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  • 1995-1999  (2,524)
  • 1945-1949  (578)
  • 1935-1939  (3,365)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (5,720)
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering  (746)
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  • 101
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition ; SnO2 ; SnBr4 ; copper(II) acetate ; gas sensors ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) was utilized to produce SnO2 films from SnBr4 plus air, O2 or N2O. SnO2 films were successfully generated using either 222 or 308 nm laser pulses but there was evidence for film contamination when using less than 60 mJ/pulse laser energies at 222 nm. Films were characterized using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy; the spectra of films with impurities resembled the spectrum of SnBr4. AFM images were obtained which indicated that this LCVD route produced small and fairly uniform SnO2 grains which were 50-100 nm in size. Multiphoton ionization spectroscopy was used to verify that the dissociation of a film dopant precursor, copper(II) acetate, produced gas-phase copper atoms under conditions similar to those used in film deposition experiments. The deposition of SnO2 from SnBr4 plus an oxidant was found to be more efficient than from di-n-butyl tin diacetate but films produced via this new LCVD route, including those doped with copper, were found to be much less sensitive in preliminary gas-sensing screening. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 155-160 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: tungsten trioxide ; electrochromism ; thin films ; chemical vapor deposition (CVD) ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crystalline and amorphous thin films of tungsten(VI) oxide can be prepared by chemical vapor deposition using a variety of volatile precursors below 500 °C. Deposition parameters for preparation of WO3 films from tungsten hexacarbonyl [W(CO)6], tungsten hexafluoride (WF6), tungsten ethoxides [W(OEt)x, x = 5, 6] and tetra(allyl)tungsten [W(η3-C3H5)4] are summarized. The electrochromic behavior of these films is comparable with that observed for WO3 films prepared by evaporation, sputtering and electrodeposition. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 103
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: chemical vapor deposition ; platinum ; palladium ; rhodium ; heterogeneous catalysts ; fluidized bed ; MOCVD ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new one-step method, entitled fluidized-bed metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (FBMOCVD) of preparing highly dispersed metal-supported catalysts is reported. The following complexes were studied and used as CVD precursors in presence of H2: [Rh(μ-Cl)(CO)2]2, Rh(allyl)3, Rh(acac)(CO)2, Pd(allyl)(hfac), Pd(allyl)(Cp), Pt(COD)(CH3)2. (acac, acetylacetonato; hfac, hexafluoroacetylacetonato; Cp, cyclopentadienyl; COD, cyclooctadienyl). In a first approach, depositions on planar substrates were carried out to establish the best experimental conditions to obtain good-quality deposits. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy and electron microprobe studies were realized on the resulting thin films. Analyses of the products contained in the gas phase after and during deposition were performed by mass spectrometry and GC-MS. Finally, catalysts prepared by FBMOCVD were characterized by transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersion spectroscopy (TEM-EDS), metal-loading determinations and specific-surface measurements (BET). Dispersed nanosized aggregates were obtained, showing high activities in alkene hydrogenation and alcohol hydrocarbonylation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 104
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) ; precursors ; titanium ; vanadium ; carbonitride ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ceramic thin films containing titanium, vanadium, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen were obtained on steel substrates at 873 K, under nitrogen and helium gases and at low pressure, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from two organometallic precursors, CpTiCl2N(SiMe3)2 and Cp2VMe2 (Cp, cyclopentadienyl). Independent TG-DTA-MS and CVD studies of the two precursors showed their ability to co-decompose within compatible temperature and pressure domains. The mechanism of the reactions occurring inside the CVD apparatus was also approached by GC-MS and NMR analyses of the condensed decomposition products. CVD conducted under He gas confirmed that the formation of nitride resulted from the nitrogen atoms of the precursor, but the nitrogen content in the films remained lower than approx. 5%. Higher nitrogen contents (up to 12%) were only obtained when using ammonia as a carrier gas. Both precursors being air- and moisture-sensitive, high-purity CVD equipment was used to reduce oxycarbide formation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 189-199 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: single-source precursor ; tetrakis(diethylamido)chromium ; pyrolysis mechanism ; MOCVD ; low-temperature deposition ; chromium carbonitride thin films ; hard metallurgical coatings ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Amorphous chromium carbonitride coatings with a low nitrogen content (3-8 at%) were deposited by low-pressure MOCVD in the temperature range 573-793 K using Cr(NEt2)4 as single-source precursor. This poor nitrogen incorporation is in agreement with the trends predicted by thermochemical calculations. XPS data, resistivity measurements and annealing experiments suggest that the films grown at 573 K are contaminated by organic species due to incomplete elimination of the ligands. The films deposited at higher temperature crystallize upon annealing at 873 K to form an orthorhombic ternary chromium carbonitride phase. The major volatile by-products of the MOCVD reaction were analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR. Their amount and the quasi-equimolar EtN=CHMe/HNEt2 ratio suggest that most of the NEt2 ligands are removed by a stepwise mechanism which probably occurs with other diethylamido complexes of transition metals when they are used as single-source precursors in MOCVD. The incorporation of the metalloid elements in the film is discussed in comparison with recent literature data. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 201-220 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: MOCVD ; molybdenum oxycarbide ; chromium oxycarbide ; coating ; kinetics ; microstructure ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A review of the coating kinetics of molybdenum and chromium oxycarbides and a study on the properties of deposited films are reported. Molybdenum carbonyl, chromium carbonyl and their mixture were used to prepare coatings at temperatures between 170 and 450 °C on SS304 or SiC substrates by a process of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The processing parameters of the coatings, such as the evaporation of precursors, coating pressure and temperature, are discussed along with the coating rates, compositions and other microstructural information, so to reveal the kinetics of the coating process on two different substrates. In addition, the chemical composition, crystalline phases and microstructure of the coatings obtained in various conditions are presented with the evidence interpreted by various electron-microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, including XRD, EDS, EPMA and XPS. The dependence of some properties, such as hardness, adhesive strength and corrosive resistance of the coatings on SS 304, on their composition and the deposited phases, i.e. as a function of coating temperature and pressure, is reviewed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 221-236 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: MOCVD ; barium ; liquid delivery ; mixed-metal species ; aerosol-assisted CVD ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conventional MOCVD techniques require molecules displaying volatility and constant vapor pressure. Metal oxide precursors, i.e., β-diketonates, or classical or functionalized metal alkoxides are mostly solids. The various approaches used to tailor volatility are discussed with barium derivatives as an example. The relationships between sublimation temperature and molecular weight suggest that volatility can be optimized on the basis of molecular weight.   Aerosol-assisted CVD (AACVD) can use a larger range of precursors since volatility is no longer crucial. The solvent is an undesired ballast in a CVD process. High solubility of the precursors in the selected solvent is thus desirable. ‘Stability’ here includes the absence of precipitation which would change the stoichiometry of the feed solution for multicomponent oxides. Precipitation is often promoted by hydrolysis; stability toward moisture is thus desirable. The use of mixtures of precursors based on different ligands (β-diketonates, β-ketoesterates, alkoxides) can lead to ligand exchange reactions giving homometallic species, sometimes of low solubility, or mixed-metal species by self-assembly, thus improving solubility and stability toward moisture. These aspects are illustrated in compositions related to high-Tc superconductors. Novel copper, yttrium, cerum(IV), barium-copper, yttrium-copper and praseodynium-copper species are reported. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 293-293 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 109
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 294-294 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 111
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 295-296 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 113
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 296-296 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 114
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 115
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 296-297 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 116
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 297-297 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 117
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 118
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 298-298 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 119
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 237-241 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: tin ; iodomethane ; solubilization ; methyltin species ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dissolution of tin metal by iodomethane-water mixtures has been studied and the influence of several parameters on both the extent and rate of reaction investigated. The rate-determining step shows a pseudo-first-order dependence on iodomethane (CH3I). The reaction is strongly dependent upon both water and oxygen. The activation energy of only 16 kJ mol-1 is interpreted in terms of a facile bond-breaking and making process at the metal surface, generating methyltin species. Analysis by hydride generation and GC-AA confirmed the formation of methylated species ranging from monomethyl- to tetramethyl-tin; inorganic tin (from hydrolysis) was the major form, however. These findings are similar to those made earlier by us on the solubilization of arsenic from GaAs by alkyl halide-water mixtures, and a similar multi-step scheme is proposed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 243-251 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: arsenic ; speciation ; algae ; Fucus gardneri ; arsenosugar ; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ; inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Arsenic speciation in a brown alga, Fucus gardneri, collected in Vancouver, B.C., Canada, was carried out by using high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). Hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) was used for total arsenic determination. The relative amounts of some arsenosugars 1 in growing tips are found to be different in comparison with the remainder of the plant. Fucus samples collected in summer contain 9 ppm of total arsenic. Most of the arsenic species are extractable. Fucus samples collected in winter contain relatively higher amounts of arsenic, 16-22 ppm, but only low amounts of this are extractable. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 121
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 253-256 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: disilane ; gas source MBE ; synchrotron radiation ; silicon hydride ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Surface hydrogen and growth mechanisms are investigated for synchrotron radiation (SR)-assisted gas source molecular beam epitaxy (SR-GSMBE) using Si2H6 on the Si(100) surface in the low-temperature region. The surface silicon hydrides (deuterides) are monitored in situ during the epitaxial growth by means of infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy with a Si(100) substrate and a CoSi2 buried metal layer. It is concluded that the chemisorption of gas-phase reactive species such as SiHn and H generated by SR irradiation and the subsequent hydrogen desorption are the key mechanisms of SR-GSMBE at low substrate temperatures. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 122
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 257-264 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Rochow reaction ; cesium chloride ; rubidium chloride ; silicon impurities ; action of promoters ; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cesium chloride- and rubidium chloride-promoted Rochow contact masses based on both technical-grade and highly pure silicon have been investigated in the Rochow reaction and by REM/EDX surface analysis. The alkali-salt promoters seem to act analogously to the well-known zinc promoter, by localizing the reaction to distinct reactive areas and keeping free the surface area for the reaction, probably for the formation of catalytically active Cu-Si surface species. The alkali salts exhibited their promoting action only in combination with the impurities within the technical-grade silicon. Otherwise, they acted as blocking poisons. The promoter action of alkali chlorides in contact masses based on technical-grade silicon is possibly connected with the formation of salt melts, containing alkali chlorides and impurities. These melts, analogously to zinc chloride, could dissolve oxidic impurities from the silicon surface which otherwise would enhance the blocking of potentially active surface by extensive copper deposition. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 123
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: carbohydrate surfactants ; wetting behaviour ; siloxane ; silane ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The wetting behaviour of carbohydrate surfactants bearing siloxane, carbosilane, polysilane or silane moieties has been investigated. By static surface tension (γlv, σ) and wetting tension (γsv-γsl, α) measurements on a non-polar perfluorinated surface (FEP®), the contact angles of aqueous surfactant solutions above the critical micelle formation concentration (cmc) were determined. Surface tension and wetting tension react independently on defined changes in the chemical structure of the surfactant molecules. Siloxane surfactants reduce the surface tension most effectively, whereas for a neopentyl-substituted silane derivative the lowest solid/liquid interfacial tension was found. The data for isomeric siloxanes, carbosilanes and silanes suggest that donor-acceptor forces at solid interfaces have a maximum range of about 4.5 Å. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 124
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 277-284 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: carboxylation ; methane ; carbon monoxide ; ytterbium(III) acetate ; manganese(II) acetate ; sodium hypochlorite ; acetic acid ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method of synthesis of acetic acid in water has been developed from the carboxylation of methane with carbon monoxide using lanthanide catalysts. Ytterbium(III) acetate has been found to be the most active catalyst among the compounds of the lanthanide series in the carboxylation reaction of methane with carbon monoxide. Sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide was used as the oxidant in this reaction. Sodium hypochlorite exhibited more favorable activity than hydrogen peroxide in the reaction. The catalytic activity was improved by the addition of transition-metal salts such as manganese(II) acetate. The best result has been found at a ratio of manganese(II) acetate to ytterbium(III) acetate of 1:10. The optimum reaction conditions (reaction temperature, 40 °C; time, 20 h; methane, 20 atm; carbon monoxide, 5 atm) have been obtained. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 125
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 298-299 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 126
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Nickel-σ-organyl complexes ; dispersed atomic Ni(0) ; Ni(I) ions ; silica ; EPR ; FMR ; spectrum calculation ; strain ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dispersed atomic nickel(0) is formed during the reaction of the nickel-σ-organyl complexes with silanol groups at temperatures below 373 K. That nickel is oxidized to Ni(I) by protons of the silanol groups in a consecutive step. The Ni(I) portion amounts to about 70% w/w of the Ni used. Six different Ni(I) species are detected by electron paramagnetic resonance. They are stabilized by interaction with the silica surface and the organic moieties; they act as anchor ions for the Ni(0) atoms. Ni(0) crystallites stabilized in this way are about 0.5 nm in diameter after a treatment at 373 K. The influence of the Ni(I) ions on the collective, magnetic properties of the clusters is revealed by calculation of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra using the independent-grain approach according to Schlömann and Kotyukov. A strain of about 10 GPa is brought about in the nickel crystallites by the interaction with Ni(I) ions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 127
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: magnetization reversal ; iron oxide particles ; SQUID ; atomic force microscopy ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report first measurements of the magnetization reversal of monodisperse 30 nm and 50 nm ferromagnetic Fe3O4 particles. These particles are produced in a carrier gas as an aerosol by spray pyrolysis. After production and size selection, they are precipitated on a silicon chip with a niobium SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) incorporated on its surface. By changing a magnetic field in the plane of the SQUID, we can measure the magnetization reversal of the particles by the flux they induce into the SQUID. The angular dependence of this reversal is determined by rotating the magnetic field around the SQUID. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images have confirmed the particle size and revealed the position of the collected particles. If the particle concentration is too high, we cannot detect changes in the magnetic moment of a single particle, but measure the magnetic properties of the whole assembly. If only a few particles are found on the SQUID loop the angular dependence of the magnetic reversal of a single particle can be measured; this result is compared with a simple model of magnetization reversal. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 128
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 337-340 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: porous silicon ; luminescence ; light-assisted etching ; atomic force microscopy ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present an investigation into a new technique for producing luminescent porous silicon with controlled lateral microstructure. The process is based on the effect of laser-assisted stain etching of silicon with hydrofluoric acid solution. With the further goal of preparing two-dimensional periodical arrays of luminescent microdots, we studied the accuracy of the technique by etching single submillimetre structures with a low-power laser. The size and exact position of the etched area are controlled by laser focusing and movement, respectively, with submillimetre accuracy. Samples exhibit orange luminescence when illuminated with UV or blue light.We have studied the dependence of the efficiency of the luminescence, the structure and the rate of etching on parameters such as the HF concentration, the intensity and wavelength of illumination and the doping level of the silicon wafer. Optimization of the process parameters, and consistency with assumed mechanisms of luminescence and etching process, are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 129
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 341-346 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: silver halides ; nanoparticles ; pseudoisocyanine ; stability ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pseudoisocyanine (PIC) was adsorbed on colloidal silver halide nanoparticles where it formed aggregates (J-aggregates). The nanoparticles were prepared using a surfactant (AOT)/n-heptane/water microemulsion. The molecules of pseudoisocyanine replaced the molecules of surfactant (AOT) on the surface of the nanoparticles and caused an instability of the silver bromide dispersion. The stability could be improved by two methods: either by using an adsorption inhibitor (e.g. p-xylene) or by adding another surfactant (CTAB). The adsorption has also been carried out at low temperature: the stability of the particles was then improved, and the J-aggregates are smaller. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 130
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 387-391 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: colloidal manganese ; ESR ; susceptibility ; antiferromagnetism ; superparamagnetism ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reduction of MnBr2·2THF (THF = tetrahydrofuran) using K[BEt3H] yields the organosol [Mn·0.3THF]x. According to the UV/Vis, ESR (electron spin resonance spectroscopy), HRTEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and XAS (X-ray absorption spectroscopy) data, this nanosized metal colloid consists of small THF-stabilized Mn0 particles which show, in susceptibility investigations, a diminished magnetic coupling as deduced from the Weiss temperature, Θ = 96 K. The Neél temperature TN is likewise strongly reduced in comparison with the bulk value (95 K). The THF-stabilized Mn0 particles exhibit superparamagnetism below 20 K, with a partial blocking at 10 K, and to our knowledge represent the first colloid consisting of particles of an elemental antiferromagnetic metal. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 131
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 305-314 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: mesoporous ; oxides ; nanostructures ; luminescence ; zeolites ; guest/host ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ordered porous inorganic compounds can now be synthesized with pore sizes between 0.3 nm and several tens of nanometers. The sharp pore size distribution of such materials and the ordered pore arrangement open possibilities for using them to organize matter on the nanometer scale. This overview highlights different aspects of this topic, using four selected examples: the spatial organization of molecules with high molecular hyperpolarizability to create a frequency-doubling element; the encapsulation of a laser dye which results in a new class of solid-state lasers; the encapsulation of small metal clusters in mesoporous ordered oxides; and the encapsulation of semiconductor clusters in such oxides. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 132
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 401-408 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Metallocene ; Ziegler-Natta ; Polypropylene ; α-Olefins ; Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of propylene using a mixture of racemic metallocenes and Ziegler-Natta catalysts was investigated. The polypropylene was obtained as a mixture of a fine powder and beads, with the powder being absorbed partially on the beads. The relative amount of the powder can be controlled by the concentration of the metallocene. The compatibility between the components of the mixed catalytic systems and the effect of the components on the rate of polymerization and on the properties of the new polymers were studied. The metallocene system dramatically affects the melt viscosity, isotacticity and molecular weight of the polymers. The two catalytic systems are able to act jointly, producing different polymers, for which separate melting and crystallization temperatures are obtained. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 133
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: density functional calculation ; binuclear metal carbonyl ; Cr2(CO)6+ ; laser ablation ; molecular beam ; optimized structures ; dissociation energy ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Density functional calculations have been made on a binuclear metal carbonyl ion Cr2(CO)6+ found in our laser ablation-molecular beam (LAMB) experiment. Optimized structures are calculated for three different conformations: T33 of D3d symmetry with three terminal carbonyl groups on each chromium atom, B2T22 of D2h symmetry with two bridging carbonyl groups and two terminal carbonyl groups on each chromium atom, and B4T11 of D4h symmetry with four bridging carbonyl groups and one terminal carbonyl group on each chromium atom. The most stable conformation is T33 which is 36.76 and 286.44 kJ mol-1 lower in energy than B2T22 and B4T11, respectively. The difference of conformation exerts a significant influence on the internuclear distance between chromium and the carbon of terminal CO, but hardly on the Cr-Cr bond length. For B2T22 and B4T11, longer C-O distances for bridging carbonyls compared with those for terminal ones indicate effective π*-back donation from the chromium atom to the bridging carbonyl groups. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Cr2(CO)n+ (n = 0-6) observed in our previous experimental study can be explained qualitatively by comparison of the excess energy produced in the formation of a Cr+-Cr bond with the CO dissociation energy of Cr2(CO)6+. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 134
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 467-468 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 135
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 468-468 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 136
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 137
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: metal clusters ; quantum-size effect ; nanostructures ; size effects ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Meta-cluster compounds can be exploited advantageously to study the evolution, with increasing size of the molecules of the physical properties of metal clusters from molecular to bulk-metal behavior. The metal-cluster molecules are well-defined, stoichiometric, chemical compounds. The molecules consist of a metal core of a variable number of atoms, surrounded by a shell of ligand atoms or molecules. Depending on the compound, the type of metal atom may be varied, whereas the core size can be changed from a few up to several thousands of atoms. Accordingly, these materials provide excellent model systems for monodisperse metal particles, embedded in a dielectric matrix, and can be investigated by the well-known experimental techniques of solid-state physics. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 138
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 815-818 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: desilylation ; hydroxyquinones t-butyldimethylsilyl ethers ; potassium fluoride ; tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Desilylation of a series of hydrolytically stable hydroxyquinone t-butyldimethylsilyl ethers was achieved in high yields by the use of potassium fluoride in the presence of catalytic amounts of aqueous 48% hydrobromic acid (HBr), or basic aluminium oxide (Al2O3), and tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (Bu4NF) as cleaving agents. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 139
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 541-549 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: organotin speciation ; analytical validation procedure ; organotin sediment extraction ; Grignard derivatization ; organotin extraction stability ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of several extraction variables such as acid concentration and strength (e.g. for HCl and HOAc), the presence of complexing agents (e.g. tropolone, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate) in the extracting mixture, solvent polarity (e.g. hexane, toluene) and sonication time for native butyl- and phenyl-tin compounds from sediment was evaluated. A toluene-HOAc mixture (10:4) yields the highest extraction efficiency for all the analytes and minimizes the degradation of trialkyl- and triaryl-tins during the extraction under sonication. In addition, losses of underivatized monobutyltin and monophenyltin were minimized in several steps of the analytical procedure. The analytical procedure developed was validated against existing CRMs for butyltin determination. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 140
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 667-673 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: polysilanes ; poly(dimethylsiloxane) ; polyphosphazenes ; atom transfer radical polymerization ; controlled/‘living’ radical polymerization ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recent advances in the synthesis of block, graft and star polymers containing inorganic macromolecular species are described. Anionic copolymerization techniques were used in the for-­mation of diblock copolymers of poly(styrene-block-methylphenylsilylene) and poly(isoprene-block-methylphenylsilylene) by the ring-opening polymerization of 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetraphenylcyclotetrasilane initiated by living anionic polystyrene and isoprene respectively. Hydrosilation of an attachable initiator onto telechelic vinyl- or hydrosilyl-terminal or­-pendant poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) yielded a PDMS macroinitiator. This macroinitiator was used in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and isobornyl acrylate to produce ABA triblock copolymers. As a model for graft copolymers from a polyphosphazene backbone, chemical trans-­formation of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene­resulted in hexafunctional molecules containing either benzyl bromide or bromopropionyl moieties. The initiator 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexakis[4-(2-bromopropionyloxymethyl)phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene was used in the ATRP of styrene to yield a polymer with a narrow, monomodal molecular weight distribution. Chain extension of this star polymer with isobornyl acrylate is also described. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 141
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 695-705 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: poly(silylenemethylene) ; polycarbo-­silane ; silicon carbide ; precursor ; polysilaethy-­lene ; disilacyclobutane ; pyrolysis ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Work carried in the authors laboratory on Si-CH2-Si bridged polycarbosilanes is reviewed. In pursuit of high-yield polymeric precursors to silicon carbide, convenient synthetic routes to both linear and hyperbranched polycarbosilanes having a ‘[SiH2CH2]n’ compositional formula have been developed. The linear [SiH2CH2]n polymer was prepared by ring-opening polymerization of a substituted disilacyclobutane, and was studied both as an analogue of polyethylene and as a high-yield precursor to SiC. Elaboration of the methods employed to prepare this polymer has yielded a wide range of new poly(silylenemethylene)s (PSMs) of the type [SiRR′CH2]n, where R and R′ can be a wide range of different groups, including a series of symmetrically disubstituted polymers with R = R′ = F, alkyl and alkoxy which form crystalline solid phases and various amorphous, atactic polymers having different R and R′ groups. By using (Si)-Cl replacement reactions analogous to those developed previously for polydichlorophosphazene, as well as hydrosilation reactions similar to those used for [Si(H)(Me)O]n, a series of side-chain polymers having various groups attached to Si through Si-C or Si-O bonded linkages were obtained. Similar polymer modification reactions have recently been developed for the branched oligomer/polymer analogue of these linear polycarbosilanes, leading to hyperbranched species with functional substituents, including a di(ethyleneoxy) methyl ether-terminated derivative which readily dissolves lithium salts. The results of studies of these novel ‘inorganic/organic’ hybrid polycarbosilanes are described and their properties are compared with those of related carbon-backbone and siloxane polymers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 142
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    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 12 (1998), S. 787-792 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium ; amminolysis ; precursor ; pyrolysis ; titanium nitride ; Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Precursors possessing Ti-N bonds were prepared by the reactions between Ti(NMe2)4 and each of three diamines H2NCH2CH2NH2, Me(H)NCH2CH2N(H)Me, HN(CH2CH2)2NH (Ti(NMe2)4:diamine = 1:2), and were converted into ceramics by pyrolysis. The reactions with H2NCH2CH2NH2 and HN(CH2CH2)2NH led to the formation of insoluble solids, whereas a soluble oil was obtained by the reaction with Me(H)NCH2CH2N(H)Me. The pyrolyses under argon gave carbon-rich Ti(N,C,O) phases,­but those under NH3- N2 resulted in the formation of Ti(N,C,O) phases with higher nitrogen contents. Despite the difference in precursor structures the pyrolysis behavior of three precursors under argon was rather similar, suggesting that the precursor obtained from Me(H)NCH2CH2N(H)Me was effectively cross-linked during pyrolysis. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 143
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Alkoxopalladium(II) ; Conformational analysis ; Hydrogen bonding ; Two-dimensional and cage structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of palladium acetate with two equivalents of di- and triethanolamines RN(CH2CH2OH)2 in the presence of a base affords the new chelate-stabilized alkoxo Pd(II) complexes [Pd(OCH2CH2N(R)CH2CH2OH)2] [R = Me (1), Et (2), n-Bu (3), benzyl (4) or CH2CH2OH (5)]. These N,O-ligated complexes are isolated in high yield as yellow, crystalline solids and are thermally stable despite the presence of several β-hydrogen atoms in the ligand system. Both complexes possess a square-planar palladium coordination geometry with the two oxygen atoms positioned mutually trans. The most notable difference in the molecular structures is that 1 forms a two dimensional network of intermolecular O-H≡O hydrogen bonds, whereas 5 forms intramolecular O-H⃛O hydrogen bonds, which cage the palladium center. In solution 1-4 exist as a diastereoisomeric mixture (a racemic enantiomeric pair SNSN, RNRN and a mesomeric form RNSN) in a 1:1 molar ratio, and this ratio is independent of temperature in nonalcoholic solvents, When complexes 1-4 are dissolved in protic solvents (e.g. MeOH) the diastereomeric excess is temperature-dependent due to an exchange process between the meso diastereoisomer and the (racemic) enantiomeric pair. Thermodynamic parameters for this process in a mixture of MeOH-toluene have been determined with NMR and show this process to be influenced by the steric nature of the alkyl substituent (R) on nitrogen. A conformational analysis based on 1H-NMR coupling constants within the N,O-chelate ring of complexes 1-4 provides details on the solution structure of the ring in both diastereoisomers.
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  • 144
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbamates ; Catalysis ; Substituted nitrobenzenes ; Palladium ; Reductive carbonylation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The palladium-catalyzed reductive carbonylation of ortho and para-substituted nitrobenzenes has proven to be an attractive route for the synthesis of functionalized carbamates. For the Pd(1, 10-phenanthroline)2(triflate)2 catalyst system, the scope of the reaction has been studied. Substrates with electron-donating substituents at the para position were found to decrease the catalytic activity, most probably as a result of their relatively low oxidizing capacity. the selectivity towards the desired carbamate, however, was increased for these substrates. Under the influence of electron-withdrawing substituents the azoxybenzene and azobenzene derivatives became important side products. Introduction of large steric hindrance at the ortho position of the nitro substrates gave rise to an interesting side reaction, viz. methoxylation of the aromatic ring. The methoxylation reaction appeared to occur on an intermediate species in the catalytic cycle. Several functionalities have shown to be resistant to the reaction conditions required for the conversion ot the nitro group. Especially with 4-nitrobenzoic acid, an extremely high activity and selectivity was found, thus yielding a very convenient synthesis for N-protected amines containing carboxylic acid function.
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  • 145
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Isothiazole complexes ; Dinuclear silver(I) complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of isothiazole-based potential ligands bearing substituents with additional donor sites in the 5-position of the heterocycle was synthesized [3-Me-5-R-C3HNS; R = CH=N(CH2)2py (1), CH=NCH2py (2), CH2N(CH2CH2NEt2)2 (4), (CH2)2SMe (5)]. Upon reaction with AgO3SCF3 they formed complexes [(1)AgOSO2CF3]2 (6), [(2)AgOSO2CF3]2 (7), [(4)Ag]2+2(O3SCF-3)2 (8) and [(5)AgOSO2CF3]2 (9), respectively. 6, 8 and 9 were shown by X-ray structural analyses to consist of dimeric units L2Ag2+2, either discrete (8), coordinated by terminal CF3SO-3 units (6). In 8 and 9 the isothiazole moiety is bonded to the metal center via the ring-N. The coordination potential of the isothiazole heterocycle is discussed.
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  • 146
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 115-118 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Gold complexes ; Bromonium complex ; Halogenonium complex ; Halogen, two-coordinate ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of (R3P)AuX (X = Cl, Br, I) with [(R3P)Au]+ BF-4 obtained from (R3P)AuCl and AgBF4 in tetrahydrofuran, lead to cationic binuclear gold(I) complexes of the general formula ([(R3P)Au]2X}+ BF-4. A number of chloro- (R = Ph, o-Tol, Mes, Bzl, Et), bromo- (R = Ph, o-Tol, Mes) and iodo-bridged (R = Ph, Mes) complexes of this type have been isolated and identified on the basis of their analytical and spectroscopic data. The crystal structure of bis[(triphenylphosphane)gold(I)]bromonium tetrafluoroborate was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cations contain two-coordinate bromine atoms with an Au-Br-Au angle of 96.83(3)°.
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  • 147
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Arene complexes ; Ruthenium compounds ; Electrophilic substitution ; Lithiation ; Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chiral or achiral (arene)(COD)Ru complexes can be made by replacing the η6-ligands of (η4-1,5-COD)(η6-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene)Ru (1) or (η4-1,5-COD)(η6-naphthalene)Ru (2) by a suitable arene. This well known reaction has been extended to mono- and dibromoarenes and we report a novel route to substituted (arene)(COD)Ru species, utilizing (bromoarene)-(COD)Ru as starting materials. These facilitate a rapid bromine-lithium exchange reaction with nBuLi at low temperatures and the lithiated species react readily with alkyl chloroformates as electrophiles. By using chiral electrophiles [alkyl = (-)-menthyl] enantiomerically pure or diastereomeric complexes containing CO2R* groups are formed, depending on the symmetry of the original complex. A diastereomeric 1:1 mixture was separated by recrystallization. All (arene)-(COD)Ru complexes tested so far are useful as catalysts for the hydrogenation of simple alkenes at room temperature.
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  • 148
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 145-154 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Fluorocarbons ; C-F bond activation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The main reaction pathways which lead to the breaking of C-F bonds in perfluoroalkanes and -arenes are discussed. Emphasis is placed on recent developments and on the mechanistic patterns that emerge.
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  • 149
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The metal-vapor reactions of Co atoms with 1,3-tBu2CpH (1a), 1,3-tBu2CpH (1a), 1,2,4-tBu3CpH (1b) and EtMe4CpH (1c) are described. With 1a the two mononuclear complexes [(η5-tBu2Cp) (η4-tBu2-1,3-cyclopentadiene)Co] (2a) and [(η5-tBu2Cp)2Co] (3a) were isolated, together with the dinuclear cobalt cluster [{(η5-tBu2Cp)Co}2H3] (4a) and trace amounts of the tetranuclear cluster [{(η5-tBu2Cp)CoH}4] (5a). The molecular structures of 3a and 4a were determined by X-ray diffraction. Reaction of 1b with Co atoms afforded a single product, the dinuclear cluster [{(η5-tBu3Cp)Co}2H3] (4b), whose molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both, 4a and 4b exhibit extremely short Co-Co distances [2.244(1) (4a) and 2.242(1) Å (4b)], as found for the Me5Cp analog [{(η5-Me5Cp)Co}2H3] (4c). Reaction of an isomeric mixture of Me4EtCpH (1c) with Co atoms furnished the mononuclear sandwich [ (η5-Me4EtCp)(η4-Me4Et-1,3- cyclopentadiene)Co] (2b), the trinuclear hydridocobalt cluster [{(η5-Me4EtCp)Co}3H4] (6a) and the tetranuclear hydridocobalt cluster [{(η5-Me4EtCp)Co}4H4] (5c). The molecular structure of 5c was determined by X-ray crystallography and revealed a tetrahedral arrangement of the cobalt atoms. The electrochemical behavior of the dinuclear complexes 4a-4c was studied by cyclic voltammetry. Reversible redox couples were found for all three compounds, with a correlation between the degree of alkyl substitution and their respective cathodic shifts. Compounds 4a and 4b react with CO to yield the mononuclear and dinuclear complexes [ (η5- CpR)Co(CO)2] (R=1,3-tBu2, 1,2,4-tBu3) (7a and 7b) as well as [{(η5-CpR)CO}2(CO)2] (8a and 8b). Reaction of the trinuclear hydridocobalt cluster 6a and its Me5Cp analog 6b with AgBF4 in the presence of PEt3 yielded the heteronuclear clusters [{η5-Me4CPR)Co}3AgP(Et)3H4]+[BF4]- (R=Et, Me) (9a and 9b). 9a was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography.
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  • 150
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Metallated methyl isopropenyl ether ; Tetrahydrofurans ; 1-Oxabicyclo[4.3.0]heptanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl isopropenyl ether (1) has been metallated at low temperature with a 1:1 molar mixture of n-BuLi/t-BuOK in THF-hexane, and subsequently functionalized with a variety of electrophilic reagents. At temperatures higher than - 30°C, the metallated methyl isopropenyl ether (2) decomposes with formation of allene. When the suspension of 2 is allowed to warm up to room temperature in the presence of an additional equivalent of n-BuLi, the intermediary allene is converted into 1-propynyllithium (2c), which reacts with propylthiocyanate to give 1-propylthio-1-propyne (4). Some of the functionalization products were subjected to acidic hydrolysis affording the expected methyl ketones.
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  • 151
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 55-62 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diastereoselective hydrogenation ; Folic acid ; Immobilized optically active rhodium(I)/diphosphane catalysts ; Leucovorin ; HPLC analysis of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For the hydrogenation of the C=N bonds in the pyrazine ring of the vitamin folic acid (1) optically active rhodium(I)/diphosphane complexes immobilized on supports such as silica gel or Al2O3 were used. The reduction was carried out at 50 bar hydrogen pressure in an aqueous solution buffered to pH 7. Thus, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (2) was obtained which contains a new asymmetric center at C-6 of the pterine system. Therefore, in combination with the (S) configuration of the natural L-glutamic acid part of the molecule two diastereomers with (6S,S) and (6R,S) configuration arise. The relatively unstable tetrahydrofolic acid (2) was converted into its 5-formyl derivative folinic acid (4) by treatment with methyl formate/formic acid in a 5:1 mixture of DMSO/pyridine. The Ca salt of folinic acid (4) is the widely used drug leucovorin. The diastereomers were separated by silica gel HPLC. To the column bovine serum albumine (BSA) is covalently bound. With optically active rhodium(I)/diphosphane catalysts, immobilized on silica gel supports, a diastereoselectivity of up to 90% could be achieved in the hydrogenation of folic acid (1).
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  • 152
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 405-408 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hexahydro-closo-hexaborates ; Boron ; Bridging ligands ; NMR spectroscopy ; Gold ; Copper ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By reaction of (PPh3)3 CuCl and PPh3AuCl with [B6H6]2- in organic media, dinuclear complexes are formed containing the hexaborate as a bridging ligand coordinated to the metal centers by opposite B3 facets of the B6 cluster in a trihapto mode. This is verified by single-crystal X-ray structural analysis of the isotypical (Paā) compounds [Cu2μ-bis-η3-B6H6)(PPh3)2] (1) and [Au2(μ-bis-η3-B6H6)(PPh3)2)] (2) which showed the metal centers to be very close to the B3 plane [1.92 (1), 2.10 (2) Å. The 11B NMR spectra of the two compounds feature doublets, at δ= -15.32 in 1 and at -11.51 in 2, which are significantly shifted downfield in comparison to [B6H6]2- (δ= -17.2).
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  • 153
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 425-429 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silver complexes ; Crown compounds ; Thioethers ; 1,3-Dithioles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The coordination chemistry of two crown thioethers 2,5,8,10,12-pentathiabicyclo[7.3.0]dodeca-1)9)-ene-11-thione (L) and -11-one (L') with Ag1 has been investigated by structural methods. Both thioethers act as tridentate ligands coordinating the silver ion in a trigonal fashion. In the case L, the 11- thione sulfur is coordinated additionally by another silver ion, to yield a polymeric chain with a distorted-tetrahedral geometry about the metal ion. Despite differing only in its carbonyl chalcogen, L' forms six-coordinated, monomeric complexes.
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  • 154
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 433-442 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Metallobiosites ; Metalloproteins ; Metalloenzymes ; Dinucleating ligands ; Transition metals ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Awareness of the asymmetric nature of numerous dinuclear metallobiosites and of the ability of the individual metal ions to have quite distinct roles in the functioning of the metalloenzyme concerned has led to a search for carefully designed unsymmetric dinucleating ligands that will give dinuclear complexes capable of acting as models for the metallobiosites. This review surveys progress made in the design and synthesis of complexes capable of serving as models for donor atom, coordination number and geometric asymmetries found at dinuclear metal centres.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 155
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Alkali metal organophosphanylamide ; Carbon-potassium bonding ; Phosphazane ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The metalation of bis(diphenylphosphanyl)amine [HN-(PPh2)2,1 with KOtBu at 95°C in toluene affords a pale yellow precipitate of potassium bis(diphenylphosphanyl)amide (3a). On addition of liquid N,N,N′,N“,N“-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA, 4) the precipitate dissolves in toluene at 115°C to give a yellow solution, from which yellow-green blocks of [(Ph2P)2NK·PMDTA] (3b) are obtained. X-ray analysis reveals that the coordination sphere of potassium consists of the chelating triamine ligand and [N(PPh2)2]- as N-donor as well as η1 and η2 C-donor with two phenyl fragments. No phosphorus coordination of [N(PPh2)2]- is observed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 156
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphaalkynes ; Triorganoaluminium compounds ; Cooligomerization ; Cage compounds ; Aluminium compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: When the trialkylaluminium reagents 5 are allowed to react with phosphaalkynes 4 in n-pentane, a highly selective phosphaalkyne cyclotrimerization with incorporation of two organometallic units occurs (→ 6). The tetracyclooctane derivatives 6a-e represent the first examples of phosphorus-aluminium-carbon cage compounds. The polycyclic products 6 are able to function as ligands in transition-metal complexes (→ 7), which is illustrated by the reactions of 6b, c with nonacarbonyldiiron and pentacarbonyl(tetrahydrofuran)tungsten, respectively.
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  • 157
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 283-289 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc ; Sulfonate ligands ; Perchlorates ; Coordination modes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Attempts are reported to incorporate sulfonate and perchlorate anions as ligands in zinc complexes of tripodal ligands. Using tris(benzimidazolylmethyl)amine (BIMA) only the aqua complexes [ (BIMA)Zn-OH2](RSO3)(ClO4) and [(BIMA)Zn-OH2](RSO3)2(R=CH3, CF3, p-tolyl) were accessible. Using substituted pyrazolylborates (Tp*), the same three sulfonate anions were found to be ligands in the complexes Tp*Zn-OSO2R. Spectroscopic evidence for perchlorate coordination in Tp*ZnClO4 · 2 DMSO conflicts with crystallograpic evidence against it in Tp*ZnClO4 · pyridine. The crystal structures of [(BIMA)Zn-OH2](CH3SO3)2, TpCum,MeZn-OS02CH3, TPtBu,MeZn-OSO2C6H4-p-CH3, and [TpCum,MeZn · NC5H5]ClO4 were determined.
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  • 158
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 295-298 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Rhenium ; Oxides ; Alkyl ligands ; Dirhenium compounds ; Metal-metal interactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Most alkylrhenium(VII) oxides, e.g. ((cyclo)-C3H5)Re03 (2) are rather sensitive to temperature and moisture with the prominent exception of methyltrioxorhenium (1). The corresponding alkylrhenium(VI) oxides of formula [RR′(O)- Re(μ-O)]2 [R=R′=(cyclo)-C3H5 (3), iPr (4); R=CH3, R′=C2H5 (5), R=CH3, R′=iPr (6)] are much more stable in this regard. They can be handled in air at room temperature. They were synthesized from Re207 and dialkylzinc precursors, fully characterized and are available in much higher yields than their ReVII congeners. Mixed tetraalkyltetraoxodirhenium(VI) complexes (R # R′) synthesized from 1 and dialkylzinc compounds form as a mixture of cis/trans isomers. They are oily liquids at room temperature. The Re=O and Re-Re stretching force constants as a measure of the bond strengths, were determined from IR and Raman data.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 159
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 335-340 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Allylsilanes ; Superbases ; Metalations ; Stereoselectivity ; Cyclizations ; Silicon ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: When treated with two equivalents of a butyllithium/potassium tert-butoxide mixture, terminal olefins carrying unprotected hydroxy or carboxy groups generate allylmetal intermediates which can be trapped with chlorotrimethylsilane to afford functionalized (Z)-2-alkenyltrimethylsilanes. One equivalent of the superbasic reagent suffices if the unsaturated alcohols are first protected as acetals before being subjected to the metalation/silylation/hydrolysis sequence.
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  • 160
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Metallacycloalkanes ; Metallacycloalkenes ; Osmium ; Iron ; Cyclic ketones ; Metallacycles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of the bis(triflates) [F3CSO3-(CH)m-O3SCF3] [m = 5-10, 12, 14, 16 (1a-i) with Na2[Os(CO)4] in dimethyl either affords the osmacycloalkanes 2a, 2b and 2f-i (m = 5, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16), diosmacycloalkanes 3a-i (m = 5-10, 12, 14, 16), and triosmacycloalkanes 4a-i (m = 5-10, 12, 14, 16). The structure of 3f was investigated by an X-ray structural analysis. This 22-membered disomacycle crystallizes in the space group Pā with Z = 1. If the unsaturated cis-4-octen-1,8-diyl bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) (5) is treated with Na2[Os(CO)4] the diosmacyclooctadeca-5,14-diene 6 is obtained. By treating the bis(triflates) 1a, b with Na2[Fe(CO)4] the corresponding ferracycloalkanes are formed only in situ. Insertion of carbon monoxide into the M-C σ bonds leads to the cyclic ketones 7a, d and to the diketone 8d.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 161
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Pyrrolidinephosphanes ; 3-Hydroxypyrrolidine ; 3-Diphenylphosphanylpyronlidine ; Salt effects ; Polymorphism ; Homogeneous catalysis ; Palladium ; Asymmetric catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of both enantiomers of 3-diphenylphosphanulpyrrolidiine (2) and several N-substituted derivatives together with two PdIi complexes of this ligand is reported. Form L-malic acid and L-hydroxyproline both enantiomers of 3-hydroxypyrrolidine are prepared without any problems due to epimerization. KPPh2 in the presence of LiCl is shown to be the most effective reagent for the synthesis of 2. The reported X-ray structure determination sof Pdl2 complexes show a rather rigid bicyclic hetero-norbornane skeleton. The flexibility of the other parts of the molecules is obvious in several polymorphs revealed by this method. This polymorphism is additionally investigated by a 31P-CP-MAS study. From solution 1-, 13C- and 31P-NMR studies it is concluded that the bicyclic hetero-norbornane skeleton is retained in solution.
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  • 162
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trichlorosilylation ; Dichlorophosphanes ; Silylphosphanes ; Amino(silyl)phosphanes ; Silicon /Reductions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of hexachlorodisilane and of trichlorosilane/triethylamine with alkyl-and dialkylaminodichlorophosphanes RPCl2 1a-i [R = iPr: a; (Me3Si)2CH: b; R=1-adamantly: c: R=tBu: d; R=Et2N: e; R=iPr2M: f] furnish bis(trichlorosilyl)-phosphanes RP(SiCl3)2 3a-f. However, when less bulky substituents are attached to the phosphorus atom, so that there is little steric crowding, the double reductive silylations leading from 1 to 3 are accompanied by side reactions and decomposition of 3. Therefore, only 3b, 3c, 3d, and 3f wre isolated in a pure state. These compounds are more readily prepared by the; trichlorosilane/triethylamine method. 1H-, 31P- and 29Si-Nmr spectra confirm their constitution. The structure of solid 3f, the first aminobis(trichlorosilyl)phosphane, was determined by X-ray crystallography. 3f contains a phosphorus atom in a pyramidal environment surrounded by two silicon atoms and a planar nitrogen atom of the diisopropylamino group.
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  • 163
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 417-420 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Gallium ; Low-valent compounds ; Gallium-gallium bond ; Terminal triphenytriazenido ligand ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]digallane (4) 1 reacts with 1,3-diphenyltriazene to yield two compounds, which were both characterized by a crystal structure determination. The gallium-gallium bond is retained in the yellow derivate [(H5C6)2N3](R)Ga-Ga(R)[N3(C6H5)2 2 [R = CH(SiMe3)2], which is formed by a ligand exchange reaction and shows two terminal chelating triazenido ligands besides two bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl groups; the Ga—Ga bond length is 245.79(6) pm. The second product is the orange dialkyl(diphenyltriazenido)gallium derivative R2Ga[N3(C6H5)2] 3, where the triazene has reacted as an oxidant by the cleavage of the Ga—Ga bond and probably by release of elemental hydrogen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 164
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 463-472 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hypervalent compounds ; Tellurium ; Polycations ; Molecular Orbital Theory ; Band structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Approximate MO and band structure calculation are used to analyze the bonding in the recently synthesized paramagnetic, semiconducting phase [Te15Br4]2+. The [Te15Br4]2+ chains are very similar to those in the tellurium subhalide Te2Br. The electronic structure and bonding within these chains is analysed and the possibility of hypervalency in both [Te15Br4][MoOBr4]2 and Te2Br is discussed. The bonding in the classically hypervalent molecule TeBr42- and a model Te3Br24- is compared to that of the infinite system. Our calculations indicate that both [Te15Br4][MoOBr4]2 and Te2Br contain weakly hypervalent Te atoms and that the interesting electronic properties of [Te15Br4][MoOBr4]2 arise within the distinct sublattices, which do not interact significantly.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 165
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 479-488 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Heterobimetallic complexes ; Carbene complexes ; Alkynes ; Coupling reaction ; Bridging ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sequential reaction of the dimethylamino(trimethylsilylethylnyl)carbene complexes [(CO)5M'=C(NMe2)C≡CSiMe3] [M' = W (1a)] with KF/THFMeOH, nBuLi and transition metal halides, [XMLn], affords heterobimetallic propynyliden complexes of the type [(CO)5M'=C(N-Me2)C≡CMLn] [MLn = Ni(PPh3) Cp (4a, b). Ni(PMe2Ph)2- {Mes) (Mes=2,4,6-C6H2Me3) (5a), Rh(CO)(PPh3)2 (6a), Fe(CO)2Cp (7a,b)]. In contrast, reaction of 1a with MeLi · LiBr and [IFe(CO)2Cp] yields the novel N-metallated complex [(CO)5W=C{N(ME)Fe(CO)2Cp}C≡CSiMe3] (8a). The complexes [(CO)5M'=C(NMe2)C≡CMLn=Fe(CO)2Cp (7a, b), Ru(CO)2Cp (10a,b), Ru(CO)(PPh3)Cp (11a), Mn(CO)5 (12a), Re(CO)5 (13a)] are accessible by Pd-catalyzed coupling of the C-stannylated carbene complexes [(CO)5M'=C-(NMe2)C≡CSnBu3] (9a, b) with [XMLn]. The related monomethylaminocarbene complexes [(CO)5M'=C(NHMe)C≡ CSnBu3] (16a, b), obtained by stannylation of [(C))5M'=C(NHMe)C=CH] (15a, B) with Bu3SnNEt2, react with [IFe(CO)2Cp] to give the bimetallic complexes [(CO)5M'=C(NHMe)C≡CFe(CO)2Cp] (17a, b). The complexes 4a, 5a, 7a and 10a were characterized by X-ray structural analysis. The spectroscopic and structural data suggest that the two metal centers in 4-7, 10-13, and 17 interact only weakly.
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  • 166
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Rhenium ; Technetium ; 8a-Amino-6-methyl-ergoline ; Chelates ; Structure elucidation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Current research in radiopharmaceutical chemistry is aimed at the design of technetium-based receptor-binding radiotracers because of the excellent nuclide properties of the isotope 99mTc. Tc tracers and the corresponding complexes of rhenium, as the inactive surrogate of Tc, are required to imitate organic agonists or antagonists of the receptor. We have started studies with ergolines, which are known to be dopamine substitutes. The present report deals with the functionalization of 8α-amino-6-methyl-ergoline (2) with a 2-mercaptoacetyl group, and the subsequent synthesis of the first rhenium complex containing a pendent ergoline moiety [Re- O(SSS)(RS)] (HSSSH = HS-CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2-SH and RSH = 8a-amino-N-(2-mercaptoacetyl)-6-methyl-ergoline) (4). The molecular structure of the rhenium complex was determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis.
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  • 167
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 859-862 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Yttrium ; Lanthanum ; Samarium ; Lanthanides ; Aminotroponiminate ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of N-isopropyl-2-(isopropylamino)troponimine, [(i-Pr)2ATI]H, with KH in THF affords [(i-Pr)2ATI]K. This is a useful starting material for the preparation of the mono-, bis- and tris-substituted compounds [[i-Pr)2ATI]YCl2-(THF)2}2, [(i-Pr)2ATI2Y[O(2,6,t-Bu2C6H3)] and [(i-Pr)2-ATI]3Ln (Ln = Y, La, Sm), which can be obtained from ([i-Pr)2ATI]K and LnX3 and LnX3 (X = Cl, I), or Y[O(2,6-t-BuC6H3)]3. All compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic methods. The monosubstituted yttrium complex {[(i-Pr)2ATI]YCl2(THF)2}2 has also been investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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  • 168
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: C-H activation ; Alkyne complexes ; Cyclopentadienyl cobalt ; Fluxionality ; Hydrido complexes ; Clusters ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vicinal C-H bonds of the cycloalkenes CnH2n (n = 5-8) were activated upon treatment under mild conditions with reactive sources of the (C5H5)CO fragment. With [C5H5)CO(C2H4)2] (2a), the trinuclear cluster complexes [H2((C5H5)CO)3(μ3-C2(CH2)n-2)] (5a: n = 5; 5c: n = 5d: n = 8) were formed. Using the more reactive [(C5H5)2Co]/K, 5a-5dwere obtained, along with small amounts of the tetranuclear [{(C5H5)CO}4r{μ4-C2(CH2)n-2}] (8a-c: n = 5-7). X-ray structure analyses of 5c, d and 8b, c were performed. A μ-‖ (orμ3-η1:η2:η1) coordination of the cycloalkyne ligands was found in the trinuclear cluster complexes. The tetranuclear 8b, c had the cycloalkynes quadruply bridging (μ4-η1:η2:η2:η1_ a butterfly arrangement of the metal atoms. The acetylenic carbon-carbon bonds are considerably lengthened upon coordination [1.392(4), 1.398(3) å in 5c d; 1.464(8), 1.499(5) Å in 8b, c]. Three dynamic processes - alkyne “walk” on top of the CO3 triangle, μ2-hydride migration, and μ2/μ3-hydride exchange - are operational in the trinuclear 5a-d. Dynamic NMR data for 5a are consistent with a “windshield-wiper” mechanism for the alkyne migration. Hydride exchange is associated with a higher energy barrier, and is probably and independent dynamic process.
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  • 169
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Mercury ; Lanthanides ; Lanthanoid(II) complexes ; (N-2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)(N-trimethylsily)amide complexes ; Bis(trimethylsilyl)amide complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Mercury(II) amide complex Hg[N(SiMe3)(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2 (1) was prepared by reaction of HgBr2 with Li[N(SiMe3) 2,6-iPr2C6H3)] in diethyl ether solvent. Redox transmetallation reactions of 1 with elemental samarium, europium or ytterbium in THF solvent (THF = tetrahydrofuran), generated the novel divalent complexes Ln[N(SiMe3)(2,6-iPr2C6H3]2(THF)2 with Ln = Sm (2), Eu (3) and Yb (4). 4 was also synthesized by reaction of elemental ytterbium, HgPh2 and HN(SiMe3)(2,6-Me3)2]2(THF)2 [Ln = Sm (5), Yb (6)] by reaction of the metals with HgPh2 and HN(SiMe3)2. Thermal desolvation of 4 under high vacuum gave Yb(N)(SiMe3)2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2 (THF) (7), whereas under identical conditions 6 yielded the solvent-free complex [Yb[N{SiMe3)2]2]2. (8). The new compounds 1-4 and 7 are hydrocarbon soluble and 171Yb-NMR spectra were recorded for 4, 6, 7 and 8. X-ray crystal structure determinations of 2 and 4 revealed four-coordinate, distorted tetrahedral metal environments augmented by weak Ln…ipso-C(aryl) interactions.
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  • 170
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Biaryls ; Boron ; Chirality ; Cooperative Effects ; Lewis acids ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of Lewis acid binaphthyl systems, substituted in 2-or 2,2′-position, are synthesized by lithiation of 2,2′-dibromo-1,l ′-binaphthyl (5), followed by addition of various electrophiles. Stepwise lithiation and subsequent borylation with trimethyl borate leads to the bromoboronic acid 6, which can be stabilized by esterification with pinacol giving 7. By increasing the reaction mixture to 2 equiv. of n-butyllithium and 2 equiv. of methyl borate the path to the binaphthylmonoboronic acid ester 9 is opened up. A further increase in the quantity of electrophile also leads to the binaphthylbisboronic acid ester 12. The 2,2′-disubstituted silyl, germyl, and stannyl derivatives 13a-15a are accessible in good yields. Treatment with boron halides leads exclusively to methyl/halogen exchange, giving the bidentate Lewis acids 13b-15b, the former of which can be bridged by oxygen.Only in case of the bis(tributylstannyl)binaphthyl 16a does ipso substitution occur in the presence of boron trichloride, giving the bis(dichloroboryl)-substituted binaphthyl 16b which can then be hydrolysed to 11. The structures of the majority of the compounds were investigated by X-ray diffraction. In case of the 2,2′-disubstituted compounds 13a-15a the naphthyl groups are orientated perpendicular to each other. The intra- and intermolecular interactions are dominated by this binaphthyl system. In case of the oxygenbridged compounds 13c and 14c the angle between the naphthyl planes decreases to about 70°. This also has an effect on the packing of the molecule; in this instance the orientation of two naphthyl in neighbouring molecules is nearly parallel. The structure of the diboronic acid is dominated by intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
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  • 171
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 951-954 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphane-boranes ; Medium-sized rings ; Ring opening and closure ; Temperature-dependent NMR studies ; Phosphorus ; Boron ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A phosphane-borane (3) with the P-B bond integrated into a seven-membered ring was prepared from 4-pentenyl-diphenylphosphane (4) by hydroboration using 9-borabicyclononane (9-BBN). The product was confirmed to have a ring structure in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The P-B distance of 2.057(2) Å is indicative of a standard donor-acceptor bond similar to the type found in homologous five- and six-membered rings. The room-temperature 31P-NMR signal of the compound in various solvents (δ ≈ - 15) is not compatible with the cyclic structure and suggests that ring opening occurs as the compound is dissolved. Variable-temperature NMR work corroborated this assumption, and the enthalpy of ring closure was determined to be ΔH = -30.5(4) kJmol-l. In CD2C12 at -90°C, δ31P is shifted to +3.5 ppm to low field, suggesting virtually complete ring closure under these conditions.
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  • 172
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 963-968 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Fluorine ; Macrocycles ; Complexes ; Sodium ; Barium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two new fluoro macrocycles BenzoFN2O3 and F(N2O2)2C2H4 were synthesized in the reactions of 1,3-bis(bromomethyl)-2-fluorobenzene with benzo-diaza-15-crown-5 and 1,2-bis(diaza-12-crown-4)ethane, respectively, in 30% yield each. Close CF...metal ion interactions in the respective alkaline metal complexes in solution are evidenced by characteristic shifts of the 19F-NMR resonances of up to δ = 18.7 relative to the free ligand and by a decrease of the 1J(CF) coupling constant of up to 20 Hz, which is most pronounced in BenzoFN2O3 · Li+ and F(N2O2)2C2H4 · K+. In BenzoFN2O3· Li+ a1J(19F-7Li) of 15.5 Hz was observed, which is indicative very close CF...Li+ interactions in solution. In the X-ray crystal structures of BenzoFN2O3 · Na+ [CF⃛Na+ 246.8(2) pm], 26-fluoro-4,7,13,16-tetraoxa-1, 10-diazatricyclo[ 8.8.7.1 20,24 ] - hexacosa-20,22,24(26)triene · Na+ (CF⃛Na+ 267.1(2) pm) and 21 -fluoro-3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxabicyclo[ 18.3.1 1,20]heneicosa- l(24),20,22-triene. Ba2+ [CF⃛Ba2+ 299.0(3) pm] short CF⃛metal interactions were found. Such close CF⃛metal ion interactions do not result in a lengthening of the C-F bonds, which is not a sign of weak CF⃛metal ion interactions, since a Cambridge Structural Database search revealed that a shortening of the C-O bond length is also not observed in crown ether complexes of alkaline metals.
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  • 173
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphorus heterocycles ; 1H-Phosphirenes ; Nucleophilic substitution reactions at 1H-phosphirenes ; Metal-complexation of functionalized 1H-phosphirenes ; Carbonyl complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The halogen atoms in the 1-chloro-1H-phosphirenes, 5a-c, are easily substituted on reaction with organolithium and Grignard reagents, 14a-p, with formation of the corresponding O-, N-, C-, Si-, and Ge-substituted 1H-phosphirenes, 15a-t. C1/H exchange reactions also occur on reaction with lithium metal hydrides (5a → 17). Furthermore, substitution reactions are also realized with the alkali metal borates, 18a-g (→19a-g); the same is true for reactions with trimethylsilyl cyanide and azide (→22a-d). Some of the substitution products have been characterized in the form of their metal complexes, 16, 23, 24, and 25.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 174
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Germatranes ; Organotrihalogenogermanes ; Organometallic (Si, Ge, Sn) reagents ; Transmetallation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Trialkylstannyl esters of tris(2-hydroxyalkyl)amines, N(CH2CHROSnAlk3)3 (9-11 (R = H, Me; Alk = Et, Bu), react with X3GeC(R1)(R2)COOR3 (12-17) (X = Cl or Br; R1, R2=H, Me, Ph, SiMe3, COOEt; R3=Me, Et) to give esters of α-germatranylcarboxylic acids, N(CH2CHRO)3GeC(R1)(R2)-COOR3 (1-8), in high yields. The synthesis of esters 12-17 is reported. Esters of α-germatranyldiphenylacetic acid 24 and 25 can be obtained by treatment of diphenylketene with Et3SnOMe to give in situ Et3SnC(Ph2)COOMe (23), followed by reaction with GeCl4 to give in situ Cl3GeC(Ph2)COOMe (22 and further reactions with 9 or 11, respectively. Reduction of germatrane 6 with LiAlH4 in diethyl ether leads to cleavage of the germanium-carbon bond with subsequent formation of (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylsilane. The crystal structures of 3, 6 and 7 are reported. 1-Acyloxygermatranes 26 and 27 are obtained by treatment of 1-methoxygermatrane (28) with diphenyl- and dichloroacetic acid, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 175
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tin - Nitrogen cage compounds ; Sn—X—Sn intramolecular bridges ; Distannylamine pyridine adduct ; Tin ; Moessbauer spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tris(dimethylchlorostannyl)amine (2a) reacts with pyridine in a 3:4 molar ratio to produce the tin-nitrogen containing bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane (3) with elimination of the adduct Me2SnCl2·2 py. Treatment of the distannylamine 2,6-[Pr2H3N(SnMe2Cl)2 (4) with pyridine, however, leads to the formation of the 1:1 pyridine adduct 4 and this can be regarded as a model to explain the route to 3. The molecular structures of 3 and 5 were determined by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in solution, as well as by X-ray structure analysis of their crystals. Typical structural features for both compounds are intramolecular Sn—X—Sn bridges. Support for the structures comes from MS fragmentation patterns, IR spectra, and the Mössbauer spectra.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 176
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,2,4-Diazaphospholes ; Phosphiranes, alkylidene- ; 2-Phosphabutadienes ; Phosphorus heterocycles ; pyrazolines, thermolysis ; Rearrangements ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 5-alkylidene-4,5-dihydro-3H-1,2,4(λ3)-diazaphospholes (4-phosphapyrazolines) are thermally much more stable than related compounds without the exocyclic double bond. Thermolysis reactions typically occur in the range 110-150°C in toluene solution, and different, mostly competing, reaction pathways are observed. Thermal extrusion of nitrogen from 8a-g gives rise to β-phosphanaylsiloxyalkenes 10, benzo[c]-phosphole derivatives 11, 14 and 115, (β-siloxyalkylidene)-Phosphiranes 12, and dihydro-1,3-oxaphospholes 13. The thermolysis of 5-alkylidene-4,5-dihydro-4-trimethylsilyl-3-trimethylsilyloxy-3H-1,2,4-dizaphospholes 17 afforded three products, including the highly substituted and stable 2-phosphabutadienes 18 formed by nitrogen extrusion and rearrangement. Finally, the 4-chloro-3-trimethylsilyloxy-substituted heterocycle 21 was transformed at 170°C into 4H-1,2,4-diazaphosphole 23. The structures of 13c and 18a were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 177
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Boron ; Diazaboroles ; Carbenes ; Heterocycles ; Imidazoles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaboroles (3a-c) were synthesized by cyclocondensation of dilithiated 1,4-diazabutadienes (5a-c) with boron tribromide in hexane. 3a was also obtained by sodium amalgam reduction was conducted in ether solvents, diboroxane (2) resulted as the main product. Compound 3a and 1,3-dialkyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol2-ylidenes (6a, b) underwent halide displacement to afford the borolylimidazolium salts 7a, b. Compounds 2, 3a-c, and 7a, b were characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic methods (1H, 11B, 13C NMR; Ir; MS). The molecular structures of 2 and 7a were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
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  • 178
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 725-728 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dendrimers ; Metal complexes ; Nanostructures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Strong multiple complexation of transition metal ions, Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) with different generations of well-defined poly(propylene imine) dendrimers as multi(tridentate) ligands has been used to construct nanoscopic assemblies of defined structure and size incorporating a distinct number of metal ions from 2 up to 32.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 179
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Germanium ; Digermenes ; Tin ; Germylenes ; Stannylenes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of GeCl2 · dioxane with the Grignard reagent RMgBr (R=2-tBu-4,5,6-Me3C6H) furnishes the tetraaryldigermene R2Ge=GeR2 (8). X-ray structure-analysis of 8 reveals a short Ge=Ge double bond, a nearly planar environment of both germanium atoms and extremely widened C—Ge—C angles of 128°. In solution, 8 dissociates into two germylene molecules R2Ge, which can be trapped with oxygen or by [4+1] cycloaddition reactions with 1,4-dihetero-1,3-dienes. A similar cycloadduct of a stannylene wa obtained by thermolysis of (R′2Sn)3 (R′=2,4,6-iPr3C6H2), in the presence of a 1,4-diazabutadiene and characterized by an X-ray structure-analysis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 180
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silicenium ion ; Iminosilane ; Aluminate ; Silicon ; Aluminium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lithiated text-butylaminolfluorosilanes react with aluminum trichloride in ether, eliminating LiF to give AlCl3 adducts of iminosilanes  -  aminosiliceniotrichloroaluminates {R2Si-NCMe3·AlCl3}, which thermally form the dimethylazomethine- aluminium trichloride, Me2C=NH·AlCl3.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 181
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Titanocene complexes ; S ligands ; Organic polysulfanes ; Ligand transfer reactions ; Sulfur heterocycles ; Chalcogens ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of Cp2Ti(CO)2 (3) with the di- and polysulfanes 1,2,4-(CH2)2S3, C4S6 (9), C,7H10S3 (11), 1,2,4,6-(CH2)3S4 (16), C6H10S6(19), and S6 affords the titanocene chelate complexes Cp2TiS3(CH2)2 (8), (Cp2Ti)2C4S6 (10), Cp2TiS3C7H10 (13), Cp2TiS2C7H10 (14), Cp2TiS4(CH2)3 (17), Cp,2TiS6C6H6H10 (20), and Cp2TiS8 (23). 14 is also obtained from Cp2TiCl2 (1) and the geminal dithiol of norbornene. The analogous reaction with the dithiol of dicyclopentadiene yields Cp2TiS2C10H12 (15). In ligand transfer reactions, 8 reacts with SCl2 to give 1,2,3,5-tetrathiane (25), 10 provides 9 on reaction with Cl2, 13 when treated with S2Cl2 affords C7H10S5 (12), 15 reacts with S2Cl2Cl2 to give C10H12S4. 17 and SCl2 yield 1,2,3,5,7-pentathiepane (18), 20 is converted to C6H10S7 (22) on reaction with SCl2, and 23 yields S10 and 1,2,-C6H4(SCl)2, respectively. With phosgene, thiophosgene, and thionyl chloride, compound 15 yields the corresponding dithiocarbonate 26, the trithiocarbonate 27 and the trisulfane 2-oxide 28. The structure of 27 was determined by X-ray crystallography.
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  • 182
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 801-806 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Unsymmetrical phthalocyanines ; Hemiporphyrazines ; Macrocyclic bisdienes and bisdienophiles ; Diels-Alder reactions ; Ladder polymers ; Cycloaddition ; Macrocycles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The specific synthesis of a metal-free bisdienophilic phthalocyanine 193, suitable for repetitive Diels-Alder reactions, is reported. This was achieved by condensation of 191,3,3-trichloro-6/7-nitroioindolenine (191) and 4,9-dibutoxy-2,3,5,8-tetrahydro-1,3-diimino-1H-5,8-epoxybenz[f]isoindoline (2). The ability of 3 to undergo Diels-Alder reactions was tested by reaction with an excess of 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (5). Experimental data of the hemiporphyrazines 9, 10, and 11, which can be used as precursors for the synthesis of ladder polymers, are also given in the Experimental Section.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 183
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Platinum ; Nitrocyanamide ; Nitrosodicyanomethanide ; 1,1,3, 3-Tetracyano-2-azapropenide ; 1,1,2,3,3-Pentacyanopropenide ; Hydrido complexes ; Coordination modes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new coordination compounds trans-[Pt(H)X(PPh3)2] with NCN- and C(CN)2-functionalized anions (X- = [N(O)C(CN)2]-, [NO2NCN]-, [N{C(CN)2}2]-, [NCC{C-(CN)2}2]-, have been characterized by 1H-, 31P-, 13C-NMR, and IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses the crystal structures of trans-[Pt(H)N(O)C(CN)2(PPh3)2], trans- [Pt(H)N{C(CN)2}2(PPh3)2], and trans-[Pt(H)NCC{C(CN)2}2-(PPh3)2) have been determined by X-ray diffraction. Remarkably, [N(O)C(CN)2]- is coordinated through the central nitrogen atom, while [N{C(CN)2}2]- and [NCC(C(CN)2]2]- are bonded through terminal nitrogen atoms of a C(CN)2 unit.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 184
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1021-1027 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc ; Chirality ; Cross-coupling ; Phosphorylations ; Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This Microreview on the chemistry of organozinc reagents starts by briefly showing the methods of preparation of organozinc compounds and then discusses the considerable synthetic utility of zinc organometallics for the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds in the presence of transition-metal catalysts. Finally, the use of organozinc chemistry for the preparation of polyfunctional and chiral phosphanes is described.
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  • 185
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bis(tetramethylipiperidino)aluminum halides ; Alkoxy((tetramethylpiperidino)aluminum halides ; 27Al-NMR spectra ; Aluminum ; Amides ; Synthetic methods ; Bridging ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Lithio-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine [Li(tmp)] reacts with AlX3 (X = Cl, Br) in diethyl ether/ n-hexane solution to generate the products of substitution and ether cleavage, [tmpAl(X)(μ-OEt)], (la, X = Cl; 1b, X = Br). However, when the reaction is allowed to proceed in n-hexane alone, an almost quantitative yield of compounds tmp2AlX (2a, X = Cl; 2b, X = Br; 2c, X = I) is obtained. According to 27AI-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, cryoscopy, and X-ray crystal structure determinations, these compounds are monomeric in the solid state, in solution, and in the gas phase. 2b reacts with AgBF4 yielding the fluoride-bridged dimer (tmp2AlF), 2d, as shown by X-ray crystal structure determination.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 186
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Planar-tetracoordinate carbon ; Dynamic organometallic systems, μ-alkyne complexes ; π-Agostic systems ; Zirconium ; Metallocenes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The benzonitrile hydrozirconation product Cp2ZrCl(N—CHPh) 8 was treated with propynyl lithium to yield the (propynyl)(benzaldimido)ZrCp; complex 9. Subsequent treatment with trityl tetraphenylborate generated [Cp2Zr(C—C—CH3)-BPh-4] that instantaneously added to 9 to eventually form the (μ-aldimido)(μ-η1:η2-hexadiyne)ZrCp2 cation 11. The X-ray crystal structure analysis showed that 11 contains a planar-tetracoordinate carbon atom that is stabilized by forming a three-center-two-electron bond with the two adjacent metal atoms. Similarly, complex 9 reacted with [Cp2Zr(CH3)+CH3B(C6F5)3 1 to yield the planar-tetracoordinate carbon containing (μ-aldimido)(μ-η1:η2-2-butyne) Cp; cation 12. Both complexes 11 and 12 exhibit dynamic NMR spectra due to their rapid reorganization of the dimetallabicyclic frameworks (ΔG* = 10 kcal mol-1) in addition to an anchimerically assisted C—N bond rotation (ΔG* =15 kcal mol-1).
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  • 187
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Porphyrinatomanganese(IV) ; Monooxygenase model ; Dichloro monoxide ; Catalytic alkene epoxidation ; Catalytic alkane oxygenation ; Catalytic alkane chlorination ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The isolation at -78°C and characterization of the novel crystalline reactive porphinatomanganese(IV) complex Mn-(TDCPP)(OCl)2 (5) is described. 5 is compared with the porphinatomanganese(IV) complexes Mn(TDCPP)(C6H5IOCl)2 (2), Mn(TDCPP)(C6F510C1)CI (3) and Mn(TDCPP)(OCH3)2, (4). The stoichiometric reaction of 5 with triphenylphosphane yields 2.5 equivalents of triphenylphosphane oxide and 1.0 equivalent of Mn(TDCPP)Cl (1). Complex 5 epoxidizes stilbene, and oxygenates and chlorinates cyclohexane.
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  • 188
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1135-1139 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Arene complexes ; Chromium ; Allenes ; Rearrangements ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Cr(CO)3-complexed η6-phenylpropargylic alcohols 3 react in a displacement rearrangement with thionyl chloride or chlorodiphenylphosphane to give the chloro- or phosphoryl allenyl substituted η6-phenyl complexes 4 and 6, respectively. In the X-ray crystal structure of the novel organometallic allenic derivatives 4b and 6b the vicinal chloro or phosphoryl substituent and the benzene(tricarbonyl)chromium fragment are arranged coplanarily. Palladium/copper-catalyzed couplings of the chloroallene 4b with terminal alkynes disclose a facile access to ynallene derivatives 8, novel carbon-rich organometallic π-systems.
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  • 189
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1141-1145 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trichlorophosphoranylidenesulfamoyl chloride ; Vibrational spectroscopy ; Conformational properties ; Quantum chemical calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Raman (3500-50 cm-l) and infrared (4000-400 cm-l) spectra of the title compound, ClSO2N=PCl3, were recorded for the solid and liquid phase. Additionally, the Raman spectrum of the compound dissolved in CCl4 was obtained and qualitative depolarization values were determined. The spectra of the liquid and solid phase were interpreted in terms of the existence of only one conformation possessing C1 symmetry, as predicted by quantum chemical calculations. A complete vibrational assignment is proposed based on the relative intensities, on group frequencies along with support from the normal coordinate analysis. The experimental fundamental vibrational modes are compared to those obtained from theoretical approaches employing the ab initio MP2/6-31G* method and a density functional approximation (B3PW91/6-31G*).
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  • 190
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1147-1150 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Icosahedral heteroboranes ; Ab initio calculation ; Bonding models ; Aromaticity ; Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift [NICS] ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio theoretical studies on X2B10H10 (X = CH, SiH, N, P and Sb) have been done for all the three possible isomers. Unlike lower-vertex heteroboranes, all the hetero derivatives have shown similar trends in the relative stabilities, the 1,12-isomer being more stable followed by 1,7- and 1,2-isomers, except for N and Sb. No conventional 1,2-isomer for N could be found. Instead, a new nido isomer which is 18.1 kcal/mol higher in energy than the most stable isomer has been located. Any hetero group substitution to icosahedral R12H122- is found to be thermodynamically destabilizing. However, the Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift criterion shows that all compounds, except for 8, have similar aromaticity.
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  • 191
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1159-1166 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Aminosilantes ; Structure elucidation ; Molecular conformations ; Configuration determination ; Nitrogen Planarity/Silanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structural chemistry of a series of triaminosilanes XSi(NR2)3 has been investigated in order to determine the ground-state configuration and conformation of these molecules. Theoretical studies and analogy with the isoelectronic XP(NR2)3 (X = CH2, O, Se, NSiMe3 etc.) and P(NR2)3 molecules suggest structures of Cs or C3 symmetry, with small energy differences between them. The molecular structure of HSi(NMe2)3 (1) has been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study at low temperature. Surprisingly, the molecules have a non-standard conformation with an irregular orientation of the three NMe2 groups. The hydrido-, chloro-, methyl-, and vinyltris(morpholino)silanes XSi[N(CH2CH2)2O]3 (X = H, Cl, Me, Vi; 2-5) were prepared from the corresponding chlorosilanes and morpholine (2, 3) or lithium morpholide (4,5). Their variable-temperature NMR spectra were studied and the molecular structures determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 2 has a molecular geometry approaching mirror symmetry with one morpholino group significantly different from the other two. This structure resembles that of isoelectronic tris(amino)phosphines. Compounds 3-5 have structures with a propeller-like arrangement of the three morpholino rings approaching C3 symmetry for this part of the molecules. The chloro compound 3 shows the shortest Si-N bond lengths (average 1.690 Å), followed by 2 (1.708Å),5 (1.709Å) and 4 (l.712Å). The configuration of all nitrogen atoms is almost planar, with sums of the angles close to 360°, and the morpholino rings adopt a chair conformation. According to the solution NMR spectra the ring inversion is slow at low temperature, but the rings rotate freely about the Si-N bonds on the NMR time scale. The molecular structures are discussed in terms of steric and electronic effects of the substituents. Other model compounds, including (Me2N)3SiC6H4-4-Br (6), MeSi[N(CH2CH2)2NMe]3 (7) and PhSi[N(CH2)4]3 (8), could not be crystallized, but were characterized by their analytical and spectroscopic data.
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  • 192
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lead ; Tetrachloroaluminate ; Arenes ; o-Xylene ; Bis(arene) Complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis(o-xylene)lead(II) bis(tetrachloroaluminate), obtained from lead(II) chloride and aluminium trichloride in o-xylene, has been shown by X-ray crystallography to be a mononuclear lead complex with point group symmetry C2 The two aromatic ligands are arranged similarly to those in monomeric plumbocene. The coordination sphere is completed by two bidentate AlCl4-ions. The lead center uses about a quarter of its bonding capability for each of the four ligands
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  • 193
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1751-1759 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Amido complexes ; Titanium ; Zirconium ; Alkylmetal compounds ; Amido complexes ; Titanium ; Zirconium ; Alkylmetal compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The novel tridentate diamidoamine ligands [RC(2C5H4N)(CH2NSiMe3)2)2- (R = H, CH3) have been synthesized and coordinated to TiIV giving the pentacoordinate complexes [MX2(RC(2-C5H4N)(CH2NSiMe3)2}] (M = Ti, Zr; X = Cl, Br). The crystal structure analysis of [TiBr2{HC(2-C5H4N)(CH2)2}] (M = Ti, Zr; X = Cl, Br). The crystal structure analysis of [TiBr2{HC(2-C5H4N)(CH2NSiMe3))] (10b) confirmed the involvement of the pyridyl function in the coordination to the meta centre occupying an apical position in the trigonal bipyramidal ligand polyhedron. alkylation of [TiCl2{H3CC(2-C5H4N)(CH2NSiMe3)2)] (12a) with one or two molar equivalents of [RMgCl](R = PhCH2, Me3SiC2) yielded the mono- and dialkyl complexes [TiClR{H3CC(2-C5H4N)(CH2NSiMe3)2)] and [TiR2(H3CC(2-C5H4N)(CH2NSiMe3)2)] and [TiR2(H3CC(2-C5H4N)(CH2NSiMe3)2}] in good yields. Depending on the steric demand of the alkyl group coordination or decoordination of the pyridyl group leads to four- or five-coordinate species. A crystal structure analysis of the pentacoordinate complex [TiCl(CH2SiMe3){H3CC(2-C5H4N)(CH2NSiMe3)2}] (16) was carried out.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 194
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 195
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phthalocyanines ; Sol-gel processes ; Titanium alkoxides ; Supported catalysts ; Heterogenous catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cobalt(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrasulphophthalocyanine and cobalt(II) 2,9,16,23-tetra(chlorosulphonyl)phthalocyanine were supported on TiO2 by reaction of the phthalocyanines with Ti(OR)4 followed by sol-gel synthesis. The thus obtained solid materials are stable in sulfide-containing media and are therefore suitable as catalysts for HS oxidation. The structure of the samples was characterized by electron microscopy diffraction. The morphology of the matrix strongly depends on the cobalt phthalocyanine derivative. The pathalocyanines in the titania matrices are monomeric or dimeric depending both on the type of substituents of the CoPc derivative and on the titanium alkoxide used as precursors.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 196
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Dichlorogermylene ; Trichlorogermylphosphanes ; Insertion ; Silver bromide complex ; Carbene homologues ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chlorophosphanes RR'PCl (1a: R,R' = 1b: R = tBu, R' = iPr, 1c: R = iPr, R' = Et2N, 1d: R = Et2N react with the dichlorogermylene dioxane complex 2 furnishing trichlorogermylphosphanes RR'PGeCl3 4a-d. In the cases of 1c/4c and 1d/4d the insertion reaction remain incomplete; similarly, 4a always contains, shortly after isolation in pure state, small amounts of 1a that can be detected by NMR. A provided by the reaction of trichlorosilylphosphane tBu(Et2N)PSiCl3 (5d) with GeCl4. The alkyl(dialkylamino) trichlorogermylphosphane 4d exists only in an equilibrium with chlorophosphane 1d, which coordinates GeCl2 leading to the dichlorogermylene complex 3d. A 1:1 mixture of 4a with 1a is formed by the novel cleavage (“chlorogermylation”) of the P-P bond of tetraisopropyldiphosphane with germanium tetrachloride. Di-tert-butyl(trichlorogermyl)phosphane 4e (R, R' = tBu) reacts with silver bromide providing a crystalline silver complex 7. A structure determination by X-ray diffraction reveals that 7 is [Ag4Br4(tBu2PCl)2(tBu2PGeCl3)2]. 2C7H8. Two of the Ag atoms of the cubane-like (AgBr)4 core of 7 are coordinated by chlorophosphane 1e, the other two by trichlorogermylphosphane 4e.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 197
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1647-1654 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Iron ; Carbene complexes ; (2-Methoxythenyl)methoxycarbene complexes ; Aminolysis ; (2-Aminoethenyl) methoxycarbene complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cationic (2-methoxyethenyl)methoxycarbene iron complexes 2, [Cp(CO)2Fe(C(OMe)CH=CR(OMe))+][PF6-], are obtained by the addition of methanol to the corresponding (alkynyl)-methoxycarbene complexes 1, [Cp(CO)2Fe(C(OMe)C≡CR)+][PF6-]. Primary amines, H2NR', react with these 1,3-dimethoxy-substituted (alkenyl)carbene complexes, 2, through an addition/elimination process to yield cationic (2-aminoethenyl)methoxycarbene iron complexes, 3, [Cp(CO)2Fe(C(OMe)CH=CR(NHR'))+][PF6-] in an isolated yield of 71-90%. The complexes 3a-c were characterized by X-ray structural analyses. Thus, previously isolated products, from the reaction, of the (alkynyl)methoxycarbene complexes 1a and 1c, with aniline at room temperature, are assigned to the structures 3c and 3e. The spectroscopic and structural data obtained are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 198
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hydroformylation ; High-pressure NMR ; Homogeneous catalysis ; Rhodium ; Polyphosphane ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-hexene in THF with the linear triphosphane PhP(CH2CH2PPh2)2 [PP,] has been studied both in situ and in high-pressure autoclaves. Sapphire NMR tubes with titanium valves have proved useful for studying the in situ reactions under conditions of relatively high syngas pressure (30-90 atm H,/CO) and temperature (60-100 C). Under conditions conducive to effective hydroformylation, the catalyst precursor [ (PP,)Rh(CO)]+ is quantitatively converted to the dicarbonyl [ (PP,)Rh(CO),]+, which is also the termination product of the catalysis. Irrespective of the syngas composition and of the total pressure, the dicarbonyl complex is the only phosphorus-containing species detectable on the NMR time-scale during the course of the isomerization and hydroformylation of the alkene. The PP2-Rh catalytic system exhibits some peculiar features that may be summarized as follows. (i) Very high partial pressures of CO (120 atm) neither inhibit the hydroformylation nor affect the n/i selectivity; (ii) alkene hydrogenation occurs neither at very high partial pressures of H, (120 atm) nor in the absence of added CO; (iii) the isomerization rate is slightly faster than that of hydroformylation; (iv) terminal and internal alkenes (2-, 3-hexenes) are hydroformylated with comparable rates. Various control experiments have been carried out using in-situ NMR, as well as batch experiments under different reaction conditions or with different catalyst precursors. Despite these extensive studies, unambiguous conclusions about the catalysis mechanism have not been reached. In particular, the possibility that different catalysts may be operative depending on the reaction conditions cannot be ruled out. The hydroformylation results rule out the involvement of phosphane-free “Rh-CO” catalysts, even under conditions of very high partial pressure of CO, and point to “(PP,)Rh(CO),” catalysts with small steric hindrance over the whole range of syngas pressures investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1721-1730 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Perhalometallocenes ; Cylopentadienes ; Perhalogenated ; Halogen-metal exchange reactions ; Sandwich complexes ; Ligand effects ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The coordination chemistry of perhalocyclopentadienyl ligands, first developed in the early 1970's as a part of a research program directed towards the synthesis of oxidation-resistant fuel additives, has been revived in the last ten years. This renewed interest stems from the discovery that the coordinated cyclopentadienyl ligand allows multiple functionalizations. Thus, the high versatility of this important class of ligands can be broadened even further, which may be important with regard to industrial applications of metallocenes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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