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  • 1980-1984  (3,047)
  • 1982  (3,047)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,047)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130201
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explosive Welding of metallic glasses onto metalsVortrag, II. EWM-Symposium, Novosibirsk, Sept. 1981. (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 44-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Explosivschweißen von metallischen Gläsern auf MetalleVerschiedene Arten von metallenen Gläsern der Dicke 40-45 μm werden explosiv auf Metalle plattiert. Die Explosivdaten (Menge und Detonationsgeschwindigkeit des Explosivstoffes) werden in einem großen Bereich systematisch variiert, um verschiedene Kollisionsparameter einzustellen. Es wurde gefunden, daß unter Explosivschweißbedingungen metallische Gläser sich einer plastischen Verformung in verschiedener Weise unterziehen. Bis zu einer Kollisionsgeschwindigkeit von vk = 2300 m/s weist metallisches Glas eine Deformation allein in Scherbändern auf, die zu Rissen in der ebenen Verbindung mit Metallen führt. Bei höheren Geschwindigkeiten stellt sich ein homogener Deformationsmodus ein und die Verbindungsschicht ist dann von welliger Natur.
    Notes: Different metallic glasses of 40-45 μm thickness were explosively cladded onto metals. The explosive data (amount of explosive and detonation velocity) were changed systematically in a wide range in order to obtain different collision parameters. It was found, that under conditions of explosive welding metallic glasses undergo plastic deformation in different manners. Up to a collision point velocity of vk = 2300 m/s metglas reveals only a shear band deformation mode, leading to many fractures at the plane interphase between metallic glass and metal. At higher velocities a homogeneous type of deformation is observed. The interphase is of wavy nature then.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130204
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Corrosion Behavior of a ferritic 18 Cr-2 Mo-steel (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 8-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Korrosionsverhalten eines ferritischen 18 Cr-2 Mo-StahlsVersuche in Rheinwasser sollten das Lochfraß-, Spaltkorrosions- und Spannungsrißkorrosionsverhalten des 18 Cr-2 Mo-Stahls klären.Neben der Durchführung von Autoklavenversuchen wurden auch Versuchswärmetauscher hergestellt und betrieben. Die Flußwassertemperaturen lagen bei 80, 100 und 130°C, der Chloridgehalt bei max 400 ppm. Der Einfluß von Schweißzusatzdrähten, der Schweißverbindung Austenit/18 Cr-2 Mo, die Möglichkeiten der Rohrbodenfertigung (Auftragsschweißung, Explosionsplattierung) wurden geprüft.Aufgrund der ausgezeichneten Spannungsrißkorrosionsbeständigkeit und ausreichenden Lochfraßbeständigkeit ist der 18 Cr-2 Mo-Stahl für einen Einsatz in Kühlsystemen geeignet Röhrenwärmetauscher mit Rohren bis 3 mm Dicke sind herstellbar. Ferner könen explosionsplattierte oder auftragsgeschweißte Böden gefertigt werden. Eine Kombination von 18/8-CrNi-Stahl (z. B. Rohrboden) und 18 Cr-2 Mo-Stahl (Rohr) ist möglich. Falls eine ausreichende Beständigkeit des 18 Cr-2 Mo-Stahls gegen das zu kühlende Produkt vorliegt, ist der Werkstoff eine wirtschaftliche Alternative zu den spannungsrißkorrosionsgefährdeten austenitischen CrNi-(Mo)-Stahl-Typen.
    Notes: The investigations carried out with 18 Cr-2 Mo steel were aimed at its behavior under pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking conditions. This was done in autoclave laboratory experiments and under experimental heat exchanger conditions in Rhine river water with a chloride content of max. 400 ppm. The test temperatures were 80, 100 and 130°C. Model heat exchangers were fabricated and operated to investigate the influence of filler materials and weld joints between the ferritic 18 Cr-2 Mo steel and a standard austenitic steel. The possibilities of fabricating tube sheets by applying a weld overlay and using explosive bonding were explored.18 Cr-2 Mo steel has been shown to be suited for applications in cooling water systems which have a chloride content of 400 ppm. No stress corrosion cracking occurs under such conditions. Tubes with a wall thichness up to 3 mm have sufficient toughness. Tube sheets can be made of boiler plate protected by an explosive cladding or a weld overlay of 18 Cr-2 Mo. A combination of Type 321 or 304 L and 18 Cr-2 Mo is possible. Provided 18 Cr-2 Mo is sufficiently resistant to the product to be cooled, it is an alternative to austenitic CrNi-(Mo) steels (e.g. AISI 304) when stress corrosion cracking is likely to occur.
    Additional Material: 32 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130103
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanik der Festkörperreibung Von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans Krause und Dipl.-Ing. Gerhard Poll. 1980. VIII, 88 Seiten, 59 Bilder, DIN A 5. Kart. DM 29,- ISBN3-l18-400469-4 (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 35-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130107
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. A10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: No. Abstract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130202
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sprödbruch und Bruchmechanik. Von Dipl.-Ing. W. Bathke, Dipl.-Ing. H. Barthelmeß, Fachbibliographie Schweißtechnik, 1. Auflage, Deutscher Verlag für Schweißtechnik GmbH, Düsseldorf 1981, 137 Seiten, 60,- DM (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 148-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130413
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. A41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130416
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nachrichten - Hinweise (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. A49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130507
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Volumenabhängigkeit von KIC-Daten mit Hilfe einer modifizierten Weibullstatistik (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 254-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A Modified Weibull Statistics of Ceramic KIC DataAn explanation is given for the standard deviation of KIC-data and for the dependence of KIC values measured with ceramic materials on the specimen volume (specimen thickness). The probability distribution of measured KIC-data is described by a modified Weibull theory. The theory is verified by experimental data using specimens with different thickness and a through the thickness notch. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory.
    Notes: Es wird eine Erklärung für die in der Praxis auftretenden Streuungen experimentell an Keramiken gewonnener KIC-Daten und deren Abhängigkeit vom Probenvolumen (Probenbreite) angegeben. Weiter wird die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung empirischer KIC-Werte mit einem der Weibulltheorie analogen Modell quantitativ beschrieben und dieses Modell experimentell überprüft. Gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Theorie und Experiment wird gefunden.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130706
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Werkstoffverhalten beim Schwungradreibschweißen von Superlegierungen (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 258-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Material Response in Inertia Welding of SuperalloysThe paper summarizes by means of investigation results on the forged alloy Waspaloy how the strength of inertia bonds is generated by the material response with respect to the precipitating phase Ni3Al.Metallography, TEM-results and computer calculations indicate which kind of precipitation can be expected and that the influence of heat input during welding can be compensated by an appropriate post weld heat treatment.Different material response is found in welded cast and PM-superalloys, where investigations are going on.
    Notes: Anhand von Untersuchungsergebnissen an der geschmiedeten Legierung Waspaloy wird dargestellt, wie dei Festigkeit einer Schwungradreibschweißung durch das Werkstoffverhalten in Bezug auf die Ausscheidungsphase Ni3Al beeinflußt wird.Metallographische Untersuchungen, TEM-Ergebnisse und Rechnungen zeigen, mit welchen Ausscheidungen zu rechnen ist und daß sich der Einfluß der Wärmeeinbringung beim Schweißen durch Wärmenachbehandlung weitgehend wieder rückgängig machen läßt.Die Schweißung von PM-Werkstoffen und Gußlegierungen ergibt andere Verhältnisse, auf die hingewiesen wird.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130707
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die praxisnahe Ermittlung der Anfälligkeit hochlegierter Stähle für chloridinduzierte Spannungsrißkorrosion Neueste Erkenntnisse über die Aussagefähigkeit verschiedener PrüfverfahrenMitteilung aus dem Sonderforschungsbereich 152 „Oberflächentechnik“ an der TH Darmstadt. (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Methods for Testing Sensitivity of Higher Alloyed Steels to Cl-Induced SCC - Reducing the Results to PracticeResistance of stainless Cr-Ni-steels against stress-corrosioncracking - Laboratory-tests - Comparison and interpretation of the different results with regard to practice.
    Notes: Prüfverfahren zur Ermittlung der Beständigkeit hochlegierter Cr-Ni-Stähle gegen Spannungsrißkorrosion - Vergleich der Aussagefähigkeit verschiedener Methoden - Übertragung auf die Praxis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130804
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lubrication fundamentals. Von J. George Wills, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Basel, 1981, 465 Seiten, zahlreiche Bilder und Tabellen, ISBN 0-8247-6976-7 (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 298-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130810
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herstellung von verzahnungstragenden Werkstücken durch KaltfließpressenVortrag auf dem Symposium „Neue Verfahren der Massivumformung“, Bad Nauheim, 22. und 23. 10. 1981 (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cold Forging of Tooth-profiled Components and Bevel GearsMetal forming of complicated shaped, high loaded components is applied to increase the mechanical properties of the material. High production rates and cost saving production are the economical reasons for the growing market of cold forged accurate serial parts with ready-for-assembly shape. This report describes the production of such parts. Problems of accuracy, interchangeability and tooling are discussed therein. This report gives also important indications as to the finishing the bodies of bevel gears by machining and grinding after case hardening. Fatigue properties and impact values of cold forged parts are discussed finally.
    Notes: Umformverfahren werden zur Verbesserung mechanisch-technologischer Stoffeigenschaften und wegen der produktiven, kostensparenden Herstellung vermehrt auf hochbeanspruchte, kompliziert geformte, genaue, in Wirkflächen einbaufertige Serienwerkstücke angewandt. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird die Herstellung solcher Teile durch Kaltfließpressen beschrieben. Es werden Fragen der Genauigkeit, des Austauschbaues sowie Werkzeugfragen beleuchtet. Die Ausführungen enthalten wichtige Hinweise für die spanende Fertigbearbeitung des Radkörpers von Kegelzahnrädern und werden mit einer Beschreibung mechanisch-technologischer Eigenschaften kaltfließgepreßter, verzahnter Werkstücke abgeschlossen.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820130903
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anwendung der Kreuzkorrelation mit Ultraschall-CS-Impulsen am Beispiel schallstreuender Werkstoffe (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 388-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of cross correlation to grain scattering materials using controlled ultrasonic signalsInvestigations are presented which show, that cross correlation analysis (matched filter) enables to increase the flaw detection sensitivity of reflectors in grain scattering materials.The practical application of cross correlation techniques can drastically be simplified by using controlled signals which already include the correlation function. Measurements prove, that the results are in good agreement with the usual, more expensive correlation techniques. The main advantage is, that cross correlation with aid of CS-pulses can be achieved with the same speed as in conventional ultrasonic testing.
    Notes: Es werden Untersuchungsergebnisse vorgestellt, die belegen, daß Verfahren der Korrelationsanalyse (matched filter) in der Lage sind, die Nachweisempfindlichkeit von Reflektoren in schallstreuenden Werkstoffen zu verbessern.Es wird ein neues Konzept zur praktischen Durchführung von Korrelationsanalysen erarbeitet, bei dem die Korrelationsfunktion bereits in CS-Sendeimpulsen enthalten ist. Die Messungen ergeben, daß sich die Ergebnisse praktisch nicht von der wesentlich aufwendigeren empfangsseitigen Korrelationsanalyse unterscheiden. Als wesentlicher Vorteil ergibt sich, daß die Prüfgeschwindigkeit gegenüber der üblichen Ultraschallprüfung nicht verringert wird.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820131106
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  • 115
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    Das Verhalten von galvanisch verzinktem unlegiertem Vergütungsstahl bei schwingender und stoßartiger BeanspruchungMitteilung aus dem Fachbereich Werkstofftechnik der FH Osnabrück, Albrechtstraße 30, D-4500 Osnabrück. (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 402-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Behaviour of Zinc Coated Unalloyed Quenched and Subsequently Tempered Steel with Cyclic and Impact StressWith many experiments was shown the influence of hydrogen embrittlement on zinc coated specimens of high strength quenched and subsequently tempered steel with cyclic and impact stress.The influence of hydrogen depends on the structure of the material and on the storing time between the end of zinc coating and the start of loading. Therefore zinc coated pieces of high strength quenched and subsequently tempered steel should be stored after galvanizing. Then there will be no hydrogen embrittlement in cyclic or impact stress.
    Notes: Durch leicht reproduzierbare Untersuchungen wird nachgewiesen, daß der beim galvanischen Verzinken evtl. von der Probenoberfläche aufgenommene diffusible Wasserstoff - hier absichtlich neben dem Zink kathodisch mit abgeschieden - nur in einer begrenzten Zeitspanne vom Ende der Oberflächenbehandlung an gerechnet, das Bauteilverhalten bei dynamischer und stoßartiger Beanspruchung beeinflußt. Der normalgeglühte Gefügezustand wird in seinem Versprödungsverhalten mit einem schlecht vergüteten d. h. eigenspannungsbehafteten Material verglichen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820131108
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  • 116
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    Metallische Gläser - Werkstoffgruppe der Zukunft? (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 407-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Metallic Glasses - Engineering Materials of the Future?At first, structure, limits of stability, and production of metallic glasses are mentioned. Metallic materials with glass structure can show interesting magnetic, chemical, and mechanical properties. Special emphasis is given to the possibilities of characterization and improvement of mechanical behaviour under static, cyclic, and frictional loading conditions. Finally, the perspectives of application of these new materials are discussed.
    Notes: Im ersten Teil werden Aufbau, Grenzen der Stabilität und Herstellung metallischer Gläser kurz behandelt. Metallische Werkstoffe mit Glasstruktur können besondere magnetische, chemische und mechanische Eigenschaften zeigen. Besonders eingegangen wird auf die Möglichkeiten der Kennzeichnung und Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften unter statischer, schwingender und Reibbeanspruchung. Schließlich werden die Zukunftsaussichten der Anwendung dieser neuen Werkstoffgruppe erörtert.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820131205
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  • 117
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    Vorkommen, Verhüttung, Herstellung, Verarbeitung, Eigenschaften, Verwendung. Bearbeiter: Dipl.-Ing. B. F. Muller, Geschäftsführer der Zinn-Informations GmbH, Düsseldorf 2, verb. und erw. Auflage 1981, 308 S., mit zahlr. Abb., tabellarischen Übersichten, Zahlentafeln, Diagrammen, flex. Plastikeinband, DM 56,-. ISBN 3-7785-0634-X, Metail-Verlag GmbH, Im Weiher 10, D-6900 Heidelberg (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 439-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820131210
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  • 118
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    Gleitlager. Berechnung und Konstruktion von Gleitlagern mit konstanter und zeitlich veränderlicher Belastung. Von Dr.-Ing. Otto Robert Lung und Dr.-Ing. Wuldernur Steinhilper. Band 31 der Konstruktionsbücher. Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York 1978. XI, 414 Seiten mit 252 Abbildungen, 54 Tabellen und 6 Arbeitsblättern. Gebunden DM 148,- (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 440-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19820131212
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  • 119
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    Theoretical considerations of membrane fouling and its treatment with immobilized enzymes for protein ultrafiltration (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ultrafiltration process was modelled in three separate stages with distinctive time constants. It was shown that in the first stage lasting less than 5 s a quasi-steady-state concentration profile is reached on the membrane/solution interface. In the second stage of 1-10-min solute adsorption on the membrane surface including the pores controls the permeation rate. The third stage is governed by a reaction mechanism which produces a surface gel causing flux decline at a slower rate than in the previous adsorption step. This polymerization of the protein to a gel on the membrane was shown to be second order in the interface protein concentrations. A reproducible and inexpensive method has been developed to attach food-grade proteases onto UF membranes by producing a primary adsorbed layer of enzyme which then retards the rate of gel formation on the ultrafilter. This resulted in 25-78% improvement in cumulative permeate yield in a standard 22-h run when processing 0.5% albumin or hemoglobin. The enhanced fluxes with self-cleaning membranes were modelled by incorporating an enzyme activity term to counteract the deposition of gel on the membrane surface and altering the apparent order of the gelation reaction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270103
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  • 120
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    Studies of the effect of titanate coupling agent on the performance of polypropylene-calcium carbonate compositeIPCL communication no. 39. (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 97-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Composites of polypropylene - CaCO3 coated with isopropoxy triisostearoyl titanate have been prepared on Buss Ko-Kneader. These composites have been evaluated for mechanical properties, melt index, dispersion, and adhesion of polymer to filler using the scanning electron microscope. Calcium carbonate being a platelike substance with low aspect ratio results in composites having inferior tensile properties but superior impact characteristics. Uniform dispersion of filler in the composite and long alkyl chains of the coupling agent provide additional advantages such as improved melt index, higher tensile elongation, and better optical properties.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270111
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  • 121
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    Role of molecular parameters during flow of polymer solutions in unconsolidated porous media (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In order to understand the molecular behavior of polymers during flow through porous media, five polymers with varying degree of amide-carboxylate group ratio in partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides were selcted, and the flow properties of their dilute solutions were measured in unconsolidated porous media. It has been found that adsorption of the polymers at the surface during flow, which plays an important role in permeability reduction, largely depends on the flexibility of the linear chains and electrostatic nature of the porous matrix. The flexibility of the chain is explained on the nature and ratio of groups attached on linear—C—C—Chains, e.g., varying degree of NH2 and COOH groups in partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides in the experiment.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270114
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  • 122
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    Particle size dispersion during latex growth (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 363-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The evolution of the latex particle diameter distribution during batch emulsion polymerization is investigated, with emphasis on changes in the breadth of the size distribution. A model utilizing a surface area-dependent volumetric growth rate of a single particle results in a time-invariant standard deviation of the size distribution during periods of particle growth only. This behavior is reconciled with some experimental observations by considering the occurrence of particle nucleation during some part of the growth interval. Conclusions based on the results of the model suggest that higher inhibitor and low emulsifier concentrations favor narrow particle size distributions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270204
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  • 123
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    Preparation and reactions of epoxy-modified polyethylene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 425-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Epoxy-modified polyolefins have been prepared by the radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate to polymer melts. The reactions of these materials with amines and carboxylic acids were investigated. The modified polymers undergo typical epoxide reactions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270208
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  • 124
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    Modeling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) reactors. II. A continuous transesterification processNCL Communication No. 2746. (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 471-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A comprehensive mathematical model for a continuous transesterification process has been built so as to enable prediction of the influence of different process and operational variables on productivity and by-product formation. The influence of temperatures and temperature profiles, of residence time and residence time distribution, and also of the number of reactors in series has been investigated. The modeling has been done as close to the industrial practice as possible. Important pragmatic implications from the point of view of operation of continuous transesterification are highlighted.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270212
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  • 125
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    Photochemical grafting of acrylated azo dyes onto polymeric surfaces. V. Grafting of some acryloxy-substituted aromatic diazenes as model molecules onto polypropylene, polycaprolactam, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) films (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 527-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Photochemically induced grafting (1) and graft polymerization (2) from N,N-dimethylformamide solutions of four acryloxy-substituted aromatic diazenes, chosen as model molecules of acryloxy azo dyes, were investigated kinetically at 25°C onto polypropylene, polycaprolactam, and poly(ethylene terephtalate) films, by polychromatic irradiations. Quantum efficiencies at zero concentration of dyes and lifetimes of excited states for processes (1) and (2) were evaluated from experimental data by Stern-Volmer plots. The surface density of grafted molecules at the end of process (1) was not affected by the concentration of dyes in solution, but varied sensibly with the chemical nature of polymers and dyes. The relevant parameters are discussed on the basis of the proposed mechanism.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270216
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  • 126
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    Miscibility of poly(caprolactone)/chlorinated polypropylene and poly(caprolactone)/poly(chlorostyrene) blends (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 559-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was blended with poly(chlorostyrene) (PSCI) and chlorinated polypropylene (PPCl). A single glass transition temperature Tg was found for these mixtures, indicating their miscibility. PCL crystallizes in these blends when the chlorinated polymer content is not too high. Otherwise, Tg becomes higher than the melting point of PCL and the high viscosity of the medium hinders the crystallization. The miscibility of PCL/PPCI blends cannot be due to hydrogen bonding between the α-hydrogens of the chlorinated polymer and the carbonyl group of the polyester since PPCI does not have available a large number of α-hydrogens. It is suggested that a dipoledipole —C=O…Cl—C— interaction is responsible for the observed miscibility phenomenon and that this interaction is probably also responsible for the miscibility between all other polyesterchlorinated polymer mixtures. Finally, it was observed that poly(α-methyl-α-n-propyl-β-propiolactone), poly(α-methyl-α-ethyl-β-propiolactone) and poly(valerolactone) are not miscible with PSCI or PPCl, despite the fact that they are miscible with poly(vinyl chloride).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270219
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  • 127
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    Reverse osmosis rejection by hydrous inorganic precipitate-cellulose composite membrane (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 621-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Composit membranes were prepared by impregnating hydrous inorganic precipites (Fe and Cr oxides, nickel chromate or molybdate) into a cellulose acetate membrane which serves as a support. In these membranes, the hydrous iron oxide composite membrane showed high reverse osmosis properties. The permeability of the composite membrane did not decline with time, and the rejection of organic solute was not appreciably affected by impregnation. However, the rejection of electrolyte increased with impregnation. The measurements of membrane potential revealed that salt rejection is primarily attributable to the effect of membrane charge, i.e., to ion exclusion effect. In electrolyte solutions of 1:1 and 2:1, the membrane was anion selective; on the other hand, in electrolyte solution of 1:2, the membrane was cation selective. These results are characteristic of impregnated hydrous metal oxide.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270224
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  • 128
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    Calculation of dielectric loss of gamma relaxation process in polyethylene at low temperature (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 649-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method has been investigated to obtain the absorption intensity of the dielectric γ relaxation process in polyethylene by calculation. A correlation factor for evaluation of the effective dipole moment of polar groups in solid polyethylene is introduced on the assumption that with expanding distribution of relaxation time and/or increasing temperature, the extent of the canceled dipole moment due to the orientation motions of the polar groups under an alternating electric field will increase. Comparison of the calculated dielectric loss tangent with the observed one supports the assumption.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270228
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  • 129
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    Plastic zones at the tips of inclined cracks in glassy polymers under small scale yieldingCorrected proofs received January 11, 1982 (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 879-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A thorough study of the shape and size of plastic zones developed around cracks subjected to combined opening-mode and sliding-mode loading conditions in glassy polymers under small scale yielding was undertaken. Two pressure-modified von Mises yield criteria which take into account the characteristic behavior of glassy polymers expressed by the dependence of their yield locus on the hydrostatic stress component and the difference in their tensile and compressive yield stresses were used. The case of an infinite plate subjected to a uniaxial uniform stress at an arbitrary inclination with respect to the axis of the crack was considered. From the whole study useful results concerning the dependence of the shape and size of plastic zones on the crack inclination angle, the Poisson's ratio, and the ratio of the compressive to tensile yield stress of the plate were derived.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270308
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  • 130
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    Physical properties of polyester fibers degraded by aminolysis and by alkalin hydrolysis (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 247-257 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Permeant degradation affects the brittleness, flexural fatigue, and ultimate tensile properties of polyester fibers more drastically than topochemical degradation. Topochemical degradation was obtained by hydrolysis with aqueous NaOH and permeant degradation by aminolysis with aqueous ethylamine. Treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide appears to leave the polyester fiber surfaces more resistant to abrasion damage.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270126
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  • 131
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    Mechanical behavior and structure of single beads of homogeneous and macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 277-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The stress-stain and ultimate behavior in compression of homogeneous and macroporous beads of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers has been investigated in the dry state or in equilibrium with toluene, acetone, methanol, and water. The penetration modulus A indicates sensitively the transition from the glassy into the rubbery state induced by an increase in temperature or swelling. For macroporous copolymers, A of the glassy polymers is mainly determined by the porosity P, while in the rubbery region it primarily depends on the matrix structure (degree of crosslinking and concentration and composition of the diluent). The high value of the slope s of the A vs. P dependence (s ∼ -3) for macroporous copolymers is evidence of the complex deformation mechanism (bucking of pore walls). The relative compression at break, εb=0.3-0.4, is independent of the composition, and the compressive strength is roughly proportional to the penetration modulus.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270129
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  • 132
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    Vapor sorption characteristics of condensable hydrocarbon vapor in low-density polyethylene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 331-339 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sorption characteristics of vapors of pure hydrocarbon and their binary mixtures in low-density polyethylene were studied under various conditions of temperature and pressure. A new apparatus devised and utilized for the determination of composition of sorbed vapor in case of binary mixtures is described. The study demonstrates the effect of the presence of one component within the polymer on the sorption of another and also the occurrence of selectivity in sorption.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270201
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  • 133
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    Use of broad distribution polymers and GPC methods for estimation of Mark-Houwink-Sakurada constants (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1081-1085 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270326
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  • 134
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    Photoreduction of ferric chloride in poly(vinyl alcohol) film (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1095-1097 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270329
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  • 135
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    New epoxy resins. I. The stability of epoxy-trialkoxyboroxines triaryloxyboroxine systemCorrected proofs received January 28, 1982 (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1177-1190 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A polymer with high aromaticity and/or cyclic ring structures chain backbone usually has high heat, thermal, and flame resistance. Two diglycidyl ethers of bisphenols were prepared from 4,4′ isopropylidenediphenol (DGEBA) and 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene (DGEBF) for evaluation. Four boroxines - trimethoxyboroxine (TMB), triethoxyboroxine (TEB), triisopropoxyboroxine (TIPB) and triphenoxyboroxine (TPB) - were used as the curing agents. DGEBA and DGEBF cured with various boroxines indicate that the trend for their respective glass transition temperature (Tg's), degradation temperatures (Td's), and gel fractions are TMB-cured epoxy ≈ TEB-cured epoxy 〈 TIPB cured epoxy 〈 TPB cured epoxy. The DGEBF system usually has a higher Tg, Td, gel fraction, oxygen index (OI), and char yield than the related DGEBA system. DGEBF/DGEBA (80/20 mol ratio) shows a synergistic effect in regard to char formation. This effect exists not only in the copolymer system but also in blended homopolymers of the separately cured resins. A modified mechanism for the polymerization of phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) with TMB has been proposed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270407
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  • 136
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    Mass transfer effects in polycondensation reactors wherein functional groups are not equally reactive (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1217-1231 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three simplified models of polycondensation reactors are considered in which the condensation product is continuously removed by application of vacuum. Reversible polycondensation reactions of monomers violating the equal reactivity hypothesis have been simulated in these reactors. The effect of various rate and reactor design variables on the molecular weight distribution (MWD) and its moments is studed. It is observed that when the reverse reactions are rapid, the results are fairly sensitive to the level of vacuum applied and to the mass transfer resistance; whereas when the forward reactions predominate, results lie very close to earlier plots for the corresponding irreversible polymerizations. These reactor variables then have relatively small influence on the MWD. Splitting of the MWD curves for odd and even values on n is observed under certain conditions, the effects being more pronounced in the presence of mass transfer than in its absence.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270411
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  • 137
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    Studies on synthetic-polymer plates with high surface energy. II. Diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate)-unsaturated carboxylic acid system (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 545-558 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer plates with high surface energy were prepared by the procedure described in the previous paper, using diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate) as a substrate polymer and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as a hydrophilic monomer. By the alkali treatment (immersing in an aqueous 0.1N NaOH solution for 2 h), the resulting polymer plates had good water wettability (contact angle for water = 10°) and sufficient mar resistance (the scratching hardness = 45-50 g) in a dry state, and their clarities were higher than those for DAP systems previously reported. The surface densities of carboxyl groups on the polymer plate estimated by use of the McBain's equation were 0.18-0.46 molecule/Å2.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270218
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  • 138
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    Morphology and mechanical properties of radiation-polymerized urethane-acrylates. I. Pure oligomers (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 591-600 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The morphology of electron beam cured polyacrylo-urethane films based on polyethylene adipate and toluene diisocyanate was characterized to explain their mechanical properties. The polyacrylo-urethane films have a one-phase morphology in which the hard urethane segments and the soft polyester segments are homogeneously mixed. The films obtained from 1000-molecular-weight oligomer are hard and somewhat brittle due to their one-phase morphology in which hard glassy segments play a dominant role. The films obtained from 4600- and 6000-molecular-weight oligomers are soft and tough, once again due to their one-phase morphology in which soft rubbery segments are more effective. The original crystalline structure of 6000-molecular-weight oligomer is retained in the precrystallized γ-irradiated film, but electron-beam-irradiated films showed partial melting of the crystallites due to the heat of polymerization. The solid state polymerized films have a lower eleongation, a higher modulus, and a higher breaking strength due to their crystallinity.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270222
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  • 139
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    Interdependence of structure and properties in segmented polyurethanes (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 645-647 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: On the basis of Clough and Schneider's studies, who investigated segmented polyurethanes with the use of DSC, we assumed that warming may lead to morphological changes in these compounds. We warmed polymers for 10 h in argon atmosphere at 130°. Morphological changes occurring in polyurethanes at a modified temperature were confirmed with an electron microscope and were found to affect to a high degree the mechanical properties of the polymer investigated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270227
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  • 140
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    Use of a dynamic mechanical analyzer to study supported polymers (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1243-1248 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The real and imaginary parts of the complex modulus of polymers which must be supported can be determined with the Du Pont Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer. Polymer coatings of equal thickness are laminated on both sides of a thin metal sheet. The flexural modulus of the laminate is given by E = E1X3 + E2(1 - x3) where E1 and E2 are the moduli of the metal and the polymer, respectively, and x is the thickness fraction of metal. Under some conditions, the dynamic viscosity of the polymer can also be determined.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270413
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  • 141
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    Emissivity of chlorinated polyethylene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1293-1300 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The emissivity of chlorinated polyethylene containing varying amounts of combined chlorine has been investigated. It was found that the emissivity of these compounds increases significantly with increase in chlorination.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270418
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  • 142
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    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of polymer-coated optical fibers using a torsion pendulum (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1301-1311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A freely oscillating torsion pendulum has been used to characterize the dynamic mechanical behavior of single polymer-coated optical fibers. The dynamical mechanical spectra of the polymer coatings exhibit a glass transition temperature (Tg), a cryogenic glassy-state relaxation (Tsec), and another cryogenic relaxation that is attributed to water present in the coating (TH2O). The shear modulus (G′) of the coating was computed from the shear moduli of the composite specimen and the core, assuming that the coating and core deform through the same angle on oscillation. The glassy-state modulus was the same for both thin and thick coatings, although the intensity of the damping peaks, as measured by the logarithmic decrement, increased with coating thickness. Comparison of the dynamic mechanical behavior of a coated optical fiber and of a free film cast from the same reactive components shows that the polymer itself can absorb water at ambient conditions and display a mechanical relaxation at cryogenic temperatures. The T., H2O and Tsec relaxations are coupled with respect to their intensities. Latent chemical reactivity was found in one coating above its maximum temperature of cure. In this, the temperature of cure determines the glass transition temperature.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270419
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  • 143
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    Electronic Resource
    Rheological properties of liquid crystalline copolyesters (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1343-1354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Copolyesters were synthesized by modifying poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with p-acetoxybenzoic acid (PAB) and hydroquinone diacetate/tetrasubstituted (tetramethyl, tetrachloro, and tetabromo) terephthalic acid (HQTS). It was found that the copolyesters containing 33 mol% or higher concentrations of (PAB+HQTS) from mesomorphic liquid crystalline structures. Rheological properties of copolyesters formed of PET, modified with PAB and hydroquinone diacetate/tetramethyl terephthalic acid (HQTM), were measured using a cone-and-plate rheometer. It was found that the copolyesters in the mesomorphic state exhibit yield values at a low shear rate (or at a low shear stress), and negative values of first normal stress difference were observed for certain compositions of (PAB+HQTM), over the range of shear rates (or shear stresses) tested.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270424
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  • 144
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    Electronic Resource
    Fibrous support for immobilization of enzymes (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1665-1674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fiber support incorporating various aminoacetal functional groups has been developed for immobilizing enzymes. The aminated PVA fiber seems to adsorb enzymes with electrostatic force of attraction; thus the immobilization procedure is simple. By the use of this fiber having immobilized enzymes, the reaction between enzymes and substrates is nearly independent of the size of subtstrates. This newly developed type of fiber, which is formed by a mass superfine fibers (SFF), each measuring 1 μm or less in diameter, permits much more increased surface area than the conventional enzyme immobilization supports. Our studies of the properties of the fiber for immobilization of enzymes show the following results: (1) SFF has a greater ability for the immobilization of invertase than ordinary fibers; (2) dimethyl-aminated SFF has the best performance for the immobilization of invertase. From these results, it is concluded that the dimethyl-aminated SFF is an excellent support for the immobilization of invertase.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270523
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  • 145
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    The effect of molecular weight on fatigue crack propagation in nylon 66 and polyacetal (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1707-1717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of molecular weight on fatigue and fracture behavior in nylon 66 (N66) and polyacetal (PA) is examined. Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) resistance and apparent fracture toughness (Kcf) in these two semicrystalline polymers increase with increasing molecular weight in a manner consistent with that reported for another semicrystalline polymer (HDPE) as well as for several amorphous polymers. The improved FCP resistance with increasing molecular weight is attributed to the development of a molecular entanglement network that more effectively resists cyclic-load-induced breakdown. A type of discontinous crack growth is identified in PA at 100Hz and in N66 (2.6% H2O) at 50 Hz and compared with that observed in amorphous polymers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270527
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  • 146
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    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of reversible nylon-66 polymerization in homogeneous continuous-flow stirred tank reactors (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1759-1769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experimental data of Ogata1 has been curve-fitted to obtain the forward and reverse rate constants for nylon-66 polymerization. Its molecular weight distribution (MWD) has been simulated in homogeneous continuous-flow stirred tank reactors (HCSTR) for 11 h of residence time when the reaction mass is very close to equilibrium. The set of algebraic equations have been solved using Brown's algorithm,2 which was found to be more efficient compared to the Gauss-Jordon techniques of solution. The MWD thus obtained is compared with our earlier simulation of the molecular weight distribution from batch reactors3 and was found to differ significantly. In HCSTR, the weight fraction distribution does not undergo a maximum and the polydispersity index ρ of the polymer formed is much higher than that obtained from batch reactors. The number and weight average of the polymer formed in HCSTR is found to be significantly lower.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270532
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  • 147
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    Grafting vinyl monomers onto silk fibers. XV. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto silk using thallium (III) as initiator (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1903-1911 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto silk initiated by thallium (III) perchlorate was investigated in aqueous medium. The rate of grafting was evaluated varying the concentration of monomer, initiator, and acid, and the temperature. The graft yield was found to increase with increasing the monomer and initiator concentrations. The graft yield was found to decrease with increasing the acid concentration. The effect of inhibitors and various solvents on the graft yield was studied. From the Arrhenius plot the overall activation energy was found to be 4.2 kcal/mol. A suitable kinetic scheme has been proposed, and a rate equation has been derived.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270605
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  • 148
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    Melt rheology of blends of semicrystalline polymers. I. Degradation and viscosity of poly(ethylene terephthalate)-polyamide-6,6 mixtures (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1913-1931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Melt rheology of poly(ethylene terephthalate)-polyamide-6,6, and their blends was studied between 240°C and 300°C, in capillary and rotational rheometers. The flow curves were determined in the range of rate shear from about 10-2to 105 (s-1). The results indicate a considerable degree of compatibility, presence of associations between the two types of macromolecules, and cocrystallization. A new mechanism of flow for the blends has been proposed. The study also considers the kinetics of thermal degradation.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270606
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  • 149
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    Rheological properties of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile-grafted cellulose (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1995-2008 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rheological properties of aqueous dispersions of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile-grafted cellulose (H-CPAN) have been investigated. The experimental results are consistent with the idea that the elementary particle is a rigid cellulose protofibril stabilized in suspension by associated polyelectrolyte side chains (polyacrylamide-polyacrylic acid copolymer grafts). The behavior of intrinsic viscosity with electrolyte concentration, the concentration depependence and shear dependence of the viscosity and of the steady-state and dynamic shear moduli are qualitatively explained on this basis.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270612
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  • 150
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    Preparation and gas permeability of polymer blend membranes of polystyrene and poly[1,1,1-tris(trimethylsiloxy)methacrylate propylsilane] (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2025-2032 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The gas permeability of O2 and CO2 was sutidied for various polymer blend membranes of polystyrene (PSt) and poly[1,1,1-tris(trimethylsiloxy)methacrylate propylsilane (PTMPS). In order to improve the compatibility of these polymer blends, the effect of addition of the graft copolymer was also investigated. The gas permeability of various composition polymer-blend membranes increases rapidly with an increasing content of PTMPS in the polymer blend. In the polymer blend membranes containing the graft copolymer, the gas permeability decreases with an increase in the graft copolymer content and then reaches a nearly constant value, when the PTMPS content remains constant. This result is attributed to a decrease in interstices at phase boundaries, owing to improvement in compatibility of the component polymers. This method of membrane preparation is very useful for making membranes with required properties.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270615
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  • 151
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    A study of crack propagation in high-density polyethylene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2119-2130 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In recent published work a method was proposed to calculate fracture toughness during the crack-propagation phase of the loading of notched specimens. In this paper, it is proposed that the fracture toughness, J can have a value that does not exceed the product of the ultimate work to failure of the material, Wf, times a charactersitic remaining ligament length bm. It is proposed that crack propagation is unstable at ligament lengths less than bm and does not, therefore, demand further strain-energy input. The fracture toughness J at any particular remaining ligament length b can be calculated from a term that is related to the area under the curve of the net section stress vs. the ratio of plastic load point displacement of remaining ligament length. Experimental data on the loading of double-edge-notched specimens of high-density polyethylene that were extended to failure were used to test the proposed theory. The experimental results were encouraging, although not conclusive, in supporting the proposed method of relating the crack toughness to the known material properties of the subject material.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270623
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  • 152
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    A new criterion of phase separation: The effect of diamine chain extenders on the properties of polyurethaneureas (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2167-2177 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new criterion of phase separation of segmented polyurethaneureas. is found by comparing the relative crystallinity of the soft segment of polyurethaneurea. This criterion is more sensitive than the conventional thermal transition temperature measurements. The difference of crystallinity can be distinguished even if the thermal transition temperatures are the same. The polymers are synthesized by coupling a prepolymer consisting of poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) with different chain extenders, ethylenediamine (ED), 1.6-hexanediamine (HD), and 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA). The degree of phase separation is found to relate to the structure of the chain extender and the hard-segment content as indicated by the relative crystallinity and initial modulus. Several explanations are proposed to discuss the relationship between these factors.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270627
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  • 153
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    Introduction of carbonyl group to the main chain of poly(phenyl vinyl sulfide) (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1849-1851 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270542
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  • 154
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    ESR study of pressure dependence of the peroxy radical decay in irradiated isotactic polypropyleneCorrected proofs received April 7, 1982 (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1865-1871 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: By the use of gamma radiation the free radicals were generated in isotactic polypropylene. The polymer was exposed to the action of atmospheric oxygen and the peroxy radicals were formed. Then the decay of peroxy radicals was investigated at varying temperatures as a function of pressure. The rate constants of the free radical decay were determined, and the corresponding activation volumes were calculated. The kinetic characteristics imply that the peroxy radicals predominantly occured in amorphous region the polymer. The results suggest that useful information on molecular mechanism of radical reactions in the solid phase may be obtained from the determination of activation volumes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270601
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  • 155
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    Surface interactions and some properties of filled polymers (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2269-2280 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Inverse chromatography was applied to evaluate interaction parameters for polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and CaCO3, these parameters being based on retention volumes of proton-donor, -acceptor, and neutral vapors. The acid/base characteristics of CaCO3 were controllably altered by exposing the particulate to microwave plasmas sustained by acidic and basic vapors. It was shown that the ease-of-dispersion of fillers in the polymer matrixes related with the acid-base interaction balance in the polymer-filler pair, and varied widely with the surface treatment given to the filler. Mechanical properties at large deformation of the filled polymers and their durability also were shown to depend on surface interactions. Optimization of properties in PVC compounds was favored when strong acid-base interactions could take place with the plasma-modified filler. In the case of PE, properties were superior when unmodified filler was used; imparting strongly acidic or basic surface properties to the filler diminished its “compatibility” and usefulness with this nonpolar matrix.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270635
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  • 156
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    Characterization of cotton-polystyrene graft copolymersCorrected proofs Received April 21, 1982 (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2307-2315 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Characterization of cotton-polystyrene graft copolymers prepared by ceric ion initiation is reported. Various techniques studied include moisture sorption, solubility in cupriethylenediamine (CED), infrared spectra, differential thermal analysis (DTA), electron micrographs and X-ray diffractograms, which point to the existence of true grafting. The graft copolymers showed a slight fall in breaking load and improved resistance to wetting.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270701
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  • 157
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    Development of green and dark blue colors in epoxy resins cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2015-2023 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: From a study of the oxidation of bisphenol-A epoxy resin cured with DDM (4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane), it has been shown that the development of greenish-blue colors is due to an initial reaction between molecular oxygen and secondary amine groups. A full reaction scheme is suggested and supporting evidence, in the form of UV/visible, infrared, and ESR spectra, is presented.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270614
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  • 158
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    The effect of composition, sequence length, and tacticity on the UV absorption analysis of styrene copolymers in solution (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2043-2052 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: As a first step in the elucidation of the microstructure of styrene copolymers using ultraviolet spectroscopy, the data available in the literature has been reviewed and reevaluated. It is shown by using simple error propagation analysis that the abnormalities observed in the extinction coefficients of styrene copolymers can be easily attributed to the experimental error. No significant deviations from the linear absorption behavior can be observed at the specific wavelengths reported in the literature (254-269 nm). As a result of this work, a useful set of correlations for the estimation of the copolymer composition have been obtained. These correlations appear to be adequate for copolymers of different microstructure.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270617
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  • 159
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    Analysis of zone-drawing process in preoriented polypropylene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2091-2103 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Preoriented isotactic polypropylene was used to clarify the molecular process in zone-drawing with which the necking part is confined in a thin heating zone during uniaxial drawing. The process was analyzed on the basis of rate process, the mechanical properties of zone-drawn samples, and the superstructural change during zone-drawing. The values of activation energy for deformation, ΔH*, and the activation volume, ΔV*, were affected by the deformation mechanisms preferentially taking place during the zone-drawing. The attainable maximum modulus of zone-drawn sample at θ = 45° was larger than those at θ = 0° and 90°. The highest strength was also obtained at θ = 45°. The values of modulus and strength strongly depended on both the orientation function of the crystal c-axis and the orientation function of amorphous chains. In the region of a very high zone-drawing rate, in which microcracks are preferentially formed, both modulus and strength decreased, whereas they increased with increasing the zone-drawing rate below this region, giving the optimum condition for achieving the maxima in the modulus and strength.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270621
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  • 160
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    Residual stress and thermal expansion coefficient of plasma polymerized films (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2139-2150 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The residual stress in plasma polymerized films and its annealing effect were measured by employing the Newton ring method. The plasma polymerized films studied were hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS), norbornadiene (NBD), and acryronitrile (AN) films. The stress in the film is compressive, and this compressive stress changes into tensile stress by annealing treatment. The ESR measurement indicates that the annealing effect on the stress is due to the trapped radical reaction. From the thermal stress measurement, the thermal expansion coefficient and Young's modulus have also been obtained; Young's modulus is in the order of magnitude of 108g/cm2 with HMDS and NBD films, and the thermal expansion coefficient is in the order of magnitude of 10-5 deg-1 with HMDS and NBD films. These values are much different from those of conventional polymer. This is attributed to the highly crosslinked structure of the films.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270625
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  • 161
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    Photodegradable polymers: Poly(arylene keto amine)s (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2467-2474 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Low-molecular-weight poly(arylene keto amines) were prepared from the polymerization of 4,4-bis(chloroacetyl)diphenyl ether, 4, 4′-bis(bromoacetyl) diphenyl ether, and 4,4′-bis(2-bromopropionyl) diphenyl ether with piperazine, 4, 4′-trimethylenedipiperidine, and N, N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine. These film-forming polymers and suitable monomeric model compounds were found to be degraded by photolysis. The poly(keto amines) resisted degradation by the fungi As-pergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270717
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  • 162
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    Kinetics of crosslinking of poly(vinyl chloride) in the presence of tetramethylthiuram disulfide and zinc oxide (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1549-1555 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Continuous measurements in a Vuremo curemeter at temperatures from 160°C to 195°C were used to estimate the extent of crosslinking of poly(vinyl chloride) which was plotted against cure time. The linearized forms of the cure curves clearly show that at obvious tetramethylthiuram disulfide-zinc oxide concentrations, the course of crosslinking differs significantly from the first-order rate law. These digressions caused by the degradation crosslinking of poly(vinyl chloride) were diminished by increasing tetramethylthiuram disulfide concentration, which simultaneously increases the ultimate extent of controlled crosslinking. On the basis of the above results, a method of the kinetic analysis of the cure curves is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270513
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  • 163
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    Preparation and structure of poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(vinyl acetate) composite porous membrane (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1607-1619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) composite porous membrane was investigated by extracting PVAc with solvent from films of PVAc lattices which were obtained by the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) in the presence of PVA. The formation of the porous membrane depended upon whether or not PVAc in the latex film was easily extracted with solvent. In the case of using hydrogen peroxide (HPO)-tartaric acid (TA) as an initiator, in the film of the latex which was produced from the batch method in which all ingredients of the batch were put into the reaction vessel before starting polymerization, PVAc could be extracted over 90% of total PVAc with common organic solvents. In the film of the latex which was produced from the dropwise addition method of VAc and initiator, the PVAc extraction was about 20-30%. On the other hand, in the case of using ammonium persulfate as an initiator, the desired porous membrane was not obtained. The structure of the porous membrane obtained from the latex of the batch method by using HPO - TA consisted of spherical cells which were made up of PVA and grafted PVAc or insoluble PVAc like microgels, which were not extracted with organic solvent and were connected by small pores. The PVA - PVAc composite porous membrane is permeated by n-hexane with 5.58 × 102 mL/cm2·s at 0.5 kg/cm2, by benzene with only 1.33 × 10-3mL/cm2·s even at 60 kg/cm2.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270518
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  • 164
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    Orientation development in the tubular film extrusion of polypropylene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2663-2674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A basic study of orientation development in the tubular film extrusion of polypropylene is reported. WAXS and birefringence measurements were carried out on films prepared under conditions of known blowup ratio B, drawdown νL/νO, machine direction tension, and bubble pressure. Pole figures were constructed and biaxial orientation factors determined. The use of an orientation factor triangle diagram was found to be a useful method of representing the variation of orientation with processing conditions. The variation in orientation with processing parameters for polypropylene was found to have similar behavior to that previously found for polyethylene.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270733
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  • 165
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    Calibration of size-exclusion chromatography columns with polydisperse polymer standards. II. Applications (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2943-2955 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: New methods for calibrating SEC columns by means of polydisperse polymer samples with known Mn and Mw have been tested with computer-generated chromatograms and with experimental data of high-performance SEC. Calculations with the artificial chromatograms show that accurate calibration dependences can be recovered even when polymers with broad and/or bimodal molecular weight distributions are used as standards. Polystyrene calibration calculated by the proposed method from chromatograms of five polydisperse polystyrenes follows closely the curve obtained in a conventional manner from nine narrow polystyrene standards. The dependence log M vs. ν for PMMA determined from chromatograms of six PMMA samples with moderately broad molecular weight distributions agrees well with the curve obtained by shifting the dependence for polystyrene using the universal calibration concept. The new method is particularly useful when SEC columns are to be calibrated for dextrans in water, where only a few standards having a rather broad molecular weight distribution are available, and can considerably improve the accuracy of molecular weight determination by SEC.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270819
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  • 166
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    Process for the formation of biaxially oriented films of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) from liquid crystalline solutions (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2965-2985 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new process for making equal biaxially oriented films from liquid crystalline solutions of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T) is described. The process involves extruding solutions of PPD-T/H2SO4 through an annular die and over an oil-coated mandrel into a coagulation bath. The films were studied using wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile stress-strain properties were obtained on samples cut at various directions in the plane of the film. Biaxially oriented films which possess equal properties in the various directions in the plane of the film were produced. Moduli of 2.3 × 109 Pa and tensile strengths of 9.6 × 107 Pa were obtained in the plane of the film. Films with unequal biaxial orientation were also produced. These tend to have higher modulus/tensile strength in the direction of major orientation, the machine direction (up to 8.3 × 109 Pa/2.5 × 108 Pa), but become brittle in the transverse direction.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270821
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  • 167
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    Characterization of rubber particle size distribution of high-impact polystyrene using low-angle laser light scattering (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2885-2890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new application of low-angle laser light scattering has led to a new instrument capable of characterizing the rubber particle size distribution of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) containing particles as small as 0.1 μ. Rubber particle size distributions of several HIPS resins have been characterized, and the particle size ranking of resins using light scattering parallels the ranking of resins using photomicroscopy. Several solvents have been employed to suspend the HIPS rubber particles for the scattering determination. Swelling of the rubber phase has been found to be relatively insensitive to variations in rubber phase crosslinking when methyl ethyl ketone is used to suspend the rubber particles. Particle swelling in methyl ethyl ketone does not detract from the usefulness of the light scattering method for HIPS rubber particle size characterization.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270814
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  • 168
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    System development for size exclusion chromatography of starch hydrolysates (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2281-2293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A system for the aqueous size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of starch hydrolysates has been developed. Sepharose CL is the chromatographic support material, and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is the eluent. Various factors affecting the resolution of the proposed system are discussed. Support materials having small particle size and narrow particle size distribution are necessary for maximizing separation efficiency. The ionic strength of the eluent, however, has a negligible effect on separation efficiency. The fractionation range of the system has been broadened by connecting in series columns containing two different Sepharose-CL gel types according to the bimodal pore size distribution concept. Well-characterized sodium polystyrene sulfonate and dextran standards are used to calibrate this SEC system. The Coll-Prusinowski calibration procedure leads to a linear calibration curve over a wide molecular weight domain.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270636
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  • 169
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    Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto bagasse and wood pulps (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3027-3041 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto bagasse and wood pulps has been studied using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. The effect of order of reactants addition on grafting was examined: three methods were studied. Addition of the pulp to a mixture of initiator and monomer (method A) resulted in more efficient grafting than the other two methods. The reaction produced more grafting at 50°C than at 30°C or at 40°C. The results showed that the monomer and initiator concentrations are the major factors influencing the grafting rate of acrylonitrile. Increasing the acrylonitrile or initiator concentration was accompanied by a substantial increase in graft yields. Increasing the initiator concentration is more effective on polymerization rate than the increase in monomer concentration. The extent of grafting of this monomer can best be controlled by reaction time. Water swelling of pulps significantly affected the grafting rate of acrylonitrile as well as the ceric consumption during grafting. The reactivity of bagasse pulp towards grafting of acrylonitrile is higher than that of wood pulp due to a more open structure of cellulose in bagasse pulp as well as the presence of some lignin which accelerates grafting. Ceric consumption during grafting depends on the nature of the pulp as well as the monomer and initiator concentrations, time, temperature, and the method of grafting. More Ce(IV) is consumed during grafting than during oxidation of the pulps under identical reaction conditions, due to homopolymer formation which accompanied grafting. The ceric consumption by bagasse during grafting or oxidation is somewhat greater than that consumed by wood pulp under similar reaction conditions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270826
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  • 170
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    Simulation of three-stage nylon 6 reactors with intermediate mass transfer at finite rates (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3089-3101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A three-stage isothermal nylon 6 reactor with a kinetic scheme incorporating ring opening, polycondensation, polyaddition, cyclic dimer formation, and reaction with monofunctional acids has been modeled. In the first and third stages, removal of the condensation by-product, water, is prevented. The second stage of this sequence, however, involves finite rates of diffusion of water to cocurrently flowing inert gas bubbles. the number-average chain length of the polymer obtained in this reactor differs substantially from that obtained assuming instantaneous water removal and is a function of the various design variables. It is observed that several choices of these design variables can be made to obtain the same product, thus emphasizing the need for more comprehensive optimization studies than hitherto carried out.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270831
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  • 171
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    The transport phenomena of some model solutes through postcrosslinked poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) membranes with different tactic precursors (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3133-3149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two series of membranes of various degree of hydration have been prepared by postcrosslinking highly syndiotactic and isotactic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [P(HEMA)] with various amounts of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDIC). The equilibrium water content, the partition coefficient, and the permeability of the model solutes such as urea, acetamide, NaCl, 2-propanol, and isobutanol for these membranes were measured. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study for the membranes was performed. The membranes of the isotactic precursor are more hydrated at 25°C compared to the ones of its syndiotactic counterpart. This may be due to the more hydrophobic nature of syndiotactic P(HEMA). The partition coefficient data show that the solutes of urea, acetamide, and NaCl are partitioned only into the water-containing region, whereas the alcohol solutes are preferentially sorbed on to polymer matrix. The permselectivity data of urea to NaCl reveal that the permselectivity of crosslinked isotactic P(HEMA), (ISO) membranes increases as the amount of HMDIC is increased from 2.5 to 10 mol %, while the trend is reversed for crosslinked syndiotactic P(HEMA), (SYN) membranes. The apparent diffusivity order of urea, acetamide, and NaCl is not the same in those two characteristic membranes: the order is urea 〉 NaCl 〉 acetamide for highly crosslinked ISO membranes, and NaCl 〉 urea 〉 acetamide for all SYN membranes, which was compared with the free diffusion data in aqueous solution and interpreted in terms of the water-structural orderlines within membranes.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270834
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  • 172
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    Rheological and solid wall boundary condition characterization of unvulcanized elastomers and their compounds (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3171-3184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An extensive fundamental investigation of the rheological properties and solid wall boundary condition shear stress of elastomers and elastomer-carbon black compounds has been carried out. The elastomers were an emulsion butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBR 1500) and a polybutadiene. Shear flow rheological properties were measured using a newly designed sandwich rheometer, in both constant shear rate and creep modes as well as in a capillary rheometer. A constant elongation rate rheometer for elastomers was developed. Stress relaxation measurements were also carried out in the sandwich rheometer. The shear viscosity of the gum elastomers exhibits a constant very high shear zero viscosity (8 × 108 Pa.s for SBR 1500 at 100°C) and decreases with increasing shear rate. The compounds exhibit yield values of similar magnitude to carbon black compounds of molten plastics. Only the SBR 1500 and its compounds were studied in the elongational flow mode. It was not possible to achieve a steady state in these experiments. An apparatus for measurement of shear stress as a function of velocity (shear rate) at a specified pressure was developed. The instrument, which we call a friction tester, was used not only to determine wall shear stress but to investigate the regime of flow and potentially determine conditions for the onset of slip. Evidence of changing flow regimes were found, and the implications discussed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270837
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  • 173
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    Taylor diffusion in polymer solutions: Falsification by slip effectsNCL Communication No. 2836. (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2739-2742 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270741
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  • 174
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    Thioetherglycidyl resins. III. Products of condensation of bis(4-mercaptophenyl)ether and bis(4-mercaptophenyl)methane with epichlorohydrinFor Paper II see Ref. 12. (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2797-2807 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thioetherglycidyl resins produced by condensation of bis(4-mercaptophenyl)ether and bis(4-mercaptophenyl) methane with epichlorohydrin were obtained by heterophase alkaline condensation. To define the optimal conditions of condensation, the following factors that influence the process were studied: the kind of organic phase and the mole ratios of epichlorohydrin:mercaptan, alcohol:mercaptan, and alkaline hydroxide:mercaptan. For all syntheses yield and the epoxide content were found. The structure of thioetherglycidyl resins with the highest epoxide content was determined by elementary analysis, infrared IR, and NMR spectra. The physical and chemical properties were also defined. The investigations covered the determination of some properties of resins, cured chemically or thermally with different curatives and thermal and mechanical properties of the cured compounds.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270806
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  • 175
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    An unusual visual microcracking/healing phenomenon in polycarbonate at room temperature (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2809-2814 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polycarbonate samples show no visible changes upon removal from boiling water. However, during a subsequent storage stage at room temperature they begin to develop visible disc-shaped microcracks whose number and size increase with time. At a certain time during the room temperature storage period a healing process begins leading in many cases to a complete visual disappearance of the microcracks. The cracking/healing phenomenon is explained in terms of water-supersaturated systems undergoing water phase-separation creating water filled microcracks. These thin water filled microcracks then lose their water to the environment during drying at room temperature, close, and visually heal.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270807
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  • 176
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    Activating pulp toward acetylation by chemical or mechanical means (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2833-2844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Activation of pulps during acetylation, by prior mechanical or chemical treatment, has been investigated. The effect of degree of beating on the acetylation rate of wood and bagasse pulps has been studied. It is found that the acetylation rate of pulps increases when the degree of beating of pulps is increased to a definite degree, after which it slows down. The maximum reactivity of bagasse pulp is obtained at 50°SR, while that of wood pulp is observed at 30°SR. The effect of grafting of acrylonitrile onto bagasse and wood pulps on their reactivity during acetylation has been also studied. The results indicate that grafting of acrylonitrile onto pulps has a favorable effect on their acetylation rate. This is dependent on the degree of grafting as well as the origin of pulp fibers. The most suitable method of activation during acetylation reaction is dependent on the origin of the pulp. The reactivity of bagasse pulp during acetylation is influenced more by beating of pulp, prior to the reaction, than by the grafting of acrylonitrile onto pulp. On the other hand, the acetylation reaction of wood pulp is activated by grafting rather than by beating. Also the effect of the activation process, mechanical or chemical, on the strength properties of the paper sheets produced from acetylated pulps has been investigated. Chemical activation of wood pulp prior to acetylation resulted in pulp with slightly higher strength properties than that activated by mechanical means. But, in the case of bagasse pulp, mechanical activation resulted in a pulp with strength superior to that produced by chemical activation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270810
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  • 177
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    Phase separation in segmented polyurethanes (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2891-2899 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Phase separation in a segmented polyurethane has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature of the soft phase decreases logarithmically with time to a limiting value at each annealing temperature. The magnitude of the decrease is larger at low annealing temperatures, but the normalized rate of logarithmic decrease is smaller. At high annealing temperatures, long sequences of hard segments are excluded from the soft phase in which short segments are still soluble. At low temperatures, even short hard segments separate from the soft phase. The exclusion of the hard segments from the soft phase is a relatively fast process, but the development of order in hard domains takes longer time to reach steady state.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270815
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  • 178
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    Kinetic aspects of dyeing processes (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2987-2996 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dyeing of textiles was classified into two main categories: reactive and adsorptive dyeing. A mathematical model for each case was developed on the basis of a pore model concept. The validity of the proposed models was confirmed by comparison with existing experimental data on dyeing of reactive dyes in cellulose and acid dyes in nylon. It was further desired that the proposed models be checked by experimental results in high fixation regimes. The overdyeing phenomenon may be simulated by intrafiber diffusion with simultaneous multimodal adsorption.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270822
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  • 179
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    Estimation of heat evolution during viscoelastic crack propagation by liquid crystal film technique (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3763-3768 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Heat generated during dynamic crack propagation in viscoelastic solids was investigated by visible liquid crystal film technique to observe the thermal boundary front emanating from a running crack tip. The crack propagation velocity was also measured by the velocity gauge method. The heat so estimated is correlated with the crack propagation velocity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271012
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  • 180
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    Temperature dependence of surface crystallization in bimorphic PET fibers (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3597-3620 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Open-bath, organic liquid treatments may be used to produce high surface area PET fibers through the action of liquid solvent-induced crystallization (SINC). It has been found that as the treatment bath temperature is increased, surface modification suddenly disappears. For a particular treatment method this occurs at a reproducible temperature, well below the liquid boiling point. A qualitative understanding of the mechanism of surface cavitation during liquid SINC is developed based on current descriptions of the component processes involved. These processes are: the glass-rubber transition, diffusion through rubbery and glassy polymer, and polymer-diluent crystallization. Although calculations of the threshold concentration for swelling support this conceptual framework, the absence of surface cavitation at higher treatment bath temperatures is not explained by it and is therefore attributed to an intervening phenomenon. Analysis of penetration depth data together with surface microscopy suggest the formation of a smooth surface layer interfering with normally observed cavitation at elevated temperatures. Manipulation of the extent of vapor precontact shows that vapor SINC prior to liquid exposure is most likely responsible for the smooth layer.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270934
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  • 181
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    Degradation of organic coatings. I. Hydrolysis of melamine formaldehyde/acrylic copolymer films (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3651-3662 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The hydrolysis of melamine formaldehyde crosslinked acrylic copolymer films has been studied using infrared spectroscopy. It has been found that during hydrolysis, crosslinks between the acrylic copolymer and the melamine crosslinker are broken and that crosslinks between melamine molecules are formed. The rate of hydrolysis depends on the following: (1) the type of crosslinker used (partially alkylated melamines hydrolyze faster than fully alkylated melamines); (2) the amount and strength of acid catalyst used and whether or not the catalyst can be extracted from the coating during hydrolysis; (3) the initial crosslink density; (4) the hydrolysis temperature. In some formulations, it can be expected that virtually all of the acrylic-melamine crosslinkes will be hydrolyzed. However, due to the formation of melamine-melamine crosslinks, the overall crosslink density does not necessarily decrease significantly as a result of this hydrolysis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271002
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  • 182
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    Solubility parameters in polyoxetanes: Poly(oxetane), poly(3,3-dimethyl oxetane), and poly(3,3-diethyloxetane) (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3721-3728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The solubility parameter of poly(oxetane), poly(3,3-dimethyloxetane) and poly(3,3-diethyl oxetane) has been estimated by measuring solution viscosities. Values of δ = 9.4, 7.9, and 7.9 cal1/2·cm-3/2 for each polymer were obtained and compared with those calculated from empirical methods. The 3-dimensional solubility parameter approach has been also applied in order to get additional information on the effect of structural modifications on the main chain in the solubility behavior.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271008
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  • 183
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    Transient diffusion through multilaminate slabs separating finite and semiinfinite baths (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3835-3840 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Equations describing transient diffusion through multilaminate slabs with constant diffusion and partition coefficients for each lamina separating well-stirred finite and semiinfinite baths are presented. Application is illustrated using a representative slab with three laminae.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271017
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  • 184
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    Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on the polymerization of acrylonitrile (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3859-3866 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Micellar catalyzed polymerization of acrylonitrile using ceric(IV)-glycerol redox system in aqueous sulfuric acid solution in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (NaLS) has been studied. The polymerization experiments were conducted between 15°C and 25°C, under conditions where no oxidation of sodium lauryl sulfate by ceric ion would we expected. The rate of polymerization (Rp) increases with increasing concentration of NaLS. The rate of monomer (AN) disappearance was proportional to [AN]1.5 and [glycerol]0.5, but, however, Rp changes in a nonlinear manner with increase in Ce(IV) concentration in the presence of the surfactant. The rate of Ce(IV) disappearance was not proportional to its original concentration. The chain length of the polymer could not be determined viscometrically, as the polymer obtained in presence of NaLS was insoluble in organic solvents. The activation energy of this polymerization process was calculated by conducting the experiment at different temperatures. The infrared spectra of the polymers in the presence and absence of surfactant have also been examined.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271020
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  • 185
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    Effect of large dosage irradiation in vacuo on polyethylene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4085-4092 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of large dosage irradiation in vacuo on polyethylene was investigated by the method of double irradiation. Polyethylene was first irradiated with γ-rays to a dosage of several hundred Mrad in vacuo at 298°K. The formed radicals were destoryed, and the polymer, changed chemically and morphologically, was irradiated again in vacuo at 77°K with a dose of 12.7 Mrad. The thermal decay of radicals produced in polyethylene by the second irradiation was investigated. The results show that many double bonds are formed in the sample irradiated to several hundred Mrad on the first irradiation. Alkyl radicals produced by the second irradiation react with these double bonds yielded by the first irradiation to form a large number of allyl radicals. These allyl radicals are much more stable than alkyl radicals radicals in vacuo at 298°K. In a sample not exposed to the first irradiation, almost all radicals formed by the second irradiation decay to form stable products. Crosslinks formed by a large amount of irradiation make the polyethylene matrix more rigid. This rigidity slows down the radical decay. These results suggest that the rate of radical accumulation in polyethylene irradiated in vacuo increases as the dosage increases.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271101
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  • 186
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    Effects of water on starch-g-polystyrene and starch-g-poly(methyl acrylate) extrudates (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4115-4135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polystyrene and poly(methyl acrylate) were grafted onto wheat starch by gamma radiation and chemical initiation, respectively. The respective percent add-on values were 46 and 45;68% of the polystyrene formed was grafted to starch, and the corresponding proportion of poly(methyl acrylate) was 41%. The molecular weight distributions of the homopolymer and graft portions were characterized, and extrusion conditions were established for production of ribbon samples of starch-g-PS and starch-g-PMA. Both copolymer types were considerably weakened by soaking in water, and this effect was more immediate and drastic for starch-g-poly(methyl acrylate). Both graft copolymers regained their original tensile strengths on drying, but the poly(methyl acrylate) specimens did not recover their original unswollen dimensions and retained high breaking elongations characteristic of soaked specimens. Tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of extruded and molded samples of both graft polymers are reported, and the plasticizing effects of water are summarized.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271104
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  • 187
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    Studies on dyeing and mechanical properties of nylon 6 filaments subjected to swelling treatments (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4149-4159 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Drawn nylon 6 filaments were subjected to swelling treatment with benzyl alcohol and aqueous solution of phenol and formic acid under slack condition and under tension. The pretreated samples were dyed with a disperse dye Foron Yellow SE-FL (C.I. Disperse Yellow 42). A considerable increase in the equilibrium dye uptake was observed as a result of swelling treatment. Studies on lateral order by X-ray methods showed that lateral order has increased considerably as a result of preswelling treatment. This apparent contradiction, viz., increase in lateral order and at the same time increase in dye upstake, is explained as due to increased void volume. Studies on mechanical properties showed that the percentage elongation is increased as a result of swelling treatment under slack condition in spite of increased lateral order. This is explained as due to the slippage of chain-folded crystallites.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271106
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  • 188
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    Graftability of beaten pulps and acetylated pulps (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3691-3702 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ce(IV)-induced polymerization of acrylonitrile with acetylated bagasse and wood pulps, having different acetyl contents, has been investigated. The graft yield is dependent on the acetyl content as well as the origin of the pulp. Increasing the acetyl content of pulps caused a significant decrease in the polymer loading. However, the rate of polymerization of acetylated wood pulp is much higher than that of acetylated bagasse pulp. The ceric consumption during grafting decreases as the acetyl content of the pulp increases. The effect of beating of the pulps, to various degrees of freeness, on their reactivity toward grafting process has also been studied. Generally, the state of cellulose, as defined by its degree of beating, and the origin of the pulp strongly influenced the graft yield. In creasing the beating degree of bagasse pulp resulted in a decrease in graft yield, while beating of wood pulp, to a definite degree, inhibits the polymerization reaction. The consumption of Ce(IV) by the beaten pulps during oxidation is somewhat greater than that consumed by the unbeaten pulps, whereas the consumption during grafting of acrylonitrile onto beaten pulps depends on the initial concentration of ceric solution. Also, the effect of grafting of acrylonitrile onto acetylated wood and bagasse pulps on their strength properties as well as the effect of grafting onto beaten pulps on their properties has been investigated. Grafting of acrylonitrile onto acetylated bagasse pulp decreased its strength properties, but improved its beatability comparatively to those of original pulp (0 acetyl content). On the other hand, grafting of acrylonitrile onto acetylated wood pulp resulted in a great improvement in its strength properties compared to those of grafted unacetylated pulp. Grafted unbeaten pulps gave thinner and weaker paper than the original pulp (without grafting). Beating of bagasse pulp before grafting gave pulp which possessed a higher strength properties, at low °SR, than those of pulp beaten after grafting. Raising the °SR by rebeating the pulp after reaction up to the original value had an adverse effect on the strength. Beating of bagasse pulp before grafting did not accelerate the reaction rate, but it saved some power consumption, since the time required for beating of grafted pulp to a given °SR was lower than that of ungrafted pulp.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271006
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  • 189
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    Preparation of silicon carbide-silicon nitride fibers by the controlled pyrolysis of polycarbosilazane precursors (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3751-3761 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experiments to produce polycarbosilazane resin and high-strength silicon carbide-silicon nitride (SixNyCz) fibers as well as resin/fiber characteristics are reported. Polycarbosilazane resin was drawn into fibers from the melt and subsequently treated and pyrolyzed into SixNyCz fibers. These materials are characterized by high tensile modulus (29 × 106 psi for 0.4-mil diameter) and high electrical resistivity (6.9 × 108 Ω·cm for 0.6-mil diameter).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271011
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  • 190
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    Synthesis and physicochemical studies of some new amphoteric ion exchangers (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3793-3807 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Some new amphoteric ion exchangers have been synthesized by condensing salicylic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, gallic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, β-resorcylic acid, and resacetophenone with epichlorohydrin employing ethylenediamine as a crosslinking agent. Some of the physicochemical properties, such as moisture content, true density, apparent density, void volume fraction, concentration of ionogenic groups, exchange capacity, rate of exchange, pH-titration curves, pK values, isoionic point, thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and swelling behavior in different solvents, have been investigated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271015
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  • 191
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    Viscoelastic and engineering properties of poly(vinyl chloride) plasticized with polycaprolactone-based polyurethanes (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4323-4335 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The plasticization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) by polyurethanes made from polycaprolactone (PCL) diol and p.p′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) was investigated. By varying the PCL chain length and substituting with polyether chains such as poly(tetramethylene ether) (PTME) or poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), also of various chain lengths, the efficiency of plasticization was changed. High urethane content, such as obtained with PCL-530/MDI, decreased the miscibility of the polyurethane and PVC. Plasticizing efficiency of the polyurethanes, as indicated by transparency, flexibility, and engineering properties of the blend, increased on increasing the initial PCL chain length. However, polyurethanes containing very high-molecular-weight PCL (e.g., PCL-3000) slowly crystallized from a 50:50 blend with PVC. PVC/polyurethane ratio also had a significant effect on crystallization, as indicated by the rapid crystallization of PCL-2000/MDI polyurethane when it exceeded 50 wt % in the blend. The transparency and flexiblity of 50:50 blends were lowered by systematically replacing PVC-miscible PCL-2000 segments in the polyurethane with PTME-2000, PEO-200, and PEO-1500 segments. The polyurethanes became highly immiscible in PVC beyond the limiting mole fraction replacements of 0.6 for PTME-2000, 0.8 for PEO-200, and 0.4 for PEO-1500. Such chemical modification gave controlled and temperature-dependent miscibility in PVC and consequently blends with broadened glass transitions and high damping properties over a wide temperature range. Decreased miscibility in the blend gradually decreased elongation at break and tensile strength, but increased the modulus. A general correlation of the viscoelastic and tensile properties of the 50:50 blends with the weight fraction, rather than mole fraction, of the PCL content in the polyurethane composition was found; replacement of PCL beyond a limiting weight fraction by polyethers and MDI produced PVC-immiscible polyurethane. These limiting weight fractions are 0.6, 0.5, and 0.4 with PTME-2000, PEO-200, and PEO-1500, respectively, which denotes the order of decreasing miscibility of these polyurethanes in PVC. Viscoelastic and engineering properties of the blend with a particular polyurethane could also be controlled by varying the PVC/polyurethane ratio. Many of these semimiscible blends showed evidence by lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior at about -30°C, but complete cloud and point curves were not constructed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271122
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  • 192
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    Viscoelastic properties of (cellulose oligo-oxymethylene ether) acylates (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4409-4419 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Four kinds of (cellulose oligo-oxymethylene ether) acylates from the acetate to the valerate were prepared by homogeneous reactions using a DMSO/PF cellulose solvent as the reaction medium. The temperature variations of dynamic modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent for these polymers were measured. Three types of relaxation process were observed for all (cellulose oligo-oxymethylene ether) acylates, and an additional relaxation process was detected for (cellulose oligo-oxymethylene ether) butyrate and valerate. These processes were labelled α, β, γ, and δ in order of decreasing temperature at which they occurred. These α to δ processes were respectively attributed to: micro-Brownian motion (α), motion of side chains (β), local mode motion involving oxymethylene groups (γ), and motion initiated by three or more methylene groups (δ).
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271130
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  • 193
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    Electronic Resource
    Dilute solution behavior of a cationic polyelectrolyte (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4467-4470 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Dilute solution behavior of a cationic polyelectrolyte was studied with respect to acetic acid concentration using chitosan. The reduced viscosity, ηsp/C, of chitsan solutions increases with a decrease in the polymer concentration. For a given polyelectrolyte concentration, the specific viscosity is higher at lower acid (acetic) concentration, indicating the expansion of the polyelectrolyte chain due to electrostatic repulsion as a result of the interactions between chitosan and the solvent. The relationship between intrinsic viscosity [η]∞ and acetic acid concentration suggests no conformational transition of the chitosan molecules and possible formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds during the shrinking of the hydrodynamic domain of the polyions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271133
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  • 194
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    Aging and performance of structural film adhesives. I. A comparison of two high-temperature curing, epoxy-based systems (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4501-4516 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The room temperature aging of two epoxy adhesives, both of which are cured at 177°C and contain the moisture sensitive resin triglycidyl (4-aminophenol), has been examined. It has been found that hydrolysis of this resin is the major cause of reduction in epoxide content during aging. This in turn is largely responsible for the deterioration in the performance, especially at high temperatures, of bonded joints made with aged adhesive. The advantages of using high purity resins in adhesive formulations have been demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271137
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  • 195
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    Slow decomposition of silicone rubber (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4517-4522 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The sol content of previously extracted samples of lightly crosslinked silicone rubber has been found to increase during prolonged storage under relatively mild conditions. Simultaneously, the tensile stress slowly decreases in samples held stretched, and the equilibrium degree of swelling increases somewhat. Thus, the polymer network appears to undergo slow decomposition. This process is accelerated by moisture, by ammonia vapor, and by raising the temperature of storage. It is slowed down by prior treatment of the polymer with a silazane reagent which reduces the number of residual OH groups. It is therefore attributed to hydrolytic decomposition of the poly(dimethylsiloxane) molecules initiated by OH groups.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271138
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  • 196
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    Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto wool using thallium (III) ions as initiator (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4547-4560 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto wool initiated by thallium (III) perchloric was investigated in aqueous perchloric acid medium. The rate of grafting was evaluated varying the concentrations of the monomer, initiator, acid, and temperature. The rate of grafting was found to increase with the increase of the monomer and the initiator concentration. The graft yield was found to decrease upon increasing the acid concentration. Increase of temperature was accompanied with the increase of the graft yield. From the Arrhenius plot the overall activation energy was calculated to be 4.7 kcal/mol. The effect of inhibitors, various solvents, cationic and anionic surfactants, and different inorganic salts on the graft yield was studied. The grafting was considerably influenced by chemical modification of wool prior to grafting. A suitable kinetic scheme has been proposed, and a rate equation has been derived.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271203
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  • 197
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    Highly reactive wood pulps for cellulose acetate production (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4599-4610 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Wood pulps highly reactive in both high- and low-catalyst cellulose acetate processes can be prepared by mercerization and then treatment with alkylene oxides; only trace levels of substitution are required. The fiber inactivating effects of mercerization after drying are overcome, and several acetate properties are improved by this process. The reactivity characteristics cannot be duplicated by similar modifications of nonmercerized fibers; in low catalyst processes such pulps actually show reduced reactivity.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271207
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  • 198
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    Chemical modification of polystyrene. II. A cation exchange resin from polystyrene electrophilically substituted with pyromellitic dianhydride (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4645-4653 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Crosslinked polystyrene based on condensation of polystyrene and pyromellitic dianhydride has been processed into a sulfonic acid cation exchange resin of improved thermal properties. The resin has been characterized in respect to its structure ion exchange and thermal stability by IR and elemental analysis data, total and salt-splitting capacity measurements, pH-titration characteristics, and TGA and DTA studies.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271211
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  • 199
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    Solution behavior of ionomers. III. Sulfo-EPDM-modified hydrocarbon solutions (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4623-4635 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The solution viscosity of polymer thickened hydrocarbons normally decreases markedly as temperature is increased. It has been observed that metal sulfonate ionomers, such as sulfonated ethylene propylene terpolymer, or sulfo-EPDM, when dissolved in a mixed solvent behave much differently. Specifically, sulfonated ionomers, dissolved in xylene or paraffinic oils with low levels of a polar cosolvent, can provide solutions whose viscosities are either relatively constant or can actually increase with increasing temperature. This isoviscosity effect can be manifested over broad temperature ranges and is mechanistically different from the behavior of conventional polymer solutions. This unusual behavior is explained on the basis of a simple equilibrium involving solvated ion pairs and is shown to be a specific example of a general phenomenon.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271209
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  • 200
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    The effect of addition of high-density polyethylene on the crystallization and mechanical properties of polypropylene and glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 4669-4686 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: High-density polyethylene up to about 30% by weight was melt-mixed with polypropylene and short-glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene. The presence of high-density polyethylene and glass fibers in the polypropylene matrix affects its crystallization characteristics, which were studied with the help of differential scanning calorimetry. The blend and composite samples have a large number of polypropylene domains apparently due to an abundance of surface nuclei; as a result, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and toughness are enhanced. The temperature dependence of shear modulus and logarithmic decrement indicate that high-density polyethylene can have plasticizing effect below the glass transition temperature of polypropylene. The scanning electron micrographs of fractured ends show the presence of dispersed domains in the composite samples.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271214
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