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  • 1980-1984  (1.172)
  • 1983  (623)
  • 1981  (549)
  • Chemical Engineering  (1.007)
  • Gas chromatography  (165)
  • Nuclear reactions
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1980-1984  (1.172)
Jahr
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Halazepam ; Desmethyldiazepam ; Benzodiazepines ; Pharmacokinetics ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Halazepam and its major metabolite desmethyldiazepam (DMDZ) can be reliably quantitated in human plasma following single doses of halazepam. After addition of appropriate internal standards, halazepam and DMDZ are extracted directly into an organic solvent at physiological pH. The organic extract is separated, evaporated to dryness, reconstituted, and directly chromatographed using a 50:50 methyl:phenyl silicone column (SP-2250) and an electron-capture detector. After a single 40 mg oral dose of halazepam, the parent compound appears in plasma only transiently and at low levels. DMDZ appears in higher concentrations and is slowly eliminated. During multiple-dose therapy with halazepam, DMDZ will be the major active substance in blood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 54 (1983), S. 311-321 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Schlagwort(e): Toxaphene ; Distribution ; Mice ; Autoradiography ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Series of female virgin and pregnant albino mice were i.v. injected with14C-labelled- or unlabelled toxaphene (16 mg/kg b.w.). After survival times ranging from 1 min to 32 days the toxaphene distribution in the body was studied using whole-body autoradiography and capillary gas-chromatography. Autoradiographic studies have shown that after an initial accumulation in the liver, brown fat, lung, brain, kidney, and ovaria (corpora lutea) there was a gradual redistribution of radioactivity to the white fat within 4 h postinjection. The labelling was then decreasing rapidly and only negligible amounts of the radioactivity were present in the adipose tissue after 32 days. In the fetus only the liver and adrenals showed a distinct labelling. A specific and persistent accumulation of the label was detected in some zones of the adrenal cortex suggesting a possible direct interference of toxaphene with adrenal steroid hormone synthesis. The gas chromatographic pattern of toxaphene-derived residues in the tissue samples resembled that of the technical toxaphene, but was changing in different tissues with the time. The liver chromatograms indicated more extensive formation of metabolites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 53 (1983), S. 101-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Biological exposure test ; Exercise ; Gas chromatography ; Hippuric acid ; Humans ; Isotachophoresis ; Laboratory exposure ; o-Cresol ; Rest ; Toluene ; Urine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The urinary excretion of hippuric acid and o-cresol was studied after respiratory exposure of human volunteers to approximately 80 ppm (306 mg/m3 ± SD 13) of toluene for 2 h under different work loads (0, 50,100, 150 W, respectively, during 30-min periods). The diet before and after exposure varied. An isotachophoresis method for the determination of hippuric acid is described. The correlation between the total urinary excretion, excretion rate and concentration of hippuric acid, and the respiratory uptake of toluene was poor or non-existing. The same was true for the excretion of o-cresol, which 4 h after exposure was concluded amounted to 0.03–0.26% of the toluene uptake. Thus, after a short-time exposure neither metabolite proved to be a reliable measure of individual toluene uptake at varying workloads or food intake in combination with low exposure levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Head-space analysis ; CCl4 intoxication ; Hyperventilation therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A head-space gas chromatographic method for the determination of carbon tetrachloride in human blood is described. Standard samples with 0.5 ml whole blood containing different concentrations of CCl4 were analyzed at column temperatures ranging from 50° to 90°C. Advantages of this method include high sensitivity, simplicity in handling, rapid achievement of reliable results, accuracy and low costs. The practicability of this analytical method was studied in a patient following suicidal oral ingestion of a lethal dose of carbon tetrachloride.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 20-26 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Dioryctria abietella ; Cone pyralid ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Sex pheromone, (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate ; Single sensillum recordings ; Electroantennography ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'analyse en chromatographie gazeuse associée à une détection électroantennographique a montré que l'acétate (Z,E)-9,11-tétradécadiényle (Z,E)-9,11–14:Ac est l'un des composants de la phéromone de Dioryctria abietella Schiff (Lepid.: Pyralidae). Couplage chromatographie en phase gazeuse spectrometrie de masse a montré la présence d'acétate tétradécadiényle avec un spectre de masse et un indice de rétention identiques au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac Un récepteur cellulaire sensible à la fois au Z,E-9,11–14:Ac et à un extrait de la femelle a été identifié sous l'antenne du mâle. Les analyses des antennogrammes et de la cellule isolée ont étayé la caractérisation du composant de la phéromone comme étant Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. Un récepteur cellulaire additionnel sensible à l'acétate (Z.)-9-tétradécadiényle et à l'acétate (Z.E.)-9,12-tétradécadiényle a été trouvé sur l'antenne du mâle, mais il n'était pas activé par l'extrait de la femelle. Sur le terrain Z,E-9,11–14:Ac, présenté seul, attirait des nombres importants de mâles de D. abietella. L'addition de l'acétate (Z)-9-tétradécényle a inhibé l'attraction des mâles par les pièges.
    Notizen: Summary Gas chromatographic analyses coupled with electro-antennographic detection indicated that (Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z,E-9, 11–14:Ac) is a pheromone component of the cone pyralid Dioryctria abietella. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses confirmed the presence of a tetradecadienyl acetate with mass spectrum and retention index identical to Z,E-9,11–14:Ac. A receptor cell sensitive to both Z,E-9,11–14:Ac and the female extract was identified on the male antenna. An additional receptor cell sensitive to (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate was found on the male antenna but was not activated by the female extract. In the field Z,E-9,11–14:Ac presented alone attracted significant numbers of male D. abietella. Addition of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate inhibited the attraction of males to traps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 33-36 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Preparative scale chromatography ; Capacity ; Dual-step separation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The capacity of dual-step preparative chromatographic separation systems is considered. It is shown that dualstep separation makes it possible to enhance the capacity of preparative installations as compared with single- and dual-stage purification of the compounds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 44-46 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Natural gas analysis ; Poropak N
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A simple gas chromatographic method is described for the rapid analysis of natural gas using thermal conductivity detectors and programmed-temperature operation of a single Poropak N column. The method permits the determination of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons containing one to seven carbon atoms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 553-559 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular (capillary) columns ; Immobilized liquid phases ; Thick-film columns ; Diffusion coefficients
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of the liquid phase film thickness in open-tubular (capillary) columns on the individual resistance-to-mass-transfer terms and on the overall column efficiency is examined from the theoretical point of view. Methods for the calculation of the diffusion coefficients are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 560-569 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular (capillary) columns ; Immobilized liquid phases ; Thick-film columns ; GC-FTIR
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The performance of a column prepared with an immobilized (chemically bonded) methylsilicone phase having a film thickness of 5μm is investigated in detail. Due to their high sample capacity, such columns are particularly useful when directly coupling gas chromatography with spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Thick-film columns can even be used with thermal conductivity detectors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 600-604 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Alkyl benzenes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The additivity concept in the retention index system of Kovats has been examined for a series ofn-alkylbenzenes and theiro- andp-monosubstituted nitro-, amino-, and chloro-derivatives. Anomalous behaviour is exhibited by the first three members of the series on both polar and non-polar stationary phases. For addition of a methylene group ton-propylbenzene or ap-substituted derivative, it is found that the retention increment, Δl CH2, approaches 100 units. However, the strong inductive effect of the group in the ortho position and the steric effects apparent in ano-substituted alkylbenzene lead to large variations of retention increment upon addition of-CH2-to the alkyl chain. A study ofn-alkylbenzene retention on Apiezon L and Carbowax 20M over a wide range of temperatures has verified the linearity of the retention increment with temperature and has revealed that this gradient increases with increasing carbon side-chain length for the first few members of the series, thereafter becoming constant. Functional retention increments, Δlx, for substitution of nitro-, amino- and chloro-groups into the benzene ring are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 691-692 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Dichlorophenol isomers ; Sodium benzenesulfonate ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary It is difficult to separate all the dichlorophenol isomers as free phenols by gas-liquid chromatography. However they were effectively separated on 4,4′-dimethoxyazoxybenzene (liquid crystal), and all the isomers were separated appreciably well on sodium 1-naphthalenesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate and dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Oxygenates ; Fused-silica capillary columns
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A method of analysing gasolines that contain oxygenates has been developed. The method uses a single fusedsilica capillary column and gives quantitative data for the oxygenates and the hydrocarbons in one analysis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 75-78 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; GC-concentration ; Enrichment factor ; Theoretical evaluation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Based on gas chromatographic retention data obtained on a given adsorbent and at a given trap efficiency at different temperatures new equations are proposed for the evaluation of the enrichment factor. These equations are suitable under various preconcentration conditions such as: equilibrium saturation, complete trapping and permissible losses. Compared to known expressions for the evaluation of the enrichment factor the equations suggested consider the band broadening of the impurity in a trap causing a loss of the substance at the adsorption stage and dilution of the sample during desorption when the desorbed impurities are directed into the gas chromatographic column without intermediate freezing out in an graphic column without intermediate freezing out in an empty tube. The new equations may be used to select the optimum preconcentration conditions providing the necessary sensitivity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 191-194 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Thermal treatment of MgO and MgCO3 ; Adsorption properties ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The changes in the chromatographic properties of MgO and MgCO3 due to thermal treatment was investigated. The experimental results show that thermally treated MgO and MgCO3 can be used as stationary phase for the gas-adsorption chromatography of hydrocarbon mixtures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of fatty acids ; Gas chromatography ; Fatty acid analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The esterification of C1−C8 fatty acid in aqueous solutions and in the presence of sulfuric or hydrochloric acid and with n-butanol is described. It has been established that the esterification can be used for the quantitative determination of these fatty acids in the concentration ratio range of [H2O]/[n-BuOH]=0.01–5.3. In the concentration ratio range of 0.01–0.8 the water present does not interfere. In the concentration range of above 0.8 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for binding the water, in the amount of [Na2SO4.anh.]/[H2O]≥0.2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 472-476 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Liquid stationary phase ; Liquid phase bleeding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The theory of the evaporation of the liquid stationary phase is elaborated and experimentally verified. On the basis of this theory the role played by the losses in the amount of liquid phase present is quantitatively determined. General techniques are examined which minimize the losses; these techniques are based on saturating the incoming carrier gas with liquid phase vapours and raising the pressure of the carrier gas in the column, e.g. by connecting a capillary to the column outlet in order to offer resistance to the gas flow. The application of these techniques ensures stable performance of the gas chromatographic columns using a volatile liquid phase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 493-500 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Esterification in aqueous solution ; iso butyl esters of C1–C20 fatty acids ; Gas chromatography ; Fatty acid analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary C1–C20 carboxylic acids have been esterified in aqueous solutions with i-butanol. Gas chromatographic analyses have been performed from a single chromatogram. It has been established that esterification in the concentration range of [H2O]/[i-BuOH]=0.01–10.3 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of these carboxylic acids. The presence of water does not interfere in the range of [H2O]/[i-BuOH]=0.01–1.03. In the cases of [H2O]/[i-BuOH]〉1.03, anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water, in an amount of [Na2SO4]anh./[H2O]≥0.2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 241-243 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Detectors ; Flame ionization detector ; History of chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary On the occasion of the 25-year anniversary of its invention, this article summarizes the events which led to the development of the flame ionization detector.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Average molecular polarizability ; Retention index ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The Kováts retention indices of 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined on SE-30, OV-101, SE-52, OV-7 and OV-17 stationary phases. A significant correlation has been found between the retention indices and the average molecular polarizabilities of the analyzed substances. Equations were derived for the direct determination of the average molecular polarizabilities from the retention index values. The influence of the temperature on this relationship is also indicated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 418-420 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Separation of metal chelates ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A very good separation of the acetylacetonate of AL-(III), Cr(III) and Co(III) has been obtained by gas chromatography, on a column containing OV-17 silicone oil as the stationary phase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 4-10 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Ion mobility detector ; Plasma chromatography ; Selective detection ; Quantitative analysis ; Halogenated compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An ion mobility detector that has been specifically developed for interfacing with capillary gas chromatography is investigated in the negative ion mode. Like the electron capture detector, to which this instrument is closely related, the ion mobility detector shows an enhanced response to low molecular weight halogenated compounds when a small quantity of oxygen is doped into the make-up gas flow. Under O2 doping conditions, the device can operate in a reactant ion monitoring mode responding universally to compounds capable of capturing thermal electrons and in a tunable selective product ion mode providing increased selectivity over that achieved by the ECD. At an oxygen concentration of 0.5%, minimum detectable amounts as low as 600 femtograms have been realized for carbon tetrachloride. Selectivity of chloro- versus bromo- compounds is demonstrated using a mixture of p-dichlorobenzene and p-dibromobenzene.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 11-15 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; ECD ; Halocarbons in water, 0.1-10 ppb ; 0.5-2 μl injected on-column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Interest in monitoring halogenated organics in drinking water and natural surface and ground water in the low ppb range continues to grow. There is a tendency to include still more volatile halocarbons, the trace determination of which is known to be rather demanding. This prompted us to re-examine the feasibility of large-volume direct aqueous injection onto capillary columns, coupled with ECD. A primary problem was to avoid simultaneous elution of water with halocarbons, since water suppresses the ground current of the ECD. The following measures contributed to the solution of this problem.Apolar, extremely inert, columns are required to elute water completely, and even before very light halocarbons. Their coatings have to be far thicker (≍ 5 mUm) than commonly employed thick films since they must permit isothermal analysis at a column temperature around 100°C in order to ensure rapid and complete elution of water. Finally, it is essential that sampling be carried out on-column for two reasons: diffusion of water vapor in the injector, resulting in delayed elution, is then eliminated, and peak distortion during splitless injection is avoided.Although we now know that persilylated columns with immobilized coatings withstand routine water injections, more longterm experience is needed to provide detailed recommendations for the handling of these columns.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 34-35 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Samples with varying water content ; Retention times correlated with water content ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 241-246 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Cobalt-60 gamma radiation ; Immobilized phase ; Crosslinking ; Column activity ; Temperature Stability ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Fused silica capillaries deactivated with D4 and coated with OV-1 were subjected to cobalt-60 gamma radiation in order to elucidate the effect of incident radiation on column performance. The chromatographic performance of these open tubular columns in which OV-1 was polymerized in situ was found to be dependent on the dosage of radiation and was evaluated before and after the irradiated columns were rinsed with solvent. Of the radiation dosages employed, 3 MRad produced superior chromatographic performance coupled with very favorable residual surface activity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 247-254 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Screening for basic drugs with retention indices differing by only four units ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Capillary columns offer the toxicologist several advantages over packed columns. We have presented a highly reproducible screening procedure based on the retention index system and have shown the use of capillary columns for routine quantitation. We are currently expanding the use of these columns in our laboratory and predict that they will be in routine use by most toxicologists in the near future.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 255-263 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass, fused silica ; Two-dimensional technique ; Residue analysis in food ; Organophosphorus pesticides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Two-dimensional gas chromatography with two capillary columns of different polarity (SP 2100 and OV 225) is used for pesticide residue analysis in food samples. By means of “live chromatography” applying pneumatic switching technique according to Deans, unequivocal identification of 57 organophosphorus pesticides in food samples is achieved at trace concentrations. The instrument is equipped with only one injection port and one flame photometric detector. On-line data processing is very helpful, especially in calibration and checking the system's reliability with the multitude of test compounds. The complete pesticide residue analysis including clean-up of about six food samples can be completed by one person in 8 hours.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 273-274 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 317-319 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, fused silica ; Drug screening ; Fused silica capillary column ; Toxicology ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 436-440 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Superox-4 pretreatment, deactivation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 480-487 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Residue mixtures ; Inlet characteristics ; Injection procedure ; Repeatability ; Linearity ; Quantification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Residue mixtures of pesticides in foods which were difficult to separate by packed-column gas chromatography were determined by capillary gas chromatography and electron capture detection. Manual injections of sample and reference standard were made with a 10 μL syringe on a septum-enclosed, split/ splitless inlet system. Optimal peak height repeatability (± 3%( was achieved with three-μL injections which were made within time periods of four hours or less. The average linearity coefficient (slope( obtained for detector response as a function of solution concentration was 1.1.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 497-500 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, fused silica ; On-column injection ; Solvent polarity ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 501-504 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Van Deemter curves ; Thick film columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 504-507 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Effluent splitting ; Polyimide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 510-511 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Optically active compounds ; Determination of trace amounts ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 567-568 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Solvent effect ; Headspace analysis ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 101-103 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; GC/MS ; Drugs of abuse ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 133-139 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Advantages of very thick coatings ; Separation efficiency correlated with film thickness ; Preparation of columns with very thick coatings ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: It has become common practice with capillary columns to call film thicknesses of 0.1 - 0.3 μm regular or standard, whereas 0.3 - 1.0 μm is considered to denote thick films. Consequently, films with thickness beyond 1μm (we have explored the range up to 8.0 μm) may be termed very thick. Increasing film thickness, at least to about 5 μm, brings important additionl advantages primarily in terms of loading capacity. Columns with very thick coatings may replace the traditional SCOT columns thanks to at least equivalent loading capacity combined with higher separation efficiency, and better stability characteristics. Additional advantages are increased retention, essential for the analysis of very volatile substances, and increased elution temperature, providing a basis for direct water injection.We observe that TZ (the separation number) drops to roughly 50% when the film thickness is increased by a factor of 300 from 0.025 to 8.0 μm, provided TZ is measured with a standard flow of hydrogen. The reduction is only 30% when the thick-film colums are run with individual optimization with nitrogen as a carrier gas. In contrast to standard columns, very thickly coated columns show slightly increased separation efficiency with nitrogen at drastically reduced flow rate. The HETP increases very slightly in the indicated range of flim thickness. This contradicts widespread theoretical expectations, which probably account for the fact that very thick coatings have so far been neglected. Since the preparation of very thick coatings involves some deviations from the standard procedure, complete and detailed instructions are given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 153-155 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Immobilization of moderately polar phases ; Combination of surface bonding and crosslinking ; Vinyl groups in the support surface ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Automated analysis ; Solvent vapor ; Gas sampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Solvent vapors in air may be measured with capillary gas chromatographic columns. By using large diameter columns and sample loops of approximately the same internal diameter, the column may be connected directly to the gas sampling valve. This approach eliminates the use of a splitter or cryogenic trapping and allows low levels to be measured. By operating the column at high velocity, column efficiency is sacrificed for increase in speed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 232-235 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Inlets ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 236-240 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Dynamic versus static leaching ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: It is well known that removal of metal ions from the glass surface greatly improves both the thermal stability and the adsorption characteristics of glass capillary columns. Usually metal ions are removed from a glass surface by acid leaching; in particular, the static leaching procedure with hydrochloric acid is used very often for the preparation of glass capillary columns. This paper discusses the results of an investigation into dynamic leaching. Special attention is paid to those factors which affect the adsorption properties of the leached surface. The importance of the non-specific adsorptivity of the capillary surface due to changes of surface properties induced by the leaching process is pointed out.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 281-282 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Si-OR, bonded stationary phase ; Change of physical state ; Retention mechanism ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 292-299 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; GC/MS/DS ; Cryotrapping of organics ; Cryofocusing of organics ; Trace organic analysis ; Priority pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A 30 m, 0.25 mm ID, fused silica capillary column at temperatures from -60 to -100°C has been shown to be a quantitative trap for organic compounds with volatilities ranging from that of 1, 1 -dichloroethene that of chlorobenzene. This type of “whole column cryotrapping” provided sharp peaks (peak width approximately 4-7 seconds) for all compounds at a trapping temperature of -80°C and with high carrier gas pressures and linear velocities (30 psi and 110 cm/s, respectively). Whole column cryotrapping possesses great simplicity, chromatographic efficiency (no trapping loop connections), and a built-in indicator of quality assurance for trapping efficiency (i.e., peak shape). These advantages are extremely attractive and are indicative of the fact that the potential of this approach has not yet been fully appreciated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 386-387 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; On column injection ; Movable injector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 388-389 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary micro-packed columns ; Separation characteristics ; Application ; Separation of hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 444-445 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular columns ; Reduced diameter ; High pressure ; Coating reservoir ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 448-450 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Solute focussing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 561-563 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary ; On-column injection ; Rotary valve ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 564-565 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Splitless injection ; Trace analysis ; EPA phenols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 36-37 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cryogenic focusing ; On-column, pre-column trapping ; Volatile aroma compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 42-44 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Mg(NO3)2 .6H2O as stationary phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 60-63 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cold silanization ; Medium polarity columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Silane-coupling agents, commonly used for fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRP), were applied for deactivation of silanol sites in glass capillary columns prior to coating with mediumpolarity phases such as Carbowax and Superox. The columns, prepared in a two-stage process in the case of glass (acidic leaching and drying, dynamic cold silanization followed by static coating with the phase) or a one stage process in the case of fused silica, gave the best results when deactivation and hence wettability were induced by glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 228-231 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Sample introduction ; Splitless injection ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 319-321 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Small diameter capillary columns ; Static coating at elevated temperature ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 328-332 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Fused silica (capillary) columns ; Bonded (cross-linked ) phases ; Hydrocarbon analysis ; Retention index data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 366-370 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary column ; Chiral phase ; Amino acid enantiomers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Heliflex Chirasil-Val, a modified form of the original Chirasil-Val phase coated on fused silica capillary, has been investigated with regard to its resolution efficiency and the separation profile for various enantiomeric derivatives of amino acid. The best results could be obtained with TFA-Et derivatives by reason of the relatively low column temperature required.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 390-391 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Dispersive interactions ; Inductive interactions ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 422-426 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Stationary phase, polar ; DEGA ; Residue analysis of pesticides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Polydiethylene glycol adipate (DEGA) has been successfully used as stationary phase for residue analysis by glass capillary gas chromatography. A specially stabilized version of the phase yields a good polar column which is stable up to 250°C when used in temperature programmed cycles. The paper lists 90 pesticides that have been successfully chromatographed in ng quantities on a DEGA column.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 442-443 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Cyclodextrin polymer beads ; Double retention mechanism ; Interaction energy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 40-42 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Splitless Injection ; Drug analysis ; Concentration dependence of retention values ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 185-188 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Injection ; Inlets ; Volume overloading ; Concentration overloading ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Residue analysis ; Fenvalerate ; Fabric protectant ; Woolen cloth ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A method is described for the determination of fenvalerate (cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 4-chloro-α-(1-methylethyl)-benzeneacetate) residues on woolen cloth. The fenvalerate was Soxhlet-extracted from the treated fabric with acetone for four hours at a reflux rate of six solvent exchanges per hour. The fenvalerate residue was determined by gas-liquid chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The results were quantitated by comparing integrator counts obtained from extracts of treated samples with those obtained from known standards. The method was sensitive to 0.00054% fenvalerate by weight. Recoveries from fabric treated with 0.00054% to 0.215% averaged 94.8%. The response of the detector was linear over a 400-fold range of fenvalerate concentrations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 213-215 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; HPLC sample work-up ; Valeriana celtica L ; Essential oil ; Nepetalactone, isovaleric acid ; Feline attractant ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 269-272 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Retention indices ; Specific retention volumes ; n-Alkanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The choice of stationary phase for gas chromatography is dictated by the nature of the analytes. Polarity and selectivity are known to play an important role. This paper suggests equations for calculation of specific retention volumes of any compounds from their retention indices.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 279-281 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, glass ; Packed column ; Retention data ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 392-393 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Hydrogen carrier gas ; Pt-Ir tubing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 507-509 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, glass ; GC/MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 661-665 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Injector systems ; On-column injection ; Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Dibenzothiophene oxide and dioxide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Analytical methods are described for identification and monitoring of the oxygenated metabolites of dibenzothiophene. Since such compounds are thermolabile, GC analysis is seen to be hardly feasible with conventional injectors such as all-glass moving needle or splitless injectors. Only on-column injection gives no degradation products. In addition, reversed-phase HPLC is particularly suitable for the analysis of the sulfone or sulfoxides of dibenzothiophenes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 595-604 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; GC/MS ; Pyrolysis GC ; Pyrolysis MS ; Headspace sampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Pyrolysis gas chromatography (P/GC) has been successful in differentiating coal tar pitches which are used in the manufacture of high temperature graphite materials [1,2]. In the present study, coal tar and petroleum pitches received from five suppliers were readily differentiated using three distinct methods of polymer analysis: dynamic headspace and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (DH/GC/MS and P/GC/MS, [3]), and pyrolysis mass spectrometry (P/MS, [4,5]). All of these methods are appropriate for the analysis and pattern recognition study of coal and petroleum products; however, methods which incorporate GC usually necessitate long analysis times and are subject to problems associated with gas chromatographic reproducibility (e.g. active sites [6], and nonconstant retention times). As a fingerprint analysis method, P/MS is rapid and ideally suited to computerized pattern recognition study of pitches due to the simple format of P/MS data (computer tabulation of normalized intensities versus masses); whereas, in the present study, the normalized peak area versus retention time date from DH/GC/MS and P/GC/MS analyses were not suitable for direct input to a computerized pattern recognition analysis program, (due to non-constant retention times and improper data format). One limitation is that P/MS does not provide positive identification of thermally evolved products (as can DH/GC/MS and P/GC/MS) due to the complexity of the spectra of a mixture of compounds produced by P/MS. Within the limits of the commercial instrumentation and computer programs used in this study, a combination of all three techniques provided the greatest capability for the differentiation of the five coal tar and petroleum based pitches studied.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 623-624 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 621-622 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Multiplex GC ; Vacancy chromatograms ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 6-12 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Equilibrium sorption isotherms were obtained for the sulfur dioxide-epoxy resin of aliphatic diglycidyl ether system over a temperature range of 1° to 45°C. The sorption isotherms indicated the presence of Langmuir sorption due to specific interaction. This is uncommon for rubbery polymers, though similar behavior was also observed previously. Zimm-Lundberg's clustering analysis indicated a slight tendency for clustering of the penetrant molecules at low temperatures and higher activities. The number of Langmuir sites for sorption was found to be independent of temperature. The mobilities of the molecules sorbed in Henry's law mode and the Langmuir mode were found to be approximately equal. Predictions of the permeability values for this system are presented and compared with other data from the literature. The temperature dependence of different sorption parameters is presented and discussed in detail.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 13-16 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Uniaxial tension tests to the yield point were performed on a crystalline polymer, poly(4-methyl pentene-1) (PMP) as a function of temperature from 21° to 200°C at a strain rate of 2 min-1. After testing, the specimens showed considerable stress whitening as a result of microvoid formation. Yield energy was found to be a linear function of temperature extrapolating to zero at the melting point (240°C). Thus, the behavior of this crystalline polymer is similar to that of glassy polymers, but with the melting temperature, rather than the glass transition temperature, as the reference point. The ratio of thermal to mechanical energy input to produce yielding is an order of magnitude smaller for PMP than it is for glassy polymers. The ratio of yield stress to Young's modulus is about 0.02, which is typical for polymers. Yield stress is a linear function of log strain rate, which implies that yielding can be described as a segmental flow rate process in which the applied stress biases the activation energy. The activation volume is on the order of 20 monomer unit volumes and increases as the temperature increases. The activation energy is 19 kcal/mol.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 211-215 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Samples of poly(methyl methacrylate) with a central circular hole are compressed, and crazes form on or after unloading, provided that the strain attains or exceeds a threshold value ∊t. Crazes induced in air are transformed rapidly to cracks, but environmental crazes are more stable. These residual stress crazes form at the diameter of the hole on a plane perpendicular to the applied stress direction. In contrast, during loading, crazes form on the vertical plane containing the hole axis. Unloading crazes are relatively insensitive to changes in strain rate, whereas loading erazes have a pronounced rate dependence. Environmental residual stress crazing exhibits an apparent rate sensitivity at constant time, but the critical applied strain ∊t is essentially constant, irrespective of rate, if the sample is in contact with the environment for a sufficiently long time to ensure that the minimum ∊t is obtained. Residual stress crazes appear to initiate at the equator of the hole, and the maximum tensile residual strain, indicated by a strain gauge, occurs in this position.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 226-229 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Head-to-head polyisobutylene degrades at a maximum rate at 320°C, a temperature about 65°C lower than head-to-tail polyisobutylene. Under our conditions, head-to-tail (the regular polyisobutylene) degrades (as do many other disubstituted vinyl monomers) to a high yield of the monomer isobutylene. Surprisingly, head-to-head polyisobutylene also degraded, primarily to isobutylene. Liquid, low-molecular compounds, probably dimers, were also obtained from head-to-tail and head-to-head polyisobutylene. A mechanism of this degradation is proposed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 230-237 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: This paper presents a new low-energy method to separate solvents from polymers. The method is based upon the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), a phenomenon exhibited by all nonpolar polymer-solvent systems. Three key issues concerning this new separation method are discussed for the specific system of high cis polybutadiene in a commercial grade n-hexane. The first issue, energy cost, is greatly reduced from present commercial separation processes by avoiding the liquid-vapor phase transition for more than half of the solvent. The predicted energy cost for the new method (not including inefficiencies) is about 15 percent of the present energy cost (including inefficiencies). The second issue, recycling of the dilute phase with terminator, is shown not to be a serious problem, and a solution is suggested based upon available methods. The third issue discussed, and perhaps the most difficult, is the physical separation of the two phases. This is solved by inducing spinodal decomposition, which leads to rapid gravity separation. Several alternative separation scenarios based upon this idea are presented at the end of the article.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 299-305 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A basis for design of two-stage extractor screws is developed with special focus on determining optimum design of the final pumping section in order to maximize pressure-generating capability. Departure from the conventional square-pitch helix angle of 17.7° appears justified in this section of the screw where pressure-development capability is critical to successful performance. Optimization can produce gains of 5 to 30 percent in pressure (or in corresponding length reductions), the exact benefits depending on the non-Newtonian behavior of the melt and on the optimization strategy selected.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 337-349 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The properties of a series of polyisobutylene (PIB) based polyurethanes were studied and compared to those reported in the literature for polyether, polyester, and polybutadiene-based polyurethanes. Good phase separation was reflected in the invariance of the soft segment Tn with increasing hard segment content. Increasing hard segment content resulted in larger domains, higher modulus and lower ultimate elongation. The modulus above the soft segment Tn was higher than that previously reported for polyurethanes of similar hard segment contant; improved phase separation and short contour lengths of the PIB chains were cited as possible causes of this behavior. Stress-strain data indicated a change from isolated to interconnected domain morphology with incerasing hard segment contant. Generally similar trends were seen for all types of urethanes. The overall properties of polybutadiene polyurethanes were closest to those of the polyisobutylene polyurethanes studied. The properties of both of these systems were suggested to suffer from significant synthesis problems in urethane formation due to the incompatibility of the nonpolar hydrocarbon soft segment and the polar diol chain extender. Preliminary environmental tests indicated that polyisobutylene based materials exhibit improved hydrolytic stability and reduced moisture permeability compared to polyether and polyester polyurethanes and greater oxidative stability compared to polybutadiene based materials.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 350-353 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: This paper discusses the shrinkage characteristics of armored (reinforced) rubber articles for two types of boundary conditions: (a) cases where the armoring material is neither flexible nor thermoexpansive, and (b) cases where the armoring material has a finite thermal expansion between room and vulcanization temperature. A quantiative analysis of shrinkage strains and stresses is developed for the two boundary conditions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 354-355 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: This note draws together the Han-Villamizar experimental observations on the critical pressure at which gas bubbles became visible in flowing thermoplastic melts and a simple method of predicting the equilibrium pressure based on gas solubility. It is shown that the observed pressure is 40 to 75 percent of the calculated pressure.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 390-393 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effects of thermal aging on the dynamic mechanical properties of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) are examined in the glass transition (Tg) and β transition (Tβ) regions. PVC, when quenched through Tg and then annealed at 40°C, exhibits a sub-Tg peak in the loss modulus function. The position of the peak moves to higher temperatures with increasing annealing time. The effect is analogous to sub-Tg endothermic peaks previously observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A sub-Tβ peak in the tan δ or the loss modulus functions can be produced by quenching through Tβ. The effect of heating rate on the sub-Tβ peak is explored.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 216-221 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The strength and elongation to break of an acetal copolymer were measured at four elongation rates, from 0.2 to 20 in./min, at temperatures from 239 K to 339 K. Both strength and elongation results could be reduced to master curves by means of time-temperature superposition. The temperature dependence of the shift factors was given by an equation of the WLF form, with parameters close to those found for most amorphous polymers, at a reference temperature equal to the γ-transition temperature of the polymer. Extrapolation to much higher testing rates and to much slower creep rates was satisfactory. Similar but less extensive tests were run on two other samples with different molecular weights. The yield stress was independent of molecular weight, but elongation increased with increasing molecular weight at all conditions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 247-256 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A critical review of the specification of orientation and its development in polymer-processing operations is presented. Orientation may in general be specified by orientation distribution functions, but is most conveniently expressed in terms of orientation factors which are second moments of the distribution. The Hermans orientation factor represents polymer-chain orientation for systems with fiber symmetry (uniaxial orientation) and the Hermans-Stein orientation factors express uniaxial orientation for each of the crystallographic axes of crystalline polymers. Biaxial orientation is, however, developed in tubular film extrusion, blowmolding and, indeed, all processing operations other than fiber formation. Orientation factors developed previously by the authors express biaxial orientation in terms of the angles between the machine and transverse directions and the polymer chain axis or crystallographic axes. In flowing polymer melts, the Rheo-Optical Law, which relates birefringence and stress, represents a relationship between polymer-chain orientation and stress. In vitrified polymeric glasses (e.g. polystyrene), the orientation factors are related linearly to the stress field at vitrification. This has been shown experimentally for melt spinning and tubular film extrusion. The results of studies of blowmolding and injection molding are consistent with this. The crystalline orientation factors have also been found to be determined by the stress field at solidification in melt spinning and tubular film extrusion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 266-270 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A novel approach for producing multiaxially oriented polymers with ultrahigh mechanical properties in more than one direction is discussed. According to the approach, which is adaptable to conventional commercial processes, the polymer is processed in a contained geometry at a temperature near to but below the isotropic crystalline melting point under curvilinear flow conditions generated by the combined effects of a compressive force and a rotational force perpendicular to the compressive force. The process is demonstrated with thermoplastic and thermotropic polymers using simple torsional flow. The general features of the process and the properties of the multiaxially oriented polymers are discussed in view of the different flow conditions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 293-298 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A simple equation enabling the prediction of the thermal conductivity of plastic foams, without the aid of adjustable parameters, is proposed. The equation is based on a recurrent method, previously developed, that showed reasonable agreement with experimental results. Ways of decreasing the thermal radiation contribution are shown. In particular, the influence of cell size, radiation transmission through solid membranes, and low-emissivity boundary surfaces are analyzed. Errors involved in steady techniques of measuring the thermal conductivity associated with radiation are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 323-327 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: In this paper we introduce the concept of the length of a transfer unit (LTU) for polymer devolatilization and show that the LTU is an appropriate measure of the effectiveness of the process unit in which the devolatilization operation is conducted. The utility of the concept is demonstrated for the case when the process unit is a twin screw extruder for which values of the LTU were determined from experimentally measured values of devolatilization rates. Values of the LTU were found to depend solely on the fluid mechanics in the extruder as expected and were in good agreement with the predictions of a theoretical expression developed for the system that was studied. Finally, we discuss the implications of the LTU concept in relation to the engineering design and analysis of polymer devolatilization processes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 328-336 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Whitening phenomena, characterized by optically opaque regions when a highly oriented glassy polymer is immersed in some liquids, were investigated as a function of temperature, extent of molecular orientation, different solvent and molecular weight, using oriented polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) obtained by hot-stretching and cold drawn polycarbonate (PC). Whitened PMMA is highly porous resembling foamed plastics and shows the same Tg as in unwhitened PMMA, while whitened PC is denser with much smaller pores and exhibits melting behavior characteristic of solvent-induced crystallinity. Whitening progresses with a sharp boundary between whitened and unwhitened layers, which advanced at a constant velocity. This feature is similar to Case II transport. However, whitening differs from Case II sorption in that it only occurs in highly oriented polymers in contact with liquids of negligible sorption. Activation enthalpy of 44.1 and 39.7 kcal/mol has been found in a certain temperature range for PMMA/N-methyl formamide (N-MF) and PC/di-isopropyl amine (DIPA) respectively. At a given temperature, a higher extent of orientation leads to faster whitening process. Entropy correlation theory, in which the decrease in the configurational entropy (ΔSc) due to orientation is assumed to approximate an inerease in the activation entropy, was employed to correlate the dependency of the whitening rate on orientation. For hotstretched PMMA, where ΔSc is proportionl to \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ (\alpha ^2 + 2/\alpha - 3) $\end{document} since affine deformation applies, a good correlation is observed. For cold drawn PC, correlation was poor, probably because ΔSc cannot be expressed to be proportational to \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ (\alpha ^2 + 2/\alpha - 3) $\end{document}. In PMMA, when the molecular weight is in the same order as the average molecular weight between entanglements, the orientation and the whitening rate are both lower than higher molecular weight speciments. This may be due to a smaller number of chain entanglements and consequent chain slippage. In PMMA, whitening induced liquids seem to have a solubility parameter somewhat greater (2.5 ∼ 5.0) than that of PMMA. For PC, no consistent tendency is found.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 394-398 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The mechanical behavior of polyurethane-poly(methyl methacrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks (PUR/PAc IPN's) was investigated. Stress-strain and impact resistance measurements were made on IPN's with a variable PUR content. The effect of the degree of crosslinking of each network on the mechanical properties was also studied. It appears that only the ultimate elongation varies largely upon changing the crosslink degree. The results are interpreted in terms of the contribution of each network to the mechanical behavior, but also by the interpenetration of both components and by the phase continuity of the PAc network.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 404-411 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The plane strain fracture toughness of medium density polyethylene pipe materials has been investigated over a range of test temperatures and rates. Conditions are defined under which valid fracture toughness values can be obtained; at higher temperatures the material is notch-insensitive. Fracture surface morphology is described, and features are compared with predictions from the Dugdale model. The toughness derives from a band of fibrillar, drawn morphology associated with crack initiation or slow growth. The plane strain fracture toughness correlates with percent crystallinity according to the same relationship whether the crystallinity is varied by thermal treatment, comonomer content, or molecular weight.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 776-778 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Fibers made of phenol formaldehyde are relatively new to the market place and are currently manufactured in Japan. They have certain characteristics which make them attractive as a reinforcement for rubber, thermoplastics, and thermosets. This paper will discuss the properties of molded polypropylene thermoplastics as a function of fiber weight percent and surface treatment. It is shown that the elevated temperature properties are improved without sacrifice of low-temperature brittleness.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 789-791 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Phase diagrams of two types of rigid rod polymer/flexible coil polymer/methanesulfonic acid (MSA) ternary systems were determined by polarized optical microscopy at ambient conditions. The rigid rod polymer is a wholly aromatic high temperature resistant (no measurable Tg) poly (p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) (PPBT). One of the flexible coil polymers is a wholly aromatic high temperature resistant poly (2,5′(6′) benzimidazole) (ABPBI), the other is a thermoplastic poly[2,2′ -(1-4-phenylene)-6,6′ -bis (3-phenyl-quinoxaline)] (PPQ) with Tg of 359°C. The solvent is methane-sulfonic acid (MSA). The experimentally determined critical concentration points, Ccr, are in excellent agreement with Flory's recent theory. Total phase segregation between the polymer pair in ternary solution was predicted and observed at C 〉 Ccr. Different decomposition mechanisms of phase separation were observed as a function of concentration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 792-796 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Thermotropic liquid crystal polymers consist of rod-like molecules and are often called “self reinforcing thermoplastics.” Their rheological behaviors as well as orientation development during processing are often very similar to those of short fiber-filled composites. Without reinforcement, the polymer shows superior mechanical properties to conventional glass fiber-reinforced engineering resins. The orientation distribution in the crosssection as well as flow patterns in the molded thermotropic polymers are clearly visible to the naked eye due to color differences. This makes it particularly convenient to study the orientation distribution as well as the flow patterns of packing, back flow, jetting, flow instabilities, and weld line formation in injection molding. This paper discusses physical properties of a typical ther motropic polymer and their relationship to mold filling process in the injection molding.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 816-819 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Structural and mechanical data have been compared for reaction injection molding (RIM) polyurethanes prepared from uretonimine-modified diphenylmethane 4,4′-diisocyanate (MDI), ethylene glycol (EG), and a polyol (a polyether; Mn ≃ 5000), in order to investigate the effect of addition of a small amount of a polyetherdiamine (PEDA; Mn ≃ 400) to the reaction mixture, A series of specimens containing 18 parts and 30 parts EG, with and without the diamine additive, were examined both as-prepared and after thermal annealing. The specimens were compared in terms of their x-ray crystallinity, elongation, flexural modulus, impact strength, and heat-sag behavior. All of the specimens showed evidence for crystalline hard segments, which are more abundant in the series containing 30 parts EG. The crystallinity is lowest in the as-prepared specimens without the PEDA additive, and is increased by annealing for 1 hour at 120°C. The as-prepared specimen with additive has a hard segment crystallinity similar to that of the annealed specimen without additive. These results correlate with the mechanical property data, which improve as a result of annealing and/or the use of a PEDA additive. It is argued that the use of the polyetherdiamine enhances the phase separation and facilitates hard segment crystallization, leading to better heat-sag behavior. It is significant that the unannealed/with PEDA and annealed/without PEDA specimens have similar properties. Use of PEDA additive improves the green strength and impact strength of molded parts.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 861-868 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: We have analyzed the deformation behavior of compatible and incompatible polystyrene (PS) and poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) blends by a combination of mechanical and vibrational spectroscopy. Macroscopic properties and segmental orientation were found to be sensitive to molecular weight, strain rate, and temperature of measurement above the glass-transition temperature. Considerably different orientation functions were found for the PS and PVME components. For the experiments carried out above the Tg of the blends, the deformation behavior measured was consistent with expectations of a rubbery network.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 888-894 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Physical Blends of ultrahigh-molecular-weight linear polyethylene (UHMW LPE) and normal-molecular-weight linear polyethylene (NMW LPE) have been evaluated in terms of melt flow rate, tensile stress-strain behavior, heat of fusion, melting temperature, and crystallinity. The behavior of the blends is intermediate between that of the parent polymers; no synergistic effects are observed. The addition of small quantities of NMW LPE does not improve the flow behavior of UHMW LPE sufficiently to render it amenable to conventional melt processing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 560-566 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: In order to analyze the failure phenomenon of plastic liners in freezers and refrigerators the mechanical properties of the freon blown polyurethane (PU) foam insulator material and the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic liner are determined. The properties considered essential for this problem are the elastic modulus, the tensile strength and the fracture toughness over the temperature range -40 to 20°C. By laminating a layer of the polyurethane foam to the ABS liner and depending on the test temperature brittle to semi-brittle fractures are promoted and the maximum load fracture toughness of the liner material is reduced. The reduction is more severe for notched bend than for single-edge notched tension specimens. Based on these mechanical properties plausible reasons for liner fractures are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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