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  • 1990-1994  (1,729)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1990  (1,729)
  • General Chemistry  (1,028)
  • Engineering  (558)
  • Genetics  (143)
Material
Years
  • 1990-1994  (1,729)
  • 1985-1989
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 579-587 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Genetics ; polymorphism ; reproductive isolation ; hovering behavior ; Tabanus nigrovittatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The salt marsh horse fly, Tabanus nigrovittatusMacquart, exhibits two nonoverlapping daily periods of hovering and mating activity, which are correlated with different environmental temperatures. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of hovering males collected during the two periods were compared by electrophoresis of three polymorphic enzyme loci. Approximately 26% of early-hovering males possessed a Pgmallozyme that was absent in our sample of late-hovering males. However, based on other allozyme loci, we found no evidence for reproductive isolation between early and late hoverers. All the genetic data are consistent with the hypothesis that the Pgmpolymorphism is associated with behaviorally and physiologically distinct groups of males that, by all other criteria, form a single Mendelian population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 5 (1990), S. 359-360 
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Hirschsprung's disease ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three male children with identical short-segment Hirschsprung's disease born to a young married couple are reported. There was no positive family history despite an extensive search. There were no associated abnormalities. Although sex-modified multifactorial inheritance, with males having a lower threshold of genes for expression of Hirschsprung's disease, is accepted, the identical expression of the disorder in the three siblings presented suggests a dominant, possibly X-linked gene with variable penetrance. Another possibility is that an identical micro-environmental factor was present prenatally resulting in all three boys having Hirschsprung's disease. This is the first report of three siblings with identical short-segment Hirschsprung's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 4 (1990), S. 533-541 
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Henoch-Schönlein purpura ; Pathogenesis ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory studies of the pathophysiology of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) have become more numerous in recent years with the recognition of the disease's links with the mucosal immune system in general and IgA nephropathy in particular. There are weak genetic associations with C4 null phenotypes and with HLA B35 and DR4. Studies of plasma proteins in HSP patients show an increased IgA concentration, activation of the alternative pathway of complement and consumption of factor XIII. High molecular weight (polymeric) IgA has been detected in affected individuals, which some investigators have called “immune complexes”. Many patients synthesise an IgA rheumatoid factor in the acute phase, but other autoantibodies are largely absent. In vitro studies of lymphocytes from HSP patients have demonstrated an increased number of IgA-bearing and secreting B-cells, with altered T-cell regulation of antibody synthesis. While these observations point to immune dysregulation — primarily of IgA production — as a consistent feature of acute HSP, there is as yet insufficient information available to allow a consistent theory of pathogenesis to be formulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 3 (1990), S. 31-34 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Mucoraceae ; Zygomycetes ; Homothallic ; Genetics ; Nutritional complementation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Auxotrophic strains of Mucor genevensis and Zygorhynchus exponens were crossed and the resulting zygospores germinated. The presence of a true sexual cycle in both species was demonstrated by the recovery of recombinant genotypes. Expected Mendelian ratios were not realized, however. The presence of selfed zygospores among those isolated makes this observation understandable. It was possible to demonstrate nutritional complementation when young mating mycelium was transferred to minimal medium and forced heterokaryons were recovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Osteogenesis imperfecta ; Collagen type I ; Radiology, classification ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Congenital osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) was diagnosed by ultrasound in a 31-week-old fetus, and the diagnosis confirmed after delivery by caesarean section at week 36. The baby survived the neonatal period, but failed to thrive, had recurrent respiratory infections and ultimately died at 8 months. Cultured fibroblasts synthesized both normal type I collagen and unstable type I collagen harbouring a structural defect in the α1(I) cyanogen bromide-derived peptide number 8 (CB8) region of the molecule, indicating a heterozygous dominant mutation. A+ birth, the radiological picture was that of the “thin bone”-type of congenital OI (OI type IIB/III in the Sillence classification); at the age of 12 weeks ribs and long bones had undergone a marked expansion giving a very different picture, that of the “thick bone”-type congenital OI (OI type IIA). The mechanism responsible for this change in bone structure is not known, but fractures and callus formation are unlikely to be the only factors. Caution is needed in the interpretation of radiographs of newborns with OI for prognostic or genetic purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 166 (1990), S. 545-552 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Honeybees ; Learning ; Classical conditioning ; Selection ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four strains of the honeybee (Apis mellifera capensis), which were selected for high (N=2) or low (N=2) performance levels in classic conditioning of olfactory and mechanosensory stimuli, were examined in two instrumental visual learning tasks. Bees were trained to coloured cardboards either at the hive entrance or at the feeding station. Positive correlations were detected between olfactory/mechanosensory conditioning and visual learning. Good and poor learners from strains selected for olfactory conditioning differed significantly in their visual learning values. These strain differences reflect genetic differences in a common learning system rather than task specific differences in sensory, motor or motivational components. Parameters that were influenced by activity of the colony (duration of stay at the feeding place, time between visits) also differed among selected strains. These effects were not due to selection. Instead, they reflect a specific genetic background produced in each strain independently of selection. The results indicate that associative learning has a genetic basis which is independent of the sensory stimuli associated with reward, the learning procedure (classical conditioning or instrumental learning) or the motor patterns used to execute the learned behavior (proboscis extension, control for flight behavior, open field orientation).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 239 (1990), S. 290-292 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Schizophrenia ; Linkage ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We analysed six multiplex pedigrees of schizophrenia for linkage to two DNA probes mapping to the chromosome 5q11–q13 region where linkage to a gene for schizophrenia was recently reported. Analyses were conducted using three penetrance models and considering the affected state to be schizophrenia, the schizophrenia spectrum, and all psychiatric diagnoses. All analyses gave consistently negative lod scores. Although the region was not formally excluded, no evidence for linkage was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Spinocerebellar degeneration ; Friedreich's disease ; Diagnostic criteria ; Genetics ; Natural history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical and genetic features of 80 patients with Friedreich's disease from 64 families are described. Diagnostic criteria were: no evidence of dominant inheritance, onset by the age of 20 years, progressive unremitting ataxia of limbs and gait, and absence of knee and ankle jerks. Furthermore, at least one of the following accessory signs was present: dysarthria, extensor plantar response and echocardiographic evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Two peaks of onset age were evident at 6–9 and 12–15 years. Analysis of intrafamily variation of onset age and absence of clustering of cardiomyopathy and diabetes did not suggest genetic heterogeneity. Peripheral nerve impairment was an early finding and showed slight further progression, whereas involvement of the cerebellar and corticospinal pathways appeared later and mainly accounted for the progressive worsening of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1343
    Keywords: Analysis of variance ; Choropleth map ; Ecology ; Genetics ; Geography ; Permutation test ; Spatial autocorrelation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cet article présente une solution au problème de l'analyse de variance, pour certains cas où la variable à analyser est spatialement autocorr élée alors que le critère de classification représente des sous-régions connexes du territoire à l'étude. On sait que les méthodes classiques d'analyse de variance ne sont pas applicables dans ce type de situation puisque la condition d'indépendance des échantillons n'est pas respectée; l'autocorrélation positive réduit la variabilité intragroupe, si bien que la quantité relative de variabilité intergroupe s'en trouve artificiellement augmentée. Cette situation correspond en réalité à une vaste catégorie de problèmes en génétique des populations, en écologie et dans d'autres branches de la biologie, ainsi qu'en épidémiologie, en géographie, en géologie, en science économique, en science politique et en sociologie. Ce nouveau test appartient à la famille des tests par permutation. Nous calculons la somme des dispersions intragroupes et testons contre une distribution de référence obtenue en permutant les régions géographiques un grand nombre de fois sur la carte. La véritable difficulté de ce test est d'ordre algorithmique, puisqu'il n'est pas facile de permuter des régions sur une carte, de façon à ce que chaque groupe demeure connexe, et que la carte permutée occupe le même espace total que la carte d'origine. Cet article présente la théorie, les algorithmes, ainsi que des résultats obtenus par cette méthode. Un programme écrit en PASCAL est disponible.
    Notes: Abstract The classical method for analysis of variance of data divided in geographic regions is impaired if the data are spatially autocorrelated within regions, because the condition of independence of the observations is not met. Positive autocorrelation reduces within-group variability, thus artificially increasing the relative amount of among-group variance. Negative autocorrelation may produce the opposite effect. This difficulty can be viewed as a loss of an unknown number of degrees of freedom. Such problems can be found in population genetics, in ecology and in other branches of biology, as well as in economics, epidemiology, geography, geology, marketing, political science, and sociology. A computer-intensive method has been developed to overcome this problem in certain cases. It is based on the computation of pooled within-group sums of squares for sampled permutations of internally connected areas on a map. The paper presents the theory, the algorithms, and results obtained using this method. A computer program, written in PASCAL, is available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Symbiosis ; Nitrogen fixation ; Coevolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To determine the relationship between nodulation restriction by the Rj4 allele of soybean, rhizobitoxine-induced chlorosis, and taxonomic grouping of bradyrhizobia, 119 bradyrhizobial isolates were tested in Leonard jar culture for nodulation response and chlorosis induction. In addition to strain USDA 61, the strain originally reported as defining the Rj4 response, eight other isolates (i.e., USDA 62, 83, 94, 238, 252, 259, 260, and 340) were discovered to elicit the nodulation interdiction of the Rj4 allele. Only 16% of all the bradyrhizobial strains tested induced chlorosis, but seven of the nine strains (78%) interdicted by the Rj4 allele were chlorosis-inducing strains. Furthermore, in tests for antibiotic resistance profile, eight of the nine interdicted strains (89%) were classed in DNA homology group II. This evidence suggests that the Rj4 allele has a positive value to the host plant in shielding it from nodulation by certain chlorosis-inducing bradyrhizobia of a DNA homology group with impaired efficiency of nitrogen fixation with soybean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Sugar beet ; Isozymes ; Genetics ; Linkage ; Pollen fertility restorer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase isozymes were controlled by multiple gene systems. Three genes coding for dimeric enzymes segregated in a dependent fashion (NADP-Mdh 1, NADP-Mdh 2, NADP-Mdh 3). A fourth gene (NADP-Mdh 4), also coded for dimers, but was not polymorphic in B. vulgaris. A fifth gene (NADP-Me 1) coded for enzymes active as monomers. Two genes were found to control the main zone of NAD-specific malate dehydrogenase: one coded for dimers (Mdh 1), while a second (Mdh 2) was not polymorphic in the assessions studied. 6-P-Gluconate dehydrogenase was not polymorphic in B. vulgaris; the two types detected on SGE1 electrophoresis were due to developmental expression of the different systems. No genetical segregations could be detected in progeny of crosses of the distinct phenotypes. A shikimate dehydrogenase gene (Skdh 1) that coded for monomers was identified. The diaphorase system was rather complex, but one gene (Dia 1) coding for monomeric enzymes could be identified. Aconitase was found to be controlled by two independent genes (Aco 1, Aco 2), both polymorphic and coding for proteins active as monomers. Tight linkage was found between the genes NADP-Mdh 1, NADP-Mdh 2 and NADP-Mdh 3. Linkage was also found between a pollen fertility restorer (Z) and the Mdh 1 gene. The identification of linkage with Aco 1 needs further investigation. R segregated independently from Mdh 1, Aco 1 and Dia 1. Independent segregations were scored for isozyme genes Pgm 2, Icd 1, Ak 1, Gpi 1, Aco 1 and Dia 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and philosophy 5 (1990), S. 349-371 
    ISSN: 1572-8404
    Keywords: Genetics ; gene structure ; hereditary unit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Definitions of the term ‘gene’ typically superimpose molecular genetics onto Mendelism. What emerges are persistent attempts to regard the gene as a ‘unit’ of structure and/or function, language that creates multiple meanings for the term and fails to acknowledge the diversity of gene architecture. I argue that coherence at the molecular level requires abandonment of the classical unit concept and recognition that a gene is constructed from an assemblage of domains. Hence, a domain set (1) conforms more closely to empirical evidence for genetic organization of DNA regions capable of transcription and (2) has ontological properties lacking in the traditional unit definition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Demography ; Genetics ; Geographic variation ; Stochasticity ; Fluctuating environments ; Allele frequencies ; River ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of unpredictable environmental fluctuations on the demographic and genetic structure of Fundulus zebrinus populations. Collections of F. zebrinus were taken from three rivers in the Arkansas River basin: the Arkansas, Chikaskia, and Ninnescah. Fish were sampled from three sites on each river on nine collection dates throughout 1984 and 1985. Totals of 2100 fish and 6000 fish were included in electrophoretic and demographic analyses, respectively. The results of the study indicate that within a limited geographic region (i.e. within rivers) spatial differences and temporal changes in both demographic and genetic population characteristics occur frequently and are primarily stochastic. However, on a larger spatial scale (i.e. across rivers), general trends emerge for demographic and especially for genetic population characteristics. These results illustrate the importance of sampling scale for conclusions of life-history evolution in fluctuating environments. In addition, it was found that regulation of Fundulus zebrinus populations includes an important density-independent component. Stochastic demographic differences across space and changes through time and spatially and temporally heterogeneous allele frequencies, are both indicative of density-independent regulation. Variation in population parameters, both demographic and genetic, was observed between populations sampled from each river. These population differences were attributed to differences between the rivers themselves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2935-2946 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Genetics ; sex pheromone ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; Trichoplusia ni ; cabbage looper moth ; reproductive isolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic basis of interpopulational differences in the pheromone blend emitted by the cabbage looper moth,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), was examined by crossing individuals from a field-derived population (P1) with individuals from a long-maintained laboratory colony (P2). These colonies differed in the emission rate and relative proportions of four of the five known minor pheromone components, but not in the emission rate of the major component, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12∶Ac). These differences in pheromone blend were quantitatively small but biologically significant, because in the field, males responded preferentially to traps baited with a pheromone blend that is similar to that emitted by P1 females relative to a blend similar to that emitted by P2 females. In initial crosses, variation in the quantity and quality of pheromone blends among families of P1, P2, and F1 hybrid females was examined. In F1 females the relative proportions (quantity relative to the major component) of (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate (Z5-12∶Ac) and (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate (Z7-14∶Ac) were intermediate to parental lines. In a second more extensive set of crosses, analyses included P1, P2, F1, F2, and selected backcrosses. The relative proportion of Z5-12∶Ac, Z7-14∶Ac, and Z9-14∶Ac emitted by F1 females were intermediate to parental lines. The frequency distributions of relative proportions of these components emitted by females were not consistent with those expected under a single autosomal or sex-linked gene hypothesis, suggesting that more than one gene is involved in the quantitative differences in the pheromone blend.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 11-21 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a novel technique with which a system with changing topology can be modelled whilst maintaining a constant system matrix. This technique employs a new transmission-line switch model which has a constant characteristic impedance, irrespective of its state. The method is explained, compared with the switched-resistance method and demonstrated by two examples. It has been found that the proposed method offers substantial advantages in the formulation of the problems and in the efficiency of computation.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 23-31 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The resonant mode field expansion technique presented in previous papers to analyse one- or two-port microstrip structures of different geometrical shapes is now applied to multiport radial lines. In particular, a radial-line n-way power divider is considered. This device allows, under certain hypotheses, an equiphase and equiamplitude splitting of an input signal. The Z matrix formulation has been derived and utilized to obtain the scattering parameters for the circuit. The numerical results are in good agreement with both experimental and theoretical data presented in the literature. The low number of resonant modes required to obtain satisfactory numerical convergence allows a substantial reduction of the computing time with respect to other more complicated approaches.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 57-71 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The boundary residual method is a powerful technique for solving EM boundary-value problems. This technique produces matrices difficult to solve using many of the standard numerical techniques. This paper discusses lesser-known numerical aspects of this method, and it shows efficient and well-conditioned methods to solve both the homogeneous and non-homogeneous boundary residual problem.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 39-56 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper describes the application of the TLM numerical method for the analysis of acoustic wave propagation. It presents a general scattering algorithm for modelling homogeneous and inhomogeneous mediums where both the density and compressibility of the propagation space are varied. The method is used to obtain the acoustic radiation patterns of discrete transducer arrays. The effect of the spacing and the number of transducer elements on the radiation pattern are demonstrated by numerical results obtained using a two-dimensional TLM mesh. The results also show the effect of array shading on the radiation pattern. Beam steering by delayed excitation of the transducer elements is also demonstrated here. In addition the paper presents two simple techniques for detecting the direction of wave propagation in the TLM mesh.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 73-73 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 79-90 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The non-linear diffusion mechanism arising in process modelling is analysed via a model problem. Using a scaling of the dopant concentration and an adaptive finite element method, high resolution is obtained in a particularly economical way.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 99-110 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A procedure is described for estimating various parameters governing the diffusion of impurities in semiconductors; these parameters are required for a number of explicit numerical models of non-linear diffusion in III-V crystals. The method is based on an analytical solution of the continuum equivalent of a discrete numerical model due to Zahari and Tuck and provides a systematic procedure for analysing experimental data to yield predictions for the coefficient of diffusion of the impurity, the coefficient of self-diffusion of the host material, the bulk equilibrium vacancy concentration and, under conditions of “dissociation” pressure, the surface vacancy concentration. Application of the procedure to two sets of independent experimental data provided reasonably consistent values of the parameters.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 111-126 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a combined fine-coarse mesh TLM method. This technique reduces the memory storage and the computational time when modelling complex structures. In the combined fine-coarse mesh model, the region of interest is covered with a set of transmission-line fine meshes. The remaining part is covered with regular (or irregular) coarse meshes. The fine-mesh nodes are connected through busbars to the adjacent coarse-mesh nodes. The combined fine-coarse mesh TLM technique is applied to some diffusion problems. Significant savings in computational time and memory storage are obtained without loss of accuracy.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 137-155 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: When the erosion or growth of a surface that occurs in semiconductor device processing can be considered as everywhere continuous in space and time, the equations of motion of the surface may be specified and determined numerically using a kinetic model of surface evolution. In this review the fundamental concepts of the kinematic model of surface evolution are discussed. Detailed consideration of the theory of characteristics reveals its limitations which are overcome by recent theoretical development based on the Huygens principle of wavefront reconstruction. Correct interpretation of the nature of the basic wavelet, coupled with contemporary ideas of surface and edge propagation, form the essence of a new numerical algorithm. Numerical analysis and consequent numerical procedures derived from the generalized kinematic model are presented. Examples of surface evolution, with particular reference to ion beam induced erosion are given to show the advantages and potential of the method as opposed to existing models and theoretical prediction.When evolution processes are discontinuous and localized, other approaches, particularly those that use numerical modelling, are required. Such approaches are also reviewed here.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 37-55 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Fully automatic three-dimensional mesh generation is a fundamental requirement for automating the numerical solution of partial differential equations. Two techniques in particular - the octree and Delaunay approaches - have been used towards this end. A method that combines both approaches to fully automatic mesh generation is presented here. The resulting algorithm provides the linear growth rate and divide-and-conquer approach of the octree method with the simplicity and optimal properties of the Delaunay triangulation.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Adopting an updated Lagrange approach, the general framework for the fully non-linear analysis of curved shells is developed using a simple quadrilateral C0 model (HMSH5). The governing equations are derived based on a consistent linearization of an incremental mixed variational principle of the modified Hellinger/Reissner type with independent assumptions for displacement and strain fields. Emphasis is placed on devising effective solution procedures to deal with large rotations in space, finite stretches and generalized rate-type material models. In particular, a geometrically exact scheme for configuration update is developed by making use of the so-called exponential mapping algorithm, and the resulting element was shown to exhibit a quadratic rate of (asymptotic) convergence in solving practical shell problems with Newton-Raphson type iterative schemes. For the purpose of updating the spatial stress field of the element, an ‘objective’ generalized midpoint integration rule is utilized, which relies crucially on the concept of polar decomposition for the deformation gradient, and is in keeping with the underlying mixed method. Finally, the effectiveness and practical usefulness of the HMSH5 element are demonstrated through a number of test cases involving beams, plates and shells undergoing very large displacements and rotations.
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  • 28
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 483-514 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Some constitutive and computational aspects of finite deformation plasticity are discussed. Attention is restricted to multiplicative theories of plasticity, in which the deformation gradients are assumed to be decomposable into elastic and plastic terms. It is shown by way of consistent linearization of momentum balance that geometric terms arise which are associated with the motion of the intermediate configuration and which in general render the tangent operator non-symmetric even for associated plastic flow. Both explicit (i.e. no equilibrium iteration) and implicit finite element formulations are considered. An assumed strain formulation is used to accommodate the near-incompressibility associated with fully developed isochoric plastic flow. As an example of explicit integration, the rate tangent modulus method is reviewed in some detail. An implicit scheme is derived for which the consistent tangents, resulting in quadratic convergence of the equilibrium iterations, can be written out in closed form for arbitrary material models. All the geometrical terms associated with the motion of the intermediate configuration and the treatment of incompressibility are given explicitly. Examples of application to void growth and coalescence and to crack tip blunting are developed which illustrate the performance of the implicit method.
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  • 29
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 599-617 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This study, dealing with model reduction for thermal diffusion, describes the numerical techniques used: the Eitelberg, Marshall and aggregation methods. The non-linear model of a heat transmission tube, to which these methods are applied, is then described, pointing out the necessary initial algebraic treatment for reduction. Finally the outputs of the complete model and of several reduced ones are compared for some characteristic variations of the inputs. For this problem, the Eitelberg and Marshall methods, which can be used with a high coefficient of reduction, are well adapted.
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  • 30
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 699-717 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The Finite Element Iterative Method (FEIM) is extended to the analysis of asymptotic fields of materials with non-linear behaviour. It is used in the investigation of the asymptotic field of an interfacial crack of power law hardening materials. The material is assumed to deform according to the total deformation theory of plasticity. The results of the analysis provide evidence to support the hypothesis that the asymptotic field can be cast in the form of the HRR-singularity multiplied by a function of the product form. This function can be written as a series of oscillatory functions, similar to those encountered in an elastic field, each of which is valid over a substantial range of the process zone. The real part of these terms depends on the loading mode, process zone size as well as material properties; it is, however, very small compared to the HRR-singularity. The imaginary part which gives the phase shift is much smaller than the elastic value and is a weak function of the hardening power and the size of the process zone of interest; it eventually vanished at extremely small distances.
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  • 31
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 775-783 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Force fields computed directly from strains calculated in a displacement type finite element description of a structural element of varying sectional rigidities show extraneous oscillations. The origin of these oscillations is traced to the fact that the displacement type finite element procedure determines strains derived from the displacement field in a least squares correct sense and that force resultants computed using these strain fields and the actual sectional rigidities result in unwanted oscillations. It is necessary to introduce the concept of redistributed assumed force resultant fields that maintain a ‘consistent’ relationship to the strain fields and also are orthogonal to these strain functions. In this paper, the Hu-Washizu theorem is invoked to justify the introduction of an orthogonally correct reconstituted assumed force resultant field which will then be free of extraneous oscillations. The quadratic isoparametric tapered bar element serves to illustrate the underlying principles.It follows that the extremely general Hu-Washizu principle is the most practical procedure of implementing an assumed force resultant, assumed strain displacement type formulation to introduce consistency and thereby remove problems associated with field-inconsistency (such as cause locking in constrained media elasticity) and force resultant oscillations due to varying sectional properties.
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  • 32
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 801-809 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: New 8-node solid elements with two parallel faces and one traction-free cylindrical surface are derived using the assumed stress hybrid model. Six new expressions of stress components are developed by using four stress functions and cylindrical co-ordinates, so that the normal stress σz on the plane perpendicular to the two parallel faces varies as a parabola, and the assumed stress field satisfies the equilibrium equations as well as the traction-free conditions over the cylindrical boundary. The assumed stress field also satisfies the compatibility conditions when the new element is degenerated into the 2-dimensional case. Examples have clearly demonstrated that these present special elements are far superior in predicting the stress concentration factors, the distributions of circumferential stresses and the normal stress σz.
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  • 33
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 861-880 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Explicit integration across the thickness for three-dimensional degenerated shell finite elements is analysed. For this purpose a modifed formulation is proposed. The Jacobian matrix of the physical-parameter spaces transformation is decomposed into a product of ‘in-middle-surface’ and ‘out-of-middle-surface’ terms. This enables an expansion to be carried out of the strain-displacement matrix into power series of the thickness variable. Explicit integration is then performed and the corresponding formulae of the stiffness and mass matrices are given. The possibility of ‘locking’ for thin structures is explained. The analysis is applied to homogeneous and multilayered structures. Numerical applications for linear problems are given in the last part of the paper.
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  • 34
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 913-933 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Non-linear responses of dam-reservoir systems are not well understood, because of the lack of an exact time-domain solution for the far field (extending to infinity) of the fluid. This paper presents a procedure for efficient time-domain analyses. It is based on a semi-analytical solution and is suitable for the determination of the interactive behaviour of dam-reservoir systems.In this formulation, the fluid domain is divided into a near (to the dam) field, which is finite, and a far field extending to infinity. Arbitrary shapes of the upstream face of the dam, and of the bottom of the reservoir floor in the near field, are presumed. Furthermore, the far field is assumed to have a constant depth. The irregular near field is modelled by using the finite element method. A time-domain semi-analytical solution is obtained for the far field. For a vertical dam subjected to earthquake and ramp loadings, numerical solutions obtained compared well with the piecewise exact form of the analytical solution.
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  • 35
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1003-1020 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An improved formulation for solving 2D transient scalar wave propagation problems by the Boundary Element Method (BEM) is presented. The kernels presented are simpler and better behaved than those that have appeared in the published literature. An appropriate set of temporal shape functions for linear variation is used. For spatial variations isoparametric quadratic elements are used. All of these represent significant improvements over the present level of sophistication in the analysis of 2D transient scalar problems. The algorithm is implemented in a general purpose boundary element code known as GPBEST.
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  • 36
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1049-1063 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new method of modelling the radiation effect in a time-domain finite element analysis of semi-infinite solids is proposed. The domain to be analysed is divided into a finite, interior region and a semi-infinite, exterior region. The standard finite elements are used to model the interior region. An infinite element is used to model the semi-infinite region. The main feature of the proposed method is the selection of semi-infinite shape functions to develop the infinite element. A procedure is proposed whereby the necessary shape functions are derived directly from frequency-domain analytical mode shapes. The interior and exterior regions are coupled by enforcing displacement continuity at the interface. The validity of the method is demonstrated in this paper by analysing a two-dimensional, linear (damped), anti-plane, shear-wave (plane Love-wave) propagation problem. The results obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by direct finite element analysis with a fixed boundary placed sufficiently far from the location of loading to avoid wave reflections.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 141-159 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The Lanczos algorithm has proved to be a powerful solution method not only for finding the eigenvalues but for solving linear systems of equations. In this work a new implementation of the algorithm is presented for solving linear systems of equations with a sequence of right-hand sides. The versions of the method proposed in the past treat the right-hand side vectors successively by keeping the tridiagonal matrix and the orthonormal basis in fast or secondary storage. The new technique handles all approximations to the solution vectors simultaneously without the necessity for keeping the tridiagonal matrix or the orthonormal basis in fast or secondary storage. Thus, when the first solution vector has converged to a required accuracy good approximations to the remaining solution vectors have simultaneously been obtained. It then takes fewer iterations to reach the final accuracy by working separately on each of the remaining vectors.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 197-209 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the development of a finite element analysis based on an anisotropic model of continuum damage mechanics theory proposed recently by the authors for ductile fracture under non-proportional loading. The condition of non-proportional loading is formulated by introducing a dynamic co-ordinate system of principal damage allowing the principal direction of damage during the loading to rotate accordingly.The finite element analysis developed under non-proportional loading is applied to predict the crack initiation load of a centre-cracked plate under uniform loading. The predicted load agrees satisfactorily with those determined experimentally with centre-cracked thin plates made of aluminium alloy 2024-T3. The analysis also reveals under non-proportional loading the hysteresis effect of the principal directions of damage and stress. In addition, the influence of varying anisotropic damage coefficients on the crack initiation load and the crack tip displacement profile is also examined. The larger the degree of the anisotropy, the higher the crack initiation load. The magnitude of the crack tip displacement profile is found to be proportional to the degree of material anisotropy.
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  • 39
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 449-452 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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  • 40
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 473-482 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper presents an alternative to the subspace iteration and Lanczos techniques, both of which are now used to solve partial eigenvalues and eigenvectors of large generalized linear first order symmetric matrix systems. It is based on non-linear optimization of a modified Rayleigh quotient. The elements of the eigenvector are the decision variables. Orthogonality constraints with respect to the two matrices are incorporated in the sequential unconstrained optimization scheme. By imposing normality with respect to one of the matrices, the Hessian matrix reduces to a much simpler form for which the Woodburry transformation may be used. This, in combination with the fact that the banded structure of the matrices is maintained, results in a number of operations of the same order as the two standard methods. Shifting is readily integrated. Numerical comparison with existing techniques demonstrate the practicality of this method.
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  • 41
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 453-472 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The superposition of a rigid body mode on a body should result in a corresponding change in displacement values but should not affect the stresses. However, in the numerical solution by the boundary element method (BEM) large errors may be obtained for displacements and stresses if a rigid body mode is present in the input data. To eliminate the effects of the rigid body mode on the numerical accuracy of the solution, the fundamental solutions for displacements must be correctly interpreted and used. The rigid body mode may be unknowingly present in the boundary condition data. It may be present because the boundary data are not known accurately. Or it may be present if the displacement values at the support have been computed from a separate analysis. A rigid body mode may arise due to the collocation nature of satisfying the boundary conditions. The point values of the applied load at the collocation point may not satisfy equilibrium. Or the point values of the specified displacements may not satisfy the condition of zero translation and rotation. For bodies under pure traction, we know that the analytical solution can contain an arbitrary amount of rigid body mode. Numerically, however, some unknown value is assigned to this rigid body mode. It might be desirable (for example in limit analysis) to eliminate the rigid body mode from the displacements to obtain deformation of a point with respect to a point on the body. In addition, knowledge and elimination of the rigid body mode is necessary for the implementation of a scheme described by this author in an earlier work. The importance of the earlier work is that it reduced the sensitivity of the BEM to changes and errors in the input data. In this paper the causes, and the effects of the rigid body mode on the BEM, the correct interpretation of the fundamental solution for displacements and an algorithm for determining and accounting for the rigid body mode are discussed. A numerical example validates the ideas in this paper for the indirect version. The algorithm for the direct version is presented without a numerical example in the Appendices.
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  • 42
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 559-578 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A panel method using source and doublet singularity has been proposed to solve for subcritical aerodynamics of a two dimensional steady and unsteady aerofoil. The source singularities are placed on the aerofoil surface. The doublet singularity is distributed by a function along the chordline of the aerofoil; this distribution is further projected downstream into infinity.The aerodynamics of an oscillating aerofoil is investigated. The governing unsteady linearized potential equation has a Hankel function as its fundamental solution, which is a source type function. A combination of source and doublet singularity is therefore used for solving the unsteady compressible problem by means of the panel method, this methodology being an extension of a steady aerofoil formulation. Incremental effects of profile change in aerofoil and wake geometry are accounted for. A surface boundary condition is applied on the stationary mean aerofoil surface with time dependent geometrical changes accounted for. An unsteady Kutta condition of equal pressure across the trailing edge is assumed. Results are presented on the aerodynamic influence of Mach number, oscillating frequency parameter, angle of incidence and change of pivoting point. Results are also compared with linear theory, a subsonic experimental result and a subcritical solution of a transonic model.
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  • 43
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 647-663 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A new algorithm family taking into account the entire loading process in a single large time increment is proposed to compute structures with physical non-linearities and is tested on some examples in elastoplasticity. The method considerably reduces the number of transfers between local and global levels, hence the numerical cost of calculation is also diminished.
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  • 44
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    Notes: This report presents a finite element solution for the vibration interaction between an inviscid fluid and a solid. The equation of motion governing the inviscid fluid is expressed in terms of the displacements. This ensures that compatibility and equilibrium will be satisfied automatically along the interface of the coupled systems. To suppress circulation modes with non-zero energy, reduced integration is used when computing the element stiffness matrix contributed by the fluid. In addition, a projection is used on the element mass matrix in order to remove the spurious modes which result from the use of reduced integration. Numerical examples for both fluid and coupled fluid-solid systems are performed and the results are shown.
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  • 45
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 755-774 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The present paper deals with the application of the finite element method to dynamic contact buckling problems. The penalty function method is applied to incorporate the contact conditions in the equation of motion and a trial-and-error method is employed to obtain the converged contact state. Numerical examples are analysed to show the effectiveness and the validity of the method, and it is applied to a dynamic buckling problem involving contact phenomena.
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  • 46
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 811-831 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The dynamic interaction between a compliant material and an impulsive pressure field, periodic in space and instantaneous in time, was examined as a first step at modelling the interaction between organized structures in a turbulent boundary layer and a compliant surface. The interaction, modelled two-dimensionally, was treated dynamically by matching the pressure forces to the surface stresses in the compliant material at each instant of time. A new boundary element method was formulated to model the compliant material which was treated as a linear isotropic material, elastic in dilatation and viscoelastic (Standard) in shear. The inertial forces and viscoelastic creep stresses have been included in this formulation as transient body forces. The elastic interaction was characterized by a non-dimensional threshold velocity, above which the elastic instabilities grew temporally and spatially in the downstream direction to produce a non-linear breakdown of the interaction. Freestream velocities as high as 9CT (shear wave speed) were found to produce stable elastic interactions. Thinner materials produced smaller amplitude waves of higher frequencies that grew more rapidly than those in thicker materials. The stability characteristics were independent of the location of the compliant material with respect to the spatial distribution of the pressure pulse. For viscoelastic interactions, the stability curve, which serves as a bound on the types of materials capable of producing drag reduction, shows distinct regions of elastic types of interactions (Class B) and damping dominated interactions (Class A) as a function of the constants of the rheological model describing the compliant material. Class A disturbances in these interactions show slower growth or decay than Class B disturbances.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 909-912 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 48
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 953-968 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The coupled thermoviscoelastic response of a solid-fluid system is computed by a finite element formulation which involves only temperature and displacement fields. The Laplace transform with respect to time is applied to the coupled equations. This results in a global matrix in the transform domain that is symmetric and banded and the time response is obtained by numerical inversion of the transformed solution. Also, this formulation permits the use of fractional derivatives to model viscoelastic material behaviour.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 935-951 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper presents the development of an efficient and numerically stable algorithm for accurately computing the eigensolutions of the quadratic real symmetric eigenproblem arising in the finite dynamic element (FDE) formulation. Closely related to the subspace forward iteration method, the proposed scheme is well suited to extracting the lowest natural frequencies and associated mode shapes of large practical eigenproblems, takes full advantage of the banded configuration of the stiffness, inertia and dynamic correction matrices involved in the eigenproblem and ensures a monotonic convergence from above to the required eigenpairs. A shifting technique for convergence acceleration and an eigenpair verification scheme are also presented. Numerical examples are shown demonstrating the excellent performance of the solution procedure.
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  • 50
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1021-1031 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An integral solution method based on the concept of the direct boundary element technique has been applied to develop a solution procedure for problems of diffusion with a non-linear reaction in one dimension. The non-linearity is handled by a process of quasi-linearization over subintervals or elements in the main domain of integration. The weighting functions are defined for each subinterval such that the discretization is exact for the corresponding linear problem. This leads to a new powerful and simple method for the solution of this class of problems. A banded global matrix is obtained with both the concentration and its gradient as the unknown variables, and the problem is solved in an iterative manner. Illustrative results are presented for a test problem of diffusion with a second order reaction in an infinite slab, an infinite cylinder and spherical geometries. The accuracy of the method for situations with a sharp concentration gradient is demonstrated. The technique can also be used to numerically compute the solution in the boundary layer for fast reactions.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1079-1094 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An approach, which is based on the double porosity concept and takes into account pore deformation, has been presented to derive a set of coupled differential equations governing the behaviour of fissured porous media. This approach has resulted in a set of non-linear (variable coefficient) differential equations. Various coefficients involved in the formulation have been explicitly defined in terms of measurable physical parameters. The finite element technique has been employed as the numerical tool for the solution of these equations. The results based on the proposed non-linear formulation have been compared with those of previously presented linear (constant coefficient) formulations. It is found that, in relatively rigid formations, the linearity assumption is quite reasonable and can successfully model the behaviour of fissured porous media. However, in very deformable formations, the linearity assumption could lead to a significant level of error in the numerical solutions.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1109-1130 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper discusses various procedures for the implementation of viscoplastic constitutive equations in Finite Element Codes. The set of constitutive equations that has been used is described. Several kinds of implementation, using various numerical techniques, are proposed. Validations of these implementations and comparisons between them are investigated by means of a set of simple but comprehensive examples.
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  • 53
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1159-1175 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The treatment of ageing processes in polymers by the finite element (FE) method is described. The development of this analytical method is motivated by the need to assess the effects of ageing on the structural performance of polymers and polymeric composites, particularly when the structures are large and expensive to replace. Also, there is a need to assess the effectiveness of corrective action options when ageing problems do occur, which can be treated by this method. The method describes the treatment of multiple, reactive chemical species in multi-layered polymeric materials by the finite element method. Example problems featuring the simultaneous diffusion and chemical reaction are illustrated: a simple problem of binary diffusion and reaction with comparison of numerical to exact results, and the staged ageing/structural analysis of a solid rocket motor.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1281-1298 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An effective and efficient error estimation scheme for finite element plate and shell analysis is presented. The error estimate method proposed is applicable to all the plate and shell elements developed using either classical plate and shell or continuum mechanics theories. The global error in energy norm is computed by summing all the elemental errors. The method is well suited for adaptive mesh refinement as the error contribution for each element is known. Demonstration examples using uniform and adaptive refinement schemes for both the plate and shell analysis show the effectiveness of the method proposed.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1299-1321 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A triangular mesh generator is presented which makes extensive use of side swapping and mesh smoothing to create a grid with few obtuse triangles. To perform the above task a data structure is presented which holds full adjacency information both for nodes and elements. It is shown how this data structure is employed in the process mesh generation, and how the methods of computational geometry such as region decomposition are used not only to decompose a complex region, but also to reflect the boundary grading into the interior the region. Algorithms are provided to show the mechanism of these processes and practical examples are given to support the approach.
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  • 56
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1343-1358 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The method of characteristics is combined with the method of least-squares to solve the advection equation within the finite element framework. Fourier mode analysis shows that the numerical scheme is stable and accurate even when a linear basis function is used. However, in practical application, the involvement of using numerical quadrature in this method can produce numerical instability, depending on the value of the Courant number used. It is found that using C1 continuous Hermitian cubic basis functions in the scheme reduces the degree of instability significantly and produces high accuracy. When being used in a split-operator approach, this method combines naturally with the standard finite element method and results in a highly accurate scheme for advection-dispersion simulation.
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  • 57
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1441-1454 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Conventional approaches for computational structural dynamics (CSD) relevant to time-integration methods involve first employing the classical Galerkin formulations for the spatial discretization to yield a set of ordinary differential equations in time and then employing finite difference approximations for deriving the appropriate step-by-step algorithms. And, almost all of the widely advocated (existing) step-by-step schemes for structural dynamics require an initial acceleration vector to be specified (evaluated) in addition to displacement and velocity vectors for starting the schemes. Unlike the above, in this paper we introduce new representations and architecture towards providing not only direct self-starting features with the elimination of acceleration computations but also for enhancing the computational architecture itself via several other inherent distinguishing characteristics. Thereby, a robust and effective methodology of computation is presented which is an extension of our previous efforts (see Tamma and Namburu3). In particular, to illustrate the basic concepts, in this paper we focus attention on the development of explicit time-integration formulations. The methodology involves expressing the governing dynamic equations of motion in conservation form, and firstly temporal discretization is accomplished in the spirit of Lax-Wendroff-type formulations. Therein, discretization in space is accomplished by introducing stress-based representations and employing the classical Galerkin scheme, and, quite naturally, we advocate employing finite elements as the principal computational tool because of its several inherent advantages. The stability and accuracy of the proposed formulations and the several added distinguishing features are briefly highlighted. Considerations on the effects of damping are additionally included and the introduction of general boundary conditions in a natural setting permits an effective generalized architecture for general applications. Numerical test models are presented to validate the overall developments for computational structural dynamics.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1501-1526 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper discusses the generation of unstructured triangular meshes by the advancing front technique. We also employ the technique to discretize surfaces. A simple and effective algorithm for the specification of element sizes is described. A similar idea is then applied to adaptive remeshing where a completely new mesh is created on the basis of the isolines of a certain important variable. The isolines are obtained from the FE-calculation based on the previous mesh. In this paper, attention is focused on the Poisson's equation. The optimal a priori error estimate for the problem is used to estimate the number of isolines needed for the remeshing. When the estimated error exceeds the tolerance in only a small part of the domain, the adaptive procedure is switched automatically to an adaptive refinement.
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  • 59
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1551-1567 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper describes the development of an automatic, two-dimensional, quadrilateral element mesh generator. The methodology is based on the looping algorithm developed in part by Dr M. L. C. Sluiter. Bezier curves are used to define the boundaries of the parts to be meshed. The required interaction by the user is reduced to specifying the boundary geometry, the preferred element size and the refinement coefficient. Transition elements are automatically generated between regions of varying element sizes. The ability to offset specified boundary curves insures well-conditioned elements along the boundary. Meshes for several sample geometries are presented to illustrate the versatility of the mesh generator.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1595-1638 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A three-field mixed formulation in terms of displacements, stresses and an enhanced strain field is presented which encompasses, as a particular case, the classical method of incompatible modes. Within this frame-work, incompatible elements arise as particular ‘compatible’ mixed approximations of the enhanced strain field. The conditions that the stress interpolation contain piece-wise constant functions and be L2-ortho-gonal to the enhanced strain interpolation, ensure satisfaction of the patch test and allow the elimination of the stress field from the formulation. The preceding conditions are formulated in a form particularly convenient for element design. As an illustration of the methodology three new elements are developed and shown to exhibit good performance: a plane 3D elastic/plastic QUAD, an axisymmetric element and a thick plate bending QUAD. The formulation described herein is suitable for non-linear analysis.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1701-1714 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The calculation of temperature distributions for systems exchanging radiation heat requires as a first step the determination of the heat fluxes caused by radiation at its surfaces. The functional of the variational principle is the starting point of a numerical solution method.By using finite element procedures a system of linear equations is derived, which supplies an approximation of the radiosity. Having the radiosity, the heat flux at the surfaces, which governs the boundary condition for the temperature distribution in the structure, can be calculated. A method of determining the view-factors using the concept of the finite element method is also given.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 1797-1797 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1-12 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper describes an application of linear programming for the analysis of plane strain rigid-plastic flow. First, linear programming and the theory of a rigid-plastic material are briefly revised. The implementation of linear programming for rigid-plastic flow is then described. The method is to subdivide the material into rigid triangular blocks which may slide upon each other, dissipating energy at a rate proportional to the rate of sliding. Many different modes of deformation are possible; linear programming is used to select the mode that gives the least rate of total energy dissipation. The indentation of a strip by blunt-nosed indenters is used as an example. Results of the linear programming method are compared with the exact slip line field solutions.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 99-113 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Procedures for extending the useful scope of the finite difference method in solid mechanics applications are presented. The improvements centre around the introduction of the physical nature of the deformations into the equations used to formulate the approximate solution. This is accomplished by evaluating the coefficients of Taylor series expansions for the displacement approximations in terms of rigid body motions, strains and derivatives of strains. This procedure is demonstrated with plane stress applications. The ability to interpret the derivative approximations physically allows the fictitious nodes typical of the finite difference method to be rationally incorporated into the model as a means of enforcing traction boundary conditions. An example problem is solved using both regular and irregular meshes. The displacements and stresses compare well with finite element solutions.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 201-205 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 821-831 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Numerical tools for simulating the casting process are employed in an increasing manner by foundry engineers in order to understand and improve casting techniques. The correct simulation of metal flow and temperature profiles during filling is an important part of an overall numerical simulation kit which includes solidification and residual stress evaluations.In this study, we develop a two-dimensional finite element model for studying metal flow and temperature fields during filling of mould cavities. A proper choice of turbulent/laminar model, correct tracking of metal free surface and evaluation of temperature to include metal-air-sand interaction are some of the essential features of the model.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 833-858 
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    Notes: A finite shell element for layered fibre reinforced composite shells has been developed. The degeneration principle is used in combination with specific kinematic assumptions. The thermo-elastic material is either described by the behaviour of the local components, i.e. fibre and matrix material laws and geometrical configuration in each layer, or by the overall orthotropic layer material laws.Thickness integration for obtaining the different contributions to the shell element's stiffness matrix is performed analytically and prior to the numerical in-plane integration. This leads to a considerable saving in computer time during the incremental-iterative analysis.Geometrical non-linearities in terms of large deformations and material non-linearities in terms of layer craccking are taken into account. Accompanying eigenvalue analyses allow the determination of the - sometimes rather complicated - buckling behaviour with non-linear prebuckling deformations.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 875-898 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The aim of this paper is to categorize the major fixed grid formulations and solution methods for conduction controlled phase change problems. Using a two phase model of a solid/liquid phase change, the basic enthalpy equation is derived. Starting from this equation, a number of alternative formulations are obtained. All the formulations are reduced to a standard form. From this standard form, finite element and finite volume discretizations are developed. These discretizations are used as the basis for a number of fixed grid numerical solution techniques for solidification phase change systems. In particular, various apparent capacity and source based enthalpy methods are explored.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 899-914 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A numerical study of three-dimensional natural convection with phase change in a rectangular parallelepiped is described. The fluid has temperature-dependent variable properties. The governing equations are approximated by finite differences, second order in space and first order in time. A boundary-fitted co-ordinate system is implemented to predict the shape and the movement of the solid-liquid interface. Preliminary results have been obtained for freezing of water in a cube for Rayleigh numbers in the range of about 105-106.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 391-395 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 371-387 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A finite element algorithm which can be used to model either linear or non-linear viscoelastic material behaviour is described. The algorithm is verified for the linear case by comparing numerical and analytical solutions for (a) a uniaxial tensile specimen, and (b) an infinite plate with a hole subjected to a remote uniaxial stress. The algorithm is then used to determine the stress and strain fields near the tip of a moving crack in a linear viscoelastic medium. Numerical solutions for both growing and healing cracks are compared with results expected based upon the extended correspondence principle. Excellent agreement between theoretical and numerical solutions is obtained in all cases. Sources of numerical error in the FE solution procedure are identified and documented. The algorithm has not been verified for the non-linear case, since (except for very simple geometries and loading configurations) no closed-form solutions involving non-linear viscoelastic material behaviour are available. A comparison between the measured and predicted response of a non-linear viscoelastic material behaviour will be presented in a following paper.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 445-457 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A quadrilateral membrane finite element with drilling degrees of freedom is derived from variational principles employing an independent rotation field. Both displacement based and mixed approaches are investigated. The element exhibits excellent accuracy characteristics. When combined with a plate bending element, the element provides an efficient tool for linear analysis of shells.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 473-489 
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    Notes: A modified global approach to choosing stress terms for hybrid finite elements in plane stress problems is based on the known requirement of minimum number of stress parameters. Let nβ be the number of independent β-stress parameters, nq the number of nodal displacements and nR the number of rigid body degrees of freedom, then the satisfaction of the criterion nβ ≥ nq - nR of the assembled structure instead of the individual element enables the reduction of nβ. New rectangular hybrid transition elements applied in adaptive mesh refinement and a new eight node rectangular invariant element including only 12 β parameters, based on the modified criterion, are presented here.The new elements, which are used in order to analyse the stress singularity of two bonded elastic plates of different materials, yield reliable results compared with results based on classical hybrid elements, displacement elements and the analytic solution.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 981-1011 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Plate bending finite elements based on the Reissner/Mindlin theory offer improved possibilities to pursue reliable finite element analyses. The physical behaviour near the boundary can be modelled in a realistic manner and inherent limitations in the Kirchhoff plate bending elements when modelling curved boundaries can easily be avoided. However, the boundary conditions used are crucial for the quality of the solution. We identify the part of the Reissner/Mindlin solution that controls the boundary layer and examine the behaviour near smooth edges and corners. The presence of boundary layers of different strengths for different sets of boundary conditions is noted. For a corner with soft simply supported edges the boundary layer removes the singular behaviour of Kirchhoff type from the stress resultants. We demonstrate the theoretical results by some numerical studies on simple plate structures which are discretized by an accurate, higher-order plate element. The results provide guidance in choosing efficient meshes and appropriate boundary conditions in finite element analyses.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. ii 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1233-1262 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The effect of the rotary inertia on the non-linear dynamics of plates that undergo a large reference displacement is examined in this paper. An assumed displacement field that accounts for the coupling between the stretching and bending of the plate as the result of considering the effect of the rotary inertia is used to identify the configuration of the plate. Furthermore, the coupling between the stretching and bending of the plate as the result of finite rotation is also considered in this investigation. Based on the assumed displacement field that accounts for the effect of the rotary inertia, a non-linear finite element formulation is developed for the large displacement analysis of plates. The element equations of motion are expressed in terms of a set of element invariants that depend on the assumed displacement field as well as the rotary inertia. The use of the formulation presented in this paper is demonstrated using numerical examples.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1263-1274 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Two sets of strain definitions for analysis of curved Mindlin beams and axi-symmetric shells are examined. Their conventional finite element implementations are shown to be unsuitable. The parameter used as a nodal degree of freedom in the first conventional method to describe the cross section rotation is in general a discontinuous function and has no clear physical meaning. The second conventional method has relied on an incorrect differentiation for its successful use in finite element analysis. A new approach which overcomes these problems is presented. Examples are given to illustrate the incorrect results that can be obtained from the two conventional methods and to show that the new approach provides accurate solutions to general curved beam and axi-symmetric shell problems.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1360-1362 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1357-1357 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1358-1359 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1363-1366 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990) 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1367-1367 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1369-1383 
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    Notes: A flow analysis of non-Newtonian fluids inside co-rotating tangential twin-screw extruders is presented with the emphasis on mixing phenomena. A new simplified approach was proposed in modelling the flow, i.e. the flow in twin-screw extruders was considered as a sequence of flows in two regions: (i) the translation region (T-region), similar to a single-screw extruder; and (ii) the mixing region (M-region), representing the central part of twin-screw extruders. The flow has been assumed to be isothermal, steady-state and creeping. Furthermore, it was assumed that the velocity field does not change significantly in one co-ordinate (i.e. the down-channel direction in the case of the T-region and the axial direction in the case of the M-region) as compared with the other co-ordinate directions. Accordingly, a quasi-three-dimensional finite element method has been developed to analyse the flows in both regions. The mixing mechanisms inside the T - and M-regions were analysed and the inter-channel mixing in the M-region was quantified. The residence time distribution and performance characteristic of a single screw with a self-wiping profile were also calculated.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1385-1401 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A finite element algorithm is developed to predict the strain distribution of sheet forming parts and to evaluate their formability at the design stage. The algorithm is simply called the inverse approach since we know the positions of the material points on the final product and we determine the positions of the corresponding material points in the initial blank. This is also a direct algorithm which avoids the path dependent incremental procedure of plasticity and contact. This paper presents some theoretical aspects related to the large logarithmic strains with membrane triangular elements, the deformation theory of plasticity, the isotropic and anisotropic material properties of metal sheets and the non-linear solution techniques. Some particular problems are also studied, such as the influence of friction forces under the punch and blankholders, the ‘optimization’ of the initial blank's contour and the deep drawing in several steps. The results are compared with those obtained by experiments and by the more classical incremental approach.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1403-1413 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new algorithm for free surface corrections in Eulerian finite element computations is presented and applied to a steady state bar rolling process to predict lateral spread. A variety of rolling geometries are examined, including differing height to width ratios and reductions. The bulge profiles, as well as the maximum and mean bulge amounts, are compared in detail with experiments.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 87
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1415-1430 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Elastic-plastic finite element calculations have been carried out to analyse sheet forming processes such as hydrostatic bulging of circular and rectangular blanks and the axisymmetric stretching of sheets (with different punch radii). The results, partly obtained by different finite element models, are compared with experimental data. It could be shown that, regarding the examples considered, experiments and calculations fit well and that a more sophisticated modelling of the contact boundary conditions improves the accuracy of the results. As a first attempt to handle more complex sheet forming operations, the deep drawing of a rectangular cup has been analysed. A summary of the theoretical background as well as some comments on the solution method and the implementation are given.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 88
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1471-1502 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Implementation of the 3-D finite element method (FEM) of sheet forming operations has proceeded slowly. In particular, describing the arbitrary tool surfaces in an accurate and smooth manner, with well behaved first and second derivatives, has been a major obstacle. A new geometric method, suitable for representing any rigid tool surface, has been developed and shown to be superior to the usual schemes. The new method relies on the described tool surface for position data only. The spatial derivatives are obtained by considering only the sheet mesh nodal positions. This new scheme has been implemented with a rigid-viscoplastic FEM program using general surface descriptions based on B-splines and linear inter-polation. Analytic representations of a hemispherical and rounded square punch were also compared. the comparisons show that the proposed method offers several advantages over other general formulations.1. The new representation is the proper one for formulating the equilibrium condition. Alternate forms can produce spurious results.2. The proposed method introduces inherently smooth surface derivatives that improve numerical stability, even with crude surface resolution. Suitable test problems show covergence with the new method far past the divergence points of the simulations using the standard general surface description.3. The method is reasonably efficient, with a time penalty of approximately 30-50 per cent (unoptimized) with respect to analytic surface descriptions.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 89
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1569-1576 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method for analysing an axisymmetric injection moulding process is presented. A consistent approximation to pressure is applied for a penalty function formulation of Galerkin's finite element method. To analyse the moving free surface and visualize the transient flow pattern, marker particles are introduced. An axisymmetric abrupt cavity, which is filled with a generalized Newtonian fluid, is solved to verify the scheme. As a practical example problem, the transient flow through moulds of a memory disc is analysed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 90
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 1619-1632 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A succinct derivation of a rate equilibrium equation is presented. An Eulerian finite element flow formulation is then developed for the direct solution of the steady state velocity field and Cauchy stress field within an elasto-plastic material. The formulation is used for the analysis of strip drawing.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 91
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper shows how probabilistic potential methods based on the Monte Carlo approach can be efficiently mapped onto an array of concurrent processors and how the resulting algorithm can provide rapid solutions of harmonic function problems. The method described here exploits the natural concurrency of the Monte Carlo approach. Computation is achieved by use of a low-cost array of transputers linked to a PC-AT. The resulting methodology is powerful and the ideas suggested should have application to many other modelling techniques used for field modelling.A microstrip geometry is used as the discussion vehicle throughout this paper. This geometry was selected since it exhibits a number of the important topological features required in a general problem, e.g. Dirichlet boundary conditions and mixed dielectric. The design of the parallel algorithm used is discussed in detail, and typical results are given.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 33-38 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A computer program has been written for the analysis and design of arbitrarily shaped waveguides, containing dielectric and magnetic materials. The program calculates the propagating modes of the waveguide by the three-component vector finite element method. High accuracy is achieved by the use of high-order elements, and by the inclusion of singular trial functions near sharp metal edges. An efficient algorithm based on the conjugate gradient method is used to solve the algebraic eigenvalue problem. Results are given for rib waveguide and fin-line.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 75-75 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 77-77 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 78-78 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 127-136 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 195-206 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Hallen's integral equation has been used as the basis for the formulation of cylindrical antenna theories for many years. Being a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind, its solution is mathematically an ill-posed problem. The stability of the numerical methods based on this integral equation is dependent on the singularity and the non-smoothness of the kernel function. For electrically thick cylindrical antennas, the dominance of the singular part of the kernel (logarithmic) is weakened and the kernel function becomes relatively smooth. This observation implies possible deteriorations of the stability of the numerical methods based on Hallen's integral equation. This paper describes the development of an alternative formulation for the electrically thick cylindrical antennas based on the singular integral equation of the first kind with a Cauchy-type kernel which eliminates the potential instability problem. A numerical method based on this formulation of the antenna problem has been implemented and case studies show that it is very stable and efficient for the numerical modelling of electrically thick cylindrical antennas.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. 215-228 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a simple algorithm for solving a system of inhomogeneous high order differential equations with variable coefficients. The method also provides a numerical solution to non-linear ordinary differential equations. The technique is based on reducing the high order equations into a system of first order rate equations. Through a simple translation process, the variables in the reduced set of equations are solved simultaneously by an iterative scheme using the TLM multicompartment model. The numerical technique is demonstrated by solving well-known second order differential equations. The numerical solutions are compared with the analytical solutions to the differential equations.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 100
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 3 (1990), S. i 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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