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  • 2005-2009  (41,673)
  • 1920-1924
  • 2005  (41,673)
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  • 101
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We describe a prototypical framework that further automates system management by composing complex management tasks from elementary actions, and executing composite tasks with feedback-awareness. {\sl FEEDBACKFLOW} implements a general closed control loop of \emph{planning - execution - result validation - replanning}, and generates workflows of system management actions in an adaptive manner. System-dependent behaviour of the loop is specified by declarative description of the domain (essentially descriptions of available actions), and statement of the goal. We evaluate the design of this framework on examples taken from resource construction in Utility Computing environments, and discuss the challenges we have encountered. Our implementation utilizes external components such as \emph{MBP}, a \emph{PDDL}-conform planner, and \emph{Triana}, a workflow specification and execution framework. An alternative approach involving \emph{BPEL4WS} is discussed.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 102
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: For a real world problem --- transporting pallets between warehouses in order to guarantee sufficient supply for known and additional stochastic demand --- we propose a solution approach via convex relaxation of an integer programming formulation, suitable for online optimization. The essential new element linking routing and inventory management is a convex piecewise linear cost function that is based on minimizing the expected number of pallets that still need transportation. For speed, the convex relaxation is solved approximately by a bundle approach yielding an online schedule in 5 to 12 minutes for up to 3 warehouses and 40000 articles; in contrast, computation times of state of the art LP-solvers are prohibitive for online application. In extensive numerical experiments on a real world data stream, the approximate solutions exhibit negligible loss in quality; in long term simulations the proposed method reduces the average number of pallets needing transportation due to short term demand to less than half the number observed in the data stream.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 103
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: This paper introduces a new algorithm of conformational analysis based on mesh-free methods as described in [M. Weber. Mehless methods in Conformation Dynamics.(2005)]. The adaptive decomposition of the conformational space by softly limiting functions avoids trapping effects and allows adaptive refinement strategies. These properties of the algorithm makes ZIBgridfree particularly suitable for the complete exploration of high-dimensional conformational space. The adaptive control of the algorithm benefits from the tight integration of molecular simulation and conformational analysis. An emphasized part of the analysis is the Robust Perron Cluster Analysis (PCCA+) based on the work of Peter Deuflhard and Marcus Weber. PCCA+ supports an almost-characteristic cluster definition with an outstanding mapping of transition states. The outcome is expressed by the metastable sets of conformations, their thermodynamic weights and flexibility.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 104
    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: This paper reports on the fourth version of the Mixed Integer Programming Library. Since ({\sc miplib}) is to provide a concise set of challenging problems, it became necessary to purge instances that became too easy. We present an overview of the 27 new problems and statistical data for all 60 instances.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 105
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: Der Artikel beschreibt ein mathematisches Optimierungssystem zur Betriebsplanung in großen Wassernetzen, das bei den Berliner Wasserbetrieben eingesetzt wird. Für das Berliner Versorgungsnetz werden Optimierungsergebnisse vorgestellt.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 106
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: \\ Zusammenfassung: Der Kooperative Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) betreibt für das KOBV-Portal einen Austausch von Beschreibungen zu elektronischen Ressourcen (Metadaten), der zwisc zwischen verschiedenen Informationsportalen in der Region durchgeführt wird. Die unterschiedlichen Informationsportale verwenden verschiedene Metadaten-Schemata und Austausch-Formate für ihre Ressourcebeschreibungen. Um die Heterogenität der Metadaten zu überwinden, wurde der KOBV-Metadaten-Austausch-Parser (KMA-Parser) entwickelt. Andere Metadaten-Schemata werden auf das KOBV-Metadaten-Schema abgebildet. Der KMA-Parser führt gegebenenfalls eine Format-Transformation durch, konvertiert die Inhalte einzelner Elemente über Konkordanzen und erzeugt neue Metadaten-Elemente aus vorhandenen Feldern. Er validiert den Inhalt auf Vollständigkeit und steuert den Austausch der Metadaten zwischen den Portalen. Der Umwandlungsprozess funktioniert jedoch nicht nur in die Richtung des KOBV-Portals, sondern auch in die entgegengesetzte Richtung. Der Artikel beschreibt die einzelnen Vorgänge im KMA-Parser und schildert die Erfahrungen im Umgang mit der Heterogenität von Metadaten. Die gewonnenen Erfahrungen verweisen auf grundlegende Perspektiven in der universellen Zusammenarbeit von Informationsanbietern und -providern.The Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV) has built a framework for a bi-directional exchange workflow of electronic resourcesÆ descriptions (metadata) between the KOBV Portal and other Information Portals in the region. The Information Portals use different exchange formats, metadata schemata and controlled vocabularies for their descriptions of resources. In order to overcome this metadata heterogeneity, an application, the KOBV Metadata Exchange Parser (KMA-Parser), has been developed. The KMA-Parser maps the local portalsÆ metadata schemata into the metadata schema of the KOBV Portal. If necessary, it transforms the exchange format, converts contents of individual elements by means roduces new metadata elements on the basis of existent elements. It checks elementsÆ contents on completeness and controls the metadata exchange between the portals. However, the transformation process takes place not only towards the KOBV Portal, but al so vice versa. The article describes the individual processes in the KMA Parser and depicts the experiences in handling the metadataÆs heterogeneity. The experiences gathered give an idea of the prospects for a universal cooperation between information suppliers and providers.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 107
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: \newcommand{\chordsharp}{Chord$^\##$} Data lookup is a fundamental problem in peer-to-peer systems: Given a key, find the node that stores the associated object. Chord and other P2P algorithms use distributed hash tables (DHTs) to distribute the keys and nodes evenly across a logical ring. Using an efficient routing strategy, DHTs provide a routing performance of $O (\log N)$ in networks of $N$ nodes. While the routing performance has been shown to be optimal, the uniform key distribution makes it impossible for DHTs to support range queries. For range queries, consecutive keys must be stored on lo gically neighboring nodes. In this paper, we present an enhancement of Chord that eliminates the hash function while keeping the same routing performance. The resulting algorithm, named \chordsharp{}, provides a richer function ality while maintaining the same complexity. In addition to Chord, \chordsharp{} adapts to load imbalance.
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    Language: English
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: This paper is concerned with the sensitivities of function space oriented interior point approximations in parameter dependent problems. For an abstract setting that covers control constrained optimal control problems, the convergence of interior point sensitivities to the sensitivities of the optimal solution is shown. Error bounds for $L_q$ norms are derived and illustrated with numerical examples.
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We present an approach to implement an auction of railway slots. Railway network, train driving characteristics, and safety requirements are described by a simplified, but still complex macroscopic model. In this environment, slots are modelled as combinations of scheduled track segments. The auction design builds on the iterative combinatorial auction. However, combinatorial bids are restricted to some types of slot bundles that realize positive synergies between slots. We present a bidding language that allows bidding for these slot bundles. An integer programming approach is proposed to solve the winner determination problem of our auction. Computational results for auction simulations in the Hannover-Fulda-Kassel area of the German railway network give evidence that auction approaches can induce a more efficient use of railway capacity.
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    Language: English
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  • 110
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Das Travelling-Salesman-Problem (TSP) ist das am intensivsten untersuchte kombinatorische Optimierungsproblem. In diesem Abschnitt wird eine Einführung in das TSP gegeben. Es werden Problemstellungen erläutert, Anwendungen skizziert und einige Schwierigkeiten bei der korrekten Modellierung der Zielfunktion dargelegt. Es ist gar nicht so klar, was in einem konkreten Problem die wirkliche Entfernung ist. Exakte und approximative Lösungsverfahren werden an Beispielen skizziert, und es wird angedeutet, dass man, obwohl TSPs zu den theoretisch schweren Problemen zählen, in der Praxis TSPs von atemberaubender Größe lösen kann.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 111
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Mit der Installation des neuen Hochleistungsrechners für die norddeutschen Länder (HLRN) steht den Wissenschaftlern ein außergewöhnlich leistungsfähiges System zur Verfügung. Durch die Verteilung der Rechenelemente auf zwei verschiedene Standorte in Berlin (ZIB) und Hannover (RRZN) entstehen jedoch auch neue Herausforderungen für den Betrieb und die effiziente Nutzung des Rechners. Inhalt dieses Projektes ist die Erforschung und Lösung der durch die Verteilung des Systems hervorgerufenen Probleme (z.B. Scheduling, Kommunikation, I/O). Es werden effiziente Lösungen zur Bereitstellung eines virtuellen, hoch-performanten und transparenten Systems entwickelt, die auf vergleichbare Installationen übertragbar sind.
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    Language: German
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  • 112
    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: We study the complexity of two Inverse Shortest Paths (ISP) problems with integer arc lengths and the requirement for uniquely determined shortest paths. Given a collection of paths in a directed graph, the task is to find positive integer arc lengths such that the given paths are uniquely determined shortest paths between their respective terminals. The first problem seeks for arc lengths that minimize the length of the longest of the prescribed paths. In the second problem, the length of the longest arc is to be minimized. We show that it is $np-hard$ to approximate the minimal longest path length within a factor less than $8/7$ or the minimal longest arc length within a factor less than $9/8$. This answers the (previously) open question whether these problems are $np-hard$ or not. We also present a simple algorithm that achieves an $\mathcal{O}(|V|)$-approximation guarantee for both variants. Both ISP problems arise in the planning of telecommunication networks with shortest path routing protocols. Our results imply that it is $\mathcal{NP}$-hard to decide whether a given path set can be realized with a real shortest path routing protocol such as OSPF, IS-IS, or RIP.
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  • 113
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We perform a classification of integrable systems of mixed scalar and vector evolution equations with respect to higher symmetries. We consider polynomial systems that are homogeneous under a suitable weighting of variables. This paper deals with the KdV weighting, the Burgers (or potential KdV or modified KdV) weighting, the Ibragimov--Shabat weighting and two unfamiliar weightings. The case of other weightings will be studied in a subsequent paper. Making an ansatz for undetermined coefficients and using a computer package for solving bilinear algebraic systems, we give the complete lists of $2^{\mbox{\scriptsize nd }}$order systems with a $3^{\mbox{\scriptsize rd }}$order or a $4^{\mbox{\scriptsize th }}$order symmetry and $3^{\mbox{\scriptsize rd }}$order systems with a $5^{\mbox{\scriptsize th }}$order symmetry. For all but a few systems in the lists, we show that the system (or, at least a subsystem of it) admits either a Lax representation or a linearizing transformation. A thorough comparison with recent work of Foursov and Olver is made.
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  • 114
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The result after $N$ steps of an implicit Runge-Kutta time discretization of an inhomogeneous linear parabolic differential equation is computed, up to accuracy $\varepsilon$, by solving only $$O\Big(\log N\, \log \frac1\varepsilon \Big) $$ linear systems of equations. We derive, analyse, and numerically illustrate this fast algorithm.
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  • 115
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: In this paper, we study wavelength assignment problems in multi-fiber WDM networks. We focus on the special case that all lightpaths have at most two links. This in particular holds in case the network topology is a star. As the links incident to a specific node in a meshed topology form a star subnetwork, results for stars are also of interest for general meshed topologies. We show that wavelength assignment with at most two links per lightpath can be modeled as a generalized edge coloring problem. By this relation, we show that for a network with an even number of fibers at all links and at most two links per lightpath, all lightpaths can be assigned a wavelength without conversion. Moreover, we derive a lower bound on the number of lightpaths to be converted for networks with arbitrary numbers of fibers at the links. A comparison with linear programming lower bounds reveals that the bounds coincide for problems with at most two links per lightpath. For meshed topologies, the cumulative lower bound over all star subnetworks equals the best known solution value for all realistic wavelength assignment instances available, by this proving optimality.
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 2014-11-21
    Description: We prove that the Random-Edge simplex algorithm requires an expected number of at most $13n/sqrt(d)$ pivot steps on any simple d-polytope with n vertices. This is the first nontrivial upper bound for general polytopes. We also describe a refined analysis that potentially yields much better bounds for specific classes of polytopes. As one application, we show that for combinatorial d-cubes, the trivial upper bound of $2^d$ on the performance of Random-Edge can asymptotically be improved by any desired polynomial factor in d.
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  • 117
    Publication Date: 2014-11-10
    Description: In diesem Artikel werden die Optimierungsmodelle und -verfahren beschrieben, die bei der Planung des Kernnetzes und der Zugangsinfrastruktur des X-WiN verwendet wurden.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 118
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Die Anwendung mathematischer Methoden und Verfahren wird immer mehr zur Voraussetzung innovativer Produkte und Dienstleistungen. Um neue Produkte und Dienstleistungen zu entwickeln, müssen die Produktions- und technologischen Prozesse mathematisch modelliert, beschrieben und optimiert werden. Diesen Umstand Rechnung tragend, hat das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) 1993 begonnen, den Einsatz mathematischer Verfahren und Methoden in der Mathematik über ein spezielles Mathematikprogramm zu fördern. Inzwischen hat die vierte Förderperiode des Mathematikprogramms begonnen. \par Das Medium Internet und insbesondere das WWW sind für die Sichtbarkeit und Transparenz wissenschaftlicher Resultate in den letzten zehn Jahren immer wichtiger geworden. Wer nicht im Web "'sichtbar"' ist, läuft Gefahr, nicht wahrgenommen zu werden. Intention und Ziel des durchgeführten Projekts war es, ein Konzept für eine qualitativ hochwertige und umfassende Darstellung des BMBF Mathematikprogramms, insbesondere der in den Projekten erzielten Ergebnisse, zu entwickeln und zu realisieren und damit den Stellenwert und die Akzeptanz mathematischer Forschung in der Gesellschaft zu festigen und den Wissenstransfer zwischen mathematischer Forschung sowie Forschung und Entwicklung in der Wirtschaft und dem Dienstleistungsbereich zu fördern.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 119
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: Die KOBV-Zentrale betreibt mit dem KOBV-Portal neben der Metasuche in freien Online-Katalogen und Datenbanken ein Nachweisinstrument für elektronische Ressourcen, die von den Bibliotheken Berlin-Brandenburgs lizenziert sind und darüber hinaus diejenigen, die frei zugänglich sowie wissenschaftlich relevant sind. Die Erschließung der freien Ressourcen übernimmt eine kooperative Fachredaktion, die sich aus FachreferentInnen und -lektorInnen aus der Region rekrutiert. Dabei übernimmt jede beteiligte Person die Betreuung einer oder mehrerer Fachgruppen der Dewey Decimal-Classification (DDC) eigenverantwortlich. Die Aufgabe aller FachredakteurInnen besteht in der inhaltlichen Beschreibung, der Klassifizierung, der Vergabe von Schlagworten und der regelmäßigen Reevaluation der einzelnen Ressourcen. Die KOBV-Zentrale hat hierfür einen Kriterienkatalog entwickelt, der als Grundlage für die Beurteilung von elektronischen Ressourcen dient. Erschlossen werden die Ressourcen schließlich über ein webbasierte Eingabe-Tool, dem Metadata-Tool der KOBV-Zentrale. Über eine Mailingliste wird der Abstimmungsbedarf untereinander gedeckt und Diskussionen geführt, die das Projekt weiterführen sollen. Der Artikel beschreibt das Konzept der kooperativen Fachredaktion für freie Ressourcen, die Vorgänge und die Arbeiten, die für die Initiierung notwendig waren.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
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  • 120
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We present a new algorithm for fairing of space curves with respect spatial constraints based on a vector valued curvature function. Smoothing with the vector valued curvature function is superior to standard Frenet techniques since the individual scalar components can be modeled similar to curvature-based curve smoothing techniques in 2d. This paper describes a curve smoothing flow that satisfies strict spatial constraints and allows simultaneous control of both curvature functions.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 121
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: Scattering problems in integrated optics can be modeled in simple cases by the Helmholtz equation. The computational domain is truncated by a non-reflecting boundary condition. We investigate Schwarz algorithms with a sort of DtN operator, realized by the PML-method, at the interfaces of the sub-domains as an iterative solver.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2019-05-10
    Description: Adaptive numerical methods in space and time are introduced and studied for multiscale cardiac reaction-diffusion models in three dimensions. The evolution of a complete heartbeat, from the excitation to the recovery phase, is simulated with both the anisotropic Bidomain and Monodomain models, coupled with either a variant of the simple FitzHugh-Nagumo model or the more complex phase-I Luo-Rudy ionic model. The simulations are performed with the {\sc kardos} library, that employs adaptive finite elements in space and adaptive linearly implicit methods in time. The numerical results show that this adaptive method successfully solves these complex cardiac reaction-diffusion models on three-dimensional domains of moderate sizes. By automatically adapting the spatial meshes and time steps to the proper scales in each phase of the heartbeat, the method accurately resolves the evolution of the intra- and extra-cellular potentials, gating variables and ion concentrations during the excitation, plateau and recovery phases.
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  • 123
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: Mathematical decision support for operative planning in water supply systems is highly desirable but leads to very difficult optimization problems. We propose a nonlinear programming approach that yields practically satisfactory operating schedules in acceptable computing time even for large networks. Based on a carefully designed model supporting gradient-based optimization algorithms, this approach employs a special initialization strategy for convergence acceleration, special minimum up and down time constraints together with pump aggregation to handle switching decisions, and several network reduction techniques for further speed-up. Results for selected application scenarios at Berliner Wasserbetriebe demonstrate the success of the approach.
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  • 124
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: The theory of hierarchical Boolean satisfiability (SAT) solving proposed in this paper is based on a strict axiomatic system and introduces a new important notion of implicativity. The theory makes evident that increasing implicativity is the core of SAT-solving. We provide a theoretical basis for increasing the implicativity of a given SAT instance and for organizing SAT-solving in a hierarchical way. The theory opens a new domain of research: SAT-model construction. Now quite different mathematical models can be used within practical SAT-solvers. The theory covers many advanced techniques such as circuit-oriented SAT-solving, mixed BDD/CNF SAT-solving, merging gates, using pseudo-Boolean constraints, using state machines for representation of Boolean functions, arithmetic reasoning, and managing don t cares. We believe that hierarchical SAT-solving is a cardinal direction of research in practical SAT-solving.
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  • 125
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: The \emph{fare planning problem} for public transport is to design a system of fares that maximize the revenue. We introduce a nonlinear optimization model to approach this problem. It is based on a d iscrete choice logit model that expresses demand as a function of the fares. We illustrate our approach by computing and comparing two different fare systems for the intercity network of the Netherlands.
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  • 126
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: The line planning problem is one of the fundamental problems in strategic planning of public and rail transport. It consists in finding lines and corresponding frequencies in a network such that a giv en demand can be satisfied. There are two objectives. Passengers want to minimize travel times, the transport company wishes to minimize operating costs. We investigate three variants of a multi-commo dity flow model for line planning that differ with respect to passenger routings. The first model allows arbitrary routings, the second only unsplittable routings, and the third only shortest path rou tings with respect to the network. We compare these models theoretically and computationally on data for the city of Potsdam.
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  • 127
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{german} \parindent=0pt \begin{document} Im KOBV wird für die Online-Fernleihe der Zentrale-Fernleihserver (ZFL-Server) der Firma Sisis eingesetzt. Die Software ist in der KOBV-Zentrale installiert. Der ZFL-Server dient im KOBV sowohl für die Bestellung von Monographien als auch für die Bestellung von Aufsatzkopien aus Zeitschriften. Prinzipiell gibt es zwei Verfahren, mit denen sich Bibliotheken an der Online-Fernleihe beteiligen können: das E-Mail-Verfahren und das SLNP-Verfahren. Auf beide wird im Handbuch eingegangen. Die Online-Fernleihe wurde im KOBV eingeführt, um die Fernleihe für die Benutzer zu beschleunigen, das Verfahren für die Bibliotheksmitarbeiter zu vereinfachen und den Arbeitsaufwand zu reduzieren. Sie basiert darauf, dass eine Bestellung anhand eines gefundenen Treffers ausgelöst wird - d.h. die bibliographischen Daten sind bereits verifiziert und in einem Katalog nachgewiesen. Anschlie\"send werden die Fernleihbestellungen über den ZFL-Server automatisch ausgeführt und verwaltet - sowohl in der regionalen KOBV-Fernleihe als auch in der verbundübergreifenden Fernleihe mit den deutschen Bibliotheksverbünden. Der ZFL-Server besteht aus verschiedenen technischen Komponenten. Eine dieser Komponenten ist das Bibliothekskonto, eine Internetanwendung, in der die Bestellverwaltung des ZFL-Servers im Internet für die Bibliotheksbediensteten transparent gemacht wird. Sowohl für die aktive als auch für die passive Fernleihe ist im Bibliothekskonto der Status der Bearbeitung zu jedem Zeitpunkt ersichtlich, z.B. in welcher Bibliothek sich die Bestellung gerade befindet, wann sie dort eingegangen ist und wann sie weggeschickt wurde, ob mit positivem oder negativem Ergebnis. Das Bibliothekskonto ist damit für die Bibliothek ein komfortables Instrument zum Überwachen der Fernleihbestellungen, in dem sie zudem - falls notwendig - in den Bestellvorgang eingreifen kann. Dazu hat jede Bibliothek im Bibliothekskonto eine eigene, Passwort-geschützte Dienstoberfläche. Das vorliegende Handbuch beschreibt die Vorgänge der Bestellverwaltung im Bibliothekskonto. Es richtet sich an Bibliotheksmitarbeiter, die sich mit den einzelnen Arbeitsschritten der Online-Fernleihe vertraut machen wollen. Darüber hinaus ist es zum Nachschlagen gedacht, wenn sich in der täglichen Arbeit Unklarheiten ergeben. \end{document}
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    Language: German
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  • 128
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: The Feasibility Pump of Fischetti, Glover, Lodi, and Bertacco has proved to be a very successful heuristic for finding feasible solutions of mixed integer programs. The quality of the solutions in terms of the objective value, however, tends to be poor. This paper proposes a slight modification of the algorithm in order to find better solutions. Extensive computational results show the success of this variant: in 89 out of 121 MIP instances the modified version produces improved solutions in comparison to the original Feasibility Pump.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 129
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this letter we report on a numerical investigation of the Aoki phase in the case of finite temperature which continues our former study at zero temperature. We have performed simulations with Wilson fermions at $\beta=4.6$ using lattices with temporal extension $N_{\tau}=4$. In contrast to the zero temperature case, the existence of an Aoki phase can be confirmed for a small range in $\kappa$ at $\beta=4.6$, however, shifted slightly to lower $\kappa$. Despite fine-tuning $\kappa$ we could not separate the thermal transition line from the Aoki phase.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: The dynamics of pressurized water distribution networks are naturally modeled by differential algebraic equations (DAE). This paper investigates fundamental structural properties of such a DAE model under weak regularity assumptions. The usual partial derivative-based index-1 condition is shown to be necessary and sufficient for several index concepts, as well as sufficient for solvability in a strong sense. Using the physical properties of nonlinear network elements and the inherent saddle point structure of network hydraulics, we then derive purely topological index criteria based on the network graph and the choice of control variables. Several examples illustrate the theoretical results and explore different non-index-1 situations. A brief discussion of the implications for operative planning by discrete time DAE boundary value problems concludes the paper.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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  • 131
    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: Using the popular puzzle game of Sudoku, this article highlights some of the ideas and topics covered in ZR-04-58.
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-16
    Description: Perfect graphs constitute a well-studied graph class with a rich structure, reflected by many characterizations with respect to different concepts. Perfect graphs are, for instance, precisely those graphs $G$ where the stable set polytope $STAB(G)$ coincides with the fractional stable set polytope $QSTAB(G)$. For all imperfect graphs $G$ it holds that $STAB(G) \subset QSTAB(G)$. It is, therefore, natural to use the difference between the two polytopes in order to decide how far an imperfect graph is away from being perfect; we discuss three different concepts, involving the facet set of $STAB( G)$, the disjunctive index of $QSTAB(G)$, and the dilation ratio of the two polytopes. Including only certain types of facets for $STAB(G)$, we obtain graphs that are in some sense close to perfect graphs, for example minimally immperfect graphs, and certain other classes of so-called rank-perfect graphs. The imperfection ratio has been introduced by (Gerke and McDiarmid, 2001) as the dilation ratio of $STAB(G)$ and $QSTAB(G)$, whereas (Aguilera et al., 2003) suggest to take the disjunctive index of $Q STAB(G)$ as the imperfection index of $G$. For both invariants there exist no general upper bounds, but there are bounds known for the imperfection ratio of several graph classes (Coulonges et al. 2005, Gerke and McDiarmid, 2001). Outgoing from a graph-theoretical interpretation of the imperfection index, we conclude that the imperfection index is NP-hard to compute and we prove that there exists no upper bound on the imperfect ion index for those graph classes with a known bounded imperfection ratio. Comparing the two invariants on those classes, it seems that the imperfection index measures imperfection much more roughly than the imperfection ratio; therefoe, discuss possible directions for refinements.
    Keywords: ddc:000
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    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: Many online problems encountered in real-life involve a two-stage decision process: upon arrival of a new request, an irrevocable first-stage decision (the assignment of a specific resource to the request) must be made immediately, while in a second stage process, certain ``subinstances'' (that is, the instances of all requests assigned to a particular resource) can be solved to optimality (offline) later. We introduce the novel concept of an \emph{Online Target Date Assignment Problem} (\textsc{OnlineTDAP}) as a general framework for online problems with this nature. Requests for the \textsc{OnlineTDAP} become known at certain dates. An online algorithm has to assign a target date to each request, specifying on which date the request should be processed (e.\,g., an appointment with a customer for a washing machine repair). The cost at a target date is given by the \emph{downstream cost}, the optimal cost of processing all requests at that date w.\,r.\,t.\ some fixed downstream offline optimization problem (e.\,g., the cost of an optimal dispatch for service technicians). We provide general competitive algorithms for the \textsc{OnlineTDAP} independently of the particular downstream problem, when the overall objective is to minimize either the sum or the maximum of all downstream costs. As the first basic examples, we analyze the competitive ratios of our algorithms for the par ticular academic downstream problems of bin-packing, nonpreemptive scheduling on identical parallel machines, and routing a traveling salesman.
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-07
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-07
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-07
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-07
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  • 142
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: Inhalt dieser Diplomarbeit ist ein Beleuchtungs- und Visualisierungsmodell für Pflanzen im interaktiven Landschaftsrendering. Ziel ist die qualitativ hochwertige Darstellung von einzelnen Individuen nahe des Betrachters, der seine Position in einer ansonsten statischen Szene frei wählen kann. Um dies zu erreichen wird zunächst vorgestellt, wie ausgehend von einfachen 3D-Modellen und Materialien ein physikalisch basiertes Reflexionsmodell parametrisiert werden kann. Grund hierfür ist der oftmals vorhandene umfangreiche Datenbestand, der auf die OpenGL-Materialien oder ähnliche Shader optimiert ist. Anschließend wird gezeigt, wie die Echtzeit-Renderingtechniken Shadow Mapping und Precomputed Radiance Transfer kombiniert werden können, um sowohl exakte hochfrequente direkte Beleuchtung als auch niederfrequentes indirektes Streulicht zu berücksichtigen. Diese Kombination wird an Hand der Pfad-Notation des Monte-Carlo-Path-Tracing eingeführt und begründet.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 173
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: In der Arbeit wird die computergestützte Planung von chirurgisch gesetzten Knochenfrakturen bzw. Knochenschnitten (sogenannten Osteotomien) an dreidimensionalen, computergrafischen Schädelmodellen, sowie die Umpositionierung separierter knöcherner Segmente im Kontext der rekonstruktiven MKG-Chirurgie behandelt. Durch die 3D Modellierung und Visualisierung anatomischer Strukturen, sowie der 3D Osteotomie- und Umstellungsplanung unter Einbeziehung der resultierenden Weichgewebedeformation wird den Chirurgen ein Werkzeug an die Hand gegeben, mit dem eine Therapieplanung am Computer durchgeführt und diese in Hinblick auf Funktion und Ästhetik bewertet werden kann. Unterschiedliche Strategien können dabei erprobt und in ihrer Auswirkung erfasst werden. Dazu wird ein methodischer Ansatz vorgestellt, der zum einen die chirurgische Planung im Vergleich zu existierenden Ansätzen deutlich verbessert und zum anderen eine robuste Weichgewebeprognose, durch den Einsatz geeigneter Planungsmodelle und eines physikalisch basierten Weichgewebemodells unter Nutzung numerischer Lösungsverfahren in die Planung integriert. Die Visualisierung der Planungsergebnisse erlaubt sowohl eine anschauliche und überzeugende, präoperative Patientenaufklärung, als auch die Demonstration möglicher Vorgehensweisen und deren Auswirkungen für die chirurgische Ausbildung. Ferner ergänzen die Planungsdaten die Falldokumentation und liefern einen Beitrag zur Qualitätssicherung. Die Arbeit ist in sieben Kapitel gegliedert und wie folgt strukturiert: Zuerst wird die medizinische Aufgabenstellung bei der chirurgischen Rekonstruktion von Knochenfehlbildungen und -fehlstellungen in der kraniofazialen Chirurgie sowie die daraus resultierenden Anforderungen an die Therapieplanung beschrieben. Anschließend folgt ein umfassender Überblick über entsprechende Vorarbeiten zur computergestützten Planung knochenverlagernder Operationen und eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme der noch vorhandenen Defizite. Nach der Vorstellung des eigenen Planungsansatzes wird die Generierung individueller, qualitativ hochwertiger 3D Planungsmodelle aus tomografischen Bilddaten beschrieben, die den Anforderungen an eine intuitive, 3D Planung von Umstellungsosteotomien entsprechen und eine Simulation der daraus resultierenden Weichgewebedeformation mittels der Finite-Elemente Methode (FEM) ermöglichen. Die Methoden der 3D Schnittplanung an computergrafischen Modellen werden analysiert und eine 3D Osteotomieplanung an polygonalen Schädelmodellen entwickelt, die es ermöglicht, intuitiv durch Definition von Schnittlinien am 3D Knochenmodell, eine den chirurgischen Anforderungen entsprechende Schnittplanung unter Berücksichtigung von Risikostrukturen durchzuführen. Separierte Knochensegmente lassen sich im Anschluss interaktiv umpositionieren und die resultierende Gesamtanordnung hinsichtlich einer funktionellen Rehabilitation bewerten. Aufgrund des in dieser Arbeit gewählten, physikalisch basierten Modellierungsansatzes kann unter Berücksichtigung des gesamten Weichgewebevolumens aus der Knochenverlagerung direkt die resultierende Gesichtsform berechnet werden. Dies wird anhand von 13 exemplarischen Fallstudien anschaulich demonstriert, wobei die Prognosequalität mittels postoperativer Fotografien und postoperativer CT-Daten überprüft und belegt wird. Die Arbeit wird mit einem Ausblick auf erweiterte Modellierungsansätze und einem Konzept für eine integrierte, klinisch einsetzbare Planungsumgebung abgeschlossen.
    Description: In cranio-maxillofacial surgery, physicians are often faced with skeletal malformations that require complex bone relocations. Especially in severe cases of congenital dysgnathia (misalignment of upper and lower jaw) or hemifacial microsomia (asymmetric bone and tissue development), where multiple bone segments are to be mobilized and relocated simultaneously and in relation to each other, careful preoperative planning is mandatory. At present in clinical routine not all possible strategies can be planned and assessed with regard to functional rehabilitation. Moreover, the aesthetic outcome, i.e. the postoperative facial appearance, can only be estimated by a surgeon's experience and hardly communicated to the patient. On this account, a preoperative planning of complex osteotomies with bone relocations on a computerized model of a patient's head, including a reliable three-dimensional prediction and visualization of the post-surgical facial appearance is a highly appreciated possibility cranio-maxillofacial surgeons are longing for. This work, being performed at Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB), addresses such a computer based 3D~surgery planning. A processing pipeline has been established and a simulation environment has been developed on basis of the software Amira, enabling a surgeon to perform bone cuts and bone rearrangements in an intuitive manner on virtual patient models. In addition, a prediction of the patients' postoperative appearance according to the relocated bone can be simulated and visualized realistically. For a meaningful planning of surgical procedures, anatomically correct patient models providing all relevant details are reconstructed from tomographic data with high fidelity. These patient models reliably represent bony structures as well as the facial soft tissue. Unstructured volumetric grids of the soft tissue are generated for a fast and efficient numerical solution of partial differential equations, describing tissue deformation on the foundation of 3D elastomechanics. The planning of osteotomies (bone cuts) for the mobilization and relocation of bone segments is performed in accordance to the planning on basis of life size replicas of a patient's skull, i.e. stereolitographic models. Osteotomy lines can be drawn on top of the polygonal planning models using suitable input devices. After evaluation of the consequence of a planned cut with regard to vulnerable inner structures (nerves, teeth etc.) the model is separated accordingly. A relocation of bone segments can be performed unrestrictedly in 3D or restricted to a translation or rotation within arbitrarily chosen planes under consideration of cephalometric guidelines. Bone and tooth collisions can be evaluated for functional analysis or orthodontic treatment planning with possible integration of digitized dental plaster casts. As a result of the preoperative planning, a single transformation matrix, encoding translation and rotation, or a sequence of such matrices are provided for each bone segment. Both the osteotomy paths and the transformation parameters can finally be used for intra-operative navigation. In the course of the planning, the relocated positions of bone segments serve as an input for the simulation of the resulting soft tissue deformation. Since bone and surrounding soft tissue share common boundaries that are either fixed or translocated, the resulting configuration of the entire tissue volume can be computed from the given boundary displacements by numerical minimization of the internal strain energy on basis of a biomechanical model, using a finite-element approach. In collaboration with different surgeons and hospitals more than 25 treatments have been accompanied by preoperative planning so far ranging from mandibular and midfacial hypoplasia to complex hemifacial microsomia. 13 of these cases are presented within this work. Simulation results were validated on the basis of photographs as well as of postoperative CT data, showing a good correlation between simulation and postoperative outcome. Further aspects of improving the modeling approach are discussed. It has been demonstrated that 3D~osteotomy planning on virtual patient models can be performed intuitively, and that 3D~tissue deformation for cranio-maxillofacial osteotomy planning can be predicted numerically without using heuristic ratios. It can be stated that by using 3D~planning software, a surgeon gains a better spatial understanding of complex dysplasia, and the 3D~soft tissue prediction gives an additional criterion for the assessment of the planned strategy. It turned out that, especially in complex cases such as hemifacial microsomia or for decisions bet­ween mono- and bimaxillary advancements, a 3D~planning aid is extremely helpful. The conclusion is, that images and animations created within the planning phase provide a valuable planning criterion for maxillofacial surgeons as well as a demonstrative information for patients and their relatives, thus greatly enhancing patient information, as well as surgical education. All data that result from the planning are also important for documentation and quality assurance. 3D osteotomy planning, including soft tissue prediction, likely will become a new paradigm of plastic and reconstructive surgery planning in the future. An assortment of results can be found under: http://www.zib.de/visual/medical/projects
    Keywords: ddc:620
    Language: German
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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    Description: Multi-scale phenomena are abundant in many application fields. Representing and numerically simulating such processes is a challenging task since quite different scales have to be resolved, which often requires enormous amounts of storage and computational power. An important strategy in this context is adaptivity, i.e. local adjustment of the spatio-temporal resolution to the details to be resolved. A standard representation therefore are hierarchical, locally refined grids. A specific adaptive approach for solving partial differential equations, usually called AMR (Adaptive Mesh Refinement), was introduced in 1984. The basic idea is to combine the simplicity of structured grids and the advantages of local refinement. In this numerical scheme the computations are started on a set of coarse, potentially overlapping structured grids, that cover the computational domain. Local error criteria are applied to detect regions that require higher resolution. These are covered by subgrids with decreasing mesh spacing, which do not replace, but rather overlap the refined regions of the coarser patches. The equations are advanced on the finer subgrids and the refinement procedure recursively continues until all cells fulfill the considered error criteria, giving rise to a hierarchy of nested levels of refinement. In 1989 a variant of this scheme, called Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement (SAMR), which reduces some of the complexity of the original approach, was proposed. While the separate subgrids in the AMR scheme could be rotated against each other, in SAMR they are aligned with the major axes of the coordinate system, which for example simplifies the computation of fluxes of (conserved) quantities through the cell faces. SAMR has become more and more popular in the last decade, and nowadays it is applied in many domains like hydrodynamics, meteorology and in particular in cosmology and relativistic astrophysics. Due to this growing popularity, an increasing number of scientists is in need of appropriate interactive visualization techniques to interpret and analyze AMR simulation data. Tools for both, 2D analysis to quantitatively convey the information within single slices and 3D representations to apprehend the overall structure are required. In this thesis we develop direct and indirect volume visualization algorithms for scalar fields that are defined on structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement (SAMR) grids. In particular algorithms for planar slicing and the display of height fields, C0-continuous isosurface extraction, software-, and hardware-based direct volume rendering and temporal interpolation for cell-, and vertex-centered data on unrestricted SAMR grids are proposed. Additionally we investigate the applicability of SAMR data structures for accelerated software-, and hardware-based volume rendering of large 3D scalar data.
    Keywords: ddc:510
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    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 191
    Publication Date: 2023-08-14
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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    Publication Date: 2023-08-14
    Language: English
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    Publication Date: 2023-08-14
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  • 194
    Publication Date: 2023-11-06
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    Publication Date: 2023-11-06
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  • 196
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Die hierarchische Organisation von Dateien beherrscht Computersysteme seit vielen Jahren und wird sich vermutlich auch in Zukunft weiterhin durchsetzen. Dennoch stößt diese Verwaltungsmethode in einem klassischen hierarchischen Dateisystem bei dem jährlichen rasanten Zuwachs an neuen Daten an ihre Grenzen, auch wenn Nutzer eine ausgefeilte Verzeichnisstruktur mit einer disziplinierten Namensgebung konsequent auf- und ausbauen. Um den Überblick über die Dateien zu behalten, werden in dieser Arbeit neue Verwaltungsmethoden vorgestellt und in die hierarchische Dateisystemsicht eingebettet. Auf der Basis des hierarchischen Dateisystems bietet ein metadatenbasiertes Dateisystem neben dem hierarchischen Zugriff noch einen flexiblen, assoziativen Zugriff auf Dateien über virtuelle Objekte, indem Suchmethoden in Form einer Anfrage auf in einer Datenbank gespeicherte Index- und Metadaten angewendet werden. Das Ergebnis dieser Abfrage wird mit Hilfe von virtuellen Verzeichnissen und virtuellen Dateien in einer übersichtlichen Form dargestellt, so dass eine Nutzung der hierarchischen Sicht weiterhin intuitiv fortgesetzt wird. Das Datenmanagementsystem ZIBDMS, welches einen verteilten Metadatenkatalog und einen Dateireplikationskatalog beinhaltet, ermöglicht es, die oben genannten Verwaltungsmethoden für die NFS-Schnittstelle, CORBA-Middleware und Web Services transparent zu implementieren. Zudem stellt ZIBDMS weitere neue Dateiverwaltungsmethoden zur Verfügung, die sich in die hierarchische Dateisystemsicht integrieren lassen. Metadaten in Form von Attribut-Wert-Paaren lassen sich als virtuelle Datei darstellen und editieren. Eine Collection bietet die Möglichkeit, Dateien in einem logischen virtuellen Ordner zu organisieren. Mit einem Dependency-Graph lassen sich Dateien zueinander in Relation stellen, so dass eine Linkstruktur zwischen Dateien ausgedrückt werden kann. Das Verweiskonzept eines klassischen hierarchischen Dateisystems wird im ZIBDMS um eine neue Verweisart Weak-Link erweitert, um einen aktualisierbaren, konsistenten und zyklenfreien symbolischen Link anzubieten. In einer hierarchischen Sicht lässt sich durch Verweise ein Baum bilden, in dem eine Navigation und Verweisauflistung möglich sind, was außer ZIBDMS noch kein anderes System bietet.
    Description: The hierarchical organization of files has dominated computer systems for many years and this will probably not change in the near future. However, with the rapid annual growth of new data this classical hierarchical file system management method reaches its limitations, even when the user consistently sets up and continually expands an elaborated directory structure with well-disciplined naming. This paper introduces new management methods to maintain an overview of all files which can be embedded in the hierarchical file system. A metadata-based file system, which is based on the hierarchical file system, offers, in addition to hierarchical access, a more flexible and associative access to files via virtual objects by providing query capabilities of index- and metadata which are stored in a database. The query results are presented in a clearly-arranged form of virtual directories and virtual files so that the intuitive hierarchical view continues to be maintained. The data management system ZIBDMS, which contains a distributed metadata catalog and a file replication catalog, permits a transparent implementation of these management methods for the NFS interface, CORBA-middleware or web services. Furthermore, ZIBDMS provides other new file management methods that can be integrated into the hierarchical file system view. Metadata in form of attribute-value-pairs can be presented and edited with a virtual file. A Collection makes it possible to organize files in logical virtual folders. Using a Dependency graph, files can be related to each other and expressed through a link structure between these files. In the ZIBDMS the reference concept of a classical hierarchal file system is extended with a new kind of reference called Weak Link in order to provide up-to-date, consistent and cycle-free symbolic links. With the references a tree can be established in a hierarchical view in which navigation and listing of references are possible; this capability is only possible in the ZIBDMS system.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 197
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Description: Die hierarchische Organisation von Dateien beherrscht Computersysteme seit vielen Jahren und wird sich vermutlich auch in Zukunft weiterhin durchsetzen. Dennoch stößt diese Verwaltungsmethode in einem klassischen hierarchischen Dateisystem bei dem jährlichen rasanten Zuwachs an neuen Daten an ihre Grenzen, auch wenn Nutzer eine ausgefeilte Verzeichnisstruktur mit einer disziplinierten Namensgebung konsequent auf- und ausbauen. Um den Überblick über die Dateien zu behalten, werden in dieser Arbeit neue Verwaltungsmethoden vorgestellt und in die hierarchische Dateisystemsicht eingebettet. Auf der Basis des hierarchischen Dateisystems bietet ein metadatenbasiertes Dateisystem neben dem hierarchischen Zugriff noch einen flexiblen, assoziativen Zugriff auf Dateien über virtuelle Objekte, indem Suchmethoden in Form einer Anfrage auf in einer Datenbank gespeicherte Index- und Metadaten angewendet werden. Das Ergebnis dieser Abfrage wird mit Hilfe von virtuellen Verzeichnissen und virtuellen Dateien in einer übersichtlichen Form dargestellt, so dass eine Nutzung der hierarchischen Sicht weiterhin intuitiv fortgesetzt wird. Das Datenmanagementsystem ZIBDMS, welches einen verteilten Metadatenkatalog und einen Dateireplikationskatalog beinhaltet, ermöglicht es, die oben genannten Verwaltungsmethoden für die NFS-Schnittstelle, CORBA-Middleware und Web Services transparent zu implementieren. Zudem stellt ZIBDMS weitere neue Dateiverwaltungsmethoden zur Verfügung, die sich in die hierarchische Dateisystemsicht integrieren lassen. Metadaten in Form von Attribut-Wert-Paaren lassen sich als virtuelle Datei darstellen und editieren. Eine Collection bietet die Möglichkeit, Dateien in einem logischen virtuellen Ordner zu organisieren. Mit einem Dependency-Graph lassen sich Dateien zueinander in Relation stellen, so dass eine Linkstruktur zwischen Dateien ausgedrückt werden kann. Das Verweiskonzept eines klassischen hierarchischen Dateisystems wird im ZIBDMS um eine neue Verweisart Weak-Link erweitert, um einen aktualisierbaren, konsistenten und zyklenfreien symbolischen Link anzubieten. In einer hierarchischen Sicht lässt sich durch Verweise ein Baum bilden, in dem eine Navigation und Verweisauflistung möglich sind, was außer ZIBDMS noch kein anderes System bietet.
    Description: The hierarchical organization of files has dominated computer systems for many years and this will probably not change in the near future. However, with the rapid annual growth of new data this classical hierarchical file system management method reaches its limitations, even when the user consistently sets up and continually expands an elaborated directory structure with well-disciplined naming. This paper introduces new management methods to maintain an overview of all files which can be embedded in the hierarchical file system. A metadata-based file system, which is based on the hierarchical file system, offers, in addition to hierarchical access, a more flexible and associative access to files via virtual objects by providing query capabilities of index- and metadata which are stored in a database. The query results are presented in a clearly-arranged form of virtual directories and virtual files so that the intuitive hierarchical view continues to be maintained. The data management system ZIBDMS, which contains a distributed metadata catalog and a file replication catalog, permits a transparent implementation of these management methods for the NFS interface, CORBA-middleware or web services. Furthermore, ZIBDMS provides other new file management methods that can be integrated into the hierarchical file system view. Metadata in form of attribute-value-pairs can be presented and edited with a virtual file. A Collection makes it possible to organize files in logical virtual folders. Using a Dependency graph, files can be related to each other and expressed through a link structure between these files. In the ZIBDMS the reference concept of a classical hierarchal file system is extended with a new kind of reference called Weak Link in order to provide up-to-date, consistent and cycle-free symbolic links. With the references a tree can be established in a hierarchical view in which navigation and listing of references are possible; this capability is only possible in the ZIBDMS system.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 198
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    Book
    New York :Cambridge University Press,
    Title: Simulating Hamiltonian dynamics /; 14
    Author: Leimkuhler, Benedict
    Contributer: Reich, Sebastian
    Edition: 1
    Publisher: New York :Cambridge University Press,
    Year of publication: 2005
    Pages: XVI, 379 S.
    Series Statement: Cambridge monographs on applied & computational mathematics 14
    ISBN: 0-521-77290-7
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: English
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  • 199
    Title: Domain decomposition methods : algorithms and theory; 34
    Author: Toselli, Andrea
    Contributer: Widlund, Olof
    Publisher: Berlin [u.a.] :Springer,
    Year of publication: 2005
    Pages: XV, 450 S. : , Ill.
    Series Statement: Springer series in computational mathematics 34
    ISBN: 3-540-20696-5
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: English
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  • 200
    Book
    Book
    New York, NY :Springer,
    Title: Introduction to Assembly language programming /
    Author: Dandamudi, Sivarama P.
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    Publisher: New York, NY :Springer,
    Year of publication: 2005
    Pages: XXIII, 690 S. : , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Texts in computer science
    ISBN: 0-387-20636-1
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: English
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