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  • 1980-1984  (1,107)
  • 1915-1919
  • 1983  (1,107)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (702)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (329)
  • Gas chromatography
  • Nuclear reactions
Material
Years
  • 1980-1984  (1,107)
  • 1915-1919
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Halazepam ; Desmethyldiazepam ; Benzodiazepines ; Pharmacokinetics ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Halazepam and its major metabolite desmethyldiazepam (DMDZ) can be reliably quantitated in human plasma following single doses of halazepam. After addition of appropriate internal standards, halazepam and DMDZ are extracted directly into an organic solvent at physiological pH. The organic extract is separated, evaporated to dryness, reconstituted, and directly chromatographed using a 50:50 methyl:phenyl silicone column (SP-2250) and an electron-capture detector. After a single 40 mg oral dose of halazepam, the parent compound appears in plasma only transiently and at low levels. DMDZ appears in higher concentrations and is slowly eliminated. During multiple-dose therapy with halazepam, DMDZ will be the major active substance in blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 54 (1983), S. 311-321 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Toxaphene ; Distribution ; Mice ; Autoradiography ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Series of female virgin and pregnant albino mice were i.v. injected with14C-labelled- or unlabelled toxaphene (16 mg/kg b.w.). After survival times ranging from 1 min to 32 days the toxaphene distribution in the body was studied using whole-body autoradiography and capillary gas-chromatography. Autoradiographic studies have shown that after an initial accumulation in the liver, brown fat, lung, brain, kidney, and ovaria (corpora lutea) there was a gradual redistribution of radioactivity to the white fat within 4 h postinjection. The labelling was then decreasing rapidly and only negligible amounts of the radioactivity were present in the adipose tissue after 32 days. In the fetus only the liver and adrenals showed a distinct labelling. A specific and persistent accumulation of the label was detected in some zones of the adrenal cortex suggesting a possible direct interference of toxaphene with adrenal steroid hormone synthesis. The gas chromatographic pattern of toxaphene-derived residues in the tissue samples resembled that of the technical toxaphene, but was changing in different tissues with the time. The liver chromatograms indicated more extensive formation of metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 53 (1983), S. 101-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Biological exposure test ; Exercise ; Gas chromatography ; Hippuric acid ; Humans ; Isotachophoresis ; Laboratory exposure ; o-Cresol ; Rest ; Toluene ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The urinary excretion of hippuric acid and o-cresol was studied after respiratory exposure of human volunteers to approximately 80 ppm (306 mg/m3 ± SD 13) of toluene for 2 h under different work loads (0, 50,100, 150 W, respectively, during 30-min periods). The diet before and after exposure varied. An isotachophoresis method for the determination of hippuric acid is described. The correlation between the total urinary excretion, excretion rate and concentration of hippuric acid, and the respiratory uptake of toluene was poor or non-existing. The same was true for the excretion of o-cresol, which 4 h after exposure was concluded amounted to 0.03–0.26% of the toluene uptake. Thus, after a short-time exposure neither metabolite proved to be a reliable measure of individual toluene uptake at varying workloads or food intake in combination with low exposure levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Head-space analysis ; CCl4 intoxication ; Hyperventilation therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A head-space gas chromatographic method for the determination of carbon tetrachloride in human blood is described. Standard samples with 0.5 ml whole blood containing different concentrations of CCl4 were analyzed at column temperatures ranging from 50° to 90°C. Advantages of this method include high sensitivity, simplicity in handling, rapid achievement of reliable results, accuracy and low costs. The practicability of this analytical method was studied in a patient following suicidal oral ingestion of a lethal dose of carbon tetrachloride.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 20-26 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Dioryctria abietella ; Cone pyralid ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Sex pheromone, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate ; Single sensillum recordings ; Electroantennography ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'analyse en chromatographie gazeuse associée à une détection électroantennographique a montré que l'acétate (Z,E)-9,11-tétradécadiényle (Z,E)-9,11–14:Ac est l'un des composants de la phéromone de Dioryctria abietella Schiff (Lepid.: Pyralidae). Couplage chromatographie en phase gazeuse spectrometrie de masse a montré la présence d'acétate tétradécadiényle avec un spectre de masse et un indice de rétention identiques au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac Un récepteur cellulaire sensible à la fois au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac et à un extrait de la femelle a été identifié sous l'antenne du mâle. Les analyses des antennogrammes et de la cellule isolée ont étayé la caractérisation du composant de la phéromone comme étant Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. Un récepteur cellulaire additionnel sensible à l'acétate (Z.)-9-tétradécadiényle et à l'acétate (Z.E.)-9,12-tétradécadiényle a été trouvé sur l'antenne du mâle, mais il n'était pas activé par l'extrait de la femelle. Sur le terrain Z,E-9,11–14:Ac, présenté seul, attirait des nombres importants de mâles de D. abietella. L'addition de l'acétate (Z)-9-tétradécényle a inhibé l'attraction des mâles par les pièges.
    Notes: Summary Gas chromatographic analyses coupled with electro-antennographic detection indicated that (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z,E-9, 11–14:Ac) is a pheromone component of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses confirmed the presence of a tetradecadienyl acetate with mass spectrum and retention index identical to Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. A receptor cell sensitive to both Z,E-9,11–14:Ac and the female extract was identified on the male antenna. An additional receptor cell sensitive to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate was found on the male antenna but was not activated by the female extract. In the field Z,E-9,11–14:Ac presented alone attracted significant numbers of male D. abietella. Addition of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate inhibited the attraction of males to traps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 33-36 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Preparative scale chromatography ; Capacity ; Dual-step separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The capacity of dual-step preparative chromatographic separation systems is considered. It is shown that dualstep separation makes it possible to enhance the capacity of preparative installations as compared with single- and dual-stage purification of the compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 44-46 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Natural gas analysis ; Poropak N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple gas chromatographic method is described for the rapid analysis of natural gas using thermal conductivity detectors and programmed-temperature operation of a single Poropak N column. The method permits the determination of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons containing one to seven carbon atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 553-559 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular (capillary) columns ; Immobilized liquid phases ; Thick-film columns ; Diffusion coefficients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of the liquid phase film thickness in open-tubular (capillary) columns on the individual resistance-to-mass-transfer terms and on the overall column efficiency is examined from the theoretical point of view. Methods for the calculation of the diffusion coefficients are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular (capillary) columns ; Immobilized liquid phases ; Thick-film columns ; GC-FTIR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The performance of a column prepared with an immobilized (chemically bonded) methylsilicone phase having a film thickness of 5μm is investigated in detail. Due to their high sample capacity, such columns are particularly useful when directly coupling gas chromatography with spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Thick-film columns can even be used with thermal conductivity detectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 600-604 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Alkyl benzenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The additivity concept in the retention index system of Kovats has been examined for a series ofn-alkylbenzenes and theiro- andp-monosubstituted nitro-, amino-, and chloro-derivatives. Anomalous behaviour is exhibited by the first three members of the series on both polar and non-polar stationary phases. For addition of a methylene group ton-propylbenzene or ap-substituted derivative, it is found that the retention increment, Δl CH2, approaches 100 units. However, the strong inductive effect of the group in the ortho position and the steric effects apparent in ano-substituted alkylbenzene lead to large variations of retention increment upon addition of-CH2-to the alkyl chain. A study ofn-alkylbenzene retention on Apiezon L and Carbowax 20M over a wide range of temperatures has verified the linearity of the retention increment with temperature and has revealed that this gradient increases with increasing carbon side-chain length for the first few members of the series, thereafter becoming constant. Functional retention increments, Δlx, for substitution of nitro-, amino- and chloro-groups into the benzene ring are given.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 691-692 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Dichlorophenol isomers ; Sodium benzenesulfonate ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary It is difficult to separate all the dichlorophenol isomers as free phenols by gas-liquid chromatography. However they were effectively separated on 4,4′-dimethoxyazoxybenzene (liquid crystal), and all the isomers were separated appreciably well on sodium 1-naphthalenesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate and dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Oxygenates ; Fused-silica capillary columns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method of analysing gasolines that contain oxygenates has been developed. The method uses a single fusedsilica capillary column and gives quantitative data for the oxygenates and the hydrocarbons in one analysis.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; GC-concentration ; Enrichment factor ; Theoretical evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Based on gas chromatographic retention data obtained on a given adsorbent and at a given trap efficiency at different temperatures new equations are proposed for the evaluation of the enrichment factor. These equations are suitable under various preconcentration conditions such as: equilibrium saturation, complete trapping and permissible losses. Compared to known expressions for the evaluation of the enrichment factor the equations suggested consider the band broadening of the impurity in a trap causing a loss of the substance at the adsorption stage and dilution of the sample during desorption when the desorbed impurities are directed into the gas chromatographic column without intermediate freezing out in an graphic column without intermediate freezing out in an empty tube. The new equations may be used to select the optimum preconcentration conditions providing the necessary sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 191-194 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thermal treatment of MgO and MgCO3 ; Adsorption properties ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The changes in the chromatographic properties of MgO and MgCO3 due to thermal treatment was investigated. The experimental results show that thermally treated MgO and MgCO3 can be used as stationary phase for the gas-adsorption chromatography of hydrocarbon mixtures.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of fatty acids ; Gas chromatography ; Fatty acid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The esterification of C1−C8 fatty acid in aqueous solutions and in the presence of sulfuric or hydrochloric acid and with n-butanol is described. It has been established that the esterification can be used for the quantitative determination of these fatty acids in the concentration ratio range of [H2O]/[n-BuOH]=0.01–5.3. In the concentration ratio range of 0.01–0.8 the water present does not interfere. In the concentration range of above 0.8 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for binding the water, in the amount of [Na2SO4.anh.]/[H2O]≥0.2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 472-476 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid stationary phase ; Liquid phase bleeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The theory of the evaporation of the liquid stationary phase is elaborated and experimentally verified. On the basis of this theory the role played by the losses in the amount of liquid phase present is quantitatively determined. General techniques are examined which minimize the losses; these techniques are based on saturating the incoming carrier gas with liquid phase vapours and raising the pressure of the carrier gas in the column, e.g. by connecting a capillary to the column outlet in order to offer resistance to the gas flow. The application of these techniques ensures stable performance of the gas chromatographic columns using a volatile liquid phase.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Esterification in aqueous solution ; iso butyl esters of C1–C20 fatty acids ; Gas chromatography ; Fatty acid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary C1–C20 carboxylic acids have been esterified in aqueous solutions with i-butanol. Gas chromatographic analyses have been performed from a single chromatogram. It has been established that esterification in the concentration range of [H2O]/[i-BuOH]=0.01–10.3 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of these carboxylic acids. The presence of water does not interfere in the range of [H2O]/[i-BuOH]=0.01–1.03. In the cases of [H2O]/[i-BuOH]〉1.03, anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water, in an amount of [Na2SO4]anh./[H2O]≥0.2.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 241-243 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Detectors ; Flame ionization detector ; History of chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary On the occasion of the 25-year anniversary of its invention, this article summarizes the events which led to the development of the flame ionization detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Average molecular polarizability ; Retention index ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Kováts retention indices of 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined on SE-30, OV-101, SE-52, OV-7 and OV-17 stationary phases. A significant correlation has been found between the retention indices and the average molecular polarizabilities of the analyzed substances. Equations were derived for the direct determination of the average molecular polarizabilities from the retention index values. The influence of the temperature on this relationship is also indicated.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 418-420 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Separation of metal chelates ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A very good separation of the acetylacetonate of AL-(III), Cr(III) and Co(III) has been obtained by gas chromatography, on a column containing OV-17 silicone oil as the stationary phase.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 4-10 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Ion mobility detector ; Plasma chromatography ; Selective detection ; Quantitative analysis ; Halogenated compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An ion mobility detector that has been specifically developed for interfacing with capillary gas chromatography is investigated in the negative ion mode. Like the electron capture detector, to which this instrument is closely related, the ion mobility detector shows an enhanced response to low molecular weight halogenated compounds when a small quantity of oxygen is doped into the make-up gas flow. Under O2 doping conditions, the device can operate in a reactant ion monitoring mode responding universally to compounds capable of capturing thermal electrons and in a tunable selective product ion mode providing increased selectivity over that achieved by the ECD. At an oxygen concentration of 0.5%, minimum detectable amounts as low as 600 femtograms have been realized for carbon tetrachloride. Selectivity of chloro- versus bromo- compounds is demonstrated using a mixture of p-dichlorobenzene and p-dibromobenzene.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 11-15 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; ECD ; Halocarbons in water, 0.1-10 ppb ; 0.5-2 μl injected on-column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Interest in monitoring halogenated organics in drinking water and natural surface and ground water in the low ppb range continues to grow. There is a tendency to include still more volatile halocarbons, the trace determination of which is known to be rather demanding. This prompted us to re-examine the feasibility of large-volume direct aqueous injection onto capillary columns, coupled with ECD. A primary problem was to avoid simultaneous elution of water with halocarbons, since water suppresses the ground current of the ECD. The following measures contributed to the solution of this problem.Apolar, extremely inert, columns are required to elute water completely, and even before very light halocarbons. Their coatings have to be far thicker (≍ 5 mUm) than commonly employed thick films since they must permit isothermal analysis at a column temperature around 100°C in order to ensure rapid and complete elution of water. Finally, it is essential that sampling be carried out on-column for two reasons: diffusion of water vapor in the injector, resulting in delayed elution, is then eliminated, and peak distortion during splitless injection is avoided.Although we now know that persilylated columns with immobilized coatings withstand routine water injections, more longterm experience is needed to provide detailed recommendations for the handling of these columns.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 34-35 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Samples with varying water content ; Retention times correlated with water content ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 241-246 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Cobalt-60 gamma radiation ; Immobilized phase ; Crosslinking ; Column activity ; Temperature Stability ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fused silica capillaries deactivated with D4 and coated with OV-1 were subjected to cobalt-60 gamma radiation in order to elucidate the effect of incident radiation on column performance. The chromatographic performance of these open tubular columns in which OV-1 was polymerized in situ was found to be dependent on the dosage of radiation and was evaluated before and after the irradiated columns were rinsed with solvent. Of the radiation dosages employed, 3 MRad produced superior chromatographic performance coupled with very favorable residual surface activity.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 247-254 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Screening for basic drugs with retention indices differing by only four units ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary columns offer the toxicologist several advantages over packed columns. We have presented a highly reproducible screening procedure based on the retention index system and have shown the use of capillary columns for routine quantitation. We are currently expanding the use of these columns in our laboratory and predict that they will be in routine use by most toxicologists in the near future.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 255-263 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass, fused silica ; Two-dimensional technique ; Residue analysis in food ; Organophosphorus pesticides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-dimensional gas chromatography with two capillary columns of different polarity (SP 2100 and OV 225) is used for pesticide residue analysis in food samples. By means of “live chromatography” applying pneumatic switching technique according to Deans, unequivocal identification of 57 organophosphorus pesticides in food samples is achieved at trace concentrations. The instrument is equipped with only one injection port and one flame photometric detector. On-line data processing is very helpful, especially in calibration and checking the system's reliability with the multitude of test compounds. The complete pesticide residue analysis including clean-up of about six food samples can be completed by one person in 8 hours.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 273-274 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 317-319 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, fused silica ; Drug screening ; Fused silica capillary column ; Toxicology ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 436-440 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Superox-4 pretreatment, deactivation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 480-487 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Residue mixtures ; Inlet characteristics ; Injection procedure ; Repeatability ; Linearity ; Quantification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Residue mixtures of pesticides in foods which were difficult to separate by packed-column gas chromatography were determined by capillary gas chromatography and electron capture detection. Manual injections of sample and reference standard were made with a 10 μL syringe on a septum-enclosed, split/ splitless inlet system. Optimal peak height repeatability (± 3%( was achieved with three-μL injections which were made within time periods of four hours or less. The average linearity coefficient (slope( obtained for detector response as a function of solution concentration was 1.1.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 497-500 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, fused silica ; On-column injection ; Solvent polarity ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 501-504 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Van Deemter curves ; Thick film columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 33
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 504-507 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Effluent splitting ; Polyimide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 34
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 510-511 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Optically active compounds ; Determination of trace amounts ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 35
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 567-568 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solvent effect ; Headspace analysis ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 36
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 101-103 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; GC/MS ; Drugs of abuse ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 37
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 133-139 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Advantages of very thick coatings ; Separation efficiency correlated with film thickness ; Preparation of columns with very thick coatings ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It has become common practice with capillary columns to call film thicknesses of 0.1 - 0.3 μm regular or standard, whereas 0.3 - 1.0 μm is considered to denote thick films. Consequently, films with thickness beyond 1μm (we have explored the range up to 8.0 μm) may be termed very thick. Increasing film thickness, at least to about 5 μm, brings important additionl advantages primarily in terms of loading capacity. Columns with very thick coatings may replace the traditional SCOT columns thanks to at least equivalent loading capacity combined with higher separation efficiency, and better stability characteristics. Additional advantages are increased retention, essential for the analysis of very volatile substances, and increased elution temperature, providing a basis for direct water injection.We observe that TZ (the separation number) drops to roughly 50% when the film thickness is increased by a factor of 300 from 0.025 to 8.0 μm, provided TZ is measured with a standard flow of hydrogen. The reduction is only 30% when the thick-film colums are run with individual optimization with nitrogen as a carrier gas. In contrast to standard columns, very thickly coated columns show slightly increased separation efficiency with nitrogen at drastically reduced flow rate. The HETP increases very slightly in the indicated range of flim thickness. This contradicts widespread theoretical expectations, which probably account for the fact that very thick coatings have so far been neglected. Since the preparation of very thick coatings involves some deviations from the standard procedure, complete and detailed instructions are given.
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  • 38
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 153-155 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Immobilization of moderately polar phases ; Combination of surface bonding and crosslinking ; Vinyl groups in the support surface ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Automated analysis ; Solvent vapor ; Gas sampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solvent vapors in air may be measured with capillary gas chromatographic columns. By using large diameter columns and sample loops of approximately the same internal diameter, the column may be connected directly to the gas sampling valve. This approach eliminates the use of a splitter or cryogenic trapping and allows low levels to be measured. By operating the column at high velocity, column efficiency is sacrificed for increase in speed.
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  • 40
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 232-235 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Inlets ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Dynamic versus static leaching ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is well known that removal of metal ions from the glass surface greatly improves both the thermal stability and the adsorption characteristics of glass capillary columns. Usually metal ions are removed from a glass surface by acid leaching; in particular, the static leaching procedure with hydrochloric acid is used very often for the preparation of glass capillary columns. This paper discusses the results of an investigation into dynamic leaching. Special attention is paid to those factors which affect the adsorption properties of the leached surface. The importance of the non-specific adsorptivity of the capillary surface due to changes of surface properties induced by the leaching process is pointed out.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 42
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 281-282 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Si-OR, bonded stationary phase ; Change of physical state ; Retention mechanism ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 43
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 292-299 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; GC/MS/DS ; Cryotrapping of organics ; Cryofocusing of organics ; Trace organic analysis ; Priority pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A 30 m, 0.25 mm ID, fused silica capillary column at temperatures from -60 to -100°C has been shown to be a quantitative trap for organic compounds with volatilities ranging from that of 1, 1 -dichloroethene that of chlorobenzene. This type of “whole column cryotrapping” provided sharp peaks (peak width approximately 4-7 seconds) for all compounds at a trapping temperature of -80°C and with high carrier gas pressures and linear velocities (30 psi and 110 cm/s, respectively). Whole column cryotrapping possesses great simplicity, chromatographic efficiency (no trapping loop connections), and a built-in indicator of quality assurance for trapping efficiency (i.e., peak shape). These advantages are extremely attractive and are indicative of the fact that the potential of this approach has not yet been fully appreciated.
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  • 44
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 386-387 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; On column injection ; Movable injector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 45
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 388-389 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary micro-packed columns ; Separation characteristics ; Application ; Separation of hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 46
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 444-445 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular columns ; Reduced diameter ; High pressure ; Coating reservoir ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 47
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 448-450 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Solute focussing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 48
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 561-563 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary ; On-column injection ; Rotary valve ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 49
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 564-565 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Splitless injection ; Trace analysis ; EPA phenols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 50
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 36-37 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cryogenic focusing ; On-column, pre-column trapping ; Volatile aroma compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 51
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 42-44 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mg(NO3)2 .6H2O as stationary phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 52
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 60-63 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cold silanization ; Medium polarity columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Silane-coupling agents, commonly used for fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRP), were applied for deactivation of silanol sites in glass capillary columns prior to coating with mediumpolarity phases such as Carbowax and Superox. The columns, prepared in a two-stage process in the case of glass (acidic leaching and drying, dynamic cold silanization followed by static coating with the phase) or a one stage process in the case of fused silica, gave the best results when deactivation and hence wettability were induced by glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane.
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  • 53
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 228-231 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Sample introduction ; Splitless injection ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 54
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 319-321 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Small diameter capillary columns ; Static coating at elevated temperature ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 55
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 328-332 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica (capillary) columns ; Bonded (cross-linked ) phases ; Hydrocarbon analysis ; Retention index data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 56
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 366-370 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary column ; Chiral phase ; Amino acid enantiomers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heliflex Chirasil-Val, a modified form of the original Chirasil-Val phase coated on fused silica capillary, has been investigated with regard to its resolution efficiency and the separation profile for various enantiomeric derivatives of amino acid. The best results could be obtained with TFA-Et derivatives by reason of the relatively low column temperature required.
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  • 57
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 390-391 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Dispersive interactions ; Inductive interactions ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 58
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 422-426 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Stationary phase, polar ; DEGA ; Residue analysis of pesticides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polydiethylene glycol adipate (DEGA) has been successfully used as stationary phase for residue analysis by glass capillary gas chromatography. A specially stabilized version of the phase yields a good polar column which is stable up to 250°C when used in temperature programmed cycles. The paper lists 90 pesticides that have been successfully chromatographed in ng quantities on a DEGA column.
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  • 59
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 442-443 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cyclodextrin polymer beads ; Double retention mechanism ; Interaction energy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 60
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 40-42 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Splitless Injection ; Drug analysis ; Concentration dependence of retention values ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 61
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 185-188 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Injection ; Inlets ; Volume overloading ; Concentration overloading ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Residue analysis ; Fenvalerate ; Fabric protectant ; Woolen cloth ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the determination of fenvalerate (cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 4-chloro-α-(1-methylethyl)-benzeneacetate) residues on woolen cloth. The fenvalerate was Soxhlet-extracted from the treated fabric with acetone for four hours at a reflux rate of six solvent exchanges per hour. The fenvalerate residue was determined by gas-liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The results were quantitated by comparing integrator counts obtained from extracts of treated samples with those obtained from known standards. The method was sensitive to 0.00054% fenvalerate by weight. Recoveries from fabric treated with 0.00054% to 0.215% averaged 94.8%. The response of the detector was linear over a 400-fold range of fenvalerate concentrations.
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  • 63
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 213-215 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; HPLC sample work-up ; Valeriana celtica L ; Essential oil ; Nepetalactone, isovaleric acid ; Feline attractant ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 64
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 269-272 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention indices ; Specific retention volumes ; n-Alkanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The choice of stationary phase for gas chromatography is dictated by the nature of the analytes. Polarity and selectivity are known to play an important role. This paper suggests equations for calculation of specific retention volumes of any compounds from their retention indices.
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  • 65
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 279-281 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, glass ; Packed column ; Retention data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 66
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 392-393 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Hydrogen carrier gas ; Pt-Ir tubing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 67
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 507-509 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, glass ; GC/MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 68
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 661-665 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Injector systems ; On-column injection ; Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Dibenzothiophene oxide and dioxide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analytical methods are described for identification and monitoring of the oxygenated metabolites of dibenzothiophene. Since such compounds are thermolabile, GC analysis is seen to be hardly feasible with conventional injectors such as all-glass moving needle or splitless injectors. Only on-column injection gives no degradation products. In addition, reversed-phase HPLC is particularly suitable for the analysis of the sulfone or sulfoxides of dibenzothiophenes.
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  • 69
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 595-604 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; GC/MS ; Pyrolysis GC ; Pyrolysis MS ; Headspace sampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrolysis gas chromatography (P/GC) has been successful in differentiating coal tar pitches which are used in the manufacture of high temperature graphite materials [1,2]. In the present study, coal tar and petroleum pitches received from five suppliers were readily differentiated using three distinct methods of polymer analysis: dynamic headspace and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (DH/GC/MS and P/GC/MS, [3]), and pyrolysis mass spectrometry (P/MS, [4,5]). All of these methods are appropriate for the analysis and pattern recognition study of coal and petroleum products; however, methods which incorporate GC usually necessitate long analysis times and are subject to problems associated with gas chromatographic reproducibility (e.g. active sites [6], and nonconstant retention times). As a fingerprint analysis method, P/MS is rapid and ideally suited to computerized pattern recognition study of pitches due to the simple format of P/MS data (computer tabulation of normalized intensities versus masses); whereas, in the present study, the normalized peak area versus retention time date from DH/GC/MS and P/GC/MS analyses were not suitable for direct input to a computerized pattern recognition analysis program, (due to non-constant retention times and improper data format). One limitation is that P/MS does not provide positive identification of thermally evolved products (as can DH/GC/MS and P/GC/MS) due to the complexity of the spectra of a mixture of compounds produced by P/MS. Within the limits of the commercial instrumentation and computer programs used in this study, a combination of all three techniques provided the greatest capability for the differentiation of the five coal tar and petroleum based pitches studied.
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  • 70
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 623-624 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 71
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 621-622 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Multiplex GC ; Vacancy chromatograms ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 72
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 680-682 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary column ; Split injector ; Herbicides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 73
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 684-685 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Post column trap ; Alumina ; Halocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 74
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 690-693 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Selective on-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 75
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    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 269-284 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Phenols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Gas and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods in the analysis of phenols are reviewed. Among the great number of phenolic compounds analyzed, alkylphenols, chlorophenols, dihydroxy- and trihydroxybenzenes and biphenols are chiefly considered. The advantages and drawbacks of the methods are discussed, quoting the most important work. Relationships between the structural characteristics of phenols, the stationary phase structure, the mobile phase composition and the retention data are treated. Typical examples of the conditions for GC and HPLC analysis are summarized in tables. The literature comprises over 270 references, most of them recent.
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  • 76
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    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 421-425 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Purge and trap sampling ; Cryogenic focussing ; Water analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The most important operating parameters of a commercial purge and trap GC apparatus have been investigated. Band broadening problems arising from the slow desorption of compounds from the Tenax trap have been overcome by cryogenic focussing at the beginning of the column. Good results have been obtained with both packed and capillary columns. The sensitivity of the technique is sufficient to detect benzene in water at concentrations below 1μg kg−1 (1 ppb).
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  • 77
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 496 (1983), S. 40-46 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chlorobromoantimonate(V): Neue Darstellungsmethoden und 121Sb-NMR-UntersuchungenDie Darstellung von NEt4+SbCl4Br2- and NEt4+SbCl2Br4- wird beschrieben. Nach den Schwingungsspektren kann ihnen die cis-Konfiguration zugeordnet werden. Die synthetische Darstellung von allen Gliedern der Reihe NEt4+SbCl6-nBrn- wird diskutiert. Die NMR-Spektren von 121Sb in Acetonitril belegen den Halogenaustausch am SbV.
    Notes: The new tetraethylammonium tetrachlorodibromoantimonate(V) and dichlorotetrabromoantimonate(V) have been prepared and have been given a cis-structure from their vibrational spectra. The ways of synthesis of all the terms of the series NEt4+SbCl6-nBrn- are discussed; the 121Sb spectra of their solutions in CH3CN are given and show halide exchange around Sb(V).
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  • 78
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Phosphorus. 117. Synthesis and Properties of the Hexaorganyl-octaphosphanes(6) P8R6, R = Me, Et, PriThe Hexaorganyl-octaphosphanes(6) P8Me6 (1), P8Et6 (2), and P8Pr6i (3) have been obtained by reacting mixtures of the corresponding organyldichlorophosphanes and phosphorus(III) chloride with magnesium. In the case of 1 and 2 the organyl-cyclophosphanes (PR)n can also be used in the reaction with phosphorus(III) chloride and magnesium. Besides, mainly P7R5 as well as other polycyclic organylphosphanes are formed. 2 and 3 have been isolated as pure substances, whereas 1 was concentrated to ≃50 mol-% in the product mixture. According to their 31P-NMR spectra the three compounds possess a pentalane-analogous P8-skeleton with the substituents within each five-membered ring in trans position and the substituents of different five-membered rings next to the zero bridge in cis position; the organyl groups in the 3, 7 position are trans oriented with respect to the free electron pairs of the bridgehead atoms. Therefore, the structures of 1-3 differ from the known tert-butyl compound P8Bu6t, whereas the corresponding phosphorus hydride P8H6 has the same pentalane-analogous P8-skeleton, thus being a bicyclo[3.3.0]octaphosphane.
    Notes: Die Hexaorganyl-octaphosphane(6) P8Me6 (1), P8Et6 (2) und P8Pr6i (3) werden durch Reaktion von Gemischen aus den entsprechenden Organyldichlorphosphanen und Phosphor(III)-chlorid mit Magnesium erhalten. Im Fall von 1 und 2 können auch die Organylcyclophosphane (PR)n mit Phosphor(III)-chlorid und Magnesium umgesetzt werden. Daneben entstehen vor allem P7R5 sowie weitere mehrfachcyclische Organylphosphane. 2 und 3 wurden als Reinsubstanzen isoliert, 1 auf ≃50 Mol-% im Produktgemisch angereichert. Alle drei Verbindungen besitzen aufgrund ihrer Kernresonanzspektren ein Pentalan-analoges P8-Gerüst mit trans-ständigen Substituenten innerhalb jedes Fünfringes und cis-Stellung der zur Nullbrücke benachbarten Substituenten unterschiedlicher Fünfringe; die Organylgruppen in 3,7-Position sind dabei trans-ständig zu den freien Elektronenpaaren der Brückenkopfatome angeordnet. 1-3 unterscheiden sich demnach strukturell von der schon bekannten tert-Butylverbindung P8Bu6t, während das entsprechende Phosphorhydrid P8H6 das gleiche Pentalan-analoge P8-Gerüst besitzt, also ein Bicyclo[3.3.0]octaphosphan ist.
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  • 79
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 496 (1983), S. 80-93 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation of Elemental Phosphorus by Polysulfidic SulfurRed and white phosphorus are oxidized by aqueous solutions of alkali polysulfides. The reaction products are mixtures of thiophosphates, which contain compounds with phosphorus in different oxidation states. Some novel thiopolyphosphates have been isolated from these mixtures, their anions having chains or rings of directly connected phosphorus atoms. Reactions of tetraphosphorus trisulfide under the same conditions also lead to thiopolyphosphates with P—P bonds.
    Notes: Roter und weißer Phosphor werden von wäßrigen Alkalipolysulfidlösungen oxidiert. Die Reaktionsprodukte sind Gemische von Thiophosphaten, die aus Verbindungen unterschiedlicher Oxydationsstufen des Phosphors bestehen. Aus ihnen konnten einige neue Thiopolyphosphate isoliert werden, deren Anionen ketten- oder ringförmig miteinander verbundene Phosphoratome enthalten. Umsetzungen von Tetraphosphortrisulfid unter gleichen Bedingungen führen ebenfalls zu Thiopolyphosphaten mit P—P-Bindungen.
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  • 80
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 497 (1983), S. 70-78 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Oxocuprates(I): On CsCuONew obtained is CsCuO, powder as well as transparent single crystals yellow greenish. The orthorhombic structure (Ama2, a = 5.086(1), b = 10.238(2), c = 5.899(1) Å, Z = 4, four-circle-diffractometer data, R = 9.6% for 379 hkl, MoKα) is characterized by “zick-zack”-chains infin;1[CuO2/2] parallel to [100], which are not tied together by additional Cu+. Motifs of mutual adjunction, Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, and the Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, are calculated and discussed.
    Notes: Neu dargestellt wurde CsCuO, Pulver und transparente Einkristalle gelbgrün. Die orthorhombische Struktur (Ama2, a = 5,086(1), b = 10,238(2), c = 5,899(1) Å, Z = 4, Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten, R = 9,6% für 379 hkl, MoKα) ist charakterisiert durch Zick-Zack-Ketten infin;1[CuO2/2] entlang [100], die nicht durch weitere Cu+ verknüpft sind.Die Motive der gegenseitigen Zuordnung, Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, sowie der Madelung-Anteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, werden berechnet und diskutiert.
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  • 81
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 497 (1983), S. 105-118 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Massenspektroskopische Untersuchung der Zersetzung und die Bildungsenthalpie von CuInS2(f)Die Gleichgewichtsverdampfung von CuInS2(f) wurde massenspektroskopisch nach der Knudsenmethode im Temperaturbereich 902 - 1110 K untersucht. Danach zersetzt sich CuInS2(f) unter Gleichgewichtsbedingungen nach der Redaktion 2 CuInS2(f) = Cu2S(f) + In2S(g) + S2(g). Während der anfänglich zeitabhängigen Verdampfung von CuInS2(f) verändern sich die beobachteten Ionenintensitäten von In2S+ und S2+, um nach einiger Zeit Gleichgewichtswerte anzunehmen. Aus den unter Gleichgewichtsbedingungen gemessenen Intensitäten als Funktion der Temperatur ergibt sich die Enthalpie der obigen Zersetzungsreaktion (2 Mole CuInS2) zu ΔH298° 630,9 = 26 kJ. Mit diesem Wert und zusätzlichen thermochemischen Daten wurde die Bildungsenthalpie des CuInS2(f), ΔH298,f° = -221,7 ± 13 kJ/mol, berechnet.
    Notes: The equilibrium vaporization of CuInS2(s) was studied by Knudsen cell mass spectrometric techniques in the temperature range 902 - 1110 K. Based on these and independent congruency studies, CuInS2(s) decomposes under steady-state conditions according to the reaction 2CuInS2(s) = Cu2S(s) + In2S(g) + S2(g). During the initial transient period of the vaporization of CuInS2, the ion intensities of In2S+ and S2+ change and assume steady-state values after some time. A second-law evaluation of intensity versus temperature data, obtained under steady-state conditions, yielded a value for the heat of the above decomposition reaction (2 moles of CuInS2) of δH298° 630.9 ± 26 kJ. With this quantity and auxiliary thermochemical data, the enthalpy of formation of CuInS2(s) was computed to be δH298.s° = -221.7 ± 13 kJ/mol.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Hydrates of the Type MX2 · 1 H2O with M = Sr, Ba and X = Cl, Br, I. Crystal Structures of Strontium Chloride Monohydrate, SrCl2 · 1 H2O, and Strontium Bromide Monohydrate, SrBr2 · 1 H2OThe structures of SrCl2 · 1 H2O, orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 1088.1(1), b = 416.2(1), c = 886.4(1) pm, Z = 4, dc = 2.92 Mg m-3, R = 0.052 for 755 reflections, and of SrBr2 · 1 H2O, orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 1146.4(1), b = 429,5(1), c = 922.9(1) pm, Z = 4, dc = 3.88 Mg m-3, R = 0.056 for 762 reflections have been determined from a Patterson synthesis and refined by Fourier and Least Squares methods. The structure consists of [SrX2 = H2O]n-layers normal to [100] and Sr—H2O—Sr—H2O-chains parallel [010]. The Sr—O distances are 265.1(3) pm, SrCl2 · 1 H2O, and 265.9(4) pm, SrBr2 · 1 H2O. The shortest Sr—Cl and Sr—Br distances (298.9(1) and 315.3(1) pm) are within the layers. The environment of oxygen and strontium is a distorted tricapped trigonal prism. The orientation of the water molecules has been determined from vibrational spectroscopic measurements. The hydrogen atoms H1 and H2 form bifurcated hydrogen bonds of different strength to neighbouring halide ions. The corresponding O···X distances are 331.9(4) and 320.2(4) pm, SrCl2 · 1 H2O, and 340.8(4) and 333.8(4) pm, SrBr2 · 1 H2O. The other O—X distances are between 310.3(5) and 323.7(5) pm, SrCl2 · 1 H2O, and 323.5(5) and 333.2(6) pm, SrBr2 · 1 H2O.
    Notes: Die Strukturen des SrCl2 · 1 H2O, orthorhombisch, Pnma, a = 1088,1(1), b = 416,2(1), c = 886,4(1) pm, Z = 4, drö = 2,92 Mg m-3, R = 0,052 für 755 Reflexe und des SrBr2 · 1 H2O, orthorhombisch, Pnma, a = 1146,4(1), b = 429,5(1), c = 922,9(1) pm, Z = 4, drö = 3,88 Mg m-3, R = 0,056 für 762 Reflexe wurden nach der Schweratommethode bestimmt und mit Fourier- und Least-squares-Verfahren verfeinert. Die Struktur besteht aus [SrX2 · H2O]n-Schichten senkrecht [100] mit Sr—H2O—Sr—H2O-Zick-Zack-Ketten parallel [010]. Die Sr—O-Abstände betragen 265,1(3) pm beim SrCl2 · 1 H2O und 265,9(4) pm beim SrBr2 · 1 H2O. Die kürzesten Sr—Cl- und Sr—Br-Abstände (298,9(1) bzw. 315,3(1) pm) liegen innerhalb der Schichten. Die Umgebung des Sauerstoffs und des Strontiums ist verzerrt tricapped-trigonal-prismatisch. Die Orientierung der Kristallwassermoleküle konnte mit Hilfe schwingungsspektroskopischer Messungen bestimmt werden. Die Wasserstoffatome H1 und H2 bilden verzweigte, unterschiedlich starke Wasserstoffbrücken zu benachbarten Halogenidionen aus. Die entsprechenden O···X-Abstände sind 331,9(4) und 320,2(4) pm beim SrCl2 · 1 H2O bzw. 340,8(4) und 333,8(4) pm beim SrBr2 · 1 H2O. Die übrigen O—X-Abstände liegen zwischen 310,3(5) und 323,7(5) pm beim SrCl2 · 1 H2O bzw. 323,5(5) und 333,2(6) pm beim SrBr2 · 1H2O.
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  • 83
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 497 (1983), S. 176-184 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: “Fragmentation” and “Aggregation” on Lead Oxides. On the Oligooxoplumbate(IV) K2Li6[Pb2O8]For the first time, the dinuclear Oxoplumbate(IV) K2Li6[Pb2O8] has been prepared as transparent colourless single crystals by heating mixtures of K2PbO3, Li2O, and “PbO2” with K:Li:Pb = 1:3:1 e. g. [Ag-cylinders, sealed under vacuum in Supremax-glass ampoule, 660°C, 120 d]. The structure determination verifies the space group P1 with a = 6.9720(9), b = 5.9252(6), c = 5.9312(7) Å, α = 88.05(1)°, β = 107.94(1)°, γ = 107.30(1)°; dx = 4.95 g · cm-3, dpyk = 4.91 g · cm-3; Z = 1, [2107 symmetry independent hkl, fourcircle-diffractometer Philips PW 1100, ω - 2Θ - scan, MoKα, R = 5.07%, Rw = 4.59%, absorption not considered]. The structure is characterized by the group [Pb2O8]  -  two edge connected (equatorial/apical) trigonal bipyramids  -  that is observed for the first time. Several ways of synthesis are given. The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, these via Mean Effective Ionic Radii, MEFIR, are calculated.
    Notes: Neu dargestellt wurde als erstes zweikerniges Oxoplumbat(IV) K2Li6[Pb2O8] in Form farbloser, durchsichtiger Einkristalle aus z. B. K2PbO3, Li2O und «PbO2» mit K:Li:Pb = 1:3:1 [Ag-Bömbchen, unter Vakuum in Supremaxglasampulle eingeschmolzen, 660°C, 120 d]. Nach der Strukturbestimmung [2107 Io(hkl), Vierkreisdiffraktometer PW 1100 (Fa. Philips), ω - 2Θ - scan, MoKα; R = 5,07% und Rw = 4,59%, Absorption nicht berücksichtigt; a = 6,9720(9), b = 5,9252(6), c = 5,9312(7) Å, α = 88,05(1)°, β = 107,94(1)°, γ = 107,30(1)°, drö = 4,95 g · cm-3, dpyk = 4,91 g · cm-3; Z = 1] liegt die Raumgruppe P1 vor, mit C.N. 5 für Pb4+  -  zwei trigonal Bipyramiden von O2- um Pb4+ sind über eine gemeinsame Kante (äquatorial/apical) verknüpft. Mehrere Synthesewege werden angegeben. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE und Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, diese über Mittlere Effektive Ionenradien, MEFIR, werden berechnet.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Investigation of Inorganic Non-stoichiometric Compounds. XX. Metastable Oxidation of a Series of Solid Solutions  -  an Access to W-rich Block Structures in the System Nb2O5/WO3The characteristical region of existence of block structures with building elements that are limited in size in two directions ends in the system Nb2O5/WO3, as was shown by previous investigations, under conditions of equilibrium at a maximum value of 2.654 O/ΣM. For the occurring phases with the ratios Nb2O5: WO3 = 6:1, = 7:3, = 8:5 and = 9:8 as well we now were successful in substituting W for Nb. The original block structure and the corresponding ratio O/ΣM were preserved. The “9:8”-phase W4/4[Nb18W7O69], for example, forms solid solutions W4/4[Nb11W14O69] leaving the size of the building elements ([5 times; 5] blocks) unchanged. Hereby the ratio W/Nb is drastically enhanced from 0.444 to 1.364. By metastable oxidation of these solid solutions at temperatures of about 500°C, for instance in air, one comes back to the system Nb2O5/WO3. In this way the region of existence of block structures could be expanded far beyond the limit at 2.654 O/ΣM to higher W/Nb values.
    Notes: Das charakteristische Existenzgebiet der Blockstrukturen mit zweidimensional begrenzten Bauelementen endet im System Nb2O5/WO3, wie bereits frühere Untersuchungen gezeigt haben, unter Gleichgewichtsbedingungen bei einem Maximalwert von 2,654 O/O/ΣM (M = Nb, W). Es gelang nun, in den mit den Verhältnissen Nb2O5: WO3 = 6:1, 7:3, 8:5 sowie 9:8 auftretenden Phasen im weiten Umfang Nb durch W zu substituieren, wobei ihre ursprüngliche Blockstruktur und das jeweilige Verhältnis O/ΣM erhalten blieben. So bildet z. B. die «9:8»-Phase W4/4[Nb18W7O69] bei unveränderter Größe der Bauelemente ([5 × 5]-Blöcke) einen Mischkristall W4/4[Nb11W14O69]; das Verhältnis W/Nb wird damit drastisch von 0,444 auf 1,364 erhöht. Durch metastabile Oxydation der so erhaltenen Mischkristalle bei Temperaturen um 500°C, z. B. an der Luft, gelangt man in das System Nb2O5/WO3 zurück. Das Existenzgebiet der Blockstrukturen konnte in dieser Weise bis weit über die Grenze bei 2,654 O/ΣM hinaus zu höheren W/Nb-Werten erweitert werden.
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  • 85
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 497 (1983), S. 93-104 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations of the Ionic Transport Properties in Solid CaSTransference measurements clearly indicate in direct manner the predominant motion of divalent Ca2+ ions in CaS. The ac impedance was measured as a function of the sulfur partial pressure in the range from 10-1 to 10-8 atm from 900 to 1300 K in the frequency range from 10 Hz to 170 kHz. The conductivity is independent of the sulfur partial pressure below about 10-5 atm and increases with the 6th root of the sulfur partial pressure at higher pS2 (1100 - 1300 K). The conductivity σ of CaS is 3.9 · 10-6 ω-1 cm-1 at 1000 K. The activation enthalpy of σ T is 1.15 eV. The dependence of the conductivity from the sulfur partial pressure is explained in terms of a Schottky type defect model for CaS.
    Notes: Überführungsmessungen an CaS zeigen eindeutig und auf direkte Weise, daß zweiwertige Calciumionen die überwiegend beweglichen Ladungsträger darstellen. Die Impedanz wurde im Frequenzbereich 10 Hz  -  170 kHz als Funktion des Schwefelpartialdrucks von 10-1 bis 10-8 atm über das Temperaturintervall 900 - 1300 K gemessen. Die Leitfähigkeit ist unabhängig vom Schwefelpartialdruck unterhalb etwa 10-5 atm und steigt mit der 6. Wurzel aus dem Schwefelpartialdruck bei höheren Drücken an (1100 - 1300 K). Die Leitfähigkeit σ von CaS beträgt bei 1000 K 3,9 · 10-6 ω-1 cm-1. Die Aktivierungsenthalpie von σ T ist 1,15 eV. Die Abhängigkeit der Leitfähigkeit vom Schwefelpartialdruck läßt sich durch die Annahme eines Schottky-Fehlordnungsmodells erklären.
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  • 86
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 498 (1983), S. 50-56 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nucleophilic Addition of Triorganotin Anions to Carbon Disulfide. IV. Synthesis and Complex Formation of 1,n-Bis(triphenylstannanedithiocarboxylic) Alkylene EstersThe reaction of lithium triphenylstannanedithiocarboxylate with 1,n-dibromo-alkanes in THF solution yields for 3 ≤ n ≤ 6 stable 1,n-bis(triphenylstannanedithiocarboxylic) alkylene esters I-IV whereas for n = 1,2 elimination takes place. Only the propylene and butylene esters I, II (L) form with irradiated metal carbonyls neutral dinuclear complexes of the type M—L—M (M = W(CO)5, CpMn(CO)2) with monodentate coordination of the thiocarbonyl group on each side. Since the esters I-IV preferably adopt the open n-alkane conformation, no formation of a chelate ring occurs from steric reasons.
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von Lithium-triphenylstannandithiocarboxylat mit 1,n-Dibromalkanen in THF-Lösung liefert für 3 ≤ n ≤ 6 stabile 1,n-Bis(triphenylstannandithiocarbonsäure)alkylenester I-IV, während für n = 1,2 Eliminierungsreaktionen ablaufen. Nur die Propylen- und Butylenester I, II (L) bilden mit photochemisch aktivierten Metallcarbonylen neutrale Zweikern-Komplexe des Typs M—L—M (M = W(CO)5, CpMn(CO)2) mit jeweils einzähniger Koordination der Thiocarbonylgruppe. Da die Ester I-IV bevorzugt in der offenen n-Alkan-Konformation vorliegen, erfolgt aus sterischen Gründen keine Chelatring-Bildung.
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  • 87
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 498 (1983), S. 75-84 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Novel High Pressure Modifications of Rare Earth Trichlorides in the RhF3-TypeThe results of high pressure investigations on Rare Earth trichlorides crystallizing with the AlCl3-type arrangement under normal conditions are reported. In addition to the PuBr3-type geometry, formed at higher pressures, a new structure type is found in a lower pressure range. This high pressure phase is isotypic with the RhF3-type arrangement, which so far has only been found with fluorides. It is packed more efficiently and shows a slightly higher primary coordination due to the higher symmetry of the coordination polyhedra compared with that of the original AlCl3-type structure. We present a model for the mechanism of transformation.
    Notes: Wir berichten über Hochdruckversuche an Seltenerd-Trichloriden, die unter Normalbedingungen im AlCl3-Typ kristallisieren. Zusätzlich zu dem bei höheren Drücken gefundenen PuBr3-Typ tritt in mittleren Druckbereichen eine neue Struktur auf, deren Isotypie zum RhF3-Typ durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse nachgewiesen werden konnte und die unter Normalbedingungen bislang nur bei Fluoriden beobachtet wurde. Sie stellt eine dichtere Packung dar und zeigt eine höhere Primärkoordination durch Symmetrisierung. Wir diskutieren ein Modell für den Verlauf der strukturellen Reorganisation.
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  • 88
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 498 (1983), S. 105-114 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Pentachlorothallates(III) K2TlCl5 · 2 H2O and M2TlCl5 · H2O (M = Rb, NH4)The pentachlorothallates(III) K2TlCl5 · 2 H2O and M2TlCl5 · H2O (M = Rb, NH4) were obtained by crystallization from aqueous solutions of TlCl3 and MCl. The crystal structure of the monoclinic K2TlCl5 · 2 H2O contains dimeric Tl2Cl10 anions formed by two edge sharing octahedra. The orthorhombic monohydrates are isotypic with Cs2[TlCl5(OH2)].
    Notes: Die Pentachlorothallate(III) K2TlCl5 · 2 H2O und M2TlCl5 · H2O (M = Rb, NH4) wurden durch Kristallisation aus wäßrigen Lösungen von TlCl3 und MCl erhalten. In der Kristallstruktur des monoklinen K2TlCl5 · 2 H2O sind dimere Anionen in Form von kantenverknüpften Tl2Cl10-Doppeloktaeder enthalten. Die rhombischen Monohydrate sind isotyp mit Cs2[TlCl5(OH2)].
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 498 (1983), S. 115-120 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Transition Metal Alkyl Compounds. XXXIV. Synthesis and Properties of 3-(N,N-dialkylamino)propyl Manganese CompoundsMnCl2 reacts with lithium organyls of the type R2N(CH2)3Li with formation of definite organomanganese complexes. The pure [(CH3)2N(CH2)3]2Mn, [(C2H5)2N(CH2)3]2Mn, [(CH2)5N(CH2)3]2Mn and the complexes [(CH3)2N(CH2)3]2Mn · LiCl and Li{Mn[(CH2)3N(CH3)2]3} · 1,5 THF were isolated.[(CH3)2N(CH2)3]2Mn · 2 Li(acac) was obtained as a result of reactions of Mn(acac)2 and Mn(acac)3 with the corresponding lithium organyl.The σ-organomanganese(II) derivatives were characterized in detail by elementary analysis, molecular weight determination, ESR- and IR-spectra, conductivity measurements and the magnetic moments.
    Notes: MnCl2 reagiert mit Lithiumorganylen des Typs R2N(CH2)3Li zu definierten Organomanganverbindungen. In reiner Form wurden [(CH3)2N(CH2)3]2Mn, [(C2H5)2N(CH2)3]2Mn, [(CH2)5N(CH2)3]2Mn und Komplexe der Zusammensetzung [(CH3)2N(CH2)3]2Mn · LiCl und Li{Mn-[(CH2)3N(CH3)2]3} · 1,5 THF isoliert. Ausgehend von Mn(acac)2 und Mn(acac)3 wurde [(CH3)2N(CH2)3]2Mn · 2 Li(acac) erhalten.Die nähere Charakterisierung der σ-Organomangan(II)-Derivate erfolgt durch Elementaranalysen, kryoskopische Molmassebestimmungen, ESR- und IR-Untersuchungen, Leitfähigkeitsmessungen und Ermittlung der magnetischen Momente.
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 497 (1983), S. 240-240 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 498 (1983), S. 15-19 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation and Crystal Structure of PI4+AlI4-PI4+AlI4- was prepared and its crystal structure determined by single crystal X-ray data (orthorhombic, Pna21, a = 1109.4, b = 1048.5, c = 1529.3 pm, V = 1778.8 · 106 pm3, Z = 4). The nearly tetrahedral cations and anions (mean P—I and Al—I distances: 239.6 and 251.8 pm respectively) are connected to a three-dimensional structure by weak iodine-iodine bonds (338.6-345.1 pm).
    Notes: Die Verbindung PI4+AlI4- wurde dargestellt und ihre Kristallstruktur aus Einkristall-Diffraktometerdaten bestimmt (orthorhombisch, Pna21, a = 1109,4, b = 1048,5, c = 1529,3 pm V = 1778,8 · 106 pm3, Z = 4).Die nahezu tetraedrischen Kationen und Anionen (mittlere P—I- und Al—I-Abstände: 239,6 bzw. 251,8 pm) sind durch schwach-bindende Iod-Iod-Wechselwirkungen (338,6-345,1 pm) dreidimensional miteinander verknüpft.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 498 (1983), S. 25-40 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Finestructure in the Vibrational and Electronic Absorption Spectra of [CrO4]2- and [MnO4]-The ir and ra spectra of Tl2[CrO4] and (C2H5)4N[MnO4] are measured and assigned. Details of the preresonance- and resonance-Raman effect are discussed. The exact knowledge of the vibrational spectrum enables the understanding of the complicated vibrational finestructure in the electronic absorption spectrum of (C2H5)4N[MnO4]. For the states of the charge-transfer t1 → e* bands are found at 15 000, 15 170 cm-1 for 1T1(I), at 17 646, 17 708, 17 809 cm-1 for 1T2(II) and at 17 920, 17 992 and 18 080 cm-1 for 3T2(III). The electronic origin for the states of the t2 → e* chargetransfer is at 24 661 for 1T1(IV) and 30 230 cm-1 for 1T2(V). The vibrational coupling is only with the totally symmetric Mn—O-stretching-vibration. Bands at 29 500 cm-1 and 44 450 cm-1 are assigned to the 1T2-states of the t1, t2 → t2* charge-transfer.
    Notes: Die IR- und Ra-Spektren von Tl2[CrO4] und (C2H5)4N[MnO4] werden gemessen und zugeordnet. Die Besonderheiten des Präresonanz- und Resonanz-Raman-Effektes werden diskutiert. Die genaue Kenntnis des Schwingungsspektrums ermöglicht es, die komplizierte Schwingungsfeinstruktur im elektronischen Absorptionsspektrum von (C2H5)4N[MnO4] aufzuklären. Für die aus der Elektronenübertragung t1 → e* resultierenden Zustände findet man Banden bei 15 000, 15 170 cm-1 für 1T1(I), bei 17 646, 17 708, 17 809 cm-1 für 1T2(II) und bei 17 920, 17 992 und 18 080 cm-1 für 3T2(III). Für die aus der t2 → e*-Anregung resultierenden Zustände liegen Banden bei 24 661 cm-1 für 1T1(IV) und 30 230 cm-1 für 1T2(V). Die Schwingungskopplung erfolgt nur mit der totalsymmetrischen Mn—O-Valenzschwingung. Die Banden bei 29 500 cm-1 und 44 450 cm-1 werden den Zuständen 1T2 der Anregung t1, t2 → t2* zugeordnet.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 499 (1983), S. 15-19 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure of SrHg(SCN)4 · 3 H2OSrHg(SCN)4 · 3 H2O is orthorhombic, space group Pcca, with a = 19.476(7), b = 8.150(1), c = 8.991(3) Å, V = 1427.1 Å3, Z = 4, dc = 2.67 g · cm-3, μ(AgKα) = 77.95 cm-1.The salt consists of nearly tetrahedral Hg(SCN)4 groups, Sr has a tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination: four N and five O atoms. The thiocyanate groups form end-to-end bridges and connect the Hg and Sr coordination polyhedra.
    Notes: SrHg(SCN)4 · 3H2O ist orthorhombisch, Raumgruppe Pcca, mit a = 19,476(7), b = 8,150(1), c = 8,991(3) Å, V = 1427,1 Å3, Z = 4, dc = 2,67 g · cm-3, μ(AgKα) = 77,95 cm-1.In der Verbindung sind annähernd tetraedrische Hg(SCN)4-Einheiten enthalten. Sr besitzt eine tricapped trigonal prismatische Koordination (4 N- und 5 O-Atome). Die Thiocyanatogruppen liegen als end-to-end-Brücken vor und verbinden die beiden Koordinationspolyeder.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Characterization of cis- and trans-Bis(benzonitrile)dichloroplatinum(II). X-Ray Structure Analysis of Both the cis- and trans-SpeciesThe compounds cis- and trans-(C6H5CN)2PtCl2 were synthesized and characterized by means of IR and Raman spectroscopy and by X-Ray structure analysis. The trans-species crystallizes triclinic, Ci1 - 1, the cis-compound monoclinic, C2h5 - P21/c.
    Notes: Die Verbindungen cis- und trans-(C6H5CN)2PtCl2 wurden hergestellt und mittels IR- und Raman-Untersuchungen sowie durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen eindeutig charakterisiert. Die trans-Spezies kristallisiert triklin, Ci1 - P1, die cis-Verbindung monoklin, C2h5 - P21/c.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 499 (1983), S. 109-116 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydroxo Compounds. 9. Barium Oxohydroxostannate(II) Ba[SnO(OH)]2The pale yellow barium hydroxostannate(II), to which different stoichiometries have been assigned in the past, is now identified doubtlessly as Ba[SnO(OH)]2. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 (a = 759.4(2) pm, b = 576.2(1) pm, c = 717.4(2) pm, β = 107.67(2)°, Z = 2, R = 0.038, 645 Ihkl) and exhibits a typical layer structure. Ba[SnO(OH)]2 contains a new structural element in tin(II) chemistry, which is a one dimensional polyanion ∞1[SnO(OH)]- with syndiotactical conformation. In the context with the structures of two Na-hydroxostannates(II) which were characterized recently, the polyanion can be looked at as an intermediate condensation product of a (topotactical ?) reaction to SnO which all known hydroxostannates(II) undergo.
    Notes: Das blaßgelbe Bariumhydroxostannat(II), dem früher unterschiedliche Formeln zugeschrieben wurden, konnte nunmehr eindeutig als Ba[SnO(OH)]2 identifiziert werden. Die Verbindung kristallisiert monoklin in P21 (a = 759,4(2) pm, b = 576,2(1) pm, c = 717,4(2) pm, β = 107,67(2)°, Z = 2, R = 0,038, 645 Ihkl) mit einer ausgeprägten Schichtstruktur. Ba[SnO(OH)]2 enthält das für Sn(II)-Verbindungen neue Strukturelement eines eindimensional unendlichen Polyanions ∞1[SnO(OH)]- mit syndiotaktischer Konformation. Im Zusammenhang mit den Strukturen der kürzlich charakterisierten Na-Hydroxo-Stannate(II) kann das Polyanion als intermediäres Kondensationsprodukt einer (topotaktischen ?) Bildung von SnO angesehen werden, der alle bisher bekannten Hydroxostannate(II) unterliegen.
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  • 96
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 499 (1983), S. 145-152 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure of SrGa2Se4, a New Variant of the TlSe TypeThe new compound SrGa2Se4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (space group Cccm) with constants see „Inhaltsübersicht“. The structure is a new variant of the TlSe-structure type.
    Notes: Die neue Verbindung SrGa2Se4 kristallisiert orthorhombisch (Raumgruppe Cccm) mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 1901,7 ± 0,6, b = 3233,9 ± 1,2, c = 3268,6 ± 1,2 pm. Die Struktur läßt sich als eine neue Besetzungsvariante des TlSe-Strukturtyps beschreiben.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 499 (1983), S. 153-160 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Mixed-valent Oxoplumbates. On Rb2Pb4O7 = Rb2Pb2IIPb2IVO7For the first time, Rb2Pb4O7 has been prepared by annealing mixtures of Rb2O3 and PbO with Rb:Pb = 1:2 [Ag-cylinders, sealed under vacuum in Duran-glass ampoule, 450°C, 30 d (single crystals)]. The rubin red single crystals are of longish [001] shape. The structure determination [5162 symmetry independent hkl, four-circle-diffractometer CAD 4 (Fa. Enraf-Nonius), ω-2Θ - scan, AgKα, ψ-scan absorption correction, R = 7.54%, RW = 7.71%] confirms the space group P1 with a = 1036.00(10), b = 733.72(8), c = 663.54(10) pm, α = 90.049(12)°, β = 99.236(12)°, γ = 101.641(12)°, Z = 2, drö = 7,58 g · cm-3, dpyk = 7,55 g · cm-3. The structure is characterized by a layer-lattice. The coordination number is three for Pb2+, six for Pb4+. The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, these via Mean Effective Ionic Radii, MEFIR, are calculated.
    Notes: Neu dargestellt wurde Rb2Pb4O7 durch Reaktion von Rb2O3 mit PbO mit Rb:Pb = 1:2 [Ag-Bömbchen, Vakuum, Duranglasampulle, 450°C, 30 d (Einkristalle)]. Rubinrote Einkristalle von länglichem Habitus (längs [001]). Die Strukturaufklärung [5162 hkl, Vierkreisdiffraktometer CAD 4 (Fa. Enraf-Nonius), ω-2Θ - scan, AgKα, ψ-scan Absorptionskorrektur, R = 7,54%, RW = 7,71%] belegt Raumgruppe P1 mit a = 1036,00(10), b = 733,72(8), c = 663,54(10) pm, α = 90,049(12)°, β = 99,236(12)°, γ = 101,641(12)°, Z = 2, drö = 7,58 g · cm-3, dpyk = 7,55 g · cm-3. Es liegt eine Schichtstruktur vor. C.N. 6 für Pb4+, C.N. 3 für Pb2+. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, diese über Mittlere Effektive Ionenradien, MEFIR, werden berechnet.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [CdCl2(C2H4(OH)2)]3 · C2H4(OH)2  -  a New Type of Ethanediol-1,2 Coordination CompoundsThe coordination compound crystallizes with triclinic symmetry in space group P1; a = 10.418(2), b = 10.739(2), c = 11.053(2) Å, α = 86.04(2), β = 67.68(1), γ = 88.23(2)°; Z = 2, dcalc. = 2.32 g/cm3, R(F) = 0.031. The structure consists of Cd(C2H6O2)Cl4/2 octahedra with two edges (Cl double bridges) in common which form endless chains along [111]. A new orientational sequence of the unique ligand C2H6O2 in the chain is found. The C2H6O2 solvent molecule is located between the chains. Hydroxyl groups are involved in different H bridging systems which cause for all C2H6O2 molecules a different conformation. This is confirmed by the results of IR and Raman spectra.
    Notes: Die Koordinationsverbindung kristallisiert triklin in der Raumgruppe P1; a = 10,418(2), b = 10,739(2), c = 11,053(2) Å; α = 86,04(2), β = 67,68(1); γ = 88,23(2)°; Z = 2, dber. = 2,32 g/cm3, R(F) = 0,031. Die Struktur besteht aus den Koordinationsoktaedern Cd(C2H6O2)Cl4/2, die über zwei gemeinsame Kanten (Cl-Doppelbrücken) unendliche Ketten längs [111] bilden. Dabei tritt eine neue Variante der gegenseitigen Anordnung der ausgezeichneten Ethandiolliganden auf. Das Solvat-C2H6O2-Molekül befindet sich zwischen den Ketten. Durch unterschiedlichen Einbau der OH-Gruppen in H-Brückenbindungssysteme werden alle C2H6O2 konformativ unterschiedlich, wie auch IR- und Raman-Spektren zeigen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies on Oxide Catalysts. XXXIV. Redoxbehaviour of Nickel in Zeolite NiNaY. 1. Reducibility and Reoxidizability of Nickel in Zeolites NiNaYThe properties of metallic nickel in reduced (470-870 K) and reoxidized (470, 670 K) samples were studied by chemical analysis (reaction with K2Cr2O7) and spectroscopic methods (FMR, IR after CO adsorption, UV/VIS). The reduction of Ni2+ cations from oxidic clusters proceeds in an onestep reaction. Contrary to this, isolated Ni2+ cations are reduced stepwise to Ni+ cations and subsequently to metallic nickel. The reduction degree depends in characteristic manner on the reduction temperature. Metallic nickel which was reduced at temperatures 〈 620 K, can be completely reoxidized at 470 K. Higher temperatures result in metallic aggregations which are not completely reoxidized even at 670 K.
    Notes: Die Eigenschaften von metallischem Nickel in reduzierten (470-870 K) und reoxydierten (470, 670 K) NiNaY-Proben wurden durch chemische Analyse (Reaktion mit K2Cr2O7) und spektroskopische Untersuchungen (FMR, IR nach CO-Chemisorption und UV/VIS) charakterisiert. Die Reduktion der Ni2+-Kationen oxidischer Cluster erfolgt einstufig, während isoliert lokalisierte Ni2+-Kationen über Ni+-Kationen zum Metall reduziert werden. Entsprechend der Lokalisierung und dem Austauschgrad ändert sich der Reduktionsgrad des Nickels in charakteristischer Weise mit der Reduktionstemperatur. Metallisches Nickel, das bei Temperaturen 〈 620 K erhalten wurde, kann bei 470 K vollständig reoxydiert werden. Höhere Reduktionstemperaturen führen zu Nickelaggregationen, die selbst bei 670 K nicht vollständig reoxydierbar sind.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 500 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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