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  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999  (748)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1860-1869
  • 1820-1829
  • 1995  (748)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (567)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (181)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999  (748)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1860-1869
  • 1820-1829
Year
Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tyrosine hydroxylase in the cerebral ganglia of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.): an immunohistochemical study (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Catecholamine neurons ; Invertebrate nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cerebral ganglia ; Periplaneta americana (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We have investigated the distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in the cerebral ganglia of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Groups of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell bodies occur in various parts of the three regions of the cerebral ganglia. In the protocerebrum, single large neurons or small groups of neurons are located in the lateral neuropil, adjacent to the calyces, and in the dorsal portion of the pars intercerebralis. Small scattered cell bodies are found in the outer layers of the optic lobe, and clusters of larger cell bodies can be found in the deutocerebrum, medial and lateral to the antennal glomeruli. Thick bundles of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive nerve fibers traverse the neuropil in the proto- and deutocerebrum and innervate the glomerular and the nonglomerular neuropil with fine varicose terminals. Dense terminal patterns are present in the medulla and lobula of the optic lobe, the pars intercerebralis, the medial tritocerebrum, and the area surrounding the antennal glomeruli, the central body and the mushroom bodies. The pattern of tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity is similar to that previously described for catecholaminergic neurons, but it is distinctly different from the distribution of histaminergic and serotonergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050458
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FMRFamide is endogenous to the Aplysia heart (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: FMRFamide ; Neuropeptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Neurohormone ; Aplysia californica (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The presence of the molluscan neuropeptide FMRFamide was investigated in the heart of the sea hare, Aplysia californica. Immunohistochemical localization and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with radioimmunoassays of HPLC fractions were used to demonstrate the presence of FMRFamide and FLRFamide in the heart. FMRFamide-immunoreactive (FMRFamide-IR) nerve fibers, varicosities, and neuronal somata were observed in whole- mounts of the hearts. The atrium and atrioventricular (AV) valve regions contained significantly higher densities (P〈0.05, ANOVA) of immunoreactive varicosities compared to the ventricle. The high density of FMRFamide-IR varicosities in the atrium and the lack of sensitivity of this region to FMRFamide suggest that the atrium may be a neurohemal organ for the release of FMRFamide. The presence of FMRFamide-IR somata in the Aplysia heart suggests that peripheral neurons may play a role in modifying heart activity, independent of the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050484
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemistry of Grandry corpuscles in the oral mucosa of the duck bill: a light- and electron-microscopic study (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Substance P ; Grandry corpuscle ; Sensory nerves ; Dense-core vesicles ; Anas platyrhynchos (Aves, Anatiformes)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Grandry corpuscles in the oral mucosa of the upper bill of the duck were immunohistochemically studied using antisera against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), galanin, methionine-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin, substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Grandry corpuscles in the lamina propria selectively showed only SP-like immunoreactivity. Herbst corpuscles distributed near Grandry corpuscles were negative to all antisera applied. Although immunoreactive products in the Grandry corpuscles were found as granules in the peripheral cytoplasm of the Grandry cell, the axon terminals and satellite cells exhibited no reactivity. In pre-embedding electron-microscopic sections, SP-like immunoreactive products visualized with 3,3′-diaminobezidine were localized in the granules of Grandry cells, but no labeling was observed in the cytoplasmic matrix or cell organelles. Electron-immunocytochemical labeling with colloidal gold by the post-embedding method clearly demonstrated that the SP antigen was localized only in the granules. It is presumed that Grandry cells have a secretory function. However, the function and the method of release of the SP contained in the observed granules remains obscure. Some CGRP-, NPY-, SP- and VIP-like-immunoreactive nerve fibers with varicosities associated with blood vessels and nerve fiber bundles of various sizes were observed in the lamina propria, but no such fibers penetrated into the intraepitherial layer. Nerve fibers positive for SP and VIP were also found in the interlobular connective tissue of the palatine glands. Some SP-positive neurons were detected in the vicinity of the palatine glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307796
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase immunoreactivity in the brain, pituitary and islet organ of the anglerfish (Lophius americanus) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Anglerfish peptide Y ; Neuropeptide Y ; Brain, pituitary, and islet organ ; Pancreas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Anglerfish, Lophius americanus (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM; EC 1.14.17.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes conversion of glycine-extended peptides to alpha-amidated bioactive peptides. Two peptides that are processed at their carboxyl-termini by this enzyme are neuropeptide Y and anglerfish peptide Y, both of which possess a C-terminal glycine that is used as a substrate for amidation. Results from previous reports have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y-like and anglerfish peptide Y-like immunoreactivities are present in the brain of anglerfish (Lophius americanus). Furthermore, neuropeptide Y-like peptides, namely anglerfish peptide Y and anglerfish peptide YG (the homologues of pancreatic polypeptide) are present in the islet organ of this species. Neuropeptide Y has also been localized in the anterior, intermediated and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland in a variety of species. In order to learn more about the distribution of the enzyme responsible for alpha amidation of these peptides in the brain and pituitary and to specifically investigate the relationship of this enzyme to peptide synthesizing endocrine cells of the anglerfish islet, we performed an immunohistochemical study using several antisera generated against different peptide sequences of the enzyme. PAM antisera labeled cells in the islet organ, pituitary and brain, and fibers in the brain and pituitary gland. The PAM staining pattern in the brain was remarkably similar to the distribution of neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity reported previously. Clusters of cells adjacent to vessels in the anterior pituitary displayed punctate PAM immunoreactivity while varicose fibers were observed in the pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis. Endocrine cells of the islet organ were differentially labeled with different PAM antisera. Comparison of the staining patterns of insulin, glucagon, and anglerfish peptide Y in the islet organ to PAM immunoreactivity suggests a distribution of forms of PAM enzyme in insulin and anglerfish peptide Y-containing cells, but no overlap with glucagon-producing cells. The results also indicate that PAM immunoreactivity is widely distributed in the brain, pituitary and islet organ of anglerfish in cells that contain peptides that require presence of a C-terminal glycine for amidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304521
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the endogenous 14-kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin galectin in normal human skin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Galectin ; β-Galactoside-binding lectin ; Human ; Skin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hybridization ; in situ ; Langerhans cell ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The localization of an endogenous 14-kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin (galectin) and its pattern of gene expression were examined in normal human skin by light- and electron microscopy. Under the light microscope, immunostaining of 14-kDa galectin was observed in the cell membrane of cells in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis. Galectin was also found in the Langerhans cells, as shown by double labeling using anti-14-kDa galectin and anti-CD1a antibodi es. In the dermis, immunostaining for the 14-kDa galectin was positive in the extracellular matrix and fibroblasts. At the electron-microscopic level of resolution, galectin was located primarily along the plasma membrane of keratinocytes, and in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of Langerhans cells in the epidermis, whereas in the dermis it was detected in the extracellular matrix and in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of fibroblasts. The gene expression of 14-kDa galectin was visualized by the HRP-staining me thod following in situ hybridization techniques. The expression was detected in the cytoplasm of cells in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis; whereas, in the dermis, it was detected in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. Moreover, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin-blot analysis revealed that this galectin bound to glycoproteins of approximately 17, 62, and 72 kDa in the epidermis and to those of 29, 54, and 220 kDa in the dermis. The present study indicates that 1) normal human skin produces the β-galactoside-binding 14-kDa galectin, and 2) this galectin is located in both the epidermis, particularly in the keratinocytes and Langerhans cells, and in the dermis. These results suggest that galectin is important for cell-cell contact and/or adhesion in the epidermis and for cell-extracellular matrix interaction in the dermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304505
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the endogenous 14-kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin galectin in normal human skin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Galectin ; β-Galactoside-binding lectin ; Human ; Skin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hybridization, in situ ; Langerhans cell ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of an endogenous 14-kDa β-galactoside-binding lectin (galectin) and its pattern of gene expression were examined in normal human skin by light- and electron microscopy. Under the light microscope, immunostaining of 14-kDa galectin was observed in the cell membrane of cells in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis. Galectin was also found in the Langerhans cells, as shown by double labeling using anti-14-kDa galectin and anti-CD1a antibodies. In the dermis, immunostaining for the 14-kDa galectin was positive in the extracellular matrix and fibroblasts. At the electron-microscopic level of resolution, galectin was located primarily along the plasma membrane of keratinocytes, and in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of Langerhans cells in the epidermis, whereas in the dermis it was detected in the extracellular matrix and in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of fibroblasts. The gene expression of 14-kDa galectin was visualized by the HRP-staining method following in situ hybridization techniques. The expression was detected in the cytoplasm of cells in the basal and spinous layers of the epidermis; whereas, in the dermis, it was detected in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts. Moreover, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and lectin-blot analysis revealed that this galectin bound to glycoproteins of approximately 17, 62, and 72 kDa in the epidermis and to those of 29, 54, and 220 kDa in the dermis. The present study indicates that 1) normal human skin produces the β-galactoside-binding 14-kDa galectin, and 2) this galectin is located in both the epidermis, particularly in the keratinocytes and Langerhans cells, and in the dermis. These results suggest that galectin is important for cell-cell contact and/or adhesion in the epidermis and for cell-extracellular matrix interaction in the dermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304505
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pro-enkephalin opioid peptides are abundant in porcine and bovine splenic nerves, but absent from nerves of rat, mouse, hamster, and guinea-pig spleen (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enkephalin ; Opioid peptides ; Spleen ; Innervation ; Neuro-immunology ; Species differences ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cow ; Pig ; Guinea-pig ; Mouse ; Rat ; Dsungarian hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The opioidergic innervation of the mammalian spleen and possible species differences were investigated. Light-microscopic immunohistochemistry revealed that splenic nerves of bovine and porcine spleen, but not of rat, mouse, hamster and guinea-pig spleen contained proenkephalin-derived opioidergic innervation. Immunoreactivity to both prodynorphin and pro-opiomelanocortin was absent from splenic nerves. In bovine and porcine spleen, fibers immunoreactive for met-enkephalin, met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu, leu-enkephalin and peptide F formed perivascular plexus, traveled in trabecular connective tissue, and extended into the capsule. Spatial relationships with immune cells were apparent in the white and red pulp, excluding lymphoid follicles. Colocalization of enkephalin immunoreactivity with immunoreactivities for tyrosin hydroxylase, dopamin-β-hydroxylase, and neuropeptide Y, but not for substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide were found. Our results provide evidence that opioid expression in splenic innervation is strongly species-dependent and exclusively proenkephalin-derived. Colocalization with marker enzymes of noradrenergic neurons indicates a mainly postganglionic sympathetic origin of proenkephalinergic splenic innervation. Opioidergic perivascular nerves probably control the splenic blood flow. A close interrelationship of opioidergic fibers with immune cells provides the anatomical basis for direct effects of neurally released opioids on splenic immune functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307968
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced laminin immunoreactivity in the blood vessel wall of ageing rats correlates with reduced innervation in vivo and following transplantation (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Basal lamina ; Laminin ; Ageing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Confocal microscopy ; Blood vessels ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in extracellular matrix composition and/or organisation, and in particular in the ratio of axonal growth-promoting components such as laminin to growth-inhibiting molecules, could contribute to the degenerative changes observed in the innervation of some peripheral tissues in old age. We have investigated this issue by evaluating laminin content or accessibility at various locations on blood vessels where we had previously studied age-related alterations in innervation density. We have employed a morphological approach, measuring laminin immunoreactivity by a densitometric application of confocal microscopy, because more conventional biochemical techniques would have been unable to distinguish specific, localized changes in laminin at sites accessible to nerves from heterogeneous changes in other areas of the vessel wall, such as the endothelial basal lamina. We found that in 24-month-old rats laminin immunoreactivity is decreased by 50% at the medial-adventitial border in association with the outer layer of smooth muscle cells, where a parallel decrease is observed in innervation density. Axonal terminals were shown to have access to laminin in this region of the blood vessel wall by double staining with laminin and a general neuronal marker. Changes in laminin immunore-activity were region-specific on the same blood vessel, thus excluding the possibility of a generalized decrease in immunoreactivity in old age. For example, in the basilar artery intensity of laminin immunoreactivity decreased in old age at the medial-adventitial border, but showed no change in endothelial cell basal lamina and in the adventitia. Moreover, we performed in oculo transplants of blood vessels displaying differences in laminin immunoreactivity and found that the density of innervation correlated with the intensity of laminin staining, thus lending further support to the hypothesis that laminin might play a role in nerve fibre atrophy in old age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307955
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origins of nerve fibers containing nitric oxide synthase in the rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Nitric oxide synthase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retrograde tracing ; Celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion ; Sensory ganglion ; Spinal cord ; Intestine ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The origin of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve fibers in rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion was examined using retrograde tracing techniques combined with the immunofluorescence method. Fluoro-Gold was injected into the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neuronal cell bodies retrogradely labeled with Fluoro-Gold in the thoracic spinal cord, the dorsal root ganglia at the thoracic level, the nodose ganglion, and the intestine from the duodenum to the proximal colon were examined for nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity. About 60% of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase, as were approximately 27% of nodose ganglion neurons and about 65% of dorsal root ganglion neurons projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neurons projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were found in the myenteric plexus of the small and large intestine. In the proximal colon, about 23% of such neurons were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase. However, in the small intestine, no immunoreactivity was found in these neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583390
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-and nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive terminals synapse exclusively with VIP cell bodies in the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum? (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nitric oxide synthase ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Submucous plexus ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum, previous light-microscopic studies have revealed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-immunoreactive terminals are found predominantly in association with VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies. In this study, double-label immunohistochemistry at the light-microscopic level demonstrated co-localization of NOS-immunoreactivity and VIP-immunoreactivity in axon terminals in submucous ganglia. About 90% of nerve fibres with NOS-immunoreactivity or VIP-immunoreactivity were immunoreactive for both antigens; only about 10% of labelled varicosities contained only NOS-immunoreactivity or VIP-immunoreactivity. The VIP/NOS varicosities were more often seen in the central parts of the ganglia, close to the VIP-immunoreactive cell bodies. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry with antibodies to VIP was used to determine if NOS/VIP terminals synapse exclusively with VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies. We examined the targets of VIP-immunoreactive boutons in two submucous ganglia from different animals. Serial ultrathin sections were taken through the ganglia after they had been processed for VIP immunocytochemistry. For each cell body, the number of VIP inputs (synapses and close contacts) was determined. The number of VIP-immunoreactive synapses received by the cell bodies of submucous neurons varied from 0–4 and the number of VIP-immunoreactive close contacts varied from 3–10. There was no significant difference between VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and non-VIP nerve cell bodies in the number of VIP-immunoreactive synapses and close contacts they received. Thus, the implication from light microscopy that NOS/VIP terminals end predominantly on VIP nerve cells was not vindicated by electron microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417865
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efferent projections from the retrochiasmatic area to the median eminence and to the pars nervosa of the hypophysis with special reference to the A15 dopaminergic cell group in the sheep (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 561-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anterograde tracers ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; A15 dopaminergic group ; Retrochiasmatic area ; Prolactin secretion ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Anterograde tracers, viz. Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and fluorescein dextran, were used in conjunction with tyrosine hydroxylase immunohisto-chemistry to study the projections of the A15 dopaminergic cell group towards the median eminence and pituitary in sheep. After injection of the tracers in the retrochiasmatic area, which contains the cell group A15, fibres containing anterograde tracer were observed in the internal zone of the median eminence and in the pars nervosa of the pituitary. Numerous tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers were present in the external zone of the median eminence and in the pars intermedia and the pars nervosa of the pituitary, with characteristic patterns of organisation in each area. Most tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibres containing fluorescein dextran were located in the pars nervosa, whereas only a few were observed in the internal zone of the median eminence. It was concluded that at least part of the dopaminergic innervation of the pars nervosa originated from the A15 group. These results provide morphological evidence for (1) the role of dopaminergic neurons of the A15 cell group in the seasonal control of prolactin secretion via the release of dopamine in the pars nervosa, and (2) putative physiological interactions between dopamine and the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones in sheep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417874
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of spermadhesin AWN in the porcine male genital tract (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 175-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Zona pellucida-binding protein ; Boar spermadhesin ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Boar spermadhesin (AWN) is a 14-kDa multifunctional protein, attached to the surface of the spermatozoa and involved in sperm capacitation and zona pellucida binding. The cellular origin of AWN was previously unknown. Moreover, the region of the male genital tract in which AWN becomes attached to the surface of spermatozoa was also uncertain. By using monospecific polyclonal antibodies against AWN, the immunohistochemical distribution pattern of AWN epitopes has been investigated in tissue sections of the porcine male genital tract. Our study has revealed that AWN is synthesized in the rete testis and in the epithelium of the seminal vesicles. The latter are also the major contributors of seminal plasma AWN. In addition, immunoblotting analysis has shown that AWN is present on epididymal spermatozoa. Our results indicate that the cellular origin of spermadhesins is species-specific. The attachment of AWN to epididymal spermatozoa is probably important in developing the capacity for fertilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319144
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue- and cell-specific distribution of creatine kinase B: A new and highly specific monoclonal antibody for use in immunohistochemistry (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Creatine kinase ; B-subunit ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; Western blot ; Mouse (C57BL/6) ; Rabbit (New Zealand White)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A synthetic 17-mer peptide corresponding to an unique sequence in the amino-terminal region of human creatine kinase B was used to raise a new and highly B-subunit-specific monoclonal antibody, CK-BYK/21E10. We show here that the monoclonal antibody is suitable for immunohistochemistry of unfixed frozen sections as well as formaldehyde- or Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of human, rabbit, and mouse tissues. Moreover, in the study of cell- and tissue-specific distribution patterns, parallel Western blot analysis and immunoelectron microscopy is possible using this antibody. Our analyses demonstrate that creatine kinase B expression is restricted to a specific subset of cell types in various tissues. In brain, the B-subunit was found only in neurocytes, but not in glia cells. High expression was also observed in inner segments of photoreceptor cells and the outer plexiform layer of the retina, in the parietal cells of the stomach and in gut enterocytes, gallbladder and epithelial cells of the urogenital system. The possible roles of the creatine kinase/phosphocreatine-ATP system in these tissues are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307817
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of neural cell adhesion molecules, NCAMs, and their polysialylated forms, PSA-NCAMs, in the developing rat pituitary gland (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 463-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: NCAM ; PSA-NCAM ; Pituitary ; Development, ontogenetic ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat(Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) can undergo post-translational modifications, such as the addition of polysialic acid chains, thus generating PSANCAMs, which are expressed mainly during development. Since polysialylation considerably modifies NCAM adhesivity, expression of NCAMs and PSANCAMs has been investigated in the developing hypophysis by immunohistochemistry. At embryonic day 13 (E13), an antibody against NCAM outlined all cellular profiles in the entire Rathke's pouch; this labelling persisted until adulthood. NCAM expression increased in all lobes during development and concerned all pituitary cell types. In contrast, at E13, PSA-NCAMs were only detected in the neural lobe, solely constituted of pituicytes at this stage, and the tuberal lobe, the only lobe expressing hormonal mRNA at the same stage. PSA-NCAMs expression increased in the neural lobe at E17 with the arrival of the neurosecretory fibres and persisted into adulthood. In the anterior lobe, PSA-NCAMs appeared at E15 where their distribution was similar to that of the differentiating corticotrophic cells; at subsequent stages, their expression extended to the whole anterior lobe. Only two cell types, corticotrophic and somatotrophic cells, remained labelled in the adult gland. In the intermediate lobe, melanotrophic cells never expressed PSA-NCAMs but these were expressed on folliculo-stellate cells at birth, preceding the onset of innervation. These results suggest that NCAMs and PSA-NCAMs play a role in pituitary histogenesis, cell differentiation and neurointermediate lobe innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307820
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in expression of two endogenous β-galactoside-binding isolectins in the dermis of chick embryonic skin during development in ovo and in vitro (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: β-Galactoside-binding lectin ; Dermis ; Skin ; Chick embryo ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratinization ; Mucous metaplasia ; Domestic fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to elucidate the roles of metal-independent animal lectins, we systematically investigated changes in expression of 2 kinds of β-galactoside-binding isolectins (MW 14 and 16 kDa) in the dermis of chick embryonic tarsometatarsal skin during the course of development. These lectins were immunohistochemically located at different stages of development both in ovo and in vitro by light and electron microscopy. Light-microscopic observation showed that while positive staining for the 14-kDa lectin was weak at days 8 and 10 it became intense after day 13. In contrast, staining for the 16-kDa lectin was intense at days 8, 10, and 13, but it became weak after day 17 when keratinization of the epidermis was completed. Immuno-electron-microscopic observation revealed that both the 14 and 16-kDa lectins were located on the basement membrane, in the extracellular matrix, and in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of dermal fibroblasts. Distribution of the 2 isolectins was also examined in cultured skin explants in vitro. The results were almost the same as those obtained in ovo when the skin explant was keratinized in the presence of hydrocortisone. However, in the skin explant where keratinization was prevented and mucous metaplasia was induced by the addition of vitamin A, the distribution of the 14-kDa lectin in the epidermis was significantly affected. These results indicate that (1) the expression of the 2 isolectins is differently regulated in both the dermis and epidermis, (2) the 16-kDa lectin is involved in the early stage of the formation of the dermis and the basement membrane and is replaced by the 14-kDa lectin as keratinization of the epidermis occurs, and (3) the expression of the 2 isolectins in the dermis is not significantly affected by the induction of mucous metaplasia, in contrast to their drastic changes in the epidermis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300686
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    Expression of neuron-specific enolase in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl during post-hatching development (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 25-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Neuron-specific enolase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Three-dimensional reconstruction ; Post-hatching development ; Domestic fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemistry for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) revealed that NSE is localized in both a limited number of pinealocytes and intrinsic afferent neurons in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl. Furthermore, a computer-assisted three-dimensional imaging technique allowed to clarify the reverse distributional pattern of both elements: NSE-positive pinealocytes displayed a dense distribution especially in the vesicular portion of the gland, whereas NSE-immunoreactive nerve cells were mainly found in the pineal stalk. The number of NSE-positive intrinsic neurons in the pineal organ of chickens decreased rapidly after hatching, with a concentration of these elements in the basal portion (stalk) of the pineal organ. On the other hand, immunoreactive pinealocytes increased remarkably in the end-vesicle of the organ with age, followed by a gradual expansion toward the proximal portion. Thus, the spectacular increase in NSE-positive pinealocytes and the progressive reduction of reactive neurons occurred in parallel during the course of post-hatching development. NSE-immunoreactive pinealocytes displayed morphological characteristics of bipolar elements, endowed with an apical protrusion into the pineal lumen and a short basal process at younger stages, whereas multipolar types of NSE-positive pinealocytes were predominantly found in the adult domestic fowl. These results indicate that in the pineal organ of the domestic fowl (1) the ontogenetic expansion of NSE-immunoreactive pinealocytes is paralleled by a regressive afferent innervation, (2) the NSE-positive pinealocytes transform from a bipolar (columnar) type to a multipolar type during post-hatching development, and (3) these ontogenetic changes in the NSE-immunoreactivity and morphology of pinealocytes may reflect the development of a neurosecretory-like capacity of the organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300688
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  • 117
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    Localization of CD44, the hyaluronate receptor; on the plasma membrane of osteocytes and osteoclasts in rat tibiae (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CD44, adhesion molecule ; Bone ; Osteoclasts ; Osteocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Confocal laser scanning microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CD44 is a multifunctional adhesion molecule that binds to hyaluronic acid, type I collagen, and fibronectin. We have studied the immunohistochemical localization of CD44 in bone cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in order to clarify its role in the cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interaction of bone cells. In round osteoblasts attached to bone surfaces, immunoreactivity is restricted to their cytoplasmic processes. On the other hand, osteocytes in bone matrices show intense immunoreactivity on their plasma membrane. Intense immunoreactivity for CD44 can be detected on the basolateral plasma membranes of osteoclasts. There is considerably less reactivity observed in the area of the plasma membrane that is in direct contact with bone. The pre-embedding electron-microscopical method has revealed that CD44 is mainly localized on the basolateral plasma membrane of osteoclasts. However, the ruffled border and clear zone show little immunoreactivity. A CD44-positive reaction can be detected on both plasma membranes in the contact region between osteoclasts and osteocytes. These findings suggest that: 1) cells of the osteoblast lineage express CD44 in accordance with their morphological changes from osteoblasts into osteocytes; 2) osteoclasts express CD44 on their basolateral plasma membrane; 3) CD44 in osteoclasts and osteocytes may play an important role in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix attachment via extracellular matrices.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307793
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  • 118
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    Immunophenotypic evidence for distinct populations of microglia in the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 665-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microglia ; Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system ; Antigen-presenting cells ; Blood-brain barrier ; Phagocytosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Long Evans)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The morphology, distribution and immunophenotype of microglia throughout the adult rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system was examined. Four macrophage-associated antibodies (OX-42, F4/80, ED1 and ED2) were used; the expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens was investigated by use of antibodies against OX-6, OX-17 (MHC class II) and OX-18 (MHC class I). Three distinct types of microglia were identified. The first was located in the magnocellular nuclei; these ‘radially branched’ (‘ramified’) microglia had round cell bodies and long branched processes, and were strongly immunoreactive only for OX-42. The second was located outside the blood-brain barrier in the median eminence, pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis often close to blood vessels; these ‘compact’ microglia had irregular cell bodies and shorter processes, and were strongly labelled by OX-42 and F4/80, weakly labelled by OX-18, and generally unlabelled by ED1, ED2, OX-6 and OX-17. The third type was found in small numbers throughout the system at the surface of the neurvous tissue or around blood vessels; these ‘perivascular’ microglia were elongated cells with no branching processes, and were strongly labelled by ED1, ED2, OX-18, OX-6, OX-17 and F4/80 antibodies but showed variable OX-42 immunoreactivity. Cells in a perivascular location were heterogeneous with respect to their immunophenotype. The presence in the normal adult rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of MHC class-II molecules (OX-6 and OX-17) on a sub-set of perivascular microglia suggests that these cells are capable of presenting antigen to T lymphocytes. The microglia, which lie on either side of the blood-brain barrier, are well placed to facilitate interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318369
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    Configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 277-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Spermatogonia ; Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tubular whole-mounts ; Spermatogonial degeneration ; Testis ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia, preleptotene primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells in the basal seminiferous tubular compartment have been studied by means of whole-mount preparations, immunohistochemistry and quantitative morphology. Three types of spermatogonia (Sg) can be identified. Large A-spermatogonia are irregularly distributed in the tubular periphery. Following the period of propagation of the A-spermatogonia, an interconnected meshwork of medium-sized spermatogonia with different cytogenetic potency is observed. Although the majority of the medium-sized spermatogonia are kinetically of the I type and divide to produce small B-spermatogonia, some members of the medium-sized population are seen in a growth phase and differentiate into large A-spermatogonia. These mark the beginning of a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Only one generation of B-spermatogonia divides into preleptotene primary spermatocytes. The architectural arrangement of multiplying spermatogonia in circles or rows is primarily the result of the distribution of the Sertoli cells. Spermatogonial multiplication is not strictly coordinated with the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Spermatogonial degeneration amounts on average to 3.6% and has therefore no decisive impact on the yield of primary spermatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050283
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  • 120
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    Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of microfibril-associated components in the posterior chamber of the eye (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Microfibrils ; Ciliary zonule ; Heparan sulfate proteoglycan ; Fibrillin ; Freeze substitution ; Glycol methacrylate ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (C57BL/6J) ; Chicken (White Leghorn)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Connective tissue microfibrils were observed in tissues prepared with methods believed to minimize the loss of tissue components. The eyes of C57BL/6J mice were fixed with glutaraldehyde followed by either freeze substitution, or embedding in glycol methacrylate, a water-miscible embedding medium, after limited or no dehydration. In these preparations, microfibrils were present within sheet-like layers observed in the posterior chamber of the eye. The material enclosing the microfibrils that formed the layer was also preserved, at least partially, by fixation of the tissue with uranyl acetate or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as observed in the chick eye. This microfibril-associated material was found to be composed of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) as shown by positive immunostaining for HSPG, as well as by identification of 4.5 nm-wide HSPG double tracks as its major constituent. When a considerable amount of this material was lost in KMnO4-fixed tissues, the remaining portion was preserved in the form of clusters of about 50 nm in width which were periodically adhered along the length of microfibrils. At the center of each cluster, a minute dark particulate structure was present. It was composed of an approximately 10 nm-wide polygonal assembly of 3.5 nm-wide ring-like structures, and was, in unfixed chick eyes, positively immunostained for fibrillin. The periodicity of HSPG clusters, and of fibrillin, along the length of immunostained microfibrils was similar, ranging from 45 nm to 65 nm. These observations indicate that fibrillin is periodically associated at the surface of “classical” microfibrils, and it may mediate the association of large amounts of HSPG to microfibrils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050285
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  • 121
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    Immunophenotypic evidence for distinct populations of microglia in the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 665-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Microglia ; Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system ; Antigen-presenting cells ; Blood-brain barrier ; Phagocytosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Long Evans)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The morphology, distribution and immunophenotype of microglia throughout the adult rat hypo- thalamo-neurohypophysial system was examined. Four macrophage-associated antibodies (OX-42, F4/80, ED1 and ED2) were used; the expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens was investigated by use of antibodies against OX-6, OX-17 (MHC class II) and OX-18 (MHC class I). Three distinct types of microglia were identified. The first was located in the magnocellular nuclei; these ’radially branched’ (’ramified’) microglia had round cell bodies and long branched processes, and were strongly immunoreactive only for OX-42. The second was located outside the blood-brain barrier in the median eminence, pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis often close to blood vessels; these ’compact’ microglia had irregular cell bodies and shorter processes, and were strongly labelled by OX-42 and F4/80, weakly labelled by OX-18, and generally unlabelled by ED1, ED2, OX-6 and OX-17. The third type was found in small numbers throughout the system at the surface of the nervous tissue or around blood vessels; these ’perivascular’ microglia were elongated cells with no branching processes, and were strongly labelled by ED1, ED2, OX-18, OX-6, OX-17 and F4/80 antibodies but showed variable OX-42 immunoreactivity. Cells in a perivascular location were heterogeneous with respect to their immunophenotype. The presence in the normal adult rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of MHC class-II molecules (OX-6 and OX-17) on a sub-set of perivascular microglia suggests that these cells are capable of presenting antigen to T lymphocytes. The microglia, which lie on either side of the blood-brain barrier, are well placed to facilitate interaction between the immune and neuroendocrine systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318369
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  • 122
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    Configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 277-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatogonia ; Protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tubular wholemounts ; Spermatogonial degeneration ; Testis ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The configuration and distribution of bovine spermatogonia, preleptotene primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells in the basal seminiferous tubular compartment have been studied by means of whole-mount preparations, immunohistochemistry and quantitative morphology. Three types of spermatogonia (Sg) can be identified. Large A-spermatogonia are irregularly distributed in the tubular periphery. Following the period of propagation of the A-spermatogonia, an interconnected meshwork of medium-sized spermatogonia with different cytogenetic potency is observed. Although the majority of the medium-sized spermatogonia are kinetically of the I type and divide to produce small B-spermatogonia, some members of the medium-sized population are seen in a growth phase and differentiate into large A-spermatogonia. These mark the beginning of a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Only one generation of B-spermatogonia divides into preleptotene primary spermatocytes. The architectural arrangement of multiplying spermatogonia in circles or rows is primarily the result of the distribution of the Sertoli cells. Spermatogonial multiplication is not strictly coordinated with the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Spermatogonial degeneration amounts on average to 3.6% and has therefore no decisive impact on the yield of primary spermatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318484
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  • 123
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    Characterization and localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 485-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; pars distalis ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Stickleback ; Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) studies on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions of brain extracts of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, provided evidence for at least two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). One form showed chromatographic and immunological properties similar to that of synthetic salmon GnRH (sGnRH). A second, unidentified form of GnRH eluted in the same position as chicken GnRH I (cGnRH-I); however, it did not cross-react in a cGnRH-I RIA. Furthermore, it cannot be excluded that chicken GnRH II (cGnRH-II) and maybe one other unidentified form are present in the stickleback. The distribution of GnRH in the brain of breeding adult male sticklebacks was studied by use of immunohistochemistry. Two antisera against sGnRH and antisera against mGnRH and cGnRH-II were applied on cryosections and visualized using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Staining patterns were similar after incubations with all four antisera. Immunoreactive fibers were found in most parts of the brain. Three distinct groups of GnRH-immunoreactive perikarya were found in the nucleus olfactoretinalis, in the nucleus anterior periventricularis, and in the nucleus lateralis tuberis. Moreover, weakly stained cells occurred in a periventricular position in the midbrain. The proximal pars distalis of the pituitary, housing the gonadotropic cells, was richly innervated by GnRH-positive fibers. In the pars intermedia and in the rostral pars distalis, immunoreactive fibers were absent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050309
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    The distinct gene expression of the pro-hormone convertases in the rat heart suggests potential substrates (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 539-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pro-hormone convertases ; Cardiovascular tissues ; Pro-atrial natriuretic factor ; Pro-endothelin ; Processing ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The present study examined the distribution of the pro-hormone convertases PC1, PC2, furin, PACE4 and PC5 in the rat heart. Northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from cardiac tissues showed high levels of furin and PACE4 mRNA in the atria and ventricles, while PC5 mRNA was found to be expressed at high levels in the dorsal aorta. Although undetectable by Northern blot analysis, both PC1 and PC2 mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in discrete regions of the intracardiac para-aortic ganglia. In situ hybridization studies also showed that furin mRNA was observed in all cardiac tissues and cells, consistent with the previously reported ubiquitous expression of this gene. PACE4 mRNA was highly abundant in both the atria and ventricular cardiomyocytes, with low to undetectable levels observed in blood vessels. Finally, PC5 transcripts were expressed in the endothelial cells lining coronary vessels and the valve leaflets of the heart. The present localization studies in the heart and cardiac blood vessels suggests potential roles for each convertase in the processing of various neuropeptides, hormones and growth factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050313
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  • 125
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    Immune-complex trapping in the splenic ellipsoids of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ellipsoids ; Spleen ; Immune complexes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Oncorhynchus mykiss (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), immunised with horseradish peroxidase, were given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, and the trapping of antigen in the spleen was followed 1, 24, and 48 h after injection. After 1 h, the localisation of horseradish peroxidase indicated that the antigen had been extensively trapped in the walls of the splenic ellipsoids. The colocalisation of horseradish peroxidase with rainbow trout immunoglobulin M and complement factor 3 was shown with a double immunofluorescence technique and suggested that horseradish peroxidase was trapped in the form of immune complexes. After 24 and 48 h, very little horseradish peroxidase was detected in the ellipsoids, and horseradish peroxidase was mainly found in association with large cells with prominent cytoplasmic extensions. In nonimmunised fish given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, antigen was not detected in ellipsoids. Thus, the observed difference between immunised and nonimmunised trout suggests a specific role for the splenic ellipsoids in rapid immune-complex trapping and invites speculation on its significance in a secondary immune response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319131
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  • 126
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    Immunocytochemical localization of seminal proteins in salivary and lacrimal glands of the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Salivary glands ; Lacrimal gland ; Male accessory sex glands ; Immunohistochemistry ; Androgen-dependent protein secretion ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antibodies against 10 different secretory proteins from the accessory sex glands of the male rat were used for immunohistochemical studies of salivary and lacrimal glands from intact and castrated rats, at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. In the parotid gland, secretory acinar cells showed immunoreactivity with antibodies against prostatic binding protein, cystatin-related peptide and acid phosphatase (isoenzyme pI 8.0; 5.6) typical of ventral prostate, and seminal vesicle secretion VI. Western blotting analysis indicated that immunoreactivity against prostatic binding protein was attributable to a subunit, presumably C3. Acid phosphatase pI 5.6 showed a molecular weight of 66 kDa, which is at variance with the prostatic form. Immunoreactivity for secretory transglutaminase, derived from the coagulating gland, was restricted to myoepithelial and stromal cells. In castrated animals, the immunoreactivity of acinar cells was reduced to the background level, whereas stromal transglutaminase immunoreactivity was unaltered. The distribution pattern of immunoreactivity for the proteins mentioned was almost identical in the lacrimal gland. Significant differences were however observed in the immunoreactivity of the inframandibular gland, where serous glandular cells were non-immunoreactive for seminal proteins, with the exception of acid phosphatase isoenzyme pI 8.0. Granules present in the convoluted granular ducts were immunoreactive particularly for acid phosphatase (isoenzyme pI 5.6)but much less for cystatin-related peptide; immunoreactivity was reduced after castration. The straight portion of the inframandibular duct system was immunoreactive for transglutaminase, but no influence of castration was visible. The distribution of immunoreactivity for seminal proteins present in the salivary and lacrimal glands and the pronounced androgen-dependence of their expression point to functional relationships of the respective proteins at both glandular sites.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304522
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    Immunocytochemical localization of secretory acetylcholinesterase of the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Acetylcholinesterase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoglobulin ; Nippostrongylusbrasiliensis (Scolecida) ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Various parasitic nematodes secrete acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In this study, the localization of AChE in the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and the secretory forms of AChE in culture fluid were examined. A thiocholine method revealed that AChE activity was localized in the subventral glands, which have a secretory and excretory function via a duct connected to the excretory pore. By electron microscopy, AChE activity was found mainly in the matrix of secretory granules, and sometimes in the Golgi apparatus in the subventral gland cells. These results show that nematode AChE is produced and stored in the subventral glands. Monoclonal antibodies against AChE of human erythrocytes or electric rays also bound to the nematode subventral gland, suggesting immuno-cross-reactivity of AChE among these species. When AChE activity in the nematode excretory-secretory product was examined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with the thiocholine met hod, intense activity was demonstrated as a single band at 74 kDa. Immunoblot analysis showed specific recognition of this molecule by IgE and IgG1 antibodies, but not by IgG2a antibody, in nematode-infected rat sera. These results indicate that the nematode AChE molecule produced in and secreted from the subventral glands is antigenic for the production of IgE/IgG1 in host animals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304511
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  • 128
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    Immunocytochemical localization of seminal proteins in salivary and lacrimal glands of the rat (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Salivary glands ; Lacrimal gland ; Male accessory sex glands ; Immunohistochemistry ; Androgen-dependent protein secretion ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Antibodies against 10 different secretory proteins from the accessory sex glands of the male rat were used for immunohistochemical studies of salivary and lacrimal glands from intact and castrated rats, at the light- and electron-microscopic levels. In the parotid gland, secretory acinar cells showed immunoreactivity with antibodies against prostatic binding protein, cystatin-related peptide and acid phosphatase (isoenzyme pI 8.0; 5.6) typical of ventral prostate, and seminal vesicle secretion VI. Western blotting analysis indicated that immunoreactivity against prostatic binding protein was attributable to a subunit, presumably C3. Acid phosphatase pI 5.6 showed a molecular weight of 66 kDa, which is at variance with the prostatic form. Immunoreactivity for secretory transglutaminase, derived from the coagulating gland, was restricted to myoepithelial and stromal cells. In castrated animals, the immunoreactivity of acinar cells was reduced to the backgroun d level, whereas stromal transglutaminase immunoreactivity was unaltered. The distribution pattern of immunoreactivity for the proteins mentioned was almost identical in the lacrimal gland. Significant differences were however observed in the immunoreactivity of the inframandibular gland, where serous glandular cells were non-immunoreactive for seminal proteins, with the exception of acid phosphatase isoenzyme pI 8.0. Granules present in the convoluted granular ducts were immunoreactive particularly for acid phosphatase (isoenzyme pI 5.6) but much less for cystatin-related peptide; immunoreactivity was reduced after castration. The straight portion of the inframandibular duct system was immunoreactive for transglutaminase, but no influence of castration was visible. The distribution of immunoreactivity for seminal proteins present in the salivary and lacrimal glands and the pronounced androgen-dependence of their expression point to functional relationships of the respective proteins at both gla ndular sites.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304522
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    Distribution of immunoreactive neuropeptides in the pancreas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated by immunofluorescence (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Neuropeptides ; Immunohistochemistry ; Coexistence ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Indirect double immunofluorescence labelling for eight neuropeptides in the pancreas of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, demonstrated the occurrence, distribution, and coexistence of certain neuropeptides in the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Immunoreactivity of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), FMRFamide (FMRF), and galanin (GAL) was localized in nerve fibers distributed between the acini and around the duct system and vasculature of the exocrine pancreas. In these regions, CGRP-immunoreactive fibers were more numerous than those containing the other five peptides. Almost all SP fibers showed coexistence of SP with CGRP, and about one third of fibers also showed coexistence of SP with VIP, NPY, FMRF, and GAL. In the endocrine pancreas, SP, CGRP, VIP, and GAL were recognized in the nerve fibers around and within the islets of Langerhans, and VIP and GAL fibers were more numerous than SP and CGRP fibers. All CGRP fibers, and about half of the VIP and GAL fibers were immunoreactive for SP. NPY- and FMRF-immunoreactive cells were found at the periphery of the islets. These findings suggest that the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions of the bullfrog are under the control of peptidergic innervation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307803
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  • 130
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    Immunohistochemical examination of intraspinal serotonin neurons and fibers in the chicken lumbar spinal cord and coexistence with Leu-enkephalin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) ; Enkephalin ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken (White leghorn)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Intraspinal serotonin–positive cells and fibers were examined in the chicken lumbar spinal cord following removal of descending serotonin fibers by spinal transection. Co-localization of Leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity in intraspinal serotonin cells was also examined using a double immunofluorescence labeling technique. By one or two weeks after spinal transection, virtually all supraspinal serotonin fibers were eliminated. Intraspinal serotonin cells were located ventral or ventrolateral to the central canal corresponding to laminae VII, VIII, and IX, and the anterior funiculus. Intraspinal serotonin cells sent fibers to (1) the pia mater on the ventral or ventrolateral surface of the spinal cord; (2) vessels in the spinal cord; (3) sympathetic preganglionic column of Terni; (4) other intraspinal serotonin neurons; (5) the central canal. Some 30%–50% of the intraspinal serotonin cells co-localized with Leu-enkephalin. Intraspinal serotonin fibers co-containing Leu-enkephalin were observed in the pia mater located on the most lateral surface of the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050490
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  • 131
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    Oxytocin-producing and vasopressin-producing eosinophils in the mouse spleen: immunohistochemical, immuno-electron-microscopic and in situ hybridization studies (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Oxytocin ; Vasopressin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; In situ hybridization ; Mouse (C57BL/6)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactive cells, and the cells expressing mRNAs for these peptides in the spleen of the C57BL/6 mouse were studied by immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy and in situ hybridization. Immunoreactive cells were distributed mainly in the splenic cord and marginal zone, whereas there were few in the lymphocyte-packed periarteriolar-lymphoid sheath, lymphoid follicle and germinal center. More numerous vasopressin-positive cells were seen in the splenic cord. The colocalization of oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in the same cells was identified by the investigation of mirror sections. By the pre-embedding immuno-electron-microscopic method using antisera against oxytocin and vasopressin, immunopositive reaction products were localized in the matrix around the specific granules, small clear vesicles and mitochondrial membrane of the eosinophils. No immunoreactivity to these peptides was found within the specific granules of the eosinophils. In situ hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotide probes labeled with 32P revealed the presence of mRNAs for oxytocin and vasopressin in the cells of the spleen, the distribution of the mRNAs for these peptides being the same as that of immunopositive cells. These observations suggest that eosinophils synthesize both oxytocin and vasopressin and store them in the matrix. Possible differences in the mechanism of synthesis and storage of these peptides between peripheral eosinophils and hypothalamic neurons are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307953
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  • 132
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    Distribution of peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase immunoreactivity in the brain, pituitary and islet organ of the anglerfish (Lophius americanus) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase ; Insulin ; Glucagon ; Anglerfish peptide Y ; Neuropeptide Y ; Brain ; pituitary ; and islet organ ; Pancreas ; Immunohistochemistry ; Anglerfish ; Lophiusamericanus (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM; EC 1.14.17.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes conversion of glycine-extended peptides to alpha-amidated bioactive peptides. Two peptides that are processed at their carboxyl-termini by this enzyme are neuropeptide Y and anglerfish peptide Y, both of which possess a C-terminal glycine that is used as a substrate for amidation. Results from previous reports have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y-like and anglerfish peptide Y-like immunoreactivities are present in the brain of anglerfish (Lophius americanus). Furthermore, neuropeptide Y-like peptides, namely anglerfish peptide Y and anglerfish peptide YG (the homologues of pancreatic polypeptide) are present in the islet organ of this species. Neuropeptide Y has also been localized in the anterior, intermediate and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland in a variety of species. In order to learn more about the distribution of the enzyme responsible for alpha amidati on of these peptides in the brain and pituitary and to specifically investigate the relationship of this enzyme to peptide synthesizing endocrine cells of the anglerfish islet, we performed an immunohistochemical study using several antisera generated against different peptide sequences of the enzyme. PAM antisera labeled cells in the islet organ, pituitary and brain, and fibers in the brain and pituitary gland. The PAM staining pattern in the brain was remarkably similar to the distribution of neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity reported previously. Clusters of cells adjacent to vessels in the anterior pituitary displayed punctate PAM immunoreactivity while varicose fibers were observed in the pituitary stalk and neurohypophysis. Endocrine cells of the islet organ were differentially labeled with different PAM antisera. Comparison of the staining patterns of insulin, glucagon, and anglerfish peptide Y in the islet organ to PAM immunoreactivity suggests a distribution of forms of PAM enzyme in insulin and anglerf ish peptide Y-containing cells, but no overlap with glucagon-producing cells. The results also indicate that PAM immunoreactivity is widely distributed in the brain, pituitary and islet organ of anglerfish in cells that contain peptides that require presence of a C-terminal glycine for amidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304521
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  • 133
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    Expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in perisinusoidal stellate cells of the human liver (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 283 (1995), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Cell adhesion molecules ; neuronal ; Stellate cells ; Liver ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is distributed in most nerve cells and some non-neural tissues. The present immunohistochemical study has revealed, for the first time, the expression of N-CAM in perisinusoidal stellate cells of the human liver. Liver specimens were stained with monoclonal antibody against human Leu19 (N-CAM) by a streptoavidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex method. Light- and electron-microscopic analyses have shown that N-CAM-positive nerve fibers are distributed in the periportal and intermediate zones of the liver lobule. Perisinusoidal stellate cells in these zones are also positive for N-CAM. N-CAM is expressed on the surface of the cell, including cytoplasmic projections. Close contact of N-CAM-positive nerve endings with N-CAM-positive stellate cells has been observed. On the other hand, stellate cells in the centrilobular zone exhibit weak or no reaction for N-CAM. Perivascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in the portal area and myofibroblasts around the central veins are negative for N-CAM. The present results indicate that the perisinusoidal stellate cells in the periportal and intermediate zones of the liver lobule characteristically express N-CAM, unlike other related mesenchymal cells, and suggest that the intralobular heterogeneity of N-CAM expression by stellate cells is related to the different maturational stages of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050524
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  • 134
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    RT97: a marker for capsaicin-insensitive sensory endings in the rat skin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Neurofilament ; Primary afferent fibres ; Skin ; Capsaicin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (Wis-tar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The mouse monoclonal antibody RT97, which recognises the 200-kDa neurofilament subunit in its phosphorylated form, selectively labels the somata of sensory A-fibres (large light cells) in the dorsal root ganglion of the rat. We have tested the hypothesis that this antibody also visualises large diameter sensory fibres and their end structures in peripheral tissue, in particular in the skin. RT97 immunoreactivity is found in endings that are known to be served by myelinated afferent fibres, including Meissner-like endings, Merkel discs, hair follicle receptors, Pacinian corpuscles and free nerve endings. RT97 immunoreactivity has not, however, been observed in endings of presumably unmyelinated sensory fibres (intraepidermal fibres immunoreactive for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide) or in sympathetic fibres innervating sweat glands and blood vessels. In addition, neither systemic (100–150 mg/kg as adults) nor perineural capsaicin pre-treatment affects RT97 immunoreactivity in the skin. The data indicate that RT97 is a useful marker in the study of the capsaicin-insensitive sensory innervation of the skin and possibly other peripheral organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050468
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  • 135
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    Do vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)- and nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive terminals synapse exclusively with VIP cell bodies in the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum? (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Nitric oxide synthase ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Submucous plexus ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig ileum, previous light-microscopic studies have revealed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-immunoreactive terminals are found predominantly in association with VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies. In this study, double-label immunohistochemistry at the light-microscopic level demonstrated co-localization of NOS-immunoreactivity and VIP-immunoreactivity in axon terminals in submucous ganglia. About 90% of nerve fibres with NOS-immunoreactivity or VIP-immunoreactivity were immunoreactive for both antigens; only about 10% of labelled varicosities contained only NOS-immunoreactivity or VIP-immunoreactivity. The VIP/NOS varicosities were more often seen in the central parts of the ganglia, close to the VIP-immunoreactive cell bodies. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry with antibodies to VIP was used to determine if NOS/VIP terminals synapse exclusively with VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies. We examined the targets of VIP-immunoreactive boutons in two submucous ganglia from different animals. Serial ultrathin sections were taken through the ganglia after they had been processed for VIP immunocytochemistry. For each cell body, the number of VIP inputs (synapses and close contacts) was determined. The number of VIP-immunoreactive synapses received by the cell bodies of submucous neurons varied from 0–4 and the number of VIP-immunoreactive close contacts varied from 3–10. There was no significant difference between VIP-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and non-VIP nerve cell bodies in the number of VIP-immunoreactive synapses and close contacts they received. Thus, the implication from light microscopy that NOS/VIP terminals end predominantly on VIP nerve cells was not vindicated by electron microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050443
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  • 136
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    Localization of CD44, the hyaluronate receptor, on the plasma membrane of osteocytes and osteoclasts in rat tibiae (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: CD44 ; adhesion molecule ; Bone ; Osteoclasts ; Osteocytes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Confocal laser scanning microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. CD44 is a multifunctional adhesion molecule that binds to hyaluronic acid, type I collagen, and fibronectin. We have studied the immunohistochemical localization of CD44 in bone cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in order to clarify its role in the cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interaction of bone cells. In round osteoblasts attached to bone surfaces, immunoreactivity is restricted to their cytoplasmic processes. On the other hand, osteocytes in bone matrices show intense immunoreactivity on their plasma membrane. Intense immunoreactivity for CD44 can be detected on the basolateral plasma membranes of osteoclasts. There is considerably less reactivity observed in the area of the plasma membrane that is in direct contact with bone. The pre-embedding electron-microscopical method has revealed that CD44 is mainly localized on the basolateral plasma membrane of osteoclasts. However, the ruffled border and clear zone show little immunoreactivity. A CD44-positive reaction can be detected on both plasma membranes in the contact region between osteoclasts and osteocytes. These findings suggest that: 1) cells of the osteoblast lineage express CD44 in accordance with their morphological changes from osteoblasts into osteocytes; 2) osteoclasts express CD44 on their basolateral plasma membrane; 3) CD44 in osteoclasts and osteocytes may play an important role in cell-cell and/or cell-matrix attachment via extracellular matrices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307793
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  • 137
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    Chemical codes of sensory neurons innervating the guinea-pig adrenal gland (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 169-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal gland ; Dorsal root ganglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurofilament ; Neuronal tracing ; Neuropeptides ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Substance P ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Retrograde neuronal tracing in combination with double-labelling immunofluorescence was applied to distinguish the chemical coding of guinea-pig primary sensory neurons projecting to the adrenal medulla and cortex. Seven subpopulations of retrogradely traced neurons were identified in thoracic spinal ganglia T1-L1. Five subpopulations contained immunolabelling either for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) alone (I), or for CGRP, together with substance (P (II), substance P/dynorphin (III), substance P/cholecystokinin (IV), and substance P/nitric oxide synthase (V), respectively. Two additional subpopulations of retrogradely traced neurons were distinct from these groups: neurofilament-immunoreactive neurons (VI), and cell bodies that were nonreactive to either of the antisera applied (VII). Nerve fibres in the adrenal medulla and cortex were equipped with the mediator combinations I, II, IV and VI. An additional meshwork of fibres solely labelled for nitric oxide synthase was visible in the medulla. Medullary as well as cortical fibres along endocrine tissue apparently lacked the chemical code V, while in the external cortex some fibres exhibited code III. Some intramedullary neuronal cell bodies revealed immunostaining for nitric oxide synthase, CGRP or substance P, providing an additional intrinsic adrenal innervation. Perikarya, immunolabelled for nitric oxide synthase, however, were too few to match with the large number of intramedullary nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive fibres. A non-sensory participation is also supposed for the particularly dense intramedullary network of solely neurofilament-immunoreactive nerve fibres. The findings give evidence for a differential sensory innervation of the guineapig adrenal cortex and medulla. Specific sensory neuron subpopulations suggest that nervous control of adrenal functions is more complex than hitherto believed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300702
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  • 138
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    Areas of asbestoid (amianthoid) fibers in human thyroid cartilage characterized by immunolocalization of collagen types I, II, IX, XI and X (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Thyroid cartilage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Asbestoid fibers ; Amianthoid fibers ; Collagens ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution of type I, II, IX, XI and X collagens in and close to areas of asbestoid (amianthoid) fibers in thyroid cartilages of various ages was investigated in this study. Asbestoid fibers were first detected in thyroid cartilage from a 3-year-old male child. Areas of asbestoid fibers functionally appear to serve as guide rails for vascularization of thyroid cartilage. Alcian blue staining in the presence of 0.3 M MgCl2 revealed a loss of glycosaminoglycans in areas of asbestoid fibers. In addition, the fibers reacted positively with antibodies against collagen types II, IX and XI, but showed no staining with antibodies to collagen types I and X. Territorial matrix of adjacent chondrocytes showed the same staining pattern. In addition to staining for type II, IX and XI collagens, asbestoid fibers showed strong immunostaining for type I collagen after puberty but not for type X collagen. However, groups of chondrocytes within areas of asbestoid fibers reacted strongly with antibodies to type X collagen, suggesting that this collagen plays an important role in matrix of highly differentiated chondrocytes. The finding that these type X collagen-positive chondrocytes also revealed immunostaining for type I collagen confirms previous studies showing that hypertrophic chondrocytes can further differentiate into cells that are characterized by the synthesis of type X and I collagens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307807
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  • 139
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    Tissue- and cell-specific distribution of creatine kinase B: A new and highly specific monoclonal antibody for use in immunohistochemistry (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 435-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Creatine kinase ; B-subunit ; Monoclonal antibody ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; Western blot ; Mouse (C57BL/6) ; Rabbit (New Zealand White)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A synthetic 17-mer peptide corresponding to an unique sequence in the amino-terminal region of human creatine kinase B was used to raise a new and highly B-subunit-specific monoclonal antibody, CK-BYK/21E10. We show here that the monoclonal antibody is suitable for immunohistochemistry of unfixed frozen sections as well as formaldehyde- or Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of human, rabbit, and mouse tissues. Moreover, in the study of cell- and tissue-specific distribution patterns, parallel Western blot analysis and immuno-electron microscopy is possible using this antibody. Our analyses demonstrate that creatine kinase B expression is restricted to a specific subset of cell types in various tissues. In brain, the B-subunit was found only in neurocytes, but not in glia cells. High expression was also observed in inner segments of photoreceptor cells and the outer plexiform layer of the retina, in the parietal cells of the stomach and in gut enterocytes, gallbladder and epithelial cells of the urogenital system. The possible roles of the creatine kinase/phosphocreatine-ATP system in these tissues are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307817
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  • 140
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    Expression of neural cell adhesion molecules, NCAMs, and their polysialylated forms, PSA-NCAMs, in the developing rat pituitary gland (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 463-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: NCAM ; PSA-NCAM ; Pituitary ; Development ; ontogenetic ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat(Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) can undergo post-translational modifications, such as the addition of polysialic acid chains, thus generating PSA-NCAMs, which are expressed mainly during development. Since polysialylation considerably modifies NCAM adhesivity, expression of NCAMs and PSA-NCAMs has been investigated in the developing hypophysis by immunohistochemistry. At embryonic day 13 (E13), an antibody against NCAM outlined all cellular profiles in the entire Rathke’s pouch; this labelling persisted until adulthood. NCAM expression increased in all lobes during development and concerned all pituitary cell types. In contrast, at E13, PSA-NCAMs were only detected in the neural lobe, solely constituted of pituicytes at this stage, and the tuberal lobe, the only lobe expressing hormonal mRNA at the same stage. PSA-NCAMs expression increased in the neural lobe at E17 with the arrival of the neurosecretory fibres and persisted into adulthood. In the anterior lobe, PSA-NCAMs appeared at E15 where their distribution was similar to that of the differentiating corticotrophic cells; at sub- sequent stages, their expression extended to the whole anterior lobe. Only two cell types, corticotrophic and somatotrophic cells, remained labelled in the adult gland. In the intermediate lobe, melanotrophic cells never expressed PSA-NCAMs but these were expressed on folliculo-stellate cells at birth, preceding the onset of innervation. These results suggest that NCAMs and PSA-NCAMs play a role in pituitary histogenesis, cell differentiation and neurointermediate lobe innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307820
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  • 141
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    Aromatase-immunoreactive cells are present in mouse brain areas that are known to express high levels of aromatase activity (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 561-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Aromatase ; Reproduction ; Preoptic area ; Hypothalamus ; Limbic system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (Jackson/C57)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The transformation of testosterone into estradiol in the brain plays a key role in several behavioral and physiological processes, but it has been so far impossible to localize precisely the cells of the mammalian brain containing the relevant enzyme, viz., aromatase. We have recently established an immunohistochemical technique that allows the visualization of aromatase-immunoreactive cells in the quail brain. In this species, a marked increase in the optical density of aromatase-immunoreactive cells is observed in subjects that have been treated with the aromatase inhibitor, R76713 or racemic Vorozole. This increased immunoreactivity, associated with a total blockade of aromatase activity, has been used as a tool in the present study in which the distribution of aromatase-immunoreactive material has been reassessed in the brain of mice pretreated with R76713. As expected, the aromatase inhibitor increases the density of the immunoreactive signal in mice. Strongly immunoreactive cells are found in the lateral septal region, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central amygdala, and the dorso-lateral hypothalamus. A less dense signal is also present in the medial preoptic area, the nucleus accumbens, several hypothalamic nuclei (e.g., paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei), all divisions of the amygdala, and several regions of the cortex, especially the cortex piriformis. These data demonstrate that, contrary to previous claims, aromatase-immunoreactive cells are present in all brain regions that have been shown previously to contain high aromatase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318360
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  • 142
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    Reduced laminin immunoreactivity in the blood vessel wall of ageing rats correlates with reduced innervation in vivo and following transplantation (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Basal lamina ; Laminin ; Ageing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Confocal microscopy ; Blood vessels ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Changes in extracellular matrix composition and/or organisation, and in particular in the ratio of axonal growth-promoting components such as laminin to growth-inhibiting molecules, could contribute to the degenerative changes observed in the innervation of some peripheral tissues in old age. We have investigated this issue by evaluating laminin content or accessibility at various locations on blood vessels where we had pre- viously studied age-related alterations in innervation density. We have employed a morphological approach, measuring laminin immunoreactivity by a densitometric application of confocal microscopy, because more conventional biochemical techniques would have been unable to distinguish specific, localized changes in laminin at sites accessible to nerves from heterogeneous changes in other areas of the vessel wall, such as the endothelial basal lamina. We found that in 24-month-old rats laminin immunoreactivity is decreased by 50% at the medial-adventitial border in association with the outer layer of smooth muscle cells, where a parallel decrease is observed in innervation density. Axonal terminals were shown to have access to laminin in this region of the blood vessel wall by double staining with laminin and a general neuronal marker. Changes in laminin immunoreactivity were region-specific on the same blood vessel, thus excluding the possibility of a generalized decrease in immunoreactivity in old age. For example, in the basilar artery intensity of laminin immunoreactivity decreased in old age at the medial-adventitial border, but showed no change in endothelial cell basal lamina and in the adventitia. Moreover, we performed in oculo transplants of blood vessels displaying differences in laminin immunoreactivity and found that the density of innervation correlated with the intensity of laminin staining, thus lending further support to the hypothesis that laminin might play a role in nerve fibre atrophy in old age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307955
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  • 143
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    Characterization and localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the brain and pituitary of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 485-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; pars distalis ; High-performance liquid chromatography ; Immunohistochemistry ; Radioimmunoassay ; Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Radioimmunoassay (RIA) studies on highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions of brain extracts of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, provided evidence for at least two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). One form showed chromatographic and immunological properties similar to that of synthetic salmon GnRH (sGnRH). A second, unidentified form of GnRH eluted in the same position as chicken GnRH I (cGnRH-I); however, it did not cross-react in a cGnRH-I RIA. Furthermore, it cannot be excluded that chicken GnRH II (cGnRH-II) and maybe one other unidentified form are present in the stickleback. The distribution of GnRH in the brain of breeding adult male sticklebacks was studied by use of immunohistochemistry. Two antisera against sGnRH and antisera against mGnRH and cGnRH-II were applied on cryosections and visualized using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Staining patterns were similar after incubations with all four antisera. Immunoreactive fibers were found in most parts of the brain. Three distinct groups of GnRH-immunoreactive perikarya were found in the nucleus olfactoretinalis, in the nucleus anterior periventricularis, and in the nucleus lateralis tuberis. Moreover, weakly stained cells occurred in a periventricular position in the midbrain. The proximal pars distalis of the pituitary, housing the gonadotropic cells, was richly innervated by GnRH-positive fibers. In the pars intermedia and in the rostral pars distalis, immunoreactive fibers were absent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318162
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    The distinct gene expression of the pro-hormone convertases in the rat heart suggests potential substrates (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 539-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pro-hormone convertases ; Cardiovascular tissues ; Pro-atrial natriuretic factor ; Pro-endothelin ; Processing ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study examined the distribution of the pro-hormone convertases PC1, PC2, furin, PACE4 and PC5 in the rat heart. Northern blot analysis of RNA extracted from cardiac tissues showed high levels of furin and PACE4 mRNA in the atria and ventricles, while PC5 mRNA was found to be expressed at high levels in the dorsal aorta. Although undetectable by Northern blot analysis, both PC1 and PC2 mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in discrete regions of the intracardiac para-aortic ganglia. In situ hybridization studies also showed that furin mRNA was observed in all cardiac tissues and cells, consistent with the previously reported ubiquitous expression of this gene. PACE4 mRNA was highly abundant in both the atria and ventricular cardiomyocytes, with low to undetectable levels observed in blood vessels. Finally, PC5 transcripts were expressed in the endothelial cells lining coronary vessels and the valve leaflets of the heart. The present localization studies in the heart and cardiac blood vessels suggests potential roles for each convertase in the processing of various neuropeptides, hormones and growth factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318166
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    Immunogold labelling of estradiol receptor in MCF7 cells (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 445-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Estradiol receptor ; Breast cancer cells ; Cell culture ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution of estradiol receptor in serial sections of estradiol-deprived and estradiol-stimulated MCF7 cells was studied by using mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with different domains of the receptor and goat-antimouse IgG/6 nm gold. In the nucleus and the cytoplasm of estradiol-deprived cells, the receptor was detected by all three monoclonals (13H2, HT 65 and MA1-310). The antibodies 13H2 and MA1-310 detected receptor associated to the microfilament bundles in the cytoplasm. Higher densities of antireceptor attachment to the nuclear areas were accompanied by a reduction in the attachment to the cytoplasm after estradiol stimulation of the cells. The results confirm earlier observations on the presence of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in estradiol-deprived cells and support the premise of an es- tradiol-induced translocation of this ligand-dependent transcription regulator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050303
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  • 146
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    Morphometric analysis of atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules in atriocytes of rats with experimental congestive heart failure (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 575-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: A-V fistula ; Immunohistochemistry ; Atrial natriuretic peptides ; Congestive heart failure ; Atriocyte ; Rat (Wistar-Munich)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The morphometric characteristics of atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules were studied in atrial myoendocrine cells of rats with aorto-caval fistula, an experimental model of congestive heart failure. A total of 6680 granules of control and aorto-caval rats were analyzed by a computerized image analysis system that evaluated the number and sectioned surface area of granules and their subcellular location. Compared with control animals, rats with congestive heart failure displayed a slight increase in the number of peripheral granules, adjacent to the sarcolemma, but not centrally located in the Golgi areas. The mean sectioned surface area of granules in rats with congestive heart failure was about 50% of that in controls, both in the right and left atria. Rats with aorto-caval fistula had a higher percent of small granules and lower percent of large granules compared with controls. The data demonstrate different morphometric characteristics in atrial natriuretic peptide-containing granules in atriocytes in rats with experimental congestive heart failure; this may reflect the enhanced synthesis and release of atrial natriuretic peptide in heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050316
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  • 147
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    Noradrenergic and adrenergic systems in the brain of the urodele amphibian, Pleurodeles waltlii, as revealed by immunohistochemical methods (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 619-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Brain ; Noradrenaline ; Adrenaline ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pleurodeles waltlii (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the brain of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii has been studied with antibodies raised against noradrenaline and the enzymes dopamine-β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase. Noradrenaline-containing cell bodies were found in the anterior preoptic area, the hypothalamic nucleus of the periventricular organ, the locus coeruleus and in the solitary tract/area postrema complex at the level of the obex. Noradrenergic fibers are widely distributed throughout the brain innervating particularly the ventrolateral forebrain, the medial amygdala, the lateral part of the posterior tubercle, the parabrachial region and the ventrolateral rhombencephalic tegmentum. Putative adrenergic cell bodies were found immediately rostral to the obex, ventral to the solitary tract. Whereas the cell bodies and their dendrites were Golgi-like stained, axons were more difficult to trace. Nevertheless, some weakly immunoreactive fibers could be traced to the basal forebrain. A comparison of these results with data previously obtained in anurans reveals not only several general features, but also some remarkable species differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050321
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  • 148
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunogold labelling of estradiol receptor in MCF7 cells (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 445-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Estradiol receptor ; Breast cancer cells ; Cell culture ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of estradiol receptor in serial sections of estradiol-deprived and estradiol-stimulated MCF7 cells was studied by using mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with different domains of the receptor and goat-antimouse IgG/6 nm gold. In the nucleus and the cytoplasm of estradiol-deprived cells, the receptor was detected by all three monoclonals (13H2, HT 65 and MA1-310). The antibodies 13H2 and MA1-310 detected receptor associated to the microfilament bundles in the cytoplasm. Higher densities of antireceptor attachment to the nuclear areas were accompanied by a reduction in the attachment to the cytoplasm after estradiol stimulation of the cells. The results confirm earlier observations on the presence of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in estradiol-deprived cells and support the premise of an estradiol-induced translocation of this ligand-dependent transcription regulator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318156
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  • 149
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    FMRFamide is endogenous to the Aplysia heart (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FMRFamide ; Neuropeptide ; Immunohistochemistry ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Neurohormone ; Aplysia californica (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presence of the molluscan neuropeptide FMRFamide was investigated in the heart of the sea hare, Aplysia californica. Immunohistochemical localization and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with radioimmunoassays of HPLC fractions were used to demonstrate the presence of FMRFamide and FLRFamide in the heart. FMRFamide-immunoreactive (FMRFamide-IR) nerve fibers, varicosities, and neuronal somata were observed in whole-mounts of the hearts. The atrium and atrioventricular (AV) valve regions contained significantly higher densities (P〈0.05, ANOVA) of immunoreactive varicosities compared to the ventricle. The high density of FMRF-amide-IR varicosities in the atrium and the lack of sensitivity of this region to FMRFamide suggest that the atrium may be a neurohemal organ for the release of FMRF-amide. The presence of FMRFamide-IR somata in the Aplysia heart suggests that peripheral neurons may play a role in modifying heart activity, independent of the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319123
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  • 150
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    Immunohistochemical examination of intraspinal serotonin neurons and fibers in the chicken lumbar spinal cord and coexistence with Leu-enkephalin (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) ; Enkephalin ; Spinal cord ; Immunohistochemistry ; Chicken (White leghorn)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intraspinal serotonin-positive cells and fibers were examined in the chicken lumbar spinal cord following removal of descending serotonin fibers by spinal transection. Co-localization of Leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity in intraspinal serotonin cells was also examined using a double immunofluorescence labeling technique. By one or two weeks after spinal transection, virtually all supraspinal serotonin fibers were eliminated. Intraspinal serotonin cells were located ventral or ventrolateral to the central canal corresponding to laminae VII, VIII, and IX, and the anterior funiculus. Intraspinal serotonin cells sent fibers to (1) the pia mater on the ventral or ventrolateral surface of the spinal cord; (2) vessels in the spinal cord; (3) sympathetic preganglionic column of Terni; (4) other intraspinal serotonin neurons; (5) the central canal. Some 30%–50% of the intraspinal serotonin cells co-localized with Leu-enkephalin. Intraspinal serotonin fibers co-containing Leu-enkephalin were observed in the pia mater located on the most lateral surface of the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318871
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  • 151
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    Areas of asbestoid (amianthoid) fibers in human thyroid cartilage characterized by immunolocalization of collagen types I, II, IX, XI and X (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid cartilage ; Immunohistochemistry ; Asbestoid fibers ; Amianthoid fibers ; Collagens ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of type I, II, IX, XI and X collagens in and close to areas of asbestoid (amianthoid) fibers in thyroid cartilages of various ages was investigated in this study. Asbestoid fibers were first detected in thyroid cartilage from a 3-year-old male child. Areas of asbestoid fibers functionally appear to serve as guide rails for vascularization of thyroid cartilage. Alcian blue staining in the presence of 0.3 M MgCl2 revealed a loss of glycosaminoglycans in areas of asbestoid fibers. In addition, the fibers reacted positively with antibodies against collagen types II, IX and XI, but showed no staining with antibodies to collagen types I and X. Territorial matrix of adjacent chondrocytes showed the same staining pattern. In addition to staining for type II, IX and XI collagens, asbestoid fibers showed strong immunostaining for type I collagen after puberty but not for type X collagen. However, groups of chondrocytes within areas of asbestoid fibers reacted strongly with antibodies to type X collagen, suggesting that this collagen plays an important role in matrix of highly differentiated chondrocytes. The finding that these type X collagen-positive chondrocytes also revealed immunostaining for type I collagen confirms previous studies showing that hypertrophic chondrocytes can further differentiate into cells that are characterized by the synthesis of type X and I collagens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307807
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  • 152
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    Efferent projections from the retrochiasmatic area to the median eminence and to the pars nervosa of the hypophysis with special reference to the A15 dopaminergic cell group in the sheep (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 561-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Anterograde tracers ; Immunohistochemistry ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; A15 dopaminergic group ; Retrochiasmatic area ; Prolactin secretion ; Sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Anterograde tracers, viz. Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and fluorescein dextran, were used in conjunction with tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry to study the projections of the A15 dopaminergic cell group towards the median eminence and pituitary in sheep. After injection of the tracers in the retrochiasmatic area, which contains the cell group A15, fibres containing anterograde tracer were observed in the internal zone of the median eminence and in the pars nervosa of the pituitary. Numerous tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive fibres were present in the external zone of the median eminence and in the pars intermedia and the pars nervosa of the pituitary, with characteristic patterns of organisation in each area. Most tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibres containing fluorescein dextran were located in the pars nervosa, whereas only a few were observed in the internal zone of the median eminence. It was concluded that at least part of the dopaminergic innervation of the pars nervosa originated from the A15 group. These results provide morphological evidence for (1) the role of dopaminergic neurons of the A15 cell group in the seasonal control of prolactin secretion via the release of dopamine in the pars nervosa, and (2) putative physiological interactions between dopamine and the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones in sheep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050452
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  • 153
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    Tyrosine hydroxylase in the cerebral ganglia of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.): an immunohistochemical study (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Catecholamine neurons ; Invertebrate nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cerebral ganglia ; Periplaneta americana (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity in the cerebral ganglia of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Groups of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell bodies occur in various parts of the three regions of the cerebral ganglia. In the protocerebrum, single large neurons or small groups of neurons are located in the lateral neuropil, adjacent to the calyces, and in the dorsal portion of the pars intercerebralis. Small scattered cell bodies are found in the outer layers of the optic lobe, and clusters of larger cell bodies can be found in the deutocerebrum, medial and lateral to the antennal glomeruli. Thick bundles of tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive nerve fibers traverse the neuropil in the proto- and deutocerebrum and innervate the glomerular and the nonglomerular neuropil with fine varicose terminals. Dense terminal patterns are present in the medulla and lobula of the optic lobe, the pars intercerebralis, the medial tritocerebrum, and the area surrounding the antennal glomeruli, the central body and the mushroom bodies. The pattern of tyrosine-hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity is similar to that previously described for catecholaminergic neurons, but it is distinctly different from the distribution of histaminergic and serotonergic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319132
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  • 154
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    Oxytocin-producing and vasopressin-producing eosinophils in the mouse spleen: immunohistochemical, immuno-electron-microscopic and in situ hybridization studies (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Spleen ; Oxytocin ; Vasopressin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immuno-electron microscopy ; In situ hybridization ; Mouse (C57BL/6)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactive cells, and the cells expressing mRNAs for these peptides in the spleen of the C57BL/6 mouse were studied by immunohistochemistry, immuno-electron microscopy and in situ hybridization. Immunoreactive cells were distributed mainly in the splenic cord and marginal zone, whereas there were few in the lymphocyte-packed periarteriolar-lymphoid sheath, lymphoid follicle and germinal center. More numerous vasopressin-positive cells were seen in the splenic cord. The colocalization of oxytocin-like and vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in the same cells was identified by the investigation of mirror sections. By the pre-embedding immuno-electron-microscopic method using antisera against oxytocin and vasopressin, immunopositive reaction products were localized in the matrix around the specific granules, small clear vesicles and mitochondrial membrane of the eosinophils. No immunoreactivity to these peptides was found within the specific granules of the eosinophils. In situ hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotide probes labeled with 32P revealed the presence of mRNAs for oxytocin and vasopressin in the cells of the spleen, the distribution of the mRNAs for these peptides being the same as that of immunopositive cells. These observations suggest that eosinophils synthesize both oxytocin and vasopressin and store them in the matrix. Possible differences in the mechanism of synthesis and storage of these peptides between peripheral eosinophils and hypothalamic neurons are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307953
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  • 155
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    Origins of nerve fibers containing nitric oxide synthase in the rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nitric oxide synthase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Retrograde tracing ; Celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion ; Sensory ganglion ; Spinal cord ; Intestine ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The origin of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve fibers in rat celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion was examined using retrograde tracing techniques combined with the immunofluorescence method. Fluoro-Gold was injected into the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neuronal cell bodies retrogradely labeled with Fluoro-Gold in the thoracic spinal cord, the dorsal root ganglia at the thoracic level, the nodose ganglion, and the intestine from the duodenum to the proximal colon were examined for nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity. About 60% of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase, as were approximately 27% of nodose ganglion neurons and about 65% of dorsal root ganglion neurons projecting to the cceliac-superior mesenteric ganglion. Neurons projecting to the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion were found in the myenteric plexus of the small and large intestine. In the proximal colon, about 23% of such neurons were immunoreactive for nitric oxide synthase. However, in the small intestine, no immunoreactivity was found in these neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583390
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  • 156
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    Immunohistochemical localization of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, in the mouse testis: its unique accumulation in spermatid nuclei (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Calcineurin ; Spermatogenesis ; Spermatids ; Nuclear transformation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse (Jcl:ICR, BALB/c)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical localization of a calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, was studied in the mouse testis in relation to previous observations showing that calmodulin is unusually rich in spermatogenic stages from mid-pachytene spermatocytes to elongating spermatids. The antibodies raised against calcineurin from scallop testis reacted with subunit B, but not subunit A, of calcineurin isoforms from mouse brain and testis. Indirect immunofluorescence using these antibodies on the mouse testis revealed positive reactions only in the nuclei of round or elongating spermatids: calcineurin started to accumulate in nuclei from the acrosomal cap phase, peaked at the initial stage of nuclear elongation, and decreased thereafter. There was almost no signal in the cytoplasm; spermatogenic cells at other stages, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, mature sperm, and other somatic cells in the seminiferous tubules were totally negative. Immuno-electron microscopy gave the same result, on the basis of measuring the density of immunogold particles. These results suggest a role for calcineurin in remodeling of the nuclear chromatin in metamorphosing spermatids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583396
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  • 157
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    Detection of cervical metastases of thyroid medullary carcinoma by MoAb anti-CEA scintigraphy and immunohistochemistry (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 22 (1995), S. 1064-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen scintigraphy ; Medullary thyroid carcinoma ; Single-photon emission tomography ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) were examined using anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) scintigraphy. Two patients had positive and two normal scintigraphic findings, although all the patients had elevated blood test markers (calcitonin or CEA). One patient with clinical suspicion of MTC metastases had only a faintly positive anti-CEA image, although single-photon emission tomographic scanning was used to increase the sensitivity and resolution of the method. Therefore, digital image processing of the planar images was performed to obtain more detailed information. The analysis revealed distinct accumulation of the activity at the right side of the neck at 20 h post administration. The specificity of the antibody binding in the malignant cells was confirmed after surgery by immunohistochemical staining of the tumour specimens for CEA. Both conventional and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed distinct positive staining, indicating that the results obtained from the anti-CEA scanning showed specific binding of the labelled antibody in the neoplastic tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00808419
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  • 158
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    Effects of chronic low frequency stimulation on structural and metabolic properties of hindlimb suspended rat soleus muscle (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 70 (1995), S. 528-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Hindlimb suspension ; Chronic low ; frequency stimulation ; Fibre type composition ; Immunohistochemistry ; Biochemical properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The use of chronic low frequency stimulations (CLFS, 10 Hz bipolar current 8 h · day−1) as a countermeasure against unweighting-induced muscle alterations was investigated in rat soleus muscle during 21 days of hindlimb suspension (HS). It was shown that CLFS was able to minimize the soleus muscle atrophy induced by suspension (−29% in stimulated muscles compared to −56% in the non-stimulated soleus muscle). In parallel, CLFS partly prevented the HS-induced decreases in the cross-sectional area of type I fibres and in the total and myofibril protein contents. Stimulation at low frequency reduced the increase in the fast-myosin expression recorded with unweighting. Moreover, the HS-induced increase in glycolytic capacity was counteracted to a considerable extent by CLFS. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that CLFS can only partly prevent the HS-induced modifications in the soleus muscle. However, the limited effectiveness of CLFS to prevent muscle atrophy emphasized the critical role of reduced load bearing in the induction of solens muscle atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634382
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  • 159
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    Evidence for early blood-brain barrier breakdown in experimental thiamine deficiency in the mouse (1995)
    Springer
    Metabolic brain disease 10 (1995), S. 159-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7365
    Keywords: Albumin ; Blood-brain barrier ; Central nervous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse ; Pyrithiamine ; Thiamine deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to assess the involvement of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in the pathogenesis of thiamine deficiency encephalopathy, autologous albumin immunohistochemistry was performed in mice which were rendered thiamine-deficient by pyrithiamine, a BBB-permeant antagonist of thiamine. In the presymptomatic animals until day 8 of the treatment, histological lesions were not detected by H&E staining. However, localized staining of albumin was evident, suggesting an extravascular leakage of the endogenous intravascular protein. On day 10 of thiamine deficiency, when neurological signs appeared, both histological lesions and massive albumin extravasation were demonstrated in all the animals. The BBB breakdown was only occasionally observed in the brains of mice treated with oxythiamine, a BBB-impermeant antagonist or in control animals. These results suggest that BBB breakdown is not only a phenomenon secondary to tissue destruction, but it is more directly involved in the pathogenesis of thiamine deficiency encephalopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01991863
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  • 160
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    The effect of hypothermia on induction of heat shock protein (HSP) - 72 in ischemic brain (1995)
    Springer
    Metabolic brain disease 10 (1995), S. 283-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7365
    Keywords: Hypothermia ; Ischemia ; HSP ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intra-ischemic hypothermia has been demonstrated to be protective against ischemic neuronal injury. The present study examined the effect of moderate hypothermia on the expression of heat shock protein (HSP)-72 following transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils by immunohistochemistry. Global forebrain ischemia with concurrent moderate hypothermia (30°C) was induced in gerbils by 10-minute bilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by recirculation periods of 1 hour (h), 6h, 24h, and 48h. Normothermic forebrain ischemic animals with similar recirculation periods were utilized for comparison of the HSP expression. Sham-operated normothermic and hypothermic animals were also included. 72-kDa heat shock protein immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the hippocampus and neocortex of the normothermic ischemic animals following 24h and 48h recirculation similar to that reported previously. However, the immunoreactivity was absent in the brains of the animals subjected to hypothermic ischemia or sham-operation. Only the ependymal cells were immunopositive in all hypothermic brains as was the case with all normothermic brains. The hypothermic ischemic brains showed no significant necrosis in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that the protection of ischemic neuronal necrosis conferred by intra-ischemic hypothermia is not associated with induction of HSP-72 protein and that mechanisms other then HSP-72 protein induction are likely to be responsible for this neuroprotective effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02109359
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  • 161
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    Zur Bedeutung von β-hCG im serum als tumormarker fur das magenkarzinom (1995)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 380 (1995), S. 359-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: β-hCG ; Gastric carcinoma Prognostic factors ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Nach neueren Untersuchungen ist davon auszugehen, daß bei des Hälfte von Patienten mit einem Magenkarzinom β-hCG-positive Zellen im Tumor immunhistochemisch gefunden werden können. Ziel war daher, systematisch zu untersuchen, inwieweit β-hCG-immunreaktive Magenkarzinome von einem Anstieg des Serum-β-hCG begleitet werden and dieses damit als Verlaufsparameter zur Verfügung steht. Methode: Bei 54 Patienten mit einem Magenkarzinom wurde zur immunhistochemischen Darstellung ein gegen β-hCG gerichteter monoklonaler Antikörper (Fa. Sigma, 1:100) im APAAP-System verwendet. Die Auswertung wurde nach positiver and negatives Reaktion graduiert. Parallel wurde im Serum des Patienten β-hCG präoperativ mit einem Enzymimmunoassay (MEIA, Fa. Abbot) bestimmt. Tumor-stadium, Grading and Tumor-lokalisation werden in die Auswertung mit einbezogen. Ergebnisse: Es wird bestätigt, daß 41% (22 von 54) des Karzinome, unabhängig von ihrer Lokalisation im Magen, eine positive immunhistochemische Reaktion gegen β-hCG auslösen. Es zeigte sich in Abhängigkeit vom Tumorstadium eine positive β-hCG-Immunreaktivität in 27% (6 von 22) des Tumoren ohne Lymphknoten- and Fernmetastasierung (T1–4 N0 M0), in 54% (7 von 13) des Tumoren mit Lymphknotenaber ohne Fernmetastasen (T1–4 N≥1 M0) und in 47% (9 von 35) des Tumoren mit Fernmetastasierung. Schlecht differenzierte Tumoren (G3–4) waren zu 42% (15 von 36) und gut differenzierte Tumoren (G1–2) nur zu 39% (7 von 18) positiv. Aber lediglich bei einer Patientin war der β-hCG-Spiegel im Serum erhöht. Zusammenfassung: Immunhistochemisch β-hCG-positive Magenkarzinome werden vermehrt bei fortgeschrittenem Tumorstadium und Schlecht differenzierten Karzinomen gefunden. Diese Kar zinome scheinen aber nicht in ausreichender Menge β-hCG ins Serum abzugeben, was zu serologisch meßbar erhöh-ten Werten führt. β-hCG im Serum kann daher nicht als Prognosefaktor bzw. zur Verlaufskontrolle herangezogen werden. Abzuwarten bleibt, inwieweit die β-hCG-Expression von Tumorzellen u. U. Einfluß auf die Propose der Patienten besitzt.
    Notes: Abstract Introduction: Recent investigations indicate that in 50% of patients with gastric cancer, β-hCG-posiitive cells can be found in the tumour by immunohistochemical investigations. The objective of this study was to investigate how often β-hCG-immunoreactive gastric carcinomas were accompanied by an elevation in serum β-hCG, that could have been used as a course control variable. Methods: In 54 patients with gastric carcinoma a monoclonal antibody directed against β-hCG was used for immunohistochemical marking in the APAAP system. The evaluation was graded positive or negative. In parallel, serum β-hCG was determined preoperatively using an enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). Tumour stage, grading and tumour locallization were determinants in the evaluation. Results: We found that 41% (22 of 54) of the carcinomas induced a :positive immunohistochemical response to β-hCG, regardless of their location in the stomach. In relation to tumour stage, a positive β-hCG immunoreactivity was apparent in 27% (6/22) of tumours without lymph node or distant metastases (TI -4N0M0), in 54% (7/13) of tumours with lymph node and without distant metastases (T1−4N≥1 M0) and in 47% (9/35) of tumours with distant metastases. Poorly differentiated tumours (G3–4) were positive in 42% (15/36) and well-differentiated tumors (G1–2) in 39% (7/18) of cases. In only 1 patient was the β-hCG, level in serum elevated, however. Conclusions: β-hCG-Positive gastric carcinomas are found more frequently in advanced tumour stages and poorly differentiated carcinomas. These carcinomas, however, seem not to excrete β-hCG in sufficient amounts to produce measurable serum values. Therefore, β-hCG cannot be used a prognostic factor or for course control. The relevance of β-hCG expression of tumour cells to the patients' prognosis remains obscure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207226
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  • 162
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    Superoxide dismutase in an animal model of otitis media (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Superoxide dismutase ; Otitis media Inflammation ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a metalloprotein that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion into O2 − and H202, and therefore functions to maintain a low intracellular concentration of an otherwise toxic metabolite of oxygen. SOD protects living tissue from the destructive effects of free radicals. Increasing evidence implicates free radicals, including the superoxide radical (O2 −), in the pathogenesis of disease, including otitis media. In an effort to elucidate the role free radicals play in the pathogenesis of otitis media, SOD was localized immunocytochemically to determine its cellular distribution in specimens of guinea pig middle ear. In normal ears, SOD was found concentrated in the epithelium of the middle ear mucosa. Low quantities were characteristic of connective tissue, bone, and cartilage. In streptococcus-infected ears, SOD localized similarly, concentrating in the epithelium. The infected ears had extensive submucosal edema which stained poorly and appeared to have less SOD than did normal ears. This was confirmed by an assay using laser densitometry of Western blots to quantify the amount of SOD in the mucosa of normal versus infected middle ears. This demonstrated a value of SOD in normal mucosa of 1.77 ± 0.48 μg/mg of protein compared with 1.02 ± 0.28 μg/mg in the infected mucosa. The two groups were significantly different at P 〈 0.05. These findings are discussed, and suggestions for future experimentation addressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178103
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  • 163
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    Morphological studies on the pathogenesis of Reinke's edema (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Reinke's laryngeal edema ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pathogenesis Neobursa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Light microscopy of vocal cord mucosa in patients with Reinke's edema revealed highly ramified fissured spaces in the subepithelial tissue that were generally lined with flat cells. The ultrastructure of the parietal cells resembled fibroblasts whose cytoplasmic extensions overlapped in two to three layers in some places. Cell contacts were not observed. Neither electron microscopy nor immunohistochemical testing with antibody against laminin demonstrated a basal membrane. It was possible to distinguish between light and dark cells in the specimens examined. The cytoplasm of the light cells contained intermediate filaments, mitochondria, lysosomes, coated vesicles, caveolae and broad cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The dark cells were more numerous and typically exhibited a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes. The parietal cells showed no immunoreaction against human vascular endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical demonstration of mesenchymal intermediate filaments using antibody against vimentin yielded a positive reaction for some of the cells in the walls of the crevices and subepithelial tissue. It was also possible to demonstrate a few cells with monoclonal antibody against macrophages (KiM6). These findings contradict the concept of lymphatic distension in cases of Reinke's edema. Since the parietal cells seen resembled synoviocytes in their structure and immunohistochemical reactions, findings indicate that the hollow spaces of Reinke's edema develop like neobursae from mechanical strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114753
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  • 164
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    Immunohistochemical and fine structural characterization of primary carcinoid tumors of the larynx (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Larynx ; Neuroendocrine carcinoma ; Carcinoid tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carcinoid tumors belong to the group of neuroendocrine tumors of epithelial origin, i.e., neuroendocrine carcinomas. These neoplasms usually occur in the gastrointestinal tract or bronchial system but are very rare neoplasms in the larynx. Since carcinoid tumors in this latter site may appear to be undifferentiated by light microscopy, they may possibly be misinterpreted and their neuroendocrine characteristics may remain unrecognized. Using immunohistochemical methods, three carcinoid tumors were studied and showed positive immunostaining for markers of epithelial origin (cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, carcino-embryonic antigen) and, in particular, for markers of neuroendocrine differentiation (chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase). All tumors expressed calcitonin-, serotonin- and adrenocorticotropic-hormone-like immunoreactivity. In contrast, three poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas showed positive immunostaining for epithelial markers but did not show any immunoreactivity with markers of endocrine characteristics. Fine structurally, carcinoid tumor cells contained neurosecretory-type granules scattered throughout the cytoplasm. The present study demonstrated that (1) carcinoid tumors of the larynx possess distinct immunohistochemical characteristics that allow a clear classification, (2) it is advisable to use a battery of primary antibodies rather than rely on specificity and sensitivity of a single marker to establish diagnosis and (3) the fine structural demonstration of neurosecretory-type granules serves as a reliable adjunct to diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00179916
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  • 165
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    Olfactory disturbances caused by the anti-cancer drug tegafur (1995)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 48-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Tegafur ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cell mitoses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Olfactory disturbances induced by the anticancer drug tegafur were studied in separate clinical and experimental investigations. Five patients with olfactory dysfunction after tegafur were studied and were found to have normal endoscopic findings of the olfactory cleft mucosa. The average period for drug administration was 22 months. Recovery from the olfactory disturbance was poor and biopsy of the olfactory mucosa revealed severely degenerated epithelium. In experimental studies in a guinea pig animal model, effects of oral tegafur on mitotic cells in the olfactory epithelium were examined using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake as index. At the conclusion of 3 weeks' treatment, no pronounced morphological changes were seen, but the number of BrdU-incorporating cells decreased in proportion to the dose of tegafur used. Following long-term administration of tegafur 18 months, mitotic cells reacting to BrdU or proliferating cell nuclear antigen had virtually disappeared, indicating persistent inhibition of mitotic cell activity. Morphological changes present included decreased olfactory cell numbers, loss of cells in areas just above basal cells and degeneration of the mucous layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171440
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  • 166
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    Masthead (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280101
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  • 167
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    Tripodal Triamidostannates as Building Blocks in the Generation of Sn - M-Bonded Heterobimetallics (M = Fe, Ru) (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tripodal ligands ; Triamidostannates ; Metal-metal bonds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By in situ lithiation of the trifunctional amines H3CC(CH2NHSiMe3)3, PhC(CH2NHSiMe3)3, and HC{SiMe2NH(p-Tolyl)}3 and subsequent reaction with SnCl2 the corresponding triamidostannates were obtained. These were coupled with CpM(CO)2Cl (M = Fe, Ru) to yield the M - Sn-bonded heterobimetallics 9-14 of which H3CC(CH2NSiMe3)3SnFe(CO)2Cp (9) was characterized by a single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Of the in situ-generated amidostannates only [HC{SiMe2N(p-Tolyl)}3Sn][Li(THF)3] (8) could be isolated as a uniform product and characterized analytically and spectroscopically.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280105
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  • 168
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    The Structures of [X2Y—N—YX2]+ Cations (X = F, Cl; Y = S, Se). A Comparison of X-ray and ab Initio Studies[1] (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Selenium-nitrogen compounds ; Sulfur-nitrogen compounds ; Calculations, ab initio ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structures of cationic species of the series [X2Y—N—YX2]+ (X = F, Cl; Y = S, Se) have been computed ab initio using all electron treatments for first-row elements and sulfur and quasi-relativistic pseudopotentials for Se and Cl. Splitvalence basis sets with polarization and diffuse functions were employed. The MP2 results for the (non-isostructural!) cations [Cl2Se—N—SeCl2]+ (1: Cs) and [F2S—N—SF2]+ (2: C2v) are in excellent agreement with the experimental (X-ray) observations. Both structures represent local minima. A deeper minimum for either of the cations is represented by another C2v isomer which for crystal lattice energy reasons is stable in the isolated state only. The geometries of the hitherto unknown species [Cl2S—N—SCl2]+ (3) and [F2Se—N—SeF2]+ (4) have been assessed by ab initio HF calculations. In analogy to 2, cations 3 and 4 are predicted to prefer C2v symmetry. Therefore, 1 exhibits unusual structural features. According to strictly localized natural bond orbital analysis (NBO), the central nitrogen atoms in 1 and 2 possess two lone pairs of electrons (LP: one sp hybrid and one p orbital). The relatively short Se—N and S—N bond distances in 1 (1.741-1.760 Å) and 2 (1.551 Å) can best be attributed to LP(N)→s̰*(Y—X) negative hyperconjugation (1: Y = Se, X = Cl; 2: Y = S, X = F).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280106
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    Die fördernde Rolle von Phosphinoester-Liganden bei der Synthese neutraler Carben-, Vinyliden- und Allenyliden-Ruthenium(II)-KomplexeHerrn Professor Hubert Schmidbaur zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ruthenium(II) complexes, octahedral ; Phosphino esters as mono- and bidentate ligands ; Fluxional behaviour ; Carbene complexes ; Vinylidene complexes ; Allenylidene complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinylidene Transition-Metal Complexes, XXXV[1].  -  The Supporting Role of Phosphino Ester Ligands for the Synthesis of Neutral Carbene, Vinylidene and Allenylidene Ruthenium(II) ComplexesThe reaction of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] (1) with the phosphino esters iPr2P(CH2)nCO2R (2-4) leads to complete (n = 1; R = CH3, C2H5) or partial (n = 2; R =CH3) displacement of the PPh3 ligands and formation of the octahedral ruthenium(II) complexes [RuCl2{k2(P,O)-iPr2PCH2CO2R}2] (5, 6) and [RuCl2(PPh3){k(P)-iPr2PCH2CH2CO2Me}{k2(P,O)-iPr2PCH2CH2CO2Me}] (7). Treatment of 5 with LiBr and LiI affords the dibromo- and diiodoruthenium derivatives 8 and 9. While compound 5 reacts with CO and SO2 by cleavage of one Ru - O bond to yield the 1:1 adducts [RuCl2(L){k(P)-iPr2PCH2CO2Me}{k2(P,O)-iPr2PCH2CO2Me}] (10, 11), the reaction of the dibromo derivative 8 with CO in solution gives the dicarbonyl complex [RuBr2(CO)2{k(P)-iPr2PCH2CO2Me}2](13). If CO is passed over 8 in the solid state, the corresponding monocarbonyl compound 14 is formed. The hydridoruthenium(II) complex 16, which is obtained from equimolar amounts of [RuHCl(CO)(PiPr3)2] (15) and 2, reacts with HC≡CMe by insertion to give the vinyl derivative [RuCl{E - CH=CHMe}(CO)(PiPr3){k2(P,O)-iPr2CH2CO2Me}] (17). Treatment of 5 with HC̊' (R' = H, Me, tBu, Ph) and of 6, 8, 9 with HC≡CPh affords upon photochemical activation the octahedral vinylidene complexes [RuX2-(=C=CHR){k(P)-iPr2PCH2CO2R}{k2(P,O)-iPr2PCH2CO2R}] (18-21 and 23-25) in good to excellent yield. At room temperature, these compounds (with the exception of 25) are highly fluxional in solution. From 31P-NMR measurements, the free energies of activation ΔG
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280108
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    Reaktionen von R2Al—AlR2 (R = CH(SiMe3)2) mit Trimethylsilylazid  -  Insertion in die Al—Al-Bindung und Abbau zum trimeren Dialkylaluminiumazid (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Aluminium-aluminium bond ; Insertion of trimethylsilyl azide ; Trimeric dialkylaluminium azide ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of R2Al—AlR2 (R = CH(SiMe3)2) with Trimethylsilyl Azide  -  Insertion into the Al—Al Bond and Formation of a Trimeric Dialkylaluminium AzideTetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]dialuminium(4) (1) reacts with trimethylsilyl azide under insertion of one nitrogen atom into the Al—Al bond. As shown by NMR spectra and crystal structure the product contains three and four coordinated Al atoms due to the coordination of the α-nitrogen atom of the azide group to one of the Al atoms. An electronically delocalized N3-system is formed with a N—N bond length of 132.0 pm and a bond order of 1.5 for both N—N bonds. With an excess of trimethylsilyl azide further reaction is observed only under mild irradiation conditions with an exchange of the azide group between Si and Al and formation of Me6Si2 and the dialkylaluminium azide 3, which is better synthesized by the reaction of Me3Si—N3 with Cl—Al[CH(SiMe3)2]2. The sterically highly shielded aluminium azide 3 is a trimer in the solid state showing a non-planar 12-membered Al3N9 heterocycle with short N—N bonds (114 pm).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280112
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    Transition-Metal Complexes with the Novel Scorpionate Ligand Dihydrobis-(tetrazolyl)borate: Synthesis and Characterization of Infinite Two-Dimensional Metal-Ligand Frameworks and One-Dimensional Water SubstructuresDedicated to Professor Dr. Herbert Schumann on the occassion of his 60th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 323-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Poly(azolyl)borates, metal complexes of ; Bis(tetrazolyl)borate, metal complexes of ; Metal-nitrogen coordination ; Coordination polymers ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dihydrobis(tetrazolyl)borate metal compounds of the composition [M(L)2{μ-H2B(CHN4)2}2]n for M = Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Cd with L = H2O and for M = Cu with L = NH3 are obtained from metal salts and K[H2B(CHN4)2]. Single-crystal X-ray studies reveal the formation of two-dimensional rhombic grid sheets through the bridging action of the bis(tetrazolyl)borate ligands. Each metal atom is octahedrally coordinated with two trans L ligands and four H2B(CHN4)-2 nitrogen donors. Two additional, hydrogen-bonded water molecules occupy the rhombic openings in the compounds with M = Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, and Cd. The water of crystallization is held in place through hydrogen bonding from the water ligands and to the nitrogen atoms to give a substructure of parallel kinked water chains. Temperature-variable magnetic measurements show a Curie-Weiss behavior for the paramagnetic complexes with M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280402
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  • 172
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    New Organophosphorus Ligands: Cyclopropanation and Other Reactions of Cumulenes Bearing Diphenylphosphanyl Substituents (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cumulenes ; Butadienes ; Vinylcyclopropane ; Vinylidenecyclopropane ; Bicyclopropyl, phosphanyl-substituted ; Cyclopropanation ; Phosphane ligands ; Phosphane chalcogenides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrophosphorylation of 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butadiyne with diphenylphosphane leads to the butadiene (Ph2P)2C=CH—CH=C(PPh2)2 (1). Treatment of 1 with dimethylsulfonium methylide gives the vinylcyclopropane (Ph2P)2C=CH—CH(CH2)C(PPh2)2 (2). Compound 2 reacts with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, elemental sulfur, or selenium to afford the tetrachalcogenides (Ph2XP)2C=CH—CH(CH2)C(PXPh2)2 with X = O (3), X = S (4), X = Se (5), respectively. While the tetraphosphane 1 and the vinyl-cyclopropane compound 2 cannot be converted into a bis-(cyclopropyl) compound with an excess of Me2S=CH2, the tetrasulfide 4 readily affords a mixture of (1R,1′R)-/(1S,1′S)-and meso-2,2,2′,2′-tetrakis(diphenylthiophosphinyl)-1,1′-bicyclopropyl (6, 7) in good yield. Treatment of 1,1,4,4-tetrakis-(diphenylphosphanyl)butatriene with dimethylsulfonium methylide leads to the vinylidenecyclopropane (Ph2P)2C=C=C(CH2)C(PPh2)2 (8). Compound 8 is converted into its tetrasulfide (Ph2SP)2C=C=C(CH2)C(PSPh2)2 (9) by treatment with elemental sulfur. The crystal structures of 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280408
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    Mono- und Diferriophosphane und -thioxophosphoraneHerrn Professor Dr. Ekkehard Lindner zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 413-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ferriophosphanes ; Ferriophosphoranes ; Thioxophosphane ligand ; Decarbonylation reaction ; Sulfurization ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mono- and Diferriophosphanes and -thioxophosphoranesHerrn Professor Dr. Ekkehard Lindner zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.The substitution of organic substituents in phosphanes or thioxophosphoranes by the 17-electron fragments CpFe-(CO)2 (—Fp) leads to isolobal ferriophosphanes or -thioxophosphoranes. The mono- and diferriophosphanes FpnPPh3-n [n = 1 (3), 2 (4)] are obtained by deprotonation of the mono- and diferriophosphonium salts [FpnPPh3-nH]X [n = 1 (1), 2 (2)] with DBU. They are oxidized by sulfur giving the mono- and diferriothioxophosphoranes FpnPPh3-n(S) [n = 1 (5), 2 (6)]. Sulfide 5 arises also from the reaction of CpFe(CO)2Cl and Ph2PH(S)/DBU. The one-sided decarbonylation reaction of 6 leads to FpFp′PPh(S) (7, Fp′ = CpFeCO). The Fp substituents (17 electrons) in 3-7 coordinate as one-electron donors to the PhnP- or PhnP(S) units (n = 1, 2). The bridging functions in 4 and 6 are hitherto unknown. The molecular structures of the complexes 5-7 were determined by X-ray structure analyses.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280413
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    About some Electrophilic Substitution Reactions with [(CF3S)3C+][AsF-6] (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 435-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trifluoromethylthio group ; Carbenium ions ; Diphenylmethane ; Dyes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tris(trifluoromethylthio)carbenium hexafluoroarsenate (1) reacts with N,N-dimethylaniline and anisole to form the corresponding diphenylmethanes 2, 3 with the SCF3 group at the methine carbon atom. During the reaction of 1 with benzene, compounds such as C6H5C(SCF3)3 and C6H5SCF3 are formed along with benzophenone, a product of hydrolysis of the diphenylmethane compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280417
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  • 175
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    Synthesis and Structure of the First Dimetalated Diphosphane Disulfide [(η5-C5Me5)(CO)2FeP(H)(S)]2 (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 441-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diphosphane disulfides ; Metallophosphoranes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first transition metal derivative meso-[(η5-C5Me5)(CO)2FeP(H)(S)]2 (2) of the unknown diphosphane disulfide [PH2(S)]2 results from treatment of (η5-C5Me5)(CO)2FePH2 (1) with 1.5 equivalents of elemental sulfur. Compound 2 was characterized by means of spectroscopy (IR, 31P, 31P{1H}, 13C{1H}, 1H NMR) as well as X-ray diffraction analysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280419
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  • 176
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    Preparation and Molecular Structures of Tetrahydrofuran, Diethylene Diglycol Dimethyl Ether and 18-Crown-6 Complexes of Strontium and Barium TetrahydridoborateDedicated to Prof. Dr. Nils Wiberg on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Strontium bis(tetrahydridoborate)-2 tetrahydrofuran, chain polymer of ; Strontium bis(tetrahydridoborate)-bis(diglyme) ; Barium bis(tetrahydridoborate)-bis(diglyme) ; Strontium bis(tetrahydridoborate)-1,4,7,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane ; Metal-hydrogen-boron bridges ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The strontium and barium tetrahydridoborate complexes M(BH4)2 · 2 diglyme and M(BH4)2 · 18-crown-6 (M = Sr, Ba) have been prepared from the solvates M(BH4)2 · 2 THF by ligand displacement. 11B-NMR and IR data reveal strongly polar bonding of the BH4 groups to the metal centers, and X-ray structural analyses of the diglyme and crown ether compounds show molecular units in which the BH4 group is in contact via three H atoms with the metal center. In contrast, M(BH4)2 · 2 THF compounds are chain polymers in the solid state, and each metal center is surrounded by 2 THF molecules in trans position and four BH4- groups each of which forms bridges with two metal centers. Estimations of the effective radius for the BH4 group indicate a high polarity for the M-BH4 interaction.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280504
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  • 177
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    Photochemische Reaktionen von Übergangsmetall-Organyl-Komplexen mit Olefinen, 1312. Mitteilung: Lit.Photochemisch induzierte [5+2],homo[5+21-Cycloaddition von 3-Hexin an Tricarbonyl(η5-2,4-cycloheptadien-l-yl)mangan (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 515-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Manganese ; Cycloheptadienyl ; Alkyne ; [5+2],homo[5+2] Cycloadditions ; Tricyclo[5.3.1.04,10]undeca-2,5-dien-11-yl ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemical Reactions of Transition Metal Organyl Complexes with Olefins, 1312. Mitteilung: Lit. . - Photochemically Induced [5+2], homo[5+2] Cycloaddition of 3-Hexyne to Tricarbonyl(η 5-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-yl)manganeseTricarbonyl(η5-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-yl)manganese (1) reacts upon UV irradiation in hexane at 243 K with two equivalents of 3-hexyne (2) in successive [5+2],homo[5+2] cycloadditions to give tricarbonyl(η2:2:1-1,2,3,11-tetraethyltricyclo-[5.3.1.04,10]undeca-2,5-dien-11-yl)manganese (3). Its crystal and molecular structure was determined by an X-ray diffraction analysis, in solution it was studied also by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280513
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  • 178
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    Masthead (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280601
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  • 179
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    1,4,2-Diazaphospholothiazoles and -pyridines by a Hantzsch-Type Condensation Using Chloromethyldichlorophosphane (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 581-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Anellated azaphospholes ; Hantzsch-type [3 + 2] cyclocondensation ; Chloromethyldichlorophosphane ; Regioselectivity ; 31P-, 1H-, 13C-NMR spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The [3 + 2] cyclocondensation of 2-amino-1,3-thiazoline, 2-aminopyridines, 2- and 4-aminopyrimidines, 2-aminopyrazine, and 2-aminoquinoline with chloromethyldichlorophosphane in the presence of triethylamine yields regiospecifically 5,6-dihydrothiazolo[2,3-e][1,4,2]diazaphosphole (3), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyridines (12), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyrimidines (15), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-e]pyrimidine (17), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyrazine (19), and [1,4,2]diazaphospholo[4,5-α]quinoline (22), respectively. Using 2-amino-1,3-thiazole (4) and 2-aminobenzothiazoles 8, we obtained mixtures of the 1,5- and 4,5-anellated 1,4,2-diazaphospholes 5/6, 9a/10a and 9b/10b, while in the case of the methyl derivative 8c only the [1,4,2]diazaphospholo[5,4-b][1,3]benzothiazole 10c was formed. In the reaction of 2-aminothiazole and 2-aminopyrazine with Chloromethyldichlorophosphane the bis(diazaphospholo)-substituted chloromethylphosphanes 7 and 20 could be detected. The new anellated 1,4,2-diazaphospholes are colorless to pale yellow crystalline moisture-sensitive solids.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280610
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  • 180
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    Reactions at Silicon-Silicon Bonds, V. Selective Trichlorosilylation of Alkyl(diorganylamino)chlorophosphanes with Hexachlorodisilane or with Trichlorosilane/Triethylamine. - Two Routes to New Functional Trichlorosilylphosphanes (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 615-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Reductive silylation ; Aminochlorophosphanes ; Silylphosphanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of alkyl(diorganylamino)chlorophosphanes R(R2′N)PCl 1 (1a: R = tBu, R′ = Et, 1b: R = iPr, R′ = iPr; 1c: R = iPr, R′ = Ph) with hexachlorodisilane, afforded alkyl(diorganylamino)trichlorosilylphosphanes R(R2′N)PSiCl3 2 (2a: R = tBu, R′ = Et; 2b: R = iPr, R′ = iPr; 2c: R = iPr, R′ = Ph) and silicon tetrachloride. An intermediate formed in the reaction of 1b with hexachlorodisilane, the adduct iPr(iPr2N)(Cl)P-Si(Cl)3-SiCl3 (3b = 1b · Si2Cl6), was detected by 31P- and 29Si-NMR spectra that indicate pentacoordinated silicon bound to tetracoordinated phosphorus and tetracoordinated silicon. Trichlorosilylphosphanes 2 are also available from 1 under very mild conditions by reductive trichlorosilylation with trichlorosilane in the presence of triethylamine. Compounds 2 were identified analytically, by mass spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR, and an X-ray structure determination of 2c.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280614
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  • 181
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    Reactions of Complex Ligands, LXIVPart LXIII: Ref.. Synthesis of 5,5′-Diphenyl-2,2′-bifuran, a Biaryl Compound with Remarkable Fluorescence Properties (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 641-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbene ligands ; Tungsten complexes ; 2,2′-Bifuran ; Copper coupling reaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 2-oxacyclic α,β-unsaturated carbene complex 1 reacts with an excess of dimethylamine to give the diphenylbifuran 2. The structure of 2 was established by independent synthesis from 2-phenylfuran (4) via regioselective lithiation and transmetalation to zinc and tin organometallics 6a-c and final oxidative copper coupling reactions.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280618
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  • 182
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    Synthesis of 2- and 3-Stannolenes via Addition of Trimethyltin Alkoxides to 3-Diethylboryl-4-ethyl-1,1-dimethylstannole (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 679-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Stannole, diethylboryl-substituted ; Trimethyltin alkoxides ; 2-, 3-Stannolenes, organometallic-substituted ; NMR, coupling constants, 2J(Sn,Sn), sign determination ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Trimethyltin alkoxides (2) react stereoselectively with 3-diethylboryl-4-ethyl-1,1-dimethylstannole (1) via addition of the Me3Sn group to C(2) to the C(2) = C(3) bond and a 1,2 shift of an ethyl group from boron to C(3) to give the 2-stannolenes 3. The molecular structure of 3f' [R = (S)-2-Bu] was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis, confirming the cis positions of the Et(RO)B and the Me3Sn group. These 2-stannolenes 3 undergo, upon heating to ca. 80°C, facile rearrangement by irreversible allylic migration of the Et(RO)B group to the 3-stannolenes 4 in which the cis positions of the boryl and the stannyl group are retained. All 2-stannolenes (in contrast to the 3-stannolenes) are readily deprotoborylated to give the 3-stannolene 5. The structures of 3, 4, and 5 follow conclusively from 1H-, 11B-, 13C-, and 119Sn-NMR spectra. The negative sign of the geminal coupling constants 2J(SnSn) was determined in the case of 3, 4, and 5 by 2D 119Sn/1H heteronuclear shift correlations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280705
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  • 183
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    Synthesis of Structures of (Acyloxy)boranesDedicated to Prof. Dr. A. Schmidpeter on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Synthesis of Structures of (Acyloxy)boranes (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 751-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trifluoroacyloxy-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ; Pivaloyloxy-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane dimer ; Bis(9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl]oxalate ; Tetrakis(9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl)-dihydroxyoxalate ; Bis(9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl)-2,2-dimethylmalonate tetramer ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBNH) reacts with monocarboxylic acids to afford 9-(acyloxy)-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes which are dimers in the solid state as shown by X-ray crystal structures of the benzoate and pivalate. More complex reactions were observed by allowing 9-BBNH to react with dicarboxylic acids in THF or monoglyme. Thus, (9-BBN)2 oxalate 3 contains a fully delocalized oxalate unit with equal C-O and B-O bond lengths. Traces of water convert it into the tetrakis(9-BBN) oxalate 5. A rather unusual structure is veryfied by 9-BBN 2,2-dimethylmalonate 7 which according to its molecular structure is a tetramer featuring a 32-membered ring system. In contrast, reactions of oxalic acid with thexylborane leads to reduction of the acid and formation of a bicyclic dioxaborolo-dioxaborolane 10. Several intermediates were detected by 11B-NMR spectroscopy as well as in reactions of BH3 · THF or BH3 · SMe2 with oxalic acid.  -  It follows from the present study that (acyloxy)boranes derived from dicarboxylic acids are strong Lewis acids with an unexpected variety of structural features.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280803
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  • 184
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    A T-Shaped Selenenyl Halide: Synthesis and Characterisation of a Proposed Reaction Intermediate (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 741-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Selenenyl halides ; Nucleophilic substitution ; Complex intermediate ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The T-shaped selenenyl halide (1), which may be regarded as a model substance for the transition state in nucleophilic displacement at divalent chalcogen atoms, has been isolated and subjected to X-ray structure determination.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280715
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  • 185
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    Zinc Complexes of Drugs Containing Nitrogen Heterocycles (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 779-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc complexes ; Drug ligands ; Captopril ; Isoniazid ; Nalidixic acid ; Mercaptopurine ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four drugs whose actions have a relation to the status of zinccontaining species in the human body were used as ligands in zinc complexes. Captopril (H2Cap) forms the compound [ZnCap] (1) presumed to be a coordination polymer with O and S coordination. Isoniazid, in the presence of zinc salts, is converted to 1,2-diisonicotinoyl hydrazide (H2Nih) which forms polymeric [Zn(Nih)NH3] (2) with trigonal-bipyramidal ZnO2N3 coordination. Nalidixic acid (HNal) and zinc perchlorate yield [Zn(HNal)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 · 2 H2O (3) containing zinc in an octahedral ZnO6 environment. Mercaptopurine (H2Mer), in the presence of ammonia, forms [Zn(Mer)(NH3)2] . H2O (4) which is a coordination polymer containing tetrahedral ZnN4 units. The structures of [Zn(Nih)NH3], [Zn(HNal)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 . 2 H2O, and [Zn(Mer)(NH3)2] . 2 H2O were determined diffractometrically.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280807
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  • 186
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    Enantioselective Deprotonation of Benzyl Phosphates by Homochiral Lithium Amide Bases  -  Configurational Stability of Benzyl Carbanions with a Dialkoxyphosphoryloxy Substituent and Their Rearrangement to Optically Active α-Hydroxy Phosphonates (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 823-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphate-phosphonate rearrangement ; Carbanions, benzylic, configurational stability of ; Phosphonaes Lithium amides, homochiral ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Benzyl dialkyl phosphates are deprotonated enantioselectively by homochiral lithium amides of isopropyl(1-phenylethyl)amine or bis(1-phenylethyl)amine. The short-lived benzylic carbanions formed are virtually configurationally stable relative to the rearrangement to optically active phenyl-hydroxymethylphosphonates. The enantiomeric excesses are up to 50%. The pro-(S) hydrogen is removed by amides having (S) configuration. Homochiral diethyl (S)-phenyl[D1]-methyl phosphate [(S)-16c] is deprotonated by both LDA and n-BuLi with a high primary kinetic isotope effect (kH/D ≍ 50) and isomerizes to the corresponding α-hydroxy phosphonate with an enantiomeric excess of up to 85%.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280814
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  • 187
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    Tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) Complexes  -  Broad Variation of the Redox Potential by 4,7-Substitution at the Phenanthroline Ligands[1] (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 845-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phenanthroline synthesis ; Tris(phenanthroline)iron(II) complexes ; Redox potential ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Electron transfer, outer-sphere ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new 4,7-donor-substituted phenanthrolines 2a-h were synthesized and the corresponding tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) complexes 3a-h studied by cyclic voltammetry. In more detail three novel aza-crown ether-linked (phenanthroline)iron complexes were investigated, the redox potentials of which could be fine-tuned by the addition of group-Ia,IIa metal cations. All iron(II) complexes showed reversible waves at scan rates between 50 and 500 mV · s-1 and could be reversibly oxidized and reduced by chemical means.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280816
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    Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane-Bridged Dinuclear Complexes, 10Part 9: B. Stempfle, H. Werner, Gazz. Chim. Ital., 1995, 125, in press. The Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane Link between Lewis Basic and Lewis Acidic Metal CentersDedicated to Prof. Dr. Herbert Schumann on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 877-881 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane ; Heterobimetallic complexes ; Imido complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mononuclear rhodium complexes [(C5H5CH2C5H4)-Rh(CO)2] (1) and [(C5H5CH2C5H4)Rh(PhC≡CPh)(PiPr3)] (2) readily react with nBuLi or TlOEt to yield the corresponding lithium salts 3 and 4 or thallium salts 5 and 6. The reaction of these salts with [(C5H5)Nb(NtBu)Cl2] (7) leads to the formation of the heterodinuclear compounds [{CH2(C5H4)2}-{Rh(CO)2}{(C5H5)Nb(NtBu)Cl}] (8) and [{CH2(C5H4)2}-{Rh(PhC≡CPh)(PiPr3)}{(C5H5)Nb(NtBu)Cl}] (9), respectively. Treatment of 3-6 with [Mo(NtBu)2Cl2] (10) gives the heterodinuclear Rh/Mo complexes [{CH2(C5H4)2}{Rh(CO)2}-{Mo(NtBu)2Cl}] (11) and [{CH2(C5H4)2}{Rh(PhC≡CPh)-(PiPr3)}{Mo(NtBu)2Cl}] (12). The analogous reaction of [Mo(NMes)2Cl2(DME)] (13) with 3-6 yields the corresponding complexes [{CH2(C5H4)2}{Rh(CO)2}{Mo(NMes)2Cl}] (14) and [{CH2(C5H4)2}{Rh(PhC≡CPh)(PiPr3)}{Mo(NMes)2Cl}] (15). From the monometallated ligand [(C5H5CH2C5H4)M] (M = Li: 16; M = Tl: 17) and the imidometal compounds 7, 10 and 13, the mononuclear complexes [(C5H5CH2C5H4)(C5H5)Nb-(NtBu)Cl] (18) and [(C5H5CH2C5H4)Mo(NR)2Cl] (R = tBu: 19; R = Mes: 20) have been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280905
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  • 189
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    Addition von Hydrofullerid [C60H]- an koordinierte, ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe: Bindung von Fulleren an Metallkomplexe über KohlenwasserstoffbrückenHerrn Professor Herbert Walter Roesky zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1059-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Fullerene ; Hydrofulleride ; Manganese complex ; Rhenium complex ; Iron complexes ; Ruthenium complex ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Addition of Hydrofulleride [C60H]- to Coordinated, Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Binding of Fullerene to Metal Complexes through Hydrocarbon BridgesHerrn Professor Herbert Walter Roesky zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.Hydrofulleride [C60H]- is added to the hydrocarbon ligands of the cationic complexes [(OC)5Re(η2-C2H4)]+, [(OC)3Mn-(η6-C6H6)]+, [(OC)3M(η5-C6H7)]+ (M = Fe, Ru), [(OC)3Fe(η5-C7H9)]+, and [(η5-C5H5)Fe(η6-C5H4CH2)]+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281017
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  • 190
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    Controlled Conversion of the Transient 2-Mesityl-1,1-bis(trimethylsilyl)silene into a Tetrahydro-2,3-disilanaphthalene, a 1,2-Disilacyclobutane, or a 1,3-Disilacyclobutane (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1083-1088 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silenes ; Silene dimerization ; 1,2-Disilacyclobutanes ; 1,3-Disilacyclobutanes ; 2,3-Disilanaphthalene, tetrahydro- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mesityl[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]methanol (1) reacts with strong bases with elimination of trimethylsilanolate according to a Peterson-type mechanism, the outcome of the reaction being dependent on solvent, temperature, and nature of the organometallic base applied. Thus, 1 was converted by treatment with MeLi in ether at -78°C to (E)-1,2,3,8a-tetra -hydro-1-mesityl-5,7,8a-trimethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrakis (trimethylsi-lyl)-2,3-disilanaphthalene (3), formally a [2 + 4] cyclodimer of the transient silene (Me3Si)2Si=CHMes (2). The reaction of 1 with PhMgBr in THF after some days resulted in the formation of (Z)-3,4-dimesityl-1,1,2,2-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl) -1,2-disilacyclobutane (6) as the main product besides small quantities of 3, the polysilane (Me3SiSi(SiMe3)2CH2Mes (10), and the alkoxysilane (Me3Si)3SiCH(Mes)OSi(Si-Me3)2CH2Mes (7). Compound 6, the formal [2 + 2] cycloadduct of 2, can also be obtained by thermal treatment of 3 and is considered to be the thermodynamically more stable silene dimer whereas 3 is the kinetically preferred product. At high LiBr concentrations in the reaction mixture 1 was converted by PhMgBr in THF to (E)-2,4-dimesityl-1,1,3,3-tetrakis(tri- methylsilyl)-1,3-disilacyclobutane (13) besides 6 and [bis(tri-methylsilyl)silyl]mesityl(trimethylsiloxy)methane (11). The unforeseen formation of 13 is discussed as proceeding via the silene-lithium bromide adduct (Me3Si)2Si(Br)CH(Li)Mes (12). In the absence of LiBr 1 was converted by MeLi in THF at -78°C to 11 and the trisilane (Me3Si)2Si(Me)CH2Mes (4b). Probable pathways of the formation of all new compounds are discussed. For 6 and 13 the results of the X-ray structural analyses are given.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281105
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  • 191
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    Metallkomplexe mit biologisch wichtigen Lisganden, LXXXLXXIX. Mitteilung: Lit.. (η3:η3-C10H16)Ru(IV)-Komplexe mit α-Aminocarboxylaten, α-Aminosäureestern und Peptidestern als Liganden (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1117-1125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1,8-diyl ; Ruthenium complexes ; α-Amino carboxylates ; α-Amino acid esters ; Peptide esters ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal Complexes Containing Biologically Important Ligands, LXXXLXXIX. Mitteilung: Lit. .  -  (η3:η3-C10H16)Ru(IV) Complexes with α-Amino Carboxylates, α-Amino Acid Esters, and Peptide Esters as LigandsReactions of the chloro-bridged bis(allyl) complex [(η3:η3-C10H16)Ru(Cl)(μ-Cl)]2 with α-amino carboxylates and α-amino acid esters afford the complexes (η3:η3-C10H16)(Cl)RuNH2CHRCO2 (2) and (η3:η3-C10H16)(Cl)2-RuNH2CHRCO2R′ (3). Abstraction of chloride from 3 by Ag+ gives the N,O-chelates [(η3:η3-C10H16)(Cl)RuNH2CHRCO2R′]+BF4 (4). Cysteine methyl ester forms the N,S-chelate complex (η3:η3-C10H16)(Cl)RuNH2CH(CO2CH3)CH2S (5), and with histidine methyl ester a dinuclear complex 6 with N,N-histidine bridge is obtained. Compound 3d with L-PheOEt as ligand was characterized by X-ray diffraction.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281110
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  • 192
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    [MeO(CH2CH2O)3(CH2)3C5Me4]FeCl: A Halfsandwich Iron (II) Chloride Complex of Remarkable Stability (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1135-1136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hemilabile ligands ; Cyclopentadienyl ligands, functionalised ; Iron compounds ; Halfsandwich complex ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of iron(II) chloride with one equivalent of [MeO-(CH2CH2O)3(CH2)3C5Me4]Li in THF yields the title halfsand-wich complex 1, which is stable in solution up to room temperature. Compound 1 reacts with C5H5Li and CO to give [MeO(CH2CH2O)3(CH2)3C5Me4]Fe(C5H5) (2) and [MeO-(CH2CH2O)3(CH2)3C5Me4]Fe(CO)2CI (3), respectively, in high yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281113
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  • 193
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    [Cp4Fe4(E2)2] Clusters with Triangulated Dodecahedral Fe4E4 Skeletons (E = P, As)Dedicated to Professor Herbert Schumann on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1145-1148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: P2, As2, P2S2, and P2Se2 ligands ; Iron complexes ; Triangulated dodecahedra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermolysis of [CpFe(CO)2]2 (1) and P4 or As4 affords the iron clusters [Cp4Fe4(E2)2], E = As (2a), P (2b), the Fe4E4 skeleton of which consists of a triangulated dodecahedron. S8 and gray Se oxidize the P2 ligands of 2b with formation of [Cp4Fe4(P2X2)2], X = S (3a), Se (3b), complexes with the hitherto unknown P2X2 ligands, 2a, b and 3a, b have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281202
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  • 194
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    Functionalized Diorganozinc Compounds: Key Reagents for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 2,5-Disubstituted cis- and trans-Tetrahydrofurans (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1021-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Synthesis, stereoselective ; Catalysis ; Tetrahydrofurans ; Dialkylzinc reagents ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,4-Diol derivatives 4a-i were synthesized stereoselectively by either reagent- or catalyst-controlled routes using the addition of functionalized diorganozinc reagents to aldehydes. The stereoselectivities along the reagent-controlled synthetic path were in the range between 80:20 and 95:5. The stereoselectivities along the catalyst route exceeded 95:5. The 1,4-diol derivatives 4 thus obtained were transformed into enantiomerically pure cis- and trans-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans (16-20) by means of an intramolecular Williamson reaction.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281010
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  • 195
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    Contributions to the Chemistry of Boron, 231Part 230: Ref.. Synthesis and Structures of Borylated HydrazinesDedicated to Professor H. P. Fritz on the occasion of his 65th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1187-1194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hydrazines ; N,N'-bis(diphenylboryl)-N,N'-dimethyl- ; N,N'-bis(diphenylboryl)-N',N'-dimethyl- ; N,N'-bis(dimethylphenylsilyl)- ; N,N'-bis(chloromesitylboryl)-N'-phenyl-N'-(trimethylsilyl)- ; 1,2,4,5,3,6-Tetrazadiborinane, 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3,6-difluoro- ; Triazadiborolidine, dihydro-, derivative ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The diboration of the diazene PhN = NSiMe3 (15) by diborane(4) derivatives provides a new synthetic route to N,N'-diborylated hydrazines. The product formed depends on the type of the diborane(4) compound. Thus, addition of dimesityldiboron dichloride to 15 in a 1:1 ratio afforded (mesCIB)PhN-N(SiMe3)(BClmes) (16) while bis(dimethyl-amino)diboron dichloride was found to react in a 1:2 ratio to give a triazadiborolidine derivative 17. In addition, it was demonstrated that in the solid state Me2N-N(BPh2)2 (8) is a derivative of a three-membered dihydroazadiboriridine C while its isomer, (Ph2B)MeN-NMe(BPh2) (7), forms no BN coordinative bond. The new 3,6-difluoro-1,2,4,5-tetraza-3,6-diborine 13 shows a twist conformation. The molecular structures of all these compounds were determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis, and the influence of the B substituent on the conformation is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281209
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  • 196
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    Metal Complexes of Functional Isocyanides, XXV. Amino(hydrazino)carbene Complexes (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1061-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: N-Isocyanides ; N-Isocyanodialkylamine complexes ; Carbene complexes ; Imaging-Plate data collection ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The N-isocyanodialkylamine metal complexes [M(CO)5CN-NR2] (M = Cr, W), trans-[MI2(CNNR2)2] (M = Pd, Pt), trans-[Pt(Cl)(CNNR2)(PPh3)2]BF4, and cis-[PtCl2(CNNR2)(PPh3)] [R = Et, iPr; 2 R = -{CHMe(CH2)3CHMe}-] react with primary amines to give the amino(hydrazino)carbene metal complexes [M(CO)5(C(NHR′)NHNR2}] (R′ = Me, nPr, Cy) (1-9), trans-[PtI2{C(NHMe)NHNR2}2] (10-12) and trans, and the amine adducts cis-[PtCl2{C(NHMe)NHNC(H)(Me) (CH2)3CHMe}(PPh3)] H2NMe (14), and trans-[PdI2{C (NHMe)NHNC(H)(Me)(CH2)3CHMe}2] 2 H2NMe (15). With secondary amines the amino(hydrazino)carbene metal complexes trans (18) and trans-[PtCl{C(NEt2)NHNEt2} (PPh3)2]BF4 (19) Were isolated. The complexes trans-[PtI2{C(NHCy)NHNiPr2}CNNiPr 2] (20) and trans-[PdI2 (NH2Cy){C(NHCy)NHNiPr2}] (21) were obtained by reaction of trans-[MI2(CNNiPr2)2] (M = Pd, Pt) with cyclohexylamine. The structures were assigned on the basis of IR, NMR- (1H, 13C, 31P), and mass spectroscopy as well as an X-ray structural analysis of 21.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281102
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  • 197
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    Metallocenophanes, VIIPart VI: Ref.. Preparation and Characterisation of the Disilver(I) Complexes of Conjugated Polyenes with [2.2.2]Paracyclophanyl End Groups (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1079-1082 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: [2.2.2]Paracyclophanes ; Polyenes ; Silver complexes ; X-Ray structural analysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of the disilver(I) complexes 3 and 4, polyene metal complexes that are terminally substituted with [2.2.2]paracyclophanyl units, is described. NMR spectro-scopic studies on the disilver perchlorate complex 3b showed that (a) the sites of complexation are the cyclophane groups and (b) the olefinic spacers do not overly perturb the overall complexation properties of the individual [2.2.2]paracyclo-phanyl groups. The crystal structures of the disilver hexafluo-roantimonate complexes 4a-b were determined. The use of the hexafluoroantimonate counterion and solvent mixtures containing toluene both proved crucial in obtaining single crystals; toluene is incorportated into the crystal lattices.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281104
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  • 198
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    Highly Substituted Tris(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands and Some Zinc Complexes Thereof (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1095-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc complexes ; Tridentate ligands ; Tris(pyrazolyl)methane ; Reactivity ; Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands in which two or three of the pyrazole carbon atoms bear organic substituents (L1-L7) were synthesized from chloroform and the corresponding pyrazole under phase transfer conditions. Their behavior towards zinc salts was found to span the range from no reaction at all to hydrolytic destruction. One hydrolysis product isolated and structurally characterized was the perchlorate complex [(HPz5)3Zn-OClO3]ClO4 (1), other ones were the 2:1 complexes (HPz3)2ZnBr2 (2) and (HPz6)2Zn(NO3)2 (3, HPzn = substituted pyrazole). Zinc perchlorate and tris(trimethylpy-razolyl)methane (L2) formed the octahedral binary complex [L22Zn](ClO4)2 (4) as evidenced by a structure determination. Zinc halides produced the 1:1 complexes L1 · ZnBr2 (5), L4 · ZnCl2 (6), and L4 · ZnBr2 (7), which according to the structure determinations of 6 and 7 contain tetrahedral ZnN2Hal2 units with only bidentate tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands. In contrast, the zinc nitrate complex L4 · Zn(NO3)2 (8) was found to have an octahedral structure with mono- and bidentate nitrate and tridentate L4. The bromide complex 7 was converted by silver perchlorate hydrate into the labile compound [L4 · ZnBr]ClO4 (9) and then into the unstable product [L4 · Zn-OH2](ClO4)2 (10), both presumed to contain zinc in a tetrahedral ZnN3Br or ZnN3O environment, respectively. The ease of hydrolytic self-destruction prevented the exploitation of the reactivity of 9 and 10 in analogy to that of the corresponding tris(pyrazolyl)borate zinc complexes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281107
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  • 199
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    Unusual Complexation Behavior of Metallomacrocycles Based on Isothiosemicarbazides with Respect to Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Ions: Novel 2:1 Associates (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1089-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Metallomacrocycles ; Nickel complexes ; Complexation reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions between alkali and alkaline earth metal ions and nickel(II) macrocycles based on S-alkylated isothiosemi-carbazides with different crown ether cavity size were studied in propylene carbonate by spectrophotometric and calorimetric titrations. Metallomacrocycles 1 and 2 exhibit normal behavior on 1:1 complexation with alkali- and alkaline earth metal ions and resemble in this respect 15C5 and 18C6, respectively. The most stable complexes are formed by these “ligands” when the diameter of the cation and the crown ether hole have approximately the same size. The most striking feature of the complexation processes studied is the formation of 1:2 metal-ligand associates even in the case of the smallest cations. These associates are very different from “normal” crown ether sandwich complexes. In reality, the particle formed is an associate between a 1:1 complex, in which the corresponding metal ion is well accommdated inside the ligand cavity, and a second metallomacrocyclic ligand. Their formation is disfavored by enthalpic contributions. A special kind of “switch” from these associates to normal sandwich complexes takes place in the case of 1, when the cation diameter compared to hole size increases. The macrocycle 2 forms this kind of associates with all akali and alkaline earth ions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281106
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  • 200
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    Synthesis and Reactivity of Silicon Transition Metal Complexes, 3433. Mitteilung: Lit.. Pentachlordisilanyl- und Disilanyl-Komplexe von Molybdän und Wolfram: Darstellung, Struktur und spektroskopische CharakterisierungHerrn Professor Hubert Schmidbaur zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1109-1115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silicon transition metal complexes ; Metallodisilanes ; Nucleophilic metallation ; Cl/H exchange at silicon ; Raman spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Reactivity of Silicon Transition Metal Complexes, 34[*].  -  Pentachlorodisilanyl and Disilanyl Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten: Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopic CharacterizationReaction of the lithium metallates Li[M(PMe3)(CO)2C5R5] [M = Mo, W; R = H (1a, b), Me (1c, d)] with Si2Cl6 (2) leads to the formation of the pentachloro(metallo)disilanes 5R5(OC)2(Me3P)M - SiCl2 - SiCl3 (3a - d), which are transformed into the metallo disilanes C5R5(OC)2(Me3P)M - SiH2 - SiH3 (4a - d) on treatment with LiAlH4. The disilanes 4a - d are reconverted into 3a - d in the presence of tetrachloromethane. Extensive spectroscopic investigations (NMR, Raman, and IR spectroscopy) were performed to establish the transition-metal effect especially with respect to the H5Si2 ligand. The molecular structure of C5Me5(OC)2(Me3P)W - SiCl2 - SiCl3 (3d) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281109
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