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  • 1990-1994  (251)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1850-1859
  • 1993  (251)
  • Genetics  (251)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; DNA polymorphism ; glucose ; phosphorylation ; glycolysis ; chromosome 2 ; insulin resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is characterized by decreased levels of glucose 6-phosphate in skeletal muscle. It has been suggested that the lower concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate contribute to the defect in glucose metabolism noted in muscle tissue of subjects with Type 2 diabetes or subjects at increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Lower levels of glucose 6-phosphate could be due to a defect in glucose uptake, or phosphorylation, or both. Hexokinase II is the isozyme of hexokinase that is expressed in skeletal muscle and is responsible for catalysing the phosphorylation of glucose in this tissue. The recent demonstration that mutations in another member of this family of glucose phosphorylating enzymes, glucokinase, can lead to the development of Type 2 diabetes prompted us to begin to examine the possible role of hexokinase II in the development of this genetically heterogeneous disorder. As a first step, we have cloned the human hexokinase II gene (HK2) and mapped it to human chromosome 2, band p13.1, by fluorescence in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes. In addition, we have identified and characterized a simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphism in HK2 and used this DNA polymorphism to localize this gene within the genetic linkage map of chromosome 2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. S62 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Androgen ; Receptor ; Genetics ; Mutations ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Androgen insensitivity syndromes represent one cause of human male pseudohermaphroditism related to defects in the androgen receptor. The formation of a biologically active androgen receptor complex with testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone is required for normal androgen action during fetal development and fifferentiation of the internal accessory sex glands and external genitalia. Cloning of the human androgen receptor complementary DNA and genetic screening of human subjects with the clinical and biochemical features of androgen insensitivity using the polymerase chain reaction, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and nucleotide sequencing techniques have led to the identification of molecular defects in the androgen receptor. The complexity of phenotypic presentation by affected subjects with the complete or partial forms of androgen insensitivity is represented by the heterogeneity of androgen receptor gene mutations which include deletions and point mutations, with the latter causing, inappropriate splicing of RNA, premature termination of transcription and amino acid substitutions. The naturally occurring mutations in the androgen receptor of subjects with androgen insensitivity represent a base upon which we can increase our understanding of the structure and function of the androgen receptor in normal physiology, and disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 467-468 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Hirschsprung disease ; Familial occurrence ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Hirschsprung disease (HD) is genetically heterogeneous with approximately 4% familial occurrence. The recurrence risk is higher in patients with severe involvement. We describe the transmission of histotopochemically proven HD from a father with long aganglionic segment disease to a son with ultrashort segment disease. This observation suggests that the length of involvement in HD is related to the variable expression of the gene defect. It also suggests autosomal dominant inheritance of HD.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; HLA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Epidemiologic data suggest that a parental history of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus increases the risk of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in siblings of a Type 1 diabetes proband. This increase in risk is consistent with a shared genetic susceptibility between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. We have previously reported evidence that HLA-DR4-linked factors may represent a homogeneous subset of diabetes susceptibility. First, HLA-DR4 frequency was higher in Type 1 diabetic study subjects with a Type 2 diabetic parent than in Type 1 diabetic subjects whose parents were not diabetic. Second, a DR4-haplotype was transmitted from the Type 2 diabetic parent to the Type 1 offspring more often than expected. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that families with a Type 2 diabetic parent and Type 1 diabetic child, heavily determined by HLA-DR4 linked factors, may represent a homogeneous subset of diabetes susceptibility. In this report, we further explore the relationship between the high-risk HLA antigen (HLA-DR4) in study subjects with differing glycaemic status (National Diabetes Data Group criteria). In this community-based study, we find evidence that HLA-DR4 is increased in study subjects with Type 2 diabetes and may be a marker for Type 2 diabetes susceptibility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 333-338 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; Rice ; Salinity ; Tolerance ; Na-Kratio ; Diallel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The genetics of salinity tolerance in rice was investigated by a nine-parent complete diallel including reciprocals. Test materials involved susceptible (IR28, IR29, and MI-48), moderately tolerant (IR4595-4-1-13, IR9884-54-3-1E-P1, and IR10206-29-2-1), and tolerant (“Nona Bokra”, “Pokkali”, and SR26B) parents. Twoweek-old seedlings were grown in a salinized (EC = 12 dS/m) culture solution for 19 days under controlled conditions in the IRRI phytotron. Typical characteristics of salinity tolerance in rice were found to be Na+ exclusion and an increased absorption of K+ to maintain a good Na-K balance in the shoot. Genetic component analysis (GCA) revealed that a low Na-K ratio is governed by both additive and dominance gene effects. The trait exhibited overdominance, and two groups of genes were detected. Environmental effects were large, and the heritability of the trait was low. Our findings suggest that when breeding for salt tolerance, selection must be done in a later generation and under controlled conditions in order to minimize environmental effects. Modified bulk and single-seed descent would be the suitable breeding methods. Combining ability analysis revealed that both GCA and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were important in the genetics of salt tolerance. Moderately tolerant parents — e.g., IR4595-4-1-13 and IR9884-54-3-1E-P1 — were the best general combiners. Most of the best combinations had susceptible parents crossed either to moderate or tolerant parents. The presence of reciprocal effects among crosses necessitates the use of susceptible parents as males in hybridization programs. Large heterotic effects suggest the potential of hybrid rice for salt-affected lands.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Morphine ; Behavioral activity ; Analgesia ; Rat ; Self-administration ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of the current study was to investigate genetic differences between two inbred strains of rats, Fisher-344 (F344/N) and Wistar Albino Glaxo (WAG/GSto), in a number of drug-naive and drug-related behaviors, including oral and intravenous morphine self-administration. F344/N and WAG/GSto rats differed in drug-naive behaviors such as nociception, rearing and sensitivity to lick suppression tests but did not differ in locomotor activity, ambulation or grooming behavior. F344/N rats were less sensitive to thermal stimuli as measured via tail-flick response, and more sensitive to the suppressive effects of intermittent shock in a lick suppression test. The F344/N rats demonstrated a significantly greater amount of rearing in open field tests but did not differ from WAG/GSto rats in locomotor activity, ambulation or grooming behavior. In addition to the behavioral results, naive F344/N and WAG/GSto rats were found to differ in μ and α2 receptor concentrations (F344/N〉WAG/GSto) and in 5HT2 and D2 affinity constants (WAG/GSto〉F344/N). These two inbred rat strains also differed in drug-related behaviors. F344/N rats showed significantly greater depression of locomotor activity at morphine 3 mg/kg than WAG/GSto rats. In addition, F344/N rats consumed significantly greater amounts of morphine in a two-bottle choice procedure and morphine maintained significantly greater amounts of behavior during intravenous self-administration sessions. Importantly, drug maintained behavior was significantly greater than with vehicle only in the F344/N rats during operant self-administration sessions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Schlagwort(e): Systemic lupus erythematosus ; HLA-DP ; Ro (SS-A) autoantibodies ; La (SS-B) autoantibodies ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We investigated the association of HLA-DPB1 alleles with the occurrence of autoantibodies against Ro (SS-A) or La (SS-B) using recombinant 52kD-Ro, 60 kD-Ro and La proteins in 177 German patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A significant increase in the frequency of DPB1 *0101 is observed in SLE patients compared to healthy controls (P corr.〈0.004). Antibodies against 52 kD-Ro, 60 kD-Ro and La are tested by ELISA and are found with a frequency of 25.4%, 33.9% and 17.5% in the patients, respectively. An association with HLA-DPB1 *0101 is observed for antibodies against La (P〈0.01) and 52 kD-Ro (P〈0.01), but not for 60 kD-Ro in the absence of La/52 kD-Ro. Since there is a strong linkage disequilibrium between DPB1 *0101 and DR3 in the normal population and in SLE patients, and since there is an association between DR3 and SLE, as well as between DR3 and the occurrence of recombinant Ro/La antibodies in SLE patients, we investigated whether DPB1 *0101 is associated per se or via linkage disequilibrium with DR3. DPB1 *0101 in the absence of DR3 is not more common in patients than in controls and not in patients with autoantibodies to Ro and La than without antoantibodies. We conclude that there is no evidence for a direct involvement of DPB1 *0101 in the production of Ro/La autoantibodies in SLE patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 240 (1993), S. 151-155 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; Complex partial seizures ; Waking and sleep EEGs ; Siblings
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Waking and sleep EEGs were recorded in 29 siblings of 19 patients with complex partial seizures. At least 1 sibling with epileptic activity (EA) was found for 36.8% of the patients. Taking the 29 siblings as a basis, in 7 EA was recorded. Most EA was seen during sleep in stage C (29%). More EA was recorded in female siblings (28% :18%) and in siblings of female patients (56% :20%). All EA was seen in the age range 5–14 years. Siblings with occipital theta-delta activity with a generalization tendency showed more EA (59%) than those without this pattern (8%). Of the siblings of patients with generalized EA 50% showed EA, but only 25% of those of patients with localized EEG patterns.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Hereditary ataxias ; Friedreich's ataxia ; Genetics ; FRDA locus ; Chromosome 9
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The clinical features of Friedreich's ataxia are described and reevaluated in a group of 14 German patients from 9 independent families. In contrast to previous studies, demonstration of linkage to the Friedreich's ataxia locus (FRDA) on chromosome 9p allowed confirmation of the genetic homogeneity of the disease in the patients under study. Marked variability within families was observed for age of onset of the disease (4–24 years) and for age of becoming wheelchair bound (17–37 years). Electrocardiographic changes were present in all and echocardiographic changes in 50% of the patients. Pathological changes of visual evoked potentials were detected in only 50% of the patients while brainstem auditory evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials were always abnormal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Sexuality and disability 11 (1993), S. 221-228 
    ISSN: 1573-6717
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; disability ; reproduction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 333-346 
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; Pedigrees ; Molecular evolution ; Pan ; Hylobates ; Macaca ; DNA sequences ; Microsatellite loci
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Using DNA amplified from shed or plucked hair follicles it is now possible to genotype individual primates at many nuclear and mitochondrial gene loci. Sequence specific primers and the polymerase chain reaction permit the rapid production of sufficient DNA from a single hair for numerous analyses. The direct sequencing of relatively conservative mtDNA sequences like cytochromeb is proving useful in establishing species and subspecies-level relationships. More variable sequences (e.g. the mtDNA control region or D-loop) are useful at the population and social community levels. Paternity exclusion, pedigree relationships, and community structure can be determined using simple sequence length polymorphisms (SSLPs) of multiple hypervariable nuclear microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Studies involving captive and free-ranging chimpanzees, gibbons, and macaques illustrate the resolving power of these new non-invasive molecular genetic genotyping techniques.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 243 (1993), S. 131-142 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; Nosology ; Methodology ; Linkage analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Statistical procedures and molecular genetic techniques have attained a fine degree of resolution. Their ability to find disease genes has revolutionized medicine and raised hopes for breakthroughs in psychiatry. However, such breakthroughs may require an equally discriminating nosology. A psychiatric genetic nosology seeks to classify patients into categories that correspond to distinct genetic entities by addressing the problem of diagnostic accuracy: the degree to which a diagnosis correctly classifies people with and without a putative genetic illness. We review methods that deal with misclassification in genetic studies. These are clinical and epidemiological approaches that deal directly with how to define the observable manifestation of a putative genotype. We discuss two groups of methods: those that use known phenotypes and those that design new phenotypes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 243 (1993), S. 143-149 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; Linkage ; Psychiatric disorders ; Genetic epidemiology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Linkage analysis has been successful in identifying the genetic basis of numerous Mendelian diseases. These successes were due in part to the rapid developments in molecular biology, which have yielded a plethora of informative genetic markers. Although there is strong evidence that the manifestation of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorders is controlled by genes, no evidence for linkage has been established. For psychiatric disorders, the most important limiting factor is likely to be the lack of single loci with very large effects that occur with any relevant frequency. The difficulties of linkage studies in psychiatric disorders are discussed with reference to non-psychiatric genetic diseases for which linkage to genetic markers has been successful. Recommendations for collecting information to clarify the patterns of transmission of the psychiatric disorders are described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; Disease ; Mapping ; Breeding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Molecular markers at 103 loci were used to identify the location of quantitative sources of resistance to Exserohilum turcicum in 150 F2∶3 lines of a B52/Mo17 maize population. Host-plant response was measured in terms of the average number of lesions per leaf, the average percent leaf tissue diseased (severity), and the average size of lesions. The location of quantitative trait loci were compared with three loci having known qualitative effects, namely Ht1, Ht2 and bx1. Chromosomal regions containing the Ht1 and Ht2 loci showed a small contribution in determining lesion size, even though alleles with dominant, qualitative effects at these loci have never been reported in either inbred parent. Similar effects were not observed for the number of lesions or for disease severity. Likewise, some contribution was observed for chromosomal regions encompassing the bx1 locus in determining lesion size but not the number of lesions or disease severity. Overall the contribution of loci in the vicinity of Ht1, Ht2 and bx1 was small relative to variation attributable to loci with quantitative effects identified in this study. Molecular-marker-facilitated mapping concurred with previous reciprocal translocation mapping studies on the importance of chromosomes 3, 5 and 7, despite the fact that these studies utilized diverse sources of resistant germplasm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 176 (1993), S. 53-63 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Acetabularia acetabulum ; Gamete release ; Mating efficiency ; Mating physiology ; Gamete half-life ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We have improved zygote recovery 11–1,000 fold by optimizing the physiology of gamete release and mating inAcetabularia acetabulum. Gamete release was affected by agar purity, concentration, and volume/gametangial pair. Cold pre-treatment of gametangia (14–30 d at 10°C in the dark) synchronized subsequent gamete release at 21°C in the light. Cold pre-treatment was nearly twice as effective in synchronizing subsequent gamete release when intact, gametangia-bearing caps rather than isolated gametangia were pretreated. Synchronizing gamete release doubled mating efficiency. In a wild-type laboratory strain ofA. acetabulum, there were 1,561±207 gametes/gametangium which had half-lives of 14.5 d in 0.1% seawater-agar. We recovered 48–93% of the expected numbers of zygotes from a mass mating of 8 to 1,226 gametangia and 11–128% of the expected numbers of zygotes from mating single gametangial pairs: the large range in the calculated mating efficiency may be attributable to the variation in the numbers of gametes made per gametangium. Zygote recovery from single gametangial pairs was highly dependent on the volume of mating matrix. In addition, most zygotes recovered were unattached to any other zygotes in the subsequent generation (〉 95% single cells from matings of 1–500 gametangial pairs). Our improvements in mating conditions and zygote recovery (1) have facilitated cell manipulation and culture ofA. acetabulum in the laboratory; and (2) have made controlled crosses for selection and genetic analysis of mutants feasible. These advances have removed a major barrier to genetic analysis of development inAcetabularia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome II sequencing ; serine-hydroxymethyl-transferase ; RIB5 ; GAP ; GTP binding protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We report here the sequence of a 19,482 bp DNA segment of chromosome II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fragment contains 16 open reading frames (ORFs) covering 74% of the sequence. Four predicted products present homology with known proteins. The ORF YBR1732 exhibits a strong homology to serine hydroxymethyl transferase; the best score is 53·1% identity in 458 amino acids overlap with the serine hydroxymethyl transferase from rabbit liver. YBR1724, which shows homology with riboflavin synthase of Bacillus subtilis, is probably the RIB5 gene implied in riboflavine synthesis and mapped in this region. YBR1733 is homologous to rab protein and YBR1728 is presumably a GTPase activating protein.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; protein kinase ; mRNA leader ; RAS ; cell cycle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The SCH9 yeast gene, that was previously identified as a suppressor of cdc25 and ras1- ras2-ts temperature-sensitive mutants, encodes a putative protein kinase that positively regulates the progression of yeast cells through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. We have determined the structure of the SCH9 transcription unit, using primer extension and S1 mapping techniques. The corresponding mRNA included an unusually long 5′ region of more than 600 nucleotides preceding the major open reading frame (ORF). While the latter corresponded to a protein of 824 amino acids, an upstream open reading frame (uORF) within the 5′ leader could potentially encode a 54 amino acid peptide. To investigate the role of the AUGs within the uORF, we engineered chimaeric plasmid vectors in which SCH9 sequences including the promoter, the mRNA leader and the first 514 nucleotides of the major ORF were fused in-frame with β-galactosidase-coding sequences. Upon introduction into yeast cells, the fusion protein was efficiently expressed. However, mutational disruption of the uORF using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis did not affect the level of expression of the fusion protein. This indicates that regulatory mechanisms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae prevent upstream AUGs within the SCH9 mRNA leader sequence from influencing translation from downstream initiation codons.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 71-75 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Heterologous expression ; β-glucuronidase ; LEU2 promoter ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The use of β-glucuronidase (β-GUS) as a reporter and sensitive detection system for Yarrowia lipolytica was studied. The Escherichia coli gusA gene was expressed under control of the homologous LEU2 promoter in a transcriptional fusion. An NcoI restriction site was introduced at the translational start-ATG, conserving the most favorable context for initiation of translation. The chimeric LEU2′-gusA gene was integrated into the LEU2 locus by homologous recombination. The β-GUS assay was very sensitive and highly reproducible, using the cytosolic fraction or a total cell extract as the source of enzyme. In a leucine-free medium, β-GUS activity was at a high, constant level, independent of growth phase. In transformants grown on complete medium, β-GUS activity was reduced about three-fold, but doubled during logarithmic growth. No intrinsic β-GUS activity was detectable in untransformed Y. lipolytica and no effect of β-GUS expression on growth was obseved. β-GUS-producing Y. lipolytica cells could be directly detected on media plates containing X-gluc (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-glucuronide).
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Quinol-cytochrome c reductase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; petite ; yeast chromosome VII ; bc1 complex ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We present here mapping data for QCR9, a nuclear gene encoding a subunit of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex. Deletion of QCR9 results in the inability of cells to grow on non-fermentable carbon sources at 37°C. Thus, qcr9 mutants can be scored by growing cells on YPE/G at 37°C, or followed by the URA3 marker, which was inserted when making the qcr9 deletion strain, JDP1. The location of QCR9 on the right arm of chromosome VII with respect to the previously mapped genes ADE3, SER2 and PET54 is given.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 111-119 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; hexose transport ; galactose inhibition ; glycolysis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The relationship between the pathways of glucose and galactose utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied. Galactose (which is transported and phosphorylated by inducible systems) is a strong inhibitor of the utilization of glucose, fructose and mannose (which have the same constitutive transport and phosphorylation systems). Conversely, all these three hexoses inhibit the utilization of galactose, though with poor efficiency. These cross-inhibitions only occur in yeast adapted to galactose or in galactose-constitutive mutants.The efficiency of galactose as inhibitor is even greater than the efficiencies of each of the other three hexoses to inhibit the utilization of each other. Phosphorylation is not involved in the inhibition and the transport of sugars is the affected step.The cross-inhibitions between galactose and either glucose, fructose or mannose do not implicate utilization of one hexose at the expense of the other, as it occurs in the mutual interactions between the latter three sugars. It seems that, by growing the yeast in galactose, a protein component is synthesized, or alternatively modified, that once bound to either galactose or any one of the other three hexoses (glucose, fructose or mannose), cross-interacts respectively with the constitutive or the inducible transport systems, impairing their function.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome I ; calnexin homologue ; CNE1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): δ-Aminolevulinate synthase ; δ-aminoleuvulinate dehydratase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae HEM R+ mutants ; catabolite repression and derepression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Catabolite repression and derepression on δ-aminolevulinate synthase (ALA-S) and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALA-D) in a normal yeast strain, D27, and its derived D27/C6 (HEM R+) were investigated. ALA-S and ALA-D activities and intracellular ALA (I-ALA) at different physiological states of the cells were measured. In YPD medium, under conditions of repression and when glucose was exhausted, both strains behaved identically as if the mutation was not expressed. In YPEt medium, however, both ALA-S and ALA-D activities were higher than in YPD, but the I-ALA content and the enzymic activity profiles shown by the two strains were quite different. It appears, therefore, that the mutation causes a deregulation of ALA-S, so that its activity is kept at a high level throughout the cell cycle. This would explain the increased levels of cytochromes present in the mutant. This mutation may affect some regulatory aspect of ALA formation and renders an ALA-S of high activity; moreover, this enzyme species seems to be more stable than in the normal strain.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 101-110 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: No abstract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 141-150 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Protein kinase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; KIN3 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have isolated a single gene from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encoding a potential 800 amino acid polypeptide of calculated Mr 90 098 Da. This protein consists of an N-terminal region that shares significant homology with the catalytic domains of several serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases, as well as a large, unique, C-terminal domain of unknown function. Haploid disruption mutants are viable and do not exhibit any readily observable growth defects under varying conditions of temperature, nutrients or osmotic strength. Due to the apparent structural similarity between this kinase and the protein products of the KIN1 and KIN2 genes, we have chosen to name this new gene KIN3.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Calcium-binding protein ; phospholipid-binding protein ; CAM1 ; elongation factor ; protein synthesis ; EF-1γ ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have isolated a gene (CAM1) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes a protein homologous to the translational cofactor elongation factor-1γ (EF-1γ) first identified in the brine shrimp Artemia salina. The predicted Cam1 amino acid sequence consists of 415 residues that share 32% identity with the Artemia protein, increasing to 72% when conservative substitutions are included. The calculated Mr of Cam1p (47 092 Da) is in close agreement with that of EF-1γ (Mr = 49 200 Da), and hydropathy plots of each protein exhibit strikingly similar profiles. Disruption of the CAM1 locus yields four viable meiotic progeny, indicating that under normal growth conditions the Cam1 protein is non-essential. Attempts to elicit a translational phenotype have been unsuccessful. Since EF-1γ participates in the regulation of a GTP-binding protein (EF-1α), double mutants with cam1 disruptions and various mutant alleles of known GTP-binding proteins were constructed and examined. No evidence was found for an interaction of CAM1 with TEF1, TEF2, SEC4, YPT1, RAS1, RAS2, CDC6, ARF1, ARF2 or CIN4. The possibility that Cam1p may play a redundant role in the regulation of protein synthesis or another GTP-dependent process is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 423-427 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): FLO1 ; flocculation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The cloned part of the flocculation gene FLO1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Teunissen, A.W.R.H., van den Berg, J.A. and Steensma, H.Y. (1993). Physical localization of the flocculation gene FLO1 on chromosome I of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yeast, in press) has been sequenced. The sequence contains a large open reading frame of 2685 bp. The amino acid sequence of the putative protein reveals a serine- and threonine-rich C-terminus (46%), the presence of repeated sequences and a possible secretion signal at the N-terminus. Although the sequence is not complete (we assume the missing fragment consists of repeat units), these data strongly suggest that the protein is located in the cell wall, and thus may be directly involved in the flocculation process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast ; chromosome XI ; MBR1 ; protein kinases ; serine-rich protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We report in this paper the sequence of a part of chromosome XI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This 17 kbp nucleotide sequence represents the right half of cosmid pUKG151 and contains nine open reading frames, YKL453, 450, 449, 448, 445, 443, 442, 441 and the 5′ part of YKL440. YKL440 was previously identified as the MBR1 gene and plays a role in mitochondrial biogenesis. YKL443 is a homologue of the yeast serine-rich protein (SRP1), while YKL453 presents strong homologies with the KIN1/KIN2/SNF1 kinase family. It must be pointed out that the size of this gene is well above average for yeast.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Methylotrophic yeast ; genetic transformation ; non-homologous integration ; gene disruption ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Development of transformation systems for methylotrophic yeasts is the starting point for research aimed at developing molecular genetics of these genera and will be the key to their further successful use in biotechnology. We transformed Pichia methanolica using selector genes ADE2 and LEU2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and ADE1 (homologue of S. cerevisiae ADE2 gene) from P. methanolica which was cloned and sequenced in our laboratory (Hiep et al., 1991). Lithium transformation of P. methanolica strains was inefficient with intact plasmids. Linearization of plasmids at a unique restriction site within the ADE1 gene prior to transformation substantially increased its frequency. Transformation with linear ADE1, ADE2 or LEU2 gene fragments was even more effective. Introduced DNA fragments either circularized in vivo, irrespective of the structures of their ends, giving unstable transformants; or integrated at different sites of the host genome. Using this transformation system, we obtained a disruption of the ADE1 gene on the chromosome by inserting the S. cerevisiae LEU2 gene. The disruption mutation ade1::LEU2 was used to study the mechanism of intragenic recombination in P. methanolica.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1207-1211 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Bromocresol purple ; killer toxin ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; fluorescence staining ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A method is described for detecting yeast cells with plasma membrane damage, based on cell staining with bromocresol purple (BCP) which has a convenient fluorescence after entering the cells at pH below 5·2. The method was used to determine the activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae pore-forming killer toxin K1 in commonly used lethal units. The BCP test is rapid and as precise as the plating test.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1219-1228 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Kluyveromyces lactis ; codon usage ; G+C content ; molecular evolution ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The nature and variation of synonymous codon usage in 47 open reading frames from Kluyveromyces lactis have been investigated. Using multivariate statistical analysis, a single major trend among K. lactis genes was identified that differentiates among genes by expression level: highly expressed genes have high codon usage bias, while genes of low expression level have low bias. A relatively minor secondary trend differentiates among genes according to G+C content at silent sites. In these respects, K. lactis is similar to both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, and the same ‘optimal’ codons appear to be selected in highly expressed genes in all three species. In addition, silent sites in K. lactis and S. cerevisiae have similar G+C contents, but in C. albicans genes they are more A+T-rich. Thus, in all essential features, codon usage in K. lactis is very similar to that in S. cerevisiae, even though silent sites in genes compared between these two species have undergone sufficient mutation to be saturated with changes. We conclude that the factors influencing overall codon usage, namely mutational biases and the abundances of particular tRNAs, have not diverged between the two species. Nevertheless, in a few cases, codon usage differs between homologous genes from K. lactis and S. cerevisae. The strength of codon usage bias in cytochrome c genes differs considerably, presumably because of different expression patterns in the two species. Two other, linked, genes have very different G+C content at silent sites in the two species, which may be a reflection of their chromosomal locations. Correspondence analysis was used to identify two open reading frames with highly atypical codon usage that are probably not genes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1267-1271 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was sequenced that encodes a protein with homology to a family of putative ATPases. These homologous proteins include the yeast cell division cycle protein Cdc48p and its mammalian homologues VCP and p97; Sec18p and its mammalian homologue NSF, proteins necessary for fusion of transport vesicles to target membranes in the secretory pathway; Pas1p, a protein necessary for peroxisome biosynthesis in yeast; Yme1p, a yeast mitochondrial protein that influences the rate of DNA escape from mitochondria; and TBP-1, MSS1 and Sug1p, proteins that interact with transcription factors. This newly sequenced gene, named AFG2 for ATPase family gene, is located on chromosome XII 5′ to the SLP1/VPS33 open reading reading frame and encodes an essential protein of 780 amino acids that is most homologous to Cdc48p.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 753-759 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Microsatellites ; AT-repeats ; ARS ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Microsatellites are repeats of very short sequences of DNA, interspersed in the genome. In this paper, the occurrence of the two-base repeat microsatellites has been investigated in the DNA sequence of yeast chromosome III. Only AT-repeats were found at a significantly high frequency. Some of the regions with the highest concentration of AT-repeats were located and further analysed, showing a close association with the core consensus of autonomously replicating sequences.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 33
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; genome ; MCM2 ; MCM3 ; CDC46 ; KRE2 ; KTR1 ; MNT1 ; YUR1 ; DUR1,2 ; protein glycosylation ; lipase ; peroxisomal targeting signal ; DNA replication ; cdc21sp ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A 12 820 bp fragment from the right arm of chromosome II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was sequenced and analysed. This fragment contains six non-overlapping long open reading frames (ORFs) designated from the centromere- to the telomere-proximal ends as: YBR1441, 1443, 1444, 1445, 1446 and 1448. YBR1441 encodes a polypeptide of 845 amino acids which shares a long consensus domain with products of S. cerevisiae MCM2, MCM3, CDC46 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc21+ genes. These genes are involved in DNA replication. YBR1445 encodes a polypeptide of 404 amino acids which has strong similarity with the S. cerevisiae KRE2/MNT1, YUR1, KTR1 gene products. The KRE2/MNT1 protein is an α-1,2-mannosyltransferase. The product of YBR1444, which encodes a protein of 375 amino acids, presents a lipase signature sequence and a peroxisomal targeting signal. YBR1448, whose sequence extends further on the telomere-proximal end of the fragment, is identical to the 3′ end of the DUR1,2 gene encoding urea amidolyase. The two ORFs, YBR1443 and YBR1446, exhibit no significant similarity with any known gene.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 34
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VIII ; ARG4 ; meiosis ; SH3 domain ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have sequenced a 3296 bp segment of the chromosome VIII adjacent to the 3′ end of the ARG4 gene. This segment contains two divergently oriented open reading frames (YSC83 and YSC84). Northern blot analysis showed the presence of transcripts corresponding to these two open reading frames in vegetative cells. Levels of these transcripts increase five to ten-fold during sporulation. These two genes are not essential for vegetative growth or sporulation. Analysis of the putative protein products on the SwissProt database revealed that the C-terminal region of the Ysc84 protein contains a putative SH3 domain.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1157-1164 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: No abstract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. ii 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: No abstract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 941-1029 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): glucose transport ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; LGT1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A low-affinity glucose transporter gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned by complementation of the rag1 mutation in a strain of Kluyveromyces lactis defective in low-affinity glucose transport. Gene sequence and effects of null mutation in S. cerevisiae were described. Data indicated that there are multiple genes for low-affinity glucose transport.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1331-1334 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): In vitro transcription ; initiation of RNA synthesis ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Kluyveromyces lactis ; Candida glabrata ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We demonstrate the successful adaptation to other yeast species of a protocol previously described for production of transcriptionally active whole cell extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Woontner and Jaehning, 1990, J. Biol. Chem. 265, 8979-8982). Extracts prepared from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Kluyveromyces lactis and Candida glabrata were all capable of initiating transcription from a template containing the S. cerevisiae CYC1 TATA box fused to a G-less cassette. Transcription in all of the extracts was sensitive to inhibition by α-amanitin, indicating that it was catalysed by RNA polymerase II, and was dramatically stimulated by the chimeric activator GAL4/VP16. The different extracts used different subsets of a group of three initiation sites.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XI ; UBI2 ; MPLI ; ORF ; myosin ; USO1 ; Nopp140 ; membrane protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: As part of the EEC yeast genome program, a fragment of 15 820 bp from the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XI has been sequenced. This fragment corresponds roughly to the centromere-distal half of cosmid pUKG046 and to a small fragment of cosmid pUKG096, which are located approximately 150 kb from the centromere. It contains four open reading frames (ORFs) which encode potential proteins of more than 100 amino acid residues, as well as the UBI2 gene which carries an intron and does not show up as an ORF in the sequence analysis programs. One of the putative proteins, YKR412, is very rich in serine and has significant homology at the carboxyl end to Nopp140 phosphoprotein. YKR413 has several predicted transmembrane domains. YKR15, which has been recently cloned as the MPL1 gene, encodes a polypeptide that shows homologies to myosin heavy chain and to the cytoskeleton protein Uso1.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993) 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 61-80 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 121-140 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 201-220 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 127-139 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): yeast ; polyphosphatase ; purification ; specificity ; inhibitors ; divalent cations ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell envelope polyphosphatase was isolated in highly active and stable form by extraction from cells with zwittergent TM-314 followed by chromatography of the extract on phosphocellulose and QAE-Sephadex in the presence of 5 mM-MgCl2, 0·5 mM-EDTA and 0·1% Triton X-100. The enzyme possessed a specific activity of 220 U/mg and after 30 days retained 87% of its activity at -20°C. Polyphosphatase molecular mass was determined to be about 40 kDa by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enzyme hydrolysed polyphosphates with various chain lengths (n = 3-208), had low activity for GTP and did not split pyrophosphate, ATP and p-nitrophenylphosphate. On polyphosphates with chain lengths n = 3, 9 and 208, Km values were 1·7 × 10-4, 1·5 × 10-5 and 8·8 × 10-7 M respectively. Polyphosphatase was most active and stable at pH 6·0-8·0. The enzyme showed maximal activity at 50°C. The time of half inactivation of polyphosphatase at 40, 45 and 50°C was 45, 10 and 3 min, respectively. In the absence of divalent cations and also with Ca2+ or Cu2+, the enzyme showed practically no activity. The ability of divalent cations to activate polyphosphatase was reduced in the following order: Co2+ 〉 Mg2+ 〉 Mn2+ 〉 Fe2+ 〉 Zn2+. Polyphosphatase was completely inhibited by 1 mM-ammonium molybdate and 50 μM-Zn2+ or Cu2+ (in the presence of Mg2+).
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 235-249 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; nuclear pore ; nuclear envelope ; mitosis ; karyogamy ; cell cycle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nucleus undergoes dramatic shape changes during mitosis and mating. We have studied nuclear envelope dynamics during the processes of mitosis and conjugation using nuclear pore complexes as a marker for the nuclear envelope in wild-type cells and several cell-division-cycle (cdc) mutants.Three monoclonal antibodies are described that recognize nuclear pore complex-related antigens in S. cerevisiae. One of these antibodies, RL1, has been extensively characterized by Gerace and colleagues and recognizes nuclear pore complexes in mammalian and amphibian cells. By indirect immunofluorescence of yeast cells, all three antibodies yield a discontinuous nuclear rim stain. All three react with multiple nuclear-enriched proteins in immunoblots, including the nucleoporin protein encoded by the NSP1 gene.When the antibodies were used in immunofluorescence experiments on mating cells, the nuclear pore complex staining pattern proved to be a sensitive indicator of nuclear fusion. Nuclei with closely apposed spindle pole bodies and unfused nuclear envelopes could be readily distinguished. Marked shape changes were observed in nuclei during fusion and segregation of the diploid nucleus into the zygotic bud.In cdc14 and cdc15 mutants that arrest late in mitosis, the elongated nuclear envelope extension that stretches between daughter nuclei during telophase was preserved. In cytokinesis-defective mutants (cdc3, cdc10, cdc11 and cdc12), the elongated nuclear envelope was usually resolved into two daughter nuclei in the absence of cytokinesis. These results indicate that nuclear envelope division is mechanistically distinguishable from chromosome segregation, nucleolar segregation and cytokinesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 301-305 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Chromosome XVI ; mitochondrial carrier ; ARO7 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have cloned and sequenced a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene coding for a protein with significant similarities to the mitochondrial carrier family. The gene we termed YMC1 (yeast mitochondrial carrier) is located on chromosome XVI, closely downstream of ARO7 encoding chorismate mutase.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 48
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Endomitosis ; heat treatment ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Diploid cells with ability to mate, hereafter referred to as diploid mater cells, were obtained at significant frequencies by the heat treatment of haploid spores at the early germination stage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae heterothallic strain CG5M (a/α diploid cells heterozygous for five auxotrophic markers). The highest frequency (ca. 11%) of diploidization was obtained from viable cells after heat treatment at 55°C for 10 min when spores were precultivated for 30 min in liquid medium to initiate the germination. The diploid mater cells obtained were homozygous for mating type and for the auxotrophic markers. The diploidization of a spore is thus concluded to be due to endomitotic events in germinating heat-treated spores.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993) 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Chromosome I ; Flocculation ; FLO1 ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The genetics of flocculation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are poorly understood despite the importance of this property for strains used in industry. To be able to study the regulation of flocculation in yeast, one of the genes involved, FLO1, has been partially cloned. The identity of the gene was confirmed by the non-flocculent phenotype of cells in which the C-terminal part of the gene had been replaced by the URA3 gene. Southern blots and genetic crosses showed that the URA3 gene had integrated at the expected position on chromosome I. A region of approximately 2 kb in the middle of the FLO1 gene was consistently deleted during propagation in Escherichia coli and could not be isolated. Plasmids containing the incomplete gene, however, were still able to cause weak flocculation in a nonflocculent strain. The 3′ end of the FLO1 gene was localized at approximately 24 kb from the right end of chromosome I, 20 kb centromere-proximal to PHO11. Most of the newly isolated chromosome I sequences also hybridized to chromosome VIII DNA, thus extending the homology between the right end of chromosome I and chromosome VIII to approximately 28 kb.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Heat shock proteins ; mRNA degradation ; ribosomal proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have previously shown that the heat-induced enhanced decay of yeast mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins (rp-mRNAs) requires ongoing transcription during the heat treatment [Herruer et al. (1988) Nucl. Acids Res. 16, 7917]. In order to determine whether this requirement reflects the need for heat-shock protein (hsp), we analysed the effect of heat shock on rp-mRNA levels in several yeast strains in which each of the heat-shock genes encoding hsp26, hsp35 or hsp83 had been individually disrupted. In all three strains we still observed increased degradation of rp-mRNAs immediately after the temperature shift, demonstrating that hsp26, hsp35 and hsp83 are not required for this effect. Accelerated turnover of rp-mRNA was also found to occur upon raising the growth temperature of a mutant strain that contains a disruption of the gene specifying the heat-shock transcription factor and in wild-type yeast cells treated with canavanine, an arginine analogue that will be incorporated into all known hsps and that is known to cause misfolding of the polypeptide chain. Latter observation suggests that enhanced rp-mRNA decay is a more general stress-related phenomenon. Taken together, these data strongly indicate that the trans-acting factor required for the increase in the rate of degradation of rp-mRNAs upon stress is not one of the known yeast hsps.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 52
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Aspergillus niger ; gene expression ; glucose oxidase ; Hansenula polymorpha ; MF-α secretion leader sequence ; methylotrophic yeast ; methanol oxidase promoter ; recombinant protein ; regulatory mutants ; reporter gene ; super-secretion mutant ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The glucose oxidase gene (god) from Aspergillus niger was expressed in Hansenula polymorpha using the methanol oxidase promoter and transcription termination region and the MF-α leader sequence from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to direct secretion. The expression cassette was cloned into the S. cerevisiae vector YEp13 and used to transform H. polymorpha strain A16. In the initial transformants plasmid replication was unstable, but was stabilized by a growth regime consisting of alternating cycles of selective and non-selective growth. The stabilized strain was grown to high cell density by fed-batch fermentation. Upon induction of the MOX promoter, glucose oxidase synthesis was initiated. At the end of the fermentation, the culture density was 76 g dry weight/1 and 108 IU/ml (0·5 g/l or 0·65% dry weight) glucose oxidase was found in the culture medium; a further 86 IU/ml (0·43 g/l or 0·56% dry weight) was recovered from the cell lysate. A plate assay was used to monitor glucose oxidase levels in individual colonies. This was then used to isolate mutants which showed abnormal regulation of god expression or which showed an altered pattern of secretion. One mutant, which showed increased production of glucose oxidase, was grown to high cell density by fed-batch fermentation (100·6 g/l) and produced 445 IU/ml (2·25 g/l or 2·2% dry weight) extracellularly and 76 IU/ml (0·38 g/l or 0·4% dry weight) intracellularly. The mutant thus not only increased total production but exported 83% of the total enzyme made compared to 55% in the parent strain.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993) 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 691-702 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 733-742 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeasts ; peroxisomes ; Hansenula polymorpha ; peroxisomal membrane ; permeability ; membrane protein ; ΔΨ measurements ; pore-forming protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A major 31 kDa integral peroxisomal membrane protein (PMP31) of Hansenula polymorpha was purified to homogeneity from isolated peroxisomal membranes by FPLC after solubilization by Triton X-100. Biochemical analysis indicated that this protein, which showed cross-reactivity with antibodies against the 31 kDa porin of the mitochondrial outer membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, had pore-forming properties. Firstly, proteoliposomes composed of asolectin and purified PMP31 showed selective permeability, determined as the [14C]sucrose/[3H]dextran leakage ratios. Furthermore, the generation of a ΔΨ by potassium diffusion gradients was negatively affected by the presence of PMP31 in asolectin liposomes. A similar effect was observed in proteoliposomes containing purified cytochrome c oxidase as a ΔΨ generating system. Control experiments confirmed that the observed leakage is significant and introduced by the incorporation of PMP31 protein. Selective sucrose leakage was abolished in samples pretreated with glutaraldehyde; an identical effect of glutaraldehyde was, however, not observed for the membrane potential measurements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We report here the DNA sequence of a segment of chromosome XI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extending over 7·8 kb. The segment contains four long open reading frames, YKL150, YKL153, YKL155 and YKL156, YKL155 corresponds to the CAP1 gene. YKL153 contains an intron and shows an extremely biased codon usage suggestive of a highly expressed protein. YKL156 is a homolog to UOG-1, an open reading frame associated with the cDNA clone of the mammalian growth/differentiation factor 1. YKL150 reveals common motifs to both the RNA polymerase II elongation factor of Drosophila melanogaster and to the yeast PPR2 gene product.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 307-314 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: No abstract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome I ; sulfur assimilation ; CYS3 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have cloned, sequenced and physically mapped the CYS3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This gene can complement the cys3-1 allele, and disruptions at this locus lead to cysteine auxotrophy. The predicted CYS3 product is closely related (46% identical) to the rat cystathionine γ-lyase (Erickson et al., 1990), but differs in lacking cysteine residues. These results provide further evidence that the S288C strain of yeast resembles mammals in synthesizing cysteine solely via a trans-sulfuration pathway. The CYS3 product was found to have strong homology to three other enzymes involved in cysteine metabolism: the Escherichia coli metB and metC products and the S. cerevisiae MET25 gene product. The trans-sulfuration enzymes appears to form a diverged family and carry out related functions from bacteria to mammals.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 441-463 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Peroxisome ; immunofluorescence ; PTS-1 ; electroporation ; yeast ; targeting ; biogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We describe the isolation and characterization of peroxisomal assembly mutants in the genetically manipulable yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (pay mutants). These mutants were initially identified as oleic acid-non-utilizers by their inability to grow on oleic acid, the utilization of which requires peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes. Identification of a subset of oleic acid-non-utilizers as pay mutants was obtained by a rapid immunofluorescence procedure using antibodies to the peroxisomal targeting signal Ser-Lys-Leu-CO2H. Punctate structures characteristic of peroxisomes were not detected in pay mutants using this technique. This rapid identification by immunofluorescence should be generally applicable to the selection of peroxisomal assembly mutants in other yeasts. To take advantage of the pay mutant system, we constructed a genomic library in the autonomously replicating vector pINA445 and developed an efficient and rapid electroporation procedure for the functional complementation of these mutants. We have been successful in functionally complementing two independent pay mutants. Molecular analysis of these and other complementing genes will allow for characterization of some of the cellular elements involved in peroxisomal assembly.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 533-541 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; starch utilization ; extracellular glucoamylase ; regulatory mutants ; carbon catabolite (glucose) repression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A diastatic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae producing the STA2-encoded extracellular glucoamylase (GA) in a pronounced glucose-repressible fashion was used as a parent for generating mutants with reduced GA activity under normal conditions of derepression. In addition to mutations in STA2, five other recessive mutations were identified which fell into four complementation groups designated haf1 through haf4. RNA blot analysis suggested that the haf mutations confer defects in STA2 transcription. The haf mutants were pleiotropically defective in utilization of alternative carbon sources and resembled the snf (sucrose non-fermenting) mutants identified previously as unable to derepress the expression of the SUC2 gene encoding invertase. We present evidence strongly suggesting that haf1 = snf2, haf3 = snf1 and haf4 = snf5. By phenotypic criteria, the postulated HAF2 gene (which is none of the SNF genes tested) appears to be similar to SNF2, SNF5 and SNF6, and is possibly a non-redundant extension of this group of functionally related SNF genes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 589-598 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Kluyveromyces lactis ; killer toxin ; fungal chitin ; cell wall mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Kluyveromyces lactis killer toxin causes sensitive strains of a variety of yeasts to arrest at the G1 stage of the cell cycle, and to lose viability. We describe here the isolation and characterization of a class of recessive mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that leads to toxin resistance and a temperature-sensitive phenotype. These mutant cells arrest growth at 37°C with a characteristic phenotype of elongated buds. Cloning of the gene complementing these defects revealed it to be CAL1, coding for chitin synthase 3 activity. Calcofluor staining of the mutant cells indicated that chitin is absent both at 23°C and 37°C. Given that the CAL1 activity is responsible for the synthesis of most of chitin in yeast cells, and that in its absence the cells are viable but resistant to the killer toxin, our results strongly suggest that chitin might represent the receptor for this killer toxin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 613-623 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; heme biosynthesis ; uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: HEM6 (HEM12) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, the fifth enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. The HEM6 (HEM12) gene was cloned by complementation of heme auxotrophy of a hem6 mutant. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1086 nucleotides. The predicted amino acid sequence of HEM6 (HEM12) shows extensive homology to those reported for uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase from mammalian sources. Expression of HEM6 (HEM12) was investigated and was found to increase two-fold in a non-fermentable carbon source. However, HEM6 (HEM12) transcription was unaffected by heme or by intermediates in the heme biosynthetic pathway. In addition, HEM6 (HEM12) expression is not regulated by the transcriptional activator complex HAP2-3-4, as has been shown for some genes encoding heme biosynthetic enzymes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; genome ; ribosomal protein L21 ; RIM2 ; ATP carrier ; MSI1 ; IRA1 ; GAP ; PGI1 ; glycolytic genes ; leucine zipper ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We report the DNA sequence of an 8 kb segment localized on the right arm of chromosome II from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence reveals the presence of eight open reading frames (ORFs). Three of them, YBR1402, YBR1405 and YBR1406 are previously sequenced genes, respectively the RIM2 (replication in mitochondria), MSI1 (multicopy suppressor of IRA1 gene) and PGI1 (phosphoglucoisomerase) genes. The predicted product of the ORF YBR1401 could be the putative yeast ribosomal protein L21. A new essential gene, YBR1403, has been identified by disruption; it possesses a leucine zipper motif.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 715-722 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Gene fusion ; protein purification ; glutathione S-transferase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A rapid and convenient method of protein purification involves creating a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST) (Smith and Johnson, Gene 67, 31-40, 1988). In this report, we describe two vectors for the conditional expression of GST fusions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The parent plasmid is based on a high-copy, galactose-inducible shuttle vector previously described (Baldari et al., EMBO J. 6, 229-243, 1987). We have demonstrated the use of this system by creating fusions between GST and the yeast RAS2 gene. GST-Ras2 fusion proteins undergo the post-translational modifications required for Ras2p to become membrane localized. These vectors provide a useful system for the expression an dpurification of eukaryotic proteins requiring post-translational modification.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Candida utilis ; short-chain carboxylic acids ; transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Cells of the yeast Candida utilis grown in medium with short-chain mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids transported L(-)malic acid by two transport systems at pH 3·0. Results indicate that probably a proton symport for the ionized form of the acid and a facilitated diffusion for the undissociated form were present. Dicarboxylic acids such as succinic, fumaric, oxaloacetic and α-ketoglutaric acids were competitive inhibitors of the malic acid for the high-affinity system, suggesting that these acids used the same transport system. In turn, competitive inhibition uptake studies of labelled carboxylic acid in the low-affinity range indicated that this system was non-specific and able to accept not only carboxylic (mono-, di- or tri-) acids but also some amino acids. Additionally, under the same growth conditions, C. utilis produced two mediated transport systems for lactic acid: a proton symport for the anionic form which appeared to be a common monocarboxylate carrier and a facilitated diffusion system for the undissociated acid displaying a substrate specificity similar to that observed for the low-affinity dicarboxylic acid transport. The mediated carboxylic acid transport systems were inducible and subjected to repression by glucose. In glucose-grown cells the undissociated dicarboxylic acids entered the cells slowly by simple diffusion. Repressed glucose-grown cells were only able to produce both transport systems if an inducer, at low concentration (0·5%, w/v), was present during starvation in buffer. This process was inhibited by the presence of cycloheximide indicating that induction requires de novo protein synthesis. If a higher acid concentration was used, only the low-affinity transport system was detectable, showing that the high-affinity system was also repressed by high concentrations of the inducer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993) 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Respiration ; fermentation ; glycolysis ; carbon dioxide ; mitochondria ; oxygen ; ethanol tolerance ; yeast ; membrane fluidity ; mass spectrometry ; microsomes ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSc was grown with ethanol at concentrations up to 10% (v/v). The immediate effects of additions of externally added ethanol on CO2 production and O2 consumption of washed organisms were studied by stopped-flow membrane inlet quadrupole mass spectrometry. Fermentative activities of organisms grown with ethanol (0-5% v/v) showed similar sensitivities to inhibition by ethanol, whereas those grown with 10% (v/v) ethanol had become protected and were markedly less sensitive.The fluidity of subcellular membrane fractions was measured by determination of the temperature dependence of the rotational order parameter of the spin label 5-doxyl stearic acid (free radical) by electron spin resonance. Mitochondria prepared from yeasts grown with 0, 7 and 9% (v/v) ethanol showed similar overall fluidity, although differences in temperature-dependent behaviour indicate altered lipid composition or lateral phase separations. On the other hand the microsomal fraction from organisms grown with 9% ethanol showed a remarkable increase in fluidity. These data suggest that the protective effects of growth with ethanol near the limit of tolerance on fermentative activities may arise from altered plasma membrane fluidity properties.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 69
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Exocytosis ; secretion ; secretion mutant ; Sec protein ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae harbouring temperature-sensitive mutations in the SEC1 and SEC5 genes exhibit an accumulation of post-Golgi secretory vesicles at 37°C. We have cloned a fragment of yeast DNA which carries two distinct genes, one of which complements a sec1 mutation, and the other a sec5 mutation. Genetic tests confirm that the sec1-complementing gene is indeed SEC1, and is essential for cell growth. Nucleotide sequence analysis reveals that the cloned SEC1 gene is the same as a previously sequenced sec1-complementing gene. The SEC1 sequence encodes a protein of 724 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 83 kDa. Antibodies purified from a polyclonal antiserum raised against the protein product of the cloned gene recognize a yeast protein of apparent molecular mass 78 kDa which is found in a detergent-resistant association with a rapidly sedimenting yeast subcellular fraction, behaviour which is suggestive of an interaction with a component of the yeast cytoskeleton.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1299-1308 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): 2 μm ori plasmid ; directional cDNA cloning ; genetic complementation ; polylinkers ; shuttle vectors ; cDNA libraries ; colE1 replication control ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Expression/shuttle vectors for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have usually been large plasmids with only one or a small number of sites that are suitable for cloning and expression. We report here the construction and properties of a series of 12 expression vectors with multiple (four to eight) unique sites in their polylinkers which allow directional cloning and expression of DNA sequences under four different promoters. Eleven of these plasmids replicate at high copy number in Escherichia coli, and all have the yeast TRP1 gene, and the 2 μm origin including REP3 sequence, allowing selection and high copy number replication in yeast. Six of the plasmids are designed for the construction and selection of cDNA libraries from various eukaryotic organisms, allowing directional cloning and expression of cDNAs. All of these six have similar polylinkers containing a unique promoter proximal EcoRI site and a unique promoter distal XhoI site, allowing for directional cloning and expression of ‘ZAP’-type cDNAs. cDNAs that complement a wide variety of yeast mutants can be selected from libraries constructed in this way. The four alternative promoters, ADH2, PGK, GAL10 and SV40 were compared for their relative activity, both in E. coli and in yeast. All yeast promoters showed substantial activity in E. coli with ADH2 showing the highest activity. ADH2 also was well-regulated in yeast, showing very high relative activity under derepressing conditions. cDNAs selected by genetic complementation from libraries constructed in these vectors should be easily subclonable into other vectors, allowing expression in different eukaryotic organisms, DNA sequencing or site-directed mutagenesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XI ; FAS1 ; PUT3 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have sequenced two segments containing a total of 51·6 kb of the left arm from chromosome XI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The first segment of 38·5 kb contains 18 open reading frames (ORFs) of more than 100 amino acid residues. Five ORFs encode known yeast genes, including the fatty acid synthase gene (FAS1). Three new yeast genes were discovered with homologies to non-yeast genes and ten new genes without homologies to any known sequences. The second segment of 13 kb contains five ORFs with two known yeast genes and three unknown genes. The sequences from cosmid pUKG041 were obtained entirely with the walking primer strategy resulting in a very low overall sequence redundancy of 2·8 and an average reading length of 443 bases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1199-1206 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Candida albicans ; 5·8S, ITS2 ; rDNA ; nucleotide sequence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have determined the nucleotide sequence for the DNA encoding the 5·8S RNAs and downstream internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) regions for Candida albicans and the taxonomically related species C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei. Phylogenetic analysis of all known fungal 5·8S RNA sequences revealed a close relationship between C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, and to a lesser extent C. albicans within the yeast-like fungi. This group can itself be delineated from predominantly filamentous species. The more distal relationships between Candida (torulopsis) glabrata and C. krusei support previous findings based on small (18S) ribosomal RNA sequence analysis, suggesting a greater degree of evolutionary divergence of these species from the C. albicans group. Among strains of C. albicans we observed conservation of the ITS2 region of the nucleotide level. Conservation was also observed for a more limited number of C. parapsilosis strains. Although the 3′ region of the ITS spacer was species specific, sequence homology was observed in the 5′ end within the albicans/parapsilosis/tropicalis group. Our findings suggest a rapid approach to species identification through the use of non-conserved regions flanked by highly conserved, functional domains.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1241-1249 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Transaldolase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; in vitro mutagenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Replacement of lysine144 by glutamine in the pentose phosphate pathway enzyme transaldolase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is associated with the complete loss of activity indicating the essential role in catalysis. Neither histidine nor cysteine is important for catalytic activity as proposed for the Candida utilis enzyme. Also we could not find any evidence for a half-site character of the enzyme as described for transaldolase of C. utilis. Therefore, the reaction mechanisms for the two enzymes are different.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1279-1286 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: No abstract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993) 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 76
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; mitochondrial mRNA processing ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Mitochondrial mRNAs in yeast arise by processing of polygenic primary transcripts at a conserved dodecamer sequence (5′-AAUAAPyAUUCUU-3′). Previous results indicated that processing at dodecamer sites interrupted the sequence implying that it functioned primarily as a signal for 3′ end formation of mRNAs. We have determined the precise cleavage site for RNAs processed at the dodecamer sequences associated with the oli1 gene and the ω intron of the 21S rRNA gene. In both cases cleavage occurred two bases downstream of the site. Hydrolysis left the PO4 group attached to the 3′ terminus of the cleavage products. These results demonstrate for the first time that mature mitochondrial mRNAs terminate with an intact dodecamer sequence. In light of the recent identification of a protein complex within mitochondria that binds to RNAs terminating with an intact dodecamer sequence, these results support the idea that the dodecamer sequence functions not only within pre-mRNAs as a processing site, but within mature mRNAs as well, possibly for the stabilization and/or translation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1385-1385 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1-20 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 81-100 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 161-180 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 261-280 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1273-1277 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome II ; SUP45 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The nucleotide sequence of a fragment of 2728 base pairs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II has been determined. The sequence contains two open reading frames, one of them being incomplete. Deletion mutants of YBR11.21 are viable. YBR11.20 is identical to the recessive omnipotent suppressor SUP45 (SUP1).
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 1287-1298 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome III ; protein sequence analysis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The recently published sequence of yeast chromosome III (YCIII) provides the longest continuous stretch of a eukaryotic DNA molecule sequenced to date (315 kb). The sequence contains 116 distinct AUG-initiated open reading frames of at least 200 codons in length, more than 50 of which had not been described previously nor bear significant similarity to known proteins. We have analysed the YCIII known and putative-protein sequences with respect to significant statistical features which might reflect on structural and functional characteristics. The YCIII proteins have striking similarities and differences in their sequence attribute distributions compared to the corresponding distributions for all available yeast sequences and other protein collections. Nine examples of YCIII proteins with distinctive sequence features are discussed in detail.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 33-42 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Heat shock ; stress response ; cell cycle ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Rapidly growing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are sensitive to heat shock, while non-growing stationary phase cells are highly resistant. We find that slowly growing cells have an intermediate degree of heat shock resistance that can be nearly as great as that of stationary phase cells. This resistance is correlated both with slow growth and with carbon catabolite derepression. Slowly growing cells also showed resistance to Zymolyase digestion of their cell walls. The stress resistance is a property of all the cells in the culture, and cell cycle position makes little difference to the degree of stress resistance. At least some of the properties normally associated with stationary phase cells do not require residence in stationary phase or any other particular compartment of the cell cycle. Stress resistance may be due to a diverse set of physiological adaptations available to cells regardless of their position in the cell cycle. That is, although stress resistance and stationary phase are often correlated, neither is the cause of the other.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Double-stranded RNA ; killer system ; 20S RNA ; MAK11 ; TPR repeat ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: SKI8 is a yeast antiviral gene, essential for controlling the propagation of M double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and thus for preventing virus-induced cytopathology. Our DNA sequence of SKI8 shows that it encodes a 397 amino acid protein containing two copies of a 31 amino acid repeat pattern first identified in mammalian β-transducin and Cdc4p of yeast. There are also four copies of this repeat in yeast Mak11p, necessary for M dsRNA propagation, and three copies in the putative product of the Dictyostelium AAC3 gene. Analysis of 36 cases of the repeat unit shows they have a consensus predicted structure: N-helix-sheet-turn-sheet-turn-sheet-helix-C.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993) 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 315-330 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Pichia ; cactophilic yeasts ; rDNA ; restriction mapping ; phylogeny ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The rDNAs of strains of the cactophilic Pichia species P. amethionina, P. antillensis, P. barkeri, P. cactophila, P. caribaea, P. deserticola, P. heedii, P. kluyveri, P. norvegensis, P. opuntiae, P. pseudocactophila, P. thermotolerans and their varieties and anamorphs were mapped with 15 restriction endonucleases, and compared to P. membranaefaciens and P. salictaria as possible non-cactophilic relatives. The existence of species complexes among those taxa was confirmed. P. membranaefaciens was a plausible ancestral species, and its closest relative in the cactophilic group was P. deserticola. These two species appeared to be moderately related to P. heedii and to P. barkeri, but the latter was shown clearly to belong to the P. kluyveri complex, in spite of a 6 mol% G+C difference in their nuclear DNAs. P. cactophila and P. pseudocactophila ostensibly emerged from P. norvegensis, a facultatively cactophilic yeast. The P. amethionina, P. cactophila and P. opuntiae species complexes appeared independent from one another and from all other species studied. P. salictaria did not appear to be related to P. amethionina.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 371-378 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; flocculation ; onset ; lectin ; cycloheximide ; heat activation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Yeast flocculation involves binding of surface lectins to carbohydrate receptors on neighbouring cell walls. Brewing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae normally become flocculent in the stationary phase of growth. This paper presents evidence that lectins are synthesized in exponential phase, inserted into the cell wall, and activated later at the time of flocculation onset.Cycloheximide failed to prevent flocculation unless it was added in early growth; with later additions progressively larger degrees of flocculation occurred. Flocculation onset was delayed by cycloheximide but was otherwise cycloheximide insensitive. Preflocculent cells could be artificially activated to full flocculation by heat. Artificial activation of samples from growing yeast cultures confirmed the progressive synthesis of lectins throughout exponential growth. Pronase E treatment of whole cells prior to heating prevented any activation of flocculation.It was concluded that lectins were synthesized continuously from an early stage of growth and rapidly inserted into the cell wall (accessible by pronase E), where they remained inactive for up to 14 h, before being activated at flocculation onset by an as-yet unknown mechanism. It was found that lectin synthesis and activation occurred in all brewing strains tested.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 411-418 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): L-A virus ; non-Mendelian genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast killer system ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The cytoplasmically inherited M double-stranded (ds) RNA genome segment of killer virus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is heat-curable in some yeast strains but not in others. Temperature sensitivity is conferred on both M1 and M2 dsRNA satellite virus segments by the L-A-HN allele of the killer helper virus genome, but not by the L-A-H allele. Both diploidy and mating type heterozygosity of the host cell are also correlated with increased virus curability.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 433-440 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: No abstract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 53-58 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): rDNA cluster ; pulsed-field electrophoresis ; yeast ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: By employing pulsed-field gel electrophoresis we have determined the size of the rDNA cluster in wild-type yeast strains representing genera of Candida, Kluyveromyces, Pachysolen, Schizosaccharomyces and Torulaspora. Although the genome size of the examined species is similar (12·3-13·9 Mb), at least a four-fold variation has been observed between the lowest amount of rDNA repeats in P. tannophilus (28) and the highest in C. glabrata and S. poombe (〉 115).In two species the rDNA cluster is represented by two loci, residing either in one (S. pombe) or two chromosomes (C. glabrata).
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 99-99 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: No abstract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Kluyveromyces lactis ; cytochrome c gene ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The complete sequence of a cytochrome c gene from Kluyveromyces lactis including its upstream region is reported. Sequence of the translated open reading frame is discussed in terms of cytochrome c structural requirements. Putative regulatory signals in the upstream region are described and compared with reported sequences which modulate the expression of respiratory-related yeast genes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 205-212 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: No abstract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Exoglucanase (β)-glucosidase ; secretion ; glycosylation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In addition to exoglucanases (EXGs) I and II, old cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae secreted into the culture medium a new immunologically-related material that exhibited exoglucanase activity. The new exoglucanase (EXGII1/2) was purified from stationary-phase cultures. It turned out to be a glycoprotein whose protein portion was identical to that of the other two isoenzymes in terms of ionic properties, size, amino acid composition and NH2-terminal sequence (25 residues). Disruption of the structural gene encoding EXGs I and II resulted in a strain unable to secrete all three isoenzymes. EXGII1/2 was indistinguishable in terms of molecular weight from the single intermediate detected during the deglycosylation (mediated by endo H) of EXGII by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thus, the new isoenzyme contains only one of the two slightly elongated mannan inner cores present in enzyme II. Two intermediates were, however, detected when the deglycosylation of EXGII was monitored by ion-exchange chromatography (high-pressure liquid chromatography). Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the major intermediate, which eluted at about the same position as enzyme II1/2, corresponded to protein molecules carrying the oligosaccharide attached to the Asn of the second sequon, whereas the minor one carried the oligosaccharide in the first potential glycosylation site. Several lines of evidence indicate that EXGII1/2 is a biosynthetic product resulting from an imbalance between the rate of protein synthesis and the glycosylation capabilities of the glycosylation machinery.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 761-770 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; activation of glycolysis ; signalling ; cyclic AMP ; fructose-2,6-bisphosphate ; phosphofructokinase ; phosphoglucose isomerase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The glycolytic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is activated by fermentable sugars at several steps. Mutants with deletions of genes coding for enzymes of the upper part of glycolysis were used to characterize the triggering mechanisms. Synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphophate is catalysed by two 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase isoenzymes, one of which is activated by fermentable sugars while synthesis of the second enzyme is induced (Kretschmer and Fraenkel, 1991). Increase in the level of fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate is demonstrated to depend on an internal metabolite upstream of the phosphoglucose isomerase reaction. The signalling process correlates with distinct temporal changes in the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate but not with its absolute level, indicating an adaptational mechanism. It is independent of the uptake and phosphorylation systems used by different sugars. Interestingly, this increase, although delayed, could also be observed in strains lacking the rapid cAMP increase after sugar addition which is thought to be responsible for the activating process. Synthesis of glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P is needed for the complete induction of pyruvate kinase and inactivation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. On the other hand, induction of pyruvate decarboxylase depends mainly on a signal in the lower part of glycolysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 783-785 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Multicopy vector ; yeast ; formaldehyde ; hyper-resistance ; transformant selection ; vector stability ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Formaldehyde (FA), a chemical with low toxic potential, is used as sole selective agent for transformation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Neither stable auxotrophic markers in recipient cells nor defined synthetic media are needed when multicopy vector YFRp1, containing the yeast SFA gene, is employed for yeast transformation. The SFA gene gives stability to the vector and its yeast (and other) passenger genes when transformants are propagated in complex media supplemented with 3-5 mM-FA. Use of inexpensive FA and non-synthetic, undefined media will lower the cost of yeast transformant propagation considerably and thus make feasible large-volume industrial application of transformants containing YFRp1 derivatives.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 815-823 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; flow cytometry ; cell protein distribution ; cell cycle model ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 859-866 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Flocculation ; cell wall ; thermal stress ; Kluyveromyces marxianus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: An upshift of the growth temperature from 26 to 40°C in the presence of calcium leads to the aggregation of Kluyveromyces marxianus cells and to the formation of flocs. Analysis of cell wall proteins, either by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of extractable mannoproteins or by immunolocalization, revealed an accumulation of a protein with Mr 37 kDa (p37), upon flocculation. Immunological studies confirmed the homology of this protein with the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). When mRNA isolated from cells growing at 40°C was translated in vitro, a 35 kDa newly labelled protein was synthesized and immunoprecipitation assays showed that this protein is recognized by p37-antiserum, suggesting that the 35 kDa polypeptide might be an unglycosylated precursor form of p37. The results indicated that the presence of this cell wall mannoprotein closely related to GAPDH is dependent on the growth temperature, suggesting its role as adhesin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 9 (1993), S. 875-887 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; Candida albicans ; Secretion ; Gene Cloning ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The SEC18 gene product is required for protein transport at different stages in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae secretory pathway. The homologous SEC18 gene from Candida albicans has been cloned by complementation of a sec18-1 S. cerevisiae thermosensitive mutant using a C. albicans genomic library in YRp7. Sequence analysis of the gene revealed a 2382-bp open reading frame which coded for a protein of 88 926 kDa. By an in vitro transcription-translation coupled reaction of the C. albicans SEC18 gene, a protein of approximately 85 kDa was obtained. Hydrophobicity analysis of the protein did not show any predicted signal sequence nor transmembrane anchor domain. These results and the fact that glycosylation was absent in the protein indicated that C. albicans Sec18p did not enter in the secretory pathway. The alignment of the amino acid sequence revealed that the SEC18 gene from C. albicans was homologous to the SEC18 from S. cerevisiae (50% amino acid identity) and to the gene that coded the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) protein (43% amino acid identity). Moreover, the C. albicans Sec18p also showed the putative ATP binding site present in S. cerevisiae Sec18p and in NSF.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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