith organs, the three semicircular cristae, and the macula neglecta (newly discovered here for flatfish) show patterns that are very similar to those in many upright teleosts, particularly perches. Thus, peripheral sensory structure does not require modification for the unusual postural control of flatfish.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070311
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  • 289
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070401
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  • 290
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Problems associated with the morphometric measurement of transverse skeletal muscle fibers: I. Analysis of frozen sections (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 523-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a number of reported procedures which precede freezing on the cross sectional area of skeletal muscle fibers. Probable sources of variation were recognised as:1Within blocks, same animal, same procedure. Variability in the size of muscle fibers from area-based measurements was determined for the anterior head of the biceps femoris muscle of the rat. Fibers were measured within areas selected at random from sections taken from the same block of tissue. Variance within and between sections was subsequently established.2Between blocks from rats having undergone the same procedure. Variability in the size of muscle fibers measured within areas selected at random from sections taken from different blocks of tissue within the same animal.3Between rats, same or equivalent procedure. Fibers were measured from randomly selected areas within sections taken from blocks of tissue derived from different animals. The muscles were subjected to the same or equivalent treatment prior to freezing.4Between procedures. Restraining muscles prior to and during freezing did not significantly affect the results except the procedure involving holding the muscle between two pairs of forceps. However, the variability was high within and between sections and blocks from the same muscle. It is postulated that the variability is of technical rather than biological origin and may be the result of small focal contractions which occur along the fibers during freezing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070314
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  • 291
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron microscopic study of intramembranous changes in protein-extracted peripheral nervous system myelin (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 563-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Sciatic nerves from young mice were incubated for 2-8 hours in 0.5% Triton X-100 in 0.5 M ammonium acetate, a solution which solubilizes the large and small basic proteins of the myelin sheath. As previously noted (Peterson and Gruener, 1978), myelin sheaths from treated nerves extensively split and unravelled along major dense lines. Small focal areas of compact myelin remained. In freeze-fracture replicas, areas of myelin with lamellar splitting contained few intramembranous particles, while membrane areas with greater than normal densities of particles were associated with the patches of compact myelin membrane. Fixation for as short a time as 15 minutes stabilized the myelin membrane enough to prevent the Triton X-100 effects, even when incubations were extended to 20 hours. Controls, both untreated and 0.5 M ammonium acetate-treated nerves, had predominantly compact myelin sheaths; their leaflets were covered with numerous intramembranous particles. The data suggest that Triton X-100 alters the compact structure of peripheral nervous system myelin. In areas where lamellae are split and separated, there is a loss of intramembranous particles. It appears that the loss of intramembranous particles is related to the removal of the basic proteins which are located in major dense line regions of compact myelin sheaths.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070405
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  • 292
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural distribution of sulfated complex carbohydrates in elastic cartilage of the young rabbit (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 547-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Sulfated glycosaminoglycans are an integral component of elastic cartilage. We have investigated the ultrastructural distribution of sulfated complex carbohydrates (CC)in the mature cartilage and the perichondrium of young rabbit auricles using the high iron diamine-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (HID-TCH-SP) and the tannic acid-ferric chloride (TA-Fe) methods. In the mature cartilage, HID-TCH-SP stained intracellular Golgi saccules of the mature face, secretory granules, and the extracellular matrix granules, but staining was not discernible in collagen fibrils and osmiophilic elastic fibers consisting of only amorphous elastin. The HID and TA-Fe staining were similarly observed in matrix granules, whereas the elastic fibers and collagen fibrils lacked the staining. The pericellular matrix granules had a diameter of 34 ± 5 nm (mean ± SD; n = 30). Thiéry's periodate-TCH-SP (PA-TCH-SP) method stained vicinal glycol-containing CC in collagen fibrils but failed to stain matrix granules and elastic fibers. In the perichondrium, HID-TCH-SP staining of the organelles was less intense in the flattened chondrocytes when compared with those in large mature chondrocytes. The extracellular HID and HID-TCH-SP staining were observed in the matrix granules. The diameter of pericellular matrix granules (19 ± 4 nm, mean ± SD; n = 30) was significantly smaller when compared to those in the mature cartilage (P 〈 0.001). The HID-TCH-SP staining was closely associated with collagen fibrils. However, the staining was not seen in collagen fibrils and osmiophilic elastic fibers consisting of elastin and microfibrils. The PA-TCH-SP method stained collagen fibrils and microfibrils but did not stain the amorphous elastin. Thus these studies demonstrate that sulfated CC are packaged in chondrocyte secretory granules and are released into the extracellular matrix to form matrix granules, but are not incorporated into collagen fibrils and elastic fibers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070403
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  • 293
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunolocalization of carbonic anhydrase isozymes in rat and mouse salivary and exorbital lacrimal glands (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 605-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozyme I and isozyme II have been localized with the immunoperoxidase bridge method in cells of mouse and rat salivary glands and exorbital lacrimal glands. Immunostaining proved optimal in Carnoy fixed specimens for some sites and in Bouin fixed glands for other sites. Staining in mouse largely resembled that in rat glands, but minor species differences were observed. Serous acinar cells in the submandibular gland stained uniformly and exclusively for CA I. From 50 to 100% of the serous acinar cells in the parotid glands evidenced content of both CA I and CA II. A minor population of serous acinar cells in the mouse exorbital lacrimal gland stained for CA I and CA II, but these glands in the rat failed to stain.Immunostaining was observed in ducts in Bouin fixed glands. Some cells in striated ducts of submandibular and sublingual glands stained for CA I and CA II and other cells in these ducts were negative. Such cellular heterogeneity was also observed in excretory ducts of submandibular and sublingual glands. These findings thus demonstrate the presence of CA in two morphologically and functionally diverse cell populations in rodent salivary glands.Immunolocalization of the CA isozymes in serous acinar cells and intercalated duct cells, presumably packaged in secretory granules, implies a role for this enzyme in salivary secretions whereas localization of CA in striated and excretory ducts suggests their traditional function in fluid and electrolyte transport.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070408
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  • 294
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cytochemical study on the distribution of adenylate cyclase in guinea pig testis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 629-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The distribution of adenylate cyclase in testis, by means of a specific substrate adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), has been determined. Membrane-associated reaction products, indicative of adenylate cyclase activity, are localized by a complete cytochemical medium (containing 10 mM NaF) at the level of the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium, on the basal surface of Sertoli cells, and on adjacent plasma membranes of Sertoli cells and spermatogonial cells. At the level of the adluminal compartment, reaction products were found on adjacent plasma membranes of Sertoli cells and early or elongated spermatids. Adenylate cyclase reaction products are detectable by a basal incubation medium (without 10 mM NaF) only in the adluminal compartment on the spermatid plasma membranes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070411
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  • 295
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Three-dimensional reconstruction from serial sections: II. A microcomputer-based facility for rapid data collection (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 207 (1983), S. 665-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A microcomputer-based facility is described that permits the data required for three-dimensional reconstructions to be collected quickly and inexpensively from serial sections. The facility consists of a microcomputer, a digitizer tablet, a graphics terminal, a printer, a plotter, and telephone coupler. Images of serial sections are superimposed on the digitizer tablet. Contours of interest on each section are digitized and the coordinates are stored on “floppy” disks. The problems of putting successive sections in correct register and of taking into account magnification factors are discussed briefly. Use of the facility for high-resolution applications is also considered.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092070415
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  • 296
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamics of lysosomal elements in pulmonary alveolar macrophages: II. Transitory intracytoplasmic events in activated cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 145-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Intracytoplasmic interactions were examined in iron oxideexposed and -unexposed alveolar macrophages of mice by electron microscopy and ultrastructural cytochemistry. Submicronic-sized particles are taken up by microendocytosis into 800-Å tubules that sometimes open up into a large vacuole located midway between the plasmalemma and the Golgi complex and sometimes lead directly to that organelle, which is reactive for acid phosphatase while cells are only modestly engaged in lysosomal synthesis and then serves as the main locus for formation of heterolysosomes. In more activated cells, nascent lumbricoid lysosomes are budded directly off branches of the granular reticulum; in consequence, much of the newly synthesized acid phosphatase bypasses the Golgi apparatus, and heterolysosomes are formed throughout a widened expanse of cytoplasm. The lumbricoids exist either as free elements or as a labyrinthian network of lumbricoid units, and the two forms appear interconvertible. They are short lived in contrast to larger rounded lysosomes more commonly present, many of which are heterolysosomes as judged by their content of ingested particles. Lumbricoids readily fuse with exoplasmic structures; indeed, in some lumbricoid-producing cells terminal segments of the reticulum may share this propetry to a degree, since they resemble transitional elements when extended along large phagosomes. Microendosomes can be taken up into lumbriciods, but if the endosome is larger, lumbricoids will adhere to its surface and become part of the digestive vacuole. A labyrinth is formed to envelop large phagosomes or regions of cytoplasm marked for autophagy. The interior is invaded by branches and digestion ensues. In active macrophages the Golgi apparatus is enlarged. The centrioles organize an array of microtubules about themselves, and individual Golgi stacks are turned outward to give the organelle better access to phagosomes and lysosomes. In less active cells the microtubules disappear, and the stacks reform in a circle about the diplosome. Alveolar macrophages therefore make a variety of lysosomes. Depending on cellular activity, one kind or another predominates. Few of them fall cleanly into “primary” and “secondary” classes, and in their interactions with other cellular structures they are influenced by mechanisms operating on microscopic as well as molecular scales.
    Zusätzliches Material: 40 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060204
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  • 297
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Giant bistratified bipolar cells in monkey retina (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A bipolar cell type with a dendritic span in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) larger than any other type of monkey retinal bipolar cell and an axon which terminates in two separate strata (Polyak's 7a and 7d) of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) are described from Golgi-impregnations of the rhesus monkey retina. These giant bistratified bipolar cells connect with many cones in the OPL, and although the axon has terminals in both the outer and inner parts of the IPL, Golgi-electron microscopy (EM) demonstrates that the nature of this cell type's dendritic contacts with cones is as wide-cleft basal junctions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060210
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  • 298
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of a method for quantitative stress analysis in bones by three-dimensional photoelasticity (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Comparative critical examination of methods suitable for studying stress in bones have shown that the three-dimensional photoelastic method is one of the most reliable. Described herein is the method for obtaining, by fusion, full-scale models in epoxy resin, that are exactly equivalent to external shape of the prototypes.This technique offers the advantages of being applicable without variation to any bone segment and of enabling a large number of additional resin castings to be made from the same mould. Hence it is possible to produce a very large number of copies of the same bone segment that will be suitable for comparative studies of different load situations.As an example, quantitative data expressing both surface and internal tension trends in the proximal third of a normal human femur are given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060212
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  • 299
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Secretory process in Brunner's glands during recovery from stimulation with a single dose of pilocarpine (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 267-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The secretory pathway and kinetics of the secretory process were studied in Brunner's glands of mice after stimulation of secretion with a parasympatho-mimetic drug. Adult male mice were injected with pilocarpine, while unstimulated controls received saline. The animals were subsequently administered an intravenous injection of 3H-threonine, and tissue was prepared for electron microscope autoradiography at intervals ranging from 5 minutes to 2 hours after injection of the radioactive precursor. Stimulation with pilocarpine resulted in discharge of secretory granules, which was reflected in a significantly lower percentage of the cell volume occupied by granules. In both control and stimulated mice, at 5 minutes after injection of 3H-threonine, the highest percentage of silver grains over the rough endoplasmic reticulum declined at later intervals, and a peak of labeling was observed over the Golgi apparatus at 1 hour. Labeling of the secretory granules increased in the 1- and 2-hour samples from both control and stimulated mice, although the relative concentration of radioactivity in both Golgi-associated and apical secretory granules was greater in stimulated than control glands at 1 hour. The results suggest that the secretory protein produced by Brunner's glands was synthesized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and transported to the Golgi apparatus where secretory granules were formed in both stimulated and control glands. Depletion of secretory granules by prior stimulation resulted in no change in the kinetics of arrival of radioactivity in the cell organelles involved in the secretory process. However, the drainage of the radioactive label from the rough endoplasmic reticulum was significantly slower in the stimulated glands than in the controls. The existence of two subcompartments within the rough endoplasmic reticulum is among the possible explanations for the latter observation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060305
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  • 300
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hypotelorism in trisomy 1-producing mice (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 206 (1983), S. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Trisomy 1 embryos in mice are smaller in all dimensions, showing a developmental retardation as compared with euploid mice. Very rarely the trisomic embryos develop a typical hypotelorism with holoprosencephalon and missing olfactory nerves. Corneal distances, angles between the optic nerves and further microscopic examination showed no intermediate forms between the trisomy 1 embryos and the rare trisomy 1 embryo with hypotelorism. There seems to be a threshold, beyond which the major developmental derangement occurred. This is an experimental model showing parallels to the occasional varying phenotypes in human trisomies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092060309
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