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  • 1970-1974  (27,283)
  • 1965-1969  (23,900)
  • 1890-1899  (12,616)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in the basic mineralizing system, CaO-P2O5-H2O (1974)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Hydroxyapatite ; Mineral ; Phase ; Chemistry ; Synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des diagrammes de phase d'équilibre ont été déterminés pour le système CaO-P2O5-H2O en utilisant des techniques de synthèse hydrothermique au cours de variatio nsde température allant de 300–600° et 2 Kb H2O de pression. De l'hydroxyapatite bien cristallisé a été synthétisé et caractérisé. De faibles variations de paramètres de la maille cristalline, liées à la température de synthèse et composition globale du matériel initial, ont été déterminées. Des conditions chimiques précises sont nécessaires pour obtenir de l'apatite, en tant que seule phase solide en équilibre dans la solution. Les résultats de diagramme de phase d'équilibre sont comparés avec ceux obtenus dans des milieux synthétiques.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Gleichgewichts-Phasendiagramme für das System CaO-P2O5-H2O bestimmt, indem hydrothermale Synthese-Techniken im Temperaturbereich von 300–600° und bei einem Druck von 2 Kb H2O verwendet wurden. Es wurde gut-kristallisiertes Hydroxyapatit erzeugt und charakterisiert. Es wurden geringe Unterschiede in den Parametern der Zelleinheiten festgestellt, welche von der angewandten Temperatur und der Zusammensetzung des Startmaterials abhingen. Es waren genaue chemische Bedingungen nötig, um Apatit als die einzige feste Phase im Gleichgewicht mit der Lösung zu erhalten. Die Resultate der Gleichgewichts-Phasendiagramme werden mit früheren Untersuchungen mit der Synthesetechnik verglichen.
    Notes: Abstract Equilibrium phase diagrams have been determined for the system CaO-P2O5-H2 using hydrothermal synthesis techniques in the temperature range 300–600° and 2 Kb H2O pressure. Well-crystallized hydroxyapatite has been produced and characterized. Small variations in unit cell parameters dependent on temperature of synthesis and bulk composition of the starting materials have been determined. Precise chemical conditions were required to obtain apatite as the only solid phase in equilibrium with solution. Equilibrium phase diagram results are compared with previous synthetic investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02060279
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on bone and serum chemistry in rabbits (1974)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 145-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: EHDP ; Bone ; Chemistry ; Serum ; Rabbits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on bone and serum chemistry were investigated in adult rabbits. EHDP was administered by subcutaneous injection at doses of 0.25, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg body weight/day for of 28 days. Blood samples were obtained weekly from each rabbit and serum levels of total calcium, ionized calcium, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were determined. At the end of the treatment period all rabbits were sacrificed and the tibiae removed for chemical analysis and histological evaluation. The effect of EHDP administration on serum chemistry was both dose- and time-related. The highest of the three doses, 10 mg/kg/day, resulted in a time-related decrease in total serum calcium. This dose also caused a rapid but transient reduction in serum ionized calcium. The effect of EHDP on serum inorganic phosphate was biphasic. Administration of 2.5 mg/kg/day resulted in a time-related elevation in this parameter, whereas the 10 mg/kg/day dose resulted in a time-related hypophosphatemic response. There were no significant drug-related changes in tibial fat-free dry weight, ash weight, total calcium or total phosphorus values. However, administration of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg/day EHDP resulted in increased osteoid tissue as measured histologically. These results are compared with data from other EHDP studies, and discussed in relation to the maturity and growth-state of the experimental animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02008220
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On different patterns of dendritic bundling in the cerebral cortex of the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 143 (1974), S. 115-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex ; Apical dendrites ; Dendritic bundles ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In frontal, horizontal and sagittal paraffin sections through the cat's brain regional differences in the pattern of dendritic bundling have been investigated. It is shown that in the gyrus splenialis and suprasplenialis 2–5 apical dendrites of layer IV pyramids approach each other to form vertical bundles which run straight through layer IV. In the posterior sigmoid gyrus, on the other hand, most apical dendrites arising from the pyramidal cells bifurcate immediately above layer V and give rise to obliquely running branches which cross each other before turning upwards and joining other dendrites to take part in the formation of bundles. In this region the dendritic tree of the pyramidal cells seems to be characterized by an unexpectedly high degree of directional specialization.—In functional terms the findings can be summarized by stating that in the visual and sensorimotor regions of the cat's cerebral cortex basic differences exist in the relation between the apical dendrites of layer V pyramids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00525764
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur histogenese und cytogenese des tapetum lucidum cellulosum der katze (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1974), S. 141-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Tapetum lucidum cellulosum ; Cat ; Development ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die postnatale Entwicklung des Tapetum lucidum cellulosum der Katze wird mit licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Methoden untersucht. Bereits am ersten postnatalen Tag sind im Bereich des prospektiven Tapetum zwei Zellarten voneinander zu unterscheiden: 1. mesenchymale Bindegewebszellen und 2. prospektive Tapetumzellen, die durch elektronendichte Tapetumstäbchen gekennzeichnet sind. Die Mesenchymzellen unterteilen als parallel zur Retinaoberfläche ausgebreitete Zellplatten in der Choriodea am hinteren Augenpol den weiten extracellulären Raum in 20–25 etwa 5 μm hohe Schichten. Die Tapetumzellen liegen zwischen den Mesenchymzellplatten und wachsen im Verlaufe der ersten vier postnatalen Wochen innerhalb der Schichten in die Breite, bis sie den extracellulären Raum vollständig ausfüllen und als polygonale Zellen direkt aneinander grenzen. Im weiteren Verlauf der Entwicklung werden die Mesenchymzellplatten rückgebildet, so daß bei der adulten Katze die Tapetumzellschichten direkt übereinander liegen und nur von Netzen elastischer und kollagener Fasern getrennt sind. Die von einer Elementarmembran umgebenen Tapetumstäbchen enthalten einen elektronendichten, in den ersten postnatalen Wochen mit einer Periode von 100 Å quergestreiften Kern. Zunächst nehmen sie an Zahl und Länge zu und füllen am Ende der vierten postnatalen Woche, zu Bündeln von parallel verlaufenden Stäbchen geordnet, das Cytoplasma der Tapetumzellen. Dann nehmen die Tapetumstäbchen an Dicke zu, und ihre Querstreifung wird von einem elektronendichten Material überlagert. Die Entwicklung der Tapetumstäbchen hat eine starke Ähnlichkeit mit der in der Literatur beschriebenen Entwicklung von Melanosomen in Melanocyten. Das Tapetum lucidum cellulosum wird als ein dichter Verband hochdifferenzierter extrakutaner Melanocyten angesehen.
    Notes: Summary The postnatal development of the tapetum lucidum cellulosum of the cat was studied by light and electron microscopy. Already by the first postnatal day two cell types can be distinguished in the prospective tapeta area: 1. mesenchymal cells and 2. prospective tapetal cells, characterized by electron dense, membrane bound, rod-like inclusions. The flattened mesenchymal elements form 20–25 separate layers of cells, which are arranged parallel to the surface of the retina, subdividing the extracellular space of the chorioidea at the posterior pole of the eye into 5 μm high compartments. These compartments contain the tapetal cells which enlarge (in their longitudinal axis) during the first four weeks post partum until they occupy the extracellular space almost completely. At this stage, the tapetal cells are polygonal in shape and closely attached to each other. During the subsequent period of development there is a gradual involution of the mesenchymal cell plates. Thus, in adult cats the individual layers of tapetal cells are only separated from each other by networks of collagen and elastic fibers. The tapetal rods are bound by unit membranes and contain an electron dense core which, during the early postnatal weeks, exhibits a periodic cross-striation (100 Å). The tapetal rods increase in number and length during the first four weeks post partum; by the end of the fourth week, they occupy the whole cytoplasm of the tapetal cells. Parallelly arranged rods are grouped into individual bundles coursing inside the cytoplasm in different directions. Thereafter, the tapetal rods increase in thickness and their cross-striation becomes obscured by an electron dense material. This development of the tapetal rods closely resembles that of melanosomes. Thus the tapetum lucidum cellulosum can be regarded as a compact tissue made up of modified extracutaneous melanocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315591
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crossed reticulo-reticular projections in the medulla, pons and mesencephalon (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 143 (1974), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Reticular formation ; Crossed connections ; Autoradiography ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Injection of radioactive leucine in various regions of the brain stem reticular formation has revealed the presence of ample crossed reticulo-reticular connections in the cat. The terminal area for the crossed fibers are almost mirror images of the injected sites. The findings made is another example that hitherto unknown fiber connections can be demonstrated by axoplasmic protein tracing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00525765
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution ultrastructurale du labyrinthe de placenta de chatte (1974)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 146 (1974), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Placenta ; Cat ; Differentiation ; Function ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'ultrastructure du labyrinthe de placenta de chatte a été étudiée du 45e au 63e jour de gestation. Cette formation endothéliochoriale est composée: d'un endothélium maternel hypertrophié et de cellules géantes déciduales; d'une couche de «substance inerte interstitielle»; du trophoblaste constitué d'une assise syncytiale continue (syncytiotrophoblaste) et d'une assise cellulaire discontinue (cytotrophoblaste); d'un endothélium foetal accompagné de son environnement mésenchymateux. Les capillaires foetaux envahissent progressivement le syncytiotrophoblaste. L'hypertrophie de l'endothélium maternel diminue en fin de gestation; de ce fait la distance, séparant le sang maternel du sang foetal, peut atteindre en certains points 2 μ. L'endothélium maternel, le syncytiotrophoblaste et l'endothélium foetal présentent des signes ultrastructuraux d'un rôle de transfert. La «substance inerte inerte interstitielle», qui sépare les tissus d'origine maternelle des tissus d'origine foetale, est constante mais d'épaisseur variable; elle est spécifique des structures endothéliochoriales. Les cellules géantes déciduales, dont le nombre diminue en fin de gestation comportent parfois un ou plusieurs «corps glycogéniques». Le syncytiotrophoblaste, siége d'activité de biosynthése de stéroïdes, est riche en ergastoplasme, ce qui autorise à postuler la synthése d'hormones protéiques.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of feline placental labyrinth has been studied from the 45th to the 63rd day of gestation. The endotheliochorial structure is composed of: a thick hypertrophied maternal endothelium with giant decidual cells; an “interstitial inert substance”; a continuous syncytial layer (syncytiotrophoblast) and a discontinuous cellular layer (cytotrophoblast) of trophoblast; and a thin foetal endothelium with its surrounding mesenchyme. Foetal capillaries increasingly invade the syncytiotrophoblast. Maternal endothelial hypertrophy is reduced in the last days of gestation. Thus the interval between maternal and foetal bloods may in some areas become 2 μ, in late pregnancy. Foetal endothelium, syncytiotrophoblast, and maternal endothelium demonstrate ultrastructural features of transfer function. The “interstitial inert substance”, which separates maternal from foetal tissue was always evident though with variable thickness. The giant decidual cells which are reduced in late pregnancy, show one or several “glycogen bodies”. The syncytiotrophoblast, where some steroïd biosynthesis has been demonstrated, has an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum suggestive of protein hormone synthesis activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341379
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Function and interaction of on and off transients in vision II. Neurophysiology (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 19 (1974), S. 507-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; LGN ; Transients ; Antagonistic inhibition ; Sensory storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal responses to interruptions of light stimuli were studied in 58 X-type and 7 Y-type LGN relay cells with intra- and extracellular recording techniques. The responses to interruption were then compared with responses to either appearing or disappearing light stimuli which had the same luminance and size as the interrupted stimulus. The extent to which responses to interruption differed from those to appearance and disappearance was studied as a function of the interstimulus interval (ISI), the duration of the stimulus before the interruption (t1) and after the interruption (t2). Responses to stimuli appearing after interruptions of up to 500 msec were weaker than those to appearance and disappearance. This difference decreased with increasing ISI. The difference between responses to appearance and interruption increased as t2 decreased, and decreased as t1 decreased. The reverse was true for the difference between responses to disappearance and interruption. Stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation consistently reduced the difference between responses to appearance and disappearance compared with those to interruption for all stimulus conditions. These results are discussed in the context of the psychophysical study presented in the preceding paper. It is shown that the neuronal reactions are reflected in detail by the ability of humans to detect appearances and disappearances that occur during interruptions. EPSP sequences recorded from LGN relay cells and relay cell responses conditioned by reticular stimulation suggest that the differentiation of responses to interruption and change partially occurs already in the retina. This differentiation is subsequently enhanced by antagonistic inhibition in the LGN. It is proposed that these inhibitory interactions at peripheral sites of the visual pathway store visual information and serve to reduce the redundancy of responses to short interruptions of the visual input. Centrifugal modulation of LGN inhibition is proposed to control the trade off between temporal integration and temporal resolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236114
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal activity during eye movements in a visual association area of cat cerebral cortex (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 19 (1974), S. 467-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Suprasylvian gyrus ; Cat ; Single neurons ; Eye movements ; Direction sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 270 single neurons from the anterior part of the middle suprasylvian gyrus (AMSS) were recorded in awake and non-paralyzed cats (Chronic preparation). 10% were unresponsive to visual stimulation, the remainder reacted well to moving visual stimuli. Half of the units tested were directionally selective. Horizontal, or downward preferred directions predominated. Most neurons were relative insensitive to changes of shape, orientation, contrast, and velocity of the visual stimulus. Some neurons preferred rapid (100°/sec) jerky movements, others required complex motions of irregular shapes, a few strongly preferred objects moving towards the animal in the midsagittal plane. 40% of neurons yielded phasic On-Off reaction to flashing stationary spots. Habituation to repeated stimulation was a common feature and occured in 50% of AMSS neurons. In 19% of neurons tested the discharge rate was not affected by saccadic eye movements, when the animal faced a patterned background. Among the remainder two types of saccade associated responses could be distinguished. Type I discharged prior to or simultaneously with the onset of saccades. This early response was usually associated with saccades of particular directions. Saccades in total darkness yielded weaker and less consistent responses. Type II discharged subsequent to the onset of the saccades after a latency of 40 msec (type IIa), 40–80 msec (type IIb) and 80 msec (type IIc). Responses of type IIa are probably consequences of the retinal effects of eye movements. The saccade associated responses of type Ia, IIb and IIc are tentatively interpreted as results of an eye movement-synchroneous subcortical input, which facilitates transmission in AMSS neurons. Presaccadic facilitation, which generates type Ia responses, may be functionally related to shifts of attention prior to eye movements. It is suggested that postsaccadic facilitation, which underlies the reactions of type IIb and IIc, may be a correlate of visual attention during the fixation period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236111
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflexes in postganglionic fibres within skin and muscle nerves after noxious stimulation of skin (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Somato-sympathetic reflexes ; Cutaneous and muscle postganglionic neurones ; Noxious stimulation of skin ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Somomato-sympathetic reflexes in postganglionic neurones to skin and muscle induced by noxious stimulation of skin were studied in cats anaesthetized with chloralose. The reflexes were elicited by mechanical damaging stimuli and by temperature stimuli of more than 45°C. 2. In most cutaneous units the spontaneous activity was depressed during noxious stimulation of skin. Some cutaneous units were excited or showed mixed responses. The depression of the spontaneous activity was maximal from the skin area which was innervated by the cutaneous postganglionic neurones and much weaker or not elicitable from other skin areas. 3. Most muscle units were excited during noxious stimulation of skin. This excitation could be elicited from all over the body surface. 4. The effective cutaneous afferent fibres which are involved in these reflexes are the Group III axones which are excitable by mechanical damaging stimuli and the Group IV axones which are excitable by mechanical damaging and/or by thermal noxious stimuli. 5. These investigations reveal that the somato-sympathetic reflexes have opposite organization in cutaneous and muscle postganglionic fibres. The reflex patterns are discussed in relation to a possible central organization of the sympathetic nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234007
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of visual experience in the development of optokinetic response in kittens (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Selective rearing ; Maturation ; OKN ; Perception of motion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Kittens reared in the dark from birth were exposed one hour a day between the 4th and the 10th week of age, to a visual environment which consisted exclusively of vertical edges moving horizontally at a constant speed, and always in the same direction. Total exposure time varied between 10 and 60 hours. 2. At the 12th week of age, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in response to displacements of the visual field, was tested. Displacements in the direction that the kittens had experienced during the exposure period elicited immediately an OKN, the frequency of which was related to the speed of the moving pattern. Displacements in the opposite direction elicited a poorer response, only for slowly moving edges. When the speed of the displacement was increased, OKN failed to adapt and finally disappeared. 3. These results suggest the existence, in this type of visuomotor behavior, of a component built up by early visual experience (adaptative component) overlying another component pre-existing visual experience (pre-programmed component).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238319
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attention in the cat: Electrophysiological and behavioural studies (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 21 (1974), S. 67-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sensory transmission ; Lateral geniculate nucleus ; Visual cortex ; Attentive behaviour ; Vigilance ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The behaviour of 6 cats was studied in a vigilance task. Each cat was trained to press a pedal on the floor of a training box. A waiting interval of fixed (FI) or variable (VI) duration then followed, after which a stimulus (S), a spot of light or a tone, was presented for a short period of time. The cat gave a correct response if, during this time, it pressed a panel. The animal was then rewarded with food. When an experiment had been completed using one S the cat was trained to respond to the other. The latency of response following the onset of S was measured for each waiting interval in the VI schedules. It was found that the longer latencies were associated with the shorter waiting intervals; that is, the cats responded more quickly to S as expectancy increased. Between the time the pedal and pand were pressed the optic tract (OT) was shocked not more than once and the response of the LGN and visual cortex recorded. The time at which the shock was delivered varied from 1 trial to the next. The responsiveness of the LGN and visual cortex did not vary during the waiting interval in either of the FI schedules or in the VI schedule in which S was a spot of light. However, in the VI schedule in which S was a tone, the responsiveness of the visual cortex to the thalamocortical input declined as the length of the waiting interval increased. No changes were observed at the LGN or in the presynaptic cortical response. These results contrast with those observed during changes in the level of arousal as assessed by the ECoG. When the ECoG passed from the synchronised to the desynchronised state there was an increase in the amplitude of the postsynaptic LGN response to the OT shock, but no change in the responsiveness of the cortex to the increased thalamocortical input. These changes in transmission in the visual pathways are discussed in relationship to the animal's behaviour and to the inferred state of attention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234258
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrotonic coupling between motoneurones in the abducens nucleus of the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 21 (1974), S. 139-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Electrotonic coupling ; Antidromic responses ; Abducens motoneurone ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The electrical stimulation of the abducens nerve provokes the classical true antidromic invasion of the abducens motoneurone and a depolarization which is often capable of generating full action potentials in the impaled motoneurone. Experiments studying these depolarizations suggest the existence of electrotonic coupling between the abducens motoneurones of the cat. Intracellular activity of the abducens motoneurones was recorded following intracellular stimulation of the impaled neurone and antidromic stimulation of the abducens nerve. Collision between the outgoing action potential and the antidromic volley differentiated the true antidromic spike from the depolarizations which can induce or not action potentials. The latency of the depolarization ranged between 100 and 1200 μsec. Collision demonstrated that the depolarization and the true antidromic action potential have an independent origin. The depolarizations and action potentials which are not conveyed to the motoneurone by its own axon are interpreted to be generated by electrotonic coupling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234386
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical organization in the visual cortex (area 17) in the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 21 (1974), S. 315-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Visual cortex (area 17) ; Cat ; Columnar organization ; Retino-cortical scatter ; Intracortical connections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Responses of cortical cells in the cat's area 17 (central and paracentral area), recorded successively during electrode penetrations perpendicular to the surface, were averaged (PSTH). All cells recorded during one penetration were stimulated with the same stimulus, a slowly moving light or dark slit oriented optimally for the first cell recorded. Comparisons between successively recorded cells were completed by simultaneous recordings from two neurones with the same microelectrode tip. Eye movements as an error were excluded by simultaneous recording of a geniculate cell throughout a cortical penetration. 2. The centers of excitatory receptive fields (ERFs) of simultaneously or successively recorded cells during a penetration may be separated by more than 4°. The mean scatter around a column average is 0.81±0.99° in both directions. The scatter is independent of the recording depth. Whereas the optimal orientation of cells recorded during one penetration was generally similar, the optimal direction (forward and backward movement of an optimally oriented stimulus) was variable. 3. The ERF diameters as determined from the PSTH were between 〈0.5° and 7.5°. During each penetration, cells with small (up to 3.0°) and large (〉3.0°) ERFs could be discriminated. The inhibitory fields (determined with the conditioning method of Bishop, Coombs and Henry, 1971) were between 2.0 and 8.5° along both the optimal and the non-optimal orientation axis of a cell. The borders of inhibitory fields of cells collected during one penetration were also scattered though overlapping. 4. Response analysis of simultaneously and successively recorded cells with different stimuli indicated that, in spite of considerable ERF-overlap, cells with small ERFs had separate excitatory inputs and that intracortical excitatory connections between cells recorded during one penetration were improbable. 5. The ERFs of cells with large ERFs covered a field approximately corresponding to the fields of cells with small ERFs. But a convergent input from many small ERF cells to single large ERF cells was excluded because of the incompatible functional properties of both types of cells, which correspond to some extent to simple and complex cells respectively. 6. It is concluded that cells within cortical cylinders are not connected through excitatory contacts with each other and that most cells in area 17 are excited by individual excitatory geniculate or cortical inputs. Inhibitory connections seem to be the most important intracortical connections. 7. In an Appendix it is shown that anatomical and physiological data do not support significant excitatory convergence of specific geniculate afferents on cortical neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235750
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the origin of the corticotectal projections in the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 21 (1974), S. 433-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Superior colliculus ; Visual cortex ; Layer V-pyramids ; Clare Bishop area ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stereotaxic injection of horseradish peroxidase into the superior colliculus produced retrograde labelling of layer V pyramides in the Clare Bishop area and the lateral bank of the suprasylvian sulcus, in area 17,18 and 19. Single labelled cells were also found scattered in the splenial, the suprasplenial, the lateral and the suprasylvian gyri. In the cruciate sulcus no labelled cells were observed. Autoradiographically, the lateral bank of the suprasylvian sulcus was also shown to give rise to fibres to the superior colliculus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237905
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lateral reticular nucleus in the cat II. Organization of component activated from bilateral ventral flexor reflex tract (bVFRT) (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 21 (1974), S. 487-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral reticular nucleus ; Bilateral ventral flexor reflex tract (bVFRT) ; Spino-reticulo-cerebellar path ; Cerebellum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Neurones in the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) activated by the bilateral ventral flexor reflex tract (bVFRT-LRN neurones) were identified by their responses to stimulation of fibres descending in the contralateral ventral quadrant of the spinal cord which activate the bVFRT neurones monosynaptically. 2. Eighty-eight of the 134 bVFRT-LRN neurones encountered could be antidromically activated at a low stimulus strength from small areas of the cerebellar surface assumed to represent cortical termination points. 3. The bVFRT-LRN neurones occurred throughout the parvi- and magnocellular parts of the LRN and terminated bilaterally in the anterior lobe and sparsely in the ipsilateral paramedian lobule and in the pyramis. 4. The responses evoked in the bVFRT-LRN neurones on stimulation of the contralateral ventral quadrant at C5 and L1 made it possible to estimate the approximate spinal level from which the bVFRT fibres originated. On this basis the bVFRT-LRN neurones were divided into cervical, thoracic, and lumbar groups receiving bVFRT afferents from mainly one spinal level and a convergence group receiving bVFRT afferents from several levels. 5. The different bVFRT-LRN groups received excitation from different combinations of nerves in the four limbs. 6. The cervical, thoracic and lumbar groups of the bVFRT-LRN neurones occurred in successively more ventrolateral portions of the LRN. 7. The cervical, thoracic and lumbar groups of the bVFRT-LRN neurones terminated in successively more rostral areas of the anterior lobe. 8. The organization of the bVFRT-LRN path is compared with that of the ventral and rostral spinocerebellar tracts. The possible function of the bVFRT-LRN path is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237167
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  • 16
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    Electronic Resource
    The projection of the superior colliculus onto the reticular formation of the brain stem an experimental anatomical study in the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 19 (1974), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Reticular formation ; Superior colliculus ; Cat ; Experimental anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following altogether 18 stereotactically placed lesions of different location and size in the superior colliculus the efferent fibres to the RF and their distribution were traced in silver impregnated, approximately serial sections (Nauta and Fink and Heimer methods), cut in the transverse, horizontal or sagittal plane. The projection to the mesencephalic RF was found to be almost completely ipsilateral, that to the pontomedullary RF largely contralateral. In the mesencephalic RF the fibres end in its dorsal half approximately. In the pons and medulla they supply only the medial 2/3 of the main RF, with two distinct maxima within the total field of termination. One maximum covers the rostral part of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis and the adjoining part of the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis, the other occupies the rostralmost part of the latter and the caudal part of the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis. Of the precerebellar reticular nuclei the contralateral nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis receives a distinct component of tectal fibres in a small area dorsomedially. Some fibres end in a restricted part of the nucleus reticularis lateralis and in the paramedian reticular nucleus. The tectoreticular projection appears to be organized according to the same principles as other afferents to the RF. In the main RF the areas of termination of the tectoreticular fibres coincide more or less with the areas of termination of corticoreticular, fastigioreticular and vestibuloreticular fibres. These common terminal areas are those which give off the bulk of reticulospinal fibres. Some functional implications of the pattern of organization in the tectoreticular projection are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233392
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of fixed order of recruitment in cat motoneuron pools (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 101-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Size principle ; Motoneurons ; Cat ; Recruitment ; Neurophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Henneman et al. have shown that a wide variety of stimuli activate motoneurons in the order of their sizes, though some reversals occur. It is not clear which motoneurons should be included in the “pool” from which recruitment by size takes place. The “pool” may consist of 1. all the motoneurons to a given muscle 2. all the motoneurons in a given ventral root or 3. all the motoneurons activated by a given stimulus. We have examined recruitment in the pool of fibers to a given muscle. A variety of mechanical stimuli to cat's legs were used to elicit bursts of activity in gastrocnemius motor units. In 30% of pairs of units, one unit had a consistently lower threshold, i.e. it always began and ended a burst. In the other 70%, either unit could start or end a burst. For 48% of motor unit pairs recorded in either the medial or lateral gastrocnemius, each unit of the pair had runs of firing of at least 10 spikes while the other was totally inactive. By the same criterion, 23% of pairs of temporalis units showed differential activity. During spontaneous breathing there was no consistent recruitment order in 24% of pairs of units in throat respiratory muscles. These data indicate that reversals of recruitment order are relatively common for motoneurons innervating the same muscle. We discuss the possibility that size principle may hold for motoneurons in a single ventral rootlet whose somas are anatomical neighbors (even though they innervate different muscles), but not for motoneurons that are anatomically distant in the cord (even though they innervate the same muscle).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234005
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  • 18
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of differential blocking of motor axons on antidromic activation of Renshaw cells in the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 135-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Renshaw cell ; Antidromic activation ; Differential blocking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Attempts were made to study differences in the relative effectiveness of different size ranges of motor axons to Renshaw cells by differential blocking of larger fibers of the gastrocnemius nerve in cats anesthetized with Nembutal. 1. Differential blocking of larger fibers in the nerve was successfully obtained by applying trapezoid wave current to the nerve. 2. It was shown that more than half (58.1%) of the Renshaw cells receive homogeneous inputs from a motor axon collaterals, 25.8% of the cell receive collateral inputs from a certain group of fibers, and 12.5% of the Renshaw cells were activated by “γ range” fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234008
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reflexes in postganglionic fibres within skin and muscle nerves after mechanical non-noxious stimulation of skin (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Somato-sympathetic reflexes ; Postganglionic fibres to skin and muscle ; Natural stimulation of skin ; Hair-follicle receptors ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Somato-sympathetic reflexes in postganglionic neurones to hairy skin and to muscle produced by mechanical non-noxious stimulation of skin were studied in cats anesthetized with chloralose. Most of the postganglionic fibres investigated were spontaneously active and had presumably vasoconstrictor function. 2. In 60% of the cutaneous postganglionic neurones stimulation of hairs induced predominantly excitation. This excitation was mostly followed by a slight depression of the spontaneous activity. In 30% of the neurones the spontaneous activity was depressed or predominantly depressed by these stimuli. 3. In most muscle postganglionic neurones the spontaneous activity was depressed by stimulation of hairs. 4. In both types of neurones the reflexes were produced by activity in hair follicle receptors with Group II afferents. Hair follicle receptors with Group III afferents most probably also contributed to this effect. Except for a slight depression of the spontaneous activity in some cutaneous postganglionic neurones by slowly adapting receptors, mechanical stimulation of other types of receptors with Group II afferents had no effect on the postganglionic neurones. 5. Reflexes in postganglionic neurones could be elicited by stimulation of hairy skin all over the body surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234006
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    Projections thalamiques des noyaux vestibulaires: Etude histologique chez le chat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 273-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular nuclei ; Thalamic projections ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrolytic lesions were placed into the left vestibular nuclei of 22 adult cats. Silver impregnation for degenerated terminal fibres of serial sections revealed the existence of a relay of the corticopetal vestibular pathway in the contralateral thalamus. Its main afferent fibres originate in the superior and medial vestibular nuclei. By crosschecking the results it was possible to demarcate a focus of vestibular projections in the ventro-caudal part of the thalamus, situated between the centre median, the ventro-basal group and the caudal segment of the ventro-lateral nucleus. The direct ascending afferents of this focus are relatively few in number. The functional significance of this vestibular relay with regard to the proprioceptive influx passing through this region of the thalamus is open to discussion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238317
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilateral semicircular canal inputs to neurons in cat vestibular nuclei (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 285-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Ampullary nerve ; Cat ; EPSP ; IPSP ; Vestibular neuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The six ampullary nerves in both labyrinths were separately stimulated by electric pulses in anesthetized cats. Resulting responses in neurons in the vestibular nuclei were recorded intracellularly. Almost all the vestibular neurons showed an EPSP in response to stimulation of the ipsilateral ampullary nerve. These neurons were subclassified as A-, L-, and P-neuron receiving specific projections from the anterior, lateral and posterior canal, respectively. Three fourths of the vestibular neurons recorded from received an IPSP in response to stimulation of the contralateral ampullary nerve. Plane-specific contralateral inhibition was found in most of vestibular neurons; i.e. A-, L-, and P-neuron received IPSP from the contralateral posterior, lateral, and anterior ampullary nerve, respectively. Approximately two thirds of vestibular neurons exhibiting the plane-specific inhibition were recorded in the medial vestibular nucleus. A collision test of impulses in primary afferent fibers were performed during recording of ipsilateral EPSPs produced by strong stimulation of more than one ampullary nerve. No positive evidence was provided for the existence of neural convergence on single vestibular neurons from different ampullary nerves on the same side. It is suggested that the plane-specific contralateral inhibition increase the sensitivity of vestibular neurons during head rotation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238318
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of cat vestibular neurons to sinusoidal roll tilt (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 347-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular nuclei ; Tilt response ; Sinusoid ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Extracellular recordings were made in the lateral and inferior vestibular nuclei of decerebrate, unanesthetized cats. The firing patterns of single units were studied using small amplitude sinusoidal roll tilts of from 0.01 Hz to 1.0 Hz. Three-fourths of the tilt-sensitive units showed greater modulation of their firing rates as the frequency of the sinusoidal tilt was increased. The responses of cells in both nuclei were similar. These responses were virtually unchanged in cats with chronically plugged semicircular canals, indicating a probable otolith origin for the dynamics of the tilt response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237380
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatosensory cortical involvement in responses to noxious stimulation in the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 363-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pain ; Somatosensation ; Cerebral cortex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The experiment examines the role of the cerebral cortex in regulating responses to noxious stimulation by studying the effects of cortical ablations in cats on escape from electric shock applied to the foot pads. The latency of escape as a function of shock intensity was measured before and after bilateral ablations of various portions of the cat's somatosensory cerebral cortex. Ablations of the second somatosensory cerebral cortex significantly increased the escape response threshold. If the sulci bordering this region were included in the ablation, the threshold increase was greater and longer-lasting. Ablations of the primary somatosensory cortex increased latencies at most intensities of electric shock, but did not change the response thresholds. Ablations of both primary and second somatosensory cortex increased response thresholds and response latencies. None of these ablations altered the responses, however, if the cat had been overtrained for six to seven months prior to surgery. The results suggest that the second somatosensory region and the sulci bordering the second somatosensory region in the cat cerebral cortex are involved in responses to noxious stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237381
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An intracellular study of neuronal organization in the visual cortex (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 21 (1974), S. 45-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Visual cortex ; Efferent cells ; Non-efferent cells ; Synaptic connection ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal connections in the visual cortex of cat (areas 17 and 18) were studied with intracellular recording and electrical stimulation techniques under Nembutal anaesthesia. Four types of axonal projection were seen; 1. association efferent cells projecting to adjacent cerebral cortex on the ipsilateral side, 2. commissural efferent cells to visual cortex on the contralateral side, 3. corticofugal efferent cells to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate body and superior colliculus, and 4. non-efferent cells whose projection is confined within the visual cortex. Both association and commissural efferent cells were located in layer III, corticofugal efferent cells in layer V and non-efferent cells in layers II–VI. Upon these cells two types of synaptic actions were exerted by the specific visual afferents that originate from the lateral geniculate body; 1. type I, monosynaptic excitation plus disynaptic inhibition and 2. type II, disynaptic excitation plus trisynaptic inhibition. Type I effects were found in layers III–V, and type II in layers II and VI. In the border region between areas 17 and 18 monosynaptic excitation and disynaptic inhibition were produced also by the commissural efferents originating from the contralateral visual cortex. On the basis of these results, a possible neuronal circuitry in the visual cortex is postulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234257
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lateral reticular nucleus in the cat I. Mossy fibre distribution in cerebellar cortex (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 21 (1974), S. 473-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral reticular nucleus ; Reticulocerebellar projection ; Cerebellum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The areas of the cerebellar cortex receiving fibres from the mLRN (major portion of the lateral reticular nucleus comprising its parvi- and magnocellular parts) were determined by identifying the low-threshold spots on the cerebellar surface from which 286 mLRN neurones could be antidromically activated. 2. The mLRN fibres terminate bilaterally in the anterior lobe and pyramis, and ipsilaterally in the paramedian lobule. Some fibres terminate also in the rostral part of lobule VI but hardly any in other parts of the cortex. It follows that the mLRN projects almost exclusively to the classical spinal receiving areas. 3. Neurones in the parvi- and magnocellular parts project to similar cortical areas. 4. Two regions in the mLRN were distinguished on the basis of their different projection areas. Region A, a dorsolateral portion of the magnocellular part, projects to the ipsilateral parts intermedia of the anterior lobe and the ipsilateral paramedian lobule. Region B, a ventral portion of the parvi- and magnocellular parts, projects bilaterally to the pars intermedia and vermis of the anterior lobe and sparsely to the pyramis. 5. Neurones throughout the parvi- and magnocellular parts receive monosynaptic excitation from fibres ascending in the ventral part of the ipsilateral lateral funiculus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237166
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  • 26
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    Electronic Resource
    The lateral reticular nucleus in the cat III. Organization of component activated from ipsilateral forelimb tract (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 21 (1974), S. 501-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral reticular nucleus ; Spinoreticular tract ; Cerebellum ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The activation of neurones in the mLRN (major portion of lateral reticular nucleus comprising its parvi- and magnocellular parts) by two spinal tracts ascending through the ventral part of the lateral funiculus has been studied by recording from 277 neurones of which 187 could be antidromically activated by stimulation of the cerebellar surface. Forty-eight % of the neurones were activated by the bVFRT and described in a previous paper (Clendenin et al., 1975b) and 12% were activated by a previously unknown tract denoted the ipsilateral forelimb (iF) tract and described in the present paper. 2. The iF-tract is activated by stimulation of nerves in the ipsilateral forelimb only. The response consists of a train of impulses with a high initial frequency and an almost constant latency. Cutaneous afferents and high threshold muscle afferents contribute to the excitation which is mediated by interneurones. 3. The responses to stimulation of peripheral receptors were weak and difficult to classify. 4. The iF-tract activates neurones in the dorsolateral portion of the magnocellular part of the mLRN which projects to the ipsilateral pars intermedia of the anterior lobe and the ipsilateral paramedian lobule. 5. The possible information carried by the iF-tract is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237168
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The organization of projections from the cerebellar nuclei to the contralateral motor cortex in the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 19 (1974), S. 36-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellar nuclei ; Motor cortex ; Evoked potentials ; Topographical organization ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. A topographical study of cerebello-cortical relations was conducted in cats anesthetized with chloralose. The potentials evoked by punctate stimulation of the cerebellar nuclei were recorded at various sites in the contralateral motor cortex. A map of the cortical responses obtained by stimulating each of the cerebellar nuclei was established. For this purpose, the stimulation thresholds as well as the response amplitudes, polarity and latency were noted. 2. Local stimulation of each cerebellar nucleus evoked responses in particular regions of the contralateral motor cortex. When a stimulus was applied to the interpositus nucleus, short latency responses were recorded in the lateral part of the area 4. Dentate nucleus stimulation induced short latency responses in the medial part of area 4 and in area 6. Furthermore, late responses were also recorded laterally in area 4. 3. The interpositus nucleus was found to project to the portion of motor cortical area controlling the distal forelimb with only a fast conducting pathway. The fastigial nucleus seems to be connected with proximal and axial motor areas. The projection system of the dentate nucleus appears to have a temporal organization: a fast conducting pathway was found to project to the axial and proximal motor area while a slower one seems to transmit impulses to the motor area of the forelimb extremity. 4. The functional aspects suggested by the temporal organization of the cerebellocortical inputs and the distribution of each nucleus projections on the motor cortical areas are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233394
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    Effets de la stimulation des fibres et des mécanorécepteurs splanchniques sur l'activité unitaire du cortex somesthésique (1974)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 348 (1974), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Splanchnic Afferents ; G.I. and Peritoneal Receptors ; Cortical Projections ; Microelectrode Technique ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The experiments were performed on cats anesthetized with chloralose or Nembutal. The unitary activity of cortical neurons was recorded in the SI and SII areas by means of extracellular glass microelectrodes. The neurons showed frequently a spontaneous discharge (irregular or regular tonic discharge bursts of spikes). The electrical stimulation of contralateral splanchnic nerves produced different effects on a great number of the neurons: 1. early short activation, 2. late activation, 3. early and late complex activation, 4. partial or total inhibition of the spontaneous activity. These effects were obtained in the different cortical layers. Similar results have been observed by mechanical stimulation of the splanchnic receptors located in the gastro-intestinal tract and in the peritoneum. However in this case, the duration and the amplitude of inhibition and activation were generally weaker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586475
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die hydrophilen Gele als Blut-Kontaktmaterialien (1974)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 335 (1974), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Coating ; Blood-Compatibility ; Gels ; Chemistry ; Hydrophilic Monomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die wichtigsten Arbeiten über hydrophile Gele ausgewählt und im Hinblick auf ihre Eignung als aussichtsreiche Blut-Kontaktmaterialien betrachtet. Die Reaktionsbedingungen werden beschrieben, und die gegenseitige Wechselwirkung von Blut und Kunststoff wird dargestellt.
    Notes: Summary By the selection of the relevant sources it is attempted to present the contemporary research situation of the hydrophilic polymeric gels as promising materials for the contact with the blood in the organism. The reaction conditions of the current syntheses are described as well as the mutual interactions of the blood and the contact surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01251641
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Junctions in the central nervous system of the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 149 (1974), S. 121-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Astrocytic membranes ; Cat ; Orthogonal particle-complexes ; Freeze-etching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fixed and unfixed astrocytic membranes from the CNS of the cat were studied by means of the freeze-etching technique. A variable number of gap junctions was detected in astrocytic membranes. They are characterized by the well known hexagonal composition of their subunits. Besides this type of highly ordered membrane-bound particles, a second one was found. It is composed of four single particles (diameter 5 nm) which form an orthogonal subunit with a side length of about 10 nm. These membrane-associated orthogonal particle complexes (MOPC) could be observed in different stages of aggregation and expansion. They reveal an accumulation in membranes of the marginal glia layers and in the perivascular astrocytic end-feet. Unfixed, glycerol treated membranes, however, do not show these structures. After glycerol treatment of the unfixed membranes by immersion, the MOPC disintegrate to single particles which form clusters of various extension. The clustering phenomenon is dependent on the length of the time of exposure to glycerol. Shortening of the glycerol treatment by intravasal perfusion of the cryoprotectant agent causes an decrease of the clusters. Fragments and transient forms of the MOPC become visible. By variation of different physico-chemical parameters of the washing solution a similar effect on the MOPC was not achieved. The discussion deals with probable functional aspects of the MOPC. They are considered to act as membrane-bound functional multienzyme complexes which a) might play a role in mediating transmembrane passage of metabolites, or b) are essential for CSF control mechanisms, or c) have a functional relation to the nexus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209055
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  • 31
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    Some observations on the ultrastructure of the central amygdaloid nucleus in the cat (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 489-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Limbic system ; Cat ; Amygdaloid body ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was undertaken to re-examine the central nucleus of the cat in Nissl stained sections, to describe its fine structural characteristics, and to compare the lateral subdivision of this nucleus with the putamen. In Nissl preparations, it was observed that the lateral subdivision of the central nucleus contains a fairly homogeneous population of small cells while the putamen contains both small and large cells. It is the presence of a few large cells at the lateral periphery of the lateral part of the central nucleus that makes the boundary between the two nuclei indistinct. Examination of the fine structure of the medial and lateral subdivisions of the central nucleus revealed the presence of many boutons containing flattened vesicles and fewer with spheroid vesicles. In contrast, most of the boutons in the putamen have spheroid vesicles. It is concluded that the lateral subdivision of the central nucleus may be distinguished from the putamen, except at its most lateral border, by its homogeneous population of small cells and its many boutons containing flattened vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222994
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Umweltschutz (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 49-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050112
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  • 33
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    Einführung in die Elektrochemie fester Stoffe. Von H. Rickert, Universität Dortmund. 1. Auflage, Springer-Verlag Berlin - Heidelberg - New York 1973. 223 Seiten, 64 Bilder, gebunden. Preis DM 46, - , US-Dollar 18,90 (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 51-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050114
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  • 34
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    Grundlagen metallischer Werkstoffe, Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz. Von einem Autorenkollektiv. 1. Auflage, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig 1973. 147 Seiten, 99 Bilder, 14 Tabellen, Kunststoffolie. Preis 9, -  M (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 52-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050122
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    Rohr-Innendruck-Zeitstanduntersuchungen bei überlagerter Heißdampf-Korrosion Versuchsaufbau, Methode und Prüfung von Rohrmaterial der Legierung Incoloy 800 (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 34-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress-Rupture Testing of Tubing under Superimposed Steam Corrosion Attack. Experimental Set-Up, Method, and Results of Incoloy Alloy 800 Tube Long-Time Testing. A special experimental set-up was built for long-time stress-rupture testing of tubing under biaxial stresses and superimposed steam corrosion attack. The principles of its construction and the applied testing method, but also the results of Incoloy Alloy 800 thin wall tube testing at constant load, pressurized with argon or steam, are described.At 650 and 700 °C the mechanical properties (strength, ductility) were not influenced by the superimposed corrosion attack. The increase in surface and bulk oxidation, varying with the stress level, is explained by the influence of creep rate and the state of surface oxidation at the time of exposure when the tertiary creep is beginning to be effective.
    Notes: Zur Messung der Zeitstandfestigkeit von Rohrmaterial bei dreiachsiger Beanspruchung und überlagerter Heißdampf-Korrosion wurde ein eigener Prüfstand erstellt. Es werden die Prinzipien seines Aufbaues und der angewandten Prüfmethode sowie die Ergebnisse von Zeitstand Untersuchungen an dünnwandigen Rohren der Legierung Incoloy 800 in Argon und überhitztem Wasserdampf beschrieben.Sie zeigen, daß bei 650 und 700 °C die Festigkeit und die Dehnung dieser Legierung durch den oxidativen Angriff nicht verändert werden. Die verstärkte Korrosion wird hinsichtlich ihres unterschiedlichen Ausmaßes und Oxidwachstums durch den Einfluß der Kriechgeschwindigkeit und des Oxidationszustandes der Oberfläche zum Zeitpunkt des Einsetzens des tertiären Abschnittes der Kriechkurve erklärt.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050107
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    Allgemeine Werkstoffkunde für Ingenieurschulen. Autorenkollektiv unter Federführung von Fachschuldozent Dipl.-Ing. H. Opitz. 7. verbesserte Auflage, VEB Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig 1973. 307 Seiten, 227 Bilder, 64 Tabellen. Halbgewebeeinb. Preis 12,80 M (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 51-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050113
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    Baustoffe für tragende Bauteile. Band 3: Metallische Stoffe: Stahl, Aluminium, Metallkorrosion. Von Prof Dr.-Ing. Karlhans Wesche. 1. Auflage, Bauverlag GmbH, Wiesbaden und Berlin 1973. 156 Seiten, viele Bilder, viele Tabellen, 17 × 23 cm. Glanzfolie. Preis DM 28, -  (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 51-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050117
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    Bruchmechanik. Grundlagen, Prüfmethoden, Anwendungsgebiete. Von Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Horst Blumenauer u. Dr.-Ing. Gerhard Pusch. 1. Auflage, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig 1973. 138 Seiten, 105 Bilder, 20 Tabellen, DIN A 5. Preis 14,80 M (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 52-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050121
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050201
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  • 40
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    Torsionswechselversuch mit kaltpreßgeschweißten Zirkonium/Stahl-Proben (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 72-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Torsional cycling of cold pressure welded zirconium/steel-specimens. Low-cycle fatigue of cold pressure welder zirconium/steel-specimens has been studied in cyclic torsion. The critical number of cycles Ncr instead of the number of cycles to final failure Nf is taken for evaluation of the endurance life in low-cycle fatigue. Ncr is defined as the number of cycles leading to the formation of a crack which noticeably weakens the specimen. The relationship NKra · Δγ = const. is achieved for bonded specimens. The results have been correlated with the observations in unwelded zirconium and steel to predict the endurance life of bonded specimens. Microstructure studies revealed crack initiation at points of intense slip in zirconium. Fracture occured always in zirconium outside the welded zone.
    Notes: Plastoermüdung (low-cycle fatigue) an kaltpreßgeschweißten Zirkonium/Stahl-Proben wurde im Torsionswechselversuch untersucht. Zur Bestimmung der Lebensdauer bei Plastoermüdung wurde die kritische Lastspielzahl NKr anstelle der Bruchlastspielzahl NB verwendet. NKr ist die Lastspielzahl, bei der Risse auftreten, die die Probe merklich schwächen. Der Zusammenhang NKra. Δγ = C wurde auch für geschweißte Proben gewonnen. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Beobachtungen an ungeschweißten Proben in Zusammenhang gebracht, um die Lebensdauer der geschweißten Proben voraussagen zu können. Mikroskopische Untersuchungen zeigten die Anrißbildung an Stellen intensiver Gleitung in Zirkonium. Der Bruch erfolgte immer außerhalb der Schweißnaht im Zirkonium.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050205
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  • 41
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    Holographische Schwingungsanalyse (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 138-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Holographic Vibration Analysis. With the time averaging method of the holographic interferometry it is possible to measure the vibration amplitudes of models excited by natural or forced vibration. The models must not be plane and only opaque reflecting. In a few examples we demonstrate the determination of stress distributions on complicated solid structures (value plates) and fluid-solid systems. Such vibration states also occur after short time loading in the following steady state. We use a periodic excitation with frequencies between 100 Hz and 10 kHz and vibration amplitudes of about 1 μm. Edge stresses of about 10 kp/cm2 are measured on a vibrating valve plate with a thickness of 0,5 mm. The investigation of fluid-solid systems shows a diminuition of the natural frequency caused by the fluid component.
    Notes: Mit dem Zeitmittelungsverfahren der holographischen Interferometrie lassen sich bekanntlich die Schwingungsamplituden von Bauteilen, die durch Eigenschwingungen oder erzwungene Schwingungen hervorgerufen werden, auch an nicht ebenen und nicht spiegelnden Modellen bestimmen. Es wird gezeigt, wie man bei komplizierten geometrischen Strukturen (Ventilplatten) sowie festflüssigen Systemen Schwingungszustände quantitativ ermitteln kann, wie sie auch nach kurzzeitiger Belastung im darauf folgenden eingeschwungenen Zustand auftreten. Es wurde eine periodische Anregung mit einer Frequenz zwischen 100 Hz und 10 kHz und eine Schwingungsamplitude von ca. 1 μm benutzt. Dabei wurden Biegespannungsamplituden von ca. 10 kp/cm2 bei einer 0.5 mm dicken Ventilplatte gemessen. Bei den untersuchten festflüssigen Systemen wurde eine Verringerung der Eigenfrequenz durch die flüssige Komponente festgestellt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050307
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    Der Einfluß von Niob auf die Zeitstandfestigkeit von Schleudergußlegierungen mit 25% Chrom und 20% NickelHerrn Professor Dr.-Ing. E. h. Helmut Wagner zur Vollendung seines 65. Lebensjahres gewidmet (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Influence of Niobium on the Creep Rupture Strength of Centrifugally Cast Alloys Containing 25% Chromium and 20% Nickel. The material most frequently used in chemical furnace construction is G-X 40 CrNiSi 25 20 steel. Because of the change to larger units and the increase in operating pressure and temperature it is often no longer possible to obtain sufficiently long on-stream times with this alloy. The development consequently turned to new alloy variants which held out promise of an improved creep rupture strength, with undiminished resistance to corrosion. By adding niobium to alloys containing 25% chromium and 20% nickel it is possible to improve the thermal stability of centrifugal castings. The creep rupture strength data of two niobium-containing melts of this type of steel were determined experimentally. The creep rupture strength characteristics of the CrNi-containing centrifugally cast alloys with and without niobium was compared by platting the scatter jointly on one chart.
    Notes: Der im Chemieofenbau zur Zeit am häufigsten verwendete Werkstoff ist der G-X 40 CrNiSi 25 20. Durch den Übergang zu größeren Einheiten und das Ansteigen von Druck und Temperatur lassen sich mit dieser Legierung vielfach keine ausreichend langen Betriebszeiten mehr erreichen. Die Entwicklung ging daher zu neuen Legierungsvarianten, die eine bessere Zeitstandfestigkeit bei unverminderter Korrosionsbeständigkeit versprachen. Durch das Zulegieren von Niob läßt sich die Warmfestigkeit der Schleudergußqualitäten mit 25 % Chrom und 20 % Nickel verbessern. Die Zeitstandfestigkeitskennwerte von zwei niobhaltigen Schmelzen dieses Stahltyps wurden in Versuchen ermittelt. Der Vergleich der Zeitstandfestigkeitskennwerte der CrNi-haltigen Schleudergußsorten mit und ohne Niob ist anhand eines gemeinsamen Streubandes durchgeführt worden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050310
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    Firmennachrichten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 172-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050315
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  • 44
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    Mechanische Eigenschaften und Haftung von Zunderschichten - Einfluß auf die Oxidation von Metallen-. Von A. Rahmel, Frankfurt/Main, und J. Manenc, Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Schriftenreihe Korrosion 24. 1. Auflage, 1973, Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim. 91 Seiten, 132 Bilder, 18 Tabellen (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 175-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050319
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  • 45
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    Hochtemperatur-Plastizität. Von B. Ilschner, Erlangen-Nürnberg. Reine und angewandte Metallkunde in Einzeldarstellungen: Herausgeber: W. Köster, 1. Auflage, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1973, 314 Seiten, 123 Bilder, gebunden DM 58,-; US-Dollar 23,80 (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 176-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050322
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  • 46
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    Veranstaltungskalender (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. A38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050513
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  • 47
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    Gesetzmäßigkeiten im Verhalten duroplastischer Kunststoffe auf der Basis von Phenolharz (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 324-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Procedure of behavior of phenolic moulded material. Investigations of composites (multiphase systems) from resin/wood flour/stone powder show that the properties of these phenolic plastics are connected with composition of material and technical climate.The knowledge of these connections allows an economic selection of parts produced by moulded material for various requirements.
    Notes: Untersuchungen an duroplastischen Formstoffen, bestehend aus den Hauptkomponenten Harz/Holzmehl/Gesteinsmehl, zeigen, daß eindeutige Zusammenhänge zwischen Zusammensetzung dieser Teilchenverbundwerkstoffe, technoklimatischer Einflüsse und der daraus resultierenden Werkstoffeigenschaften bestehen. Die Kenntnis dieser Zusammenhänge ermöglicht eine wirtschaftliche Werkstoffauswahl und ein werkstoffgerechtes Dimensionieren von Bauteilen, die aus duroplastischen Formmassen hergestellt sind.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050608
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  • 48
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    Probleme der Kriechstromfestigkeit: Untersuchungen über den Einfluß der Prüflösung (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Problems of Tracking Tests: Influence of the Test Solution. This Paper reports on the influence of different electrolyts to the results of tracking tests. Specially the influence of the resistivity and the chemical components were explored. 34 materials were tested and the measured values of 16 are fixed in a table. In case of some of them the results are graphically described.
    Notes: Es wird über die Auswirkung unterschiedlicher Prüflösungen auf das Ergebnis der Kriechstromfestigkeits-Prüfung von Isolierstoffen berichtet. Besonders wird der Einfluß des spezifischen Widerstandes und der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Prüflösung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse sind graphisch für einige Beispiele dargestellt und tabellarisch für 16 von 34 untersuchten Isolierstoffen zusammengefaßt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050807
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  • 49
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    Nachruf für Herrn Professor Dr. phil. Adolf Rose (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 390-390 
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    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050708
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  • 50
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    Electronic Resource
    Firmennachrichten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 451-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050810
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  • 51
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    Kurze Informationen (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 448-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050809
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    Zum Einfluß wechselnder Temperaturen auf das Zeitstandverhalten von NickellegierungenDie Arbeit wurde vom Bundesministerium für Verteidigung mit Mitteln aus dem Programm Zukunfts-Technik-Luftfahrt unterstützt. (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 258-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Effect of Alternating Temperatures on the Creep Strength of Nickel Alloys. The design of parts for duty under creep stresses, such as turbine blades, had conventionally been rested on the assumption of linearly accumulating damage in the presence of alternating temperatures. Experimental work on nickel alloys has now shown that the damage will not generally accumulate linearly. Temperature alternations, when superimposed upon creep stresses, will cause multiplicative damage by impairing the creep strength and on occasion substantially promoting creep.
    Notes: Beim Auslegen zeitstandbeanspruchter Teile, wie Turbinenschaufeln, wird bisher unter wechselnden Temperaturen eine lineare Schadenssummierung angenommen. Versuche an Nickellegierungen zeigen, daß lineare Schadenssummierung im allgemeinen nicht zutrifft. Der Zeitstandbeanspruchung überlagerte Temperaturwechsel schädigen multiplikativ durch Vermindern der Zeitstandfestigkeit und teilweise erheblichem Erhöhen des Kriechens.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050506
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  • 53
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    Firmennachrichten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050511
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  • 54
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    Masthead (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050601
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  • 55
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    Werkstoffzuverlässigkeit in der Tribologie (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 308-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Reliability of Materials in Tribology. The reliability of materials is, in general, reduced by lack of knowledge or the disregard of reaction mechanisms, by the disturbance of chemical or physical conditions of equilibrium and by changes in systems (e. g. combinations of materials, manufacturing processes, interaction with the environment etc.) entailing serious consequences.In the field of tribology, the following examples may be encountered:- Reaction mechanisms: Irreversible single threshold value: Transition from a metastable to a stable system; Crystallisation of synthetic materials; Abrasion phenomena with coating layers. Reversible threshold value: Volume change due to changes in physical state; Reversible structural transition. Irreversible cumulative threshold value: Influence of light on the resinification of lubricants; Crack development in the case of fatigue failures; Structurally unstable surface layers; Structural ageing phenomena.- Equilibrium: Wear/repolishing equilibrium; Tribological equilibrium of the surface structure; Compatibility of bearing materials; Consumption of additives in lubricating oil; Tribology and corrosion.- Interactions and system changes: General influence of basic materials; Interactions and catalysis; Evaporation of synthetic materials; Cleaning systems; Vibration.
    Notes: Die Zuverlässigkeit wird bei Werkstoffen im wesentlichen durch Unkenntnis oder Nichtbeachtung von Reaktionsmechanismen, durch Störung von chemischen oder physikalischen Gleichgewichten und durch folgenschwere Änderungen in Systemen (Werkstoffkombinationen, Fabrikationsabläufe, Wechselwirkung mit Umgebung usw.) beeinträchtigt. Auf das Gebiet der Tribologie übertragen, ergeben sich etwa folgenden Beispiele:- Reaktionsmechanismen: Irreversibler oder einfacher Schwellenwert; Übergang von einem metastabilen in ein stabiles System; Abrieberscheinungen bei Deckschichten. Reversibler Schwellenwert: Volumenänderung bei Änderungen des Aggregatzustandes; reversible Strukturumwandlungen. Irreversibler kumulativer Schwellenwert; Lichteinfluß auf die Verharzung von Schmiermitteln. Rißausbreitung bei Dauerschwingbrüchen; strukturinstabile Oberflächenschichten; strukturelle Alterungsvorgänge.- Gleichgewichte: Abnützungs/Repolitur-Gleichgewicht; tribologisches Gleichgewicht der Oberflächenstruktur; Kompatibilität von Lagerwerkstoffen; Aufbrauchen von Additiven im Schmieröl; Tribologie und Korrosion.- Wechselwirkungen und Systemänderungen: Einfluß der Grundwerkstoffe allgemein; Wechselwirkungen und Katalyse; Kunststoffausdünstungen; Reinigungssysteme; Vibrationen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050605
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    Zerstörung von Hubschrauberturbinen durch Einsatz eines Stahles in korrosionsanfälligem Zustand bei gleichzeitig nicht werkstoffgerechter Konstruktion (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 9-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Failure of Helicopter Turbines Caused by Use of Steel in Corrodible Condition Aggravated by Incorrect Construction. Impeller compressors of steel X 15 Cr 13 were not drawn up as usual to 725 °C but only to 540 °C after hardening, in order to maintain high strength. By this treatment the steel becomes especially sensitive to corrosion, because a network of Chromium carbide is precipitated on the former austenit grain boundaries. Nevertheless the impellers reached the stipulated lifetime, since the corrosive agent  -  the condensed moisture of the air  -  is eliminated by centrifugal force. After an apparently insignificant variation of construction, the water was retained in a rim and the impellers were destructed due to stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue.
    Notes: Axialverdichterräder aus Turbinenschaufelstahl X 15 Cr 13 wurden nach dem Härten nicht wie üblich auf 725 °C, sondern nur auf 540 °C angelassen, um eine möglichst hohe Festigkeit zu erzielen. Der Stahl wird durch diese Behandlung besonders korrosionsanfällig, da sich ein Netz von Chromkarbiden auf den ehemaligen Austenitkorngrenzen ausscheidet. Die Räder erreichten dennoch die vorgeschriebene Lebensdauer, weil die als Korrosionsmedium wirkende, aus der anströmenden Luft niedergeschlagene Feuchtigkeit aufgrund der hohen Fliehkraft abgeschleudert wurde. Durch eine anscheinend unbedeutende konstruktive Änderung  -  das Andrehen eines Wuchtringes  -  wurde die Feuchtigkeit jedoch gestaut, so daß die Räder infolge von Spannungs- bzw. von Schwingungsrißkorrosion brachen.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050103
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    Firmennachrichten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 46-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050111
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  • 58
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    Neue Produkte, Maschinen, Geräte und Arbeitsverfahren (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 43-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050110
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  • 59
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    Electronic Resource
    Datenverarbeitung für Ingenieure des Maschinenbaus und der Elektrotechnik. Von Dr. W. Haacke. 1. Auflage, B. G. Teubner, Stuttgart 1973. 315 Seiten, 204 Bilder und Tafeln, DIN C 5, kart. Preis DM 29, -  (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 51-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050116
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  • 60
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    Prüfung und Untersuchung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit von Stählen. Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute, Bearbeitet vom Unterausschuß für Korrosion des Werkstoffausschusses. 1. Auflage, Verlag Stahleisen mbH., Düsseldorf, 1973, 120 Seiten, 140 Bilder, 10 Tafeln, Größe DIN 5 VIII Preis DM 42, -  (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 108-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050214
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  • 61
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    Zur Problematik der zerstörungsfreien Materialprüfung (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Problems of Non-Destructive Testing [NDT]. It is the main aim of NDT, to look for symptoms, being qualitatively reliable, and characteristics, being quantitatively evaluable, of voluminous flaws, discontinuities and other imperfections, and to do this without any damage of the workpiece. If defects or imperfections are detected, in addition to that, a statement about their actual importance and their avoidance in future must be given. In combination with that, conclusions about kind, conditions, and, consequently, about properties of processing and practical use of the inspected material must be drawn, either from the workpiece itself or from specially required specimens, but again without any damage, i. l. the specimens remaining applicable for other investigations. The real problems of nondestructive inspection of materials and components are  -  besides from reliable further development of inspection methods  -  the combination of test result with result of stress analysis, related to properties and stress of the inspected material. A systematical survey of possibilities of destructive and nondestructive materials testing may be helpful to find a solution of these problems.
    Notes: Die Suche nach qualitativ zuverlässigen Symptomen und quantitativ auswertbaren Kennwerten für Volumenfehler, Trennungen und andere Unstetigkeiten in Werkstücken ohne deren Verletzung und verbunden mit der Aussage über die praktische Bedeutung und künftige Vermeidbarkeit etwa gefundener Mängel oder Fehler ist die Aufgabe der zerstörungsfreien Materialprüfung. Die Aufgabe der mit ihr verbundenen zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung ist, Aussagen über die Art, den Zustand und wichtige, dadurch bedingte Verarbeitungs- und Gebrauchseigenschaften von Werkstoffen wenn möglich am Werkstück selbst oder an dafür erforderlichen, aber für weitere Untersuchungen verwendbaren Proben ohne deren Beschädigung zu gewinnen. Die eigentliche Problematik der zerstörungsfreien Material- und Werkstoffprüfung ist neben einer verläßlichen Weiterentwicklung und Anwendung dieser Verfahren deren schlußfolgernde Verbindung mit den Erkenntnissen der werkstoff- und beanspruchungsbezogenen Festigkeitsforschung. Eine systematische Übersicht über die Aussagemöglichkeiten der zerstörenden und der nichtzerstörenden Material- und Werkstoffprüfung kann die Lösung dieser Problematik fördern helfen.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050302
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  • 62
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    Pitting by Sea Water of austenitic stainless steel (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 81-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Lochfraß an einem austenitischen Stahl. Wärmetauscher in einer Schwefelsäurefabrik waren mit Rohren aus Nicrofer 3620 bestückt. Als Kühlmedium diente Meerwasser. Innerhalb 5 Wochen nach Inbetriebnahme fielen mehrere Rohre durch Lochfraß aus. Dies bestätigt erneut, daß rostbeständige Stähle ohne Molybdän für derartige Einsatzfälle nicht geeignet sind.
    Notes: A sulfuric acid plant was equipped with heat exchangers with Nicrofer 3620 tubing. The cooling medium was sea water. Within 5 weeks after start-up some of the tubes failed by pitting, showing that it is impossible to use stainless steel as a heat transfer material in sea water unless the molybdenum content is very high.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050207
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  • 63
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    Firmennachrichten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 105-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050211
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    Maschinenteile, Band 2. Köhler/Rögnitz herausgegeben von Dr.- Ing. J. Pokorny; 4. neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Verlag B. G. Teubner, Stuttgart 1973, VIII 353 Seiten, 291 Bilder, 88 Tafeln, DIN C 5, Preis DM 49, -  (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 108-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050215
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  • 65
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    Anwendung der holografischen Interferometrie in der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 128-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Usage of Holographic Interferometry for Non-Destructive Materials Testing. Holographic interferometry has meanwhile developed into a usable method for non-destructive materials testing, which permits even large-area components to be tested by using high-power lasers. Recording the fringe structures makes a subsequent detailed resolution evaluation possible. Appraisal of the video recordings makes the origin and change of the secondary interference fringes clearly recognizable and interpretable and thus substantiates very informatively the introduction of holographic interferometry for non-destructive materials testing.
    Notes: Die holografische Interferometrie hat sich inzwischen zu einer brauchbaren Methode der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung entwickelt, wobei durch den Einsatz leistungsstarker Laser auch großflächige Bauelemente untersucht werden können. Durch Aufzeichnung der Streifenstrukturen wird eine detailliert auflösbare spätere Auswertung ermöglicht. Die Begutachtung von Video-Aufzeichnungen macht das Entstehen und die Änderung von sekundären Interferenzstreifen deutlich erkennbar und deutbar und begründet so sehr aufschlußreich die Einführung der holografischen Interferometrie in die zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050305
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  • 66
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    Lasertechnik in der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung  -  ein neues holographisches Verfahren (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 142-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Non-destructive Testing by Laser Measuring Techniques  -  A New Holographic Method. Holographic Non Destructive Testing is well suited for materials with a low elasticity modulus or bad heat conductivity, like rubber, metal-rubber-connections, adhesive connections, plastics, and fiber-reinforced plastics. The advantage of holographic testing lies in the fact that a near to true stress is possible. This stress occurs with only a fraction of the force necessary to damage the part. In many cases there is a relation between the holographic evidence and the breaking limit. By a new method the evaluation of the holograms is much more easier, because only objects with defects are showing deformation fringes.
    Notes: In der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung findet die Holographie vorzugsweise bei Werkstoffen mit niedrigem Elastizitätsmodul oder schlechten Wärmeleiteigenschaften (beispielsweise Gummi, Metall-Gummi-Verbindungen, Verklebungen, Kunststoffen, verstärkten Kunststoffen) Anwendung. Es ist aber auch eine Prüfung von metallischen Teilen möglich.Der Vorteil der holographischen Prüfung liegt in der Möglichkeit einer wirklichkeitsnahen Beanspruchung. Diese Beanspruchung geschieht nur mit einem Bruchteil der Last, die zur Zerstörung des Teils führen würde. In vielen Fällen läßt sich also eine Relevanz zwischen holographischer Aussage und der Bruchgrenze eines Bauteils angeben. Durch ein neues Verfahren läßt sich die Auswertung der holographischen Aufnahmen wesentlich vereinfachen, so daß nur Teile mit Fehlern Verformungslinien aufweisen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050308
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    Die Qualitätsprüfung geschweißter Rohre in der Schweißstraße unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Indikation der Kalt- oder Mattschweißung (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 159-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Testing of Welded Pipes to Indicate Pasting or Stuck Welding. Inspecting the seams of continuously welded tubes by the aid of electromagnetic or ultrasonic methods it was up to now impossible to indicate the so-called „pasting“ or „stuck welding“. This defect causes no discontinuities but results in a reduced strength of the welding. By additionally using an infrared method by which the welding seam is scanned 1000 times per second immediately after the weld station over a width of 1 mm, the transformation of energy which answers for the occurence of the above mentioned defect can be traced minutely. Two infrared scanners at a distance of about 50 cm inform about any internal or external undertemperature during the welding process. Hereby, the last up to now undetectable weld defect can be indicated by an automatic test equipment, too.
    Notes: Bei der Schweißnahtprüfung von kontinuierlich geschweißten Rohren mit elektromagnetischen und Ultraschallverfahren war es bisher nicht möglich, einen Schweißfehler, nämlich die sogenannte Kalt- oder Mattschweißung zur Anzeige zu bringen. Diese Fehlererscheinung äußert sich durch keinerlei Diskontinuitäten, sondern lediglich durch Verringerung der Festigkeit der Schweißnaht. Durch zusätzliche Verwendung eines Infrarotverfahrens mit 1000 Abtastungen der Schweißnaht pro Sekunde in einer Breite von 1 mm unmittelbar hinter der Schweißung läßt sich der Energieumsatz, der für diese Fehlererscheinung verantwortlich ist, genau verfolgen. Durch Verwendung von zwei Infrarot-Scannern, die etwa 50 cm auseinanderliegen, ergibt sich eine Analyse, in welchem Nahtbereich innen oder außen Untertemperatur beim Schweißen geherrscht hat. Damit wird auch der letzte bisher nicht erkennbare Schweißfehler durch eine automatische Prüfanlage erfaßt.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050311
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    High Temperature Brittle Fracture of Austenitic Stainless Flange (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hochtemperatur-Sprödbruch eines Flansches aus austenitischem Stahl. Ein angeschweißter Flansch aus dem rostbeständigen Stahl Typ 321 riß einen Monat nach der Installation. Er war am Ausgang des Abhitzekessels im Reformergasteil einer Ammoniakanlage angeordnet. Ein zuvor eingebauter Flansch aus dem gleichen Werkstoff war hingegen erst nach 4 2/3 Jahren zu Bruch gegangen, und zwar infolge Kriechens.Der neuerlich eingetretene Kurzzeitschaden zeigte im wesentliche interkristallinen Rißverlauf, hatte jedoch nicht das für einen Zeitstandbruch typische Aussehen. Da das Gefüge Sigmaphase aufwies, die während des Betriebes nicht entstanden sein konnte, mußte die Schadensursache in der Wärmebehandlung gesucht werden.
    Notes: A 321 SS 16″ 400 lb. flange, located at the exit of the waste heat boiler in a reformer gas line, was subjected to high line expansions stresses. It failed in creep rupture after 4 2/3 years. An expansion joint was installed to absorb the line stresses. The new 321 flange broke in 30 days. The fracture was mostly intergranular but definitely not of the creep type. Large stringers in the matrix, associated with the forging direction, were identified as sigma phase. Since process temperature was 1135 °F and metal temperature 890 °F, the formation of sigma by process conditions within 30 days was highly unlikely. Heat treating parameters which could have caused this condition were established.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050409
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    Die wichtigsten physikalischen Eigenschaften von 52 Eisenwerkstoffen. Von F. Richter. Stahleisen-Sonderbericht Heft 8. 1. Auflage, Verlag Stahleisen m.b.H. Düsseldorf 1973. 32 Seiten, 13 Bilder, DIN A 4., kart., Preis DM 22,- (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 232-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050419
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    Wasserstoffversprödung von Titan und Titanlegierungen (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrogen-embrittlement of Titanium and Titanium-Alloys. The influence of hydrogen-embrittlement on mechanical properties, especially on plastic deformation of titanium and its alloys is described. Even less than 200 ppm H may result in embrittlement. Titanium is sensitive to hydrogen-embrittlement at high speed of deformation; titanium-alloys in a notched condition at low speed of deformation. Hydrogen dissolution can be avoided or diminished by thin oxide layers. The connection between hydrogen-embrittlement and stresscorrosion-cracking is shown on different examples. Alloys with high content of aluminium are most sensitive against this sort of embrittlement.
    Notes: Der Einfluß einer Wasserstoffversprödung auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere die plastische Verformung von Titan und seinen Legierungen werden beschrieben. Bereits geringe Anteile von Wasserstoff in der Größenordnung von ≦ 200 ppm können sich ungünstig auswirken. Titan ist bei einer hohen Verformungsgeschwindigkeit und Titanlegierungen sind bei einer niedrigen Verformungsgeschwindigkeit insbesondere im gekerbten Zustand empfindlich gegen die Wasserstoffversprödung. Durch dünne Oxidschichten kann die Wasserstoffaufnahme verhindert oder vermindert werden. An verschiedenen Beispielen wird der enge Zusammenhang zwischen Wasserstoffversprödung und Spannungsrißkorrosion aufgezeigt. Legierungen mit hohen Gehalten an Aluminium sind besonders empfindlich gegen diese Art der Versprödung.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050502
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    Berichtigung (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 273-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050508
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    Firmennachrichten (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050510
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  • 73
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    Vorschau (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. A38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050514
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  • 74
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    Schwingfestigkeit. Von Autorenkollektiv Dr.-Ing. W. Günther. 1. Auflage, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig 1974. 448 Seiten, 350 Bilder, 16,5 x 23 cm, Leinen. Preis DM 60,- (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 231-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050415
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  • 75
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    Strahlenschutz. Radioaktive Stoffe - Röntgengeräte. Von H. Schmatz und M. Nöthlichs. Ergänzbare Auflage, Erich Schmidt Verlag Berlin, 1973. 506 Seiten, DIN A 5, einschl. Plastikordner Preis DM 49,- (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 232-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050420
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  • 76
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    Masthead (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050501
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  • 77
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    Veranstaltungskalender (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. A30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050422
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  • 78
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    Ultraschallverfahren zur Bestimmung der Anzahl von Einschlüssen in Materialproben  -  eine kritische Betrachtung empfohlener MethodenErweiterte Fassung eines Vortrags von der Jahrestagung der DGZfP 1973 in Salzburg/Freilassing (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 242-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ultrasonic test procedure to determine the number of inclusions in material samples  -  a critical analysis of recommended methods. To judge the specific properties of metals one tries to determine the quantity and distribution of the non-metallic inclusions. But the microscopic procedures used so far are destructive and do further not refer to the volume, but rather to the surface of the micrograph sample. Contrary to these methods the inspection by ultrasound is non-destructive and wellsuited for the volumetric detection of inclusions. The possibilities of the ultrasonic pulse-echo-method for cleanliness rating are being checked. Based on the respective results there is a critical view on the ultrasonic test methods which have been recommended so far. Proposals will be made how to make the optimum use of the advantages of the ultrasonic inspection when determining the purity degree of a sample.
    Notes: Zur Beurteilung der Gebrauchseigenschaften von Metallen sucht man die Anzahl und die Verteilung der nichtmetallischen Einschlüsse zu bestimmen. Dabei sind die bisher benutzten mikroskopischen Verfahren nicht zerstörungsfrei und auch nicht auf das Volumen, sondern auf die Oberfläche der Schliffproben bezogen. Die Ultraschallprüfung ist demgegenüber zerstörungsfrei und gut zum volumetrischen Nachweis von Einschlüssen geeignet. Untersucht werden die Möglichkeiten des Ultraschall-Impuls-Echo-Verfahrens zur Reinheitsgradbestimmung. Mit den Ergebnissen erfolgt eine kritische Betrachtung der bisher zu diesem Zweck empfohlenen Ultraschallprüfmethoden. Es werden Vorschläge gemacht, wie die Vorteile der Ultraschallprüfung bei der Bestimmung des Reinheitsgrades optimal genutzt werden können.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050503
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  • 79
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    Zeitstanduntersuchungen an Nichteisenmetallen für den Apparatebau (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 262-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Long Term Behaviour of non Iron Metals. In a teamwork of several laboratories the Dechema Specialist Committee „Materials and design in chemical engineering“ investigates the long term behaviour of non iron metals over 50 000 hours. This programme comprises technically pure copper, nickel, aluminium and titanium as well as several alloys of these basic metals if relevant for chemical apparatus. Lead and some of its alloys are tested in a special research programme. This paper deals with the results found on copper 99.9, LC-Nickel 99.2, Aluminium 99.5, pure titanium and the Ni Cu 30 Fe alloy, which have been investigated in the form of unnotched, notched and welded specimens. 1 % creep limit and creep strength data are given for 1000, 10 000 and 50 000 hours as well as their dependence on temperature (between 20 und 650°C).
    Notes: In einem Gemeinschaftsprogramm des Dechema-Fachausschusses „Werkstoffe und Konstruktion im Chemie-Apparatebau“ werden seit einigen Jahren in Zeitstandzugversuchen 50 000 h-Werte für Nichteisenmetalle erarbeitet. Neben technisch reinem Kupfer, Nickel, Aluminium und Titan sind verschiedene Legierungen dieser Basismetalle im Programm, soweit sie für den Apparatebau interessant sind. Daneben läuft ein gesondertes Programm über Blei und Bleilegierungen. Hier wird über die abgeschlossenen Untersuchungen an SF-Kupfer, LC-Nikkel, Aluminium 99,5 und Titan Gruppe III sowie der Legierung NiCu 30 Fe berichtet, die in Form von glatten Proben wie auch im gekerbten Zustand und als Schweißverbindungen untersucht wurden. Die 1 %-Dehngrenze und die Bruchgrenze werden als Zahlenwerte für 1000, 10 000 und 50 000 h sowie in ihrem Verlauf über einen Temperaturbereich von 20 bis 650°C angegeben.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050507
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  • 80
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    Beitrag zur Ermittlung der dynamischen Festigkeit von Thermoplasten in Abhängigkeit vom Fertigungsverfahren (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 429-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Description of Fatique Tests on Plastics. They show how the dynamic strength of plastics are effected by material, shipless cutting, shape cutting and thermal treatment.
    Notes: Es wird die Durchführung von Wöhlerversuchen an Thermoplasten beschrieben. Dabei werden insbesondere die Einflüsse von Werkstoff, Urformverfahren, spanender Fertigung und Temperbehandlung auf die dynamische Festigkeit behandelt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050806
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  • 81
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    Industrielle Anwendung der technischen Rißbruchmechanik (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 440-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Industrial Application of Fracture Mechanics. The application objects and application possibilities of fracture mechanics are demonstrated discussing typical methods and examples taken from industrial environment. In thrength proving the safe life of the fail safe design is aimed at. The crack intiation concept is confronted with the crack arrest concept. Examples refer to pressure and safety vessels of nuclear reactors, welded connections and gas pipe lines. The material can be selected according to KIc/σF or δc/σF for static loading, or additionally according to varying load amplitude behaviour and corrosion for fatigue. In case of catastrophic failure a fracture mechanical back computation to the reason of failure is possible. KIc and Kc-measurements are used for quality control too.
    Notes: Die Einsatzziele und Einsatzmöglichkeiten der technischen Rißbruchmechanik werden an Hand von typischen Verfahrensweisen und Beispielen aus der industriellen Praxis dargestellt. Beim Festigkeitsnachweis geht es um die bruchsichere (safe life) oder kontrolliert brechende (fail safe) Konstruktion. Dem Rißeinleitungskonzept steht das Rißauffangkonzept gegenüber. Die Beispiele beziehen sich auf Druck- und Sicherheitsbehälter von Kernreaktoren, Schweißverbindungen und Gasrohrleitungen. Der Werkstoff kann bei statischer Beanspruchung nach KIc/σF oder δc/σF gewählt werden, bei Ermüdung zusätzlich nach dem Verhalten bei wechselnder Lastamplitude und bei Korrosion. Bei Schadensfällen kann rißbruchmechanisch auf die Schadensursache zurückgerechnet werden. KIc und Kc-Messungen dienen auch der Qualitätskontrolle.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050808
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  • 82
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    Firmenschriften (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 452-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050811
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  • 83
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    Verhalten von Stählen unter Hohlladungsbeschuß (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 348-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Behaviour of Steels under Shaped Charges Bombardement. There is at present not too much known about the behaviour of steel under the very high pressures of some 100 kbars as they will be produced by the hydrodynamic jet force stream of a shaped charge.In a short revue the hithero existing knowledge of the formation of a jet force stream is given as the phenomens in the penetration process of a material. It is recognized by bombardement tests on iron and steels of different compositions and of different heat treatments that there are some changes of the structure near the boundaries of the penetration channels.There is given some information by light- and electronmicroscopical investigations about the occurence during the hydrodynamic penetration process of the jet force stream and about the behaviour of the different structures under local concentrated pressures of shock waves.Microprobe-analyses and scanning electron microscope micrographs supply the understanding.
    Notes: Über das Verhalten von Stahl unter sehr hohen lokalen Drücken von einigen 100 kbar, wie sie durch den in einer Hohlladung erzeugten hydrodynamischen Strahl auf Stahl auftreten, ist derzeit wenig bekannt.In einer kurzen Übersicht werden die bisherigen Erkenntnisse bei der Bildung eines Strahles sowie die Vorgänge beim Durchdringen von Materie dargestellt. Beschußversuche an Eisen und Stählen unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung und Wärmebehandlung lassen an den Grenzschichten des Schußkanals verschiedene Veränderungen des Gefüges erkennen. Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen ergeben Aufschluß über die Vorgänge während des Eindringens des hydrodynamischen Energiestrahles sowie über das Verhalten der verschiedenen Gefüge unter örtlich konzentrierten Stoßwellenbelastungen. Mikrosondenuntersuchungen und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen ergänzen das gewonnene Bild.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050703
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  • 84
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    Mechanische Wechselwirkungen an Werkstoffübergängen von Verbundkörpern aus ungleichartigen WerkstoffenMitteilung aus dem Institut für Schweißtechnik und Werkstofftechnologie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig. (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 366-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical Correlations at Material Transitions in Composite Bodies out of Dissimilar Materials. - Part I: Introduction. This paper gives a general description of the mechanical correlations in composite bodies. The formation and practical importance of the stress- and strain states, caused by the inhomogenous material transition, is discussed. Practicable composite bodies with plain and curved interfaces partly with interlayers are presented. The task and importance of intermediate layers is treated.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine allgemein gehaltene einführende Beschreibung zum Problem der mechanischen Wechselwirkungen bei Verbundkörpern gegeben und auf die Entstehung und praktische Bedeutung von Spannungs- und Verformungszuständen durch den inhomogenen Werkstoffübergang hingewiesen. Ausgeführte Verbundkörper mit ebenen und gekrümmten Grenzflächen mit und ohne Zwischenschichten werden vorgestellt. Die Aufgabe und Bedeutung von Zwischenschichten wird behandelt.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050705
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  • 85
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    Masthead (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050101
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  • 86
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    Neue Kunststoffe für den Einsatz in der TechnikVortrag anläßlich der Achema 1973. (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New engineering plastics. Plastics are increasingly materials for all fields of industrial, commercial and personal life. This results in numerous specific requirements with respect to their properties which cannot be fulfilled by conventional plastics. The way to improved materials is characterized by several features: -  development of new polymers, -  improvement of raw material production and technology, -  copolymerization, -  usage of all possibilities as given by multiphase systems.
    Notes: Die Kunststoffe werden in zunehmendem Maße Werkstoffe für alle Bereiche des industriellen, gewerblichen und persönlichen Lebens. Daraus ergeben sich zahlreiche spezielle Anforderungen an das Eigenschaftsbild, die von den bisher üblichen Kunststoffen nicht erfüllt werden können. Zu verbesserten Werkstoffen können führen: -  neue Hochpolymere -  verfahrenstechnische Maßnahmen bei der Herstellung -  Copolymerisation, -  Ausschöpfung der bei Mehrphasensystemen gegebenen Möglichkeiten.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050104
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  • 87
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    Das Korrosions- und Spannungsrißkorrosionsverhalten von Aluminium-Konstruktionswerkstoffen (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 22-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Problems of Aluminium Structural Alloys. The corrosion behavior of structural Aluminium alloys in different environments is discussed. Reference is made to the important influence of naturally formed surface oxide films on corrosion resistance of Aluminium. Selected examples are given for the different types of attack, e. g. pitting corrosion, intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion. The possible effect of composition and of fabricating procedures on corrosion is discussed. The stress corrosion mechanism of AlZnMg-alloys is quite different from the common corrosion process. The difficulties to distinguish between different corrosion mechanisms having apparently similar features are described. Knowledge of the different origins of failure provides possibilities for avoiding corrosion and stress corrosion damages.
    Notes: Ausgehend von der Bedeutung der natürlichen Deckschichten für die Beständigkeit des Aluminiums wird kurz das Verhalten in verschiedenen Medien besprochen. An ausgewählten Beispielen werden die verschiedenen Korrosionsarten, interkristalline Korrosion, Lochkorrosion und Schichtkorrosion, ihre Ursachen und mögliche Beeinflussung durch Zusammensetzung und Fertigungsbedingungen phänomenologisch erläutert. Spannungsrißkorrosion ist dagegen als ein gänzlich anderer Vorgang anzusehen. Es wird die Schwierigkeit aufgezeigt, unterschiedliche Prozesse, die zu einem ähnlichen Erscheinungsbild führen, auseinanderzuhalten und eine zuverlässige Beurteilung bei Schadensfällen vorzunehmen. Auf die Möglichkeit zur Vermeidung von Schäden bei Erkennen ihrer Ursache wird hingewiesen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050105
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  • 88
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    Die Arbeiten mit ionenselektiven Methoden. Von K. Cammann, München. 1. Auflage, Springer-Verlag Berlin - Heidelberg - New York 1973. 226 Seiten, 61 Bilder, gebunden. Preis DM 56, -  (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 51-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050115
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  • 89
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    Härtereitechnisches Fachwissen. Von Ing. Joachim Mainka. 1. Auflage, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig 1973. 208 Seiten, 113 Bilder, 11 Tabellen. Preis 16, - M (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 52-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050119
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  • 90
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    Modern Metallographic Techniques and Their Applications. Von Victor A. Philips, 1. Auflage, Verlag John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, London, 1971, 538 Seiten, 261 Bilder, Preis 15.50 £ (Ln) (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 52-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050124
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  • 91
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    Schichtverbundkombinationen aus hochschmelzenden Metallen und Oxiden (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Laminated Composites of Refractory Metals and Oxides. Laminated composites of the metals Nb, Nb-1 Zr and Ta and of the oxides Al2O3 and ZrO2 are manufactured by high vacuum solid state bonding at temperatures above 1400 °C without a formation of intermediate layers. Bulk molybdenum and alumina are joined together by means of a niobium layer. The combinations investigated are of technical importance for the development of high temperature composites and refractory joints between metals and ceramics. The microstructure, the intrinsic chemical compatibility and other properties of the composite samples are described. Moreover, a method based on fracture mechanics is described which characterizes the bond strength between metals and ceramics by means of KIc-factors.
    Notes: Durch Hochvakuumverschweißung bei Temperaturen oberhalb 1400 °C werden Schichtverbundproben aus den Metallen Nb, Nb-1 Zr und Ta und aus den Oxiden Al2O3 und ZrO2 ohne Bildung von zusätzlichen Zwischenschichten hergestellt. Mo und Al2O3 werden über eine Nb-Schicht miteinander vereinigt. Die untersuchten Schichtverbundkombinationen sind von technischer Bedeutung für die Entwicklung von Verbundwerkstoffen und von hochtemperaturbeständigen Verbindungen zwischen metallischen und keramischen Materialien. Es wird über ihr Gefüge, ihre Eigenschaften und die chemische Verträglichkeit des Verbunds berichtet. Darüber hinaus wird eine bruchmechanische Methode beschrieben, mit der die Festigkeit des Verbunds über KIc-Faktoren charakterisiert werden kann.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050203
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  • 92
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    Meßwertstreuung in Abhängigkeit von der Werkstoffhärte bei Kleinlasthärteprüfungen nach Vickers und Knoop (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 96-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dispersion of Vickers and Knoop diagonals as a function of workpiece-hardness at low load testing. A statistical analysis of low load hardness test results measured under industrial conditions by the comparative use of Vickers and Knoop indenters was carried out.Accordingly, recommendations can be given for the number of indentations necessary to ensure a constant shape of the distribution of sample means all over the investigated hardness area from approx. 150 up to 950 daN/mm2.
    Notes: Unter praxisnahen Randbedingungen im Härtebereich von etwa 150 bis 950 daN/mm2 durchgeführte Kleinlasthärteprüfungen nach Vickers und nach Knoop wurden einer zusätzlichen Auswertung unterzogen, um den Zusammenhang zwischen Meßwertstreuung und Werkstoffhärte zu ergründen.U. a. wird gezeigt daß die Vorgabe eines für die mittlere Härte tolerierten Unsicherheitsbereiches verbunden ist mit einer bestimmten Zahl von Härteeindrücken, aus denen der mit dem entsprechenden Unsicherheitsbereich korrespondierende Härtemittelwert zu berechnen ist.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050209
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallurgie 3. A. Von K. Winnacker und L. Küchler. Chemische Technologie Band 6. 3. Auflage, Carl Hanser Verlag, München, 1973, 677 Seiten, 231 Bilder, 121 Tabellen, 17,5 × 24,5. ISBN 3-446-10356-2. Preis DM 203, -  (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 108-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050213
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Holographisch-interferometrische Untersuchungen an GFK- und KFK-BauteilenVortrag anläßlich der Fachtagung „Aktuelle Probleme der holographischen Interferometrie in der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffuntersuchung“, 12.-14. Sept. 1973 in Meersburg. (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Holographic Investigations of Fibre Reinforced Plastic Materials. A review is given on the holographic investigations of fibre reinforced plastic components carried out in the last few years at Dornier System. Several results are discussed in the view of elaboration of qualitative and quantitative test criterions.
    Notes: Es wird ein Überblick über die seit einigen Jahren bei Dornier System durchgeführten holographischen Untersuchungen an faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteilen gegeben. Einzelne Untersuchungsergebnisse werden unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Erarbeitung allgemeiner qualitativer und quantitativer Prüfkriterien diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050303
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Holographische Schwingungsanalyse zur Bestimmung der elastischen Konstanten anisotroper VerbundwerkstoffeVortrag anläßlich der Fachtagung „Aktuelle Probleme der holographischen Interferometrie in der Zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffuntersuchung“, 12.-14. Sept. 1973 in Meersburg (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Evaluation of Elastic Constants of Anisotropic Composite Materials by Means of Holographic Vibration Analysis. The wellknown „plate-equation“ describing vibrations of thin, homogeneous and isotropic plates is reformulated for nonisotropic composites, and equations are derived for to determine elastic constants. If type and frequency of the natural vibrations are known from holographic interferometry and one of the elastic constants  -  for instance Poisson's number  -  is given or determined somehow else all other constants can be calculated.
    Notes: Die Schwingungsgleichung für dünne, homogene und isotrope Platten wird auf anisotrope Verbundwerkstoffe erweitert. Aus ihr läßt sich ein Gleichungssystem zur Bestimmung der elastischen Konstanten ableiten. Es können alle Elastizitätskonstanten explizit berechnet werden, wenn Typ und Frequenz der Eigenschwingungen sowie die Poissonsche Zahl in einer Richtung bekannt sind.Diese Größen werden aus Hologrammen von Platten, die zu Eigenschwingungen angeregt worden sind, und aus holographischen Verformungsmessungen ermittelt. An anisotropen GFK-Platten wird diese Methode zur Bestimmung der elastischen Konstanten demonstriert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050306
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß der Kohlenstoff-Diffusion auf die mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften von ferritisch-austenitischen Schweißverbindungen im Chemie-BetriebErweiterte Fassung eines Vortrages auf der ACHEMA 1973, Frankfurt/Main.Herrn Professor Dr.-Ing. E. h. Helmut Wagner zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 146-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The effect of carbon diffusion on the mechanical properties of ferritic-austenitic weldments. Weldments between ferritic and austenitic steels indicate a diffusion of carbon from ferritic to austenitic partner as an influence of temperature stresses and due higher solubility of carbon in γ-iron in comparison to α-iron.Investigations on two characteristic weldments (German standard H II/1.4571 and H II/Ni) have been conducted in different annealed conditions to study the effect of carbon diffusion on the various mechanical properties.There is an observable impairement of the mechanical properties of the weldments. Increased hardness in the carburised zone causes cracking and tensile strength as well as notch toughness decrease in the decarburised area.
    Notes: In Schweißverbindungen zwischen ferritischen und austenitischen Stählen tritt bei einer Temperaturbeanspruchung eine Diffusion des Kohlenstoffes vom ferritischen Stahl in Richtung des austenitischen Schweißgutes aufgrund der größeren Kohlenstofflöslichkeit des γ-Fe gegenüber dem α-Fe ein. Der Diffusionsbereich gliedert sich in eine entkohlte, mehr oder weniger grobe, stengelkornförmige Zone aus α-Fe, ferner in eine feinkörnige Zone mit schmalem perlitischem Saum auf der Ferritseite der Verbindung, außerdem einem Karbidsaum auf der Austenitseite im γ-Fe-Gebiet sowie dem anschließenden austenitischen Schweißgut, welches ebenfalls langgestreckte, vergrößerte Kornstruktur (Schweißgußgefüge) aufweist (Diffusion, Effusion).In diesem Bereich, der lichtmikroskopisch gut erkennbar ist, sind die mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften merklich beeinträchtigt. In der feinkörnigen, perlitförmigen Zone treten hohe Härten auf, die wahrscheinlich durch Ausscheidung feiner Karbide im Sinne einer Auscheidungshärtung bedingt oder auf eine inhomogene Lösung des Kohlenstoffes im Austenit zurückzuführen sind. Die hohen Härten in dieser Zone sind für Rißbildungen verantwortlich. Die Zugfestigkeit der Gesamtverbindung sinkt mit steigender Temperaturbeanspruchung und auch die Kerbschlagzähigkeit fällt mit erhöhter Temperaturbeanspruchung deutlich ab. Hierfür sind sowohl der entkohlte, stengelförmige Gefügebereich als auch die schmale Härtezone verantwortlich. Diese Zusammenhänge werden durch Mikrosondenuntersuchungen qualitativ bestätigt.Die Kohlenstoff-Diffusion ist als auslösender Faktor für die Verminderung der mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften und den damit zusammenhängenden Folgen, wie Entstehen von Spannungsrissen bzw. Trennbrüchen, ferner der Spannungsrißkorrosion bei Vorhandensein entsprechender Korrosionsbedingungen verantwortlich.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050309
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neue Produkte, Maschinen, Geräte und Werkzeuge (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 170-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050314
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Handbuch des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes. Theorie und Praxis der elektrochemischen Schutzverfahren. von W. v. Baeckmann und W. Schwenk. 1. Auflage, Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim/ Bergstr. 1971; 422 Seiten, 204 Bilder, 53 Tabellen, Ln. Preis DM 140,- (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 175-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050317
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Handbuch der industriellen Meßtechnik. Von Prof. Dr. P. Profos, Zürich. 1. Auflage, Vulkan-Verlag Dr. W. Classen, Essen 1973, 820 Seiten, 679 Bilder, 94 Tabellen, 16,5 × 23 cm, Balacron; Preis DM 200,- (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 176-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050323
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eigenschaften und Verwendungsgebiete von niedriglegierten warmfesten Stählen (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 177-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Properties and applications of low-alloy steels for elevated temperatures. Demands on steels for elevated temperatures. Tensile and toughness data on Manganese Nickel Molybdenum Vanadium steels with ferritic-bainitic structures in dependence of the chemical composition and the temperature. Influence of pulsating stresses. Examples of application.
    Notes: Anforderungen an warmfeste Stähle. Ergebnisse von Festigkeits- und Zähigkeitsuntersuchungen an ferritisch-bainitischen MnNiMo V-legierten Stählen in Abhängigkeit von chemischer Zusammensetzung und Temperatur. Einfluß einer schwellenden Beanspruchung. Anwendungsbeispiele.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19740050402
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