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  • 2020-2023
  • 1980-1984  (1.124)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1890-1899
  • 1980  (1.124)
  • Organic Chemistry  (669)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (333)
  • Ultrastructure  (122)
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2020-2023
  • 1980-1984  (1.124)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1890-1899
Jahr
  • 101
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Structural Dynamics of Pentadienyl Metal-Compounds Bearing a Terminal Alkyl Substituent: Both ‘Stereoselective’ and ‘Stereodefensive’ Synthesis of a Natural Perfume.The (2Z, 4E)-, (2E, 4Z)- and (2E, 4E)-isomers of 2,4-decadien-1-ol (5) have been obtained with high and predictable stereochemical homogeneity starting from both (Z)- and (E)-1, 4-decadiene. These hydrocarbons were hydroxylated in a reaction sequence consisting of metallation (by means of s-butyllithium or butyllithium/potassium-t-butoxide, giving rise to organometallic intermediates of specific conformation), dimethoxyborylation and oxidation. The different decadienols as well as (2E, 4Z)-2, 4-undecadien-1-ol were converted into the isovalerates, the ester derived from (2E, 4Z)-2, 4-decadien-1-ol being a natural flavor component.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 102
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Chemical transformation of tricyclo [3.3.0.02,8]octan-3-one (1) have been carried out in order to explore its potential utility as a versatile synthon for polycyclopentanoid terpenes and prostacyclin analogs. Various functionalizations of rings A and B and annulation of a third ring C were achieved in generally high yields. The system provides for a large measure of regio- and stereoselective reaction control.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 103
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Replacement of lithium or magnesium by titanium can furnish nucleophilic organometallic reagents of high selectivity as exemplified by the title compound 1 (see Tables 1-3).
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 104
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Nucleosides and Nucleotide. Part 15. Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleoside Monophosphates and Triphosphates with 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2(1H)-Pyridinone and 4-Amino-2(1H)-pyridinone as the BasesThe phosphorylation of the modified nucleosides 1-(2′-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-2(1 H)-pyrimidinone (Md, 4), 4-amino-1-(2′-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-2(1 H)-pyridinone (Zd, 6) and the synthesis of 1-2′-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1 H)-pyrimidinone-5′-O-triphosphate (pppMd, 1), 1-(2′-deoxy-β-Dribofuranosyl)-2(1 H)-pyridinone-5′-O-triphosphate (pppIId, 2), and 4-amino-1-(2′-deoxy-βD-ribofuranosyl)-2(1 H)-pyridinone-5′-O-triphosphate (pppZd, 3) are described. The nucleoside-5′-monophosphates pMd (5) and pZd (7) were obtained by selective phosphorylation of Md (4) and Zd (6), respectively, using phosphorylchloride in triethyl phosphate or in acetonitril. The reaction of pMd (5) pII d (8) or pZd (7) with morpholine in the presence of DCC led to the phosphoric amides 9, 10 and 11, respectively, which were converted with tributylammonium pyrophosphate in dried dimethylsulfoxide to the nucleoside-5′triphosphates 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 105
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Two novel cannabinoid model compounds, (3R, 4R)-Δ1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinol-5″-oic acid (22) and 4″(R, S)-methyl-(3R, 4R)-Δ1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinol-5″-oic acid (23) were synthesized by acid-catalyzed condensation of (+)-trans-p-mentha-2, 8-dien-l-ol (1) with the substituted resorcinols 18 and 19 obtained by a Wittig reaction between 3, 5-bis(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde (7) and methyl 4-bromobutanoate (10) or methyl 4-bromo-2(R, S)-methylbutanoate (11) resp. with subsequent hydrogenation. The resulting methyl esters 20 and 21 were hydrolyzed to give acids 22 and 23.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 2538-2553 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In HSO3F/SO2ClF the β-hydroxy esters Ph-CHOH-CMe2-COOR (1, R=Me, Et) are doubly protonated, then transformed into the fluorosulfates 7 and (partly) into the fluorides 8. At -15°, both 7 and 8 undergo a rearrangement, forming derivatives of Me2C=C(Ph)COOR (2). By labelling 1 with 13C, singly (13C(3)) and doubly (13C(1,3)), it could be shown that exclusively the ROOC groups undergo a 1,2-shift. Compound 2 is also formed in HSO3F/SO2ClF from the isomeric Me2COH-CHPh-COOR (3) by elimination, and less easily from the α-hydroxy ester Ph-CMe2-CHOH-COOR (5) via a phenyl 1,2-shift. Another isomer, Ph-C(OH)Me-CHMe-COOR (4) gives products different from 2.Using more acidic systems containing SbF5, the free carbenium ions 13 (Ph-CH+-CMe2-COOR) can be stabilized; they do not form 2, possibly because of complexation of the ester group with SbF5. The energy profile and the mechanism of the rearrangement 1 → 2 are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 107
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: It is shown that ligand 1, designed to span trans-positions, under appropriate conditions also gives cis-mononuclear complexes of platinum (II). The structure of cis-[PtCl2 (1)] (2) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The major distortion from square planar coordination is the P-Pt-P angle of 104.8°. Values of valence angles within the bidentate ligand indicate that this part of the molecule is very strained. Two phenyl groups, one on each phosphorus, lie almost parallel to each other separated by ca. 3.2-3.3 Å. The 1H-NMR. data for this compound show that the π-phenyl interactions observed in the solid state occur also in solution. The preparation and NMR.-spectroscopic properties of trans- and cis-[PtH(PPh3) (1)] [BF4] are reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 108
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A Convenient Synthesis of LeucovorinThe synthesis of leucovorin, a 5-formyl-(6R or S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl-L-glutamic acid (II) is described. The L-folic acid was first reduced to (6R, S)-tetrahy-dro-L-folic acid (I); formylation with methyl-formate in DMSO gave directly leucovorin (as a diastereomeric mixture) in good yields. To demonstrate, that the formylation occurred regiospecifically at N (5) and not at N (10), N (10)-nitroso-(6 R, S)-tetrahydro-L-folic acid was formylated under the same conditions. Reductive elimination of the N (10)-nitrosogroup gave the identical leucovorin as in the previous case. The synthetic leucovorin was biologically as active as the natural product with Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 8043 and Pediococcus cerevisiae ATCC 8081.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 1335-1346 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Partial Synthesis and Oncostatic Properties of Pseudotubulosines, Analogues of Emetine and TubulosinePseudotubulosines, structural analogues of emetine and tubulosine, have been synthesized by either Pictet-Spengler or Bischler-Napieralski condensation from dihydrocorynantheal or corynantheidal. Spectral data, cytotoxic and oncostatic properties of these new alkaloids are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 1400-1406 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Metabolites of Microorganisms. FerrithiocinThe strain Tü 1998 from Streptomyces antibioticus produces besides the indicator antibiotics β- and γ-rubromycins a new sulfur containing metabolite. This metabolite, called ferrithiocin, has been isolated in the form of a iron complex. The structure 1 of the iron-free compound was elucidated by spectroscopic studies and chemical degradation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 111
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The Hydrolysis of 6exo-Substituted 2exo- and 2endo-Norbornyl p-Toluenesulfonates. Norbornane Series. Part 3Hydrolysis of the 6exo-substituted 2exo- and 2endo-norbornyl p-toluenesulfonates 1b-1 and 2b-1, respectively, in 70% dioxane led to different amounts of the following products: Unrearranged 2exo-norbornanols 3 and norbornenes 5, accompanied in somes cases by small amounts of the rearranged Rendo-epimers 4 and 6 and by norticyclenes 7. When the 6exo-substituent was a nucleophilic group as in 1e-1 and 2e-1, various amounts of tricyclic products were also formed by endo-cyclization. These results show that the 2exo- and 2endo-esters 1 and 2, respectively, react by way of different intermediates. In cases where the 6exo-substituent was an n-electron donor, as in 1m-r and 2m-r, quantitative fragmentation to (3-cyclopentenyl)acetaldehyde (13) occurred.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 2144-2151 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The radical cations and anions of naphtho [1,8-cd]-[1,2,6]thiadiazine (1) and 6,7-dihydroacenaphtho [5, 6-cd]-[1,2,6]thiadiazine (2), as well as the radical anion of acenaphtho [5, 6-cd]-[1,2,6]thiadiazine (3) have been characterized by ESR. spectroscopy. The π-spin distributions in the radical cations \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 1^{\oplus \atop \dot{}}$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 2^{\oplus \atop \dot{}}$\end{document} strongly resemble those in the iso-π-electronic phenalenyl radical. A prominent feature of the radical anions \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 1^{\ominus \atop \dot{}}$\end{document}, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 2^{\ominus \atop \dot{}}$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 3^{\ominus \atop \dot{}}$\end{document} is the substantial localization of the π-spin population on the thiadiazine fragment. These findings are satisfactorily accounted for by HMO models using conventional heteroatom parameters.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 113
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Two new sesquiterpenoids, nakafuran-8 (1) and -9 (8), have been isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea fragilis and from its prey, the nudibranchs Hypselodoris godeffroyana and Chromodoris maridadilus. The structures were established by spectral analysis and chemical transformations. Both compounds possess antifeedant properties when assayed in the laboratory against common reef fishes, Chaetodon spp.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 2179-2186 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The stereospecific cis-hydroxylation of 1-(2,3-dideoxy-β-D-glyceropent-2-enofuranosyl)thymine (1) into 1-β-D-ribofuranosylthymine (2) by osmium tetroxide is described. Treatment of 2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene-5-methyl-2,5′-anhydrouridine (8) with hydrogen sulfide or methanolic ammonia afforded 5′-deoxy-2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene-5′-mercapto-5-methyluridine (9) and 2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene-5-methyl-isocytidine (10), respectively. The action of ethanolic potassium hydroxide on 5′-deoxy-5′-iodo-2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene-5-methyluridine (7) gave rise to the corresponding 1-(5-deoxy-β-D-erythropent-4-enofuranosyl)5-methyluracil (13) and 2-O-ethyl-5-methyluridine (14).The hydrogenation of 2 and its 2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene derivative 4 over 5% Rh/Al2O3 as catalyst generated diastereoisomers of the corresponding 5-methyl-5,6-dihydrouridine (17 and 18).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 2221-2229 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Photochemistry of Cyclic Acetals of the 1,3-Dioxa-4,6-cycloheptadiene TypeUV.-irradiation (λ=254 nm) of 3 gives the isomers (E)-5 (4%), (Z)-5 (60%) and 6 (3%). On triplet sensitization (acetone; λ ≥ 280 nm) 3 is converted to (E)-5 (3%), (Z)-5 (7%) and 7 (9%). - The 1π,π*-excitation (λ=254 nm) of 4 yields the isomers 2 (9%), 8 (10%), 9 (34%), 10 (20%) and 11 (3%). On thermolysis (200°) 4 gives 10 (87%) by a Claisen-rearrangement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 116
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Photochemistry of Conjugated γ,δ-Epoxyenones: The Influence of a Hydroxy Substituent in ∊-PositionOn 1n, π*- or 1π,π*-excitation (λ ≥ 347 or λ=254 nm), the ε-hydroxy-γ;,δ-epoxyenone 8 undergoes fission of the C(γ)—O bond followed by the cleavage of the C(δ)-C(ε) bond. This hitherto unknown sequence of reactions is evidenced by the structure determination of the new type products 10-17 and 25, including a synthetic proof for 12 and the X-ray analysis of 11 (X-ray data: triclinic P1; a=7,386(2), b=8,904(4), c=9,684(5)Å; α=82,29(4)°, β=74,46(3)°, γ=82,29(3)°; Z=2).The selective 1π,π*-excitation also induces competitive C(γ)-C(δ) bond cleavage to yield the bicyclic acetal 18 and a ketonium-ylide intermediate a, which photochemically forms a carbene b giving the allene 19 and the cyclopropene 20.On 1n,π*-excitation of the acetate 9 the initial C(γ)-O bond fission is, in contrast to the behaviour of the corresponding alcohol 8, followed by a 1,2-methyl shift affording (E/Z)-28 or by a cyclization-autoxidation process yielding the lactone 29.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 2280-2286 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: On the Synthesis of Sulfonated Derivatives of 4- and 5-AminoindanBaking the hydrogensulfate salt of 4-aminoindan (1) and 5-aminoindan (2) led, respectively, to 4-aminoindan-7-sulfonic acid (3) and 5-aminoindan-6-sulfonic acid (4). Acid 4 was also obtained by direct sulfonation of 2. 4-Aminoindan-6-sulfonic acid (5) and 6-aminoindan-4-sulfonic acid (6) were prepared by sulfonation of 4-nitroindan (7) and 5-nitroindan (9), respectively, to 4-nitroindan-6-sulfonic acid (8) and 6-nitroindan-4-sulfonic acid (10), followed by a Béchamp-reduction. Treatment of 1 with amidosulfuric acid gave 3, whereas the same reaction with 2 led to a mixture of 4 and 5-aminoindan-4-sulfonic acid (11). Independent synthesis of 11 was achieved by the following sequence of reactions: sulfur dioxide treatment of the diazonium chloride derived from 4-amino-5-nitrodan (13) gave 5-nitroindan-4-sulfonyl chloride (14); hydrolysis to 5-nitroindan-4-sulfonic acid (15), and final reduction. The 4-aminoindan-5-sulfonic acid (16) was synthesized by treatment of 4-amino-7-bromoindan (18) with amidosulfuric acid to give 4-amino-7-bromoindan-5-sulfonic acid (19) followed by hydrogenolysis. Sulfonation of 4-acetyl-amino-7-bromoindan (17) with oleum followed by hydrolysis led to 7-amino-4-bromoindan-5-sulfonic acid (20), the structure of which was confirmed by reductive dehalogenation to 5.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 2302-2311 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This paper deals with the problem of defining, and measuring, the pH inside the water pool (which we define as pHwp) of reverse micelles, i.e. micelles formed by surfactants dissolved in apolar solvents in the presence of minimal amounts of water. The conceptual and experimental difficulties are discussed, and it is argued that no absolute determination of pHwp is possible, mostly because water in the water pools of reverse micelles is a new solvent, for which no standardization of acidity is available. The problem can be approached only on the basis of an empirical acidity scale.An empirical acidity scale for water pools in reverse micelles of bis (2-ethyl-hexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) in isooctane has been defined by measuring the 31P-chemical shifts of phosphate buffers. The chemical shifts in bulk water were compared to those found in reverse micelles under the assumption that the pK of phosphate ion is the same in the two systems. It was found that in most cases there was little difference (less than 0.4 pH units) between pHwp and the pH of the starting buffer in bulk water (which we define as pHst). However, this difference between pHwp and pHst may become much larger in certain cases.The difference (pHwp-pHst) is measured under a variety of conditions, and this permits the determination of an operational acidity in the micelle water pools as a function of the pHst with which the aqueous micelles are prepared. The significance of such data for interpreting the behaviour of enzymes confined in the micelles water pool is discussed. Based on the pHwp scale, the apparent pKa of phenol-red and 4-nitrophenol were determined in reverse micelles containing different buffers and different water content. The pKa values obtained were rather sensitive to changes of both these factors, which was taken to signify that organic dies have only a very limited applicability to measure the acidity of the water pools of reverse micelles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 395-401 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: On the Pathway of the Catalytic Reduction of 7-MethylpterinThe catalytic hydrogenation of 7-methylpterin (VII) in a neutral solution occurs first by the reduction of the 7,8-double bond (thermodynamically-controlled reaction) followed by the reduction of the 5,6-double bond. On the contrary, in an acidic medium like CF3COOH, the 5,6-double bond is reduced first (kinetically-controlled reaction). The dihydro-intermediate then undergoes a [1,2]-H-rearrangement leading to the formation of the thermodynamically more stable 7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin (XV) which on further reduction gives 7-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin (VIII). The catalytic reduction of 7-methyl-7,8-dihydropterin (XV) with deuterium gives stereoselectively a sole product with D at C(6) in the equatorial position.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 571-587 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The Photochemistry of Open-Chained 2,6- or 2,7-Dien-Carbonyl CompoundsOn 1n, π*-excitation (λ 〉 347 nm) citral (5) and the methyl ketone 10 isomerize to compounds A (7, 19) and B (6, 20), whereas the phenyl ketone 11 changes into the isomer 24 of type E. Evidence is given that the conversions to A and B may arise from the 3n, π*-state of the 2,6-diene-carbonyl compounds.On 1n, π*-excitation (λ = 254 nm) 5 and 10 yield the isomers A (7, 19) and D (18, 22), but no products of type B. Furthermore, conversion of 10 to the isomer 21 of type C is observed.Selective 1n, π*-excitation (λ = 254 nm) as well as selective 1n, π*-excitation (λ 〉 347 nm) of the 2,7-diene-carbonyl compounds 12 and 13 give rise to isomerization to the compounds F (25, 28), exclusively. The intramolecular [2 + 2]-photocycloadditions are shown to be triplet processes.UV.-irradiation (λ 〉 280 nm) of compounds F (25, 28) furnishes the isomeric products G (26, 29) which photoisomerize to oxetanes of type H (27, 30).
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 606-609 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Four triterpenoid saponins (1-4) have been isolated from the berries of Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae) by droplet counter-current and preparative liquid chromatography. The structures have been established by FD./MS. and 13C-NMR. spectroscopy. The isolated compounds were found to possess strong molluscicidal activity against the bilharziasis-transmitting snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Saponin 4, identified as hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside, is a new natural product.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 645-652 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Synthesis and Photochemistry of 3-(2-Thienyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2H-azirineThe synthesis of 3-(2-thienyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2 H-azirine (1) is described. UV. irradiation of 1 in benzene solution generates the nitrile isopropylide 2 which reacts in a regiospecific manner with activated C, C and C, O double bonds to give 1-pyrrolines and 3-oxazolines, respectively. With chelidonic acid diethyl ester the cycloaddition of 2 to the C, C double bond is preferred.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 123
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Synthesis of optically active natural carotenoids and structurally related compounds. IV. Synthesis of (3R, 3′R, 6′R)-luteinThe synthesis of (3R, 3′R, 6′R)-lutein (19) according to the building principle C25+C15=C40 is reported utilizing (R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (4) as a readily available key intermediate.
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  • 124
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Synthesis of Optically Active Natural Carotenoids and Structurally Related Compounds. VIII. Synthesis of (3S,3′S)-7,8,7′,8′-Tetradehydroastaxanthin and (3S,3′S)-7,8-Didehydroastaxanthin (Asterinic Acid)The synthesis of all-trans-(3S,3′S)-3,3′-dihydroxy-7,8, 7′,8′-tetradehydro-β, β-carotene-4,4′-dione (1), of all-trans-(3S,3′S)-3,3′-dihydroxy-7, 8-didehydro-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione (2) (asterinic acid = mixture of 1 and 2), and of their 9,9′-di-cis- and 9-cis-isomers is reported starting from (4′S)(2E)-5-(4′-hydroxy-2′, 6′,6′-trimethyl-3′-oxo-l′-cyclohexenyl)-3-methyl-2-penten-4-ynal (8). The absolute configuration (3S,3′S) for both components 1 and 2 of asterinic acid ex Asterias rubens is confirmed on the basis of spectroscopic and direct comparison.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 125
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The results of calculations of the transition energies and polarization in nucleotide bases performed by the CNDO/S CI method are compared with experimental data for long-wavelength and vacuumabsorption bands. The calculations and the analysis of experimental data testify to the existence of n - π* transitions in the first absorption bands of the bases. The study of double-stranded polynucleotides and DNA hypochromism based on the theoretical electronic characteristics of the bases and perturbation theory is performed. The role of stacking and complementary interactions within the hypochromic effect is cleared up. Two mechanisms for the shift of the fluorescence band maximum are investigated: two-proton transfer along H bonds and excimer formation. The study of H-bond potential curves shows the disadvantage of two-proton phototautomerism in the nucleotide base pairs in contrast to model systems. The possibility of excimer state formation in stacked homo- and heterodimers of nucleotide bases is shown within the extended-Hückel treatment. The nature of excimer minimum for the excited-state potential curve is analyzed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 531-547 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) equations are derived up to the second order when the system is perturbed by a monochromatic plane wave. The solutions of the equations are subjected to the orthonormalization conditions satisfied by the orbitals. In the equations, these conditions are expressed by the appearing of coefficients λjkn,ε playing the part of Lagrangian multipliers. Relations between the coefficients λjkn,ε are established. These relations are equivalent to the above-mentioned orthonormalization conditions. This equivalence enables us to substitute for the solution of an integrodifferential equation system subject to constraint conditions, that of a free system. The TDHF equations obtained determine the first- and second-order orbital perturbations, which no doubt verify the orthonormalization conditions. These orbitals can be used in the calculation, up to second order, of different nonlinear optical effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 596-596 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 619-629 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Pair correlation in the ground state of the Li isoelectronic sequence is studied through four approximate wave functions which incorporate inter- and intrashell pair correlation. Of these functions, two possess symmetry appropriate to a three-electron system, while two do not. The functions are not variational functions in the usual sense. They are instead fixed linear combinations of products of orbitals and pair functions for the appropriate states of two-electron atoms. They are considered here as zero-order approximations to the exact wave functions, and the corresponding zero-order Hamiltonians are obtained. The simplest of these functions is improved by the introduction of a screening parameter for the “outer” electron. This latter function is found to be a satisfactory compromise between accuracy and simplicity and is proposed for study via higher-order perturbation theory.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 599-608 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Ab initio calculations of various expectation energies have been made for the reactant and product species in six reactions that involve only small linear molecules. The reactions include fission by hydrogen, addition of hydrogen, exchange of triply bonded atoms, fluorination, and oxygen atom transfer. The change in total electronic energy is not invariably the result of changes in inner shell energy and outer shell σ- and π-electron energies simply augmenting each other, but in several cases there is a complex interplay of opposing effects. This approach gives a different insight into the energetic aspects of changes in bonding from that derived from the concept of shared electron pairs in σ and π bonds together with lone pairs in valence shells. Changes in π-electron energy are shown to be important in a reaction in which neither reactant nor product molecules contain π bonds in the usual chemical sense. While in a reaction in which there is a complete change in the nature of the triple bonds, and hence the π bonding, the change in π-electron energy makes a smaller contribution than either the change in inner shell or the outer shell σ-electron energies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 479-483 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: We use a previously proposed variation-perturbation method to calculate the electric polarizabilities and the electric dipole moment at equilibrium nuclear distance of the BH molecule. We obtain 3.56 × 10-24 cm3 for the perpendicular polarizability αxx and 3.22 × 10-24 cm3 for the parallel polarizability αzz. Our result for the electric dipole moment μ0 is 1.734 debye units; there is no reliable experimental result to compare it with.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 549-586 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The resonance energy of conjugated benzenoid systems is expressed as contributions arising from independent conjugated circuits. The scheme has been applied to numerous very large conjugated systems. In many cases, it was possible to find regularities in the increments for the resonance energy within a family of benzenoid systems as the number of benzene rings is increased.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 595-595 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 609-618 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A previously given iterative procedure to improve wave functions is analyzed. Its relationship with other well-known approximation methods is investigated. Hypervirial operators depending on a real parameter are proposed and their connection with the employment of an infinite number of hypervirial relations is analyzed. A way to use formulas that are valid for exact eigenfunctions in the case of approximate functions is presented. Formal results are applied to the harmonic oscillator and hydrogen atom models in order to show their practical utilization.
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 651-671 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Ab initio MO calculations, using both minimal (STO-3G) and extended (Roos-Siegbahn) basis sets are reported for the systems methanethiol-imidazole, methanethiol-imidazole-formaldehyde, and methanethiol-imidazole-formamide, which, together with a point-change representation of a long α-helix, form models for the active site of papain. It is shown that the large electric field exerted by the helix in the active-site region is responsible for the presence of the essential residues Cys 25 and His 159 in the form of an ion pair RS- ··· ImH+, which is crucial for a recently proposed mechanism for the catalytic action of the enzyme. Also, an explanation is given for the anomalies in measured pK values for these residues. Detailed studies on the (sub)systems show that minimal basis sets lack the flexibility necessary for describing the type of proton transfer involved. We conclude that α-helices are essential parts of enzymes and that they play a significant role in the catalytic process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 679-687 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A generalization of optimized diatomics-in-molecules method that provides an accurate treatment of overlap integrals is presented. The possibilities of the method to reproduce potential surfaces of the 4B2, 2B2, and 2A1 states of the H3 molecule are investigated. It is shown that satisfactory results can be achieved only for a single state under consideration, but not for the three states simultaneously.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 719-724 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Ab initio SCF calculations carried out on the planar cluster CuCl42- suggest that the strong satellites at the high-binding energy side of inner-shell ESCA lines of Cu are due to charge relaxations in the σ-bonding orbitals which mix with Cu 3d. The satellite state with the largest intensity may be described as a one-electron excitation Cu 3d → Cl 3p.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 975-982 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A modification of the overlap approximation for triplet pair correlation energies is presented. The modification allows the use of either the canonical absolute overlap or the minimum absolute overlap. When applied to the b 3∑u+ state of H2, this approximation reproduces the observed correlation energy to within 0.0002 hartree (or ±3%) for all internuclear distances from 1.3 bohr to infinity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1039-1041 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1042-1042 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1069-1074 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Le rǒle de la nonadditivité pour l'énergie d'interaction entre trois molécules de LiH a été examiné dans le cadre de la méthode ab-initio-SCF. La partie nonadditive de l'énergie d'interaction est plus importante pour une structure cyclique que pour un trimère linéaire; elle est stabilisante dans les deux cas. La valeur du rapport entre les termes à deux et à trois corps pour des points différents sur l'hypersurface de l'énergie est discutée.
    Kurzfassung: Die Bedeutung der Nichtadditivität in der Wechselwirkungsenergie zwischen drei LiH-Molekülen ist im Rahmen des ab-initio-SCF-Verfahrens untersucht worden. Der nichtadditive Teil der Wechselwirkungsenergie ist wichtiger für eine zyklische Struktur als in einem linearen Trimer; er ist in beiden Fallen stabilisierend. Das Verhältnis zwischen Zwei- und Dreikörperglieder für verschiedene Punkte auf der Energiehyperfläche wird diskutiert.
    Notizen: The role of nonadditivity of the interaction energy between three LiH molecules was investigated within the SCF ab initio framework. The nonadditive part of the interaction energy is more important in the case of a cyclic structure than in a linear trimer, and is stabilizing in both cases. The value of the ratio of three-body and two-body terms for different points on the energy hypersurface is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1099-1109 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Des développments gaussiens complètement optimisés des fonctions hydrogénoïdes de type 1s, 2pz, 3dxy, et 4fxyz ont été pratiquement reproduits par une construction spéciale des paramètres variationnels. L'utilité des fonctions génératrices utilisées est discutée brièvement.
    Kurzfassung: Vollständig optimisierte Gaussentwicklungen wasserstoffähnlicher Funktionen von Typ 1s, 2pz, 3dxy, und 4fxyz sind mittels eines speziellen Verfahrens für die bestimmung der Variationsparameter praktisch reproduziert worden. Der Nutzen der angewandten erzeugenden Funktionen wird kurz diskutiert.
    Notizen: Fully optimized lengthy Gaussian expansions of hydrogenic 1s and 2pz functions have been practically reproduced by generating the variational parameters by means of suitably chosen functions involving only few parameters. Hydrogenic 3dxy and 4fxyz functions have been approximated in a similar way. The usefulness of such generating functions is briefly discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1125-1141 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: L'approximation HF présentée dans la partie I a été testée par rapport à plusieurs propriétés moléculaires. Trois niveaux d'aproximation différents a, b, et c sont considérés. Des résultats satisfaisants - en comparaison avec des calculs HF “exacts” - sont obtenus avec la base STO-3G et le niveau a. A ce niveau-ci l'erreur dans l'énergie de liaison est de 0.001-0.025 a.u. pour toutes les molécules considérées, qui contiennent jusqu'à six atomes de la première ligne comme par exemple le cyclopentanone (C5OH8). L'erreur dans les énergies de réaction traitées ici est d'environ 4 kcal/mol (l'erreur maximale est de 9 kcal/mol). Les énergies orbitalaires, les moments dipolaires, les charges brutes, les géométries d'équilibres et les barrières de rotation interne sont bien reproduits par notre méthode à tous les trois niveaux.
    Kurzfassung: Die HF-Näherungsmethode, welche im Teil I vorgestellt wurde, wird an einigen Moleküleigenschaften getestet. Drei Näherungsstufen a, b, und c werden untersucht. Zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse - verglichen mit entsprechenden “exakten” HF-Rechnungen - erhält man mit der STO-3G Basis und der Näherungsstufe a. Bei dieser Näherung ist der Fehler in der Bindungsenergie 0.001-0.025 a.u. für alle untersuchten Moleküle, welche bis zu 6 Atome der 1. Reihe enthalten, wie z.B. Cyclopentanon (C5OH8). Der Fehler in den hier behandelten Reaktionsenergien beträgt etwa 4 kcal/mol (der maximale Fehler beträgt 9 kcal/mol). Orbitalenergien, Diplolmomente, Bruttoladungen, Gleichgewichtsgeometrien und Rotationsbarrieren werden durch die Näherungsmethode bei allen Näherungsstufen gut wiedergegeben.
    Notizen: The HF approximation method that was outlined in Paper I is tested with respect to several molecular properties. Three different levels of approximation a, b, and c are considered. Satisfactory results - compared to corresponding “exact” HF calculations - are obtained with the STO-3G basis and the approximation level a. At this level the error in the binding energy is 0.001-0.025 a.u. for all considered molecules which contain up to six first-row atoms as, e.g., cyclopentanone (C5OH8). The error in the reaction energies considered here is about 4 kcal/mol (the maximal error is 9 kcal/mol). Orbital energies, dipole moments, gross charges, equilibrium geometries, and barriers to internal rotation are well reproduced by the approximation method at all three levels.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 995-1006 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The influence of side-chain disorder on the electronic structure of proteins has been investigated in the case of polypeptides containing two or three different amino acid residues. It has been found that due to the different potentials of different side-chain groups, the original valence and conduction bands of the homopolypeptides are split into narrow bands. The comparison of the densities of electronic states in simple homopolypeptides and in composite polymers shows that new forbidden regions in the energy spectrum of proteins may develop. The consequences of these effects for the semiconductive properties of proteins are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1031-1037 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In a previous paper, a scheme of integral approximation was proposed, in which a large number of two-electron integrals containing a certain kind of orbital pairs, i.e., weakly related pairs, can be neglected. A new criterion for partitioning orbital pairs into two groups, i.e., strongly and weakly related pairs, is introduced in order to allow for neglect of more integrals without sacrificing the accuracy of a computation. Test calculations on the BH3—C2H4 complex show that by the use of the new version, results of roughly the same accuracy as was obtained by the old version is obtained by retaining 80% of the integrals used in the old version. This kind of saving is more significant for larger molecules. For example, in a calculation on Cu-porphine with 203 CGTO'S, the revised version will require about 2.0 × 106 integrals, while the original version will require about 4.5 × 106. And these two approximate calculations are expected to give the results of roughly the same accuracy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 145
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Cooperative phenomena may be involved in the biological effects of magnetic fields (H), since its effects on isolated atoms or ions, at room temperature, are very weak. It is suggested that interactions at the social level can considerably increase the efficiency of H in orienting the displacements of animals. This effect is discussed with a simple mathematical model inspired on superparamagnetism. In case of very weak interactions of H with isolated animals, it suggests that orientation could only be made visible through cooperativity at the social level. These results are generalized to other physical stimuli and effects, leading to the concept of cooperative sensory response, i.e., a group response to an external physical agent even when its effect on isolated members of the group is undetectable.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 146
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: En déterminant les paramètres des jeux de base dans des environnements moléculaires par d'autres critères que l'énergie totale, il est démontré qu'une généralisation de la base pour des fragments moléculaires peut ětre obtenue, dans laquelle les propriétés géométriques et celles de la structure électronique sont prédites considérablement mieux qu'avec des bases de taille semblable. Comme premier pas dans le développement d'une série de bases avec une flexibilité et une précision de plus en plus prononcée, on a construit plusieurs jeux de base de type simple zéta avec une contraction gaussienne pour chaque orbitale de base. Les meilleures de ces bases donnent des propriétés géométriques et électroniques pour une série de molécules organiques avec'une précision meilleure que celle obtenue par la base correspondante de type STO-2G et semblable dans la plupart des cas à STO-3G. En outre cette base peut ětre utilisée soit avec des gaussiennes cartésiennes, soit avec des gaussiennes sphériques flottantes.
    Kurzfassung: Durch eine Bestimmung von Basissatzparametern in Molekülumgebungen mit anderen Kriterien als der Gesamtenergie wird gezeigt, dass eine Verallgemeinerung des Molekülfragmentsbasissatzes erhalten werden kann, mit welchem geometrischen und Elektronstruktureigenschaften beträchtlich besser als mit anderen Basissätzen ähnlicher Grösse vorhergesagt werden können. Als erster Schritt in der Entwicklung einer Reihe von Basissätzen mit sukzessiv grösserer Flexibilität und Genauigkeit werden mehrere Basissätze von Einzelzetatyp durch eine Gauss'sche Kontraktion für jedes Basisorbital konstruiert. Mit den besten dieser Basissätze werden geometrische und elektronische Eigen-schaften für eine Reihe von organischen Molekülen mit besserer Genauigkeit als dem entsprechenden STO-2G Basissatz und in vielen Fallen ähnlich dem STO-2G Satz erhalten. Weiter wird gezeiget, dass dieser Basissatz mit sowohl Cartesischen als fliesseden sphärischen Gaussfunktionen vereinbar ist.
    Notizen: By determining basis set parameters in molecular environments using other criteria than total energy, it is shown that a generalization of the molecular fragment basis can be obtained in which calculated geometric and electronic structural properties are predicted substantially better than with other basis sets of similar size. As a first step in the development of a series of basis sets having successively greater flexibility and accuracy, several single-zeta basis sets are created, using a two-Gaussian contraction for each basis orbital. The best of these basis sets produced calculated geometric and electronic properties for a series of molecules that model a wide variety of organic molecules that are of better accuracy than the corresponding STO-2G basis, and similar in most cases to STO-3G. In addition, the basis set is shown to be applicable in either a Cartesian Gaussian basis or a floating spherical Gaussian basis.
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  • 147
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    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1111-1123 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Une méthode est proposée, qui réduit considérablement le travail numérique dans un calcul HF en réduisant le nombre d'intégrales à deux électrons qui doivent ětre calculées. Les procédés suivants sont utilisés: (i) la densité électronique est approximée par un petit nombre de fonctions pour la partie de Coulomb de la matrice HF; (ii) cette densité approchée est modifiée pour améliorer son potentiel; (iii) dans la partie d'échange une fonction de base χ est remplacée par une fonction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi $\end{document} avec un nombre moindre de lobes gaussines; (iv) l'érreur causée par ce remplacement-ci est réduite par une modification des densités \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi _i \tilde \chi _j $\end{document} dans les intégrales d'échange. Le temps de calcul pour les intégrales est réduit par un facteur 6 pour des molécules contenant cinq atomes de la première ligne comme par exemple CF4, si l'on utilise une base 7S/3P contractée à (5, 1, 1/3). Le temps augmente approximativement avec n3, si n est le nombre de lobes gaussiens.
    Kurzfassung: Eine Methode wird vorgeschlagen, welche den numerischen Aufwand von Hartree-Foch Rechnungen dadurch verringert, indem die Zahl der zu berechnenden Zweielektronenintegrale reduziert wird. Dabei werden folgende Konzepte verwendet: (i) Zur Berechnung des Coulombanteils der HF Matrix wird die Elektronendichte durch wenig Funktionen approximiert. (ii) Die approximierte Dichte wird so modifiziert, daß ihr Potential verbessert wird. (iii) Zur Berechnung des Austauschanteils wird eine Basisfunktion χ durch eine Funktion \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi $\end{document} ersetzt, welche weniger Gauss-lobes enthält. (iv) Der dadurch hervorgerufene Fehler wird durch eine Änderung der in den Austauschintegralen vorkommenden Dichten \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi _i \tilde \chi _j $\end{document} reduziert. Für Moleküle, welche 5 Atome der 1. Reihe enthalten, wie z.B. CF4, wird die Rechenzeit für den Integralteil um den Faktor 6 reduziert, wenn eine 7S/3P Basis kontrahiert zu (5, 1, 1/3) verwendet wird. Die Integralzeit nimmt etwa mit der 3. Potenz der Zahl der Gauss-lobes zu.
    Notizen: A method is proposed that reduces the computational effort of HF calculations considerably by reducing the number of two-electron integrals that have to be calculated. The following concepts are used: (i) approximation of the electron density by only few functions for the Coulomb part of the HF matrix; (ii) modification of this approximate density, to improve its Coulomb field; (iii) in the exchange part, a basis function χ is replaced by a function \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi $\end{document} consisting of fewer Gaussian lobes; (iv) the error caused by this replacement is reduced by a modification of the densities \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi _i \tilde \chi _j $\end{document} in the exchange integrals. The computation time of the integral part is reduced by a factor 6 for molecules containing five first-row atoms as, e.g., CF4, if one uses a 7S/3P basis set contracted to (5, 1, 1/3). The integral time increases roughly with n3, if n is the number of Gaussian lobes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 148
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    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 3-9 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A hierarchy of necessary conditions that an exact density matrix of a pure state or an ensemble has to satisfy is derived, namely the hermiticity of certain operators F(k). For k = 1 this reduces to the well-known Hartree-Fock condition. It is then shown that the kth set of conditions is equivalent to stationarity of the energy with respect to unitary k-particle transformations. k-Particle generalizations of Hartree-Fock theory are then discussed both in the spirit of k-particle pseudoeigenvalue equations and in the framework of a Newton-Raphson-type constructive scheme.
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 275-280 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The binding energy spectra for the valence orbitals of hydrogen chloride have been obtained using the binary (e,2e) method at 1200 eV. The strength of the innermost valence orbital (4σ) is severely split among several ion states in the energy range 25 to 41 eV. The measured cross sections are compared with results of calculations using contracted Gaussian basis sets of double-zeta quality, and with a one-particle Green's function calculation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 307-310 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The charge exchange process in the intervalence (mixed-valence) system is interpreted in terms of the nonstationary state mechanism which is a well-known approach for rationalizing the molecular tautomerism process. The two kinds of processes are viewed in a close analogy in the sense that both involve a pair of near-degenerate levels in a double-well potential. However, a comparison is made between the two cases to demonstrate that an electron moves not only faster but also farther in distance than a nucleus does.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 152
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Traditionally, the calculation of the vibrational spectra of molecules involves at one point or another a numerical differentiation procedure. Such a method has some serious drawbacks both in efficiency and in accuracy. In this paper, an alternative method based on linear response theory is presented. The second derivative of the ground-state energy is expressed in terms of the electron density response matrix by means of perturbation theory. The unperturbed wave functions are obtained from the Hartree-Fock equation. First-order perturbation theory applied to this equation leads to the Hartree-Fock linear response. As an illustration of this method the vibrational frequency of a H2 molecule is calculated. The result is 1.348 × 1014 Hz as compared to the experimental value of 1.319 × 1014 Hz. This method is also applicable in the calculation of the phonon dispersion curves of solids.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 153
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    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 393-396 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A brief account of a quantum chemistry literature data base (QCLDB) is described, which contains the key information of about 2000 papers of ab initio calculations of atoms and molecules published in 1977-1979. The QCLDB is stored in a computer and can be sorted and rearranged into author and substance indices. Selection of the items for each paper in a computer-readable data base is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 154
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    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 409-419 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Metal chelates [(C2H2X2)2M]n with ligating atoms X = NH, O, S and central atoms M = Be2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ (n = 0, ± 2), and M = Li+, Cu+ (n = ± 1, -3), have been studied in our Laboratory for some years by ab initio calculations. In this article it is shown that certain features of the complexes are the same for all the different metals in our series. These features include a drastic reduction of the energy gap between unoccupied and occupied orbitals, when electrons are added to the positively charged complexes. This change of the energy gap is shown to be an effect of the ligand dimer [(C2H2X2)2]n. But this dimer can only exist when a positive ion, e.g., a metal ion, forms a bridge between the two monomers. The reduced energy gap implies a strong bathochromic shift of the electronic spectrum and low electrical resistivity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 457-462 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The photoisomerization of imine compounds is studied in terms of an ab initio MO CI calculation. The potential curves of the syn-anti isomerization via the rotation and the inversion are examined for benzaldimine. It is suggested that the photoisomerization is initiated through the rotation around the C—N bond in both singlet and triplet states. The ease of the photoisomerization is found to be determined by both the conformation of phenyl ring in the ground state and the energy difference of vertically excited states between two isomers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 156
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    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 493-500 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: To aid in designing new therapeutic iron chelating agents, the mechanism of iron binding to prototypic heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones has been studied. Based on molecular orbital and spectroscopic studies, iron (II) is found to bind in a covalent manner, while iron(III) seems to interact ionically. However, with both iron(II) and iron(III), chelate formation is dependent on charge interaction between the metal and the coordinating atoms of the ligand.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 157
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    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 515-519 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The potential-energy curves for the movement of proton along the hydrogen-bond direction were calculated for the parent and cations produced from the β- decay of pyridine-pyrrole labeled by tritium (3H) or carbon-14(14C). For all cations the double minimum potential is predicted to be formed, and the activation energy for the proton transfer from one well to the other is about 10.0 kcal/mol, which is much lower than that in the (NH2—H—NH2)+ ion. A positional effect of nuclear transformation is scarcely expected in 3H β- decay, whereas a slight positional effect may be expected in 14C β- decay.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 158
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    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 533-537 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A theoretical study has been made on the translational or “rattling” motion of homonuclear diatomic molecules encaged in β-quinol clathrates. By the use of an adjustable parameter for the van der Waals radius, experimental results have been explained fairly well.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 501-508 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The problem of the existence of a prostaglandin (PG) receptor is still controversial, but it seems to be clear that the main action of the PGs concerns the interface of the cellular membrane (which has a predominantly lipid character) and the extracellular liquid (which mainly consists of water). Also especially in the case of the exogenous PGs, the transport of these substances in the organism in influenced by the hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of the reactive molecules. These properties can be estimated by MO studies using a solvation model and a semiempirical method of calculation. This paper is concerned with the molecules of PGA1 and PGE1. MO studies were performed for these molecules with the CNDO/SW method in order to calculate ionization potentials, dipole moments, and molecular polarizabilities. With these computed molecular properties, the electrostatic and van der Waals interactions with water and octanol molecules are evaluated and compared within the framework of the original model. This study allows the differentiation of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic character of the PGs investigated and the comparison of the results with experimental data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 160
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    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 189-191 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 161
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    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 607-613 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The range in ordinary space of a defect in a solid, polymer, or a large molecule is an important parameter in many physical and chemical situations like, e.g., substitutional and interstitial impurities in ionic crystals, deep and shallow energy levels in semiconductors, core holes in systems studied by photoelectron spectroscopy, and hydrogen in metals. Both the electronic structure and the lattice of the host molecule or solid are normally influenced by the defect, and it is desirable to treat, as far as possible, these two aspects together. An explicit procedure for investigating the degree of localization is proposed that is based on the direct calculation of Wannier functions and partitioning technique.
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 619-623 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Exciton transfers in the two-dimensional and spin-canted antiferromagnet (C2H5NH3)2MnCl4 were studied by investigating the absorption spectra 6A1g → 4T2g(4D) of Mn2+. A magnon side band (exciton-magnon simultaneous excitation) which has an anomalous shape with the cutoffs at the low-energy as well as the high-energy sides was observed. This anomalous shape could be reproduced in calculation as magnon side band, considering both the intersublattice and intrasublattice exciton transfers. From the analysis of this band shape, the magnitudes of the intersublattice and intrasublattice exciton transfers are estimated to be 10.2 and 6.8 cm-1, respectively. In the case of simple antiferromagnets without spin canting, the intersublattice exciton transfer process is forbidden because of the spin angular momentum. However, in the case of (C2H5NH3)2MnCl4, the prohibition of the intersublattice exciton transfer is removed by the canted-spin arrangement.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 695-708 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A new method has been proposed for calculating the Gaussian matrix elements of the interaction operator represented by an arbitrary degree of interelectron distance X12ρ. The method is based on the expansion of two-electron integrals as the sum of one-electron integrals which in turn admit compact operator representation in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions. The generating differential operator has been shown to be related to the modified Hermitian polynomials. The standard structure of the special functions encountered in this approach is useful in studying the analytical behavior of the integrals and makes it possible to obtain for these integrals recurrence relations, direct algebraic expressions in the forms of finite sum of confluent hypergeometric functions, integral representations, and asymptotic properties. Unlike the usual methods based on integral transformation of the interaction operator, the proposed approach has a wider field of application, and in addition, leads to compact and convenient analytical expressions. The idea of using differential properties of integrals to simplify the integrand structure gives the proposed approach a certain resemblance to that suggested by Boys but not developed in detail in his pioneer work.
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 775-782 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Properties of Hückel parameters are investigated by using a mapping concept. The mapping is constructed by means of the Linderberg relation. No efforts are made to get a numerically correct description of the Hückel parameters.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 797-810 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The performance of the MINDO/3 method has been evaluated in simple heteroatomic molecules that are representative of several important biological systems. Molecular geometries are accurate to within 0.04 Å for bond lengths, and 3° for most bond angles. Dipole moments and charge distributions are estimated satisfactorily, and ionization potentials are predicted to an accuracy of 0.5 eV. The method is less accurate in estimating the ionization of some upper level σ orbitals. The overall evaluation shows that MINDO/3 provides a good description of the geometries and electronic properties of the molecules studied. The results of MINDO/3 calculations in several other chemical systems are also reviewed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 841-866 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Spin functions that are compatible with orbital ordering and geminal antisymmetry conditions are investigated. It is shown that two widely used classes of spin functions, namely, the spin-bonded functions and Yamanouchi-Kotani (or, equivalently, Gelfand-Tsetlin) functions possess these properties. The relationship of the latter with Young-Yamanouchi spin functions is also outlined using graphical techniques of spin algebras. These techniques are also used to rederive the Hamiltonian matrix elements between spin-bonded functions and to show the relationship among the various schemes used in this case.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1109-1131 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A theorem is presented that characterizes approximate states and truncated operator manifolds associated with self-consistent approximate propagators. This theorem establishes a natural relationship between Hermiticity, stationarity, nonredundance and completeness of operator manifolds, model time evolution, and the vacuum condition. For the case of the polarization propagator we describe algorithms by which we can construct states and manifolds that satisfy this theorem and the vacuum condition.
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1165-1173 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An exchange-correlation potential model to be used in connection with the multiple scattering method is presented. Retaining the main advantages of the multiple scattering method with the Xα potential, particularly its low computational requirements, this new formalism does not require any adjustable parameter. Test calculations on the NiF64- system are reported and compared with experimental and ab initio results.
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  • 169
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    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1405-1413 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Semiempirical MO calculations of the self-consistent charge and configuration (SCCC) method are reported for the acetonitrile-metal solvated species (CH3CN)xMn+, where M = Be2+ and Mg2+. Comparison of the delocalization energies for various chemical structures x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 leads to an expectation of a tetrahedral structure for the Be2+ species and an octahedral structure for the Mg2+ species. The electronic nature of the donor-acceptor interaction is also discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1465-1472 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Analytical formulas are given for the orbital contributions to two-electron properties such as 〈r12n〉, with n = -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, and 4, for atomic systems in which orbitals are expanded as linear combinations of Gaussian functions. Numerical values for all possible contributions in the atoms Li to Ne have been calculated at the Hartree-Fock level. These quantities are compared and discussed to show what kind of information can be obtained from such quantities. The influence of the basis set size has also been considered.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1485-1487 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 709-713 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Using a modified form of Sharma's method for the expansion of a Slater-type orbital in spherical harmonics about a displaced center, a general expression for the overlap integral between two orbitals is derived that is equivalent to that given by Sharma. By use of a simple kind of “computer algebra” this expression is developed here into a formula that is equivalent to earlier known ones and may have computational advantages when the generated formula coefficients are stored. This method is capable of extension to more complicated integrals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 891-904 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: This paper reports some theoretical studies of PGA1 using conformational and molecular orbital techniques. The conformation energy (CE) calculations, using empirical potential-energy functions, for intrinsic torsional rotations around C12—C13 (θ), C7—C8 (Ψ), and C14—C15 (φ) show a number of energy minima. The relative value of the CE for these minima ranges from 4.09 to 8.01 kcal/mol. An additional rotation around C4—C5 (χ) giving “twist” to the carboxyl chains lowers the CE value by 2-3 kcal/mol and a conformation with CE value 2.39 kcal/mol less than crystallographic one is obtained. The interchain interaction energy showed changes with conformations. No significant change in the interchain interaction energy was observed due to “twist” in the carboxyl chain. The isopotential mapping study demonstrated the probable ionic binding site near the carboxyl and the ring (O9) oxygens. Conformational and molecular orbital results are discussed in the light of the reduced abortifacient potency of PGA1 with respect to PGF2α and the possible role of Ca2+ ions in this action.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1157-1163 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The transformation of two-electron integrals from an atomic orbital basis to a symmetry orbital basis is a straightforward procedure, but becomes a time-consuming process when the system has high symmetry. In the conventional transformation algorithm, the number of multiplications is proportional to the fifth power of the basis size. To reduce the computer time, a new transformation algorithm is proposed. In this method, the number of multiplications for the transformation is proportional to the fourth power of the number of atomic orbitals in an equivalent orbital group. A new transformation program has been completed and tested against the conventional n5 method. The present method may be regarded as extension of Almlöf's method to any molecular point group. The program cuts the CPU time for the transformation to one-third in calculations for C4H8 and NiF6. This reduction is quite significant for large systems having high symmetry.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 175
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Study of Electron-Impact Fragmentation of Benzothiazole DerivativesThe mass spectra of eighteen substituted benzothiazoles are reported and discussed. All these compounds are thermodynamically stable and give an intense molecular ion, which undergoes different types of fragmentation depending on the nature of the substituent which is rarely eliminated directly. β-Cleavage with respect to the heterocyclic double bond is often observed. Specific 2H-, 13C-, 15N- and 34S-labelling have been used in order to confirm the fragmentation patterns.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 693-696 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The base hydrolysis of the optically active title compound proceeds with full racemization whilst the meridional arrangement of the diethylenetriamine ligand is fully retained. The optically active hydroxo complex prepared independently with retention of configuration racemizes ≳ 104 times slower. This unique result is discussed in terms of the classical π-stabilization hypothesis for the base hydrolysis mechanism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 177
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An efficient and flexible method for the preparation of silyl nitronates is described (see 1-10). NMR. spectral investigations indicate a rapid 1,3-silyl migration process, with an activation energy of about 10 kcal mol-1. X-ray crystallographic studies on the silyl nitronates 3 and 8 show structures that lean towards an SN2 retention pathway at silicon.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 178
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Astaxanthin (1; 3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione) isolated from lobster eggs (Homarus gammarus) was unexpectedly found to be a mixture of all three optical isomers as determined by HPLC. analysis of the corresponding diesters of (-)-camphanic acid. This is the first finding of meso-astaxanthin and a meso-carotenoid in general in nature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 728-732 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Enhancement of Detection Sensitivity of Cyclosporin A by Derivatization with 2-NapthylselenylchlorideThe UV./HPLC. detection sensitivity of cyclosporine A 1, an immunosuppressive cyclic undecapeptide containing one D-aminoacid and seven N-methylated aminoacids, is enhanced by a factor of 3-4 (limit of detection 5 ng) by conversion of the characteristic side chain of amino-acid-1 to the β-naphthylseleno-substituted tetrahydrofuran derivative 4.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 180
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: L-Cα-t-Butylglycine (Bug), its amide, methyl ester, and Nα-t-butoxycarbonyl derivative were prepared by an asymmetric synthesis, and the Hansch side-chain hydrophobic (lipophilicity) parameter determined. A new enkephalin analogue, H · Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Bug · NH2 was synthesized which is pharmacologically active in two in vitro assays and strongly resistant against a number of enzymes in vitro.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 832-840 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Reaction of the 1-substituted-3-cyano-isothioureas 6 with hydroxylamine gave mixtures of the 5-amino-3-substituted-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazoles 1 and the isomeric 3-amino-5-substituted-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazoles 8 in which 1 usually predominated. The structural assignment of these products is discussed. In a second method, the 2-hydroxy-1-methyl-1-phenyl-guanidine 15 was converted to the corresponding 3-disubstituted-amino-5-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole 16, a precursor to the 5-amino derivatives 17 by nucleophilic displacement of the trichloromethyl group.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 182
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The 5-amino-3-arylamino-1,2,4-oxadiazoles 2 are conveniently prepared by oxidative cyclization of the arylamidinoureas 10. The process is also capable of producing a variety of the 5-substituted-amino analogs 32 when the appropriately substituted guanidine 31 is employed as the substrate. Two different types of rearrangement leading to triazol-3-ones accompany cyclization depending on the choice of starting material. The structures of the rearranged products were established by X-ray crystallographic analysis and the reaction mechanisms leading to these unexpected products are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 183
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 9,10-Secocholesta-(5Z)-5,8(14),10(19)-triene-3β-ol and 18-Nor-14β-methyl-9,10-secocholesta-(5E)-5,10(19), 13(17)-trien-3β-ol, two new double bond isomers of vitamin D3. Structural modifications of vitamin D3: 5. Communication [1]The present paper reports the synthesis and structure elucidation of the two title compounds. Treatment of the 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolin-3,5-dione adducts of vitamin D3 with BF3O (C2H5)2 and KOH/butanol yields these two new vitamin D3 double bond isomers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 866-871 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An easy approach to the novel adamantane isomer 1,2endo-trimethylenenorbornane (2) is described. Starting from a mixture of pent-4-ynylcyclopentadienes 3 the tricyclic monosaturated key intermediate 5 was prepared by intramolecular cycloaddition (→4) and subsequent regioselective reduction of the C(5), C(6) double bond. The title hydrocarbon 2 was obtained from 5 upon stereoselective hydrogenation by diimide. In addition specifically deuteriated analogues of 2 were prepared applying dideuteriodiimide. Compound 2 rearranged to 2endo, 6endo-trimethylenenorbornane (4-homobrendane, 10) in sulfuric acid as well as with aluminium bromide in carbon disulfide.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 872-886 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Syntheses of Tricyclo [5.2.1.04,8]decane (2-Homobrendane)Three different approaches to tricyclo [5.2.1.04,8] decane (5) (and derivatives thereof), one of the 19 isomeric hydrocarbons of the ‘adamantaneland’, are described: (1) Cyclization of properly functionalized bicyclo [3.2.1]octanes as 32(cyclialkylation), 40+42 (thermocyclization) and 44+45 (photocyclization); (2) Silver-(I)-ion catalyzed rearrangement of 5,7- and 5,10-Dehydroprotoadamantane (63 and 64, respectively) yielding tricyclo[5.2.1.04,8]dec-2- (39) and -5-ene (59), respectively; (3) Thermal eliminative rearrangement of the 10endo-p-toluenesulfonate and -methanesulfonate of protoadamantane (71 and 72) and protoadamant-4-ene (76 and 77), respectively, yielding tricyclo [5.2.1.04,8]dec-2-ene (39) and -2, 5-diene (15), respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 887-891 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The rate of hydrolysis of N-methyl-N-nitrosoamides by aqueous alkalis varies greatly. Methylnitrosourea (1) is hydrolyzed rapidly by aqueous KOH-solutions at low temperatures to give a high yield of diazomethane. Under similar conditions, N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-dinitroso-oxamide (3) is hydrolyzed more slowly, but also gives a good yield of diazomethane. N,N′-Dimethyl-N,N′-dinitrosoterephthal-amide (4), and (N-methyl-N-nitroso)-4-amino-4-methyl-2-pentanone (5) are less easily hydrolyzed by aqueous KOH-solutions. N-Methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide (2) was the least reactive out of those tested. The hydrolysis of diazomethane in toluene with aqueous bases follows first order kinetics. The hydrolysis rate is greatly influenced by the concentration and strength of the base and temperature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 892-898 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: On the Temperature Dependence of the 13C-NMR.-Spectra of Tetracarbonyl (η-(Z)-cyclooctene)iron and of (Z)-CycloocteneReaction of (Z)-cyclooctene (1) with Fe2(CO)9 in pentane at 0° yielded tetracarbonyl(η-(Z)-cyclooctene)iron (2) as a yellow oil which can be stored over a longer period only at -78°.It is shown that the title compounds (1 and 2, respectively) are fluxional.The activation parameters for the conformational C-atom site exchange of (Z)-cyclooctene (1) and tetracarbonyl (η-(Z)-cyclooctene)iron (2) (in CCl2F2) have been determined between 113 K and 151 K for 1 and between 151 K and 205 K for 2, respectively, by a complete line shape analysis of the temperature dependent proton noise-decoupled 13C-NMR. signals of the olefinic C-atom. The kinetic data and activation parameters are given in Tables 1 and 2.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 1412-1419 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Syntheses of some Alkyl, Cycloalkyl and Aryl 2-Aminophenyl SulfonesSyntheses of the alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl 2-aminophenyl sulfones 10 were achieved by oxidation of the corresponding 2-nitrophenyl sulfides 7 to the 2-nitrophenyl sulfones 9 followed by ethanolic Béchamp-reduction. The sulfides 7 in turn were obtained either by reactions of 2-nitro-thiophenol (8) with the appropriate alkyl and cycloalkyl halides or of 2-chloro-nitrobenzene (5) with the relevant thiols. Condensation of 2-nitrobenzenesulfinic acid (3) with bromoacetic acid in aqueous alkaline solution led - presumably via 2-nitrophenylsulfonylacetic acid (4) - to methyl 2 nitrophenyl sulfone (1), reduction of which gave 2-aminophenyl methyl sulfone (2). Treatment of 2-aminothiophenol (11) with t-butyl alcohol in aqueous sulfuric acid gave 2-aminophenyl t-butyl sulfide (12), which was acetylated to o-t-butylthio-acetanilide (13). Oxidation of the latter to o-t-butylsulfonyl-acetanilide (14) followed by hydrolysis led to 2-aminophenyl t-butyl sulfone (15).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 189
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Synthesis of Optically Active Natural Carotenoids and Structurally Related Compounds. V. Synthesis of (3R, 3′R)-, (3S, 3′S)- and (3R,3′S; meso)-zeaxanthin by Asymmetric Hydroboration. A New Approach to Optically Active Carotenoid Building UnitsThe synthesis of (3R, 3′R)-, (3S, 3′S)- and (3R,3′S; meso)-zeaxanthin (1), (19) and (21) is reported utilizing asymmetric hydroboration as the key reaction. Thus, safranol isopropenylmethylether (4) is hydroborated with (+)- and (-)-(IPC)2BH to give the optically pure key intermediates 5 and 7 resp., which are transformed into the above-mentioned C40-compounds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 190
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Oxygenation of solutions containing bis(ethylenediamine) cobalt(II) ions leads to a mixture of diastereomeric forms of μ-peroxo-μ-hydroxo-bis[bis(ethylenediamine) cobalt(III)] cations. The existence of a meso-isomer has now been proved by its isolation as perchlorate and by an X-ray structure determination. The crystals are monoclinic with space group P21/n and lattice constants: a = 19.280, b = 11.984, c = 11.654 Å, β = 99.190°.The UV./VIS. spectra of the isomers are practically identical but show different kinetic behaviour. In acidic solution the meso-isomer decomposes 4 times faster than the racemic form. In alkaline solution the meso-isomer isomerizes to the racemic form. A mechanism which explains all the kinetic observations has been devised.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 191
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: (Z)-5-Benzylidene-2,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-3-thiophenecarboxanilides: Synthesis and Isomerization into 5-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-3-thiophenecarboxanilidesUpon treatment with an arylamine in boiling xylene, the esters I yield predominantly the corresponding anilides II, along with a small but variable amount of the isomeric thiophene derivatives III (Table 1). On the other hand, the derivatives III can be readily prepared by base- or acid-catalyzed isomerization of II. Esters I can also be isomerized to the corresponding thiophene derivatives IV (Scheme 6), but only in the presence of a strong acid (Table 4). The two series of isomers reported in Tables 2 and 3 present spectral differences which allow unambiguous structural assignments. The (Z)-configuration for compounds of Table 2 is confirmed by a NOE study carried out on the O-methyl derivatives 6a and 7a.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 192
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: On the Stereochemistry of the C(8)-Alkylation of 7-Oxo-13,17-secosteroidsIt is shown that the title compounds, e.g. 10, can be alkylated with methyl iodide under strongly basic conditions to afford 8α-methylated products, e.g. 11 (Scheme 1). The configuration was assigned by 13C-NMR.-spectroscopy, CD. measurements, and finally proved by a X-ray crystallographic structure analysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 1615-1618 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The synthesis of 2-methyl-6-(4′-methylphenyl)-l-hepten-3-one (1) and 2-methyl-6-(4′-methylphenyl)-3-heptanone (2), constituents of the oil of Cinnamomum cassia, is described.
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  • 194
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Hydrogen bonds as presented in Figure 2 cannot account for the enantioselective attack of cob(I)alamin (4(I)) or heptamethyl cob(I)yrinate (5(I)) on one of the two enantiotopic faces of the substrates. The attack of the strongly nucleophilic 3dz2 orbital is preferentially directed to the re-side of the starting materials with (Z)-configuration and leads, after the highly stereoselective reductive cleavage of the Co, C bond, to saturated products with (S)-configuration in varying enantiomeric excesses (see Schemes 1, 3 and Table 1).
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 195
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 1,2-Epoxy-Carotenoids. Synthesis of 1,2-Epoxy-lycopene and 1,2,1′,2′-Diepoxy-lycopeneThe synthesis of the naturally occuring 1,2-epoxy-lycopene and of 1,2,1′,2′-diepoxy-lycopene is described.
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 1383-1390 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The Stereoselectivity of the α-Alkylation of (+)-(1R, 2S)-cis-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylateIn continuation of our work on the stereoselectivity of the α-alkylation of β-hydroxyesters [1] [2], we studied this reaction with the title compound (+)-2. The latter was prepared through reduction of 1 with baker's yeast. Alkylation of the dianion of (+)-2 furnished (-)-4 in 72% chemical yield (Scheme 1) and with a stereoselectivity of 95%. Analogously, (-)-7 was prepared with similar yields. Oxidation of (-)-4 and (-)-7 respectively furnished the ketones (-)-6 (Scheme 3) and (-)-8 (Scheme 4) respectively, each with about 76% enantiomeric excess (NMR.). It is noteworthy that yeast reduction of rac-6 (Scheme 3) is completely enantioselective with respect to substrate and product and gives optically pure (-)-4 in 10% yield, which was converted into optically pure (-)-6 (Scheme 3).The alkylation of the dianionic intermediate shows a higher stereoselectivity (95%) from the pseudoequatorial side than that of 1-acetyl- or 1-cyano-4-t-butyl-cyclohexane (71% and 85%) [9] or that of ethyl 2-methyl-cyclohexanecarboxylate (82%). The stereochemical outcome of the above alkylation is comparable with that found in open chain examples [1] [2].Finally (+)-(1R, 2S)-2 was also alkylated with Wichterle's reagent to give (-)-(1S, 2S)-9 in 64% yield. The latter was transformed into (-)-(S)-10 and further into (-)-(S)-11 (Scheme 5). (-)-(S)-10 and (-)-(S)-11 showed an e.e. of 76-78% (see also [11]). Comparison of these results with those in [11] confirmed our former stereochemical assignment concerning the alkylation step.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 1598-1603 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The synthesis, spectral properties and sensory evaluation of chiral oxa-analogues of cis-rose oxide, and of eight corresponding sesquiterpenoid homologues, are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 198
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Following a known procedure, a mixture of (-)-(2S,3R)- and (+)-(2R,3R)-2,3-epoxy-citronellols (5) was prepared from (-)-(R)-linalool (3) via epoxy alcohol 4 and then reduced to (-)-(R)-3-hydroxy-citronellol (6). Sensitized photooxygenation of (-)-(R)-diol 6 led in part to (-)-(R)-triol 8 which was cyclodehydrated by dilute acid to a mixture of diastereoisomeric tetrahydropyran-4-ols 9 and 10. Dehydration of hydroxy ethers 9 and 10 afforded (-)-(S)-nerol oxide (11) and (+)-(R)-nerol oxide (12), respectively, with an optical purity of 91%. Nerol oxide isolated from Bulgarian rose oil (0.038%) proved to be racemic. These results shed some light on the formation of nerol oxide in plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 1609-1614 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Chemical shifts of 13C- and 1H-NMR. spectra of vitamin D3 metabolites (2-7) are assigned. Substituent effect parameters due to hydroxyl groups are deduced by comparison with vitamin D3.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 1644-1653 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Carbohydrate Derivatives Bearing a gem-Dihalogenoethenyl GroupTreated with the appropriate Wittig reagent, aldehydosugar derivatives (1-13) led in good to excellent yields to the expected gem-difluoro, gem-chlorofluoro-and/or gem-dichloroenoses (14-29). Examples of their dibromo analogues had been previously described (see e.g. [1]) but the diiodo derivatives could not be isolated, The influence of the conditions on the yields is reported as well as spectroscopic properties (particularly the long-range 13C, 19F- and 1H, 19F-coupling constants) of these new enoses.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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