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  • 1990-1994
  • 1970-1974  (479)
  • 1850-1859
  • 1972  (479)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (479)
  • 201
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The anatomy, physiology, functional significance and evolution of specialized hearing organs of gerbilline rodents (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 138 (1972), S. 41-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Middle and inner ear anatomy correlates with neurophysiological responses to a wide range of sound frequencies for species of the Gerbillinae representing generalized, intermediate, and specialized anatomical conditions. Neurophysiological data were recorded from 81 specimens of 13 species representing six genera. Anatomical parameters involved in the process of hearing were correlated with the neurophysiological data to assess the effects of different degrees of anatomical specialization on hearing. The 13 species tested in this manner have graphic curves of auditory sensitivity of remarkably similar disposition over the frequencies tested and to those published for Kangaroo Rats. Ears with anatomical specializations show greater auditory sensitivity.The natural history of the Gerbillinae, particularly the kinds of predators, degree of predation, and habitat is reviewed and utilized to interpret the significance of the degree of auditory specialization in the forms studied and to evaluate the prevailing hypothesis that these specializations enhance the ability of these rodents to survive in open desert situations by detecting and evading predators.The middle ear anatomy of five additional genera and species was also studied. Thus, data on the entire spectrum of gerbilline middle ear morphology provide an evolutionary sequence. Certain anatomical parameters of the organ of Corti show a degree of specialization parallel to that of features of the middle ear. The morphological changes and possible functional roles of these features are considered.A very high correlation exists for degree of specialization and aridity of habitat, thus specialization increases with increasing aridity. This increased specialization may result from more effective predation in open xeric environments. Auditory acuity for a wide range of low frequency sounds augmented by auditory specialization is hence more advantageous here. There does not appear to be selection for hearing at particular frequencies in this range. The peaks of greatest auditory sensitivity appear to correspond to the resonant frequencies of the different components of the middle ear transformer and cavity.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051380103
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  • 202
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryology of the sheep. II. The alimentary tract and associated glands (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 138 (1972), S. 187-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The day-by-day development of the alimentary system of the sheep embryo from 14 to 34 days is documented and described. This includes development of the mouth, the pharynx and its derivatives, esophagus, stomach, intestine, cecum, pancreas and liver.This work provides standards within the normal range of development of the ovine alimentary system on which studies of abnormal development can be based.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051380205
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  • 203
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryology of the sheep. I. Extraembryonic membranes and the development of body form (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 138 (1972), S. 169-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The developmental anatomy of the sheep in the early prenatal period (14 to 34 days) was studied using embryos of known coital age, and embryos of known size with estimated coital age. Characteristics of the embryos were studied by gross observation under the dissecting microscope, and by means of serial sections. The period of the ovum (from conception to 10 days) and the early embryonic period (from 11 to 14 days) are summarized from the literature.This work provides a detailed, systematic account of embryonic development in the sheep and establishes size-age standards. Anatomical features encountered in the normal development of the sheep embryo are documented day-by-day because they are essential for studies of teratogenesis and early prenatal mortality.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051380204
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  • 204
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skeletal morphology of the mud star, Ctenodiscus crispatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 138 (1972), S. 239-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of the following eight major ossicle types is described and illustrated for the goniopectinid asteroid Ctenodiscus crispatus: terminal plates, superomarginal and inferomarginal ossicles, adambulacral and ambulacral ossicles, odontophores, oral intermediate plates, and superambulacral ossicles. Development, variation, and relationships with soft body-parts and with other ossicles are embphasized. Each ossicle type is distinguished by numerous structures related to its function and to articulation with adjoining skeletal elements. Because major structures (such as pustules, alveoli, and articulation surfaces) distinguishing ossicle types develop early during ontogeny, immature ossicles are readily identifiable. However, changes in form and orientation of these structures occur during ossicle growth. Ontogenetic changes are influenced by development of associated skeletal and soft parts. Ambulacral and adambulacral ossicles near the peristome are highly modified but retain the basic characteristics of structure and orientation which define these major types of skeletal elements.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051380207
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  • 205
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    An ultrastructural analysis of mitosis and cytokinesis in the zygote of the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulataThis investigation was supported in part by grants [HD-36162, HD-05846, and HD-04924 (awarded to Dr. Everett Anderson)] from the National Institutes of Health and was carried out in the laboratory of Dr. Everett Anderson, the Department of Zoology, University of Massachusetts. The assistance of Mrs. Ellen Looney is gratefully appreciated. (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 138 (1972), S. 207-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Post-fertilization events leading to the cleavage of the zygote of the sea-urchin, Arbacia punctulata were examined with the light and electron microscopes. Prior to prophase of the first cleavage division, endoplasmic reticulum and annulate lamellae become organized around the zygotic nucleus to produce a crescent-shaped structure which is defined as the streak (Harvey, '56). With the advent of prophase the streak undergoes morphogenic events which lead to the formation of the mitotic asters. During this transition there is a loss of annulate lamellae and a concomitant increase in endoplasmic reticulum. Annulate lamellae are not found as a part of the mitotic apparatus and are not again observed within the embryo until the two cell stage. During telophase, karyomeres are formed which consist of chromosomes delimited by a porous bilaminar envelope. Blastomere nuclei are produced following the fusion of the outer laminae, and subsequently by the fusion of the inner laminae of the envelopes encompassing the karyomeres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051380206
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  • 206
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 138 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051380301
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  • 207
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    An electron microscopic study of the tympanal organ and associated structures in the foreleg tibia of the cricket, Gryllus assimilisPortion of a dissertation submitted to the Graduate Medical Sciences Council of the University of Tennessee in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anatomy.This investigation was supported by PHS Training grant GM-00202-10 from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences. (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 138 (1972), S. 329-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Early descriptions of insect sensory organs included three presumed mechanotransducers in the tibia of Orthoptera, namely the subgenual organ, the intermediate organ, and the tympanal organ. The following study examines the fine structure of the tympanal organ in the foreleg tibia of the cricket, Gryllus assimilis. This investigation provides the first fine structure analysis of this structure and shows that the tibial tympanal organ is not a scolopophorus organ. It consists of highly modified epithelium, associated with the anterior tympanic membrane, and receives innervation from the anterior ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051380303
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  • 208
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    Electronic Resource
    Electromyography of deep back muscles in manSupported by grant 16-P-56808/4-07 from Social and Rehabilitation Services, Department of H.E.W., Washington, D.C. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 25-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The deep layers of the transversospinal back muscles were studied in 25 healthy human subjects. Bipolar fine wire electrodes were inserted bilaterally at the level of the sixth thoracic and the third lumbar spinous processes. Activity was registered simultaneously in sitting and standing, and during movements while in these positions. It was shown that the same muscle group displayed different patterns of activity in the thoracic compared to the lumbar level. Variations in the pattern of activity during forward flexion, extension and axial rotation suggest that the transversospinal muscles adjust the motion between individual vertebrae. The experimental evidence confirms the anatomical hypothesis that the multifidi are stabilizers rather than prime movers of the whole vertebral column.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330103
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  • 209
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    The postnatal development of the retina in the normal and rodless CBA mouse: A light and electron microscopic studyThis project was supported by U. S. Public Health grants NS 7450, NS 9162, and AM-1230. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 179-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The postnatal development of the retina in control (CBA/S) and rodless (CBA/Ki) mice was studied by light and electron microscopy. In the control mice, the major increase in retinal thickness occurs between birth and seven days. The inner and outer segments begin to grow into the optic ventricle between seven and ten days with their most rapid growth occurring between 12 to 15 days; by 35 days the retina appears mature. During development, the nuclear layers become thinner while the optic ventricle (layer of rods) and the plexiform layers become thicker. At birth, the mutant or rodless retina is indistinguishable from the control; however, the inner and outer segments fail to develop beyond the primitive seven- to ten-day stage. At 15 days the outer nuclear layer becomes reduced to only a few nuclei in thickness. Many degenerating elements are found in the cavity of the optic ventricle and in the outer nuclear and plexiform layers. By 35 days the mutant retina lacks photoreceptors and is reduced in thickness to less than that at birth. The pigment epithelium is heightened in regions where degeneration is incomplete but becomes highly attenuated in regions where visual cell degeneration is complete. The optic ventricle contains the villous processes of the pigment epithelium and the fringe processes of the Müller cells. The outer limiting membrane is contiguous with remnants of the outer plexiform layer. Between the outer plexiform layer and the inner limiting membrane, the mutant retina is normal in appearance and dimension. The delayed appearance of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the pigment epithelium is implicated in the failure of outer segment maturation. The role of both Müller and pigment epithelial cells in removal of the products of retinal degeneration is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330205
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  • 210
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    Skeletal muscle regeneration in young rats (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 369-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The source of myotube nuclei in regeneration of skeletal muscle in young rats was studied by comparing frequencies of labeled nuclei in two experiments. In a single injury experiment, multiple injections of thymidine-H3 were given during a three day period, skeletal muscle was injured 12 days later and the rats were killed four days after injury. There were almost no labeled myotube nuclei in this experiment. In a double injury experiment, thymidine-H3 was injected two days after injury, the muscle was reinjured 12 days later, and the rats were killed four days after the second injury. Half of the myotube nuclei were radioactive and most of the centrally placed nuclei in maturing muscle fibers from the initial injury were radioactive. Since nuclei at the periphery of muscle fibers, including satellite cell nuclei, would have been labeled in both experiments, whereas myonuclei were extensively labeled only in the double injury experiment, it was concluded that the myotube nuclei were derived mainly from myonuclei.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330310
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  • 211
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    Mast cells, compound 48/80, and prolonged hypothermia in the ratSupported by Public Health Service Grant HE12401-01 from the National Heart and Lung Institute. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 379-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the nonhibernating animal the stress of prolonged deep hypothermia is associated with the development of circulatory symptoms like those of burn-shock. Mast cells are sensitive to a variety of stressors, including thermal ones, and commonly react by releasing vasoactive substances that may facilitate vascular changes similar to those of burnshock. The possible role of mast cells in the complications of prolonged hypothermia was the object of this investigation.Two groups of female albino rats were subjected to 15° C total body hypothermia for 7.5 hr and then rewarmed artificially. Group I had been treated previously with compound 48/80 which depletes the mast cell content of tissues. Group II constituted controls and possessed a normal complement of mast cells.Progressive hemoconcentration was noted in both groups. However, the hematocrits of the 48/80-treated animals were significantly lower at selected intervals than those of control animals. In addition, 100% survival of the 48/80-treated animals was recorded in contrast to a 60% survival rate for controls. Microscopic examination of the mast cells in several tissues of additional controls suggested a loss of granule density during hypothermia and early rewarming. This investigation offers circumstantial evidence that mast cells of the rat facilitate the development of some of the deleterious effects of prolonged hypothermia.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330311
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  • 212
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    Placental development in the mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). I. Early development to the time of chorio-allantoic contactThis investigation was supported in part by Institutional Research grants IN-40I and IN-40J to the University of Michigan by the American Cancer Society, by a General Research Support grant to the University of Michigan Medical School, and by Michigan Memorial Phoenix Project 428. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Early gerbil development was studied from days 4 through 12 of gestation. Implantation occurs on day 8 in a shallow antimesometrial implantation crypt. The proamniotic cavity forms from an invagination of basal trophoblast and a folding together of the rim of the cup thus produced. The approximation of this rim gives rise to the ectoplacental cone. The further development and expansion of the ectoplacental cone is much like the rat. Amniogenesis is by folding into the proamniotic cavity. Between large glycogen-filled decidual cells occur many PAS-positive eosinophilic granular cells. A massive subplacental gland forms from proliferating uterine epithelium within the decidua basalis. Epithelial proliferation begins shortly after implantation, and soon short thick cellular processes extend from the antimesometrial side of the lumen whereas long branching cords penetrate the decidua basalis mesometrially. The function of this structure is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340304
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  • 213
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340101
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  • 214
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    Structure and carbohydrate histochemistry of postnatal canine salivary glands (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 377-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Structural changes in secretory units of developing canine salivary glands have been correlated with their histochemically demonstrable carbohydrate content. At birth, three and eight weeks, and six months, secretory cells and duct systems of parotid, submandibular, sublingual and zygomatic glands of mongrel puppies were examined for morphology and localization of sulfomucin, sialomucin, neutral polysaccharide and glycogen. Combining structural and histochemical criteria a classification was formulated to discriminate between mucous, serous, and seromucous cells. Within the first six months of life changes occur in the proportion of these cells in individual salivary glands. Structurally distinct typical and atypical mucous cells contained acidic carbohydrates, usually sulfomucin. In sublingual glands of more mature dogs, however, sialomucin was the predominant constituent in atypical mucous cells. Serous acinar cells containing neutral polysaccharide occurred only in these glands. Seromucous acinar cells secreting acidic carbohydrates, usually sialomucins, were recognized in parotid and zygomatic glands. Demilunes composed of sialomucin-producing seromucous cells and neutral polysaccharide-producing serous cells were observed in submandibular and zygomatic glands, respectively. From this investigation it appears that the structural and carbohydrate profile of developing canine salivary glands is distinctive to the particular age examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340308
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  • 215
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    Electron microscopy of the red pulp of human spleen (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 425-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Terminating arterial vessels, the structure of sinuses and cords, and the passage of cells through the sinus wall in the red pulp of human spleen were studied. All terminating arterial capillaries arterial capillaries observed opened into cords. The distance between terminating arterial capillaries and sinuses varied. Macrophages were commonly present at arterial terminations. Arterial capillary endothelium contained filaments about 80 Å in diameter. Blood cells were frequently present in the capillary lumen or in passage through the capillary wall into cords. Endothelial cells of sinuses contained three distinctive structures: loosely organized cytoplasmic filaments, tightly organized finer filaments, and micropinocytotic vesicles. Many micropinocytotic vesicles about 0.1 μ in diameter were present just beneath the plasma membrane of the lateral and luminal sides of sinus endothelial cells and a few at the basal aspect. Loosely organized filaments about 80 Å in diameter ran parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sinus endothelium. The finer filaments about 30-50 Å in diameter were tightly organized as filamentous bands and present basally. The filaments of the bands appeared inserted upon the plasma membrane. They were also present in the cordal reticular cells and terminating arterial capillaries. Free cells were frequently present in passage through the slits of the sinus wall. There were no preformed or fixed apertures in the sinus wall. The basement membrane and reticular fibers were completely covered by the endothelial cells and/or cordal reticular cells.It is likely that those slits between endothelial cells in the sinus wall not covered by the basement membrane are potential passageways for cells moving from the cords into the sinus. The larger cytoplasmic filaments are likely contractile. The filamentous bands appear to maintain cell shape, stabilize the wall in relation to the basement membrane, and are probably operative in the control of cellular passage through the slits of sinus wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340404
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  • 216
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    The structure of compressed lungs in congenital diaphragmatic herniaSupported by research grant HD-00650-16, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service; and SCOR, HE 14152. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 497-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The case of a full term, stillborn infant with herniation of the viscera through a so-called left Bochdalek foramen is analyzed. Graphic and wax reconstructions of the uninflated left lung record the degree of differentiation and the histologic appearance of the atelectatic parenchyma. To this is appended a discussion of the probable sequence of events during gestation; and an explanation of why such hernias usually protrude into the left, and not the right pleural cavity.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340407
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  • 217
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    Of eggs and follicles (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350102
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  • 218
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    The effect of lithium carbonate on the structure of the rat kidneyAided by a Department of Health, Education and Welfare, National Institute of Mental Health grant 1-R03-MH-18784-01 (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 97-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were used to study effects of lithium carbonate on the ultrastructure of the rat kidney. Experimental rats received daily intraperitoneal injections of lithium carbonate in dosages of 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg/day. These animals were killed on day 12 to 60. Control rats were either non-injected or injected with either sodium chloride or sodium carbonate. Kidneys from control rats showed no abnormal changes. The 10 and 30 mg/kg lithium carbonate dosages caused progressive mitochondrial swelling, dilatation of cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and occasional swelling of apical cytoplasm in tubular cells localized in the distal portion of the nephron. The 100 mg/kg lithium dosage produced damage in all portions of the nephron. However, the most severe damage, consisting of mitochondrial swelling, dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, apical cytoplasmic rarefaction and liquefaction, karyolysis and karyorrhexis was noted in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts. The present study demonstrated that low dosages of lithium carbonate do affect the structure of the rat kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340108
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  • 219
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    The effects of acute starvation on parotid acinar cells. Ultrastructural and cytochemical observations on Ad Libitum-fed and starved rats (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 71-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Parotid acinar cells from ad libitum-fed and starved rats were studied using electron microscopic and cytochemical techniques. Lysosomes containing acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase activity were present in cells of both ad libitum-fed and starved rats. They included lipofuscin-like bodies, smaller round or irregularly-shaped bodies, multivesicular bodies, and coated vesicles. After 16-24 hours of starvation, lipid droplets had accumulated in the basal cytoplasm, and secretory granules showed evidence of degeneration. These altered granules consisted of irregular clumps of dense material in a less dense matrix. After 48-72 hours of starvation, the altered granules increased in number and fused to form large aggregates. Some of the aggregates also contained vesicles, membranous material, and lysosomal residues. The altered granules and aggregates were reactive for acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. The formation of the altered granules appeared to occur by spontaneous degeneration of the secretory granules, with secondary fusion with pre-existing lysosomes and other altered granules. The results suggest that the lysosomal system of the parotid acinar cell functions to segregate and digest secretory granules during periods of reduced secretory stimulation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350107
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  • 220
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    Prenatal development of the ductus epididymidis in the rhesus monkey. The effects of fetal castrationPublication 595 of the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center. This study was supported by NIH grants HD-05180, RR-00163, and HD-05969. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 119-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: After formation of the epididymis, the cuboidal epithelial cells of the ductus epididymidis undergo little cytodifferentiation in the fetal rhesus monkey. However, from 130 days of fetal life until birth, the cells undergo a period of differentiation that proceeds in an anterio-posterior direction along the duct. Concurrently epithelial cells of the ductus efferens and caput epididymidis transform from a cuboidal condition with no surface modifications to cells similar to those of adults. Over 50% of the cells become ciliated and the remainder develop surface modifications resembling those in adult nonciliated cells. The epithelial cells lining the ducts of the corpus epididymidis, and in some cases those of the cauda epididymidis, develop stereocilia.Castration of the fetus between the 106th and 112th day of gestation prevents differentiation of the epithelium of the epididymis. Administration of medroxy-progesterone, a drug with androgenic properties, to the mother of a castrated fetus results in normal differentiation of epithelial cells lining the fetal caput epididymidis. These studies indicate that fetal differentiation of the epithelial cells of the epididymis depends on the secretion of androgen by the fetal testes. The androgen level drops at birth, and concomitantly the epithelial cells of the male reproductive tract return to an undifferentiated state until puberty.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Effect of vinblastine sulfate on the fine structure of cells of the rat renal corpuscleResearch supported by N.I.H. grants AM 15176, GM 00100, and HE 03174, by Institutional Cancer Grant IN-26L from the American Cancer Society, and by the Graduate School Research Fund of the University of Washington. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 319-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Vinblastine sulfate was administered intravenously to adult rats chiefly to study the effect of microtubule loss on the cell shape of renal podo-cytes. After treatment which resulted in a nearly complete absence of normalsized microtubules (260 Å diameter) in podocytes, there was no evidence that any alteration in cell shape accompanied the disappearance of these organelles. Unlike podocytes, blood platelets did undergo a change in shape with exposure to the drug. After treatment, platelets seen within glomerular capillaries were more spherical and rarely contained microtubules.Intracytoplasmic paracrystalline inclusions characteristic of vinblastine treatment were observed in visceral and parietal cells of Bowman's capsule, glomerular endothelial cells, blood platelets, mesangial cells, interstitial fibroblasts, mononuclear leukocytes, a granulated juxtaglomerular cell, and cells of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Unusually large microtubules, with an approximate diameter of 450 Å, were also seen in a variety of cell types after vinblastine treatment. In favorably oriented cross-sectional profiles, 12-13 subunits were discernible within the wall of these large microtubules.
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350401
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    Ultrastructure of the human submaxillary gland IV. Serous granulesThis work was supported in part by NIH grant 5 SO1-RR05335-11. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 419-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Acinar serous granules in specimens of human submaxillary gland fixed with aldehydes followed by osmium were examined in the electron microscope. Typical mature granules had a tripartite substructure: (1) an eccentrically placed dense spherule; (2) material of intermediate density adherent to the inner aspect of the granule membrane in the form of a crescent; and (3) a less dense, homogeneously fibrillo-granular matrix. The dense spherules appeared within expanded Golgi saccules; other granule constituents apparently were of secondary acquisition. A few cells contained atypical serous granules in which material of intermediate density was disposed in random loops, whorls, and striae. Such granules usually lacked dense spherules. It is postulated that the two morphologically distinct types of granules represent separate classes of serous secretory products.
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    Innervation of pulmonary alveoli of the mouse lung: An electron microscopic study (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 477-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nerve supply to the alveolar ducts and alveoli of mouse lungs was studied with the electron microscope. In the alveolar ducts, nerve bundles consisting of as many as nine unmyelinated axons surrounded by connective tissue fibers were usually located in the interstitium surrounding the openings of the alveoli. In the alveolar walls, nerve bundles consisting of as many as five unmyelinated axons were located in the interstitium between pneumocytes and the capillaries. The unmyelinated axons contained neurotubules and some mitochondria, and were partially or completely surrounded by Schwann cells. Two distinct types of enlarged nerve endings were identified. The first type contained many small mitochondria and was either associated with the type I pneumocyte or located alone in the interstitium. The second type was packed with numerous large dense-core vesicles and was in close contact with the type II pneumocyte. It is suggested that the first type of ending is sensory and the second type is motor in function.
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    Desmosome-like junctions in the spiral ganglia of cats (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The spiral ganglia of adult cats contain desmosome-like junctions between lamellae of perikaryal or axonal myelin, between Schwann cell and neuronal plasmalemma, and between the perikaryon of myelinated neurons and cellular structures not identified as to cellular origin. The possibility exists that the unidentified cellular structures observed may be part of another neuron, thus forming a means by which neurons in a spiral ganglion can communicate.
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    Effects of halothane on the ultrastructure of rat liver cellsThis study was supported in part by U.S.P.H.S. grants AM-11854 and 5T 01 GM-01548. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 5-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective was to study the effects of halothane, a volatile anesthetic, on hepatic metabolism of a second volatile anesthetic, methoxyflurane, and to correlate these biochemical findings with hepatic morphological changes. Microsomal fractions isolated from rats treated with halothane and from control animals were assayed for their capacity to dechlorinate methoxyflurane. Microsomes from halothane-treated rats demonstrated about 2.6 times the capacity to dechlorinate methoxyflurane as microsomes from control animals. Electron microscopy showed that liver cells from halothane-treated animals, when compared with hepatocytes from control rats, had increased amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, an increased number of lipid droplets, and more microbodies per cell. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and glycogen were decreased by halothane treatment. We interpret these results to mean that halothane induces the rough endoplasmic reticulum to synthesize enzymes required for the biotransformation of methoxyflurane. It is suggested that these enzymes are placed in membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. This organelle is converted to smooth endoplasmic reticulum and here the biotransforming enzymes function to dechlorinate methoxyflurane.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350103
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    The ultrastructure of the thyrotropic cell during thyrotropin rebound in the adenohypophysis of the ratSupported, in part, by grant AM-00432 and a Career Research Award given to Dr. S. A. D'Angelo by the NIH: and by PHS General Research Support grant RR-5414. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 33-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adenohypophyses of rats were studied ultrastructurally to ascertain the morphologic changes that occur in thyrotropic cells during the pituitary TSH Rebound Phenomenon. Rats were maintained on propylthiouracil (PTU) for 43-147 days and their adenohypophyses studied three to nine days after discontinuance of goitrogen treatment. TSH rebound was also induced in chronically hypothyroid rats by single intravenous injections of 0.8, 4, 20 and 200 μg of thyroxine. Pituitaries were studied from animals sacrificed 6-24 hours after thyroxine injection. Thyrotrophs of euthyroid rats were characterized ultrastructurally by the presence of numerous peripherally-located, small secretory granules (storage phase) and by highly dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (secretory phase). The thyrotropic cells in PTU-treated rats were sparsely granulated, displayed enlarged mitochondria with much loss of cristae and contained extensively dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and expanded Golgi membranes.Marked repletion of granules, both intracisternal and cytoplasmic, was seen during TSH rebound in the pituitary. It was observed in some thyrotrophs as early as three days after goitrogen withdrawal and was enhanced further at the 6- and 9-day intervals. Granule repletion increased progressively with doses of thyroxine up to 20 μg and assayable thyrotropin in pituitary glands increased 500-700% over normal. Effects with the 20 μg dose could be detected as early as six hours. With higher doses of thyroxine, granule repletion in thyrotrophs was inhibited and mitcohondrial hypertrophy was largely reversed.The electron microscopic findings reveal close correlation with previously published data on thyrotropin assays of the rat pituitary. They support the concept that the degree of cytoplasmic granulation in thyrotropic cells is quantitatively related to assayable stores of thyrotropin in the anterior pituitary gland.
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    Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit. XLII. Growth gradients, epigenetic variants, and function (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 105-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Comparison of the effects of the Da gene upon the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in rabbits of strain DA and unrelated strain IIIDa has made possible study of the relative effects of Da growth retardation and strain differences of primary and secondary growth gradients and their interaction. When Da is absent and parental border shift dosages (which portray the localization and magnitude of thoracic and lumbar gradients) are most anterior, synchondrosis fusion is minimal in both strains. Presence of Da in either Da/+ or Da/Da genotype significantly increases the penetrance and expression of fusion in both strains. Fusion tends to be additively increased when parental thoracolumbar and lumbosacral borders are shifted anteriorly, and antagonistically decreased when they are replaced by posterior border shifts. The interaction of these two (gene and genome) influences results in patterns of continuous distribution involving from two to five classes. Penetrance of fusion is outstandingly affected by Da whereas expressivity obviously is more specifically associated with vertebral border shifts. This differentiates their associations with primary and secondary gradients respectively. The study shows how such epigenetic variants and specific gene induced localized retardations could be used in genetic analyses of basic growth processes. Studied developmentally in time and relation to function, they could establish firm grounds for prediction and control of abnormal development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350109
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350201
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    Cellular growth in hypophysectomized or diabetic adult rats during protein repletion (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 169-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The influence of hypophysectomy or alloxan diabetes on the capacity of the adult male rat to replete organ protein composition was studied. Adult male rats that were fed a protein-free diet for 30 days exhibited a loss of protein in the liver, kidney, gastrocnemius muscle and heart and of RNA. Total DNA and cell size (P/DNA) changes varied with the organ studied. Hypophysectomy followed by protein refeeding moderated the increase in liver protein and cell size and prevented the increase in RNA observed in normal rats. Diabetes had no effect on liver repletion. Hypophysectomy completely prevented the normal increase in kidney mass, total protein and cell size associated with refeeding, whereas diabetes moderated only the cell size increase. Diabetes effectively blocked the anticipated increase in protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius muscle associated with refeeding, whereas hypophysectomy was followed by an increase in total muscle protein. Repletion of the heart was prevented by hypophy-sectomy but not by diabetes in which an increase in total protein and in cell size occurred. Neither endocrine deficiency prevented a gain in body weight nor in nitrogen retained but distribution of the retained amino acids was markedly modified. Thus organ responses to endocrine deficiencies are influenced by body protein reserves.
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330201
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    Ultrastructura observations on ovarian perifollicular smooth muscle in the cat, guinea pig, and rabbit (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 125-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The theca externa of large vesicular ovarian follicles of cats, rabbits and guinea pigs was studied with the electron microscope. Fibroblasts and smooth muscle were observed in all species. In the guinea pig, a third cell type, with characteristics of both fibroblasts and smooth muscle, was present. Myelinated and unmyelinated nerves were observed in the theca externa of cats and guinea pigs. Unmyelinated nerves often contained vesicles and mitochondria and were separated from cellular elements by a space of about 2000 Å. It is suggested that coordinated muscular contractions in the theca externa offer the most reasonable explanation for the extrusion of the ovum. This muscle is probably, at least partially, under local neural control.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330202
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    The ureteral lumen during peristalsis (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 255-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study concerns the size and shape of the ureteral lumen and an assessment of its enlargement during peristalsis. To stop the action of the living dog ureter, it was flooded with isopentane close to its freezing point (- 160° C). The ureter remained frozen until completion of all technical procedures. Photographs of the cut end of active ureters also provided evidence of its luminal characteristics and a movie was achieved of its continuous action. The totally collapsed lumen is stellate in form, epithelial surfaces being in virtual contact. As the lumen opens the points of the stars are last to go, but a square shape and finally a circle result. In a typical experiment, the collapsed lumen had a cross sectional area of 0.12 mm2, enlarging to 2 mm2 in diuresis. This × 17 enlargement occurred over a 3 cm length of the peristaltic wave. Enlargement of the lumen is largely accommodated by thinning of the muscle coats and attenuation of the mucous membrane, there being relatively little gross enlargement of the total segment.Direct photography of the cut end of the proximal segment of the ureter completely confirms the section studies.
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    Electron microscopic observations on the contribution of the ultimobranchial bodies to thyroid histogenesis in the ratThis investigation was supported by a grant from the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 269-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of ultimobranchial bodies in the rat has been studied from the fifteenth to the twentieth day of gestation. At 15 days, the ultimobranchial bodies were still separated from the median thyroid primordium by connective tissue. Their lumina were filled with cellular debris and their thick walls were made up of one type of cell in which rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum was scanty. Early in the sixteenth day, cell cords from the median thyroid primordium came in direct contact with the ultimobranchial bodies; no basal lamina separated them. At 17 days the walls of the ultimobranchial bodies were composed of C cells, glycogen-rich cells and cells that were poor in rough-surfaced membranes and glycogen. At 18 days three types of cells were present in cell cords in direct contact with the ultimobranchial bodies: C cells, glycogen-rich cells and follicular cells. The first two cell types had migrated from the ultimobranchial bodies while the follicular cells had originated from the median primordium. In the same cell cords, follicular cells containing glycogen granules were interpreted as being an intermediate stage between glycogen-rich cells and true follicular cells. In follicular cells of the isthmus region, which presumably originate from the median primordium alone, glycogen granules were not observed after the fifteenth day of development. It is concluded that C cells and few follicular cells are of ultimobranchial origin.
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    Effects of red blood cell injections on diet-induced atrial thrombosis in Swiss miceSupported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.P.S. GM-00382-07 and 5 R01 HE-04052-13. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 341-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Female Taconic Swiss mice were fed a high-fat (28%), low-protein (8%), hypolipotropic diet. Some of the animals received intraperitoneal injections of washed, packed red blood cells or physiological saline while receiveing the diet. Mice that received only the experimental diet for ten weeks developed a high incidence of atrial thrombosis (84%) concurrently with severe anemia (hematocrit 6.7). Saline injections did not alter these changes significantly. Atrial thrombosis was prevented in mice maintained at a normal or slightly subnormal hematocrit level with injections of washed, packed erythrocytes.
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    The placenta comes of age (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 389-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330402
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    An electron microscopic study of intimal cushions in intracranial arteries of the cat (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 415-429 
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    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Subendothelial protuberances associated with the tunica intima have been described by light microscopy at branching sites of arteries in various animal species. These structures are termed intimal cushions or intimal pads. Some investigators regard them as being pathologic, preceding the appearance of atherosclerosis in the vessel wall. This fine structural study was done because of the possible role of intimal cushions in the regulation of cerebral blood flow at branching sites of intracranial arteries. The internal elastic lamina is split at the margins of a cushion to enclose irregularly arranged bundles of smooth muscle cells and collagenous fibrils. These smooth muscle cells are generally arranged at a right angle to smooth muscle cells in the underlying media. The outermost layer of the internal elastic lamina forms a boundary between the body of the cushion and the media; however, areas of discontinuity cause this border to be poorly defined in some instances. Perivascular autonomic nerves do not extend into either media or intimal cushions. Intercellular contacts between smooth muscle cells are observed within cushions as well as in the media, suggesting that cushions may be contractile and capable of modifying cerebral blood flow.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330405
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    Adrenergic innervation in ovaries of the rat and guinea pig (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 455-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ovarian adrenergic innervation of rats and guinea pigs was studied using a fluorescent technique. In both species, catecholamine-containing nerves entered the ovary via hilar perivascular plexuses and extended into adjacent medullary and cortical tissue. The interstitial gland of the rat ovary was well innervated; however, cortical components of the ovary in this species, including corpora lutea and developing and mature follicles, were sparsely innervated. The interstitial gland and theca folliculi of developing and mature guinea pig follicles contained a dense network of beaded preterminal nerves. It is suggested that ovarian adrenergic nerves facilitate ovulation, either directly by stimulating perifollicular smooth muscle to contract or indirectly by influencing the steroid output of the interstitial gland.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330407
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340401
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    Collagen distribution in the rat demonstrated by a specific anti-collagen antiserumThe work was supported in part by grants DE 02636-01 to -05 from the U.S. Public Health Service. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 23-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A specific anti-collagen antiserum was prepared in rabbits using as antigen a rat tail collagen preparation free of serum protein reactants. This antiserum reacted with several forms of isolated collagen and with rat urine, but not with rat serum. It was coupled to fluorescein and used to label sites of collagen in frozen and dried cryostat sections of rat tissues. The indirect method, with uncoupled serum, was also used routinely.Tubular and glomerular basement membranes, Bowman's capsule, basement membrane of skin and lung, reticular fibers of spleen and the connective tissue framework of muscle were strongly stained, as was also new bone on trabecular borders and around osteocytes.The supporting fibers of normal hyaline cartilage, calcified bone, most tendons and the deeper fibers of skin were less stained or unstained under identical conditions and are presumably masked or blocked in situ.Cytoplasm or cytoplasmic processes in some fibroblasts of skin and tendon, cytoplasm of osteocytes and some cartilage cells in elastic cartilage were stained.Reaction and masking in fibers are presumably related to the modes of collagen linkage both within the fiber and externally with the ground substance matrix. Activity could be elicited in tendon by a brief heating at 60°C sufficiently to abolish the collagen birefringence. These collagen linkages are believed to be of importance in determining its behavior in overall processes of tissue disaggregation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340104
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    Histochemical and electron microscopic observations on the sperm receptacles in the garter snake oviductSupported in part by a U.S.P.H.S. Predoctoral Fellowship and by N.S.F. Research grants G-24043 and GB-6435X. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 71-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sperm storage receptacles in the oviduct of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, were studied using histological, histochemical, and electron microscopic techniques. The receptacles are located in the posterior infundibulum and are readily distinguished from other structures within the oviduct. The luminal epithelium consists of secretory cells and ciliated cells. The latter cell type also lines the ducts leading to the receptacles. The distribution of lipids, carbohydrates, and several enzymes (succinic dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, nonspecific esterase, lipase, sorbitol dehydrogenase) in the infundibulum is described.At the electron microscopic level sperm heads are seen to be closely associated with the surface of receptacle cells, often indenting the luminal plasma membrane. The possibility of a “Sertoli cell-like” relationship is discussed. Formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles in receptacle cells is temporally associated with ovulation and may be part of a mechanism for sperm release from receptacle cells. No contractile elements were observed immediately around the receptacles.Evidence is presented which suggests that free fructose and glucose are produced by the oviduct, possibly to be utilized for sperm metabolism at the time of ovulation and sperm release.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340107
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340201
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    The fine structure of the interstitial tissue of the rat prostateThis research was supported by contracts 69-2104 and 71-2506 with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 107-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The structure of the interstitial tissue of the rat prostate has been studied using the light and electron microscopes in an attempt to determine the role of the fibromuscular stroma in the normal functioning of the gland. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts are the most numerous cell types. They are accompanied by macrophages, mast cells, and undifferentiated cells of low electron density. Smooth muscle cells have cytoplasmic protrusions that extend into corresponding depressions in adjacent muscle cells, and, at these points, the intercellular space is narrowed to 150-2000 Å. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts are arranged in parallel in septa between adjacent epithelial alveoli and form a sheath around each alveolus. Proceeding peripherally from the epithelium into the interstitial tissue, this sheath is composed of a layer of one or two highly flattened fibroblasts and a parallel layer of smooth muscle cells, followed subsequently by additional layers of fibroblasts and smooth muscle that merge into the remainder of the interstitial tissue. Most of the capillaries have an uninterrupted endothelium, but in some regions endothelial fenestrations are present. Unmyelinated axons contain aggregations of small granular and agranular vesicles. Vesicles are found in axons at distances up to several thousand angstroms from muscle cells and in axons that approach to within 150-200 Å of smooth muscle cells. In some cases an axon lies in a deep depression in the surface of a muscle cell. The type of innervation and variety of intercellular contact between muscle cells is discussed in relation to probable physiological characteristics of the tissue.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340109
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  • 244
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    Presence of connections between follicles in juvenile mouse ovariesStudy supported by a U.S.P.H.S. Research Grant (R01HD05725) and Research Contract (69-2220). (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ovaries of 1 to 12 day-old mice contain multilaminar follicles connected by tubular formations of granulosal cells. Conjoined follicles appear to be at synchronized stages of maturation. It is probable that the development of these interfollicular connections, which form during fetal stages of ovarian morphogenesis, is related to the presence of intercellular bridges between primordial germ cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340110
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  • 245
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    Truncus arteriosus malformation in a human embryoSupported in part by contract PN-43-67-1444 with the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education and Welfare. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 167-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Malformation of the heart and great vessels in a human embryo of 23-mm crown-rump length (Horizon XXII) is described on the basis of reconstruction of serial sections. A type I truncus arteriosus malformation with right aortic arch and absent ductus arteriosus was present. The left ventricle was anterior and lateral to the right. It is postulated that the malposition of the ventricles produced an abnormal relationship of the outflow blood streams which led to the truncus arteriosus malformation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340204
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  • 246
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    The fine structure of progressive stages of myocardial mitosis in chick embryosSupported by a grant from the North Dakota Heart Association and an NIH Institutional grant FR 05407 for General Research Support. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 175-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of mitosis in myocardial cells possessing myofibrils from embryonic chick hearts (4.5-6 days incubation age) is described. In these cells during prophase, chromosomes appear, but the nuclear membrane, Golgi complexes, and Z bands mostly disappear. In metaphase, lipid droplets and large quantities of membranous cisternae localize around the centrioles, while sarcomeric lengths of myofibrils (largely without Z bands) are found disoriented in the periphery, mainly in the polar zones. In anaphase the cisternae collect near the chromosomes, as reconstruction of the nuclear membrane commences. An intact nuclear envelope and well-formed Golgi complexes characterize telophase, but Z bands still are not present. During all of the mitotic stages, junctional complexes between dividing cells and adjacent resting cells persist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340205
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  • 247
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    The distribution of osmiophilic lamellae within the alveolar and bronchiolar walls of the mammalian lungs as revealed by osmium-ethanol treatmentThis work was supported by grant HD-02459 from National Institute of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, and Grant-in-Aid of New York Heart Association. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 203-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Osmiophilia of the cellular elements of the alveoli and bronchioles was investigated using the new technique of second osmication with a solution containing a mixture of osmium tetroxide and ethanol. Previously this method was used to reveal osmiophilic periodic lamellae of synthetic dipalmitoyl lecithin and the surface film of the acellular alveolar lining layer of the mammalian lung in thin sections.In the present experiments, much of the osmiophilic content of inclusions in type II epithelial cells became visible only after second osmication with osmium-ethanol but was not visible with the initial osmium tetroxide fixation. The osmiophilic content of the inclusions showed 42 Å periodicity. These results are in accord with those obtained in the study of dipalmitoyl lecithin and the surface film, suggesting that the inclusions are the precursors of the pulmonary surfactant.Several new observations were made with this technique. These include osmiophilic lamellae within Golgi saccules, within the multivesicular bodies of type II cells, in the vesicles of type I epithelial cells, and in the basement membranes of epithelial cells. These observations are consistent with the idea that the Golgi apparatus and multivesicular bodies are closely related to the production of surfactant and that the surfactant may be disposed of by type I epithelial cells after engulfment by pinocytosis. Thereafter, the surfactant may eventually be cleared through the lymphatics.Clara cell granules behaved differently and were thought to be an unlikely site for the synthesis of the pulmonary surfactant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340206
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  • 248
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    Ultrastructure of cardiac muscle from dystrophic mice (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 271-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of cardiac muscle from dystrophic mice was compared with that of their non-dystrophic littermates. Among the abnormalities observed in the fine structure of the muscle fibers in the dystrophic animals were increased lipid, swollen mitochondria, swollen tubules of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, supercontracted myofibrils, and partially separated intercalated discs. The ventricular muscle appeared to be the region most often affected; in only one of eleven animals did the atrium show discernible effects of the dystrophy. Although a progression of degenerative events seemed to occur, a time schedule could not be determined because of the large variation among hearts of dystrophic animals. The ultrastructure of the hearts from non-dystrophic littermates was normal. It appears that the depressed cardiac function caused by the myopathy may play a major role in the early death of the dystrophic mice, as in the case of dystrophic hamsters and men. Most of the ultrastructural abnormalities observed could be accounted for if there were an elevation of intracellular free Ca++ concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340302
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  • 249
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    Placental development in the mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). II. From the establishment of the labyrinth to termThis investigation was supported in part by Institutional Research grants IN-40I and IN-40J to the University of Michigan by the American Cancer Society, by a General Research Support grant to the University of Michigan Medical School, and by Michigan Memorial Phoenix Project 428. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 321-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Placental development was studied in 24 gerbils from day 13 to term. Allantoic mesoderm contacts and vascularizes the chorionic-trager plate of germinal cytotrophoblast on day 13. Soon villous extensions penetrate the plate, carrying with them a covering of three layers of trophoblast derived from it. As the villi elongate, clumps of germinal cytotrophoblast are carried peripherally by them. Further development of each villus results in a cylindrical mesenchymal core with a central arteriole, and radially arranged branching lamellar extensions carrying capillaries derived from the villus arteriole. Germinal cytotrophblast clusters disappear near term, but some indication always remains of the trilaminar covering of the villus and its lamellae. A typical countercurrent blood flow pattern occurs. The trophospongium is derived from the ectoplacental cone and the mesometrial surface of the germinal cytotrophoblastic plate. Although a few clusters of small cells occur, it is essentially a giant cell trophospongium and never contains cells resembling the clear cells of the rat. Late in pregnancy it becomes much reduced in thickness. The unique subplacental gland begins to degenerate soon after placental establishment and is gone by the last half of pregnancy. The metrial gland begins development at midterm and becomes a solid mass of cells filling the perivascular space of the mesometrial triangle at term.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340305
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  • 250
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    A study on division of primordial germ cells in the early chick embryoThis investigation was supported in part by USPHS Research grants AM-03895 and AM-09926, an NIH General Research Support grant and an Institutional grant from the Americal Cancer Society. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 51-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose was to determine the sites, times and frequency of mitotic activity in primordial germ cells in the white Leghorn chick embryo during the period of migration. Colchicine was employed to facilitate the identification of dividing germ cells in embryos ranging in age from 18 hours to five days of incubation (stages 3-27). An increase in the number of germ cells was observed during the period of migration, due primarily to proliferation of intraembryonic cells, since no significant increase in the number of extra-embryonic germ cells was seen during this period. The number of germ cells during this period ranged from 43 at 18 hours to 2211 at 120 hours. Two periods of intense proliferation were observed, the first between 48 and 72, the second between 96 and 120 hours. This coincided with a simultaneous increase in the number of germ cells during these periods. Dividing germ cells were present in the extraembryonic blood vessels anterior, lateral and posterior to the embryo at 28, 48 and 72 hours and within the intra-embryonic circulatory network at 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. At 72, 96 and 120 hours, dividing germ cells were numerous in the tissues of the dorsal mesentery adjacent to the developing gonads and within the gonads. Dividing germ cells were also located in head mesenchyme, limb buds and mesenchyme surrounding the notochord-neural tube complex. Dividing germ cells were found in the chick embryo throughout the entire migratory period.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350106
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    Intranuclear inclusions in mammotrophs of the female mongolian gerbilThis investigation was supported by grant HE 06975 from the National Heart Institute. Dr. Nakayama is the recipient of a Bertha P. and Henry C. Buswell Fellowship. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Membranous and vacuolar inclusions have been identified within the nucleus of mammotrophs in the pituitary of female Mongolian gerbils but are absent in adult male and newborn gerbils of both sexes. Membranous inclusions are observed in focal areas of the nucleus and are frequently in proximity to the inner nuclear membrane. Vacuoles are surrounded by a single membrane and the matrix is structureless and either flocculent or clear. An intermediate form of nuclear inclusion is membrane-bound and contains typical cytoplasmic organelles. It is suggested that degenerative changes in inclusions originating in the cytoplasm may produce large structureless vacuoles. The increased number of inclusions in testosterone-treated animals may be a response of mammotrophs to alteration in synthesis or release of hormone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350108
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  • 252
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    Projections of adrenocortical cells into sinusoidal lumina. Influence of prostaglandin E1Supported by U.S.P.H.S. Grant AM-09561. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cytoplasmic projections of adrenocortical cells have been observed within sinusoidal lumina of various species. The projections contain organelles and inclusions which are morphologically identical to those in subjacent functional cortical cells, and appear to be capable of hormone biosynthesis. The frequency with which the projections are observed is markedly enhanced by the administration of prostaglandin E1. Continuity has been observed between the projections and the parenchymal cells. Whether or not these morphological entities reflect a mechanism for an enhanced response to corticotropin stimulation remains uncertain. Their association with cellular autolysis or degradation appears doubtful.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350111
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  • 253
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    Ultrastructural changes in renal Glomeruli of rats during experimentally induced hypertension and uremiaThis work was supported in part by grants from USPHS GM 15289, GM 00256 and NS 07385. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 191-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Internal vascular ultrastructural detail of renal microcirculation observed by a combination of latex injection/corrosion/scanning electron microscopy techniques can be correlated with structures visible in transmission electron micrographs. Glomeruli of normal and hypertensive rats have been examined using both techniques. In the casts, indentations occur which are comparable in size, shape and frequency to nuclei of endothelial cells; and other irregular indentations may be correlated with the occurrence of platelet thrombi and endothelial cell proliferation. From these observations we conclude that ultrastructurally accurate casts of blood may be visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Such visualization offers much promise for the study of microcirculatory structures in states of disease and altered function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350207
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  • 254
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    The utility of antiserums to subunits of TSH and LH for immunochemical staining of the rat hypophysisSupported in part by NIH research grants HD-03159, C-2290 and training grant GM-00364. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 251-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective was to assess the effectiveness of antiserums to the β-subunit of bovine TSH (thyrotropin) and α- and β-subunits of LH (luteinizing hormone) for immunochemical staining of rat pituitary cells and in so doing to acquire more information about the properties of the subunits. For the following reasons it was concluded that antiserum to TSH-β is specific for demonstration of TSH-cells. The morphology and distribution of the presumptive TSH-cells so revealed conform to the descriptions presented by other investigators who have used histological techniques. When pituitary TSH content was reduced by thyroidectomy or administration of propylthiouracil or thyroxine, the stainability of TSH-cells was reduced; it was increased with elevation of TSH content during rebound after cessation of propylthiouracil treatment. The effectiveness of anti-TSH-β was lost after absorption with bovine TSH.The specificity of antiserum of LH-β for demonstration of LH-cells was indicated since the cells demonstrated with it correspond to the gonadotropic cells described by others with respect to morphology, distribution and response to gonadectomy. Antiserum to LH-α, the nonspecific subunit of LH, permitted staining of both TSH- and LH-cells. The individuality of TSH- and LH-cells, as revealed immunochemically with antiserums to the respective specific β-subunits, was demonstrated by double staining and by comparison of adjacent sections stained with one of the two antiserums.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350210
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    Primary vestibulocerebellar fibers in the monkey: Distribution of fibers arising from distinctive cell groups of the vestibular gangliaThis investigation was supported by grant NS-01538-13 from the Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 221-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a series of monkeys attempts were made to determine the distribution of primary vestibulocerebellar fibers arising from cell groups of the vestibular ganglia that innervate distinctive parts of the labyrinth. Lesions in the vestibular ganglia were produced by extradural surgical approaches in cell groups which innervate: (1) the cristae of the anterior and lateral canals, (2) the macula of the utricle, (3) the macula of the saccule, and (4) all receptor components of the labyrinth. In a control series selective lesions were produced in the cochlea and cochlear nerve. Vestibular and cochlear lesions were studied in serial sections of the petrous bones stained with Sudan black B. Degeneration in the brain stem and cerebellum was studied in sagittal and transverse sections stained by the Nauta-Gygax and Wiitanen technics.Vestibular fibers projecting to parts of the cerebellum represent ascending branches of root fibers which largely traverse the superior vestibular nucleus and enter the cerebellum via the juxtarestiform body. In the cerebellum fibers divide into medial and lateral bundles. Medial branches projecting fibers to the ipsilateral nodulus, uvula (lamina d) and lingula appear to arise from cells in all parts of the vestibular ganglia. Cells in the superior vestibular ganglion (SVG) innervating the cristae of the anterior and lateral canals project fibers to floccular folia 5 to 10; the utricular cell groups of SVG projects fibers mainly to floccular folia 5 and 6 while the saccular cell group of the inferior vestibular ganglion (IVG) projects fibers to floccular folia 3, 4, 5 and 6. Collaterals of fibers passing laterally in the peduncle of the flocculus end in ventromedial parts of the dentate nucleus.Some vestibular fibers projecting to parts of the flocculus penetrate the entire thickness of the granular layer and break up into fragments near Purkinje cells and in basal parts of the molecular layer. Such fibers appear to represent climbing fibers.Cochlear lesions produce degeneration in localized regions of the ipsilateral dentate nucleus.Cell groups of the vestibular ganglia innervating different receptor components of the labyrinth have unique areas of predominant projections in different folia of the flocculus and common regions of termination in portions of the nodulus and uvula.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350209
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    Cytochalasin-B: Effects on cytokinesis, glycogen and 3H-D-glucose incorporationStudy supported by grants frm the Muscular Dystrophy Associations of America, the American Cancer Society, teh University of Pennsylvania Plan to Develop Medical Scientists and the Public Health Service (HD000189) (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Time-lapse pictures of He La cells grown in a medium with low concentrations of Cytochalasin-B revealed that during division furrowing proceeds normally until the mid-body forms. Only then was the centripetal contraction of the furrow blocked. In time the contracted furrow relaxed, resulting in a binucleated cell. Cytochalasin-B exerted a profound depression on the level of glycogen in the cells and on the incorporation of 3H-D-glucose into glycogen, glycoprotein and mucopolysaccharides. These observations suggest that sensitivity to the drug may be due more to interference with glucose uptake and utilization than to disruption of putative contractile microfilaments in the cell cortex.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350214
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    Ultrastructural observations on mitosis in myocardial cells of the rat embryoAided by United States Public Health Service Training Grants from the National Institutes of Health, Division of General Medical Science, No. 5T01 GM00445. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cardiac tissue from rat embryos at 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, days of gestation and newborn rats were processed and studied under the electron microscope. A unique observation in the developing myocardium is detection of the simulataneous occurrence of mitosis and synthesis of muscle-specific contractile proteins (actin and myosin filaments) in the same cells. Mitotic cells containing sites of myofilaments are discernible throughout the gestational period covered in this investigation, including the myocardium of new born. Unlike skeletal muscle, in the myocardium of rat embryos the onset of fibrillogenesis is not correlated with cessation of mitotic activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350216
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    Vitality of chondrocytes in the mandibular condyle as revealed by collagen formation. An autoradiographic study with 3H-prolineSupported in part by grant DE 00163 from the National Institute of Dental Research, U.S.P.H.S. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 359-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histological and autoradiographic studies using 3H-proline indicate that cartilaginous tissue in the mandibular condyle maintains morphologic and metabolic characteristics of an embryonic type of tissue. Cartilage cells in the condyle lack the specific arrangement and cellular homogeneity characteristic of more differentiated endochondral growth sites. Through dedifferentiation many chondrocytes in the mandibular condyle appear to outlive the hypoxic conditions that are reported to prevail within the mineralizing zone. Chondrocytes in this zone reveal only a minimal amount of 3H-proline uptake in comparison with the cells in the chondroblastic and premineralizing zones. The dedifferentiated chondrocytes appear to redifferentiate into more specialized cells, possibly osteoprogenitor cells, as they reveal a significant increase in 3H-proline incorporation in the vicinity of the ossifying front. These observations on proline metabolism support the concept that calcification in the condylar cartilage is not necessarily accompanied by degeneration and death of the chondrocytes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350305
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    Sexual dimorphism of the miniature pig submandibular glandsThis study was suported in part by U. S. Public Health Service grant 5 SO1 RR05347-10. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 371-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The submandibular salivary glands of 14 Pitman-Moore miniature pigs were examined to determine whether they exhibit sexual dimorphism. Sections of the glands from seven male and seven female animals were stained by several histochemical methods. No morphological sex differences were noted in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections but differences were found with all of the histochemical methods utilized. Most noticeable was the higher concentration of sialic acid-containing mucosubstances in mucous acini of the female submandibular gland sections when they were stained with either the Alcian blue (pH 2.5), Alcian blue (pH 2.5)-periodic acid-Schiff or periodic acid-phenyl-hydrazine-Schiff methods. Unlike mucous acini, demilunes of the male submandibular gland possessed a higher concentration of sialic acid-containing mucosubstance than did those of the female. The miniature pig, unlike other animal orders studied, possesses sexual dimorphism at three weeks of age, thus differing markedly from other animals in which sexual dimorphism of the salivary glands does not occur until after the onset of puberty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350306
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    The development of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in adrenal cortical cells of fetal guinea pigs (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 381-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In most steroid-secreting cells smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum is prominent. This organelle is a site of major enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis. In fetal guinea pig adrenal cortical cells the development of tubular smooth-surfaced reticulum precedes all other apparent morphological changes at the cellular level, serving as the earliest indicator of structural differentiation. Its appearance coincides with the earliest evidence of steroid production by the adrenals (Ortiz et al., 1966). Further development and differentiation of this organelle in inner cortical cells gives rise to complex paracrystalline arrays. Subsequent segregation of cells containing these arrays to the deeper cortical regions, the deep zona fasiculata and zona reticularis, heralds the histological zonation of the cortex into three definitive regions. In the outer cortical cells of the developing zona glomerulosa, cisternal reticulum becomes prominent and in late fetal life large areas of the cisternal membranes become smooth-surfaced. Combined with information from bioassay experiments of Price and coworkers (Ortiz et al., 1966) the early appearance of the smooth reticulum supports the thesis that the adrenal is capable of steroid biosynthesis early in fetal development, before zonation of the cortex occurs.As the endoplasmic reticulum develops, polyribosomes become widely spaced on its surface. They may be involved in the synthesis and maintenance of the expanding smooth-surfaced reticulum and its associated steroidogenic enzymes, analogous to the development of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and associated enzymes in rat hepatocytes (Dallner et al., 1966a,b).The gradual confinement of cells containing paracrystalline arrays of smooth reticulum to the deep cortical zones implies functional significance for this compartmentalized form of endoplasmic reticulum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350307
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  • 261
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    The distribution of negative surface charges on mammalian spermatozoa (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 497-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relative density and distribution of acidic negative residues on the plasma membranes of spermatozoa of seven mammalian species were studied using a colloidal iron hydroxide (CIH) labeling technique. The surface distribution of negative residues is discontinuous on mature spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis or on ejaculated spermatozoa of the rabbit, mongoose, rat, guinea pig and hamster. Tail regions are generally more densely labeled with CIH than head regions, indicating that sperm tails have more acidic negative charges than heads. In these species, the density of the negative surface charge is rather uniform within a particular segment of the spermatozoa and abruptly changes at the junctions to morphologically distinct segments, suggesting that the biochemical properties of the plasma membrane also change at these junctions. In bull (cauda epididymal) and human (ejaculated) spermatozoa, the entire surfaces of spermatozoa are densely labeled with CIH. Comparison of testicular, caput and cauda epididymal spermatozoa of rabbit, bull and hamster suggests that the negative surface charges of spermatozoa increase with epididymal maturation of spermatozoa. A possible chemical nature of the residue(s) has been suggested from neuraminidase digestion and methylation experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350405
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    Relationship between the cell cycle and cell localization in crypts of the guinea-pig ascending colon (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 537-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Guinea-pigs were injected with either 3H-thymidine or colchicine and killed at various time intervals after the injections. Duration of the over-all cell cycle and of the G1, S and G2 phases was determined with autoradiography for cells in the short, medium and long crypts of the colon as well as for the lower, middle and upper segments of the crypt.The duration of mitosis estimated with the colchicine method increased from the mouth of the crypt downward to the bottom, from about one to three hours. The cells located in the crypt between the mouth and approximately the twentieth cell position have a cell cycle of about 15 hours whereas those located in the crypt section between the twentieth cell position and the bottom have a cell cycle of about 25 hours. This difference is due mainly to a change in the G1 phase. The results of planimetry for the first and second waves of labeled mitoses suggest that in the lower segment of medium and long crypts, cells in the G0 phase occur. It is concluded that the factor(s) controlling cell cycle duration in the colon crypt appears either at the crypt mouth or nearby.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350407
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    Scanning electron microscopy of the lateral ventricles of sheepSupported by USPHS Grant NS-08171. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 561-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The lateral ventricles and choroid plexuses of an adult and near-term sheep fetus were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The predominant surface structure of the ependymal cells were cilia arranged in clumps with evidence of metachronic activity. Topographical variations of the ependymal surface are described and discussed according to their role in transport of cerebrospinal fluid and their relation to underlying nervous tissue.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350409
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    Ultrastructural studies of transmural migration of blood cells in the bone marrow of rats, mice and guinea pigsThis investigation was supported by U. S. Public Health Service grant 5 R01 AM 11784-05 through the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 521-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of bone marrow of rats, mice and guinea pigs was studied after fixation by vascular perfusion. Serial sections were examined to determine the structure and site of pores in lining cells. It was concluded that pores are transient structures occurring only in conjunction with migrating blood cells. These pores occur within lining cells and most frequently near junctions of contiguous lining cells. Microfilaments in lining and adventitial cells are described and their possible roles discussed.
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    Light and electron microscopic observations on the morphogenesis of the chorioallantoic placenta of the golden hamster (Cricetus auratus). Days seven through nine of gestationSupported by NIH Research grants 5-R01 HD02616 and 1-R01 ES00697 and by Career Development Award 1-K04 HD20871. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 445-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the mature placental labyrinth of common myomorph rodents (rat, mouse and hamster) fetal capillaries are separated from maternal blood spaces by trabeculae composed of three distinct cytoplasmic layers. To resolve the controversy regarding the embryonic origin(s) of these layers a correlated light and electron microscopic study was made of the developing placental tissues of the golden hamster during the eighth and ninth days of gestation, the critical period of labyrinth morphogenesis in this species. It was determined that the syncytial inner layer (layer III) of the trabeculae, the layer bordering the fetal capillaries, is derived from the “true” chorionic ectoderm which fuses with the undersurface of the Träger (ectoplacental cone) early on the eighth day of gestation. Both the syncytial middle layer (layer II) and the cellular outer layer (layerI) of the trabeculae, on the other hand, were found to differentiate from the trophoblastic cells of the Träger. Allantoic mesenchyme, which approximates the fused chorionic-Träger tissues late on day eight and is the source of the fetal capillaries and mesenchyme of the labyrinth, was noted to exert a critical inductive effect on the morphogenesis of syncytial layers II and III. On the basis of fine structure, the developing labyrinth appears not to be a major site for maternal-fetal transfer of macromolecules nor to be involved to a significant degree in the production of proteins or steroids for secretion.
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    Effects of embryonic overgrowth on the avian optic tectumSupported by research grant HD04820-02 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, USPHS. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 549-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of embryonic overgrowth on the avian optic tectum were determined during late developmental stages in 121 chick embryos in which overgrowth was induced surgically. The embryos ranged in incubation age from seven days through 21 days and showed a variety of gross brain defects, including fused optic lobes, fusion of one or both optic lobes with a cerebral hemisphere or with the cerebellum, absence or reduction of one optic lobe, convolutions of the tectal wall, and hydrocephalus. At seven days to 11 days of incubation, histological defects of the tectum included irregularities in the migration patterns of neuroblasts and abnormal stratification among the migrated neuroblasts. The most severe defects in the 12-day through 21-day tectum were in the stratification of the outer region which corresponds to the adult stratum griseum and fibrosum superficiale, whereas deeper areas of the tectum underwent relatively normal histodifferentiation. Epithelial rosettes were common until the sixteenth day, after which they disappeared almost entirely except for a few occasional ones near the ventricular zone. Preliminary behavioral observations of the defective embryos revealed random motility similar to that in the control embryos, but a failure to achieve the proper hatching position. Of 61 operated embryos maintained until hatching, only one was capable of emerging from the shell.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350408
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    Wallerian degeneration: A reevaluation based on transected and colchicine-poisoned nerves in the amphibian, TriturusSupported by grants of the Multiple Sclerosis Society, the American Cancer Society and the National Institutes of Health. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 51-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sequence of degeneration in colchicine-poisoned or in transected peripheral nerve fibers is reported. The results lead us to conclude that the Schwann cell is the predominant agent of axon and myelin destruction. The Schwann cytoplasm burgeons, swells the Schmidt-Lanterman clefts and the adaxonal layer of cytoplasm, and invades the electron-dense bands of myelin. The axolemma and adaxonal membranes are eroded and Schwann organelles invade the axoplasm commingling with those of the axon to form a peripheral “reactive zone.” The reactive zone of organelles surrounds a core of compacted neurofilaments which may persist for days. Eventually the entire contents, commingled organelles and neurofilaments, are destroyed. The myelin sheath is destroyed without being separated from its Schwann cell of origin.
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    Regional differentiation in the heads of spermatozoa of rabbit, man and bullSupported by grant HD-03416 and AM-06705 from the U.S.P.H.S. This work constituted a portion of the dissertation of Robert J. Teichman submitted to the Graduate Division of Wayne State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 165-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The heads of the spermatozoa of rabbit, man, and bull are flattened in the dorsoventral plane and exhibit three distinct regions in the head coverings. The anterior one-half to two-thirds of the nucleus is covered by the acrosome, the middle of the nucleus by the thinned equatorial segment of the acrosome and the remainder of the head is covered by the postacrosomal segment. Species variation is evident in the head coverings; most prominent are the equatorial bands of the rabbit spermatozoon. The bands are subacrosomal bulges curving around the head; the arms of each band are displaced in the anteroposterior axis and do not cross the midline axis. The equatorial bands are visible in scanning electron micrographs, which also show a serrated junction between the equatorial segment and the postacrosomal region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330204
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330301
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    The secretory granules of the acinar cells of the mouse submaxillary glandThis investigation was supported in part by grant AI 09109 and AM 13112 from the United States Public Health Service, and by grant E105 from the American Cancer Society. P.K.N. is an awardee of U. S. Public Health Service Research Career Development Award GM 46228. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 259-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Absence of membranes from the secretion granules of the acinar cells of the submaxillary gland of the mouse had led to speculation concerning mechanisms of secretion of these cells. By means of rapid perfusion fixation, smooth membranes have been identified around the secretion granules, and the mode of secretion proves to be similar to that of the other exocrine glands. The evidence suggests that potent membranolytic agents of unknown nature, capable of rapidly destroying the membranes are present in these secretory granules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330303
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    Hepatic ultrastructure in two species of normal, fasted and gravid teleost fishes (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 317-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopic examination of the livers of two teleost fishes, the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) and the mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), indicates that they are morphologically similar to each other in most aspects but different in several ways from other teleosts which have been described. The perisinusoidal space of Disse is greatly reduced in relation to other vertebrates, and is represented by plasmalemmal folds in the hepatocytes apposed to the sinusoidal endothelium. There are desmosomal connections between hepatocytes and those mesothelial cells adjacent to the pancreas. Other characteristics include lack of basement laminae throughout and accumulations of fine filaments within the hepatocytes parallel to the extracellular canaliculi. Intracellular canaliculi are incompletely surrounded by such filaments.In fish which have been starved, or in gravid females, an expected loss of glycogen is accompanied by a concentration of rough endoplasmic reticulum and elongation of mitochondria, which in starved fish may be pleomorphic. In either condition, the liver undergoes severe atrophy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330306
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    The fine structure of the pia mater of the ratThis study was supported by grant NS 09363, United States Public Health Service. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 349-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tissue from the central nervous system of 11 adult Sprague-Dawley rats fixed by vascular perfusion with buffered aldehydes was used in a study of the fine structure of the pia mater. Surface tissue from the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, ventral pons, olfactory bulb, tuber cinereum, spinal cord, superior colliculus, optic chiasm, and median longitudinal fissure was examined. Variations in pial composition occurred within each of these selected areas although a basic pattern prevailed throughout.The components of the pia mater are described under three categories: pial cells, extracellular elements, and macrophages. The pial cells are the more numerous cell type, possessing long, flattened cytoplasmic processes which contain few inclusions. These cells vary in thickness in any one area and there may be from one to six distinct cytoplasmic layers. Fenestrations between pial cell processes or total absence of pial cells are occasionally encountered. Unit collagen fibrils make up most of the extracellular material of the pia. These have a major period of about 550 Å and are about 400 Å wide. Macrophages are rounded up and contain various cytoplasmic inclusions. In normal animals evidence of active phagocytosis is rare.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330309
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  • 273
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330401
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    Influence of starvation and refeeding on mucosal size and epithelial renewal in the rat small intestine (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 391-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adult male rats were fasted for 0 (controls), three, five and seven days; a group was refed for one day after six days of starvation. Histological samples were taken from five regions along the length of the small intestine. The sizes of the villi, crypts and mitotic pool were estimated by measuring the number of epithelial cells per villus and crypt section and the number of mitotic figures per crypt section. Additional studies were carried out using colchicine for estimating mitotic time and methotrexate for inhibiting mitosis.All three parameters decreased progressively during starvation; the decrease in villus size was most pronounced in the duodenum and gradually less distalward. Refeeding increased the mitotic pool in every region; crypt size did not increase and villus size increased slightly in duodenum and jejunum only. When refeeding was combined with mitotic inhibition, the cell population of the crypts became depleted by 30-40% without change in villus size; thus, renewal appeared to continue by crypt cells migrating to the villi.Mitosis in the crypts is used for epithelial renewal in the adult intestine. The calculated turnover time of the epithelium was longer than normal and similar in every stage of starvation. Refeeding appeared to stimulate renewal. Since villus size changed somewhat independently from mitotic activity, the involvement of a separate mechanism controlling villus size was indicated.
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    A fine structural study of divalent cation-mediated epithelial union with connective tissue in human oral mucosa (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 431-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Following incubation in an isotonic saline solution containing 20 mM EDTA, human oral mucosa may be separated into its epithelial and connective tissue components. Ultrastructural study of the separated tissues reveals that the plane of separation is through the lamina lucida. Hemidesmosomal structure is altered by the separation process: the peripheral density is absent but a fine, generally filamentous material remains associated with the outer membrane leaflet of the hemidesmosome. Desmosome structure is not altered. An intact lamina densa remains attached to the connective tissue fragment. Oral mucosa incubated in EDTA-saline containing calcium, or its return to a divalent cation-supplemented medium after treatment with EDTA, prevents separation. By maintaining the structural integrity of the hemidesmosome, divalent cations appear to play a principal role in uniting oral mucosal epithelium to the lamina propria.
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    Cellular modification of interrenal tissue induced by corticoid therapy and stress in three avian species (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 483-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Corticotropic regulation of the interrenal tissue was explored in three avian species (quail, parakeet and myna) by application of dexamethasone therapy and stress. In response to corticoid administration, atrophy of all cortical layers from periphery to center was pronounced and no regional differences could be detected by histology and histometric analysis. Following exposure to acute formalin stress at the termination of chronic corticoid therapy, the interrenal tissue regularly responded by hypertrophy in all three types of birds. The absence of zonation in experimental atrophy in these species merits consideration in view of the zonal response observed in other avian species. The prompt response of the atrophic interrenal gland to stress indicates that the hypothalamo-hypophyseal regulation of the interrenal gland is qualitatively different from mammals.
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    Intracellular channels as a route for protein passage in the capillary endothelium of the shark brain (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 41-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Capillaries in the area postrema and other brain regions at the level of the obex were examined in Japanese sharks under the electron microscope with or without intravascular injection of horse-radish peroxidase and histochemical incubation. The postremal capillaries were characterized by a relatively wide perivascular space filled with connective tissue elements including fine fibrils about 100 Å in diameter, and by endothelial fenestration; however, the space and fenestration were apparently less extensive than in rats and cats (Hashimoto, '66; Rivera-Pomar, '66; Hashimoto and Hama, '68). In other brain regions, the capillary endothelium showed peroxidase-filled intracellular channels that connected the luminal surface with the basement membrane soon after peroxidase injection. Many of the adjoining endothelial cells were linked by tight junctions. Perivascular astrocytic processes had long, tight contacts of about 125 Å in overall thickness. Discussion was focused on a possible endothelial route for passage of so-called barrier-free substances in the central nervous system of higher vertebrates.
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    Regional differences in postweaning growth by choroid plexuses as affected by dietary salt deficienciesThis research was supported by grants NS-06296 and HD-04103 from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, and by a research professorship from the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A diet low in K and Na given to postweaning rats of the Berkeley S1 strain led in two experiments to a greater than normal relative weight of the choroid plexus of ventricle IV (= C.P. IV) to weight of the whole brain in both sexes. This effect did not occur in the choroid plexuses of ventricles I + II (= C.P. I + II) and III (= C.P. III), which were lower than normal in absolute weights and unchanged in ratios with whole brain weights after the low K and Na diet. Quantitative microscopic tissue analyses of the choroid plexuses following one of the experiments failed to demonstrate significant differences in relative tissue composition or cellular structure after this diet. Other evidence, and data on normal postnatal growth of choroid plexuses, suggests that the unequal apparent responses of the different choroid plexus regions to the diet are related to differences in their durations and rates of growth after weaning rather than to a necessarily specific cellular response in the choroid plexus of ventricle IV to internal consequences of dietary restriction in K and Na.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340106
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    Comparative studies on the proteolysis of fixed gelatin membranes by mammalian sperm acrosomesSupported by USPHS grant HD-03752 from the National Institutes of Health and by Contract 70-2141 (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 133-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The acrosomes of mammalian spermatozoa contain a proteolytic enzyme which may be of importance for fertilization. The release and activity of the enzyme can be visualized directly when the spermatozoa are applied to fixed gelatin membranes. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of enzyme release from the spermatozoa of a variety of mammalian species. Thin, transparent membranes of pure gelatin were prepared on microscope slides and fixed in glutaraldehyde. Spermatozoa were applied to the membranes and their proteolytic behavior observed under dark-medium phase objectives at 37°C. In all the species examined (rabbit, bull, hamster, rat, guinea pig and man) extensive depolymerization of the gelatin substrate occurred around the sperm heads. With the exception of human spermatozoa, the onset of proteolysis was clearly identified with the posterior half of the acrosome. In the case of human spermatozoa, no such distinction could be made. It is suggested that the proteolytic enzyme of most mammalian spermatozoa is located in the posterior segment of the acrosome.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340202
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    The pituitary gland of the musk shrew, Suncus murinus L. (insectivora), with special reference to the cytology of the adenohypophysis (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 145-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pituitary gland of the musk shrew, Suncus murinus L. was studied with special reference to the cytology of the adenohypophysis. In addition to the agranular cells (chromophobes), seven morphologically and tinctorially distinct chromophilic cell types (four mucoid and three acidophilic) were observed in the pars anterior. These cells have been tentatively named as types one to seven. On the basis of their morphology, topography and staining reactions, cells of types one to six were compared, respectively, with the TSH, FSH, ICSH (LH), LTH (prolactin), STH and ACTH cells of other mammals. The identity of type 7 cells could not be determined. Although mucoid cells (types 1, 2) are more concentrated in the rostroventral region of the pars anterior, a definite “zona tuberalis” seems to be lacking.Since the musk shrew is not a seasonal breeder, the gonadotropic cells (types 2, 3) of the adenohypophysis do not seem to fluctuate in structure during the different times of the year. However, conspicuous hypertrophy, hyperplasia and intense secretory activity of type 4 cells during pregnancy and lactation reinforces the postulation that these cells are lactotropic in function.Follicular cysts and colloid in the residual cleft were observed in a few instances. Their possible origin and significance are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340203
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    The development of capillaries in the villi of early human placentasThis investigation was aided, in part, by grants GM-15289 and NS-07385 from the National Institutes of Health and from the Association for the Aid of Crippled Children. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 221-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopic examinations have been made on 32 early human placentas, seven of which ranged from 7 to 11 weeks menstrual age. In avascular villi, well developed basal laminae separate the trophoblast from their connective tissue cores. At such stages, only undifferentiated mesenchymal cells occur in the stroma. Vessels develop by attachment of two or more of the mesenchymal cells to each other by localized desmosomal contacts, thus forming a real or potential capillary lumen between their apposed plasma membranes. Other mesenchymal cells approach these primitive tubes, enclasp them as pericytes, and thrust processes between adjacent endothelial cells at their attachment points. The capillary enlarges, therefore, by incorporation of mesenchymal pericytes between adjacent endothelia. Mitoses occur in the pericytes but not in early endothelial cells. Hofbauer cells differentiate in the stroma concomitantly with the appearance of capillaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340207
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340301
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    Light and electron microscopic radioautography of glucose-6-H3 incorporation in the retina of the adult newt, Triturus viridescens dorsalisThis work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Canada and the E. A. Baker Foundation for the Prevention of Blindness. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 401-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tritiated glucose was administered to fasted newts to study glucose incorporation in the retina and particularly the photoreceptor cells. Incorporation of glucose into glycogen throughout the retina commenced at 30 minutes after injection. The first silver grain concentrations were observed over the photoreceptor myoid at two hours. Incorporation of glucose into glycogen reached a maximum at six hours with grains concentrated over photoreceptor paraboloids, the apices of Müller cells and the inner and outer plexiform layers. By 24 hours there was a reduction of the label in glycogen but silver grains were now visible over mitochondria in the photoreceptor ellipsoids and in increased amounts in the outer and inner plexiform layers and the nerve fiber layer. After three weeks, most radioactive material was observed over the photoreceptor cell outer segments. These results suggest that glycogen is added at the inner aspect of the photoreceptor paraboloid and then moves outward in a scleral direction, where it is metabolized by the ellipsoidal mitochondria.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330404
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    A fine structural study of the highly active thyroid follicular cell of the African basenji dog (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 463-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The highly active thyroid gland of the basenji dog has been studied. The follicular cell of the basenji thyroid is unusual in that colloid droplets may be found in the apical cytoplasm of normal cells. Their appearance does not require administration of exogenous thyrotrophin. The colloid droplets appear to have been taken in by invagination of the apical plasma membrane forming a small bay at the cell-colloid interface. Apparent fusion of adjacent plasma membranes subsequently eliminates the mouth of the bay, completing endocytosis of the droplet. Basenji follicular cells are also distinguished by a dense accumulation of two varieties of lysosomes, basal associations of lip d droplets and mitochondria with unusual cristae and specialized junctions between cells of adjacent follicles. It is suggested that these unique structural modifications reflect adaptations for the perpetually active state of the basenji thyroid.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330408
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    A comparison of freeze-substitution with other methods for preservation of the pulmonary alveolar lining layerSupported by USPHS Research grant HE-12650-03. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 133 (1972), S. 495-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rapid freezing of expanded lungs and freeze-substitution in acetone containing OsO4 partially preserved the pulmonary alveolar lining layer for electron microscopy. The lining layer consisted of granular or flocculent material with a surface film at its interface with the air. It filled the spaces between protruding capillaries and other depressions in the alveolar wall. It is unlikely that this lining material is an artifact resulting from transfer of fluid during freezing because similar results were obtained after fixation by vascular perfusion and by immersion of the intact, air-filled lung in aqueous fixatives containing glutaraldehyde.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001330410
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    Editorial (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340102
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    Retinal damage after prolonged exposure to visible light. A light and electron microscopic studySupported by grants HD 04102 and EY 00595 from the USPHS, Research Scientist Award MH 16077 from the National Institute of Mental Health, and the McCandless Fund of Emory University. We gratefully acknowledge research assistance from Mr. Robert B. Lytle and Mrs. Sally Ware. Publication no. 1031, Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Health Sciences, Emory University. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 5-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Albino rats were exposed to fluorescent illumination for four to six months at an intensity which would not cause photocoagulation of the retina. Electron and light microscopic studies indicated that the retinas of these animals were irreversibly damaged and that the degeneration was specifically localized to the photoreceptor cells. Photoreceptors were not found in any of these retinas. Prolonged exposure to low intensity, visible light had no apparent effect on the bipolar neurons and ganglion cells or on their interconnections in the inner plexiform layer. Pigment epithelial cells survived the exposure and were unchanged except for extreme compaction of the apical villous processes in the retinal zone where the photoreceptors were located prior to their destruction. In some degenerated retinas the bipolar neurons were displaced along blood vessels extending from the inner ganglion cell layer to the outer retinal layers. Some of these blood vessels apparently formed anastomoses between the central retinal circulation and the choriocapillaries. The outer Müller cell processes, which contained numerous lamellated and tubular structures, expanded to cover the area adjacent to the pigment epithelium and to form an outer limiting membrane, which was displaced in position in comparison with a normal retina.
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    Simultaneous demonstration of catecholamines and acetylcholinesterase in peripheral autonomic nervesSupported by N.I.H. grant HE5R01-13616-02. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Certain primary catecholamines remain well localized during brief fixation with cold, buffered formalin. In the present study, the diffusibility of catecholamines was further explored, using guinea-pigs and cats pretreated with Nialamide and norepinephrine. Preliminary experiments showed that catecholamines were well localized after perfusion fixation with buffered formalin. Furthermore, catecholamines remained in situ in tissues immersed in cold fixative or phosphate buffer for as long as six hours. It seemed, therefore, that catecholamines might remain localized in fixed tissue, during incubation for acetylcholinesterase. To test this hypothesis, formaldehyde-fixed, cryostat sections were incubated in a cold thiocholine medium for two to four hours to demonstrate acetylcholinesterase activity. They were then exposed to formaldehyde gas to demonstrate catecholamines. Acetylcholinesterase-positive and catecholaminecontaining nerve fibers were identified simultaneously in the same section under mixed ultraviolet and red light. When a dark-field condenser was used, adrenergic nerves appeared green and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves red on a black background. We were able to demonstrate adrenergic presynaptic terminals on cholinergic myenteric ganglion cells and acetylcholinesterase-positive terminals close to cardiac chromaffin cells. We also have observed contiguities between peripheral adrenergic and cholinesterase-positive nerves.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350104
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    Placental iron transfer: Relationship to placental anatomy and phylogeny of the mammalsThis work was supported by USPHS grant 5R01AM11376-10 and contract 69-2136 from National Institutes of Health. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 263-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Serum iron transfer from mother to fetus was measured in near-term pregnant females from 16 species representing 15 families and 7 orders of eutherian mammals. The amount of transfer at 2 hr was 5% or greater in species with hemochorial placentation and less than 0.1% at 3 hr in species with epitheliochorial or endotheliochorial placentation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340209
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    Early responses of testicular interstitial cells to stimulation by interstitial-cell-stimulating hormoneSupported partially by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina; from the Rockefeller Foundation, New York; and from The Population Council Inc., New York. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 239-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of testicular interstitial cells from mice submitted to different experimental conditions is described. Following treatment with methallibure (I.C.I. 33,828; 1-α-methylallylthiocarbamoyl-2-methylthiocarbamoylhydrazine), a selective inhibitor of hypophyseal gonadotropic activity, interstitial cells acquire a quiescent appearance characterized by: (1) accentuated segregation of agranular endoplasmic reticulum from other cytoplasmic organelles and inclusions, (2) increased depots of lipid droplets. A single injection of interstitial-cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH or LH) induces prominent changes in the ultrastructure and distribution of cell inclusions and organelles that are seemingly related to augmented secretory activity. The cell surface shows a striking development of cytoplasmic processes that interdigitate with similar processes from adjacent cells. Intercellular spaces form a system of interfacial channels providing a direct connection of the interstitial cell surface with blood vessels and the myoid layer of seminiferous tubules. Gonadotropic stimulation causes an increased number of free ribosomes and expansion of the Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum. There is a marked depletion of lipid droplets and formation of lipofuscin granules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340208
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    The initial appearance of ossification in staged human embryosSupported in part by National Institutes of Health General Research Support grant, School of Medicine, Wayne State University. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 291-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Serial sections of 36 embryos aged six to eight postovulatory weeks (12 to 31 mm C. R. length) were examined. The clavicle and the mandible began to ossify during stage 18, 19, or 20, the clavicle (at least frequently) by means of two centers. The maxilla followed rapidly (stages 19, 20). The premaxilla was in continuity with the maxilla proper, either as a mesenchymal condensation or as an ossific area (stages 20, 21). The next elements to commence ossification were the humerus (stages 21, 22), the radius (stages 21, 23), and the femur, tibia, and ulna (stages 22, 23). By stage 23 the following were also undergoing ossification in at least some cases: interparietal, supra-occipital, anterior process of the malleus, the squamous temporal, palatine, medial pterygoid plate, zygomatic, frontal, vomer, scapula, and distal phalanges of the hand. Cellular invasion was found in the clavicle and in the bone collars of the radius, ulna, and femur at eight postovulatory weeks. The cartilages of the first pharyngeal arches (chondrifying at stages 18, 19) approached the median plane (stage 20) but did not fuse in the embryonic period proper; their cartilaginous tissue underwent localized hypertrophy by stage 23, but endochondral ossification did not occur until the fetal period.
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    Serum triiodothyronine concentration in the iodine-deficient rat (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 187-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A low iodine diet fed to rats resulted in decreased absolute amounts of circulating triiodothyronine and protein-bound iodine (PBI), but an increase in the triiodothyronine: protein-bound iodine ratio. Since baseline protein-bound iodine values were high, it is possible the “normal” diet fed was in fact a high iodine one. In this event, the fall in protein-bound iodine with the low iodine diet would be greater than that in thyroxine concentration. The relative increase in triiodothyronine compared to PBI concentration with the low iodine diet could result from preforential synthesis and secretion of triiodothyronine by the iodine-deficient thyroid; or could be due to accelerated removal of thyroxine due to increased peripheral utilization. Either change could keep body metabolism normal or nearly so over an extended period of iodine want.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350206
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    Longevity of male and female, intact and gonadectomized, untrected and hormone-treated, neoplastic and non-neoplastic syrian hamstersThis work was supported by Public Health Service Research grant CA-04516 from the National Cancer Institute. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 205-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two thousand four hundred and fifty-six male and 1432 female Syrian hamsters, dying spontaneously at different ages, are arranged in age at death increments of 100 days. These are arranged further into groups of intact male, female, orchiectomized and ovariectomized animals; animals with and without benign or malignant tumors; animals treated with androgen, estrogen or both; animals with or without various hormonal imbalances; solitary and grouped animals; and virgins and breeders. The age at death incidences of each sex are plotted in graphs. Although longevity is decreased by gonadectomy and by neoplasia, the same sex differential is evident in each group, with males showing a distinct and consistent tendency to outlive females. Results are expressed in absolute numbers and in percentages. The data provide strong evidence supporting the frequently published suggestion that the Syrian hamster may be remarkable among mammals in that males tend to outlive females.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350208
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    The demonstration of cilia in canine macula densa cellsThis investigation was supported by funds from Faculty Research Grant 360208, Kidney Foundation of Michigan and NIH Grant 082020. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although the presence of cilia in mammalian epithelia is common, the finding of cilia in the macula densa cell of the kidney has never been reported. In this paper are reported electron microscopic observations of cilia in canine macula densa cells. The cilia observed have the classic 9+2 configuration. The centriole, basal body, foot process, ciliary rootlet and the substructure of the latter also were observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350212
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    Inhibitory effect of hysterectomy on compensatory ovulation in the unilaterally ovariectomized rat (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 299-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cyclic rats were hysterectomized and unilaterally ovariectomized during random stages of the cycle or on day 2 (metestrus) and killed in metestrus after one or two complete estrous cycles. Control (intact and unilaterally ovariectomized) rats were also killed at this time.Counts of tubal ova revealed that intact rats ovulated an average of 4.9 eggs per ovary (N-5). Following only unilateral ovariectomy, compensatory ovulation (10.1 eggs per ovary) occurred in all rats (N-6). However, when both hemicastration and hysterectomy were performed, only 6.5 eggs were shed (N-19). The findings suggest an inhibitory effect of hysterectomy on compensatory ovulation in the unilaterally ovariectomized rat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350215
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350301
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    The permeability of the guinea pig parietal yolk sac placenta to peroxidase and ferritin (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 365-375 
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    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The permeability of the guinea pig parietal yolk sac placenta late in gestation was investigated by means of electron microscopy using the tracer proteins ferritin and peroxidase. The parietal yolk sac consists of a layer of trophoblast, a thick extracellular lamina (Reichert's membrane) and a layer of endoderm. After injection into the maternal vascular system, the proteins crossed the trophoblast by means of small pinocytotic vesicles. Both proteins readily permeated Reichert's membrane and then moved by an intercellular pathway between endoderm cells to reach the uterine lumen. After injection of ferritin into the uterine lumen, the protein was observed between endoderm cells and throughout Reichert's membrane. Presumably the marked permeability of the endodermal epithelium to the tracer molecules is due to the absence of zonulae occludentes around the endoderm cells. Parietal endoderm cells exhibited limited pinocytotic activity regardless of the site of injection. The results indicate that the parietal yolk sac placenta of the guinea pig is permeable to relatively large molecules and therefore it may be an important pathway in overall maternal-fetal exchange in this species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340307
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    The cellular origins of corticotropin and melanotropin as revealed by immunochemical stainingSupported in part by NIH grant HD-03159-04. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 395-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cellular origins of corticotropin and melanotropin were studied by observing the response of the rat hypophysis to adrenalectomy and cortisol administration when stained immunochemically with peroxidase-labeled antibody following application of antiserums to β1-24-corticotropin, βP17-39-corticotropin, human β-melanotropin, and α-melanotropin. The presence of corticotropin in the pars intermedia is indicated since this lobe, in addition to corticotropic cells of the pars distalis, stained with antiserum to βP17-39-corticotropin. However, the concentration of corticotropin is less in the pars intermedia than in corticotropic cells since at higher dilutions of antiserum the latter cells stained intensely while the pars intermedia was unstained. Also, corticotropic cells exhibited striking hypertrophy after adrenalectomy and regression after cortisol administration, while morphological and tinctorial properties of the pars intermedia were minimally altered. These observations suggest that the pars distalis is primarily responsible for supplying the corticotropin required to meet the changing requirements of the body.With antiserum to human β-melanotropin, the pars intermedia stained intensely. Since the antiserum was ineffective after absorption the staining reaction appears to be specific for β-melanotropin. Except for a rare cell, the pars distalis did not stain. Thus β-melanotropin is restricted primarily to the pars intermedia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340402
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    An ultrastructural study of the natural secretory cycle of the parathyroid gland of the bat (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 134 (1972), S. 459-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cyclical ultrastructural changes in chief cells of the bat parathyroid during hibernation are described. The morphology indicates that the cells increase in activity at the start of hibernation and decrease in activity at the end. During early hibernation, the main alterations are an increase in granular endoplasmic reticulum, an increase in the number of prosecretory granules associated with the Golgi apparatus, an increase in the number of mature secretory granules, and the appearance of numerous, large cytoplasmic lipid droplets. An unusual finding is that the lipid droplets are preferentially associated with mitochondria and glycogen deposits. At this time there is also an increase in the size of intercellular spaces and the concentration of secretory granules near the plasma membrane. By late hibernation, however, there is a marked reduction in the amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum, fewer mitochondria, inconspicuous Golgi apparatuses, and a reduction in the size of intercellular spaces. In addition, lipid droplets are absent. These observations are discussed in relation to the cyclic secretory changes which occur in bat parafollicular cells and in bone during hibernation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001340405
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    Steroid-protein interactions. XXV. Binding of progesterone and cortisol in pregnancy sera; progesterone-binding globulin and uterine cytosol receptor in the pregnant guinea pigFor the preceding publication in this series see Ryan and Westphal (1972). This work was supported by an NDEA Fellowship grant (DTM) No. 69-01275.1, by a grant from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (AM-06369), and a Research Career Award (U.W.) from the Division of General Medical Sciences (GM-K6-14, 138) of the U. S. Public Health Service. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 135 (1972), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The question of the identity of the high-affinity binding sites for progesterone with those of the corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) was investigated in pregnancy serum of man, rabbit, rat and mouse. Chromatographic techniques failed to separate a potential progesterone-binding macromolecule from CBG in any of the sera. Competition studies with enriched fractions containing added [3H] progesterone and [14C] cortisol strongly bound to protein showed displacement of [3H] progesterone by an excess of unlabeled cortisol, and vice versa. It is concluded that CBG is the principal progesterone binder in the pregnancy sera investigated and that no other protein with high affinity for progesterone is present in significant quantity.In contrast, the progesterone-binding globulin (PBG) in the serum of the pregnant guinea pig is distinct from CBG and has been separated from it. The PBG differed from the uterine cytosol receptor for progesterone in its sedimentation coefficient (sucrose gradient centrifugation) and its molecular size (gel filtration). With both the uterine receptor and PBG, norethynodrel displaced radiolabeled progesterone from the specific binding sites. This is in contrast to analogous binding systems involving other steroid hormones and other species, where the synthetic hormonal agent interacts strongly with the receptor protein of the target tissue, but not with the high-affinity binder in the serum.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001350205
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