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  • 1965-1969  (439)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1966  (439)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (439)
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  • 1965-1969  (439)
  • 1920-1924
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relation of age to the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the thymus of fischer ratsSupported by grants HD 00670 and CA 4924, National Institutes of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 635-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A time study of the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the thymus of Fischer rats ranging from 15 days to one year of age has been made. The data obtained from both autoradiographic and histological analyses indicate that the mitotic activity in the thymus of young animals is much higher than in old animals. The medium thymocyte, by virtue of its higher relative proliferative capacity, is responsible for the greater portion of cellular production during the intense pre-pubertal growth phase of the thymus. A decrease in proliferative capacity of medium thymocytes occurs between 60 and 90 days of age, which appears to initiate the onset of age involution of the thymus. The data further indicate that small thymocytes are cells which do not undergo division.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540310
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathological changes in adipose tissue of obese miceThis investigation was supported by Research grants AM 05735 and AM 01952 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, Public Health Service. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 651-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gonadal and perirenal fat pads from markedly obese mice show pathological changes associated with the appearance of many large macrophages, small mononuclear cells resembling lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells. The first recognizable changes are always associated with necrosis of the fat cell membrane. Advanced stages also show reduction of the number of fat cells, formation of large fat vacuoles and cysts, and predominance of innumerable pathological cells. The extent of tissue changes varies considerably even within one fat pad but is dependent on the degree and duration of obesity. Animals weighing less than 45 gm are only occasionally, heavier mice almost regularly, affected. The nitrogen content of normally healthy adipose tissue decreases as the animals grow older and fatter, while fat pads exhibiting tissue pathology show the expected increase in the protein and water content, and a reduction of the lipid content. The pathological changes were observed in obese-hyperglycemic mice, in several strains of mice made obese by the administration of goldthioglucose, and in four old and very fat controls. These four controls were the only ones in several hundred normal mice examined which showed changes. Few and only minor pathological changes were noted in subcutaneous fatty tissue of mice which showed marked pathology of the abdominal fat pads.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540311
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540401
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of vitamin C in the human fetus. Histochemical observations (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 831-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of ascorbic acid in 17 tissues and organs of 20 human fetuses (10-23 weeks of age), was studied histochemically by means of the silver nitrate technic. The metallic silver precipitates which were formed by silver nitrate reduction by ascorbic acid could only be uniformly seen in tissues where quantitative biochemical studies indicated the concentration to be greater than 10 mg/100 gm of tissue. The human fetus derives its supply of ascorbic acid from maternal sources and there were no significant differences between the youngest (10 weeks) and oldest fetuses (23 weeks) studied. The concentration and uniformity of distribution of ascorbic acid throughout the organ was most conspicuous in the adrenal and thyroid gland, liver and the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. In the pancreas no ascorbic acid was found in Islet cells but occasional alveolar cells were filled with precipitates. Fine granulation was observed in germ cells of the gonads and heavier accumulation in the follicular supporting cells and interstitial cells of Leydig. Muscle fibers did not reveal granulation but perivascular connective tissue cells in muscle and glands were occasionally heavily granulated.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540411
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of cholinesterase within the sinus node and AV node of the human heartThis work was supported in part by grants from the Michigan Heart Association and the U. S. Public Health Service. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 151-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Distribution of cholinesterase within the sinus node, AV node and His bundle of the human heart was studied utilizing acetylthiocholine as the substrate. Cholinesterase is present in large amounts in the conduction system tissue, much smaller amounts in right atrial myocardium and was not observed in ventricular myocardium. The sinus node artery was devoid of cholinesterase, as was the sarcolemma and nucleus of cells in the conduction system. Cholinergic nerve endings stained the most heavily of all tissue studied and were more numerous in the sinus node than the AV node. Stellate-shaped cells previously suggested to be the pace-making site in the sinus node were found to contain abundant cholinesterase. Fibers in the AV nodal bypass tract, which lies between the AV node and right atrial endocardium, also contain cholinesterase. Within individual cells of the sinus node cholinesterase could be identified within myofibrils, with periodic absence in the linear staining most likely corresponding to the Z bands. Other organelles within the cells also contained cholinesterase, but their precise definition was impossible with the present technics. Possible functional significance of these histochemical observations were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initiation of vagal control of heart rate in the embryonic chickWork made possible by N.I.H. grant HW03565-08. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective was to determine on what day of development the vagal complex i.e., dorsal motor nucleus in the floor of the fourth ventricle, vagus nerve and post synaptic neuron assumes functional control of the heart rate in the chick embryo. Adapting a technique used by Armstrong ('35) for the Fundulus embryo, 0.003 ml of Tyrode solution containing 0.03 μg of acetylcholine was injected into the fourth ventricles of 16 chick embryos at four days of age, 25 at five and 15 at six days of age. Heart rates were taken before and after injection.Analyzed statistically no significant changes in heart rate occurred following injection of acetylcholine into four day embryos but at five days a significant average drop from 106 to 95 beats per minute occurred. The same was true in six-day-old embryos where the average drop in rate was from 108 before to 84 after injection. As proof that the acetylcholine injected into the brain ventricle acted by stimulating the vagal mechanism and not by diffusing into cerebral blood vessels and being carried to the heart we found that corresponding amounts of acetylcholine injected into omphalomesenteric veins had no significant effect on heart rate. Also 0.003 ml of plain Tyrode solution injected into the fourth ventricle elicited no significant response. These observations justify the conclusion that the vagal pathway to the heart becomes functional between five and six days of development in the chick embryo.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic studies of pigment in human and rhesus monkey substantia nigra and locus coeruleusPresented in part at the General Session of the 78th annual meeting of the American Association of Anatomists, Miami Beach, Florida, April 20, 1965.Supported by United States Public Health Service grants 5-T1-GM-290-03, 5-K3-GM-15,448-05, AI-04039-05. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 167-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuromelanin pigment of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus from nine human autopsy cases and from four rhesus monkeys was studied. Melanin and lipofuscin pigments from other anatomical sites were also observed for the purpose of comparison with the substantia nigra-locus coeruleus pigment. Ultrastructurally, the neuromelanin pigment granule was composed of three distinct components. The first was a finely granular, medium dense matrix which occasionally had linear configurations very similar to those of neuronal lipofuscin granules from human cerebral cortex. The second component was a very dense, coarsely granular material which appeared to to be deposited on the finely granular matrix. This very dense component was apparently the reducing part of the neuromelanin granule, as it was the site of localization of silver deposits in formalin-fixed tissue which had been stained with diamine silver prior to post-osmication and examination in the electron microscope. No evidence of silver reduction was noted in lipofuscin pigment. The third component of the neuromelanin granule was a lipid globule which was not preserved in glutaraldehyde or formol-permanganate fixed tissue. A lipid globule was not observed in melanin granules from the skin, eye, or pia mater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development and structure of the choledocho-duodenal junction in Balaenopteran whalesSupported by Research grant HD-00656 from the Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 185-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three specimens from Balaenopteran whales have been available for study: a 20 mm embryo, a fetus 57 inches long and the ampulla duodeni of a 47-foot adult. By reconstruction, dissections and histological preparations, it has been possible to show that the extrahepatic portion of the bile duct is really an elongated hepato-pancreatic duct receiving ductules draining both rostral and caudal pancreatic lobes. After coursing through the pancreas, this duct pierces the intestinal muscle at the beginning of the pars descendens duodeni, then runs through the whole length of the longitudinal fold before emptying at the bottom of the pars descendens. In the adult, maceration methods have demonstrated that there is no vestige at all of a sphincter of Oddi. Presumably, this is a consequence of the absence of the gall bladder. Contrary to statements in the literature, a complete foramen epiploicum, vestibule and lesser peritoneal sac could be demonstrated as well as a long infracardiac bursa. Most interesting is the presence of a sizable valve in the portal vein at the point where it enters the liver.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550206
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pregnancy on the submandibular glands of miceThis study was supported in part by a grant from the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Structural changes occurring in the submandibular glands of mice during pregnancy were studied. The submandibular glands of 12 mice were examined immediately post-partum, and those of a further 12 six weeks post-partum. They were compared with glands of virgin female and young adult male mice. The mean weight of the glands immediately after pregnancy was 75% greater than that of the glands of virgin female mice of the same age.In both hematoxylin and eosin, and Mallory-Heidenhain stained sections there was evidence of masculinization of the submandibular glands during pregnancy. The percentage of convoluted granular tubules in the glands increased; as did also the diameter of the tubules. The characteristic appearance of the constituent cells of the tubules in the gland of the virgin female, with basal striations and centrally located nuclei was converted to that seen typically in the young adult male, where the cells have basally located nuclei, and an abundance of apical granules but no basal striations.Regression in both the weight and microscopical appearance of the glands to the non-pregnant condition occurred within the six weeks following pregnancy.The apparent masculinization of the submandibular glands during pregnancy is thought to be an expression of the complementary endocrine factors acting at that time.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550208
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of iridial constrictor pupillae muscle of Alligator mississippiensisSupported by U.S.P.H.S. grant NB-01528 and Research Career Development Award 9-K3-NB-15,255.The author wishes to express his grateful appreciation for the technical assistance given by Miss Gabrielle Rouiller and Miss Ann Barnett during the course of this investigation. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 197-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The iridial constrictor pupillae muscle of Alligator mississippiensis is found to consist of admixed smooth, myoblast-like, and striated muscle cells. Melanophores, bundles of collagen fibrils, nerve cell processes, and smooth muscle cells, which contain melanin granules, are found scattered in the constrictor pupillae muscle. Protoplasmic bridges are present between myoblast-like cells and between myoblast-like and striated muscle cells. Myoblast-like cells contain agranular reticulum, free ribosomes and randomly scattered, or longitudinally oriented filaments of two sizes (50-100 A and 200-250 A). Free ribosomes are found individually and in clusters of 5 to 10. The agranular reticulum is found as anastomosing tubule-shaped and cisternal elements. The striated muscle fibers consist of myofibrillae and a poorly organized sarcoplasmic reticulum and T system, such that triads and diads are not precisely ordered, but randomly scattered throughout the muscle fiber.This data is discussed in terms of the differentiation and function of striated muscle. On the basis of the disposition of triads and dyads it is concluded that the striated muscle of the constrictor pupillae muscle of Alligator mississippiensis is a slow-acting rather than fast-acting muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550207
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electromyographic analysis of certain movements and exercises. I. some deep muscles of the backA film presentation of this material was made at the 78th Annual Session of the American Association of Anatomists in Miami, Florida, March, 1965 and at the 8th International Congress of Anatomists in Wiesbaden, Germany, August, 1965.Supported by Public Health Service grant AM 08310-02, from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pairs of fine wire electrodes were inserted by means of hypodermic needles 1 cm apart into the semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis lumborum, main mass of the erector spinae between the ilium and the twelfth rib, the multifidus and glutenus maximus of 20 young men and women.Each pair of electrodes was connected to an EMG integrator coupler in an 8-channel recorder. Because the integrated electromyogram is displayed as a deviation from the baseline proportional to the strength of the muscle contraction, it was possible to appraise the relative contributions made by different muscles to any given movement or exercise. By this method simultaneous recordings were made from the muscles while the subjects flexed, extended, hyperextended, abducted and adducted the trunk from the orthograde position; walked on a treadmill, lifted weights; and performed certain exercises recommended by the President's Council on Adult Physical Fitness. Many exercises were compared, and the best ones were selected on the basis of the strength of the contractions they produced. The best exercises for strengthening the deep muscles of the back were those that involved hyperextension of the back from the prone position.Contrary to current opinion, the erector spinae is not active during abduction or adduction of the trunk from the orthograde position if the body is maintained in the frontal plane.The integrated electromyogram is an excellent tool for the evaluation of exercises.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550209
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic changes in the squamo-columnar junction of the mouse cervix uteri (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The histological structure of the squamo-columnar junction of the cervix uteri of mice was studied during the estrous cycle, pregnancy, lactation, and in ovariectomized and estrogen-stimulated animals. In the absence of endogenous or exogenous estrogen, there was no clear demarcation between the squamous and the columnar epithelium; the epithelium in the zone of transition resembled types previously described in the human cervix that have been regarded as evidence of a metaplasia of columnar to stratified epithelium. However, in the mouse, estrogen stimulation caused the disappearance of the transitional zone so that an abrupt junction resulted. It was concluded that the type of junction is controlled by estrogen, and that the stratified epithelium of the transitional zone may differentiate to produce either keratinized cells or cells of uterine type at its surface.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550211
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  • 13
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    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the seminiferous tubule of the swiss mouse. The spermatidPreliminary results of this investigation were presented at the seventy-seventh annual session of the American Association of Anatomists in April, 1964, at Denver, Colorado. (Gardner and Holyoke, '64a.) (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 235-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron micrographs from this study demonstrate several stages in the formation of the nuclear cap and acrosome by the Golgi system. Formation of small vesicles from Golgi membranes, coalescence of these vesicles into the nuclear cap with concomitant fusion of contained granules to form the acrosome, is confirmed. Mitchondria, which at low magnifications appear to be “empty,” are shown by high magnification to contain dilated intracristal spaces. In many cases cristae are arranged parallel to the mitochondrial surface.In later spermiogenesis, appearance of the caudal sheath or manchette, proximal centriole, and terminal annulus (“ring centriole”) precede formation of the middlepiece and flagellum. The presence of a series of parallel “annulated” membranes has been described. The exact nature of these membranes, which appear to connect with the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, remains to be investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550210
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  • 14
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    Electronic Resource
    An engineering analysis of myocardial fiber orientation in pig's left ventricle in systoleThis study was supported in part by the Cardiovascular Training Program U.S.P.H.S. grant HTS-5147, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 503-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The concept of discrete layers and bundles of muscle as a basic structural arrangement in left ventricular myocardium was tested by measuring the helix angles at 1 mm intervals from endocardium to epicardium, using pig's heart in the contracted state. A fixed coordinate system was established which permitted measurement of corresponding sites in hearts of different dimensions.The helix angle was found to change from somewhat less than 90° endocardially to about -90° epicardially in an almost linear clockwise sequence, like a Japanese fan opened up. Approximately the same pattern was observed in the interventricular septum and the anterior, left and posterior walls. Generally, there was no abrupt change between the helix angle of papillary fibers and that of adjacent wall myocardium. Where occasionally abrupt changes in fiber orientation were demonstrated, no intervening septum could be discerned. The deviant fibers seemed to co-exist as part of the same gross structure.The concept of a continuum more appropriately describes the basic structure of left ventricular myocardium. Lev and Simkins ('56) and Grant ('65) showed that there was no evidence of identifiable layers as defined by the presence of connective tissue septa. This study shows no evidence of identifiable layers as defined by (1) an abrupt change in fiber direction demarking the boundary of a layer and (2) a parallel fiber direction between such boundaries.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550403
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  • 15
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    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis of pregnancy in the squirrel monkeyThis research was supported by grant HD 00840 from the U.S.P.H.S. to Drs. Leonard A. Rosenblum and I. Charles Kaufman. The authors wish to thank Francis J. Hemrick for his assistance in carrying out this project. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 531-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Diagnostic pregnancy assessments have been carried out in 18 squirrel monkey females using Delfs' method for chorionic gonadotropin bioassay palpatory, x-ray and other auxiliary techniques. Out of the 24 bioassay tests performed, 11 were positive (one of them weakly positive) and 13 negative. These results were confirmed by the other parallel measures, except in two cases of possible false positive reactions. No false negative results were noted. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of the sensitivity and reliability of the bioassay in the early diagnosis of pregnancy in the squirrel monkey.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550405
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  • 16
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    Electronic Resource
    The number of nerve fibers in the limb of the mouse and its relation to regenerative capacitySupported by grants from the American Cancer Society and the National Institutes of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 537-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In regeneration of the salamander limb the nerve must satisfy a quantitative threshold below which regeneration does not occur. The present work explores the reason for the inability of the mammalian limb to regenerate by analyzing the number of nerve fibers available in the wound of the amputated limb. The number expressed per unit area of amputation wound is only 16% of that of the newt, Triturus, a regenerating form. It is known that when the number of fibers in the newt's limb is reduced to about a third or less of the normal number, regrowth does not occur. The results are discussed against the background of published unsuccessful attempts to induce regrowth in the mammal. Finally, the results affirm findings published previously of an evolutionary trend in the vertebrate series of decline in quantity of peripheral innervation which attended elaboration of central nervous mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550406
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of ultracentrifugation on the mammalian erythrocyteThis investigation was supported by research grants GM-5479, GM-4706, GM-09229, HD-00699 from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, and grant G-9879 from the National Science Foundation. Dr. Kessel is the recipient of a Career Development Award GM-11,524, from the National Institute of General Medical Science. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 541-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pieces of rat spleen were subjected in an air turbine ultracentrifuge to a force of approximately 400,000 times gravity for periods varying from one-half to one hour. They were immediately fixed for study with both the light and electron microscopes. Stained preparations show a displacement and stratification of materials within the erythrocytes. The stratified layers are probably components of the stroma which differ in their relative specific gravities and staining reactions. The chemical nature of the different layers has not been determined, but their relative volumes are indicated by the dimensions of the layers.Electron micrographs show some effects of the ultracentrifugation such as stretching and the concentration of more dense material in the centrifugal halves of the cells, but a clear cut demonstration of the three stratified layers observed in Mallory's triple stained preparations is not evident. Except for the plasma membrane and a finely granular interior of the erythrocyte, little other structure is revealed within it, especially concerning the nature and distribution of the stroma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550407
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cortisone acetate upon hydration of embryonic palate in two inbred strains of mice (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An absolute and relative loss of water was recorded in 169 palates derived from the offspring of cortisone treated and control mice. Experimental sample consisted of 38 time-pregnant females of A/Jax and C57BL inbred strains. Animals were killed on thirteen and one-third, fifteen and one-third or eighteen and one-third day of gestation and the fetuses were removed by laparotomy. Palatine shelves were dissected, weighed, desiccated and weighed again, under standardized conditions. The results tend to confirm the hypothesis that cortisone-induced mechanical incompetence of embryonic palate may be associated with disturbed water metabolism and diminished cohesion of the tissues. It has been proposed that the observed differences of response of each strain to teratogenic and palatal edema-inducing action of cortisone may be based upon genetically controlled metabolic polymorphism which determines the pathway of cortisone biotransformation and decay in the tissues.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    The effect of retinol and retinoic acid on the morphology of the rat uterusThe investigation was supported by grants from the American Cancer Society and USPH-HD-01357. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 5-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: At 20 days of age, 72 Holtzman rats were divided into six groups (10-14 rats/group) and were placed on a vitamin A-deficient diet. The animals in groups I and II were kept intact, while the animals in the remaining groups were ovariectomized at 20-22 days of age. The rats in groups I, III and V received a dietary supplement of retinoic acid (50 μg) while the diet of the animals in groups II, IV and VI was supplemented with retinol (25 μg). In addition to the dietary supplements the animals of groups V and VI were treated with estradiol dipropionate (1 μg). The dietary supplements and hormone were given three times per week. The rats were autopsied after 15 weeks on the experiment.In the intact rats of group I metaplastic changes were observed in the luminal and glandular epithelia. With the exception of two uterine sections showing small areas of squamous metaplasia in the glands, morphological alterations of the uterine epithelia were not observed in the rats of group II. Uterine metaplasia was not seen in the rats of groups III and IV. Extensive metaplastic changes were observed in the animals of group V. The endometria of the rats in group VI were lined primarily by high columnar cells, but a few uterine sections contained small foci of stratified squamous metaplasia.The results indicate that retinol is effective in preventing the morphological changes in the rat uterus due to vitamin A deficiency.
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  • 20
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    Blood and lymph vessels in the jejunal villi of the white ratA brief communication based on a part of the material of this paper was presented under the titl: “Vascular pattern in the jejunum of the white rat,” at the 8th International Anatomical Congress, baden Germany 1965. I am glad to acknowledge the help of the west African Council for Medical Research: which made a grant for equipment, and Mr. G. O. Olubi's technical assistance. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The typical jejunal villus is tongue- or chisel-shaped, in which the lacteal is axial, the artery paraxial and the vein lies near one of the lateral borders. The artery forms a T-junction with the specially wide marginal capillary at the tip which distributes blood to the greater part of the subepithelial capillary plexus. This plexus is so dense that no epithelial cell is more than 30 μ away from the blood stream. The higher density of the plexus in the tip reflects the higher functional capacity of the epithelium there and the plexus in the base of the villus is less dense in keeping with the lower functional capacity of the basal epithelium. The veinbegins in a manner which does not suggest the presence of an arterio-venous anastomosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560110
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  • 21
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    Synaptic contacts at nodes of ranvier in central nervous tissueThis work was supported by Research grant Nonr-220 (34) from the Office of Naval Research, and GB-4028 from the National Science Foundation. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Parietal cortex, hippocampus and reticular formation of the medulla of normal rabbits were primarily fixed by glutaraldehyde perfusion followed by phosphate buffered osmium tetroxide. In electron micrographs of this material the central nodes of Ranvier exhibitedmost of the features of peripheral nodes. Branching was observed at central nodes which resembled branching of the myelinated axons at peripheral nodes. Two types of synapses were observed at the node. In the first type the axon formed a process which ended in a bouton, synapsing with a dendritic spine, while in the other type the axon bulged at the node to form the bouton.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560111
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  • 22
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    The morphology of circulus arteriosus cerebri in ratsPresented as a paper from the platformat the Seventy-ninth Session of the American Association of Anatomists, April 5-8, 1966, San Francisco, California. Anat. Rec., 154: 323 (abstract). (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Little has been reported concerning circulus arteriosus cerebri in adult rats. A study of rats' brains perfused with latex and fixed in formalin revealed the general configuration of a circular type pattern of the major cerebral arteries in which all vessels were patent. No major vessel was “string-like” and no circles were incomplete.Certain morphological features not described previously were observed. Included among the more significant of these were: (1) the asymmetrical origin of the posterior cerebral artery found to occur in more than half of the animals; (2) the presence of cleft-like buttonhole formations along the anterior cerebral artery of one or both sides, a feature that was practically species characteristic; (3) the occasional presence of an anterior communicating artery supplemental to the commonly occurring side to side fusion of the two anterior cerebral arteries. Two animals, possessing two anterior communicating arteries connecting otherwise unfused anterior cerebral arteries, were exceptional; (4) an olfactory artery to the nasal cavity branched promineantly from the anterior cerebral artery in all animals.Before exiting from the cranial cavity through the dorsomedial cribriform foramen, the olfactory artery gave origin to a laterally directedramus, the central cribriform artery, that passed through the central cribriform foramen into the nasal cavity.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 23
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    A rare variation of the inferior mesenteric artery in man (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 235-237 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case in which the inferior mesenteric artery arose from the superior mesenteric artery is recorded in the cadaver of a 76-year-old Caucasian male who had died of carcinoma of the lung.A review of the literature since 1736 indicates that this is an extremely rare abnormality.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560211
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  • 24
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    The fine structure of parasympathetic nerve cells in the otic ganglia of the rabbit (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of parasympathetic neurons in the otic ganglia of the rabbit is described with the object of providing a basis for comparisons of parasympathetic with sympathetic nerve cells. The neuronal cytoplasm contains Nissl substance, mitochondria, dense bodies, agranular Golgi membranes, neurofilaments (60 to 100 Å in diameter) and microtubules having diameters about 200 Å and filled with irregularly dense material. Granulated vesicles (about 900 Å in diameter) consisting of a limiting membrane and enclosing a dense spherical droplet of about 500 Å diameter are also present in the cytoplasm and processes of these neurons and in presynaptic terminals, thus disproving the hypothesis put forward by some authors that the presence of granulated vesicles indicates a sympathetic nervous pathway. Long, tubular bodies with a dense central core are described which are possibly peculiar to parasympathetic neurons. The nuclear membrane is double, porous and sometimes exhibits localized, deep invaginations of its surface.Junctional complexes are described between apposing membranes of neurons and satellite cells which are morphologically similar to zonulae adhaerentes.Small gaps exist in the cytoplasmic sheath surrounding the neurons. Over these areas only a basement membrane separates the nerve cell from the connective tissue space and the significance of this finding is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560302
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  • 25
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    The fine structure of Brunner's glands in the rat (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 253-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The appearance of Brunner's glands in the rat, before and after feeding, has been examined with the electron microscope. The glands are arranged in the duodenal submucosa in aggregates of coiled tubules which open into the bases of the crypts of Lieberkühn. Component cells appear to be more mucous than serous. The basal cytoplasm contains some granular endoplasmic reticulum, numerous free ribosomes and mitochondria. Multiple Golgi elements lie in relation to the nucleus and the apical cytoplasm contains varying concentrations of pale secretory droplets which show a tendency to fuse into complexes. Scattered between the large secretory droplets are numerous small vesicles, also considered to contain a secretory product.The cytological features are discussed in relation to previous observations on Brunner's glands in other species. It is apparent that there are considerable species differences. However, in all species it appears likely that the complex secretory materials are elaborated principally by the ergastoplasm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560303
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  • 26
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    Weight changes of the submandibular glands in the rat resulting from denervationSupported by National Institutes of Health grant 5 T1 GM 1084 03. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 325-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the lingual nerve of the rat, the number of myelinated fibers ranged from 3,215 to 3,744, with diameters ranging from 0.7 to 9.7 μ. The nerves were unimodal with a peak at 2-3 or 3-4 μ. In the chorda tympani, the number of myelinated fibers ranged from 444 to 538, with diameters ranging from 1.1 to 8.7 μ. The nerves were unimodal with a peak at 1-3 μ.Sixteen days after section of the lingual, chordalingual (the lingual nerve distal to the union with chorda tympani) and chorda tympani nerves as well as intracranial section of the facial nerve, significant weight losses were recorded for the submandibular and retrolingual glands. The greatest weight losses occurred after intracranial section of the facial nerve or section of the chordalingual nerve (retrolingual glands lost 42 and 39%, submandibular glands lost 20 and 28% respectively). Intracranial section of the facial nerve demonstrates that the degree of weight loss is correlated with the number of myelinated fibers (1-3 μ diameter) which degenerate, and that the weight loss is not the result of operative damage to the vascular supply of the glands.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560307
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  • 27
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    The identification of acidophilic cells in the human Pars distalisResearch supported by grant HD 00557 from National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 347-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sections of human hypophyses were fixed in either formalin or Bouin's fluid and stained by a variety of acid stains. The stains were employed singly, in combination with each other and in conjunction with various mucoid staining procedures. After these procedures the chromophils of the pars distalis were classified as either acidophilic, mucoid, acidophilic-mucoid, modified or degranulated. The remaining cells which lacked specific chromophilic granules were classified as chromophobes.The acidophils after the terminology of Ezrin were designated as cell types I, II and VIII which correspond to the alpha, eta and epsilon cells of Romeis.Numerous, carminophilic type I cells were present in glands of all ages. Although usually pyramidal or oval in shape they also exhibited a variety of morphologic forms. The type I cells were further subdivided into small, light and dark cells on the basis of size and nuclear characteristics. The type II cell although present in all glands was most frequently observed in fetal and post-menopausal pituitaries. It was tinctorially identified by the prominent staining of its cytoplasmic granules with erythrosin.The type VIII cell exhibited staining properties intermediate between cell types I and II. On the basis of tinctorial and morphologic properties it was tentatively identified as a modified type I or type II cell.
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  • 28
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    The formation and mineralization of dentinThis investigation was supported (in part) by grant DE-01825 from the N.I.D.R., U.S.P.H. Service. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 303-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Observations were conducted at the light and electron microscope level of the formation and mineralization of dentin. At the light level it was shown that predentin is made up of the odontoblast process, collagen fibers and a ground substance. As mineralization occurs, the fibers tend to condense and thicken in areas adjacent to the odontoblast process. Fibers continue to invade the developing matrix and, as in early dentinogenesis, they appear at all times to be derived from the pulp.At the E.M. level the significant observations made in reference to dentin formation consist of the identification of granular masses appearing in the interfibrillar spaces initially in the region of the dentino enamel junction. Histochemical tests at the E.M. level demonstrated that the odontoblasts elaborate an acid mucopolysaccharide which concentrates in granules at the base of the odontoblast process. Subsequently these granules are extruded into the matrix where the polysaccharide becomes concentrated in the interfibrillar spaces and to come extent on the collagen fibers. The onset of mineralization occurs in the patches of mucopolysaccharide, later also on the fibers. It appears that the presence of an acid mucopolysaccharide is a prerequisit for mineralization in the dental matrix.
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    Development and distribution of elastic fibers in the mandibular joint of the mouse. A comparison of fetal, suckling, juvenile and adult stagesSupported by grant DE 01578-03 from the National Institute of Dental Research, United States Public Health Service. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 333-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Development and distribution of elastic fibers were studied in mandibular joints of white Swiss mice which ranged from 15 days insemination age to three months postnatal. Paraffin sections were stained with Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin and Verhoeff's elastic tissue stain.Elastogenesis does not begin until the major elements of the mandibular joint are present. The first distinct elastic elements appear as granules at the nineteenth to twentieth day insemination age. Early sites of elastogenesis occur in the peripheral portions of the articular disk, at the transition and continuation of fibrous disk tissue with the periarticular tissues, and with the periosteum around the neck of the mandible.The concentration, length and caliber of fibers is increased markedly during the suckling stage, especially in the walls of the medial and lateral recesses of the synovial cavities, and in the posterior continuation of the disk to form a fibroelastic band of attachment to the squamosal bone. Prominent bands of long elastic fibers appear in the epimysium of the lateral pterygoid and masseter muscles in the young adult.The central portion of the disk and the articular surfaces of the mandibular condyle and fossa contain no elastic fibers, confirming the contention that these surfaces are not particularly stress-bearing. Stretch and shearing stresses are created, however, which require extensive elastic fiber development in other joint tissues.
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    The human aortic ridge and cushionSupported by U. S. Public Health Service grant HE-05480-05. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A ridge of fatty tissue partly encircles the midsection of the human ascending aorta. This structure was constant in occurrence, position, and form in all examined adult and late fetal specimens. The ridge terminates as an expanded cushion that is situated on the right wall of the aortic bulb in apposition to the edge of the right auricle. A fascial cleft beneath the cushion permits a mobility which would enable the structure to relieve pressure and friction caused by the expansion of the auricle against the aorta. A vascular plexus within the cushion is formed by the anastomoses of the coronary and extracardiac branches of the aortic vasa vasorum.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540115
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    Cerebral cell population under hypoxiaSupported by grant NB 04992-4 N.I.H. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 841-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three pregnant albino Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to simulated high altitudes of 18,000 feet (365 mm Hg) in low pressure chambers during their entire pregnancy. The brains of the newborn rats were removed immediately after birth and placed in 10% formalin. The brains were sectioned, stained, and analyzed for changes in the number of cells in the cerebral cortex of the frontal lobes. An equal volume of control material was similarly prepared and analyzed. A volume of tissue of about one-fourth cubic millimeter was used in the control and in the experimental tissue. The results indicated a 19.29% increase in the number of cells in the frontal cortex of newborn rats subjected to simulated high altitude anoxia. This increase is believed to be due to a proliferation of glial elements in the areas of the cortex which were studied. The cell hyperplasia seen here may be a response to physiological stresses placed upon the fetus by maternal anoxia.
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    Observations on the yolk sac and reichert's membrane of ectopic mouse embryosThis work was supported by United States Public Health grants HD-01050 from the Institute of Child Health and Development and 2-T1-GM-240 from the Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 847-859 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Embryos developing from mouse blastocysts transplanted to the kidneys and testes of recipient mice were studied by light and electron microscopy. The yolk sac and Reichert's membrane of ectopic embryos were morphologically normal and had normal staining and histochemical properties. In electron micrographs Reichert's membrane was of low electron density and had a fine fibrillar structure. The cells of the parietal material within their ergastoplasm that closely resembled the membrane both in texture and electron density. The probability that the parietal yolk sac cells are responsible for the elaboration of Reichert's membrane in the mouse is discussed in relation to other work on the subject.The occurrence of discrete eosinophilic bodies in transplants in which the development of the inner cell mass was abortive is reported. The light microscopic appearance and fine structure of these bodies revealed close similarities to the parietal yolk sac and to Reichert's membrane. It is concluded that they represent yolk sac cells embedded in an abnormal Reichert's membrane.
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550101
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    Collection of mouse semen by electroejaculationSupported in part by grant HD-00543 from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. Technical assistance by Robert M. Callahan. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 11-14 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Liquid and coagulated ejaculates were collected separately from mice by electroejaculation. Sperm concentrations in the liquid ejaculates from 51 animals ranged between 25,000 and 2,228,000/mm3 and total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate between 60,000 and 5,464,000. This method is suggested as a practical means of obtaining ejaculated spermatozoa free of coagulum for reproduction research.
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    Connections between the T system and sarcoplasmic reticulumWe thank Mr. C. D. Foreman for technical assistance.This work was aided by NSF grant GB-2009 and NIH grant NB 05444-01. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron micrographs of rat gastrocnemius muscle fibers show membrane-like dense structures traversing the space between the transverse system (T) and the terminal segments of sarcoplasmic reticulum (R). The periodicity of the structures, viewed in longitudinal sections of triads, varies from 150-250 Å. The distance between apposed membranes of T and R is 80-100 Å at the level of the dense structures between T and R. The distance is slightly greater than 100 Å at the level of less dense areas which alternate with the dense structures. The scalloped appearance of the R membrane, associated with differences in distance between T and R when the levels of dense structures and less dense areas are compared, leads to the suggestion that a holding force might be exerted by the dense structures. Such a holding force would support the view that the membrane-like dense structures are indeed connections between T and R. If membrane-like connections between T and R completely surround the less dense areas it is possible that a “physiological tight junction” conductive to electrotonic spread of current might exist between apposed membranes of T and R.
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    Ultrastructural and cytochemical changes in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells of whole-body irradiated miceThis work was done thanks to the contract Euratom/C.E.N., 053-64-3 BIOB and thanks to grants from the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique Fondamentale Collective. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 15-31 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adult male mice of CBA/C57 B1 strain received a whole-body x-irradiation of 400 r. The ultrastructural and cytochemical changes of the spermatogonia and of the Sertoli cells were studied throughout the first 48 hours after this irradiation. Tissues were fixed in osmium tetroxide or glutaraldehyde. The acid phosphatase reaction was carried out using a slightly modified Gomori medium. The first changes observed in spermatogonia were: dilatations of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, moderate enlargement of the mitochondria and swelling of the nuclear membranes. In a later stage, the injured spermatogonia were phagocytized by the adjoining Sertoli cells, where the complete involution took place. The study of the acid phosphatase localization showed that the numerous dense bodies, appearing in the Sertoli cells in the first hours after irradiation, were heavily loaded with reaction product. They seemed to take an important part in the resorption of the phagocytized spermatogonia. These results were compared with findings of other authors.
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    A fluorescence and electron microscopic study on central monoamine nerve cellsThis work has been supported by research grants (12x-715-01 and W 417) from the Swedish Medical Research Council and by a grant from “Stiftelsen G. och T. Svenssons Minne.” (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By combining the histochemical fluorescence method for catecholamines (CA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with electron microscopy it has been possible to study the ultrastructure of the central CA and 5-HT nerve cells of the locus coeruleus and the nuc. raphe dorsalis. The CA and the 5-HT nerve cells have the same ultrastructural characteristics: a well-developed granular reticulum and a peri-nuclearly situated, prominent Golgi apparatus which almost completely surrounds the nucleus. Agranular vesicles (300-500 Å in diameter) are found mainly in a perinuclear area in association with the Golgi apparatus. They are similar to the small agranular vesicles present in large numbers in the presynaptic bags. A few complex vesicles and granular vesicles (600-1200 Å in diameter) are noticed throughout the cytoplasm. No certain changes are observed in the different types of vesicles after treatment with reserpine or MAO inhibitors.It is suggested that the agranular vesicles contain CA, since these vesicles are most numerous in a perinuclear area where the concentration of the amines are highest. In spite of the low number of agranular vesicles present as compared to the high number found in nerve terminals they might store at least a considerable part of the amines, since the amine concentrations are much lower (100-1000 X) in the nerve cells than in the terminals.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Glycogen content of preimplantation mouse embryos (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Preimplantation mouse embryos of various stages of development, from single-cell zygotes to late blastocysts, were fixed on microscope slides and were stained using the periodic acid-Schiff method. Half of the slides were treated with diastase before staining to determine whether the positive material was glycogen.Glycogen was found in all of the stages studied, regardless of whether development had occurred in vivo or in vitro. Single-cell zygotes were not as heavily stained as the two-cell embryos, but this could be due to the decrease in volume which occurs between these two stages. Large amounts of positive material were found in the cleavage stages, from two-cell to morula, but a decrease occurred during the growth of the blastocyst. By the late blastocyst stage, glycogen is no longer found in the trophoblast cells and is present only in small amounts in the inner cell mass.The decrease in PAS-positive diastase-removable material during the blastocyst stages suggests that glycogen may serve as an energy source during the fifth day of development, when the blastocyst is undergoing expansion and hatching. Culture experiments and enzyme analyses have provided evidence that the cleaving embryo undergoes some basic changes in the pattern of energy metabolism, and it is possible that additional changes might occur in the blastocyst stage.
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    Regulation of pigment cell colonization of PET mouse leg musclesThis investigation was begun in the Department of Zoology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, with the support of grant G-14153-GB271 of the National Science Foundation. The work was concluded at the University of Richmond through the aid of NSF grant GB2721. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The results of autoplastic and homoplastic transplants of PET mouse tissues indicate that the state of differentiation of the developing muscles limits the extent of invasion by pigment cells of the muscles of the leg in PET mice. Additionally, intracoelomic grafts into host chick embryos of PET mouse leg tissues has given evidence which suggests that the pigment cell behavior is affected also by a restriction of pigment cell proliferation and concurrent migration by the initiation of pigment cell morphogenesis. Thus it appears that the colonization of the leg muscles by pigment cells in the PET mouse is governed both by the structural limitations and morphogenetic influence imposed upon the melanoblasts by the tissue substrate.
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    The origin of electric organs of Electrophorus electricusSupported in part by grants to Drs. S. Hagiwara, L. Kruger and T. H. Bullock from the U. S. Air Force, National Institute of Health, Office of Naval Research and National Science Foundation. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The electric organs (main, Sachs' and Hunter's) of a 23 cm and a 38 cm long Electrophorus electricus were studied by histological methods. The results were compared with 12 cm (Keynes, '61) and 140 cm (Couceiro and Ackermann, '48) specimens. All three electric organs originate from striated muscle fiber as indicated by the presence of a striated structure in the undeveloped electroplates. The three organs do not develop simultaneously but in succession: first Sachs' organ, then the main organ and finally Hunter's organ, with considerable overlap in time. In all three cases, the anterior extremity of the organ develops last. The classical notion that the main organ originates from the lateralis imus muscle is not supported by the present findings.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 41
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    Mucosal cellular populations and distribution in the normal canine stomach (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mucosal cellular populations and glandular thickness in the corpus of the canine stomach was assessed in 30 dogs. The average number of mucous neck cells per “swath” of full thickness mucosa over a width of 0.223 mm was 41 (S.E. ± 2.09), of parietal cells, 95 (S.E. ± 8.71), of chief cells 205 (S.E. ± 12.63). The average glandular thickness was 557 μ (S.E. ± 24.71).The distribution of cells in the stomachs of four additional dogs was determined. More mucous neck cells were noted in the glands of the juxta-antral and cardiac zones than in those of the corpus. Few parietal and chief cells were noted in the cardiac zone. In the corpus, however, these cells were abundant and evenly distributed.The data presented permit calculation of the total gastric mucosal cellular population of the stomach from an “average” 15 kg dog. The acid-pepsin secreting area has a volume of 35 cm3, and therefore contains 4.3× 108 parietal cells, 7.2 × 108 chief cells, and 1.4 × 108 mucous neck cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Ultrastructure of the thymic reticulum in guinea pig cytological aspects of the problem of the thymic secretion (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 117-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thymic reticular cells of the guinea pig were studied at different stages of its development and involution: the fetus of the last third of pregnancy, the newborn, the puberal adult and the adult implanted with estradiol.Most of the reticular cells were epithelial with desmosomes and tonofilaments originating from the endodermic primordium. In the medulla, some of these epithelial cells appeared to be transformed into elements of Hassall's corpuscles with an increase of tonofilaments in close association with keratohyalin granules.Moreover, phagocytic reticular cells were occasionally seen. Their origin remains unknown (epithelial or menschymal ?).The problem of the thymic secretion is discussed. There was no convincing evidence of a secretion of protein or polypeptid inside these reticular cells whatever the age of the animal. However, it is not possible to exclude the presence of another form of endocrin secretion, especially a colloid or a steroid secretion, at least in the fetus and newborn thymus.
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    The effect of a muscle relaxant on the growth and differentiation of skeletal muscles in the chick embryo (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present work is concerned with the extreme controversy of views over the problem of the dependency of embryonic muscular development on neural factors.A chemopharmacological method was adopted to selectively block the motor nerve endings. One hundred and seventy-seven chick embryos, 6-7 days old, were injected in ovo with marginal doses of oily tubocurarine. The control embryos were injected with arachis oil. Eleven days after injection, the majority of the embryos injected with curare were macroscopically stunted, especially the limbs. Specimens from experimental and control embryos were fixed simultaneously in isotonic 10% formalin made in Howard's solution. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Mallory's phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin and Van Gieson. Dawson's technique was used to demonstrate the whole of the embryo skeletons. Microscopic examination of the limb musculature revealed inhibition of development and differentiation. The muscle fibers were reduced in size and number, poorly striated and contained many centrally situated nuclei.In the chick, it is suggested that at a critical time of development the final differentiation and maturation of skeletal muscles begin to become dependent on the anatomical and physiological intactness of the motor nerves. This time is found to be approximately between the sixth and seventh days of incubation. The significance of these observations is discussed.
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    Knox the Anatomist. By Isobel Rae. v + 164 pages, illustrated. $6.50. Charles C Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, Illinois. 1965 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 139-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550116
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    Book received (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550117
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550201
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    Concealed umbilical hernia: Papez's concept of so-called paraduodenal herniaThis investigation was supported by General Research and Professional Research grants of the Medical College of Georgia and U.S.P.H.S. grant HE 9468-01. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two cases are described in which enormous bloodless peritoneal sacs occupy the abdominal cavity and enclose the small intestines. Back of the sac the colic arteries and veins are in normal anatomical position. The inferior mesenteric vein has been converted into a fibrous cord with resulting reversal of venous return from the hindgut into the hypogastric vein. These cases conform to Papez's concept of the so-called paraduodenal hernia: the peritoneal sac is derived from the embryonic umbilical peritoneal cavity. The authors suggest that most, if not all large intraperitoneal sacs, the so-called paraduodenal hernias, are derived from the embryonic umbilical peritoneal diverticulum.
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560101
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    Fine structure of the neurons of the posterior horn in the rat spinal cordSupported by U. S. Public Health Service grants NB-05850 and HE-09126. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 629-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The region of the posterior horn of the spinal cord in the lumbosacral region of the rat was studied with the electron microscope. This zone contained neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and blood vessels. The neurons possessed irregular nuclei which occupied a large portion of the cell. The cytoplasm contained elaborate smooth surfaced membrane systems. The rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum was small in amount and did not possess an orderly arrangement. Electron dense bodies were invariably found within the neurons. The morphological features, such as an extremely irregular nucleus and elaborate cisterns of smooth surfaced reticulum, indicate a well developed nucleocytoplasmic transport mechanism in the neuron. The vascularity of the area was evidenced by the presence of numerous blood vessels which generally had a perineuronal position. Pericytes were invariably found in close relationship to the endothelial cells of the blood vessels. The nucleus of the pericyte was remarkably dense. The cytoplasm of these cells was extremely attenuated and almost encircled the blood vessels.
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    Development of cleft palate induced by 6-aminonicotinamide late in rat gestationSupported by USPHS grant HD 01503-01 and Jacobsen Fund, University of California School of Medicine, Committee on Research no. MSC-09. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Single injections (8 mg/kg maternal body weight) of the niacin antimetabolite 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) given to rats on the morning of the fifteenth day of gestation resulted in 100% palatal abnormalities within 24 to 48 hours. Fasting rats for a period of seven or eight days, more than simulating the weight loss observed in 6-AN treated animals, resulted in young without palatal abnormalities. Simultaneous injection of an equal dosage of nicotinamide prevented the maternal and embryonic effects of the antimetabolite. Intralitter variability in normal palatal closure, similar to the interlitter variation, was observed in embryos of the same chronological age.Retardation in palatal shelf movement appeared to be the initial underlying morphological mechanism giving rise to the abnormal palates. Twenty-four hours after 6-AN injection embryonic and placental weights were significantly reduced; the incidence of full open palate was double that observed in untreated rats. Forty-eight hours following treatment palatal shelves had moved to the horizontal position dorsal to the tongue; failure of fusion was apparent. Further alterations in the morphogenesis of the abnormal palates were secondary to partial or complete failure of shelf fusion, complicated by a dorsally protruding tongue and underdeveloped mandible.The sensitivity of palatal closure between days 15 to 17 of gestation and the rapidity with which shelf movement can be delayed and modified by metabolic procedure in the rat is noteworthy.
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    Angiocardiographic studies of the Anuran double circulationThis work was supported by NSF GE 4044 and USPHS GM 1152-02. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 41-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Angiocardiography was used to investigate cardiovascular flow patterns in the heart and great vessels of the bullfrog and the marine toad. In the frog, these studies revealed a completely selective distribution of right atrial blood to the pulmocutaneous arches. The selective distribution is affected, in part, by the ventricular trabeculae which maintain in the ventricle a separation of right and left atrial blood, by the sequential movement from the ventricle of first right and then left atrial blood, and by a sphincter-action at the point of division of the truncus arteriosus which effectively shunts right atrial blood into the pulmocutaneous circuit. Left atrial blood in the frog is initially distributed selectively to the systemic arches; late in ventricular systole, some left atrial blood enters the pulmonary circuit. In the toad, both left-to-right and right-to-left mixing appear to occur, but only after significant periods of selective distribution.
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    Morphological and histochemical changes in the intrahepatic bile drainage system of the mouse following postnatal cholecystectomyThis work is supported in part by Grant 2TICA-05007-09 of the United States Public Health Services and by Grant IN-45G of the American Cancer Society. A major part of this work has been presented at the seventy-ninth annual meeting of the American Association of Anatomists held in San Francisco. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 55-65 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Effects of cholecystectomy at weaning upon the histological, histometrical and histochemical features of the intrahepatic bile drainage system were studied in young adult BUB mice of both sexes. The operation has, in 30 to 40 days, at least three different effects on various portions of the biliary system; (1) proliferative changes of interlobular bile ducts including very small ones, the cholangioles, (2) stimulation of activity of mucin secretion in the lining epithelium of large bile ducts and (3) increased alkaline phosphatase activity of bile canaliculi. In the light of known functions of the gall bladder, the proliferative changes of the interlobular bile ducts and the stimulated mucin secretion of the epithelium of large bile ducts are conceived to be developmental compensations for functions of the gall bladder. However, the increased bile canalicular phosphatase activity seems to indicate that such compensatory mechanism of the intrahepatic biliary system is only partially established at the time of observation.
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    The effects of contraction and stretch of a muscle on morphology of its spindles (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 67-81 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of acute stretch, laterally applied pressure, and exterfusal contraction upon the morphology of spindles in cat muscles have been studied by making measurements from serial histological sections. Cross-sectional areas of bag and chain intrafusal fibers were taken and the circumferences of spindle capsules measured at the equatoriallevel. From these area values the relative effects on length of the measured structures were inferred. 1. Stretch was found to lengthen the capsules and both bag and chain fibers. 2. Contracture induced by use of the drug ryanodine was accompanied by shortening of both bag and chain fibers. 3. Stretch was still effective in the presence of full contracture. 4. Pressure applied to the lateral surface of the muscle affectedboth bag and chain fibers.These findings taken with other considerations demonstrate the anatomical basis for the mechanism that is commonly assumed to cause the acceleration in discharge from primary and secondary endings with stretch and the “pause” with contraction of the gross muscle. The relation to a possible pressure sensing mechanism for secondary endings is discussed.
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    A light and electron microscopic study of Kurloff bodies in the blood and spleen of the guinea pig (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 107-117 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The Kurloff body of guinea pig mononuclear leukocytes was studied by light and electron microscopy of blood and spleen. Electron microscopy disclosed the presence of extensively dilatedendoplasmic reticulum, clusters of small vesicles, and clumps of long parallel fibers in the cytoplasm. The osmiophilic inclusions contained many myelin figures, both around the periphery and free in the matrix. Evidence for motility of these cells was noted.Rods, filaments, and spheres seen in supravital preparations appear as myelin figures when seen with the electron microscope. Although historically considered, parasitism, nuclear extrusion and phagocytosis of cells are unlikely as causal in the formation of the inclusion. Being based on contradictable evidence, a lysosomal origin is doubted. The formative process isfelt to be either one of intracellular secretion or of a sequestering and concentration of a serum molecular component.
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560201
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    Marcello malpighi and the evolution of embryology. By Howard B. Adelmann. 5 volumes, 24 × 32½ cm. XXIV + 1475 pages, illustrated. $200.00. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. 1966 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 119-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560114
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    Mammillary complex of cat brain - aspects of quantitative organizationPartially supported by Research Grant 195-62 from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and by Research Grant B1567 from the Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness of the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Accurate determination of the neuron populations of the medial and lateral mammillary nuclei in normal cat brains, and of the same structures (after quasi-equilibrium of the cellular populations is achieved) in brains of these experimental animals modified by unambiguous lesion arrays, provides the foundation for deciphering features of the neuronal circuitry that cannot be elucidated on the basis of qualitative neuroanatomic knowledge. This paper is concerned first with the closeness of agreement of cell population values between bilaterally corresponding mammillary nuclei in the same brain and with the degree of reproducibility of the ratio of the populations of the lateral and medial nuclei of this complex from one brain to another. Second, it is concerned with illustrating in specific cases the usefulness of population ratios determined from normal and from modified brains in revealing important neuroanatomic relations: (1) clarifying the structure of the dorsal bifurcation of the principal mammillary tract into the mammillothalamic and mammillotegmental tracts for fibers projecting from the medial mammillary nucleus, and (2) deciphering the neuronal circuitry of the bilateral projection of each lateral mammillary nucleus to the anterior dorsal nuclei of the thalamus.
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540201
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    The hair follicle group in mice (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 195-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Initiation and development of the follicle population in mice were examined during embryonic and early postnatal life. The shape of the curve relating follicle density with age suggests that follicle intiation begins in the 14-day-old embryo and continues until about two days after birth. During the period of follicle intiation, groups of follicles are established in a regular and systematic way but at any particular age during this period, the stage of development of adjacent groups is not always synchronous so that when initiation ceases the composition and numerical size of different groups are highly variable. Although 75% of all groups contained three, four, or five follicles some were composed of only two and others as many as 11 folllices. In adult mice the most notable feature of the spatial distribution of follicles is often only the tendency for follicles to be arranged in rows. An examination of the follicle population about six days after birth showed that this feature is not incompatible with the earlier developmental grouping structure. A comparison of the proportions of different fiber types in the coat with the proportions of follicles occupying specific positions in the follicle groups was unable to establish any close relationship between follicle and fiber types. Evidently the type of fiber grown by a follicle is more dependent on the age when the follicle is initiated than on the position of the follicle in the follicle group.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540202
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    Time and duration of DNA synthesis in rabbit eggs after sperm penetrationThis study was supported by funds from the University of Washington Initiative 171 grant. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit eggs 11-18 hours after mating were incubated with tritiated thymidine for 30 minutes, fixed in osmium tetroxide and prepared for autoradiography. DNA synthesis in both pronuclei takes place between 3-6 hours after fertilization. The presynthetic and synthetic periods are short, followed by a long postsynthetic period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540203
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  • 61
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    The attenuation of elastic tissue in the aorta of the baboon, Papio dogueraThis study was supported by grant HE 03834 from the National Institute of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A histological study was made of the quantitative distribution of elastic elements in the aorta of the baboon, Papio doguera. Materials were obtained in East Africa from freshly sacrificed animals as well as from domestic stock, and represented all age groups from a fetus near term to 28 years. Verhoeff's elastic tissue stained sections were prepared from 4 zones from the arch to the bifurcation.All specimens showed an attenuation of the thickness of the aortic wall as well as a decrease in the number of layers of elastic membranes from the arch to the bifurcation. The attenuation was less prominent in the older and heavier animals. The reduction in the number of elastic membranes at the lower end indicates a reduced requirement for the storage of ventricular energy by the elastic constituents for blood propulsion. Gravitational forces may be instrumental in maintaining blood flow to the lower extremities without additional expenditure of energy of ventricular origin.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540204
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    The fine structure of marginal band microtubulesThis study was supported in part by USPHS grants CA-06018, STI-GM-707, and GM-06637.A preliminary account of this work was presented at the 4th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology (Maser and Philpott, '64b). (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 553-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fixation of Fundulus erythrocytes by silver acetate-osmium tetroxide solutions preserves marginal band microtubules while extracting the obscuring hemoglobin background. High magnification electron micrographs of thin sections show the microtubules to be composed of globular subunits. Cross-sectional profiles of the microtubules contain six or seven subunits. The discussion includes comments as to the general stability of microtubular structures, and to the similarities between microtubules and tobacco mosaic virus protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540306
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    Periosteal appositional bone growth from age two to age seventy in man. A tetracycline evaluationWork support by grants AM-04186 of National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., and Project 293, Henry Ford Hospital. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 573-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Periosteal appositional bone formation in human ribs was analyzed. Tetracycline labels deposited in vivo reveal that in human ribs there can be continued apposition of periosteal bone after age 20, which decreases in amount with advancing age but is still present in the seventh decade.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540307
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    The fine structure of mucosal epithelial cells of a pathological human gall bladderThis investigation was supported by U. S. Public Health Service Training grant 1T1 GM-1268-01. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 579-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This communication presents the first electron micrographs known to us of human gall bladder mucosal epithelium. These cells are typical of epithelial cells in general. They possess microvilli, terminal bars, desmosomes, membrane interdigitations, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum, and a nucleus limited by an envelope interrupted by pores and containing one to several nucleoli. Of particular interest are the three types of granular inclusions found in the cytoplasm.These granules are discussed in the light of their possible significance, in particular their possible relation to the functioning of this epithelium in a gall bladder exhibiting cholelithiasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540308
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  • 65
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    Response of murine cutaneous nerves to skin painting with methylcholanthreneSupported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Ireland and from the Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 617-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A saturated solution of 20-methylcholanthrene in benzene was applied to the ear and trunk of 59 BALB mice. The effects upon cutaneous innervation were compared with that of 50% turpentine in acetone (13 mice) and of skin abrasion with sandpaper (11 mice). Silver impregnation techniques showed that the carcinogentreated epidermis was invaded by nerve fibers whose number was related to the degree of epidermal hyperplasia, but not to the period of treatment or to the animals' age at the time of first painting. Hair follicles showed changes in the size, number and length of nerve endings. Growth of cutaneous nerves was already evident on the fourth day of exposure to methylcholanthrene. Turpentine elicited only a slight neural reaction after 60 days; and the sandpaper treatment was without effect.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540309
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    A modified Golgi-Cox method with counterstain for the study of synapsesThis investigation was supported (in part) by research grant NB 06074-01 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The method described was found especially valuable for the study of synaptic connections and unimpregnated cells. Brains and spinal cords of the young cat, dog and frog were fixed by perfusion with gum acacia saline and formalin. The brains and spinal cords were removed and immersed in 10% formalin in saline for two weeks or more. Tissues were sliced into blocks 3 mm thick, washed and impregnated in a modified Golgi-Cox solution for from 6 to 8 weeks. Parlodion sections of 80 μ to 100 μ thick were treated with 5% ammonium tetroxide and counterstained with 0.25% cresyl fast violet. The sections were then differentiated in 95% alcohol, dehydrated, cleared and mounted. The method tends to prevent shrinkage, promote staining of axons, terminals and synapses and stains unimpregnated neurons.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550107
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    Radioautographic studies of reticular and blast cells in the hemopoietic tissues of the ratSupported by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission contract AT (45-1)-1377 and by Public Health Service Research grant GM-06309. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 41-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The rates of proliferation and developmental capabilities of reticular cells in the hemopoietic tissues of the rat were studied after administering single and multiple injections of tritiated thymidine. Radioautographic analyses were made using both smears and sections of the various hemopoietic tissues. Liquid scintillation counting of tissues was also employed. Sublethal gamma irradiation was administered to animals previously labeled with H3-thymidine in order to evaluate the role of reticular cells during the repopulation of the marrow.The labeling patterns (per cent label and average grain count) of reticular cells, both phagocytic and non-phagocytic types, are compared with the labeling patterns of blast cells. It is shown that reticular cells are proliferating at a slow rate and do not demonstrate the labeling patterns expected of stem cells for the rapidly proliferating myeloblasts, pronormoblasts, lymphoblasts and megakaryoblasts. The labeling patterns of cells which are generally believed to precede the committed blast cells, the hemo-cytoblasts, are also discussed and are contrasted with the labeling patterns of the reticular cells. During recovery from sublethal irradiation there was no evidence of differentiation or transformation of labeled reticular cells into blast cells of the various blood cell lines. The labeling patterns of blast cells suggest that the great majority are derived from members of their own group and that any proposed precursors of these blasts would need to be relatively few in number, rapidly proliferating and highly radiosensitive.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550106
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    Lipoprotein in the normal and regenerating limb tissues of the adult newt, Diemictylus viridescensThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research grant GM06208 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lipids tightly bound to cell and tissue proteins (lipoproteins) were investigated with the acetone-sudan procedure in cryostat-cut sections of normal and regenerating limb tissues of the adult newt, Diemictylus viridescens.Nuclear and cytolplasmic membranes of all tissues stained moderately black; the nucleo- and cytoplasm stained less intensely than their membranes. Connective tissue fibers of the dermis, mysial and neural sheaths, and tunics of blood vessels yielded intense responses. In striated muscle of the limb, myofibrils and associated striations responded strongly. Nerve myelin responded weakly.In the preblastemic regenerate, the fibrous adepidermal basement membrane terminated abruptly at the surface of amputation. A distal fibrocellular residue was evident in continuity with the retrograde degeneration of amputation-injured muscle: observations suggest a possible contribution to the fibrocellular reticulum from myofibrils. The regeneration blastema appears isolated from proximal limb tissues by the intervening fibrocellular reticulum. The response of the blastema cell is relatively weaker than that of other cells and tissues. Regenerating muscle is recognized by the appearance of prominently stained myofibrils in myoblastic extensions off the limb stump musculature. The matrix and chondrocytes of regenerating cartilage stain for lipoprotein, with the osteoid of osteogenic centers responding strongly.Polychrome responses were obtained from hyalin-bodies within interphase nuclei, and from chromosomes in mitosis, suggesting that chromosomal lipid has been stained.Supporting the lipidic character of the observed responses is the negative reaction following long term lipid extraction in warm chloroform: methanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550108
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    Gross structure of the ear, nasal cavity and Paranasal sinuses of the chimpanzeeThis work was supported by the United States Air Force contract AF 29(600)-3021. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gross examination of the chimpanzee skull revealed that: there are three ethmoidal sinuses; the sphenoid sinus is immense and is divided into a superior and inferior part; the huge maxillary sinus contains a distinct bony canal for the nasolacrimal duct; the anterior and middle ethmoidal sinuses drain into the superior meatus; the frontal sinus drains via the middle ethmoid; the posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses open into the sphenoethmoidal recess and also communicate with each other; the maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus through a large ostium; the nasolacrimal duct drains into the inferior meatus; the mastoid process is small but contains a central cavity which communicates with the middle ear; the broad and smooth planum tympanum serves as the floor of the external auditory canal, the latter forming an angle of 30° with the horizontal; the tympanic membrane makes an angle of 30° with the floor of the canal and is deeply recessed antero-inferiorly; except for the extreme slope of the tympanic membrane and the malleus, the middle ear is similar to man; the inner ear is likewise similar; the carotid artery and the large carotid plexus lie in a definite osseous tube surrounded by pneumatized bone but attached to the periotic capsule; the chimpanzee is subject to otitis media.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550109
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    Growth of hair in the ventral glands of castrate gerbils following testosterone administration (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study was made of the growth of hair in the ventral gland of the adult male gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. The gland is composed of pilosebaceous complexes in which the hair follicles exhibit a very long anagen and a short telogen. Castration causes an almost immediate cessation of growth of the gland follicles. Daily treatment with 320 μg testosterone proprionate results in re-establishment of hair growth within 72 hours. Growth continues and at three weeks the ventral gland resembles that of normal animals. No influence was observed of the physiological hair cycle of the general skin on the follicles of the ventral gland or of testosterone on the hair cycle of the general skin. The pilosebaceous complexes of the mid-ventral skin of the male gerbil are androgen sensitive and differ both morphologically and physiologically from those of the general skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560104
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    Fluorescent localization of catecholamine stores in the rat lungPreliminary work for this investigation was carried out at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; Department of Pathology, Francis Delafield Hospital Division. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 19-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To localize the stores of catecholamines present, normal rat lungs were examined with a histochemical fluorescence technique. Comparison was made with sections from animals infused with methylene blue to demonstrate the autonomic innervation usually observed. An extensive network of fine fluorescent fibers was seen in the mucosa of the entire bronchial tree. Coarse interstitial fibers adjacent to bronchi represented the largest monoamine stores observed, and communicated by delicate fibers with both the musculature and mucosa. Arterial fluorescence was less prominent, and a continuous subendothelial layer of coarse fluorescent material communicated with finer fibers in the muscular walls. The extensive fluorescent fibrous network visualized with the present method, demonstrating fine details of innervation, suggested an intimate relation between the bronchi and pulmonary arteries.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560105
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    Cell movement, proliferation and death in the formation of the embryonic axis of the rabbitThis work supported by N.S.F. grant GB-4401. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit blastocysts of ages six to eight days, post coitum were used to study the roles of cell proliferation, cell movement and cell death in the formation of the primary embryonic axis.Neutral red staining of local spots on the surface of cultured embryos provided information on the direction and speed of cell movement. Nile blue sulphate was used to detect necrotic cells in the embryonic areas. Mitotic indices were determined from counts made of the cells of serially sectioned embryos.It is concluded that the formation of the embryonic shield and primitive streak from the disc in the rabbit embryo is primarily achieved by migrations of cells that are being rapidly proliferated over the entire surface of the embryonic area. Cell death occurs but is an insignificant factor in this phase of embryonic growth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560202
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    The fine structure of elastic fibers in the fibrous periosteum of the rat femurThis investigation was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant G-16365, Public Health Service Research grant O-4748 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases and grant 4C-7113 from the National Cancer Institute. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 129-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the elastic fibers found in the fibrous periosteum of the albino rat femur has been described. Tissues were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde and/or phosphate buffered osmic acid, embedded in Epon, stained with lead citrate and examined in an RCA EMU 3F microscope. The elastic fiber in the layer of fibrous periosteum is found to be composed of an array of longitudinally arranged elastofibrils embedded in a matrix of electron dense amorphous material. On cross section some of these elastofibrils appear to be tubular, presenting a dense cortex and a less dense central or core area. Reasons for these elastofibrils not being clearly and conclusively visualized in previous studies are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560203
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    Observation on the microcirculatory architecture of the rat liver (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 157-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Microcirculation of rat livers was studied on preparations perfused with silicone rubber. Silicone rubber provided an excellent perfusion medium for the study of the special arrangement of hepatic microcirculation.As demonstrated by Gershbein and Elias ('54), a great portion of the hepatic venous tree of the rat liver receives sinusoidal channels and thus this portion is located centrilobularly.In the portal venous system of the rat liver, not only the distributing veins but also the conducting veins give rise to inlet venules regularly to adjacent peripheral sinusoids.Rich capillary networks of the periductal plexus which receive their afferent channels from the hepatic arteries and empty their blood either into the portion veins or into the adjacent peripheral sinusoids are demonstrated in the portal canals. Less prominent fine capillaries are distributed in the walls of portal veins and in the connective tissue components of larger portal canals. Existence of a more direct type of anastomoses between the hepatic arteries and portal veins through capillary networks in the medium and large sized portal canals is also indicated. Evidence for the existence of intralobular arteriolar terminals were not obtained and the present observation indicated that the hepatic arteries terminate at the periphery of the lobule.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560205
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    Fine structure of fiber types in normal human muscle (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 283-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of fiber types in the human vastus lateralis muscle is described. In contrast to the types in other mammals, the two types (red and white) in this muscle seem to differ only in the number and size of mitochondria and not in the amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum or in the structure of myofibrils. The continuity of fiber plasma membrane with the T tubules in the fiber is described. Occasional degenerate foci, which have been found in the normal muscle, are also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560305
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    Plasma membrane changes during keratinizationThis investigation was supported by U. S. Public Health Service General Research grant 1SO1 FR-05311-05.Most of the data in this paper was presented at the 44th General Meeting of the International Association of Dental Research in Miami Beach, Florida, on March 24-27, 1966. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 269-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Numerous electron microscopic studies have demonstrated that the plasma membranes of keratinizing epithelial cells undergo striking morphological changes. From a more or less symmetrical, trilaminar structure similar to that described for most cells, the membrane undergoes a marked increase in thickness and becomes highly resistant and impervious to the action of strong reagents. In the present electron microscopic study on rat tongue epithelium, this membrane thicken-ing was observed to begin by the appearance within cells of a moderately dense band of material, about 100 A thick, in the peripheral cytoplasm against the intracyto-plasmic face of the plasma membrane. This peripheral dense band was observed in epithelial cells each of which still possessed a nucleus and all its usual cytoplasmic organelles. Following its initial appearance, this peripheral intracytoplasmic band increased in density so that it became indistinguishable from the inner layer of the plasma membrane. The electron microscopic image at this stage gave the impression that the inner layer of the plasma membrane had undergone a considerable increase in thickness, whereas the outer and middle layers had remained essentially unchanged. Finally, in fully keratinized cells, the outer layer of the plasma membrane was not always demonstrable, so that in these cells the plasma membrane seemed to be composed of a single thick, dense layer of membrane material. The possible implications of these membrane alterations in the total process of keratinization are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560304
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    A study of the rat thyroid during perinatal days with observations of compensatory changes following unilateral thyroidectomyThis work was supported by U.S.P.H.S. Research grant TW 00161 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 415-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Measurements of volume of the thyroid, diameter of follicles and height of follicular cells were made under normal or experimental condition of unilateral thyroidectomy in late fetal and newborn rats. During perinatal days, the thyroid did not enlarge, the diameter of follicles was reduced and the height of follicular cells lowered. Unilateral thyroidectomy in fetuses on day 20 of pregnancy caused two days later a significant increase in the ratio of the volume of remaining lobe of thyroid to body weight. The height of follicular cells was increased in a unilaterally thyroidectomized fetus when compared with that in a litter-mate control fetus. In newborn rats, the unilateral thyroidectomy on day 1 of life also caused two days later a significant increase, though less than that observed in fetuses, in the ratio of thyroid volume to body weight. The height of follicular cells was not increased.The observations support the view that in the rat the pituitary-thyroid system begins to function before birth and that the founctioning of the system is slightly reduced just after birth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560405
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    The influence of thyroid and testicular hormones on the epithelium of crypts of Lieberkühn in the rat's intestine (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 423-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The growth of duodenal crypts of Lieberkühn was investigated in male Sherman rats subjected to thyroidectomy, and/or castration. Histological sections were studied, counting interphase nuclei and mitoses in 25 longitudinally sectioned crypts per animal. At 49 gm body weight, initial control animals had an average of 65.8 ± 2.4 cells per crypt section, and 80 days later, sham-operated controls weighed 269 gm and had 91.4 ± 5.1 cells per crypt section. There were only 75.0 ± 3.7 cells per crypt section 80 days after thyroidectomy, while castrates had 97.0 ± 2.6 cells per crypt section. Thyroidectomy combined with castration produced results similar to thyroidectomy alone, 74.0 ± 2.5 cells per crypt section. Treatment of such doubly operated rats with testosterone during the last 42 days of the experiment significantly increased the cell number, to 82.7 ± 2.8 per crypt section, while thyroxine increased it to 100.8 ± 4.3. Thus, in the rat, the number of cells per crypt increases between juvenile and adult stages, and this growth is subject to endocrine regulation, particularly by the thyroid.The mitotic index of crypt cells increases with age, from 3.9 ± 0.1% at 49 gm body weight, to 5.2 ± 0.3% at 269 gm body weight. Castration did not interfere with this increment, but it was reduced in the absence of thyroid hormone, and was restored by the injection of thyroxine to thyroidectomized castrates.Finally, from related observations in previously reported and unpublished experiments, it is suggested (1) that the influence of thyroid hormone on crypt cell number may be mediated, at least in part, through an action on growth hormone release from the anterior pituitary and (2) that the rate of change in cell number with age may be determined in some measure by a change in the rate of cell displacement toward the villus tip, in addition to a change in mitotic index.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560406
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    The cranial attachment of the sphenomandibular (tympanomandibular)ligamentThis study was supported in part by United States Public Health Service grant NIDR 5T1 DE 4-9. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 433-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sphenomandibular (tympanomandibular) ligament develops from Meckel's cartilage between the future petrotympanic fissure and the mandibular lingula. The superior attachment of this ligament has been described to attach to the sphenoidal spine.Fifty-one cadaver half heads were dissected to study the superior attachment of this ligament. Forty-five of the 51 ligaments were found to be attached in the area of the petrotympanic fissure, not directly to the sphenoidal spine. Six of the specimens had a thin fibrous slip which fanned out medially to the sphenoidal spine.Twelve additional cadaver specimens were decalcified and cut in various planes through the temporomandibular joint. All specimens showed a fibrous continuation of the ligament through the petrotympanic and/or squamotympanic fissures with an attachment to the malleus in the middle ear. When tension was applied to the ligament the malleus was seen to move.A 115 mm human fetus head was dissected. A ligamentous structure was seen to run from the medial side of the mandibular ramus to the future squamotympanic fissure area. When observed microscopically the ligament was continuous through the fissure and attached to the malleus.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560407
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    Distribution and fine structure of globule leucocytes in respiratory and digestive tracts of the laboratory ratSupported by N.S.F. Science Faculty Fellowship, by U.S.P.H.S. grant 10202, and by N.S.F. grant G5671. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 439-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Study of an unselected population of adult laboratory rats demonstrates the presence of globule leucocytes in the bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx and oropharynx. In the digestive tract, these leucocytes are seldom found in the antral part of the stomach but are abundant in the glandular stomach where they have been confused with mast cells. Numerous globule leucocytes also occur in the large and small intestines. Although most of these leucocytes are located in the epithelium rather than the connective tissue of themucous membranes of these organs, this pattern is reversed in the small intestine of normal rats. Globule leucocytes are present in essentially normal numbers in the trachea and larynx of axenic rats, but are less abundant than normal in the small intestine of these animals. The fine structure of the globule leucocyte and its characteristic inclusions is compared with that of other similar or possibly related cells and with that of the globule leucocyte of the fowl described recently by Toner.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560408
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  • 81
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    The heart weight and ventricular weights of normal adult albino rats (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 461-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The heart weight as well as the heart weight-body weight ratios of 264 adult albino rats, 155 males and 109 females were analyzed. The large rats have significantly heavier hearts than small rats, but small adults have on the average significantly higher heart weight-body weight ratios than large adults.The heart was partitioned and the ventricle weight-body weight ratio was also determined. As would be expected boty the right and the left ventricles are heavier in large rats than in small rats. However, the small rats have on the average a significantly higher ventricle weight-body weight ratio than large animals.Since there are highly significant differences between the weight of the heart of large and small animals, if heart weights are used in experimental work, rather than heart weight-body weight ratios, the animals should have a narrow body weight range.It is thought that these data may be helpful to those who work on the heart of the rat.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560410
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    Relation between axial and appendicular skeletal calcium and body weight in the ratThis investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research grant 5 SO1 Fr-05495 from the General Support Branch Division of Research Facilities and Resources; U.S.P.H.S. Graduate Training grant T1AM-5414 of the National Institutes of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases; the Whitehall Foundation and Easter Seal. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The total calcium content as well as the calcium content of individual long bones has been measured in male and female rats from weaning to maturity and were found to be linear functions of body weight in both sexes. The calcium content of the total skeleton was a constant percentage of body weight in males but was a continuously increasing percentage of body weight in females. The calcium content of the tibia and femur expressed as a percentage of total body weight changed ten-fold between weaning and maturity in females but hardly changed at all in males. In mature animals above 250 gm, calcium is distributed in the different bones of the skeleton in the same proportions in both sexes though females contain much more calcium at any given body weight than males.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560409
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  • 83
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    The teratogenic effect of tetanus toxin on the central nervous system of the early chick embryoThis investigation was supported by USPHS grant NB 04542 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, and USPHS grant HD 00310 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 221-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chick embryos, incubated at 38-39°C to stages 8-11 (Hamburger-Hamilton staging), were injected (under the vitelline membrane) with ten MLD (mice) per 0.05 ml of tetanus toxin or with avian physiological saline solution. Seventeen hours after the injection the embryos were harvested and fixed in Bouin's solution. Selected control and experimental specimens were sectioned for histological study.Observations of gross specimens show that open neural folds of younger embryos are more susceptible than are the more extensively closed tubes of older embryos. The progressively more caudal restriction of toxin-susceptible sites with increasing age is a manifestation of this correlation with the degree of closure at injection time.Study of serial sections establishes the concentration of lesions almost exclusively in neural tissue, especially in the alar region of the neuraxis. Tetanus-induced lesions include encephaloschisis, myeloschisis and platyneury at various levels of the neural tube. These basic defects are comparable to those reported after treatment with many CNS teratogens.Suggestions are made concerning the possible effect of tetanus toxin on biochemical interactions that might lead to aberrations from the normal morphogenesis of the central nervous system.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540205
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  • 84
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    Rapid wax plate modeling (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An accelerated method for the production of wax plate models from serial sections is described. Serial sections are projected on the back of 1 mm wax plates and the sharp image produced on the front of the plate is cut out directly with a knife. The construction of a simple projection apparatus which permits back-lighted projection is described and illustrated. The apparatus is built of common-size lumber and a small sheet of Plexiglas. It consists of a screen for the image and a wooden track on which a light source and microscope can be moved back and forth for different magnifications. Commercially available wax plates can be used. A method and the equipment needed to produce larger plates are described.The cut-out images when piled up to form the model are welded together and strengthened by inserting heated straight pins. The exterior of the model is smoothed with an electrically heated glass instrument which provides constant heat of desired temperatures. The construction of the glass instrument is illustrated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540206
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  • 85
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    Differences in internal structure and nerve terminals of the slow and twitch muscle fibers in the cat superior oblique (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 243-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Measurements of nerve fiber size in the trochlear nerve indicate that many small nerve fibers are present which could serve as the small nerve motor supply for innervation of the slow muscle fibers in the superior oblique of the cat. Twitch and slow muscle fibers in the superior oblique muscle of the cat have been examined in the electron microscope. In twitch fibers, triads consisting of the transverse tubule and dilated sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum occur at the level of junction of A and I bands. In the slow fibers, the sarcoplasmic reticulum is reduced in amount and the transverse tubular system is completely absent. The junctional folds of the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber under the nerve terminal of a twitch fiber are present, although not extensive; in slow fibers, these postjunctional sarcolemmal folds are essentially absent. Some physiological implications of these differences in fine structure of twitch and slow fibers and their respective nerve terminals are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540207
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    Correlation of localization of alkaline and acid phosphatases with morphological development of the rat kidneySupported by a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The Gomori (metal-salt) and azo-dye techniques were used for the localization of alkaline and acid phosphatases in the metanephric kidneys from 13- to 22-day-old fetal rats. Alkaline phosphatase activity was localized first in the luminal (brush) border of the differentiated proximal tubule in the kidneys of 19-day-old fetuses. Acid phosphatase activity was first localized in the cytoplasm of all the morphologically differentiated cells of the nephron in the kidneys of 20-day-old fetuses as cytoplasmic “droplets.” The relationships of the localization of these to the morphological differentiation of the nephron is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540208
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  • 87
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    Rotational movements in the foot of Galago senegalensis (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The wide range of rotational movement found in the elongated foot of Galago senegalensis cannot be accounted for by movement at the subtalar joint. A gross and microscopic study of the intertarsal joints of this animal have revealed a discrete calcaneonavicular articulation between the shafts of these bones together with a pivot joint at the calcaneocuboid articulation. It is suggested that little movement occurs at the subtalar joint and that most of the rotation found is produced by a movement of the navicular and distal tarsal bones about an axis which passes through the attachment of the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament to the calcaneus, the calcaneal portion of the calcaneonavicular joint and the pivot of the calcaneocuboid joint. A comparison is made with the foot of Tarsius and with the rotational movements of the forearm.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540211
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  • 88
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    Histological comparison of the thymus of germfree (axenic) and conventional CFW miceSupported by funds from the Office of Naval Research, Nonr-1623(15).This work is a part of the dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Notre Dame in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by one of the authors (M.B.). (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 261-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The histology of the thymus of both germfree and conventional mice at days 0, 14, 50, and 168 supports the interpretation of the growth pattern of the thymus as a reflection of the lymphocyte population of the cortex and medulla. In general the conventional thymus has more small lymphocytes in the cortex and more lymphocytes migrating into the medulla than in its germfree counterpart. Hence it would seem that antigenic challenge stimulates lymphocyte production in the thymus cortex and initiates a chain of events that may eventually result in thymus lymphocytes populating the other lymphoid tissues of the body, or that may result in lymphocyte degeneration in the thymus and the subsequent releas of a humoral factor that may stimulate the other lymphoid tissue to lymphocytopoiesis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540209
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    Morphological variability of keratohyalinThis study was supported by U. S. Public Health Service General Research grants 1SO1-FR-05311-01 and -04. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 275-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: With the aid of the electron microscope, it has been possible to demonstrate that the configuration of keratohyalin in rat tongue epithelium is highly variable. The configurations described by others are seen, i.e., the globular or irregular granules made up of homogeneous electron-opaque material. In addition to these, there are two other types of granules. One type is constituted heterogeneously of material similar in density to that usually described and another slightly less dense material. In the other type, keratohyalin is arranged as a dense rim around an electron-translucent, amorphous center. In addition to the cytoplasmic keratohyalin granules, intranuclear dense granules were demonstrated. The morphology of these intranuclear granules is similar in some ways to cytoplasmic keratohyalin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540210
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  • 90
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    The peritoneum of Trichosurus vulpecula (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 295-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This investigation of the peritoneal reflections of the brush-tailed possum was carried out on eight adult specimens. The greater omentum is relatively short, whereas the lesser omentum is arranged much the same as in man. Only the mesoduodenum and the distal mesocolon are totally reflected from off the dorsal peritoneum. The remaining peritoneal folds are either free or have a weak scanty attachment to the dorsal wall thus ensuring the general mobility of the gut in an animal whose posture is both orthograde and pronograde. These reflections are discussed from a phylogenetic aspect.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540212
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  • 91
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540301
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  • 92
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    American association of anatomists. Seventy-ninth annual session. University of Califonia school of medicine, April 6, 7, 8, 1966. Officers, abstracts, demonstrations (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 305-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540213
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  • 93
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    Histological observations on the ovary of the white-tailed mole, Parascaptor leucurus (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 527-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ovarian histology of Parascaptor leucurus, the white-tailed mole, is very similar to that of Talpa europeaa, especially with reference to the presence of two zones: (1) an ovigerous, or female, zone, and (2) an interstitial-cell, or male-like, zone. The ovigerous zone contains the follicles and corpora lutea. This pole of the ovary only is covered with a germinal epithelium. The interstitial-cell zone is made up entirely of islands of interstitial cells and of very short testis-like tubules, the so-called medullary follicles.Follicular growth appears to follow the conventional mammalian pattern.Sections of the medullary follicles have an appearance very similar to those of seminiferous tubules of late fetal and early postnatal testes in cellular make-up and relation to the rete tubules.Evidence is presented that suggests the occurrence of delayed implantation in this genus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540303
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    Studies of the rings of henle associated with collagenous bundles in human and calf skinSupported by United States Public Health Service grant AM 02469. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 513-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nature of Henle's rings, which are the highly refractile constricting fibers seen around chemically swollen collagen, has long been in dispute. Several theories can be found in the literature to account for this phenomenon. Henle's rings were abundant in oxhide and calfskin, but were rarely seen in human skin. They did not stain with any of the common elastic tissue stains. Reactions of Henle's rings, collagen fibers, and elastic fibers in purified hexosamine-free collagen of oxhide, fresh calfskin, fresh human abdominal skin, and ligamentum nuchae were compared using microscopic heat reactions both before and after chemical enzymatic treatment. Solutions used were 50% glycerin, glacial formic acid, 1 N NaOH, 0.1 N acetic acid, 3 N acetic acid, elastase, collagenase, pepsin, and hyaluronidase. The conclusions reached were that Henle's rings are not elastin, mucoid, or protoplasmic in nature but closely resemble a nonswelling collagen, probably reticulin. Henle's rings are very rare in human skin, but after digestion with elastase or treatment with NaOH, long, curving, poorly swelling fibers are seen which react like collagen in other respects. Henle's rings in oxhide varied in diameter from 24 μ up to several hundred microns. They seemed to be made up of fine fibrillae as seen with the phase-contrast microscope. The fluorescent colors of Henle's rings with various filters differed from the fluorescent colors of elastic fibers. Attempts to stain them with silver were not successful.
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    Fine structure of tadpole melanophores (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 533-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of frog tadpole melanophores has been found to be different from that of teleost chromatophores (Falk and Rhodin, '57). The cytoplasm is not divided into inner and outer regions. Organelles are distributed throughout the cytoplasm. A special search for microtubules was made and only a single such structure could be found.
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    Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of Japanese dormouse (Glirus japonicus)A part of this paper was read at the 30th Anatomical Meeting of Kanto-district, Niigata, July 17, 1965. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 545-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: On the dorsum of the Japanese dormose tongue three circumvallate papillae are arranged in an inverted V-shape. Foliate, fungiform and filiform papillae are also observed. The vallate papillae and the outer wall of the trench are covered with highly cornified stratified squamous epithelium. The taste buds in six rows are located only in the lateral wall of the papilla, having a long taste canal. Ganglion cells lie on the nerve bundles extending into the papilla. Serous glands are plentiful deep in the muscles and their ducts open into the bottom and on the outer wall of the trench. The foliate papillae consist of six to seven folds furnished with taste buds. The serous glands are developed also in this region. The lamina propria of the dorsum is richly supplied with abundant nerves ending free. The fungiform papillae are also supplied with abundant nerves and furnished with taste buds penetrating into the connective tissue. The inferior surface is poor in nerve supply and has neither taste buds nor papillae. The muscle spindle, the thin-sheathed sensory corpuscle and a peculiar wavy-coursed end-apparatus within the nerve bundle are found in the apical region. The dormouse tongue contains many ganglion cells along the nerve bundles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540305
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    Recovery of rat incisor dentin from abnormal mineralization produced by strontium and fluorideThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service research grant DE-01716, and by Research Career Development Award 5-K3-DE 7,272 from the National Institute of Dental Research. I am indebted to Mr. William Ayer and Dr. Dale Eisenmann, who prepared the microradiographs during the tenure of summer research fellowships supported by Public Health Service General Research Support grant IGS-10. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 661-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rats were injected with 5 mg NaF/100 g or 125 mg SrCl2/100 g. Animals injected once were killed at intervals of 4, 6, 12 and 24 days after injection. Other animals received pairs of injections, separated by intervals of four or nine days. One maxillary incisor from each animal was embedded in methacrylate, sectioned transversely, and microradiographs prepared. The other incisor was demineralized, sectioned, and the sections stained with histochemical methods for polysac-charide-protein complexes.In the microradiographs, the abnormally mineralized layers of dentin produced by the injections became less distinct as they aged. This recovery was detectable in all animals within two weeks after injection. The histochemical changes were less marked, but the weakly stained (hypomineralized) layers of matrix became more nearly normal as recovery occurred. Apparently, fluoride accelerates the maturation (secondary mineralization) of a thin layer of dentin, while both fluoride and strontium inhibit primary mineralization of predentin. In time, mineralization in the hypomineralized layers overtakes the normally mineralized dentin, and the normally mineralized dentin overtakes the hypermineralized layers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540312
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  • 98
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    Acetylcholinesterase-acetylcholine, an enzyme system essential to rhythmicity in the preneural embryonic chick heartThis investigation was made possible by NIH grant HWO3565-08. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 675-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The problem was to prove that without acetylcholine or acetylcholinesterase it is impossible for the heart to originate an impulse. Fifty to sixty-five-hour old embryonic chick hearts were chosen for study because this age range antedates the period when nerve fibers reach the heart. Electrocardiograms were taken on hearts in lying drops before, during and after changes of media. The diluent in all cases was Tyrode solution of pH 7.4, and the temperature was 31 to 32°C.Hearts react to acetylcholinesterase as follows: the PR interval increases; AV block and complete stoppage of the ventricle occur; finally the sinu-atrium stops and the heart is completely quiescent. The process can be reversed and normal activity restored by adding acetylcholine, proof that acetylcholine is necessary for rhythmicity.Hearts react to eserine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase as follows: the amplitude of the P wave and QRS complex is reduced; the PR interval is eliminated; a single wave, the “cardiac wave” emerges even though visibly both atrium and ventricle are beating; the heart finally stops. The hearts can be returned to complete normality by washing out the eserine with Tyrode solution. From this we conclude that acetylcholinesterase is also necessary for rhythmicity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540313
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  • 99
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    Persistent urachus  -  an observation in miniature swine (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 701-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The embryology and anatomy of the urachus has been described and documented in some mammals. Though rare, the anomalies associated with the urachus represent such a hazard to life that, in man at least, the incidence and treatment have been recorded regularly. Documentation of the presence of the persistent urachus in animals was not as complete. References in recent literature described the anomalous urachus in only a few dogs, cows, and horses.This study reported an impervious urachal canal from the urinary bladder to the umbilicus in a female “miniature” pig of the Pitman-Moore strain. The urachus observed was similar to previous descriptions given for domestic swine and other species but was reported because of the increasing use of swine as laboratory animals and the dearth of specific information in the literature concerning these animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540315
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  • 100
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    The leydig cell in larval amphibian epidermis. Fine structure and function (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 685-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The large, presumably mucus and/or fluid secreting cells of Leydig have been studied in the epidermis of the newt, Taricha torosa, by light and electron microscopy. Mitotic activity in visibly differentiated Leydig cells results in their increasing numbers so that by mid-larval stages they comprise the major cellular component of tailfin skin. Subsequently, the number of these cells diminishes as the epidermis thickens; their final disappearance coincides with metamorphosis and epidermal cornification. During the course of larval life, clear vesicles within Leydig cell cytoplasm accumulate granular material and, in time, assume the morphology of typical mucous aggregates. Concomitantly, the cytoplasm progressively becomes clear in appearance and nearly devoid of organelles.The surface of larval skin is normally provided with a thin mucous coat by continual production on the part of apical epidermal cells. When this surface is exposed to air, observation over a period of time reveals that the outer mucous coat hardens rapidly. There is no indication that additional fluid or mucus is provided to the drying surface from Leydig cells. Rather, light and electron micrographs of epidermis after various degrees of desiccation suggest that Leydig cells do respond to drying, but do so by adding fluid and perhaps mucous material to subsurface, extracellular compartments of the epidermis. The concept that Leydig cells provide an internal fluid reserve is discussed in relation to epidermal development and prevailing physiological and structural evidence bearing on intercellular compartments.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540314
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