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  • 1965-1969  (379)
  • 1968  (379)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (379)
  • 101
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    Vascularization and basement membranes of the chick brain in light microscopySupported by grant HE 09041, United States Public Health Service, under the direction of Dr. Frank N. Low. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Blood vessels were first observed in the hindbrain of chick embryos at stage 20 (three to three and one half days incubation). At this time the central nervous system had a complete PAS-positive basement membrane. The surrounding blood vessels did not have a similar investment. An attenuated basement membrane, continuous with the one on the nervous tissue, enveloped each invading vessel. Invading vascular sprouts entered as solid cords which soon developed lumens and became functional capillaries.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610104
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
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    Surgically induced hypertrophy in skeletal muscles of the laboratory mouse (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 69-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two surgical techniques were used to increase the work load per fiber in mouse skeletal muscles. These were, part removal of the muscle and incapacitation of a synergetic muscle. Both techniques were used for the soleus muscle. They resulted in the fiber size distribution of this muscle, which was normally unimodal, becoming distinctly bimodal. The same effect was obtained for the part removal of the anterior tibialis muscle. For the above mentioned muscles the extent of hypertrophy was very considerable. The recorded increase in the mean fiber cross-sectional area was in the region of 56% to 92%. Part removal of the biceps brachii however produced only a comparatively slight increase in fiber size (9%). In this case the normal muscle was bimodal and the effect of part removal was to slightly increase the size of the second peak. The reason for the two peaks occurring in the distributions of fiber size in some muscles was due to the presence of fibers at a basic level of development and also the presence of hypertrophied fibers. The increase in mean fiber size resulting from an increased work load was in all cases, due to a proportion of the basic fibers undergoing hypertrophy and not due to a gradual increase in the size of all the fibers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610107
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  • 103
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    A quantitative study on the Vasa nervorum in the ulnar nerve of catsSupported by American Heart Association grant 66 662. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sources of blood supply to the ulnar nerves of 15 cats were determined by latex and Pelikan India Ink injections and a quantitative account was given of the numbers and internal diameters of blood vessels in the nerves. The following conclusions were drawn: 1The proximal portion of the ulnar nerve usually receives its blood supply from the brachial artery. Proximal to the olecranon, the nerve is supplied by the ulnar collateral artery whereas immediately distal to the olecranon the nerve is always supplied by the recurrent ulnar artery. The palmar and dorsal cutaneous branches of the ulnar nerve receive their arterial supply from the ulnar artery.2The geatest number of blood vessels is located in the middle portion of the nerve with a mean of 313 blood vessels one centimeter proximal to the olecranon and a mean of 322 vessels one centimeter distal to the olecranon. The smallest number of blood vessels is in the dorsal cutaneous nerve with a mean of 140 vessels.3The internal diameter of the intrinsic vasa nervosa ranged between 2.7 and 51.8 μ. Approximately 92% of the blood vessels have an internal diameter of less than 10 μ.4The ratio of blood vessels to myelinated nerve fibers is fairly constant at about 1:25 for all levels of the ulnar nerve.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610111
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  • 104
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    Changes in pituitary-gonadal interrelations during perinatal days in the ratThis work was supported in part by United States Public Health Service research grant TW 00161 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The reciprocal relation between the pituitary and the gonads in perinatal rats was studied by gravimetric or volumetric measurements of gonads and by estimations of the collective volume of Leydig cells by the method of Chalkley ('43).Hypophysectomy of a 20-day-old male fetus by decapitation caused two days later a retardation of the testicular growth and a fall of the collective volume of Leydig cells, these effects being prevented by injected GTH. Testosterone prevented somewhat the retardation but did not prevent the change in Leydig cells. The collective volume of Leydig cells fell sharply just after birth and this fall was overcome with injected GTH. In fetuses unilateral castration caused some enlargement of the remaining testis, but in newborn rats such change did not occur. These observations suggest that the pituitary governs largely the Leydig cells before birth and reduces its LH activity after birth.The fetal ovaries were not affected by decapitation or decapitation and GTH injection and the newborn ovaries were not modified by injected GTH. In an extra uterine parabiosis of a decapitated male and an intact female fetus, the testes failed to gain weight, although the adrenals grew normally. These observations suggest that the female pituitary during late fetal and early postnatal days has no gonad-stimulating activity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610203
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  • 105
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    Distribution of ACTH in the hypophysis of necturusSupported by National Institutes of Health, General Research Support Grant. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The winter Necturus hypophysis both whole and selectively divided was extracted in N/10 HCl (0.25 ml per gland or gland portion). Extracts were diluted with normal saline (1:100 and 1:400) and injected 2 ml/100 gm body weight) into groups of 10 or 12 male, hydrocortisone-blocked assay rats (method of Hodges and Vernikos ('60). Groups of control hydrocortisone-blocked male rats received corresponding volumes of a standard ACTH solution. ACTH content of extracts was appraised by measuring the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion induced as compared with control depletions. A 2 + 2 assay design was employed; results and their fiducial limits (P = 0.95) calculated.The ACTH content of the anterior zone of pars buccalis is that of the entire hypophysis. No ACTH was detected in gland portions consisting of the basophilic bed and transitional zone of pars buccalis plus the neural lobe of pars neuralis. ACTH occurs throughout the anterior zone but is more abundant in its caudal two-thirds both in milliunits (mU) per milliliter of extract and mU/mg of pituitary tissue. This distribution of corticotrophic activity is coincident with the distribution of anterior zone acidophile cells.Regional and cellular sources of ACTH in mammals and amphibia are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610405
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  • 106
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    Proceedings of the american association of anatomists eighty-first meeting (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 529-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610415
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  • 107
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    A relationship between ovarian and genital tract eosinophilic granulated cellsSubmitted for publication December 18, 1967, with the approval of the Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station as Journal 3886. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Estrogen secretion by the ovary, as estimated by changes in genital tract tissues, can be directly correlated with the appearance of eosinophilic granulated cells within the ovarian tissues. Ovarian eosinophilia and development of the genital tract of the gilt are prominent from the eleventh to fifteenth days of the estrous cycle, between the twenty-fourth and forty-fourth, and after the eighty-sixth days of pregnancy. It is suggested that the appearance of eosinophilic granulated cells in ovarian tissues is a direct effect of ovarian estrogens, as is the appearance of genital tract eosinophilic granulated cells subsequent to estrogen release from the ovaries. The appearance of eosinophilic granulated cells in ovarian tissues provides a means whereby the portion of the ovary involved in estrogen secretion can be identified. Eosinophilic granulated cells were observed in thecal layers of secondary, tertiary and atretic follicles and in the connective tissues surrounding and penetrating recently formed corpora lutea. Ovarian eosinophilic granulated cells are not of immediate blood origin, but arise from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. In the process of accumulation of eosinophilic granules and modification of nuclear chromatin to bi- or multinucleated forms, cellular death occurs and the granules and chromatin particles are released in the tissues.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620102
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  • 108
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    The nictitating membranes of primatesPublication no. 2 from the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, supported in part by grant FR 00163 of the National Institutes of Health and by funds from grants AM 08445 and Am 05512. Also supported in part by funds from the Revlon Research Center, Inc., New York. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 53-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Of 22 species of subhuman primates examined, 21 have a well developed nictitating membrane; it is vestigial only in Pan satyrus/troglodytes. The sizes of membranes range from those that cover only one-tenth of the eye (Gorilla gorilla) to those that extend over the entire eye (Perodicticus potto and Arctocebus calabarensis). Nictitans, best developed in the lower primates, have a free border that is generally heavily pigmented. With the exception of Galago crassicaudatus, all prosimians studied have a membrane that contains a cartilaginous band; cartilage is also present in Cacajao rubicundus, Cebus albifrons, and Saimiri sciureus. The outer surface of the nictitans of all species of anthropoids has mucous glands; that of the prosimians has few of them. Serous glands are present only in the Lorisoidea; in anthropoids serous glands are confined to the adjacent conjunctiva. Mast cells occur with great frequency in prosimians. Elastic fibers are better developed in anthropoids. Muscle fibers are present only in the nictitating membranes of Lemur monoz and Callithrix aurita. Vellus hairs grow on the outer surface of the nictitans in many of the species studied.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620106
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  • 109
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    Books received (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 121-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620111
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  • 110
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    Stage dependent transfer of systemically injected foreign protein antigen and radiolabel into mouse ovarian folliclesSupported by United States Atomic Energy Commission contract No. AT (11-1)-34. Project Agreement No. 53. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 139-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The appearance of albumin-like antigen and of radioisotope in mouse ovarian follicles following the systemic injection of 10 mg human serum albumin I131 (HSAI131) was studied by immunohistological and autoradiographic methods.Both isotope and antigen appeared in granulosa cell cytoplasm, ooplasm and oocyte nuclei in similar (or identical) positions. Qualitative impressions from fluorescent antibody preparations were that follicle stages (I, smallest; IX, largest) differed in relative amounts of detectable albumin-like antigen. In addition, autoradiographic grain counts over 1421 follicles, compared by Sign Test, demonstrated statistically significant stage differences in amount of isotope detected. Radiolabel (and HSA-like antigen) in ooplasm was highest at Stages I and VII-IX and lowest at Stage III. Granulosa cell amounts were highest at Stage III and higher than or equal to ooplasm amounts at every other stage (except, perhaps IX). The relative amount of “label,” antigenic or isotopic, in oocyte nuclei was always less than in ooplasm and increase or decrease occurred one stage later than in ooplasm. The relative amount of radiolabel in ovarian blood vessels always exceeded that in granulosa cells and oocytes.The data are consistent with the interpretation that: (a) systemically injected foreign protein was transferred without major degradation from the blood to constituent cells of the mouse ovarian follicle; (b) transfer was stage dependent; (c) transfer occurred both before granulosa cells completely surrounded the oocyte and after oocyte microvilli and granulosa cell processes interdigitated; and, (d) transfer followed a concentration gradient.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620203
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  • 111
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    The fine structure of secretory ameloblasts in rat incisors (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 211-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the ameloblasts which secrete the inner enamel matrix in rat incisors was described using light and electron microscopy. The tissue was fixed by perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and gently decalcified in isotonic EDTA.The ameloblasts are tall cells forming a simple columnar epithelium. The base is adjacent to the stratum intermedium and the apex (Tomes' process) extends into newly-formed enamel. The infranuclear zone is divided by the basal cell web into a small basal bulge adjacent to the stratum intermedium, and a larger compartment containing most of the cell's mitochondria. The supranuclear zone contains the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The rough endoplasmic reticulum predominates in the proximal and distal regions of this zone where it occupies most of the cell width. In the intermediate region, the rough endoplasmic reticulum surrounds a central tubule-shaped Golgi apparatus, the tubule wall being made up of flattened saccules. The Golgi region of ameloblasts is associated with coated vesicles, two types of granules (light and dark) which may be lysosomes, and a characteristic dense content granule shown to be the enamel precursor (0.16 μ diameter).The supranuclear zone is separated from Tomes' process by the apical cell web. Tomes' process is devoid of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi material, but contains numerous dense content granules as well as microtubules and coated vesicles. The amorphous dense content granules are the precursors of the highly orientated fibrous enamel matrix. The proximity of the process to the fibrous enamel suggests that it is involved in orientation of these fibrils. Since bundles of fibrils constitute rods, the process would seem also to be involved in enamel rod orientation.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610207
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  • 112
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    Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Five fetal and ten adult fur seal tongue were investigated. The number and shape of the vallate papillae vary from one to five on the different tongues. They are intermediate between the fungiform and circumvallate papillae in their neurohistological features. There are a few taste buds on the upper surface without a trench. They are supplied by large basal nerve plexuses with many argyrophilic and argyrophobic multipolar nerve cells and by abundant mixed glands with widely dilated ducts opening directly on the dorsal surface. The tongues lack foliate papillae. Fungiform papillae are scanty on the dorsum, and they have a nerve supply but no taste buds in the upper surface. Between the musculature three types of sensory nerve terminations are found: One, a nerve bundle consisting of inner longitudinal and outer circular fibers, two, a ramified complex termination and three a knob ending. The latter two are probably receptors of the internal depth-sense in the tongue. Apical mixed glands are present.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610211
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  • 113
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    Some observations on the cerebral arterial circles of mink (Mustela vison)Presented as a paper from the platform at the Eighty-first Session of the American Association of Anatomists, April 9-12, 1968. New Orleans, Louisiana. Anat. Rec., 160: 321 (abstract). (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 311-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: With the exception of a brief allusion to an unidentified species of Mustela with regard to cerebral vascular studies by de Vriese ('05), major information concerning the circle of Willis in mink was nonexistent until the present investigation. Brains of mink in which the cerebral arterial circles were injected with latex and subsequently hardened in formalin, revealed the primary cerebral arterial anastomosis to be ring-like in form; all of the component vessels were patent and well formed, none was attenuated or string-like.Some of the more prominent findings included: (1) a predominance of asymmetric divergence of the posterior communicating arteries separating from the bifurcating basilar artery; (2) the presence of a posterior intercommunicating artery in all of the specimens; (3) the occasional doubling of the superior cerebellar and the posterior cerebral arteries; (4) deeply placed internal cerebral loops forming secondary arterial anastomoses between some penetrating vessels in the caudal region of the circle; other loops interconnected other penetrating vessels in the rostral region of the circle; (5) blood channels forming an intercarotid anastomosis traversed the pia mater; (6) the presence of a penetrating artery adjunctive to the recurrent artery of Heubner; (7) anastomoses between the internal and the external ophthalmic arteries, and between the internal and the external olfactory arteries forming collateral channels of communication between the intracranial and the extracranial circulations; (8) the occasional presence of an anterior communicating artery supplementing the commonly occurring azygos anterior cerebral artery which continued as a single vessel throughout its extent; (9) unjoined anterior cerebral arteries in one animal which was exceptional.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610304
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  • 114
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    Effects of amputation of limbs and digits of lacertid lizards (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 489-495 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although the majority of adult lizards are able to regenerate lost portions of tails, only rarely have instances of limb or digit regeneration been observed. The present work describes the histological features of the stumps of limbs and digits of Lacerta vivipara and Lacerta dugesii at various times after amputation, and compares these features with those which are seen after amputation or autotomy of the tail. The results show that the early stages of healing of the limbs and digits are similar to the early stages of tail regeneration. The epidermis which migrates over the wound becomes thickened, and cells released from dedifferentiating stump tissues accumulate beneath it. In one case, that of a digit, a papilla was seen extending from the wound epidermis into the blastema. During the later stages of healing differences between the events taking place in the limbs and digits, and the tail, become marked. The blastema fails to increase in size, and it appears that most of its cells are converted into a cartilage cap and sleeve investing the cut end of the bone. An investigation has also been made of the regenerative ability of the limbs of embryonic Lacerta vivipara. Limbs were amputated in ovo at various stages of embryonic life, but no cases of regeneration were observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610411
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  • 115
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    Sperm maturation in the male reproductive tract: Development of motilitySupported by a bio-medical fellowship from the Population Council and by USPHS grant HD-03464 from the National Institutes of Health awarded to Dr. Richard J. Blandau. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 471-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit spermatozoa were removed from various levels of the male reproductive tract. They were examined in Hanks' solution at room temperature with a phase contrast microscope and their motility characteristics were recorded cinematographically.Spermatozoa from the seminiferous tubules and ductuli efferentes show weak, vibratory movements with no forward progress. Little change in motility occurs until the sperm reach the flexure of the caput epididymidis where some are capable of moving more vigorously in a circular fashion. Samples from the distal caput epididymidis show a sudden increase in sperm activity and a consistent pattern of tight, circular movement. As the sperm traverse the corpus epididymidis, increasing numbers show progressive, forward movement with longitudinal rotation. The proportion of such sperm becomes significant only in samples from the upper cauda epididymidis and more distal regions. Sperm from the ductus deferens rarely retain the circular movement.It is concluded that rabbit spermatozoa undergo a distinct sequence of changes in their swimming movements as they mature in the epididymis. A similar change was noted in epididymal spermatozoa from the rat and guinea pig suggesting that this process is fundamental to sperm maturation in several species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610409
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  • 116
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    Muscle spindles in the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the Rhesus monkey's (Macaca mulatta) tongueThis study was supported in part by a Public Health Service training grant, no. 5-TO1-NB 05420-05, from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Public Health Service. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 483-487 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuromuscular spindles were searched for in the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the rhesus monkey's tongue. Transverse, horizontal and parasagittal sections were obtained from the tongues of three animals and stained with the Weigert-van Gieson technique. The results showed that spindles were distributed in all of the intrinsic muscles as well as in certain of the extrinsic muscles. The potential significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the feedback pattern derived from the lingual spindles in response to tongue activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610410
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  • 117
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    Books received (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610414
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  • 118
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    Occurrence of fluorescent granules in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellumSupported in part by U.S.P.H.S. General Research Support Grant to University of Illinois. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 25-31 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: When examined in the fluorescence microscope, cells of the central nervous system exhibit intense, yellow, naturally fluorescent granules throughout their cytoplasm. In the mouse, cat and man, the granules are absent at birth and present in adults. A study of the development of these granules in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum was made in the mouse and cat. There is a rapid increase in the number of fluorescent granules in postnatal life. The granules probably represent lysosomes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620103
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  • 119
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    The use of oxone to facilitate specific tissue stainability following osmium fixationThis research was supported in part by Research grant AM 11407 from the U.S. Public Health Service. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 43-51 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The specific stainability of 1-3 μ thick sections of tissue prepared for electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde and osmium fixation and araldite embedding is greatly enhanced after oxidation with Oxone. This monopersulfate has been found to leave tissue section in a suitable condition for applying a trichrome stain as well as a specific silver impregnation. These methods are described in detail. The mode of action of Oxone is poorly understood.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620105
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  • 120
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    Migration of embryos in the anastomosed uterine horns of the pigThis investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research grant HD01987 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 137-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: One ovary was removed from 28 gilts and the uterus was transected, closed and anastomosed in one of four patterns. In three of the patterns the uterine horns were jointed near the uterotubal junction and in the fourth pattern the uterus formed one continuous tube from one oviduct to the cervix. Gilts were mated, then killed at 15 to 60 days of gestation when fetuses were located. The proportion of gilts pregnant was lower (P 〈 0.05) in the two groups requiring passage of sperm through an anastomosis than in the two groups where fertilization did not require that sperm traverse an anastomosis. Ten gilts were pregnant when killed and embryos were distributed in both horns in each gilt. Embryos can pass through an anastomosis and migrate and are spaced quite evenly even after disturbance of the normal anatomical relationships between uterine horns.
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    Electron microscopic study of somatotropic and lactotropic pituitary cells of the Syrian hamsterResults were presented in part before the American Association of Anatomists, Kansas City, Missouri, April 7, 1967. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 123-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Somatotropic (STH) and lactotropic (LTH) cell types of the Syrian hamster's adenohypophysis are readily identified by electron microscopy. Pituitaries of growing and lactating animals were studied to establish the identity of these cell types. The pituitaries of normal, gonadectomized and thyroidectomized adult male and female hamsters were also examined. Distribution of these cell types was determined by examining all blocks of half the gland in adults and of the whole gland in immature animals. Electron microscopic fields were systematically photographed and cell types counted.The STH and LTH cells are distinguished by the size of the secretory granules which measure maximally 300 and 700 mμ, respectively. A marked predominance of STH and LTH cells is present in the intact adult female gland. Approximately equal numbers of STH and LTH cells are seen in the female gland, whereas, there are significantly fewer LTH cells in the male adenohypophysis. The proportion of the gland comprising STH cells, however, appears to be constant in both male and female.Both cell types are distributed throughout the gland with no regional localization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620201
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  • 122
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    Localization of phosphate in bone cells of fresh calvaria by means of a dilute silver acetate solutionThis research project was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health General Research Support Grant, and in part by a grant, HD AM 02803, from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The silver-substitution procedure originally recommended by von Kossa was modified to localize soluble phosphate in bone cells. Calvaria from newborn to five-day-old Wistar rats were stained fresh in 0.03% Ag acetate prepared in 5% mannitol solution. The substituted silver was reduced to its metallic state with 1% pyrogallol. The tissues were then dehydrated, cleared, and mounted whole. The cytoplasm of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts contained black granules which were thought to be sites of phosphates or carbonates. The intracellular black granules were shown not to be due to either chloride precipitation or to silver reduction by ascorbic acid. Both of these compounds were localized outside the cells. Tests to determine the state of the localized phosphate or carbonate in the cells showed that the anions were not in the ionic or diffusible state nor organically bound, but complexed to calcium. This was shown by elution of phosphates from the cells when calcium was chelated by Na2 EDTA in 5% mannitol solution at pH 7. The intracellular black granules were thought not to be sites of insoluble calcium phosphate or carbonate but sites of readily stainable, calcium phosphate which is rendered nondiffusible by being bound to protein or mucoprotein.
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  • 123
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    Responses of livers of mice to type of dietary fatThis study was supported by grants HE-07318 and HE-04052 from the National Institute of Health, U.S.P.H.S. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nine edible oils or fats (hydrogenated coconut, cod liver, Wesson, linseed, olive, butter, lard, corn and cocoa-butter) were fed to Swiss albino mice for 90 days to study the effects of saturation, chain length, and essential fatty acid content on the liver. The specific oil or fat (selected for ranges in above variables) was used as the diet fat in a high-fat (28%), low-protein (8%), hypolipotropic diet. Half the animals received choline chloride (2 gm/100 gm) as a lipotropic supplement.Within the supplemented groups, ceroid pigment was limited to livers of mice fed cod liver oil. Among the unsupplemented groups, production of ceroid varied with the iodine value (IV) of the diet fat. Fats with low IV produced no pigment; intermediate IV showed ceroid distended Kupffer cells distributed throughout the hepatic lobule, while large, acellular, vacuolated masses of ceroid resulted from fats with highest IV.Hepatic liposis was minimal in supplemented groups; maximal in unsupplemented groups. Hepatic stroma was within normal limits in all groups. Production of ceroid pigment appeared to be unrelated to degree of liposis or fibrosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620210
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    Histological, histochemical, and cytological observations on the adrenal gland of the wild white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 275-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several cytological features of the adrenal gland of the wild whitefooted mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, are described. Nuclei of cortical cells vary widely in size. Medullary cells may be divided into two populations: one with cytoplasm staining intensely with basic dyes and the other with faintly-staining cytoplasm. Photometric measurements of the DNA content of Feulgen-stained cortical nuclei show many nuclei containing 4C and 8C amounts of DNA. The distribution of the polyploid nuclei varies in different adrenal zones. Nuclei in the zona glomerulosa are almost all 2C. A majority of those in the zona fasciculata are 4C and 8C. Those in the zona reticularis fall predominantly into a 2C class, with some 4C and 8C nuclei. Groups of formalin-fixed medullary cells staining intensely with hematoxylin, toluidine blue O, and azure B correspond in location, arrangement, and morphology to those indicating the presence of epinephrine by several histochemical techniques. The substances responsible for the basophilia may be acidic proteins rich in carboxyl groups, since (1) RNase treatment does not appreciably diminish the basophilia; (2) all medullary cells are only faintly PAS-positive; and (3) the staining behavior of the more basophilic cells, when exposed to azure B solutions buffered to acid pH's, follows that to be expected when this dye is bound by tissue carboxyl groups.
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    The ultrastructure of the parathyroid glands of young catsThe study was supported in part by the Morris Foundation and grant GM 1052, National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 327-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the parathyroid glands of normal rapidly growing cats (9-22 weeks of age) was described and compared with the findings reported in other species. The predominating active chief cells were relatively electron-dense and contained well developed organelles and frequent secretory granules. Inactive chief cells were slightly larger and had a more electron-transparent cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic organelles were less well developed and secretory granules were less frequent than in the active chief cells. Oxyphil cells or transitional forms were not identified in the parathyroid glands of kittens. Occasional cilia were observed in chief cells. They arose near centrioles and protruded from the plasma membrane into the intercellular space.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620307
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  • 126
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    A study on the radial supply of the human brachialis muscle (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 363-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fate of the radial nerve in the human brachialis muscle, a subject of dispute regarding its frequency of occurrence and nature of innervation, was studied in eight pairs of this muscle. A constant occurrence of radial supply to the brachialis muscle was found. With the exception of two cases which were discarded on account of defects, all brachialis of the sample definitely showed motor as well as sensory innervations by the radial nerve in addition to the major supply by the musculocutaneous nerve. The number and regional distribution of spindle capsules were also determined in all cases. A complete analysis in one of them showed that 7% of the spindle population in the entire muscle were supplied by the radial nerve and that their distribution was confined to the deep lateral quadrant for an extent about half of the muscle length. The probable dorsal origin of this muscle was discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620311
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    Antler growth and osteoporosis I. Morphological and morphometric changes in the costal compacta during the antler growth cycleSupported by N.I.H. grant 5-T1-DE-130-01, 02, 03 and A-1357-C4-C5. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three three-year-old Rocky Mountain mule deer were studied for a year to determine the role of skeletal mineral in antler growth. Costal biopsy material, which was obtained at four-week intervals, was analyzed histologically and histometrically. There was a cyclic mobilization of costal cortical bone during antler growth despite the dietary access to high quantities of elements essential for bone development. Following antler growth the ribs returned to a stable configuration with few resorption spaces. Corresponding to the period of possible weakening from the internal remodeling, there also appeared to be a thickening of the cortical bone by circumferential lamellar addition. A cyclic physiological osteoporosis was produced.
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    Investigations on the innervation of the diaphragm in cats and rodents (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 425-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In cats, rats and mice the diaphragm possesses an intrinsic plexus of nerve fibres which are concentrated in a narrow band situated approximately halfway between the edge of the central tendon and the peripheral attachment of the musculature. Contributions to the plexus originate in both phrenic and lower six intercostal nerves and both possess three categories of fibres. The first is composed of unmyelinated fibres which ramify on the walls of companion vessels. The second comprises myelinated fibres ranging from 6-10 μ in diameter and these have been classified as afferent components. The third category, forming the major part of the phrenic outflow but only a minor part of intercostal contributions, comprises inyelinated fibres which range from 10-16 μ in diameter and possess preterminal expansions. Phrenic fibres of the third category have been identified as efferent components because they terminate in motor end plates but the function of corresponding intercostal components cannot be defined conclusively.Quantitative studies at three distinct levels within each of ten phrenic nerves in cats, show an increase in the number of myelinated fibres of diameter 12-20 μ in the peripheral third of the nerve. This suggests that the phrenic nerve receives an accession of fibres in its peripheral third.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620404
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  • 129
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    Chloride movements during perfusion fixation with glutaraldehydeThis investigation was supported in part by grant G.B. 6698 from the National Science Foundation. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 467-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cerebral and cerebellar cortices of mice were subjected to a histochemical method for the demonstration of chloride after perfusion fixation with glutaraldehyde. Unfixed, nonasphyxiated cortices subjected to the same chloride method were used as controls. Sections of control material showed a rather uniform chloride distribution in which only the pia and the blood vessels stood out as dark structures containing an appreciable amount of chloride. Sections of glutaraldehyde fixed cerebral cortex showed an accumulation of chloride in apical dendrites. In glutaraldehyde fixed cerebellar cortex the chloride accumulated in the fibers of Bergmann and sometimes in the large dendrites of Purkinje cells. The chloride movement during glutaraldehyde perfusion is in all respects comparable with the movement of chloride caused by asphyxiation of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620408
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    The origin and the course of the communicating branch of the facial nerve to the lesser petrosal nerve in man (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 511-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to clarify the origin and the course of the communicating branch, 25 human nerve complexes (entire intra-osseous part of the facial nerve, greater petrosal nerve, lesser petrosal nerve, communicating branch, auricular branch of the vagus) and stapedius muscles were dissected out and removed as a whole. Each of the 25 complexes was dehydrated, sectioned serially at 10-20 μ, and either stained with Luxol Fast Blue or treated with a silver technique. The communicating branch was observed to originate from the auricular branch of the vagus. It ascended first along the anterior side of the third intra-osseous part of the facial nerve and then penetrated the stapedius. From within the stapedius some of its fibers continued anteriorly as a nerve bundle through the facial sheath of the second intra-osseous part of the nerve. This nerve bundle separated from the seventh nerve upon approaching the geniculate ganglion, and joined the lesser petrosal nerve. The communicating branch consisted mainly of small myelinated fibers in the course of which either isolated ganglion cells or small ganglia were sometimes present.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620413
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    The effect of Steroids on mitosis and maintenance of pregnancy in spayed ratsThis work was supported by grants T1 HD 24 and A-3061 from the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rats were ovariectomized on the eighth day of pregnancy and either 10 or 20 mg of progesterone, 10 mg of progesterone with 1 μg estradiol benzoate or 1 μg estradiol benzoate alone were administered between the eighth and twelfth day. On the twelfth day tritiated thymidine was injected to study mitoses in the junctional zone cells of the placenta by autoradiography, and tracings of spontaneous uterine contractions were made. Twenty milligrams of progesterone daily sustained pregnancy to the twelfth day in spayed rats as effectively as it was sustained in the untreated normal rats; 10 mg progesterone daily was less effective and 10 mg progesterone with 1 μg estradiol benzoate did not maintain normal pregnancy. Progesterone produced normal rates of mitosis in the placental trophoblast cells of spayed rats. No correlation was found between the maintenance of pregnancy and decreased contractions of the myometrium in this study. The injection of 20 mg progesterone produced patterns of contraction similar to the normal contraction patterns and differing from those found in spayed rats and in rats injected with 10 mg progesterone, progesterone and estradiol benzoate or estradiol benzoate alone. It is concluded that a sufficient supply of progesterone maintains both normal mitotic activity in the trophoblastic cells and normal patterns of contraction by the muscle of the uterus.
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    Orthogonal arrays of Microtubules in flattening cells of the epidermisThis work was supported by USPH grants GM-06637 and T1CA-5055. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 109-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Microtubules, 210-230 Å in diameter and many microns in length, with an associated “clear zone” around them, 450-550 Å in diameter, are demonstrated in large numbers in cells of the Stratum Granulosum of newborn rat epidermis. Few microtubules are found in the uppermost portion of the Stratum Granulosum nor are they found above this layer in the Stratum Corneum. Few microtubules are found in the germinal cells of the epidermis. Upon entering the Stratum Granulosum, cells undergo shape changes involving elongation and flattening. Microtubules have elsewhere been implicated in whole cell movement and in the movement of portions of cytoplasm, including specifically cell elongation and the related functions of maintenance of asymmetric cell shapes and projections. Evidence is presented here in support of the hypothesis that microtubules are the basic cytoplasmic structure responsible for this motility. Two cortical arrays of microtubules, parallel and orthogonal in orientation, are demonstrated at different stages of cell flattening in epidermis. If the mode of action of microtubules is undulation and resulting “intracytoplasmic peristalis,” these orthogonal arrays represent a mechanism for the formation of the shape of squamous cells. The similar orientations of microtubule populations in many cells would seem to indicate that microtubule undulation and the resulting interaction between neighboring cells accounts for the transmission of axes of orientation between cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600110
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    The Tylotrich (Hair) follicle of the american opossumThis investigation was supported in part by United States Public Health Service Research grants GM-09780 and FR-5417. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tylotrich follicles are present in the skin of the marsupial, the American opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Their morphology, ancillary structures, time of development, size and distribution of epidermal pads, are similar to tylotrich follicles found in eutherian mammals. The presence of tylotrich follicles in the marsupial suggests that they arose early in the evolution of mammalian skin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600203
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    Development of pancreases and adrenals of rat embryos in organ cultureAided by N.I.H. grant HD-412. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Developing pancreases from rat embryos of the sixteenth day of pregnancy and adrenals from embryos of the nineteenth day were grown in organ culture for six days. The cultures were transferred to fresh media twice, after 48 hours and after 96 hours of incubation. Control cultures consisted of pancreas alone and of adrenal alone.The pancreatic islets which were too young to have granulated beta cells on the sixteenth day of pregnancy differentiated into islets with many granulated beta cells during the culture period of six days. The pattern of granulated beta cells and the estimated number of these cells in cultures with adrenals were variable (not consistently different from those in the control cultures without adrenals).The adrenals from embryos of the nineteenth day had two zones of the fetal cortex outer and inner. Cultures of adrenals survived. The adrenals, whether minced or unminced at the time of the explantation and whether cultured alone or with pancreases, underwent little if any additional differentiation during the culture period.
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    Central projections of selected spinal dorsal roots in anuran amphibiansThis work was supported in part by USPHS grant 5 RO1 NB 05494. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 279-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The total central distribution of single brachial or lumbar dorsal roots has been assessed in toad (Bufo marinus) and in frog (Rana catesbeiana). Two methods were employed to examine the afferent fibers. The uranyl nitrate modification of the Nauta method (Nauta, '66) was used to study degenerating elements resulting from single root transection. A radioautographic tracing technique was also employed to examine the distribution of essentially normal afferent fibers. This latter method involved local injection of small amounts of L-leucine-H3 into a single ganglion of otherwise intact nerves and subsequent determination of location of the incorporated label in the CNS. The distribution was ascertained by counting silver grains microscopically in radioautographs of the CNS for standard sized areas. The results obtained by either method essentially were identical. All dorsal root projections are distributed unilaterally within the CNS. Fibers passed into a dorsolateral bundle and into the dorsal column. Collaterals from the dorsal column passed into the dorsal and intermediate gray matter, but no primary afferent fibers distributed within the ventral horn. Both brachial and lumbar roots distributed segmentally over approximately five spinal segments. Root fibers coursed rostrally in a somatotopically organized dorsal column. This pathway ultimately passed into the cerebellum. Some evidence was obtained in support of a dorsal column-medial lemniscal relay in anuran amphibians.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600214
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    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600301
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    Lipofuscin pigment accumulationin the nervous system of aging miceThis research was supported by National Institutes of Health grant NB-03021. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 555-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This morphologic investigation was undertaken with an inbred strain of C57BL/10 male mice to examine the accumulation of lipofuscin in nerve cells of dorsal ganglia and the cerebellum at 4, 8, 20, and 30 months of age. Histological examinations revealed that at four months of age, cells contained only a few small sudanophilic bodies distributed fairly uniformly throughout the cytoplasm. By 30 months, pigment aggregations became very prominent cytoplasmic features of many nerve cells in the dorsal ganglia and cerebellum. A more detailed examination of neurons from the dorsal ganglia with the electron microscope revealed particles of variable size with a high electron density at four and 8 months. By 20 and 30 months, the pigment bodies appeared to be larger and were more concentrated near the nucleus. In Purkinje cells of the cerebellum the pigment granules were observed only rarely at four and eight months. By 20 and 30 months, the granules in the Purkinje cells appeared to be larger, considerably more numerous, and concentrated between the nucleus and the apical dendrite. The intracellular pigment concentration was also estimated by calculations of the per cent of area occupied by pigment granules as well as by the per cent of the cells that contained pigment bodies at 4, 8, 20 and 30 months. A progressive increase in the intracellular pigment concentration was readily noted.
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    Effects of estrogen on pituitary morphology in goitrogen treated rats. An electron microscopic studyThis investigation was partly supported by grant 699 from the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche scientifique médicale. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 595-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The influence on pituitary cytology of propylthiouracil (PTU) and estradiol benzoate (EB) administered singly and in combination was studied by electron microscopy in adult female rats. PTU alone induced striking changes in the morphology of thyrotroph cells, which were all transformed into typical thyroidectomy cells, characterized by enormously dilated ergastoplasmic sacs; the acidophils were degranulated and some of them took the appearance of relatively quiescent prolactin cells rather than degranulated somatotrophs. EB alone caused no definite changes in the morphology of thyrotroph cells; its essential effect was the development of a large number of prolactin cells. When both treatments were combined, thyroidectomy cells were found, existing side by side with untransformed thyrotrophs and exhibiting less dilated ergastoplasmic sacs than after PTU alone; prolactin cells were present in great number and showed a more developed ergastoplasm than after EB alone. Thyroid weight and height of the follicular cells were not changed by EB given singly; they were both increased under the influence of PTU; thyroid weight but not mean height of the follicular cells was slightly less increased when EB was added to PTU. It is tentatively concluded that estrogen may have a dual action on the thyro-pituitary axis: on one hand, a depressing influence on thyrotroph cells and on the other hand a direct stimulatory effect on the thyroid gland.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600309
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  • 139
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    The comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the tentorium cerebelliSupported in part by U.S. Public Health Service grants NB-06805, and NB-05212. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 635-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of the tentorium cerebelli was investigated in representatives of the chordata. A tentorium cerebelli characterized birds and mammals but was regularly absent in fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. The data suggest that the tentorium cerebelli emerged relatively late in phylogeny as bilateral folds of dura mater on either side of the brainstem in the cerebro-cerebellar fissure. Subsequent evolution was characterized by the union of these septa behind the brainstem and by a progressive lengthening of the straight sinus. Tentorial ossification distinguished a further evolutionary step in some mammalian lines. The inferred evolutionary pattern of the tentorium cerebelli resembles the successive stages which the human tentorium undergoes during ontogeny.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600312
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  • 140
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    Arteritis of coronary arteries in mice receiving a single dose of cortisoneSupported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.P.H.S., HE-04052 and Institutional Research grant (GR 00287), and from the Mississippi Heart Association. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mice were given a single injection of cortisone acetate and killed from one to seven days later. Arterial lesions occurred first and were predominantly located in the right ventricle. Hyalin was present in media of these coronary arteries within 24 hours following administration of cortisone. Exudative and proliferative changes in the arterial walls and perivascular spaces followed medial hyalinization. The highest incidence of arterial lesions (90%) was attained on the third day following cortisone injection and then decreased slightly (57%) by the seventh day. Myocardial necrosis was observed first in mice killed 48 hours after receiving cortisone and the incidence did not change significantly thereafter.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600102
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  • 141
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    Transformation of rat small lymphocytes with pokeweed mitogen (PWM)This work was supported by Research grant AI-07509-01 from the National Institutes of Health. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 47-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: When lymphoid cells from the thoracic duct lymph, blood, lymph node, spleen and thymus of the rat were exposed to pokeweed mitogen (PWM), large primitive cells appeared after 24-30 hours of culture. This response was not limited to tissues of adult animals but was also demonstrated in cultures of cells from the thymus glands, lymph nodes and spleens of newborn, 48 hour and three-day-old rats, respectively. The transformed rat cells, in contrast to the cells observed in human PWM cultures (Chessin, Bőrjeson, Welch, Douglas and Cooper, '67), could not be divided into two populations on the basis of cytoplasmic basophilia, PAS positive granules or alcian blue staining. In addition, the thoracic duct lymphocytes from rats thymectomized within 24 hours of birth showed a marked deficiency in transformation, characterized by decreased numbers of enlarged cells and minimal cytoplasmic basophilia, when compared to similar cells from non-operated or sham-thymectomized controls.In the thymus cultures, some of the small lymphocytes served as precursors of the transformed cells without undergoing division. Subsequently, these enlarged cells proliferated giving rise to small lymphocytes and additional transformed elements. Exposing lymphoid cells to PWM for up to 14 days did not result in the development of plasma cells.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600106
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  • 142
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    Extracellular connective tissue fibrils in the chick embryoSupported by grant HE 09041, United States Public Health Service. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 93-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An electron microscopic study of extracellular connective tissue fibrils in the chick embryo is reported herein. Primary fibrils (40-45 Å) are first to appear, being present in the primordia of ectodermal boundary (basement) membranes in freshly laid eggs. Free microfibrils (40-150 Å) appear by delamination from boundary membranes from 24 hours incubation onward. The notochord becomes intensely active in forming microfibrils toward the end of the second day. By 72 hours free mesenchymal cells are producing microfibrils. Axial periodicity is acquired relatively slowly by microfibrils in their transition to unit collagen fibrils. At one week's incubation fibrillar diameters and periodic banding still do not match the recognized adult pattern.The hypothesis that a single developmental line of fibrils leads to all extracellular connective tissue fibrous elements is supported by the ontogeny of fine structure in the chick. Microfibrils first arise in close association with primary fibrils, then from notochordal cells and later, more directly from free mesodermal cells (mesenchyme, fibroblasts). The collagen, reticular and elastic fibers of light microscopy arise from aggregations and alterations of fibrillar material whose line of descent is traceable to the microfibril.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600109
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  • 143
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    Dissociability of developmental processes in the morphogenesis of the ear in Ambystoma, as revealed by X-ray damageThis research was supported by grant HD 00513-07 from the National Institutes of Health. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eggs of Ambystoma maculatum from the same clutch were separated at Harrison's stage eight into three groups and maintained at 8°, 14° and 20°C, respectively, until stage 28. At these three temperatures the respective number of hours between stages eight and 28 were 291, 171, 99. Half of each group was then x-irradiated with 600 r and the right ear vesicle substituted for that of the non-irradiated complement. Subsequent development of the irradiated grafts, all reared at 20°C, was compared among the groups.Within the range of temperatures employed, hypothermia alone has no effect upon final ear development; every left ear in all groups developed normally. Development of irradiated grafts in the 8° group is decidedly more abnormal than in either 14° or 20° groups. With the exception of the VIIIth ganglion, development of the grafts in 14° and 20° groups is approximately the same. On the basis of 8° = 1, average developmental ratings for the three groups are approximately as follows: size  -  1:2:2. differentiation  -  1:2:2. ganglion  -  1:2:5.The data demonstrate that the chronologically older ear is more radiosensitive than the younger, despite morphological parity among groups at time of irradiation. This suggests that prolonged hypothermia may dissociate in time the invisible or biochemical processes of development from the purely morphological; the pace of the former is less retarded than the latter.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600112
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  • 144
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    Observations on twin baboon embryos (Papio sp.)Supported by National Institutes of Health grant GMFR-13252-02. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twin baboon embryos were acquired by hysterotomy from a multipara on the twenty-sixth day of gestation. All preceding and succeeding pregnancies yielded single births. This case of dichorionic, diamniotic twins is unique because there is a seven day difference in the morphological development of the two embryos. The embryos are approximately the same fertilization age because mating was limited to one 12 hour period of the menstrual cycle. In addition only one corpus luteum was identified at laparotomy. Both twins were males as indicated by the sex chromatin, eliminating the positive identification of dizygosity. Several alternatives for the twins' origin are cited. One possibility is that there was a division of the blastomeres at the two-cell stage, or at some other stage before implantation, yielding monozygotic twins. Another possibility is that both ova arose from the same follicle, yielding dizygotic twins. The larger embryo is 2.0 mm in greatest length and has six pairs of somites, and is similar to ten other baboon embryos 25-26 days old. The smaller embryo is of the trilaminar disc stage and is comparable in developmental features to five other baboon embryos 18-19 days old. The morphological features of each placenta are comparable in development to the age of its respective embryo.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600204
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  • 145
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    A radioautographic comparison of glycerol-H3 and galactose-H3 uptake during intestinal glyceride synthesisThis work was supported by grant GB-1841 from the National Science Foundation. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 217-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Radioautography was used to compare the in vivo incorporation of glycerol-H3 and galactose-H3 in intestinal absorptive cells in relation to glyceride synthesis. Each labeled compound was injected, either singly or mixed with linoleic acid chyme, directly into ligated segments of rat upper jejunum. The segments were removed at 5 and 20 minutes and prepared for light and electron microscopic radioautography. Following glycerol-H3 and chyme injections, label is rapidly incorporated in the vicinity of newly formed fat droplets in the apical endoplasmic reticulum. Later, labeled droplets accumulate in dilated Golgi cisternae and intercellular spaces. Galactose label is initially found in the Golgi region and later in the apical cytoplasm. Glycerol labeling is considerably reduced in the cells when the fat is extracted prior to radioautography, or when glycerol alone is absorbed. Galactose labeling is not affected by these procedures. The results indicate a significant incorporation of glvcerol label into newly synthesized glycerides, as previously also shown for glucose label. Galactose label follows a different metabolic pathway not related to glyceride synthesis.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600208
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  • 146
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    A study of the interosseous distance between the radius and ulna during rotation of the forearmThis study was supported in part by U.S.P.H.S. grant GM-07512. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 261-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A roentgenological and gross anatomical study of the variation in the interosseous distance between the radius and ulna during the rotation of the forearm was made on cadavers. It was found that the neutral position provides the widest interosseous distance at different levels of the forearm compared with all other supinatory and pronatory positions. The average of the interosseous distances is greatest at the junction of distal and middle thirds of the radius, except in pronation 90°.Our observations show that the magnitude of the interosseous distance is largely proportional to the radius and ulna being in the same plane in a particular position of rotation of the forearm. In the neutral and supinatory positions, the point of the widest interosseous distance occurs more frequently in the middle third of the forearm, and in pronatory positions, in the distal third. Observations were also made on ligamentous specimens for the variation of tension of the interosseous membrane and of various planes occupied by the radius and ulna at different positions of rotation. The interosseous membrane was found to be taut in the neutral position in its major portion but lax in both pronation and supination.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600212
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  • 147
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    American Association of Anatomists Constitution (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 523-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600217
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  • 148
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    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600101
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  • 149
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    Electron microscopic observations of non-specific lead staining in the smallintestine of the cat after lipid or carbohydrate feedingSupported by grant AM09432-03, National Institutes of Health, USPHS.This paper has appeared in abstract form (Anat. Rec., 157: 292, '67). (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 25-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A series of experiments utilizing the technique of Rostgaard and Barrnett which purported to demonstrate lead-lipid complexes was performed to study the efficacy of using lead as a marker in lipid absorption.The jejunal mucosa from adult cats fasted 48 hours and fed corn oil by stomach tube was fixed in buffered glutaraldehyde for two hours, washed in cacodylate buffer and then incubated for 20 minutes in tris-maleate buffer (pH 7.2) which contained 4mM of lead nitrate. Following osmication, dehydration and embedding in Epon, thin sections, either stained or unstained were examined in an electron microscope. Lead deposits of varying size were observed in, on and about the microvilli. In addition, lead deposits were observed related to mucous cells. The jejunal mucosa of cats fasted 48 hours and fed 5% dextrose and treated as the lipid-fed animals gave similar results. Fasted animals had few lead deposits related to the gut epithelium.When jejunal mucosa from lipid- or carbohydrate-fed animals was extracted in lipid solvents prior to incubation in tris-maleate containing 4mM of lead nitrate, the lead densities persisted.In view of the foregoing, the occurrence of lead precipitates following a fatty meal does not offer an unequivocal means of tracing lipid absorption in the small intestine.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600104
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  • 150
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    The development of the human fetal adenohypophysisResearch supported by grant HD 00557 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 79-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Understanding the development of the human adenohypophysis is dependent on visualizing the growth of Rathke's pouch. This embryonic structure gives rise to bilateral anterior and posterior, superior and inferior segments. These segments differ in their potential to produce various types of hypophyseal chromophils. The potential differences are described in the text.Further, by application of specific staining procedures it has been possible to determine the approximate time that specific chromophils appear in the adenohypophysis. The chromophils of the adenohypophysis develop in the order: cell type III, I, IV, II, V, VI and IX. There may be a relationship between the development of certain chromophils and the onset of function in target endocrine glands.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600108
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  • 151
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    Books Received (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600113
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  • 152
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    Diprosopus and related cephalic malformations in a calf (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The head of a young calf with diprosopus (two faces) and related cephalic malformations was dissected and grossly studied. The head was removed, preserved with 10% formalin, and the cephalic vessels were doubly injected with latex.The related outstanding cephalic abnormalities were: four eyes (tetrophthalmus) with the two adjacent eyes and orbits fused into a single median one; a large domeshaped head, characteristic of hydrocephalus; two mouths, each with a tongue, both of which protruded and retracted simultaneously; two cleft palates; duplication of the brain from the rostral end caudally to the mesencephalo-metencephalic junction with each side of the brain containing a pituitary gland, paired cerebral peduncles, and an aberrant circulus arteriosus (circle of Willis). There were four olfactory bulbs and optic nerves, but only three oculomotor and abducens nerves. The aberrant median third and sixth cranial nerves were interpreted to be a fusion of the two adjacent nerves if duplication had been complete.Diprosopus is classified as a form of anterior twinning. The anterior brain duplication probably is referable to a doubling of the cephalic end of the neural tube followed by a diverging migration of the two frontal poles so that these areas finally are located at opposite lateral sides of the skull. The degree of neural tube duplication determines the extent of brain duplication.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600202
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    Muscle growth in selected lines of muscular dystrophic chickensSupported in part by grant NBO 1644 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Growth of four muscles was studied in four lines of homozygous dystrophic chickens selected for high or low fat content of pectoralis muscles, or for early or late onset of disability. The light (“white”) pectoralis, supracoracoideus and biceps brachii and the dark (“red”) adductor muscles were studied. Growth characteristics were compared to a randomly mated dystrophic line and to normal chickens. Significant differences in muscle size occurred between lines but all dystrophic lines underwent the same sequence of events: gross hypertrophy of the white muscles during the first few weeks of life, followed enventually by gross atrophy. The dark adductor muscles did not differ consistently from normal. Hypertrophy was accompanied by increased protein (or fat-free dry matter) and water content. Atrophy was accompanied by increased fat content. Selected lines exhibited greater uniformity and greater extremes of hypertrophy or atrophy than occurred in the random line.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600207
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  • 154
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    Ultrastructure of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the ratThis work has been supported by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, República Argentina and United States Air Force (AF-AFOSR 963-66). (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 239-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the arcuate nucleus of the normal rat there are two types of neurons. One of them is characterized by a dense cytoplasmic matrix, dilated endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and well developed Golgi complexes; the other cell type by a paler overall appearance. In both of them granulated vesicles of about 1000 Å in diameter with a core of variable density are present. The frequent association between these vesicles and the Golgi complex suggests that they are formed in relation to this organoid. The presence of lysosomes and multivesicular bodies and their close relationship with granulated vesicles is analyzed.The neuropil of the nucleus is constituted by axons, dendrites and glial processes. The majority of the axon profiles and nerve endings contain a mixed population of clear and granulated vesicles, the latter having a diameter ranging between 600 to 1300 Å.The finding of granulated vesicles in arcuate neurons is discussed in relation with the known monoamine content of them and the dopaminergic nature of the fibers that form the tuberoinfundibular tract. It is suggested that these granulated vesicles contain primary monoamines.
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    American Association of Anatomists. Eighty first session; Tulane university school of medicine, April 9, 10, 11, 12, 1968. Officers, abstracts, demonstrations (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 300-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600216
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  • 156
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    Distribution of thyrotrophic activity in the hypophysis of necturus before and after thyroidectomy as measured by I131 bioassay in miceSupported by General Research Support Grant, National Institutes of Health. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 273-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hypophyses of non-thyroidectomized and thyroidectomized winter Necturi were divided into rostral and caudal portions which were frozen-dried refrigerated, and injected into mice for bioassay according to the method of McKenzie' ('58). Each mouse received the homogenized equivalent of two pituitary portions, either rostral or caudal. The per cent increase in blood I131 which resulted was used as a gauge of thyrotrophic activity.In the non-thyroidectomized Necturus, nearly two-thirds of the thyroid stimulating activity was in the rostral portion which consisted of the rostral two-thirds of the anterior zone tissue. The remaining TS activity was in the caudal portion which consisted of the caudal third of the anterior zone, the transitional zone and basophilic bed area. These bioassay results coincide with the distribution of basophile cells described previously as thyrotrophs on the basis of histological observations.After thyroidectomy, caudal portions yielded 95% of the thyrotrophic activity. This observation is consistent, with some reservation, with the number and distribution of thyroidectomy cells that differentiate after thyroidectomy, taking into account the vacuolation and degranulation of these cells which occurs in rostro-caudal sequence.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600213
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  • 157
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    Anatomical changes with age in the heart and ductus arteriosus in the dog after birthSupported in part by the American Heart Association and North Dakota Heart Association. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The heart-weight to body-weight ratios were calculated for 242 dogs in 11 groups ranging from one day to adult. The base-apex diameters, internal transverse diameters, external transverse diameters, and the anterior, posterior, lateral, and interventricular septal wall thicknesses were measured in left ventricles of hearts taken from 45 animals of nine different age groups. The ductus arteriosus was examined for patency in all puppies.The heart-weight to body-weight ratios were found to be highly variable and failed to show significant changes with age. The average ratios increased during postnatal development from 7.17 gm/kg in the newborn to 8.87 in adults.The left ventricular diameters and wall thicknesses increased progressively with age and were four times larger in adults than in the newborn. Diameter to wall-thickness ratios were calculated and did not change with age. Since the heart weight increased 10-16 times faster than the wall thickness, wall-thickness to heart-weight ratios were found to decrease with age indicating a faster lengthening than thickening of the myocardial fibers. The ductus arteriosus was functionally open in all puppies less than four days of age and did not close anatomically until 7-8 days of age.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600215
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    Nuclear elimination from the normoblast of fetal guinea pig liver as studied with electron microscopy and serial sectioning techniquesThis investigation was supported by U. S. Public Health Service grant FR 5353-05. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 539-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The process of denucleation in normoblasts of fetal guinea pig liver was studied with electron microscopy employing serial sections. In the late normoblast the nucleus becomes eccentrically located in the cytoplasm. Continued maturation results in a nucleus which is protruding from the normoblast. Still later the nucleus separates from the remainder of the cell and is phagocytized by a reticular cell. Nuclei which have been extruded are surrounded by a narrow border of cytoplasm and possess a nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, and internal nuclear structure similar to that of normoblasts. The cytoplasmic border and nuclear structure are observed for some time after ingestion by reticular cells. Dissolution of nuclei inside the phagocytes is characterized by disappearance of the cytoplasmic border and nuclear envelope, loss of density of the chromatin, and appearance of dense particles in the interchromatin. It was concluded that under normal conditions, the sole mechanism of denucleation in definitive erythroblasts is extrusion. Mitochondria are partially degraded inside the late erythroblasts, forming a membranous residue which is later extruuded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600304
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  • 159
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    Nerve endings in the temporomandibular joint of the Rhesus macaque (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 587-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Methylene blue preparations and silver impregnated material were used to demonstrate the sensory nerve endings in the temporomandibular joint of the Rhesus monkey. Sixteen millimeter motion picture sequences of the various nerve endings were photographed while the microscope was slowly focused up and down through the entire thickness of the nerve ending. A 15-minute film with descriptive sound track was prepared to demonstrate these nerve endings in three dimensions. The following types of nerve endings (listed in decreasing order of frequency) were seen in the articular capsule and peripheral portions of the articular disk: free, Ruffini, Golgi, and Paciniform endings. The sphenomandibular and stylomandibular ligaments in these monkeys gave no gross appearance of a ligamentous structure and did not contain any specialized proprioceptive nerve endings. Physiologic studies indicate that the nerve endings seen in the temporomandibular joint provide sensory mechanisms for the rception of pain, the autonomic control of vascular supply, and the recording of information concerning joint position and change in rate of movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600308
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  • 160
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    Regeneration research in the Soviet Union (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 665-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Over the past 20 years Soviet research in regeneration has undergone a shift in emphasis from work on amphibians to mammals. In that period several distinct schools of thought have arisen, and often there has been considerable controversy as to the nature of certain regenerative processes. At present most mammalian tissues and organs are being studied with respect to natural regenerative capacity and means of stimulating further regeneration. The most striking results have been obtained in the areas of muscle and bone regeneration. Progress in other areas has been less spectacular. Considerable effort has been put into devising means of regenerating functional tissue from pathologically changed or irradiated organs. The field of regeneration research in the Soviet Union is quite highly organized and includes a relatively large number of workers. Progress has, to some extent, been impeded by shortages of equipment and biochemical preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600402
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  • 161
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    Central distribution of trigeminal primary afferent fibers in anuran amphibiansThis study was supported in part by USPHS grants 5 RO1 NB 05494 and 2 RO1 NB 01503. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 719-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Trigeminal ganglia were unilaterally macerated manually through the foramen ovale in three forgs. Rana catesbeiana, and in two toads, Bufo marinus. Following a two to three week post-operative survival, each animal was anesthetized and was systemically perfused with formalin. Serial transverse frozen sections, 50 μ in diameter, were then prepared from the CNS of each animal. Selected tissue sections were stained according to a uranyl nitrate modification of the Nauta silver technique. The distribution of degenerating fibers was subsequently assesed by microscopic analysis.Degenerating trigeminal fibers could be traced from the trigeminal root into the vicinity of the chief sensory nucleus of the trigeminus and into the spinal V tract and nucleus in both toad and frog. The spinal V tract passed into the cervical spinal cord in all animals but did not pass further caudally than the third spinal segment. In some animals, degenerating fibers passed into the fasciculus solitarius and the nucleus solitarius. No trigeminal primary afferent fibers could be followed into the cerebellum or into the immediate vicinity of any of the cranial motor nuclei, in cluding the trigeminal motor nucleus. The distribution of Gasserian ganglion collaterals recorded in this study is discussed with reference to previous findings in the trigeminal systems of amphibians, birds and mammals.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 162
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    An electron microscopic study of the relationship between axon diameter and the initiation of myelin production in the peripheral nervous system (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 337-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mid-thoracic dorsal and ventral roots from adult rats, cats and cows were prepared for electron microscopy using standard techniques. Axon diameters were measured on photographs of known magnification. Minimal diameters of the unmyelinated fibers in the spinal cords of these animals were measured also. With the exception of a few overlapping diameters unmyelinated fibers were smaller than the smallest myelinated fibers in all the material examined. In the dorsal roots of the cow, the unmyelinated fibers, as a group, were larger than those of the rat and cat, and very few were enclosed by any one Schwann cell. The largest unmyelinated fibers were singly enclosed. In addition, the dorsal root of the cow contains many more small myelinated fibers than those of the other two species. In the ventral roots, a progressive increase in the size and relative numbers of myelinated preganglionic fibers from rat through cat to cow was noted. These facts indicated that myelination is directly dependent on fiber diameter irrespective of age, species or function although less precisely than was indicated by the earlier studies of Duncan ('34). Although the critical diameter for myelination in the peripheral nervous system is about one micron, in the central nervous system it is 0.3 μ or less.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610306
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  • 163
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    Prepubertal and pubertal changes in the hamster ovary (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 447-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ovary of the newborn hamster is characterized by numerous oogonia which are undergoing mitotic divisions. By day 8, the germ cells have developed into oocytes (dictyate stage). The oocytes and granulosa cells are surrounded by an undeveloped network of fibrous stromal cells until day 14. Between days 14 and 21, the stroma is transformed by hypertrophy and hyperplasia into a primary interstitium consisting of large epithelial cells.The critical period of follicular development is from days 21 to 28, with antral follicles first appearing on day 26. The earliest spontaneous ovulations occur on day 29. This differs from the temporal relationship in the rat and mouse in which antral follicles not only develop several weeks before puberty but can also be induced to ovulate prematurely with exogenous gonadotropins. In contrast, in the hamster the maximal ovulatory response to pregnant mare's serum (PMS) develops rapidly between days 27 to 30. Over this period, induced ovulations increase from an average of 10.5 ova to 55 eggs. The altered responsiveness to PMS does not correlate with any change in the diameter of follicles or number of secondary or tertiary follicles. It is therefore concluded that progressively smaller follicles become competent to respond to exogenous gonadotropin between days 27 and 30.
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  • 164
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    The fine structure of sow lutein cellsPresented in part before the American Association of Anatomists at Kansas City, Missouri, April 1967.Supported in part by USPHS grant HD 18-06. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 77-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphological observations described in this report are part of a biochemical study of progesterone intermediates using sow ovary. This tissue is extensively involved in the production of some steroid hormones. Because the lutein cells are thought to be involved in the synthesis of progesterone and its intermediates and because these cells constitute by size and number the greatest portion of the mass of sow ovary, we confined the morphological investigation to these cells. Sow corpora lutea, fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide were examined by light and electron microscopy.The lutein cells of the sow are large epithelioid cells with oval nuclei and extensive amounts of cytoplasm. Large masses of highly organized smooth endoplasmic reticulum, many oval mitochondria with tubular cristae, and many lipid droplets are present. Only a few profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum are seen in any one section, and Golgi membranes cannot by distinguished from other smooth membranes. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the major membranous organelle in these luteal cells. Microsomal preparations from luteal cells must be very rich in fragments of these smooth membranes. The demonstration of many steroidogenic enzyme systems in microsomal preparations lends strong support to the supposition that these enzyme systems reside in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610108
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  • 165
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    A light and electron microscopic study of perineuronal glial cells and processes in the rabbit neocortexThis work was supported by N.I.H. General Research Support grant 320002. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 111-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of satellite cells was determined by examining brom formalin fixed tissue stained by the silver carbonate technique, and tissue fixed in gluteraldehyde, post-fixed in osmium and prepared for electron microscopy.Light microscopy indicated that oligodendrocytes and astrocytes were the predominant perineuronal cell types. Cells with intermediate morphological characteristics were also observed. The light microscopic criteria for cellular indentification were the comparative size and shape of the cell bodies, and the number and nature of glial processes.Electron microscopy revealed perineuronal cells with round to oval shaped cell bodies, dense nuclear and cytoplasmic matrices, and a rich compliment of organelles. A second, less numerous, type of satellite cell had a larger, oval, elongate, or somewhat angular cell body, light nuclear and cytoplasmic matrices, and gliofibrils and glycogen. The former correlated well with the light microscopic oligodendrocyte and the latter with the astrocyte. “Dark cells” were not observed in a satellite position with the electron microscope nor were cells observed that conform to Hortega's “spiny microglia” in our silver preparations. Specializations of the plasma membranes of satellite glial cells and neurons were observed, and were interpreted as possible morphological evidence for “transport” between neurons and neuroglia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610112
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  • 166
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    The effects of prolonged low level radiation on the Coronary vessels of the developing chick embryoThis study was supported by a grant from the North Carolina Heart Association. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Microcurie amounts of p32, Na22, Fe59, and Cl36 in normally occurring compounds were injected directly into the vitelline vessels of developing chick embryos at stage 24 (Hamburger and Hamilton, '51). The surviving embryos were sacrificed at stage 41. Hearts were removed and examined intact or sectioned for later examination. Coronary vessels were identified, classified according to size (large, diameter = 〉 80 μ; medium, diameter = 40-80 μ; small, diameter 〈 40 μ) and counted. There was a significant increase in the numbers of small and medium vessels which had developed in the presence of gamma radiation emitted by Na22- and Fe59-compounds. The p32- and Cl36-containing compounds did not affect the numbers of vessels of any size. The resulting increased vascularity is shown to be a matter of a distinct increase in numbers of blood vessels as opposed to a simple alteration of the normally occurring vessels.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610209
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  • 167
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    Fine structure of midline epithelium in the developing palate of the mouseSupported by grant P13-DE-02668, U. S. Public Health Service and by the Research Council of the University of North Carolina. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 293-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The midline seam of epithelium in the developing secondary palate of C57BL mice was examined with the electron microscope. Fetal heads in which the palatal shelves had fused throughout their length were fixed in paraformaldehyde prior to microdissection of the midline palatal tissue which was post-fixed in osmium tetroxide. The midline epithelial seam was two to four cells thick in the center, while at the nasal and oral ends of the seam the cells increased in number to form a triangular area. The epithelial cells most closely resembled those of the stratum germinativum of the oral mucosa, except for the absence of hemidesmosomes. The epithelial sheet was delineated on both sides by what appeared to be a typical basal lamina which was interrupted in some locations, with and without epithelial degeneration. Epithelial break-down and fibroblastic migration across the midline was observed during a later stage in palatal development. A striking feature of the midline epithelium was the presence of different morphological types of relatively large electron dense granules. The role of the basal lamina, epithelial microvilli and electron dense granules is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610303
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  • 168
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    A study of some histochemical and phagocytic reactions of the sinus lining cells of the rabbit's spleen (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A correlative study using several techniques known to demonstrate reticuloendothelial (RE) cells was undertaken to determine whether the splenic sinus lining cells of the white rabbit should be classified with that group of cells. Like RE cells throughout the animal body, these cells can be demonstrated by silver precipitation techniques, that is, they are metalophilic. They show strong non-specific esterase enzyme activity but only very slight acid phosphatase enzyme activity and sparingly phagocytize intravenous India ink (carbon), chlorazole black E, and saccharated oxide of iron. These results indicate these cells are reticuloendothelial in nature but are quite inactive when compared to RE cells of the red pulp cords.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610307
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  • 169
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    Fibrillovesicular cells in the Fundic glands of the canine stomach: Evidence for a new cell type (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 393-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Biopsies of the gastric fundal mucosa were obtained from 25 dogs and processed for light and electron microscopy. A cell distinguishable from superficial mucous, mucous neck, chief, parietal, or argentaffin cells was observed.By light microscopy in resin-embedded, methylene-blue-stained sections, this cell was noted to have a prominent apical region which protruded into the gland lumen, a conspicuous terminal web traversed by parallel fibrils, and a crescent-shaped nucleus; secretory granules were absent.By electron microscopy this cell had the following features: (1) short, stubby microvilli with well developed terminal web, (2) fibril-bundles constituting the cores of microvilli and extending through the apical cytoplasm to the paranuclear region, (3) characteristic vesicles and tubular structures in the apical cytoplasm, (4) spiral structures, and (5) oval dense bodies.Morphological evidence supported the hypothesis that this is a distinct cell type; it is referred to as a fibrillovesicular (FV) cell.
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  • 170
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    Linear growth and appearance of sex difference in the rabbit pelvis (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 413-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Roentgenograms of the pelves of a population of rabbits were secured once each week between 15 and 92 days after birth and once every two weeks thereafter to 204 days. Measurements were made of projections of certain pelvic dimensions on the roentgenograms.With one exception (pelvis width, day 36), no significant differences at the 1% level between males and females were found in os coxae length, ilium length, pelvis width and bi-ischial width. However, interacetabular width of the female became significantly greater than that of the male by day 57.Mean measurements of all dimensions showed characteristic rates of increase with age. Nine-tenths of total increase in lengths of os coxae and ilium occurred by 106 days; pelvis width, by 120 days; bi-ischial and interacetabular width each, by about 148 days.Between 35 mm to 105 mm of tibia length taken as a basis of reference, all dimensions studied showed approximately straight line relative growth trends.Variation in measurements was relatively high, with greatest variation in all except bi-ischial width tending to occur before 50 days, when growth was most rapid. It was lowest in the period 64 to 120 days.
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  • 171
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    Demonstration of mast cells in the postnatal mouse ovary (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 459-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cytologically demonstrable mast cells are present within the ovaries of neonatal mice from two strains (ICR, Ttf/t12). They show a preferential distribution, being observed in the hilum primarily in addition to the ovarian mesentery, bursa and ovary proper. They are most evident in the newborn (0 day) animal and show an apparent decrease during the first postnatal week.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610407
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  • 172
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    Ultrastructure of the ventral horn cell in the albino ratThis work was supported in part by the Harris McLaughlin fund.A portion of this work was presented at the 78th meeting of the American Association of Anatomists. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 361-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ventral horn cell of the lumbar cord of the albino rat was examined with the electron microscope. The tissue was fixed with osmium tetroxide or a formalinosmium tetroxide sequence, dehydrated and embedded in Epon 812.The nuclear envelope contains numerous pores which are spanned by diaphragms. Nuclear indentations or crypts are seen often, and are considered normal structures.Mitochondria with various arrangements of cristae are described. These include tubular cristae, simple dilated cristae, dilated cristae enclosing vesicles, and sacs which partially contain double membrane limited bodies.The Golgi apparatus is scattered throughout the cytoplasm. The apparatus is seen near the nucleus more frequently than peripherally. Single membrane limited bodies such as multivesicular bodies and electron dense bodies are described.Granular endoplasmic reticulum exists as orderly stacks and as haphazardly scattered cisterns. Serial sections demonstrate that the haphazardly scattered cisterns are extensively interconnected.
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  • 173
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    Studies on the experimental induction of overgrowth in chick embryosSupported by grants FR 5353-04-5 and 1 RO1-HD-01679-02 of the USPHS National Institutes of Health. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 419-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An analysis has been made of the experimental conditions under which overgrowth can be produced in the brains of chick embryos. A total of 122 individuals were obtained from six series of embryos subjected to varying degrees of surgical manipulation involving the anterior rhombomere and/or its substratum. The results indicate that in addition to the cases of overgrowth obtained by the standard technique of removing the entire anterior rhombomere, overgrowth could also be successfully induced when a portion of the chordamesoderm underlying the anterior rhombomere was either removed or merely dissociated from the neural tissue, while leaving the latter relatively intact. In embryos in which the roof and sides of the anterior rhombomere were removed, overgrowth could not be obtained in the absence of damage to the substratum.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610403
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  • 174
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    Bony trabecular changes in the human mandibular ramus from prenatal period to adulthood (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 517-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The rami of eight human mandibles ranging in age from six months prenatal to adulthood were studied radiographically and by matte acetate tracings. The characteristic trabecular pattern seen in the adult ramus was not found until the fifth year of life. A disorganization of the pattern occurred at nine years of age, but was re-established by the twelfth year. The changes in pattern observed appear to be related to the eruption times of the teeth, which probably modify the muscular stresses exerted on the bone in the process of mastication.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610413
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  • 175
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    Collagenous growth induced by lambda carrageenan in the rabbit corneaThis work was supported in part by grants from the National Research Council (Canada) and the National Cancer Institute of Canada. The research reported in this paper was presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Dr. Garg). A preliminary report was presented at the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology meetings, Atlantic City, April 16, 1966. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Characteristic collagenous lesions developed in rabbit corneas following intracorneal injection of the algal polysaccharide, lambda carrageenan. No reaction occurred in saline injected control corneas. Carrageenan administration brought about an increase in mucopolysaccharides from the third to the eleventh day, followed by synthesis of collagen which reached a maximum between 19 and 28 days. Infiltration of leucocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts, cells foreign to the cornea, occurred in that order and before development of a corneal blood supply. The beginnings of vascularization occurred regularly about the fifth day after carrageenan administration, and reached a maximum at 19 and 28 days for peripheral and interstitial vessels, respectively. The vascularization produced in this manner was uniform in its initiation and development. The corneal lesion was found to be in large part reversible, but its regression was accompanied by degeneration of pre-existing collagen fibers of the stromal matrix and left a scar in the corneal surface.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620104
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  • 176
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    The origin and survival of gastric parietal cells in the mouse (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using microradioautography, the origin of the gastric parietal (and zymogen) cells was deduced by observing the time of appearance of labelled parietal cells in relation to the other labelled cells in the gastric mucosa. In order to see whether the parietal cell divides in the adult mouse, time grain count curves of the labelled parietal cells were made from animals which were killed at 1-291 days after thymidine 3H injection DPT). Parietal cell survival was followed by observing the disappearance of the labelled parietal cell population. Parietal cells appear to be entirely derived from other cells since a significant number of labelled parietal cells does not appear unless the animal is allowed to survive for several days. Parietal cells do not appear unless the animal is allowed to survive for several days. Parietal cells do not seem to undergo mitosis in the adult mouse because the time grain count curves did not shift with time. Although a few labelled parietal cells persisted in the 291 DPT animals, a large majority of the labelled parietal cells disappeared by 90 DPT and had a half life of roughly 23 days. This suggests an element of renewal for the parietal cell population.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620109
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    The allantoic placenta of the vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus murinus): A reinterpretation of its structure based on electron microscopic observationsSupported by NIH General Research Support Grant FR 05462, NSF Research Grant GB 6435 X, and the Swedish Medical Research Council Grant K 68-12-3635-01. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 83-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The chorioallantoic placental barrier of the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus murinus has been studied by electron microscopy. The following elements of the placental labyrinth separate the maternal and fetal circulations: (1) An initially continuous but later discontinuous maternal endothelium, (2) a discontinuous amorphous interstitial membrane, (3) syncytial trophoblast, (4) cytotrophoblast intermingled with a few light cells, (5) a thick basement membrane, (6) mesenchyme, and (7) fetal endothelium. The mesenchyme as a constituent of the barrier is partly bypassed by fetal capillaries. The maternal endothelial cells diminish in number as gestation proceeds, but the interstitial membrane persists. Cytoplasm from the syncytium penetrates defects in the membrane, replaces the lost maternal endothelium, and forms membrane bounded compartments above the former interstitial membrane, which becomes now mainly an intrasyncytial structure. The endotheliochorial relationship originally existing is gradually converted into a hemodichorial condition, if the continuing presence of the amorphous membrane of initially maternal origin is disregarded. The definitive structure of the allantoic placental barrier thus differes somewhat from the organization earlier proposed by one of us on the basis of light microscopic observations. The persistence of an intrasyncytial lamina derived at least initially from maternal tissue is a novel if not a unique feature of the placenta in higher Chiroptera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620108
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    The fine structure of subsurface cisterns (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 187-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Structures identified as subsurface cisterns (SSC's) have been observed in a variety of nerve cells from several different species. The SSC's occurred only in neurons and were most often opposite what appeared to be glial cells. Upon acrolein-glutaraldehyde fixation, they appeared as distinct cytoplasmic organelles consisting of a short 0.5 μ long pentalaminate membrane in close parallel to the neuronal plasmalemma on one side, and parallel to an equally long segment of endoplasmic reticulum on the other side. A direct continuity was found between this segment of endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear membrane, suggesting that a form of communication may exist between the neuronal nucleus and the subsurface cistern. Occasionally the segment of endoplasmic reticulum was missing and in its place a mitochondrion appeared which seemed to be in direct contact with the pentalaminate membrane.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620206
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  • 179
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    Development of order during ciliogenesisSupported by U.S.P.H.S. grants 1-501-FR-05370 and NB-06181. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This report consists of an electron microscope study of developing cilia in nasal epithelium of 15-18 day mouse embryos. As soon as recognizable cilia were observed, the typical 9 + 2 pattern of ciliary microtubule pairs was present. However, at this stage the intracellular spatial alignment of adjacent cilia, reflected in the adult by directionally oriented central microtubules, was not observed. In the same stage, differentiated basal feet were randomly arranged on adjacent basal bodies within the same cell. The significance of these findings lies in the observation that the structures differentiate at random prior to and independent of the forces that orient them in a coordinated spatial and temporal relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620209
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  • 180
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    Role of melanocyte morphology in pigmentation of mouse hairThis investigation was supported by PHS Research Grant CA-06097-06 from the National Cancer Institute, and PHS Training Grant GM-00582-06 from the Division of General Medical Sciences, United States Public Health Service. The senior author was an NSF Undergraduate Research Participant during the 1966-67 academic year. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 243-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pigmented hair provides a lasting record of the complex interactions of melanocytes and keratinocytes which lead to its formation within the hair follicle. Large clumps of pigment are deposited within the developing hair when follicular melanocytes are uprooted from fixed sites in the hair bulbs. The frequency with which melanocytes are incorporated is in some way related to their morphology. Melanocytes with poorly developed dendrites (nucleopetal melanocytes) are dislodged from hair bulbs more frequently than those with well developed dendrites (nucleofugal melanocytes). A detailed investigation of pigment clumping brought about by action of the light (Blt) and leaden (ln) genes has yielded results consistent with this interpretation. Leaden melanocytes remain nucleopetal in morphology throughout the hair growth cycle whereas light melanocytes, initially nucleofugal, often become nucleopetal. The unexpected absence of pigment clumping in light (Blt/ - ) mice which are homozygous or heterozygous for the pink-eyed dilution gene p, is correlated with the persistence of nucleofugal melanocytes. In contrast, the pigment clumping found in the hairs of pink-eyed leaden mice is associated with the presence of nucleopetal follicular melanocytes. The differing interactions of the p-locus with the ln and b loci, suggest that the leaden and light genes elicit similar morphological changes in melanocyte morphology via different developmental pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620211
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  • 181
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    Hepatic alterations following experimental tetracycline toxicity in rats (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 301-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Toxic doses of tetracycline were injected intravenously in adult female rats to study the morphologic and cytochemical alterations produced in the liver. Fifty percent of the animals treated died within 48 hours; those surviving were sacrificed at 3, 7, 10 or 14 days later. Histologic sections of the livers from all animals were studied utilizing a specific fluorescence technique to determine tetracycline uptake and storage, and with histochemical procedures for alkaline phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase activity.Varying degrees of degeneration were observed in the livers of animals dying acutely. Basophilic lamellated bodies at seven days and focal venous thromboses at 14 days were noted in the surviving animals. Tetracycline fluorescence was visualized initially within bile canaliculi and random hepatic cells, and later within dilated interstitial spaces as well as in the basophilic bodies. By 14 days residual fluorescence was limited to the parenchyma adjacent to thrombosed central veins. Succinic dehydrogenase activity was diminished within areas of tetracycline accumulation and minimally increased where the cytologic damage was greatest. Alkaline phosphatase activity present about the central veins and in areas of tetracycline-induced fluorescence reflected parenchymal distortion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620305
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  • 182
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    Ultrastructural changes in liver parenchymal cells of the mouse following postnatal cholecystectomyA part of this work is supported by grant 2TICA-05007-09 of the United States Public Health Service and by grant IN-45G of the American Cancer Society. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 373-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ultrastructural changes have been induced in liver parenchymal cells of the mouse by postnatal cholecystectomy. The major changes included frequent occurrence of numerous vesicles, frequent development of extensive forms of copious Golgi apparatus and an increase in number of lysosomes and microbodies in the peribiliary cytoplasm, and dilatation of bile canaliculi. The cytoplasm beyond the peribiliary zone, contained numerous large mitochondria which were often associated with abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum. In view of the known cytophysiological roles played by the cytoplasmic components undergoing such changes, an elevated activity of bile secretion is suggested in the liver cells of cholecystectomized animals. The presumed high activity of bile secretion in the cells can be comprehended in terms of a compensatory adaptation to the loss of bile concentrating capability of the biliary system due to the removal of the gallbladder.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620312
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    Lymphomyeloid organs of amphibia. III. Antibody synthesis and lymph glands in larval bullfrogsSupported mainly by Research grants E-492 from the American Cancer Society and GB-7607 from the National Science Foundation. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bullfrog larvae with lymph glands removed failed to synthesize antibodies to BSA but they rejected skin allografts normally. Tadpoles with unilaterally removed lymph glands had antisera with detectable titers equivalent to unoperated animals. Lymph glands are composed of macrophages which line sinusoids interposed between cords of lymphoid cells.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620406
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    Effects of gonadectomy and hypophysectomy on the pineal body in the mouse: A quantitative morphological study (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 162 (1968), S. 479-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A quantitative morphological study was made to assess the effects of gonadectomy and hypophysectomy on the pineal in the mouse. Gonadectomy caused a slight increase in the pineal volume whereas hypophysectomy induced a marked decrease. The increase in pineal volume after gonadectomy was associated primarily with slight enlargement of pineal cells in the peripheral area of the gland, and the larger decrease in pineal volume after hypophysectomy correlated with marked atrophy of pineal cells throughout the entire gland.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091620409
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    Special ultrastructural features of parathyroid cells from Swiss mice bearing Ehrlich's ascites tumorThis study was supported by U.S.P.H.S. training grant 5T1-GM 656-04. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: As part of studies on Ehrlich's ascites tumor cells transplanted into Swiss mice some unique myeloid figures, were found with electron microscopy in parathyroid cells, consisting of electron dense rings partially or completely encircling the nuclei of many cells in 7 of the 30 treated animals examined. These dense rings were seen to be made up of tightly matted bands, which at free ends, spread out to become continuous with agranular endoplasmic reticulum. The nuclei of these altered cells were quite pleomorphic and were closer together than in normal tissue, indicating decreased cell volume. Rough endoplasmic reticulum was scarce, mitochondria were long and slender and free ribosomes were widely scattered in the cytoplasm. A possible explanation for the development of these focal areas of degeneration is given.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600211
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  • 186
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    Formation of ceroid pigment in subcutaneous implants in miceSupported by grants (HE-04052 and HE-07318) from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.P.H.S. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 759-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mice of the RF and C57 black strains, fed an adequate diet, were donors and recipients of subcutaneous tissue implants. Abundant ceroid formed in implants of liver, heart, and adrenal. The pigment developed concurrently with degenerative changes in hepatocytes and myocardial fibers. Ceroid was intracellular in implants of adrenal gland and limited to cortical cells. Skeletal muscle and multilocular fat cells were next most productive sources of ceroid. Unilocular fat cells produced only traces. Isogeneic and allogeneic implants of corresponding tissues revealed comparable amounts of ceroid after two weeks of transplantation. Formation of pigment was correlated with the type of tissue transplanted rather than to specific host-graft responses.Implants of liver tissue were an ideal model for studying genesis of ceroid pigment. Granules of ceroid appeared first at the periphery of the implant in tissue adjacent to obviously degenerating cells of the graft. These small granules of pigment were then engulfed by macrophages. In most instances liposis preceded formation of ceroid. The presence of large amounts of lipid in the tissue at time of implantation did not augment ceroid formation. Hyper- and hypovitaminosis E, choline deficiency (to produce fatty livers), hyperestrogenism, and the administration of immunosuppressive drugs to recipients failed to influence appreciably the production of ceroid. In livers and other tissues containing little fat a relatively rapid post-implantation liposis preceded ceroid formation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600411
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    Electromyography and cinematography of leg and foot (“normal” and flat) during walking (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electromyography with fine-wire electrodes and special equipment for synchronized motion pictures were used to study six muscles of the leg and foot during walking in five different ways in ten “normal” and ten flatfooted subjects. Detailed analyses and comparisons of the two groups are described and discussed.Tibialis Anterior has two peaks of activity at heel-strike and toe-off of the stance phase; is inactive during mid-swing and middle of the stance phase; is active at full-foot in flatfooted subjects, and generally more active during toe-out and toe-in walking. Tibialis posterior is inactive through the swing phase. In flatfooted persons it becomes activated at heel-strike and more active at full-foot during level walking. The toe-out position reduces its activity. Flexor hallucis longus is most active in mid-stance; during toe-out walking, activity increases in both phases, generally being more active in “normal” persons. Peroneus longus is most active at mid-stance and heel-off and generally more active in flatfooted persons. Abductor hallucis and Flexor digitorum brevis are generally more active in flatfooted persons. An important regular pattern of inversion and eversion during the walking cycle is described. Contingent arch support by muscles rather than continuous support is the rule, muscles being recruited to compensate for lax ligaments and special stresses during the walking cycle.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610101
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    Oogenesis and ovarian development in the prenatal pigFrom a thesis submitted by J. L. Black to the Graduate Council, The University of Tennessee, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.This manuscript is published with the permission of the Director of the University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, Knoxville. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gametogenesis and ovarian development were examined by means of histologic, cytologic and radioisotopic techniques in porcine ovaries of ages ranging from 13 days post coitum (PC) to birth (114 days PC). Limited observations were made in postnatal ovaries (birth to 130 days post partum).Primordial germ cells were noted at 18 days PC in the region of the germinal ridge (border of mesonephros) seven days prior to its formation (24-25 days).Meiosis began as early as day 40 in some cases and was a characteristic of most ovaries by day 50.Diplotene, the resting stage of porcine oocytes, first appeared at 50 days PC and 99% of all germ cells were at diplotene by 20 days post partum. Both the paucity of oogonia and absence of oogonial mitoses at day 100 PC signaled the end of oogenesis.The number of germ cells increased dramatically from the 5,000 seen at 20 days PC to a peak of 1,100,000 at 50 days. Subsequently, germinal mitotic activity decreased and necrosis of germ cells concurrently increased, resulting in a population of approximately 500,000 germ cells at birth.The injection of tritiated thymidine into fetuses of varying ages revealed that in the pig the definitive stock of oocytes arises from the prenatal period prior to day 100 with the 70-day PC-period being the major contributor.
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    Regional differences in androgenic sensitivity of the chick comb and effects related to volume of inuncted vehicleThis work was supported in part by the Harris McLaughlin Foundation, by the Life Insurance Medical Research Fund, and by an unrestricted research grant to this medical school from the USPHS. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Combs of chicks were divided surgically into posterior (P-comb) and anterior (A-comb) portions of equal weight, thus providing two separate target organs in the same animal. Inunction with testosterone propionate stimulated equal increments in P- and A-combs with regard to values for length + height, but weight of the P-comb increased significantly more than that of the A-comb as a result of greater increase in width of the P- than of the A-comb. The P- was five times more responsive than the A-comb and contained larger amounts of ground substance as shown by histological examination and larger amounts of hexosamine as shown by chemical study. It was concluded that these two portions of the comb differed greatly in capacity to grow in response to androgenic stimulation.Reduction in the volume of the vehicle from 5 to 0.5 μl resulted in a sevenfold greater response of the chick comb to androgens.Restriction in the volume of vehicle and the use of the P-comb alone did not alter the precision of assay. Use of these procedures would permit measurement of androgens in amounts hitherto too small for assay.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610109
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    Electron microscopy of the mouse retina prepared by freeze-substitutionThis investigation was supported in part by grant G.B. 4028 from the National Science Foundation. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 161 (1968), S. 125-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The isolated retina of albino mice was fixed by freeze substitution. This method allows the electron microscopic examination of the surface layer of the tissue only. On the scleral side of the retina a considerable space was found between the outer and inner rod segments. In the spaces between the latter, microvilli of the Mueller cells seemed to float freely in the inter-rod material. On the vitreal side extracellular space was observed in bundles of nonmyelinated fibers which are destined to form the optic nerve, and often in the inner plexiform layer. Treating the retina with 5 mM glutamate caused ballooning of elements in the plexiform layer (probably dendrites) and sometimes of the inner and outer rod segments. No obvious swelling was observed of the Mueller cells, the ganglion cells and of the nonmyelinated nerve fibers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091610113
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  • 191
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    The variations in length of the pterygoid process as a function of the variations of the sphenoid angle (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 527-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The variation in the length of the pterygoid process was studied as a function of the sphenoid angle. Three hundred human skulls and ten skulls of certain animals (dog, sheep, pig, ox, horse) were appropriately measured. The length of the pterygoid process (lateral plate), was measured in all instances from the point of junction between the lamina and the greater wing of the sphenoid to the midpoint of the lower margin of the lamina. The average value of this dimension in man was 34.7 mm with variations from 28.0 mm to 44.5 mm.The average value of the length of the pterygoid process was found separately in male and female skulls; in different age groups; in skulls with narrow versus wide sphenoid angle; in skulls possessing a short versus a long nasion  -  basion distance. In each instance the values are compared and the standard deviation ascertained. The results of measurements made in man and animals are presented in a table.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600302
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    Observations on the development of the electrocardiogramThis investigation was made possible by NIH grant HE 03565-10. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 575-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This experiment was designed to reveal the developing pattern of the ECG occurring in chick embryos during the period between 11 and 22 somites and to relate these findings to the appearance of blood circulation and the ability of the heart to exhibit atrioventricular block under the influence of digitalis. Using a unipolar electrode placed directly upon hearts of a graded series, the first recorded ECG was a simple V wave at 11 somites (sometimes 10) which increased in amplitude and rate through the 16 somite stage. In 16 or 17 somite embryos two deflections appeared on the descending limb of the V wave. In the light of subsequent changes these were recognized as the first indications of the P wave and QRS complex. Within an hour of development (17 to 18 somites) three events coincided, i.e., appearance of the primitive P wave and QRS complex; the beginning of blood circulation as evidenced by flow through extraembryonic capillaries; and the ability of the hearts to show a block at the AV junction. This last occurs despite the fact that an obvious PR interval is not present at 18 somites. However, from the 18 to the 21 to 22 somite stage rapid changes in the pattern of the ECG were recorded. The PR interval emerges; the P wave and QRS complex become incisive and are followed by an obvious T wave.The developmental pattern is the exact duplicate of the changes which can be recorded in reverse, by treating a single 60 hour embryonic heart with eserine (Paff, Boucek and Glander, '66) or apparently any acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (work in progress).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600306
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    Cell migrations to the isocortex in the ratThis work was supported by USPHS grant NB03861 and AEC Contract AT (11-1) 1201. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 619-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cells that took up tritiated thymidine (H-3T) at various periods of intrauterine and early infant life in the periventricular proliferative zone and migrated to form the isocortex in the rat were tracked autoradiographically in series of stages to characterize their movements. Cells labeled at any stage soon separated themselves into cohorts, some continuing to proliferate, others migrating at once, and still others delaying before migrating. Migratory cells moved to the developing cortex along the curved and oblique paths of the pallial fibers, whose basic plan was established by the early thalamocortical fibers. Magnitude of speed was 15 to 30 μ per hour. The primitive neural cells that originated on each of the fourteenth to eighteenth intrauterine days first reached the cortex in about 48 hours, others took two or three days longer. Migrations originating on the nineteenth to twenty-first days continued into the week after birth; as the primitive cells approached the cortex, however, they differentiated into young neurons, and traveled perpendicularly to its outer part. The first cohort of twentieth day labeled cells reached their intracortical destinations in about three days, the last in about ten days. The isocortex was formed essentially from within outward. The first neuroglia destined for the isocortex arose on the twenty-first intrauterine day.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600311
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    A histochemical study of mucoid cells in the Pars distalis of the human hypophysisResearch supported by grant HD 00557 from National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 59-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sections of the human hypophysis were fixed in either formalin or Bouin's fluid and stained by a variety of mucoid and acid stains in order to demonstrate the staining characteristics of the mucoid cells of the pars distalis.Five types of mucoid cells were revealed and designated as cell types III, IV, V, VI and IX according to the classification system of Ezrin. Cell types III, IV, V and VI were present throughout the pars distalis while cell type IX was observed only in the posterior zone.The cells were tinctorially distinguished by the PAS-orange G affinity of the type III cell, the alcian blue-PAS reactivity of the type IV cell, the alcian blue staining of the type V cell and the affinity of the type VI cell for alcian blue-PAS-orange G. Cell type IX was recognized by the affinity of its cytoplasmic granules for most of the stains employed. Modified and degranulated forms of these cells were observed and are also described.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600107
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    An electron microscopic study of the innervation of papillary muscles in the rat (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 123-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The left ventricular papillary muscles of rats were studied under the electron microscope. The tissue was fixed in glutaraldehyde 6.25%, postfixed in osmium tetroxide 2% and embedded in Epon 812. Sections were stained with lead according to Karnovsky.The terminal distribution of nerve fibers and their relationship with target cells represented by cardiac and vascular smooth muscles were investigated. Nerve bundles followed the course of vessels to the perivascular spaces around the smallest arterioles. At this level the bundles became progressively thinner and individual axons were observed leaving the bundles and penetrating between myocardial cells. In the micrographs, the unmedullated axons contained in the bundles were of three different types. Axons of type 1, chiefly containing neurofilaments, were considered the most proximal portion of the nerve fibers involved in the conduction of impulses. Axons of type 2 were characterized by the appearance of agranular and granular vesicles. Axons of type 3, or nerve endings, represented the anatomical endpoint of individual axons. True myoneural junctions (nerve-muscle close contact) have been detected. More frequently, axons of type 3 end in the intercellular space (loose contact). Only a loose contact relationship was observed between the axons and vessels walls.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600111
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    Masthead (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600201
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  • 197
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    The intertubular cleft and membranous whorl in the rabbit placentaThis research was supported by grant 5T1-HD-21, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, and in part by USPHS grant AM-CA-11376-07. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 187-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The chorio-allantoic placenta of the rabbit is of the labyrinthine hemodichorial type where the outer trophoblastic layer next to the maternal blood space is syncytial and the inner is cellular. The syncytium has thick and thin areas. It is at the thick areas that the trophoblast from either side of the maternal blood tubule encloses a narrow intertubular cleft which has numerous interdigitating microvilli and desmosomes. Intravenously injected thorotrast (an electron dense particle) and maternal plasma readily enter the intertubular cleft. Along the intertubular cleft numerous caveolae, arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are present in the syncytium suggesting that the clefts are areas in which fluid and certain metabolites are absorbed. The agranular membranous whorls are found in the syncytial thick areas. They enclose central or eccentric masses of lipid droplets. Small whorls are found during early pregnancy; smaller and larger ones, however, are found from midpregnancy to term. The whorls progressively increase in size as pregnancy advances. Membranes of the whorl and the rough endoplasmic reticulum are interrelated and contiguous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600205
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  • 198
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    A histochemical study of neuro-insular complexes in the pancreas of the rat (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuro-insular complexes (neural elements in juxtaposition to islet cells of the pancreas) were studied in Holtzman albino rats.Pancreases were stained by either the aldehyde-fuchsin-ponceau (A-F-P) or the acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) technique. The A-F-P stain gave good definition of islet structure. Although some nerve cell bodies were distinguishable with this stain, the AChE technique gave better definition of nerve cells, including interstitial cells of Cajal.In adult rats every islet examined had a nerve network. In newborns the nerve network was less apparent though some nerve elements were present. A nerve network typical of the adult was found in rats 48 hours after birth.Following insulin and glucose loading, variation in the localization of AChE was noted. It is suggested that neuro-insular complexes have a modulatory influence on release of hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600209
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  • 199
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    The hepatic lobules of Suidae, Tayassuidae, and HippopotamidaeAided by research grant HE 01979, the National Institutes of Health. (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 531-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hepatic lobules of the family Suidae are unusually large, completely surrounded by fibrous tissue, and supplied by relatively large branches of the hepatic artery. The interlobular septa carry small branches of the artery, vein and bile ducts of the adjacent portal tracts and may be regarded as attenuated extensions of the portal tracts. The hepatic lobules of Tayassuidae and Hippopotamidae lack these distinctive features.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600303
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  • 200
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    The vertebral level of the arytenoid cartilages (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 160 (1968), S. 583-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A group of 27 females and 24 males between the ages of eight years four months and 15 years seven months was examined to determine the vertebral level of their arytenoid cartilages. An apprasial of their lateral cephalometric radiographs which included the cervical vertebra was made under rigid conditions. Each cervical vertebra was divided into three sections in order to relate its position more precisely to the cartilages. The age of each subject was recorded and then compared with the vertebral level of their arytenoid cartilages. General consistency seemed to prevail throughout the group at given sex and age levels. Visualization of the arytenoid cartilages was excellent. No evidence of mineralization in the laryngeal cartilages was noted in the age group studied.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091600307
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