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  • 1970-1974  (479)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1972  (479)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (479)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the rat testis after vasectomySupported by contracts 69-2104 and 71-2506 with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Portions of the work carried out at the University of Colorado were also supported by Program Project HD-02282 of the National Institutes of Health, Health Sciences Advancement Award (FR-06084) from the National Institutes of Health, and a Research Career Development Award from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 477-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the rat testis was studied at intervals of up to nine months after bilateral vasectomy, unilateral vasectomy, or a bilateral sham operation. Objectives were to determine whether the fine structure of the testis is altered as a result of vasectomy and to determine if any of the sperm produced after vasectomy are retained and disposed of within the testis. Attention was directed toward the ultrastructure of developing spermatids, the cytology of Sertoli cells, and the structural relationships between Sertoli cells and germ cells. No alterations in these features were detected, and it was concluded that the fine structure of the rat testis remains normal after vasectomy. Factors are discussed which may qualify this conclusion, such as the structural complexity of developing germ cells and the multiplicity of stages in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Sertoli cells contained residual bodies after vasectomy, but there was no evidence that phagocytosis by Sertoli cells increased, suggesting that the main site of disposal of sperm after vasectomy lies distal to the seminiferous tubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740407
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  • 2
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    Electronic Resource
    Further evidence for the vitality of chondrocytes in the mandibular condyle as revealed by 35S-sulfate autoradiographySupported in part by grant DE 00163 from the National Institute of Dental Research, U.S.P.H.S. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 503-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histochemical and autoradiographic studies using 35S-sulfate indicate that the majority of the cartilage cells in the developing mandibular condyle of the young mouse are active, vital cells. Concomitant with the increase of hypoxic conditions within the deeper layers of the cartilage, an increase in sulfated glycosaminoglucuronoglycans synthesis takes place. Hypertrophic chon-drocytes in the premineralized and mineralized zones reveal marked 35S-sulfate uptake in comparison with the less differentiated cells in the chondroblastic and perichondrial zones. These observations of radiosulfate activity support the concept that calcification processes in the condylar cartilage are not necessarily accompanied by degeneration and death of the hypertrophic chondrocytes. The radiosulfate activity of the surviving chondrocytes in the vicinity of the ossification front indicates possible modulation into osteoprogenitor cells.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740409
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  • 3
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    Electronic Resource
    Adjustment of the myelin sheath to changes in axon caliberSuppoerted by U. S. Public Health grant NS 06239 from the National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: “Chronic” axon swellings were produced by applying a snug ligature around the sciatic nerve of rats by the fourteenth postnatal day, allowing the nerve to compress itself by its subsequent growth. The technique results in swelling of the entire myelinated fiber population proximal to the constriction, and in hypoplasia or arrested growth distal to it. “Chronic” axon swellings differed strikingly from the “reactive” axon swellings in the stumps of transected nerves in having normal or slightly below normal concentrations of axoplasmic organelles, including mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.Swelling of the axons was associated with attenuation of their sheaths having normal interperiod width but fewer turns of myelin lamellae than found in normal fibers of comparable calibers. Release of the compression resulted in rapid restitution of axon swellings; the excess axoplasm was drained from the fibers and the sheaths rapidly acquired normal thickness. The magnitude of all observed changes in the sheaths of swollen and of restituted fibers was consistent with a rearrangement of the existing turns of myelin lamellae without change in the total amount of myelin. The myelin sheath appears capable of adjusting to both increases or decreases in axon size by slippage of its lamellae.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720101
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  • 4
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    Electronic Resource
    Integrated actions of the four heads of quadriceps femoris: An electromyographic study (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: From intramuscular bipolar fine-wire electrodes in the four heads of quadriceps femoris, electromyographic recordings were made (along with electrogoniometric records) in nine normal men and women during selected postures and movements of the loaded and unloaded knee. Variation between the onset and cessation of activity between the four heads and from subject to subject was found, but the vastus medialis reflected the general pattern of activity rather than acting only terminally during extension. Rectus femoris had the shortest span of activity during extension of the knee.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720102
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of a fifth type of epithelial cell in the thyroid gland of the C3H mouse (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new cell with relatively little cytoplasm has been identified in the second kind of follicle in the C3H mouse thyroid gland. It has as ultrastructural characteristics the presence of clusters of fiber in the cytoplasm, vesicles near the basal plasma membrane, and half desmosomes in the basal plasma membrane. It resembles the U cell found in the ultimobranchial follicle of the Fischer rat thyroid, but has a somewhat larger amount of granular reticulum. It is found in the follicle wall between other epithelial cells and the basement membrane, but occasionally is in contact with the lumen. It also occurs as a double layer in the follicle wall. Cell debris in the lumen of the follicle contains fibrils and may be the result of desquamation of this fibril-containing cell.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720104
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  • 6
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    Electronic Resource
    Role of chondrocytes and hydrocortisone in resorption of proximal fragment of Meckel's cartilage: An in vitro and in vivo studySupported by grant MA3803, awarded by the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 21-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The possibility that chondrocytes of the proximal fragment of Meckel's cartilage may participate in resorption of the extracellular substance of the cartilage and outlive its removal, has been investigated in vitro and in vivo. Mandibles from 18 day in utero mouse foetuses were cultured for 14 days on an an antibiotic-free chemically defined medium. When tested histochemically for acid phosphatase heavy deposits of reaction product were evident in cells in areas where resorption appeared to be occurring. When maintained on medium containing 1.0 μg/ml hydrocortisone, groups of chondrocytes hypertrophied and were reactive for acid phosphatase, and this was accompanied by loss of intervening extracellular substance. These changes were intensified by increasing the oxygen tension of the environment and by further supplementing the medium with 1.0 μg/ml triiodothyronine. Chondrocytes in the vicinity of sites of resorption could incorporate 3H-proline and 3H-thymidine. In vivo, chondrocytes in the vicinity of resorbing areas in two to three day post-partum animals were highly reactive for acid phosphatase, and could incorporate 3H-thymidine, 3H-proline, and 3H-uridine. These observations have been interpreted to suggest that resorption of the proximal fragment of Meckel's cartilage is not necessarily accompanied by death of the chondrocytes, and that the chondrocytes may participate in removal of the extracellular substance. Furthermore, the response of the chondrocytes of Meckel's cartilage to hydrocortisone in vitro appears to differ from the response that has been reported to occur in a number of other cells in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720103
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  • 7
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    Electronic Resource
    Histological and radiographic study of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in cynomolgus monkeys, Macaque Irus (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The spheno-occipital synchondroses of 20 cynomolgus monkeys have been examined histologically and radiographically. The findings by these two methods have been compared and correlated with the dental age of the monkeys. The radiographic examination was carried out on the isolated clivus region while serial sections were used for histological examination. Comparison of the synchondrosis by the two methods resulted in six disagreements when the synchondroses were classified as open, partly closed or closed. It is suggested that this difficulty is due to superimposition of shadows on the radiographs and small degrees of histological union not being recognised radiographically. It is further suggested that care should be taken in determining the age at closure when radiographs alone are used as the criterion. The dental age at initial closure appeared to vary widely in some cases occurring at an early mixed dentition stage and in others as late as the adolescent dentition. The closure of the synchondrosis was not related to the eruption time of any particular tooth. The pattern of closure did not conform to the classical type, i.e., from above downwards nor indeed was any consistent pattern revealed in either the radiographs or histological sections.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720201
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  • 8
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy of granule release in metrial gland cells of the pregnant ratResearch was supported by USPHS grant HD-04769. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 109-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fate of the granulated metrial cell was studied with the electron microscope. In the degenerating areas of the metrial gland the granulated metrial cells undergo necrosis. The granules of the lysed cells are enclosed by a limiting membrane and their contents appear unaltered. The observations indicate that after the granules are free, the limiting membrane is lost and the contents released into the tissue space. Phagocytic cells are apparently involved in clearing the area of cellular debris. Metrial granules are sometimes engulfed by the phagocytic cells. The “lipid bearing” cells of the metrial gland were also investigated with the electron microscope. These cells contained few organelles, a flocculent cytoplasmic ground substance, lipid droplets, and large dense bodies. The membrane limited dense bodies resemble secondary lysosomes and contain multilaminated myelin whorls plus a variety of dense fibrous or homogeneous material. The release of metrial granules is discussed in relation to the possible secretion of relaxin by metrial cells. The role of the lipid bearing cells is also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720110
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  • 9
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    An analysis of Tomes' granular layerSupported by the Medical Research Council of Canada, Grant MT 3693. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 137-147 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Seventy-five- to one-hundred-micron slices of undemineralized human teeth were examined by transmitted light, incident light and polarized light microscopy, to determine the nature of Tomes' granular layer in root dentine. Transmitted light examination showed that the granules occupied differing levels within the section. Incident light microscopy showed that the granules were true spaces and polarized light microscopy showed that fibre orientation was not the cause of the granular layer. When thin sections (1 μ-0.75μ) of a tooth slice containing Tomes' granular layer were examined by light and electron microscopy no evidence of any spaces were found in the region where they had been demonstrated in the thick 75-100 μ section. Looping of the terminal portions of the dentinal tubules was found. A model system has been used to show that sectioning of this loop region could produce a space visible in thick sections and corresponding to a granule of Tomes' layer. It is suggested that this looping of dentinal tubules in root dentine, and not in the dentine beneath enamel, is the result of different rates of dentine deposition in these two areas.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720202
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  • 10
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    The specialized lingual papillae of Tachyglossus aculeatus I. Gross and light microscopic features (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 157-165 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The tongue of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus is divided structurally and functionally into two distinct parts; a free rostral portion covered by stratified squamous epithelium bearing filiform papillae and a fixed caudal portion formed by a trapezoidal pad which bears highly specialized keratinized spines. These spines are similar in their morphology to the horny teeth of the living cyclostome Myxine and the hard keratin of rat filiform papillae.The gross and light microscopic structure of the lingual spines is described and their use as a masticatory organ (by occlusion with a similar set of spines on the palate) is discussed in relation to the animal's diet and method of feeding.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720204
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  • 11
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    Electronic Resource
    Prolonged survival of fragments of liver transplanted to an ectopic site in the mouse (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 149-155 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fragments of liver were successfully transplanted to an ectopic site in the kidney cortex of the mouse. Survival was followed for varying periods of time. In some cases both syngeneic grafts and allogeneic grafts placed in mice previously made immunologically tolerant to the genotype of the donor were still alive one year later. However, extensive amounts of liver tissue would not survive, at the best, strips of about 30 cells thick grew, and various measures tried to promote an increase in this amount were not successful.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720203
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  • 12
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    Electronic Resource
    The diffuse labyrinthine endotheliodichorial placenta of the free-tail Bat: A light and electron microscopic studyThis investigation was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Child Health and Human Development, gratn HD 03391-02. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 221-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In Tadarida, the diffuse endotheliodichorial placenta is established over the parietal area of the uterus and is prominent, for an extended period of time during midgestation, both prior to and during the development of the definitive discoidal structure. A transitory yolk sac placenta precedes the establishment of the diffuse placenta. The tissues of the yolk sac are displaced from the trophoblast through collapse, and by the advance of the allantoic mesoderm. Allantoic vessels infiltrate the cords of cellular trophoblast that extend into the syncytium that, in turn, has penetrated deeply into the maternal endometrium. The syncytium progressively phagocytizes the maternal tissues, leaving the superficial maternal blood vessels and attendant pericytes intact, but destroys many of the deeper maternal vessels. Several morphological changes occur in the pericytes during the period that the superficial maternal capillaries retain their integrity, suggesting that they play an important role in maintaining these vessels which are eventually destroyed also.The cytotrophoblast is the most undifferentiated cell type throughout gestation. The syncytium, on the other hand, contains a large array of organelles that vary in concentration from one area to another within this tissue. Particular attention was paid to cytoplasmic structures potentially related to transport phenomena. Among those described are (1) coated vesicles and tubules in the syncytium at its interface with the cellular trophoblast, (2) microvilli extending from the cytotrophoblast into the syncytium some of which contained lines of pinocytotic vesicles, (3) coated vesicles along the plasma membrane of the syncytium toward the maternal tissues, and (4) pinocytotic vesicles associated with the endothelium of both the allantoic and maternal blood vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720208
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  • 13
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    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative studies of the deep petrosal nerve of the mouse with the electron microscope (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 483-488 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Quantitative counts of the deep petrosal nerve of the mouse with the electron microscope have shown that, on an average, 3,208 fibers of the total nerve fibers (3,209) are unmyelinated and only one fiber is myelinated. The unmyelinated fibers in the deep petrosal nerves ranged from 0.1 to 1.7 μ in minor diameters, 0.3-0.4 μ being most frequent (about 30% ), while their major diameters varied from 0.1 to 2.4 μ the majority being 0.4-0.7 μ (about 60% ).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720302
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  • 14
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    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic and chemical localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine in identified neurons in the leech (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 489-498 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The large leech neurons known as Retzius cells contain substantial amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) stored in granules. Previous studies show that these cells are able to make 5-HT from precursors. The present study, which is a combined chemical and autoradiographic analysis of these cells after the administration of radioactive 5-HT or 5-HTP, confirms that the cells make 5-HT from precursors. In addition, this study shows that the cells can acquire and store 5-HT when it is present in the environment. Thus, if 5-HT is available, these cells need not manufacture this compound from precursors. Furthermore, the newly acquired 5 HT seems to be stored in the granules that characterize these cells. Finally, this study shows that the Retzius acquire or make the 5-HT in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720303
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  • 15
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    The shearing properties of single osteonsThis work was supported by the grant no. 69.02080 of the National Research Council of Italy. A paper reporting the partial and preliminary results of this investigation was presented at the Eighth European Symposium on Calcified Tissues held in Jerusalem, Israel, on March 28-April 3, 1971. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 499-510 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The shearing strength of single human osteons has been investigated using a microtesting machine equipped with a microwave micrometer. The results Were related to the degree of calcification and the orientation of collagen fiber bundles in successive lamellae of the osteons. The following conclusions were made: (1) Osteons having a marked longitudinal spiral course of fiber bundles in successive lamellae are least able to support shearing stress. This suggests that in the other types of osteon the compactness of bone is strengthened by the lamellae having marked transversal spiral course of the fiber bundles. (2)Ultimate shearing strength and modulus of elasticity of osteons increase as calcification proceeds. (3) The shearing strength of single osteons is markedly lower than the tensile and compressive strength for samples of the same type. (4) In osteons loaded along their axis the range of elastic deformation is barely more than 1% of the length of the sample. (5) With the technical procedure used in this investigation the shearing of osteons appears to be preferentially related to the lamellar structure. In osteons loaded excentrically the portions which have slipped out have a rather irregular shape and in many cases one or two fractures occur. (6) The resistance to shearing of the cementing substance at the boundaries of the osteon may be greater than the resistance of the osteon itself.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720304
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  • 16
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    Tissue interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme of urogenital and integumental originThis work was supported in part by USPHS training grant GM94-11. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 529-541 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Trypsin-separated epithelia and mesenchyme were prepared from the following urogenital and integumental tissues of embryonic mice: seminal vesicle, urogenital sinus, preputial gland, and back, snout, and plantar surface foot plate skin. These components were rejoined in control (homotypic) and experimental (heterotypic) recombinants and were subsequently grown for one to three weeks as intraocular grafts to adult male hosts. Grafts of intact rudiments provided additional control data.In heterotypic recombinants composed of urogenital epithelia (urogenital sinus or seminal vesicle) and integumental mesenchyme (back, snout, or plantar), the epithelium responded as if androgens were absent, i.e., urogenital sinus epithelium formed a keratinized structure, while seminal vesicle epithelium developed into a small tubule of columnar epithelium. On the other hand, plastic integumental epithelia (snout or plantar) was transformed by urogenital mesenchyme of the urogenital sinus or seminal vesicle into a glandular epithelium characteristic of the mesenchymal source. Similarly, the normally glandular preputial gland epithelium could be induced to form keratinized, hair-bearing skin by back and snout skin dermis, and although preputial gland mesenchyme did not manifest inductive properties when associated with integumental mesenchyme, it was able to participate in typical skin differentiation.These data demonstrate (1) the importance of the mesenchyme in mediating epithelial response to androgens, (2) the stability of urogenital epithelia, (3) the plasticity of integumental epithelia, and (4) the inductive properties of urogenital and integumental mesenchyme.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720307
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  • 17
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    Filamentous and matrix components of skeletal muscle Z-disks (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 623-642 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structural appearance of Z-disk lattices in vertebrate skeletal “fast” muscle varies depending upon whether osmium or glutaraldehyde has been employed as the primary fixative. Prior investigators have attributed the differences to change in the extent of actin filament overlap within the Z-disk and/or to rearrangement of Z-disk filaments.Adult frog and young newt “fast” muscle has been studied under various degrees of stretch, with several different aldehyde and osmium fixation procedures, and after plastic section digestion techniques utilizing Pronase or pepsin. Serial cross sections of Z-disks were correlated with oriented cross and longitudinal sections. Fixation with collidine-buffered osmium and veronal acetate-buffered glutaraldehyde seems to provide the greatest and most distinctly contrasting differences. A consistently arranged phase, the filamentous lattice, can be discerned after either fixation. However, a second phase, termed “Z-disk matrix,” appears variable, perhaps due to extraction during primary osmium fixation procedures. Glutaraldehyde-fixed frog muscle Z-disks display a copious matrix, one which is seldom totally depleted by osmium fixation. In young newt muscle Z-disks, little matrix is present after glutaraldehyde fixation and none of it remains after primary osmium. In Z-disks fixed by either method, matrix that is retained appears to be deposited in lattice-like patterns. It is suggested that these matrix patterns, or their loss, are the basis for the varying images of Z-disks observed under diferent fixation conditions and that the filamentous lattice is relatively stable. The Z-disk is more rapidly obliterated by Pronase or pepsin digestion than is any other muscle component, including actin (which appears notably unreactive). The rapid digestion effect is limited to the region postulated to include the matrix phase. Models for the structural interrelationship of filamentous and matrix phases are discussed and compared to prior Z-disk models.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720403
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  • 18
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    Estrogen-induced osteoid formation in the osteon of mature female rabbits. An electron-microscopic studySupported in part by NIH grant A-02745, NIDR predoctoral fellowship 5-Fl-De-40,942-02, PHS training grant 5-TI-GM 1323 for NIGMS, and training grant DE-151. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 417-435 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The osteons of mature female rabbits injected with estradiol valerate, parathyroid extract, or a combination of both were studied. Two, 1 mg injections of estradiol valerate (Delestrogen®) given in a one week period stimulated osteoid production on the inside of the lacunar borders of osteocytes but had little effect on osteoid production along the perimeter of the Haversian canal. Parathyroid hormone induced osteolysis after two weeks of treatments, with little apparent increase in osteoclast numbers. Parathyroid extract treatment for one week followed by estradiol valerate treatment in combination with parathyroid extract treatment the second week induced osteoid formation along both lacunar borders and Haversian canal perimeters. This evidence shows that estrogen can stimulate osteoid production and is not limited to inhibition of bone resorption. Increased osteoid production along the perimeter of the Haversian canal in dual-treated rabbits implies an interaction between estrogen and parathyroid hormone.
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    Crystal growth in rat incisor enamel (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 453-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The width and thickness of hydroxyapatite crystals and the crystal density at various stages of rat incisor amelogenesis were studied using electron microscopy. The cross-sectional profile of the crystals increased from 259 × 12.7 Å at the surface of the ameloblast to 454 × 249 Å in the completely mineralized enamel. In agreement with previous observations, many crystals had a regular, flattened hexagonal profile during the matrix formation stage. During enamel maturation, the crystals assumed more irregular surface contours, the crystals tending to adapt themselves to the available space. In completely mineralized enamel, the crystals were as irregular in shape as the crystals in human enamel, and they occupied around 85% of the volume. While the crystals at the onset of mineralization were separated by a distance of 120-150 Å, the crystals eventually became relatively closely packed, separated by a fine space only 10-25 Å in width. A lower number of crystals per unit cross-sectional area of the enamel prisms was observed in fully mineralized enamel as compared with the early stages of amelogenesis. Since evidence of fusion of crystals is lacking, the decrease in crystal density appears to result from swelling of the enamel prisms.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730406
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  • 20
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    Juxtaglomerular granular cells and nephron autoregulationSupported by Vermont Heart Association grant AG-65. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 479-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histological study of serially sectioned glomeruli in rat and mouse kidneys possessing different aggregates of juxtaglomerular granular cells has revealed that between 15 and 29% of glomeruli in control animals are not associated with these granular cells and that almost universal association occurs only when the granular cells are greatly increased. Thus, a significant number of nephrons in control rats are not continuously autoregulated through a local renin-angiotensin mechanism, assuming that a lack of granules is associated with a lack of synthesis and release of renin. This association between granular cells and glomeruli is usually greater in the outer half than in the inner half of the cortex regardless of the content of granular cells; although the difference is not as great as prior reports indicate. Stimuli which either increase or decrease granularity of juxtaglomerular cells produce a similar and parallel response in both cortical regions, suggesting that control or regulation of granular cells is the same in both areas. It further suggests that the reported difference in filtration rates between superficial and deep glomeruli following sodium loading and sodium deprivation is not mediated through a differential alteration of juxta-glomerular cell granularity. A linear regression equation was developed by which the per cent of all glomeruli associated with granular cells may be estimated from given mean juxtaglomerular granular cell indices (GCI).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730408
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  • 21
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    Tissue cholesterol preservation: Factors associated with retention of cholesterol in rat sciatic nerve fixed for electron microscopySupported by grant AM09432 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 485-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The retention of cholesterol in rat sciatic nerve fixed in glutaraldehyde-digitonin was investigated. Maximal retention ( 〉85% ) was achieved after fixation at room temperature, post-fixation in OsO4, and dehydration in an ethanol series, 60, 80, 95, 100% (2 changes), five minutes per change. Fixing in the cold, increasing the dehydration time, changing from ethanol to acetone, or reducing the concentration of digitonin from 0.2% to 0.02%, resulted in a decrease in cholesterol retained. The greatest loss of cholesterol was found in the two changes of absolute ethanol, and therefore we recommend dehydration through 95% ethanol, followed by infiltration and embedding according to the procedure of Idelman ('64).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730409
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  • 22
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    Twenty-four-hour rhythmicity in carbonic anhydrase activities of choroid plexuses and pineal glandSupported in part by U.S. Public Health Service research grant NS-06296 and the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 279-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Carbonic anhydrase (CA, carbonate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.1) activity of choroid plexuses (ventricles I + II and IV) and pineal glands of adult male rats was determined by microtitration. Autopsies at precise times in relation to a daily photoperiod 14 hours long allowed in replicate series evaluation of 24-hour rhythmicity. A slightly lower choroid CA activity during the light phase was variable and marginal in significance. A highly significant and reproducible daily fall in pineal CA activity near the onset of light was paralleled by, and probably originated from, a fall in pineal content of erythrocytes. Low pineal CA activity is consistent with its endocrine nature. Its morning changes in hemodynamics are likely to be due to local changes in content and release of norepinephrine and other vasoactive agents.
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    Vestibular ampullary structures in the pigeon: A scanning electron microscope overviewDCIEM Research Paper 806. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 311-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to explore the complex surface features of the ampullary structures in the vestibular apparatus of the pigeon. The depth perspective inherent in SEM microscopy enabled: 1. three-dimensional views of major ampullary structures such as the crista ampullaris, eminentia cruciata, and the planum semilunatum; 2. identification of a tongue-like structure, the “lingula,” that is part of the eminentia cruciata; 3. the observation that the base of the eminentia is a projection of the crista ampullaris and not a structural partition; and 4. evidence that the lingulae, together with the torus, partition the crista into two separate regions. Additionally, an examination was made of the surface topography of non-sensory cells in the membranous ampulla.The morphology of the cells and gross ampullary structures observed with SEM are compared to those obtained using light microscopy and where advantageous, complimentary light photomicrographs are presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740304
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  • 24
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    In Vivo incorporation of choline-3H, leucine-3H and galactose-3H in alveolar type II pneumocytes in relation to surfactant synthesis. A quantitative radioautographic study in mouse by electron microscopySupported by grant, MA, 3086, from the Medical Research Council of Canada. The authors wish to thank Mrs. Gabrielle Guay for her technical assistance. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 289-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A quantitative time study of the incorporation of choline-3H, leucine-3H and galactose-3H in lung epithelial cells, was undertaken in vivo with electron microscopic autoradiography. Type II pneumocytes were selectively labeled with choline-3H, a specific precursor of phosphatidylcholine, which is the main component of pulmonary surfactant. Choline was initially localized in endoplasmic reticulum, then was rapidly transferred through the Golgi complex and stored in lamellar bodies. Previously undescribed small lamellar bodies are suggested as phospholipid carriers between Golgi complex and lamellar bodies. After initial incorporation in the endoplasmic reticulum, the leucine label migrated through the Golgi complex into lamellar bodies by fusion of multivesicular bodies, which are the carriers between the two structures. Galactose was modestly incorporated into lamellar bodies via the Golgi complex. Intra-alveolar myelin figures, recognized as excreted surfactant, were labeled 120 minutes after injection with the three precursors.These findings indicate that the synthesis of a secretory product by type II pneumocytes involves phospholipid, protein and polysaccharide precursors; the secretory product is segregated as lamellar bodies which are destined to be excreted into the alveolar cavity to become part of the lining layer.
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    The nuclear envelope: Its breakdown and fate in mammalian oogonia and oocytesThis study was supported by grants from the Ford Foundation and USPHS grants HD-03752, HD-24170, GM-15253 and GM-16598 from the National Institutes of Health. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 325-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The dissolution of the nuclear envelope (NE) has been studied ultrastructurally in mouse oocytes maturing in vitro. NE breakdown begins with the undulation of the nuclear envelope followed by the disappearance of nuclear pores. Subsequently, extensive NE convolutions, possibly caused by impinging microtubules, result in the apposition of adjacent NE segments, the appearance of breaks and the formation of NE doublets. Doublets may also be formed by the apposition of intranuclear cisternae to the inner leaflet of the NE. Nuclear envelope breakdown in mouse oocytes takes approximately three and one-half hours in vitro.The fate of the resulting nuclear envelope fragments has been followed in both mouse oocytes and human oogonia. In the mouse, NE doublets separate into individual cisternae, indistinguishable from endoplasmic reticulum, by the time of the first meiotic metaphase. A different fate for NE doublets is suggested in human oogonia which retain NE doublets throughout the division cycle. The nuclear envelope of the daughter cells reforms, at least in part, from NE doublets by separation of the apposed cisternae into single units and the re-establishment of chromosomal contact. Thus, at least some of the NE appears to be conserved in actively dividing human oogonia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740305
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    Transitional cells in the postnatal thyroid gland of the ratThis investigation was supported by a grant from the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 341-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In two and four-week old rats three types of follicles were observed: thyroid follicles made of follicular cells and C cells; ultimobranchial follicles (or cysts) and ducts composed of lumen-bordering cells and subjacent cells; mixed follicles lined by follicular cells on one side and by lumen-bordering cells on the other. Occasionally C cells were seen in the wall of mixed follicles. On their basal side the lumen-bordering cells of mixed follicles were in direct contact with the wall of ultimobranchial ducts or cysts. In the wall of these ducts transitional cells were observed. One type had ultrastructural features of subjacent cells (i.e., hemidesmosomes) and of lumen-bordering cells (i.e., pale cytoplasm and dispersed tonofilaments). Another type of transitional cell had hemidesmosomes and a deeply indented nucleus, like subjacent cells, but had accumulated slightly distended cisternae of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and was displaying long slender microvilli, which is typical of follicular cells. A third type of cells were called “young follicular cells.” They contained slightly distended cisternal profiles of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum collected in one corner of the cells and few apical vesicles. However, their cisternae were less abundant, less distended and had a more restricted distribution than those found in mature follicular cells. Hence the subjacent cells of ultimobran-chial ducts might possibly give rise to lumen-bordering cells and to some follicular cells. The latter are associated with the lumen-bordering cells in the formation of mixed follicles; at the beginning these new follicular cells seem less active than the mature follicular cells. The origin of C cells after birth is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740306
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  • 27
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    A three dimensional representation of the odontogenic epithelium of the rat incisor (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 389-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A three dimensional reconstruction of the basal end of the rat incisor, together with analytical data attesting to the reproducibility of the method is presented. The size and shape of the tooth varies little from animal to animal, while the sizes of the functional compartments are much less uniform.The odontogenic sheath is divided into three zones: Proliferation, differentiation and apposition. The proliferative zone is subdivided into two segments: The basal segment which gives rise to ameloblasts shows the highest cell production; an anterior segment located around the pulp opening which will give rise to the part of the tooth covered by cementum and has a much lower cell production.Total cell production can be obtained only in transverse sections, while mid-sagittal sections can serve only for comparative purposes.
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740401
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    The annulate lamellae of chick embryo liver cells in organ cultureWork supported by grants 11-7110A and 11-E026A from the Research Foundation of State University of New York and the USPHS General Research Support Fund. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 399-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cytoplasmic annulate lamellae are described as occurring in the cells of chick embryo liver during raft-type organ culture on Eagle's minimum essential medium. These transitory structures, prominent in the cells of early (5-day) embryonic liver during culture, were closely associated with the outer nuclear membrane and mitochondria, and were frequently continuous with portions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, annulate lamellae were not found in any cell examined during organ culture of older (11-day) embryonic liver. These observations, together with correlative enzymatic studies, are discussed with regard to the possible role of annulate lamellae in the differentiation of the liver cell, in the light of current hypotheses on the origin and function of these widely-occurring organelles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740311
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    A scanning electron microscopic study of the ependymal surface of the third ventricle of the rabbit, rat, mouse and human brainReported in part at the Eight-fifth Session of the American Association of Anatomists, April, 1972. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 407-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In all species studied, the upper two-thirds of the third ventricle is lined by ependymal cells with a profusion of long cilia that extend into the lumen. In the rabbit, rat, and mouse, an abrupt transition to a sparsely ciliated ependymal surface occurs along the lower one-third of the ventricular wall, at the level of the underlying ventromedial (VM) nucleus. Unique to the rat transition zone however, is a predominance of microvilli. In the human, a subtle transition to a sparsely ciliated ependymal surface occurs somewhat higher at about the level of the underlying dorsomedial (DM) nucleus. Along the upper expanse of the rabbit infundibular recess (IR) ciliary bundles are infrequent, although occasional solitary cilia are seen. The characteristic features of this region, however, are the non-ciliated ependymal cells with their many irregular bleb or microvilli-like surface protrusions. In contrast to the rabbit, the same region in the rat and mouse is distinguished by an irregular ependymal surface with stout bleb-like protrusions and many single cilia. Similarly in the human, cilia become progressively fewer toward the IR. Although the non-ciliated epen-dymal surface in this region resembles that of the rabbit, the surface blebs and microvilli-like protrusions are fewer in number and less prominent. The lateral walls of the third ventricle display a consistent regional variation in the morphology of the luminal ependymal surface in all species studied. Although it is not possible to establish unequivocally the nature or significance of these regional differences, the structural modifications of the ependymal surface in the region of the IR are entirely consistent with the secretory or absorptive function attributed to ependyma in this area.
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    Anatomical observations on the arterial supply to the lumbosacral spinal cord of the catSupported by USPHS grants NS 03019 and 01143. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 421-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pattern of arterial supply to the cat's lumbosacral spinal cord was examined in a dozen latex-injected specimens with a view to determining what precautions might be taken in the procedure of rhizotomy to minimize embarrassment of the cord's circulation. The single ventral spinal artery was found to receive on an average 4.1 significant radicular contributions, of which one or two arteries at the fourth or third lumbar levels on the left were invariably of especially large size. Equal numbers, about six to eight, of contributions to the two dorsolateral arterial trunks were present. Anastomotic channels greater than 50 m̈ in diameter were rather poorly developed between dorsolateral and ventral arterial channels, especially across the middorsum. The dorsal radicular artery in 82 of 97 roots examined was seen to pierce the ventral root in order to reach a position along the ventral aspect of the dorsal root. In most cases this penetration occurred central to the ganglion. The bearing of this feature on reported differences in behavioral effects from rhizotomy by intradural section and by ganglionectomy is discussed, as well as other aspects of the effect of rhizotomy on cord criculation.
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    The effects of hyperthyroidism on the fine structure of the zona fasciculata of the rat adrenal cortexThis research supported by NIH grants DHEW 5T01 GM 00459 and 2R01 NS 00690. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 451-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chronic hyperthyroidism was induced in radiothyroidectomized and surgically thyroidectomized adult male rats by feeding a diet of 0.3-0.4% desiccated thyroid for four to ten week periods. Short term hyperthyroidism was induced in intact rats by the intraperitoneal injection of 250 μg/day of sodium levothyroxine for ten days. Adrenal glands were fixed by perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. The zona fasciculata of the adrenal glands from experimental and control animals was examined in the electron microscope. Drastic mitochondrial alterations characterized the zona fasciculata of hyperthyroid rats. Initially, mitochondria became more nearly round and contained increased numbers of paracrystalline tubular inclusions of the type described by Kjaerheim ('67) and Wheatley ('68). In more altered states many mitochondria were filled with clusters of parallel tubular cristae of varying complexity which at times enveloped islands of mitochondrial matrix and fingers of cytoplasm which projected into the mitochondrion. Aggregations of numerous mitochondria occupied much of the cytoplasm of highly altered cells. Modifications of this nature have not been described following ACTH stimulation of the adrenal cortex. This raises the distinct possibility that thyroid effects on the adrenal cortex are not entirely ACTH mediated.
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    Identification and enzyme quantitation of the stages of the seminiferous epithelial wave in the ratSupported by grants from The National Research Council for Medical Sciences and from The Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, Finland. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 435-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Based on differences in light absorption the stages of the rat seminiferous epithelial wave were identified by a transillumination technique. The most marked difference was encountered in the boundary between stages VIII and IX where the mature spermatozoa are released into the tubular lumen. Other characteristic transitions were observed between stages VI and VII as well as stages XII and XIII. All stages could be divided into four major, easily recognizable zones. Within the zones the stages could be identified with an accuracy of ± 1 stage. The characteristic changes take place in the tubular center and are due to the development of the acrosome in the spermatid. The acrosome appears to contain material with a strong light absorption capacity.Based on these observations a method was developed to isolate identified fragments of the rat seminiferous tubule in native condition. These fragments were used to quantify the activity of three previously described enzymes: specific tubular acid phosphatase III and IV as well as aminopeptidase III.The tubular acid phosphatase IV showed a high activity in stages corresponding to the final maturation process of the spermatid, whereas acid phosphatase III was evenly active in the different stages. Also aminopeptidase III showed a peak of activity during stages V-VII coincident with that of acid phosphatase IV, The possible role of these enzymes in the morphological maturation of spermatid and the destruction of the residual body is discussed.
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    Histologic and histochemical evidence concerning the presence of morphologically distinct cellular zones within the rabbit atrioventricular node (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 7-23 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The rabbit atrioventricular nodal region has been studied using a method of tissue preparation allowing direct comparison of adjacent sections processed by histological and histochemical techniques. By this means, specialized cardiac tissue is found to occupy the region defined electrophysiologically as the atrioventricular node. This region is more extensive than that previously defined by light microscopy. Within this region three types of cell are distinguishable; transitional cells, and upper and lower nodal cells. The last are continuous with and identical to the cells of the atrioventricular bundle. The cell types also exhibit differences in their pattern of innervation. The significance of these cellular zones and their associated nerves is discussed with reference to previous electrophysiological findings and the mechanism of nodal delay.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730102
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    Response of hamster thyroid light cells to plasma calciumSupported in part by College of Medicine Grant 2-46-3310-3.02and Graduate College grant 2-41-33-10- 3-13of the Universitv of Illinois at the Medical Center. Chicago, Illinois. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 25-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Light cells in the hamster thyroid gland were examined by electron microscopy and histochemical methods in control, hypercalcemic and hypocalcemic animals. Elevation of plasma calcium levels stimulated a marked depletion of light cell granules as detected by electron microscopy and silver impregnation. In the hypercalcemic state the size and number of light cells did not differ from that of control animals. Hypocalcemic hamsters showed a significant increase in light cell numbers with marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of this cell type. These observations support the view that the light cell in the hamster thyroid is associated with thyrocalcitonin secretion.
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    The nuclear envelope in guinea pig spermiogenesis (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In early stages of flagellar development the nuclear envelope on either side of the implantation fossa develops numerous pores. With condensation of the nucleus the envelope becomes excessive and these annulated portions of the envelope are reflected off the surface of the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the neck. The evaginated nuclear membranes enclose a residual mass of nucleoplasm which remains after the rest of the nucleus has polymerized, indicating either a storage of previously synthesized substances or a reserve of metabolically active nucleoplasm which may serve for the continued development of flagellar structures. A portion of the evaginated envelope is differentiated from the rest in lacking annuli and having a consistent 150 Å-200ÅA cisternal space. This unannulated section differentiates in association with the adjunct of the proximal centriole and eventually surrounds the terminal end of the adjunct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Abnormal sex cord formation and an intratesticular adrenal cortical nodule in a human fetusSupported by USPHS grant HD-03752 (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 57-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A combination of two developmental abnormalities never described before, a nodule of adrenal cortical tissue and some severely stunted sex cords, in the right testis of a four-month-old human fetus are described in detail. In the left testis a few abnormal cords were found but no adrenal tissue was seen. The possible origin of the abnormalities is discussed. It is suggested on circumstantial evidence that the ectopic adrenal cortex migrated into the testis near the end of the period during which the pattern of sex cords becomes established (around day 40 ?) and began exerting an inhibiting influence on the development of the sex cords as soon as endocrine function began, probably somewhat before the end of the third month. This influence probably did not last long.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730105
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    The development of the periodontium: The origin of alveolar bone (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: First molar tooth germs consisting of dental organ, dental papilla and dental follicle were dissected from one-day old mice and transplanted subcutaneously into young adult animals of the same strain. Three to four weeks after implantation the host animals were sacrificed and the transplants harvested. The transplants were prepared for either routine histological examination or for electron microscopy. Forty tooth germs continued development with the formation of a periodontium consisting of cement, periodontal ligament and bone. Electron microscopical examination of this material demonstrated the presence of lymphocytes in association with the subcutaneous bone and thereby suggested the origin of the bone from donor tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730106
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  • 39
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    Follicular histology and physiological correlates in the preovulatory hamster (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 95-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The surge in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) in the proestrous hamster begins at 1430 (Turgeon and Greenwald, '72) and this is followed by a sharp increase in follicular and interstitially derived progesterone at 1500 (Norman and Greenwald, '71). The purpose of the present study was to relate various histologic events in the ovary of the preovulatory hamster to these physiological changes, dating from the LH increase between 1430 and 1500. The earliest maturational changes in the oocyte occurred at 1600 as the nuclear membrane began to disappear, correlating with an increase in the number of pycnotic nuclei in the surrounding cumulus cells and an abrupt reduction in mitotic activity in the membrana granulosa. It is possible that the latter event is related to increased progesterone secretion by the follicle at 1500. The most rapid increase in follicular diameter occurred between 2000 and 2200 - five to seven hours after the LH surge and was accompanied by a pronounced stromal edema especially of the medullary portion of the ovary. During this same time period, meiosis proceeded to the metaphase stage and the cumulus cells began to disperse to form the corona radiata. Of the eight hours required for the first meiotic division, four to six hours are spent in metaphase. The majority of animals (75%) ovulated by 0100 and all animals ovulated by 0200. Therefore, ovulation occurred 10 to 11 hours after the LH surge at 1500.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    Expansion of placental site and maternal blood supply of primate placentas (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 189-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Development of placental site and uteroplacental arteries was studied in Tarsiidae, Ceboidea, Cercopithecoidea, and Hominoidea. In Tarsiidae the placental attachment and single artery remain essentially unchanged from early on, and the placenta grows beyond the original site in the shape of a button. In Tarsiidae and Ceboidea maternal arteries and their branches are incorporated in the placenta and their wall is replaced later by a layer of fibrin, Ceboidea have several arteries in the original placental site; this site is enlarged including additional arteries by ingrowth of villi from the chorion in an area surrounding the original site. Further growth is by centrifugal spread; the basal endometrium is stretched and no new arteries are tapped. In Cercopithecoidea the placenta has a sharp border from early on. Spread with stretching of the underlying endometrium occurs here, too. Additional arteries running in this stretched endometrium are secondarily tapped and increase the total number. The disc of Hominoidea, remaining after formation of the chorion laeve, also stretches the underlying decidua, but then trophoblast pervades much of it until it taps arteries in a much larger area than in the other forms.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730208
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    Causes of the zonal distribution of glycogen in the liver acinus after a fat-rich diet. I. Glycogen deposition in the acini of rat livers during ‘normal’ ‘reversed’ perfusion (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 325-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Different acinar glycogen patterns are observed in rat liver after different diets. Experiments were carried out to determine if these patterns depend on the concentration of blood glucose in the various zones of the acinus or on the direction of the blood flow. It is possible to investigate this problem by reversal of blood flow in a perfusion apparatus. Livers were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution, the same volume of bovine erythrocytes, and 379 mg% glucose, 2.5% albumin and different quantities of heparin. Perfusion in the normal direction is possible through the vena porta and in the reversed direction by perfusing through the vena cava. The reported results show that glycogen localization depends on the acinar enzyme pattern for glycogen synthesis rather than the direction of blood flow.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730307
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    Possible division of cardiac mitochondria (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 309-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Numerous examples of partitioned mitochondria were present in cardiac muscle cells of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and canaries. The partitions, which usually bisected the mitochondria, consisted of two parallel membranes in direct continuity with the inner mitochondrial membrane. Some of these mitochondria showed varying degrees of constriction at the level of the partitions. In many partitioned organelles, the two sets of cristae on opposite sides of the septum were positioned at right angles to one another, so that if one set was seen in profile, the other appeared en face. This arrangement of cristae simplified the detection of partitioned mitochondria even at low magnifications.The number of mitochondria and the frequency of occurrence of partitioned mitochondria were considerably enhanced in heart muscle cells of some weanling mice by feeding them the copper-chelating agent, cuprizone. The mitochondria, both with and without partitions, were identical to those in untreated animals. Based on this and other experimental evidence, and by analogy with other organs, notably mammalian liver and insect fat body, it was concluded that partitioned cardiac mitochondria are in fact dividing.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730306
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    The anterior buccal gland of the Rat: A mucous salivary gland which develops as a branch of stensen's duct (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Examination of serial histologic sections of the head and neck regions of rats at selected age intervals from 14 days in utero to 100 days postnatally revealed that at 16 days in utero, a second salivary gland arises from the rudimentary parotid (Stensen's) duct. This gland develops more rapidly than the parotid gland; its acini are essentially mature prior to weaning, preceding parotid acini in this respect by several days. All cells of the secretory units of the mature gland stain positively with both alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff, indicating that the gland is of pure mucous type. The body of the gland occupies a space lateral and mostly superior to the maxillary buccal sulcus, nestled beneath the anterior bulge of the masseter muscle, near the point where the buccal and mandibular marginal branches of the facial nerve cross paths. It is the only salivary gland in the buccal wall anterior to the third molar; hence, the proposed name of anterior buccal gland. These observations suggest: (1) Samples of rat parotid saliva collected proximally and distally to the junction of the ducts of the parotid and anterior buccal glands are likely to differ significantly in the quality and quantity of mucosubstances which they contain. (2) The divergent differentiation of two branches of the same glandular primordium in this instance implies differences in the inductive qualities of their respective mesenchymal beds.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    The trigeminal nerve in the baboonSupported by National Institutes of Heatlh grant FR-5376 and the Edward G. Schlieder Educational Foundation (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 511-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The definitive course, relations, branches and communications of the extramedullary part of the trigeminal nerve in baboons are described and illustrated. The nerve was dissected in five animals and the location of all related parasympathetic ganglia was verified microscopically. Variable branching patterns were observed in some areas of the nerve field. Comparisons are made with other primates including man.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720305
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    The nature of endochondral ossification in the mandibular condyle of the mouse (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 659-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Through the application of histological and histochemical techniques, this study demonstrates that the ossification process of the mandibular condyle differs basically from that of other endochondral growth sites. In the epiphyseal plate of a typical long bone, the cartilage cells are known to undergo degenerative processes and death. In the mandibular condyle, however, the cartilage cells keep their vitality throughout the cartilage zones. In the lower border of the calcified cartilage, adjacent hypertrophic cartilage cells fuse after the dissolution of the intervening matrix to form multinuclear chondroclasts. These giant cells reveal marked positive reaction to mitochondrial and lysosomal enzymes. It is suggested that these enzymes are active in the resorption process of the calcified cartilage matrix, which is an integral phase of the ossification mechanism of the condylar growth center. It is believed that the mandibular condyle of the mouse demonstrates a specific type of endochondral ossification, in which the hypertrophic chondrocytes are not dying cells, but contribute actively to the process of bone formation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720406
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    Structural changes in the proximal tubule of kidneys from hypophysectomized rats (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 265-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study was undertaken to determine what structural changes hypophysectomy would cause in the rat kidney. Proximal convoluted tubule cells from hypophysectomized rats were smaller and their length was decreased when compared to kidneys from control animals of approximately the same weight as the hypophysectomized animals. Electron microscopic observation of the kidneys from the hypophysectomized rats revealed that the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules had (1) an increase in size and number of dense bodies (type II cytosome); (2) a decrease in smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER); (3) a decrease in basilar infoldings; (4) an increase in the frequency of mitochondria cristae aligned in their longitudinal axis and (5) a change in the character of the profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) related to microbodies (type I cytosome) from a vesicular to tubular arrangement. The changes noted in the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules of hypophysectomized rats were similar to previously described changes observed in tubular atrophy.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740211
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    The fine structure of subarachnoid macrophages in the ratThis study was supported by grant NS 09363, United States Public Health Service. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 469-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Macrophages associated with the subarachnoid space have fine structural characteristics which distinguish them from macrophages found elsewhere. The specific location of a macrophage in this area influences its morphology. Macrophages found in the subarachnoid space characteristically have a highly vacuolated cytoplasm. When cells of the pia mater separate the macro-phage from the subarachnoid space, the extreme vacuolization is not present and a more compact cytoplasm prevails. Frequently macrophages found in the median longitudinal fissure contain compound reticulated inclusions. Extracellular bodies resembling compound reticulated inclusions have been observed.The presence of lobulated nuclei, lysosome-like inclusions, phagosomes, and other characteristics of these cells is reported. The possible origin and function of subarachnoid space macrophages is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740406
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    Cartilage canals, their morphology and distributionSubmitted as Journal Paper 4527, Purdue Agricultural Experiment Station, Lafayette, Indiana. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 79-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The proximal humeral chondroepiphysis of newborn pups was shown to be well-vascularized by a series of segmentally distributed cartilage canals which varied from short unbranched channels to channels which coursed half-way across the epiphysis. Cartilage canals were observed to contain a muscular arteriole, venule, loose connective tissue and perivascular capillaries. The muscular arterioles originated from the dense perichondrial vascular network at regular intervals, coursed in the central portion of the cartilage canal, and terminated by dividing into a capillary glomerulus in the cartilaginous matrix.These glomeruli were observed to assume a wide variety of sizes and shapes reflecting the metabolic needs of the areas they served. The capillaries of the glomerulus recombined into a single venule which rejoined the perichondrium via the same channel as the parent arteriole. The loose connective tissue surrounding these vessels was rich in fibroblasts and macrophages and was continuous with that of the perichondrium.From the structural relationship of the cartilage canals and the articular surface, it was concluded that at birth the synovial fluid had little nutritional significance for the epiphysis, but with age the nutritional contribution from the synovial fluid became more important.The particular arrangement of the venule and the perivascular capillaries allowed for metabolic exchange the entire length of the canal. Structures which appeared to be unmyelinated nerves and structures which contained a flocculent material and resembled lymphatics were seen in the connective tissue of the cartilage canals.
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    On the expulsion of the erythroid nucleus and its phagocytosis (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopical examination of thin sections of guinea pig and rabbit bone marrow indicates that nuclei of their normoblasts undergo constriction during their expulsion.Late erythroblasts in bone marrow of adult rabbits and guinea pigs were often seen surrounded by cytoplasmic protrusions of macrophages. No such contact was observed between macrophages and erythroblasts that were expelling their nuclei in the lumen of blood sinuses of rabbit bone marrow. It is concluded that macrophages are not necessary for nuclear expulsion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730111
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    Electromyography of sartorius muscle (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sartorius muscle of ten normal subjects was studied by elec-tromyography. It is most active during flexion of the hip and only slightly active during lateral rotation and abduction of the hip. The muscle is usually more active during knee flexion than during extension, but this is not universal. Apparently in some persons it plays a role in knee extension in addition to its knee flexion action, depending on knee position and variations in insertion. Sartorius appears to be a regulator in hip flexion and lateral rotation during the swing phase of gait.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730201
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    Adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals in the rat parotid gland. Electron microscopic observations on permanganate-fixed glands (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The innervation of the acinar cells of the rat parotid gland was studied using potassium permanganate fixation. Adrenergic terminals, characterized by the presence of small granular vesicles, and cholinergic terminals, containing small agranular vesicles, made close contact with the acinar cells. Both adrenergic and cholinergic terminals were observed in contact with the same cell, and subsurface cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum were found in relation to the contact areas of both types of endings. In addition, both adrenergic and cholinergic axons were found within the same Schwann cell sheath in the connective tissue spaces.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730202
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    Glycogen in the liver during starvation: A histochemical and biochemical investigation (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During a carbohydrate-rich diet the liver contains a large amount of evenly distributed glycogen. During a fat-rich diet glycogen is located mainly in zone 1 of the liver acinus. These results suggest that different acinar enzyme patterns can be induced by different diets. The acinar glycogen patterns remain unchanged during prolonged starvation.The curve of glycogen percentage vs. starvation time has the same general shape as the curve representing the changes in resistance during the general-adaptation-syndrome.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730203
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    Presence of fenestrated capillaries in the skin (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Capillaries of the skin have been thought to be of a nonfenestrated type according to studies of previous investigators. However, the present study revealed that fenestrations exist in the endothelium of cutaneous vessels. Capillary fenestrations are numerous in the human finger and the mouse sole and are moderately frequent in the guinea pig sole and ear. In the skin of the human chest, however, they are rarely encountered. Sometimes, endothelial fenestrations are encountered in venules as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730210
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    DNA replication and cell division in the hamster uterusPortion of a thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Illinois at the Medical Center in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Anatomy.Supported by N.I.H. Predoctoral Fellowship 1 Fo1 GM44693-01. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cell renewal in specific uterine tissues was studied by autoradiography in thymidine treated and thymidine, colchicine treated hamsters. All cell types were found to replicate DNA and to divide during the estrous cycle. However, tissue types differed in the extent of cell renewal and in the time during the cycle when maximal turnover occurred. Peak DNA replication by uterine epithelium, the most active tissue, occurred during the afternoon of the second day of diestrus. Connective tissue was the second most active cell type in DNA renewal; while connective tissue cells of the myometrium incorporated thymidine at a rather constant level throughout the cycle, those of the endometrium (stroma) fluctuated during the estrous cycle with peak labeling activity being found during the morning of the second day of diestrus. A few smooth muscle cells replicated DNA during proestrus but no labeled muscle cells were observed during the other stages of the cycle.The extent of renewal of the different cell types in the hamster uterus during the estrous cycle is greater than that which has been reported in the rat. This difference may be due to timing of necropsy rather than to a species variation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730213
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    Daily variation in 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat spleen and the effect of stimuli on the rhythmThis work was supported, in part, by Public Health Senrice grants AM12389 and NS-08929 and by NSF B82530R. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 257-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fluorometric measurements were made of 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in spleens obtained from separate subgroups of adult male rats killed at two-hourly intervals over four separate 24-hour time spans. For three weeks prior to obtaining tissue, all rats were standardized carefully and were subjected to 12 hours of light (0600-1800) followed by 12 hours of darkness. Analyses showed in each study very significant fluctuation over the 24-hour time scale; the range of change over this period was as great as 131%. The phasing of the rhythms, in spite of the rigid environmental synchronization, was not similar in any of the four studies. Possible explanations for this unexpected desynchronization are discussed. Spleen weights also fluctuated with a significant 24-hour circadian frequency.In addition, the rhythm characterizing this amine was described in female rats as well as the effect of different stimuli on the same rhythm. These stimuli were ether, immobilization and a ‘novelty’ situation; and all three significantly increased the levels of 5-HT in spleen when the overall 24-hour mean values of each experimental group were compared with controls. However, in all cases there were discrete time points when significant differences in 5-HT levels could not be obtained with any of the stimuli. This study demonstrates that the effect of the stimuli used depends on the phase of the rat's circadian system during which it was applied. The necessity of considering the natural rhythmic fluctuation in any investigation evaluating this biogenic amine in spleen is demonstrated.
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    Transmission of an ‘osteogenic message’ through intact bone after woundingThis investigation was supported by grant MA38(1)3 to A.H.M. and by an Undergraduate Summer StLdent Scholarship to G.E.A., both awarded by the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 265-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Wounds ˜ 1 mm wide were made in the middle third of the spine in both scapulae of 25 middle-aged Wistar-strain rats weighing ˜ 500 gm. Wounding of the body of the scapula was avoided. Some of the animals were injected with tetracycline, and sections from their scapulae were viewed in ultraviolet light. After one or more weeks of healing, bony callus was deposited on the dorsal surface of the blade of the scapulae in the vicinity of the wounds. Discrete deposits of bony callus were also deposited on the corresponding costal surface of the blade of the scapulae. These deposits, which were in no way connected with those on the dorsal surface, did not exhibit continuity with the wound in the spine. This observation has been interpreted as suggesting the passage of an ‘osteogenic message,’ whose nature can only be guessed, from the vicinity of the wound on the dorsal surface of the scapula to the corresponding costal surface. Lacunae of osteocytes in the scapulae, lying deep to periosteal and endosteal callus, fluoresced. This suggests that these osteocytes were activated by the trauma, and deposited mineral salts on the walls of their lacunae.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730303
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    Alterations in the fine structure of the rat epididymis after vasectomySupported by contracts (69-2104 and 71-2506) with the Natinal Institute of Child Health. and Human Development. Portions of the work carrled out at the University of Colorado were also supported by Program Project HD-02282 of the National Institutes of Health, Health Sciences Advancement Award (FR06084) from the National Institutes of Health, and a Research Career Development Award from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 277-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the epldidymal epithelium of the rat was studied at intervals up to nine months after bilateral vasectomy, unilateral vasectomy, or a bilateral sham operation. Membranous material accumulated in the cytoplasm of the ‘light’ cells of the cauda epididymidis in greater amounts after bilateral vasectomy than following a sham operation. The membranes were found in apical vacuoles, in moderately dense membrane-bounded bodies in the mid-region of the cells, and, most prominently, in large infranuclear masses. These large infranuclear membranous masses had a polymorphic interior composed of granules and amorphous material as well as membranes, and thus morphologically resembled large lysosomes or residual bodies. In some instances readily dentifiable parts of sperm were found in apical vacuoles of epithelial cells after vasectomy. It is suggested that these changes may reflect the absorption of parts of sperm by the epithelium of the cauda epididymidis after vasectomy. The nature of the ‘light’ cells is discussed, and the results are compared with alterations in other species after vasectomy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730304
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    A reexamination of motility patterns of rat epididymal spermatozoaSupported in part by contract NIH-69-2107 from the Center of Population Studies of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Developmentand by grant 710-0036 from the Ford Foundation. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 301-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The swimming motion of rat epididymal spermatozoa was reexamined using high speed cinematography. Sperm were filmed at 100 frames per second and viewed at a reduced speed for detailed study. The flagella of spermatozoa from the caput epididymidis exhibit a rigid curved middle piece proximal to the cytoplasmic droplet and a flexible portion distal to the droplet. Bending waves begin at the caudal end of the immobile middle piece and propagate distally. The large majority of sperm from this region of the epididymis swim in a circular fashion, clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on the orientation of the curved midpiece. A few spermatozoa, however, manage to achieve a form of forward progression by alternation of the direction of curvature of their inflexible anterior segment. Spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis swim progressively forward and rotate frequently about their axis of progression. Propagated waves of bending arise in the neck region and involve the midpiece as well as the more distal segments of the tail. The changing pattern of motility of sperm as they mature in the epididymis is consistent with the hypothesis, suggested by others, that the components of motility may develop independently and sequentially and further suggests that the site of initiation of bending waves is not limited to the centriole.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730305
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    A comparison of a systematic sampling method with complete random sampling for estimating total numbers of nerve fibers (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 495-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper considers the sampling precision of a systematic sampling method for estimating total number of nerve fibers exposed on cross section of a nerve trunk. The mean square error (MSE) associated with systematically selecting every Kth grid square (traversing the section in a serpentine pattern) was determined in each of nine nerve fiber populations and compared to the MSE obtained using a completely random selection of grid squares.For both sampling methods sampling errors of approximately 10% could be achieved by counting in 10% (K = 10) of the available grid squares. To reduce the MSE to 5% or less necessitated, for both methods, counting approximately 50% (K = 2) of the cross sectional area.Although the results of this investigation are based on the study of but one class of nerve fiber population (cervical sympathetic nerve trunks), the authors believe that certain of the results will have practical application in similar quantitative studies. More important, it is hoped that this study will motivate further investigations into the precision of sampling methods currently employed (and others which may be proposed) in the quantitative study of the nervous system.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740408
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    Fine structure of sinusoids and portal capillaries in the liver of the adult sheep and the newborn lamb (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 57-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In adult sheep, the hepatic sinusoids have an endothelial lining with numerous gaps and fenestrae and are surrounded by a complete basal lamina. In newborn lambs, the sinusoids have a relatively thick endothelium with fewer gaps, and the space of Disse contains a partially formed endothelial basal lamina. In both adult sheep and lambs, perisinusoidal cells appear to form a network around the sinusoid. In portal areas, the endothelium of the smaller capillaries is fenestrated, but the larger capillaries have unfenestrated walls and are enmeshed in processes of pericytes. Projections of endothelial cells partially or completely occlude the lumen of some portal capillaries, and of a large majority of sinusoids scattered throughout the lobule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720106
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    Effects of x-irradiation on lens regeneration in adult Triturus viridescensThis investigtion was supported by institutional grants IN-85 from the AMerican Cancer Society and RR-05423 from the U. S. Public Health Service. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lens regeneration was inhibited in adult Triturus v. with 1500 r of x-irradiation. Implants of irradiated or unirradiated segments of dorsal iris were then implanted into either irradiated or unirradiated eyes. When irradiated eyes received irradiated implants, only minor degrees of lens regeneration were seen from host and implant. Unirradiated eyes receiving unirradiated implants often formed two normal lenses, one from the host and one from the implant. Irradiated eyes receiving unirradiated implants usually formed one normal regenerate arising from the implant. Unirradiated eyes receiving irradiated implants usually formed only one normal regenerate, originating from the host. The results indicate that inhibition of lens regeneration by x-irradiation is due to effects solely on the iris, and that unirradiated neural retina, under the experimental conditions used, does not stimulate recovery of the regenerative ability of an irradiated iris. These results are discussed in relation to the question of neural-tissue-mediated recovery of regeneration systems from x-irradiation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720105
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    Ultrastructural studies on elastic fibers using enzymatic digestion of thin sectionsSupported by Public Health Service grant GM-114. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 71-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The enzymes elastase, chymotrypsin, pepsin, pronase, hyaluronidase, and collagenase were utilized on thin Epon sections to obtain further information on the nature of elastic fibers. Results showed that the central amorphous material was selectively removed by elastase and after hydrogen peroxide pretreatment it also was removed by chymotrypsin, pepsin and pronase. None of the enzymes removed the peripheral microfibrils, but pepsin did accentuate the density and periodic beading of these structures. The failure of proteases to remove the microfibrils under these conditions is discussed.
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    The survival and differentiation of embryonic lung tissues in diffusion chambers and in mammary fat pads of miceMost of this study was performed during a postdoctoral tenure in the laboratory of Dr. Richmond T. Prehn at the Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The work was supported in part by USPHS grants, CA-08856, CA-06927 and FR-05539, Society and by an appropriation from the Common-wealth of Pennsylvania. The author was supported by USPHS Training grant 5 T01 CA-5097.The skilled technical assistance of Miss Sylvia Couch is acknowledged. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The culturing of lung tissues in diffusion chambers in vivo has failed to support epithelial elements. The transplantation of lung rudiments into mammary fat pads of mice, however, has allowed long term culture (11 months) with complete differentiation of the explants.
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    A radiographic and histologic study of bone in the active and hibernating bat (Myotis lucifugus)Presented in part at the 1971 American Association of University Radiologists Annual Meeting held in Durham, North Carolina. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A radiographic and histologic study of bat bones showed that there is a progressive loss of bone tissue during hibernation and abrupt reversal at arousal. Enhanced osteolysis accounted for the bone loss; osteoclasia was not observed.
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    Deep splenic lymphatics in the marmot: An electron microscopic studyThis work was supported by PHS grant 5 R01 AM11381-10. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 197-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Deep splenic lymphatics, studied in five marmots, entwine major arteries of white pulp. Lymphatics vary in prominence from spleen to spleen and within a spleen.These lymphatics constitute efferent channels likely draining splenic fluid flowing within the spleen counter-current to blood.The endothelium is irregular, thin and imperforate, beset with vacuoles and containing filaments. Its hyaloplasm is light or dark. Flap-like inter-endothelial cell junctions without membranous specializations are typical. Endothelial cells richly interdigitate with one another resulting in extensive, closely-spaced intercellular junctions. Long endothelial processes extend into subjacent connective tissue.The lymphatics lie in an extracellular ground substance, continuous with that surrounding arteries and with the fibrous reticulum of white pulp. Filaments, about 100 Å in width, lie in the ground substance close upon the basal endothelial surface. The filaments appear to attach to the endothelium and run out into surrounding collagenous fibers. The collagen is abundant, occurring in thick layers around lymphatics and extending, with the ground substance, into the white pulp.Macrophages, replete with phagosomes, surround lymphatic vessels and extend processes toward them, penetrating the peri-lymphatic connective tissue. Erythrocytes lie outside these vessels and within their lumen. Sheets of plasma cells may surround the lymphatics. Lymphocytes, in large number, are present around the lymphatics, cross their wall between endothelial cells, and lie in their lumen.
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    American Association of Anatomists eight fifth session (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 253-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720209
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    Neuro-epithelial bodies (neuroreceptor or Secretory Organs?) in Human Infant Bronchial and Bronchiolar Epithelium (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 471-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tissue sections of 15 lungs from human infants were taken immediately after death. In each case, routine staining methods and Jabonero's silver impregnation, modified by Van Campenhout, were performed. Cathecholamines were traced according to Falck's method. Each of these techniques revealed in the bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa spherical to ovoid groups of cells, which are distinct, from the surrounding epithelium by their light optical and their histochemical properties and which have been named “Neuroepithelial Bodies.”The Neuroepithelial Body bulges into the corium and is built up of cells with a clear cytoplasm and a rounded nucleus. Its apical part protrudes into the bronchial and bronchiolar lumen mostly above the level of the ciliated cell lining and consists of small non-ciliated cuboidal cells. After silver impregnation, they display a granular silver deposit, especially in the basal cells and appear to be innervated. The technique of Falck reveals a white to yellow fluorescence, especially in the basal area where also the argyrophilia is most marked.The functions of these corpuscular, argyrophilic, innervated and fluorescent bronchial and bronchiolar Neuroepithelial Bodies remain unsettled. Though a separate entity, they seem to be related to the recently reported bronchial Argyrophil, Fluorescent and Granulated AFG (peptide and amine producing?) cells. They might be involved in mucosal bronchial and bronchiolar neurosecretory processes; most probably, however, they are chemo-, stretch-, and/or tactile neuro-receptor organs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720301
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    Light and electron microscopic studies on the gastrointestinal tract of the suckling echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 603-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The stomach of the suckling echidna is lined by a tall columnar epithelium that is bounded basally by a delicate basement membrane. Adjacent cells are held in close apposition by tight junctions near the apex and by extensive implications of the remaining lateral surfaces. The basal cell surface is smooth and without apparent specialization. The lining epithelium is characterized by an abundance of mitochondria and a relative paucity of other organelles. Scattered argentaffin cells extend between the bases of the gastric lining cells and rest upon the luminal side of the basement membrane.Absorptive cells lining the small intestine of the suckling echidna exhibit in-vaginations of the apical plasma membrane which branch and anastomose, forming a dense network of tubules in the apical cytoplasm. Adjacent to this network is a series of small vacuoles of varying diameters which come into direct relation with a single, large, supranuclear vacuole. The vacuolar system contains both a fine granular substance and clusters of a flocculent amorphous material thought to be of a proteinaceous nature. The surrounding cytoplasm contains numerous profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, several Golgi systems, and a relative abundance of mitochondria. Clusters of homogeneous droplets are found in the cytoplasm and in the intercellular space.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720402
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    Studies of human adipose tissue in culture I. Incorporation of glucose and release of glycerol (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 597-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Explants of human adipose tissue were incubated in Parker's medium 199 and the rates of glucose incorporation into the lipids and release of glycerol determined. Both of these parameters increased in a linear fashion for about seven to eight days. After this period of time there was a decrease in the metabolic rates of explants with a mean cell size larger than about 90-95 μm. The incorporation of glucose into the lipids was mainly recovered in the glycerol moiety of the triglycerides. Cellular enlargement was associated with an increase in glucose incorporation as well as glycerol release, i.e., an increased turnover of the glyceride-glycerol. Addition of insulin increased the incorporation of label into the lipids. The stimulatory effect of a single dose of insulin was pronounced for two days and was only slightly discernible after 14 days. Addition of the enzyme inhibitor iodoacetate at a concentration of 10-4 M reduced the incorporation of glucose to about 5% of the controls. The method of tissue culture used in the present investigation may be a useful tool for metabolic as well as morphologic studies of human adipose tissue in vitro.
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    Endocrine-like cells in human fetal lungs: An electron microscopic studySupported by The Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation and The Canadian Cystic Fibro- sis Foundation and The Memcal Research Council of Canada. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study of primitive bronchial epithelium in human fetuses revealed cells of distinctive ultrastructural appearance. These cells contained cytoplasmic granules similar to neurosecretory-type granules and are termed fetal Kultschitzky-type cells (K-type cells) of lung. The fetal K-type cells appear similar to certain cells in mature lungs and in other tissues that have an endocrine function. The advanced cytoplasmic differentiation and large numbers of K-type cells in early stages of fetal development suggests that these cells might also have an important, probably endocrine function.
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    The development of the folia in the human cerebellar vermisSupported in part by training grant 2-101-NB-05231 in Neuropathology from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, US. Public Health Service, and by the Natlonal Foundatlon-March of Dimes. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 109-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The development of the folial patterns of the human cerebellar vermis has been studied in 44 mid sagittal sections of fetuses (14 weeks gestational age to term), infants (one to three months) and adults. The differentiation of each of the lobules of the vermis has been plotted as a function of age. The gestational age at which each lobule has attained half the adult average number of folia has been determined and varies between 24 and 37 weeks; the more anterior and posterior vermian lobules reach this half-way point first even though the largest lobules (culmen, declive and pyramis) form more folia per unit time. Thus, different criteria may be used to evaluate growth rates and yield different conclusions concerning the validity of the concept that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny. The adult numbers of folia are not attained until more than two months after birth. The normative data reported in this study provide a baseline for comparison with other species or with abnormal developmental patterns in autopsy specimens of any fetal or post-natal age.
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    Support of normal salivary gland morphogenesis by mesenchyme derived from accessory sexual glands of embryonic miceAided in part by USPHS Traineeship GM-94-11. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mesenchymal specificity of epithelium from the submandibular salivary gland of embryonic mice was re-investigated employing standard epithelio-mesenchymal separation and recombination techniques. For this purpose, tissue recombinants were constructed with epithelium and mesenchyme of the submandibular salivary gland and the seminal vesicle, preputial gland, and urogenital sinus. Salivary glands were dissected from 13-day and the accessory sexual glands from 13- to 19-day old embryos. Tissue recombinants were grown for two to three weeks in the anterior chamber of the eye of adult male hosts.Mesenchyme from accessory sexual glands supported the growth, branching, and differentiation of epithelium from the salivary gland. After three weeks of intraocular growth, most of these heterotypic recombinants were indistinguishable from intraocular grafts of this gland. However, recombinants constructed with mesenchyme from the urogenital sinus or preputial gland exhibited an age dependent developmental response. Mesenchyme from 15- to 16-day old embryos supported normal morphogenesis of the salivary gland, whereas atypical epithelial differentiation occurred when 13- or 14-day old mesenchyme was employed. On the other hand, the reciprocal recombinants composed of mesenchyme from the salivary gland and epithelium derived from accessory sexual glands resulted in abortive epithelial differentiation regardless of the age of the tissues. These results suggest that the mesenchymal specificity of epithelium from the salivary gland may be related to the morphogenetic sensitivity of the heterotypic mesenchyme to androgens.
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    Variation in the silver staining of the Golgi complex along the epithelium of the intestinal villi in the adult ratThis work was supported by a grant of the Medical Research Council of Canada to the second author. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A light microscopic study was carried out on the Golgi complex of the absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine of adult male rats. Silver impregnation methods (Da Fano's, Aoyama's, and Elftman's) were used. Deposits of silver in the Golgi complex were heaviest in the lower half of the villi. Thereafter, a progressive diminution in the reaction occurred. In the uppermost quarter of the villus no reaction was visible. Villi of the duodenum, midgut, and terminal ileum all exhibited this phenomenon regardless of variations in fixation method, concentration and pH of the silver solutions, exposure time to the silver solutions, and various dietary regimens (high fat, no fat, and starvation). The change observed in the silver reaction of the Golgi complex probably reflects a structural or functional change of this organelle as the absorptive epithelial cells migrate along the villi toward the extrusion zones.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730211
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    The cytoarchitecture of normal mouse lens epitheliumThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research grant 7 R01 EY00698-01 from the National Eye Institute. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 225-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The lens epithelium of 30 gm male albino CF1 mice was characterized by determining the area dimensions and the mitotic rate of the total and of the several different regions of whole-mount preparations. A ring of nonpigmented iris cells is found to adhere to the outer surface of the lens cuticle, which serves to delineate an inner central zone from an outer peripheral zone of the epithelium. A high number of dividing cells in the peripheral area, especially immediately adjacent to the meridional rows, but including the area overlain by the iridial fringe of cells, identifies this wide region as the proliferative zone. The mitotic rate, furthermore, undergoes marked diurnal variation, rising in the late evening through the early morning hours and diminishing during the late morning and afternoon hours.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730212
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    Effects of estrogen on the transition zone of the mouse uterine cervixSupported by PHS Research grant RR-00165 from NIH. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histologic changes in the region of the squamocolumnar junction of the uterine cervix in ovariectomized C3H/HeJ mice were studied at 6-12 hour intervals after the injection of 2.3μg estradiol benzoate. Mitotic activity, especially in the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelium, increased as time elapsed after estrogen administration and produced a concomitant increase in stratification of squamous epithelium; some mitotic activity was present in the uterine columnar epithelium throughout the period of observation. The histologic character of the squamocolumnar junction changed from gradual transition to an abrupt demarcation, as in intact mice during the estrous cycle. Subcolumnar cells in the transition zone of untreated animals formed a unilayered reticulum which after estrogen injection developed into a reticulum of stratified squamous epithelium. Extensions of stratified epithelium which develop during chronic estrogen treatment apparently develop from the stratified reticulum. There was no evidence to indicate any contribution of metaplasia to estrogen-induced epidermization.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730214
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    The morphology of enamel rods in thin sections (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Various methods of ENcalcification, processing and staining have been investigated to study thin sections of human enamel. EDTA-Na2 in a phosphate buffer was found to be the ENcalcifier of choice, and a stain utilizing SnF2 and H2S solutions was found to stain the sections a rich dark brown. The sections produced showed a keyhole outline of enamel rods in cross section with no eviENnce of interrod material.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730301
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  • 77
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    Immobilization and cartilage transformation into bone in the embryonic chick (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 391-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fate of the secondary cartilage present on the membrane bones of the embryonic chick has been studied after immobilization. Immobilization was achieved by the in vivo injection of paralysing drugs (tubocurare or decamethonium), by grafting membrane bones onto the chorioallantoic membrane, or by organ-culturing membrane bones in vitro. In all three situations the cartilage was transformed into a bone-like tissue, the matrix losing its acid muco-polysaccharide, accumulating collagen and undergoing calcification. The chondrocytes shrank in size, came to resemble osteoblasts (osteocytes) and acquired alkaline phosphatase activity.In normal development this cartilage is not transformed into bone but is partly replaced by bone and partly converted into a fibrocartilage which forms the definitive articular cartilage. Immobilization prevented this normal sequence.Past studies on the transformation of cartilage to bone are reviewed and are seen to be adaptations of a highly labile tissue to functional demands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730402
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    An in vitro and in vivo study of single palatal processesThis investigation was supported by PHS Research grant DE-02668 and PHS Research grant DE-02863 from the National Institute of Dental Research. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 405-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Single palatal processes were grown in organ culture to test whether epithelial contact was a prerequisite for the cytological alterations observed during midline epithelial disruption. Observations were made with the light and electron microscopes. Palatal processes from 14 day C57BL mice were cultured on Millipore filters and fixed in paraformaldehyde and osmium tetroxide. Fine structure studies of 24 hour cultures revealed a thick basal lamina beneath an intact epithelium. Epithelial cells were absent along the medial edge of the palatal process in 48 hour cultures. Mesenchymal cells, not covered by a basal lamina, ultimately occupied the original position of the epithelial cells. Single palatal processes taken from spontaneous cleft A/Jax fetuses showed epithelial cell death along the medial edge similar to that in vitro, although an epithelial-free surface was not observed. We interpreted these observations to indicate that epithelial cell disruption was an inherent process of medial palatal epithelium. This disruption was exaggerated during organ culture by the mesenchymal cells spreading on the filter membrane.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730403
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    Evidence of cell damage in rat salivary glands after isoproterenolThis research was supported in large part by the following grants from National Institutes of Health: 5-Ti-GH-326, 1-Fl-GM-32,528-01 and AM-10956. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 437-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Isoproterenol, which stimulates cell replication in rat salivary gland acinar cells also produces cytoplasmic disruption in these cells, although there is apparently little resultant cell death. Evidence of cell damage includes loss of cytoplasmic density, vesiculation of endoplasmic reticulum, appearance of large lipid droplets within cells, and invasion of the epithelium by lymphoid elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730405
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  • 80
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    Masthead (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740101
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    A fluorescence study on the ability of the notochord to synthesize and store catecholamines in early chick embryosSupported by PHS Training grant 5-T01-1323-05 from NIGMS. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 469-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role that catecholamines play in presympathetic embryogenesis is relatively unknown. All catecholamine-producing cells develop both the enzymes needed for catecholamine synthesis and an amine pump for the uptake of extraneous catecholamines. This investigation was undertaken to define areas which are able to produce and store catecholamines in the presympathetic chick embryo. Embryonic chicks between two and four days of incubation (stages 11 to 23) were incubated in a medium containing norepinephrine, dopa or dopa with cocaine, and treated for fluorescence according to the method of Falck and Owman. Norepinephrine uptake was considered to be evidence of the presence of an amine pump. The conversion of dopa, a nonfluorescent precursor of dopamine, to dopamine which is fluorescent was considered to be an indication that the enzyme dopa decarboxylase was present. Cocaine, an amine pump inhibitor, applied simultaneously with dopa would prevent dopamine synthesized in one site from entering other cells. It was found that the notochord was intensely fluorescent in the presence of norepinephrine. No other sites of norepinephrine uptake were seen. The notochord could also convert dopa to dopamine indicating the presence of dopa decarboxylase in notochordal cells. Similar results were obtained when cocaine was added to the incubation medium. It is concluded that the notochord is a possible site of catecholamine synthesis and storage in presympathetic chick embryos.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730407
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    Cell division in normal and neoplastic mammary gland tissue in the rat (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mitotic rates of epithelial cells in Sprague-Dawley rat mammary glands were investigated in the virgin rat, and during pregnancy, lactation and involution. In addition, rates of cell division were determined in mammary gland neoplasms induced by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The mammary gland epithelium of the virgin rat exhibited a slight but continuous mitotic activity through all phases of the estrous cycle, indicating a low rate of cell renewal. During pregnancy the rate increased markedly, attaining a peak on the twelfth day. The rates of mitosis declined during lactation and involution. The majority of DMBA induced mammary gland neoplasms exhibited mitotic rates lower than the normal mammary gland during pregnancy.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740102
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    A study of hematic barriers in peripheral nerves of albino rabbitsThis research was supported by U.S.P.H.S. training grant 5-T01-gm01410-02,03,04. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 21-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hematic barriers were studied in femoral and sciatic nerves and their peripheral branches in male albino rabbits by means of fluorescence microscopy and ultra-freezing and drying technics. The fluorescent tracer used was a diaminoacridine, acriflavine neutral, which is non-toxic at the 20 mg/kg dose administered intravenously, has a low molecular weight (259.7), and has a unique quality of chemically binding in vivo with nuclear DNA and RNA. This latter property of acriflavine neutral permitted the observation of fluorescent nuclei where the substance penetrated and no fluorescence where it did not penetrate. The interface between the two regions was identified as a locus of a hematic barrier.Three hematic barrier loci were observed in spinal nerves and their branches: (1) in the plasma membranes of the cells forming inner lamellae of the “perineurial epithelium,” (2) in the luminal face of the plasma membrane of endothelialcellsforming the wall of endoneurial capillaries, and (3) in the “perineurial epithelial” sheath which surrounds endoneurial precapillaries. These barriers appeared to be dependent on normal living physiologic processes for their proper maintenance. In addition, they were very similar to some of the hematic barriers associated with the central nervous system.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740104
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    Electron microscopic studies on fate of erythroblast ribosomesThis investigation was supported by U. S. Public Health Service grant 5 R01 AM 11784-05 through the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 513-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopic observations are reported which demonstrate that ribosomes are extruded during the final stages of maturation in erythroid cells of rats and guinea pigs. Concentration of ribosomes in the cytoplasm, formation of a membrane bounded vesicle containing these ribosomes and extrusion of the vesicle are described and discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740410
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    Epithelio-mesenchymal interactions in primordial gland structures which become responsive to androgenic stimulationAided in part by USPHS traineeship GM-94-11. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 179-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphogenetic tissue interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme of male accessory sexual gland primordia were investigated by standard culture methods. Seminal vesicle (SV), urogenital sinus (UGS), and preputial gland (PP) rudiments were excised from 13- to 19-day old embryonic mice. After tryptic-separation, the epithelium and mesenchyme of these rudiments were recombined into control (homotypic) and experimental (heterotypic) recombinants which were subsequently grown in the anterior chamber of the eye of adult male hosts.In recombinants composed of accessory sexual gland epithelium (SV, UGS, or PP) and urogenital gland mesenchyme (SV or UGS), the histotypic pattern of the recombinants reflected the source of the epithelium. Normal differentiation of SV, UGS, and PP epithelium occurred consistently when these epithelia were associated with SV or UGS mesenchyme. On the other hand, urogenital gland epithelium (SV or UGS) did not develop normally when associated with the integumentally-derived preputial gland mesenchyme. Instead, seminal vesicle epithelium was maintained as a columnar epithelium arranged in a simple tubular structure, while urogenital sinus epithelium formed a keratinized epithelium despite the presence of androgens. These data illustrate (1) the supportive properties common to urogenital mesenchyme, (2) the stability of accessory sexual gland epithelium, and (3) the lack of strict mesenchymal requirements of these epithelia. Furthermore, the data suggest that urogenital and integumental mesenchyme differ significantly in their ability to mediate hormonally-dependent developmental processes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720206
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    Temporary lobulation in cartilagenous models of long bonesSupported in part by N.I.H. grant AM-10507. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 523-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Vascular patterns and the vertical zones of maturing cartilage cells are arranged in geometric radiations. This lobular arrangement reflects a distribution of cells and matrix of differing maturity; those cells and matrix closest to the collagenous wall of the vascularized canal are maintained in an immature state longer than those located toward the periphery of the lobule. This configuration suggests a relationship between the oxygenation of cartilage, its maturity, and its ossification. Arteries in the cartilage canal frequently are destined to become the arteries located within themarrow cavity of mature bones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720306
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  • 87
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    Volumetric composition of the monkey skeletonWork supported by AEC grant AT(30-1)-3728 and USPH grant FR-5330. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 543-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Five adult monkeys (Macaca mulatta) having an average weight of 3.4 kg were analyzed for the overall skeletal contents of water, fat, nonfatty organic fraction, volatile inorganic fraction and ash. Volumes of bone and marrow for each skeletal region were calculated according to an earlier method used in the study of the dog and rabbit (Gong and Arnold, '65; Gong and Reis, 1970). A shortcut method for calculating marrow volume and fresh volumes of trabecu-lar and cortical bone using only two variables, the ash volume (or mass) and the fresh volume of the skeletal region, was also shown. It was found that the marrow constituted approximately 50.7% of the overall skeletal volume. Comparison of the composition of the marrow in the long bone and flat bone regions of the skeleton showed that the general distribution of the various components in these regions was similar to those found in the dog and rabbit; namely, a relatively high fat content in the long bone marrow and relatively high nonfatty organic and water contents in the flat bone marrow.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720308
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    Stimulation of DNA synthesis in mammalian cell cultures by receptor-destroying enzyme and neuraminidaseThis paper was presented in part at the eighty fourth annual session of the American Association of Anatomists, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on April 20, 1971.Supported by General Research Support Funds 535-951-08 and Temple University grant-in-224. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 551-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) and purified neuraminidase (V. cholerae) were added in varying concentrations to cultures of L929 fibro-blasts, HeLa cells and FL amnion cells. After 96 hours incubation at 36oC, RDE was found to enhance the growth of L929 fibroblasts and FL amnion cells, as measured spectrophotometrically by total DNA synthesis. Neuraminidase was found to stimulate growth in the three cell lines, using the same method of DNA determination. Neuraminidase, moreover, significantly increased the mitotic indices of the three cell lines after 72 hours incubation.
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    The ultrastructure of neonatal calf intestine and absorption of heterologous proteins (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 559-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructural morphology of the jejunal and ileal cells of newborn calves was similar to the intestinal absorptive cells of other newborn ungulates. Microvilli were well developed, tubules or invaginations in the apical cytoplasm were extensive. Large supranuclear vacuoles were limited to the ileal cells. After injection of ferritin-IgG or ferritin into ligated intestinal loops, the ferritin particles were found around the microvilli and within the tubular system. After 2-6 hours ileal vacuoles containing ferritin were found near the basal membrane. In the jejunal cell ferritin was found only in the tubules. No ferritin could be detected in calf sera after injection into the intestinal loops. To establish that heterologous proteins were absorbed, calves were given human serum via stomach tube and their sera subsequently was found to contain circulating levels of human albumin and gamma globulin. Also newborn pigs and suckling rats also were given ferritin; but it could not be detected in their sera. The results of these experiments suggest that while the neonatal intestine is permeable to some het-erologous proteins, ferritin is not transported across the absorptive cell into the circulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720310
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    On the presence of mononuclear leucocytes in dorsal root ganglia following transection of the sciatic nerveSupported by USPHS grant NS 08949. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 581-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To label circulating blood mononuclear cells, adult male mice were given multiple injections of tritiated thymidine on the day prior to transection of the right sciatic nerve. These animals and uninjured controls that received a similar sequence of tritiated thymidine injections were sacrificed at intervals up to 64 days following the injury. In the dorsal root ganglia associated with the injured sciatic nerves there were more satellite cells per neuron at all time intervals after the first day than were in the ganglia from the uninjured nerves. The percentage of satellite cells that were labeled was also higher in the ganglia from the injured nerves at all times after injury except the first day. Because no tritiated thymidine should have been available at the time of injury or afterward to label cells proliferating in response to the injury, most of the labeled cells in these ganglia must have been cells labeled before the injury or must be derived from such cells through division. The only large population of labeled cells available to the ganglion was that of the labeled blood mononuclear leucocytes, and the increase in number of labeled cells in the injured ganglia is attributed to infiltration of these cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720311
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    The development of sexual dimorphism in the bony pelvis of the squirrel monkey (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 589-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bony pelves of mature squirrel monkeys are sexually dimorphic. They can be sexed confidently using the ratio of pubis length divided by ischium length, together with a measure of the relative width of the superior pubic ramus. Pelves of immature squirrel monkeys are not sexually dimorphic. Pelves of immature monkeys of both sexes resemble pelves of mature males morphologically. Sexual dimorphism in the pelves of squirrel monkeys is the result of female pelves acquiring morphological features at puberty which differentiate them from mature male pelves and from immature pelves of both sexes, and is not the result of male pelves being altered from immature pelves of the female type as reported for mice and rats.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720312
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    Inclusion bodies of the epithelium of the urinary bladder in the rhesus monkey (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 651-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Inclusion bodies observed by light microscopy in the superficial epithelial cells of the urinary bladder of the rhesus monkey have been examined by electron microscopy. The inclusions varied from focal aggregates of fibrils in their least differentiated form to mature, paranuclear inclusion bodies 3 × 5 μ in size composed of orderly arranged fibrillar structures. The fibrils comprising the inclusions were indistinguishable from cytoplasmic tonofilaments. The significance of the inclusions remains obscure in the absence of known physiologic alteration.
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    Ultrastructural changes in the ependymal lining of the median eminence following the intraventricular administration of catecholamineSupported in part by HEW-NIH grant 5 S01-RR05356-09.Supported in part by HEW-NIH grant NB 01162 and The Ford Foundatiion. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Changes in the ependymal surfaces of the floor of the third ventricle and lateral recess have been studied in male rats by electron microscopy after the intraventricular administration of epinephrine or dopamine. In control rats the floor of the third ventricle has essentially a smooth contour interrupted only by occasional bleb-like protrusions or microvilli. In the floor of the lateral recess this surface gradually becomes more irregular due to the appearance of increased surface modifications. A further increase in the number of complexly-folded microvilli, pinocytotic vacuoles and coated vesicles occurs on the epen-dymal surface of the roof of the lateral recess and adjacent ependyma. These morphological findings are consistent with the concept that the ependymal cells of the lateral recess may serve as important sites for the absorption of materials from the CSF.Increased numbers of bleb-like protrusions were observed on the ependymal surface of the floor of the third ventricle five minutes after the intraventricular administration of either epinephrine or dopamine. The ependymal surface of the roof of the lateral recess also showed bleb-like protrusions and a complexly-folded microvillus border. Fifteen minutes after either the epinephrine or dopa-mine administration all of the ependymal surfaces studied appeared as in control rats. The increase in bleb-like protrusions noted in the floor of the third ventricle after the injection of epinephrine or dopamine are suggestive of a secretory process rather than a manifestation of an absorptive function in this region.
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    The relationship of ultrastructural and cytochemical features to absorptive activity in the goldfish intestine (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 675-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the adult goldfish, Carassius auratus (a stomachless freshwater teleost), there is a striking proximal-to-distal gradient in the microscopic appearance of the intestine. This gradient is correlated, moreover, with differences in the site of absorption of lipid and protein. The proximal regions (intestinal bulb and anterior intestine) have a greater surface area, manifested by elongated mucosal ridges in which the epithelial cells have regularly arranged closely spaced microvilli. The distal region (posterior intestine) has less overall surface area, but the epithelium exhibits the typical ultrastructural features of pinocytosis, namely extensive invagination of the luminal surface membrane and massive accumulation of vesicles and vacuoles in the apical cytoplasm. In addition, a conspicuous PAS-positive supranuclear “body” is visible with the light microscope. Administered triglyceride is absorbed exclusively by the epithelium of the anterior regions, where presumably, it must be hydrolyzed prior to uptake. Protein (horseradish peroxidase), on the other hand, is absorbed primarily in the most distal region, where the epithelium appears to be equipped for the uptake of large intact molecules. These regional differences are discussed in relation to comparable differences in the mammalian intestine, especially during development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720408
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    Endothelial detachment sites in glomerular capillaries of vinblastine-treated ratsResearch supported by N.I.H. grants AM 15176, GM 00100, and HE 03174, by Institutional Cancer grant IN-26L from the AMerican Cancer Society, adn by the Graduate School Research Fund of the University of Washington. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 669-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In Wistar-Fürth rats given vinblastine sulfate intravenously, an abnormality of the glomerular capillary wall was observed. Electron micrographs of renal corpuscles of treated animals revealed sites where the glomerular endo-thelium had separated from the glomerular basement membrane. The resultant subendothelial space contained a flocculent material similar in appearance to the blood plasma present within the capillary lumen. Endothelial detachment sites were observed near the mesangial region, as well as in parts of the capillary loops distant from the mesangium.Vinblastine treatment also resulted in a disappearance of microtubules from the cytoplasm of endothelial cells and in an appearance of paracrystalline inclusions which were similar in fine structure to those reported in previous studies using Vincaalkaloids. Although these intracytoplasmic paracrystals were common in the glomerular endothelium of treated animals, they were rarely seen at sites of endothelial detachment. The way in which vinblastine treatment elicits endothelial detachment is not known.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720407
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    Muscle spindle distribution in snout musculature of the Japanese shrew-molePart of this paper was read at the Symposium of Morphology on Maxillomandibular Apparatus at the 9th International Congress of Anatomists, Leningrad, August 17-22, 1970. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 703-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This investigation was designed to provide the structural basis for snout-mandibular movement of insectivores. Muscle spindle distribution in the snout musculature of six Japanese shrew-moles was examined in serial cross sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and azan.Zygomaticus major, Levator labii superioris and Zygomaticus minor contain about 120 muscle spindles but Levator alae nasi superioris and inferioris have no spindles. The spindles are concentrated within the lower half of the musculature. The average of the spindle area of one muscle measured was about 0.1 mm2 and the extent the spindles were observed was 11 mm. The ratio of the spindle area to the muscle area was a maximum of 25% in the posterior one-third of the belly, 10% in the middle and 1% in the anterior.Since the facial muscles are considered either to be devoid of spindles or few in number, it is of considerable interest that the snout musculature is supplied by abundant muscle spindles. It also suggests that the delicate movements of the snout muscle might be under minute control of the proprioceptive mechanism.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720409
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    The action of extrinsic penile muscles during copulation in the male dogSupported in part by Grant MH12003 from the National Institute of Mental Health. The technical assistance of Charles M. Haugen and Veryl T. Kuchar is gratefully acknowledged. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 173 (1972), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electromyographic activity of the bulbocavernosus (BC), ischiocavernosus (IC), and ischiourethral (IU) muscles was recorded during copulation in male dogs to examine the role of these muscles in the vascular engorgement process as related to the mechanisms responsible for initiating and maintaining the genital lock. In other dogs the IU muscle was severed to ascertain the influence this would have on the genital lock. No particular function in the engorgement process could be assigned to the IC muscle. Recordings from the BC muscle are consistent with the suggestion that rhythmic contraction of this muscle plays a role in pumping blood from the proximal parts of the corpus spongiosum into more distal parts of this cavernous erectile body. This would facilitate rapid engorgement of the bulbus glandis which is the structure that locks the dogs together. Recordings from the IU muscle reveal that this muscle contracts tonically just after intromission apparently also facilitating erection of the bulb by occluding venous return. Section of this muscle prevented engorgement of the bulb and eliminated the genital lock.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091730101
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    Fertilization of guinea pig eggs in vitro (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Guinea pig eggs can be fertilized in vitro in a chemically defined medium originally developed by Biggers, Whitten and Whittingham for the cultivation of fertilized mouse eggs. When unfertilized eggs were inseminated in this medium (abbr. BWW) with fresh epididymal spermatozoa, sperm penetration occurred not earlier than two hours after insemination. Quick and efficient sperm penetration occurred when the eggs were inseminated with spermatozoa pre-incubated in BWW for 11-18 hours. Spermatozoa started to pass through the zona pellucida as early as 10-15 minutes following insemination and all the eggs were penetrated by spermatozoa within one hour. The time needed for functional capacitation of guinea pig spermatozoa is estimated to be no less than two hours under the experimental conditions used, the optimal time possibly being 8-12 hours or even longer. The possibility of in vitro sperm capacitation and fertilization of eggs in media much simpler than BWW (e.g., Earle's solution with or without albumin) is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740103
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  • 99
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    The organization of dense projections in synapses of the brain of a marsupial, Setonix brachyurus (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Synaptic junctions from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the quokka brain have been examined by electron microscopy after glutaraldehyde fixation and PTA staining. Junctions can be divided into two groups: discontinuous-continuous and continuous-continuous, depending on the continuity or lack of it of the presynaptic membrane. The postsynaptic membrane always has a continuous appearance.The dense projections have the following characteristics: 1. an irregular outline due to the presence of spikes; 2. in some cases, an external electron-opaque “skin” and an internal, relatively electron-translucent core; 3. adjacent projections may have one or more stands of the presynaptic network between them and extending to the internal coat of the presynaptic membrane; 4. the gap between the bases of dense projections varies from 5 to 69 nm, with a mean value of 23 nm. Seventy-six percent of these measurements fall within the range 5-25 nm, while many of the larger gaps separating dense projections are subdivided into smaller components by the presence of one or more strands of the presynap-tic network.Features 2 and 3 have not been previously described in exactly the form seen here. It is not known whether they are confined to marsupial synapses or whether they highlight important general features of synaptic organization.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740105
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    Proceedings of the Americal Association of Anatomists, Eight-fifth Meeting (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 174 (1972), S. 47-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091740106
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