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  • 1980-1984  (2,657)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1920-1924
  • Physics  (2,657)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regularities in x-ray scattering patterns from amorphous polymersMMI contribution No. 217. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 2043-2050 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It is known that the x-ray scattering pattern of an amorphous polymer may contain one or more halos corresponding to van der Waals spacings or larger. In this work we found that (i) the halo positions (and equivalent Bragg spacings) vary systematically with the cross-sectional area of the polymer chain in the crystal and (ii) there are at least two families of such halos with spacings larger than that of van der Waals contacts of atoms. From the wide variety and nature of the polymers considered, this behavior is believed to be representative of the amorphous state existing in polymeric samples. This work indicates that there is a degree of packing regularity in amorphous polymers that should be considered in models and theories of polymer chain conformation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221204
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the longitudinal acoustic mode in linear aliphatic polyesters (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 2185-2194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Two intense modes are observed in the low-frequency Raman spectra of as-grown and annealed linear aliphatic polyester single crystals. Our experimental data in conjunction with theoretical normal mode calculations of several model oligomers reveal the two bands observed to be vibrations of the longitudinal acoustic mode type. The unbalanced mass units associated with the ester groups couple the transverse and longitudinal motions, giving rise to the multiple modes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221216
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real time small-angle x-ray scattering during annealing of polymer single crystals (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 367-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Experiments at the Cornell high energy synchrotron source (CHESS) have shown that it is possible to obtain 2-D small-angle x-ray scattering patterns from single crystal mats of high density polyethylene with a time resolution of 0.3 s. However, it took up to 5 s to heat the 0.1-mm-thick specimen to the annealing temperature. A logarithmic increase of long spacing was quickly established, after an induction time of 〈2 s at the higher annealing temperatures. At lower temperatures the original reflection remains, weakening, while a continuous scatter to smaller angles builds up. At 10-20 s annealing time a new maximum becomes clear, and then the logarithmic increase of long spacing begins. The intensity of this reflection is intially low and increases with annealing time. On cooling it decreases again. It seems that here we can directly observe two mechanisms of lamellar thickening, melting then recrystallization at short times and diffusional thickening at long times.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220304
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-diffusion in polymer-solvent-solvent systems (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 459-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The ternary self-diffusion data of Ferguson and von Meerwall are analyzed using a generalized form of the free-volume theory of diffusion proposed by Vrentas and Duda. It is shown that the predicative capabilities of this form of the theory are satisfactory and comparable to those of the Fujita version. The lack of significant differences in the predictive capabilities of the two theories for the two ternary systems studied is explained in terms of the properties of the materials utilized. The data of Ferguson and von Meerwall are consistent with the hypothesis that the size of a polymer jumping unit is a fixed property of the polymer and that the jumping units for sufficiently large n-paraffins are smaller than the entire solvent molecule.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220308
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Birefringence of high-pressure injection-molded high-density polyethylene at 70.5 μm wavelength (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 471-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A newly constructed far-infrared laser interferometer was used to measure the birefringence of 1-mm-thick injection-molded high-density polyethylene test bars, manufactured at unusually high molding pressures. The long wavelength used, 70.5 μm, allowed nondestructive tests to be made, demonstrating the usefulness of far-infrared techniques for probing crystalline polymers. The birefringence was shown to increase with increasing molding pressure, supporting the belief that molecular orientation increases with increasing molding pressure. The tensile modulus was also measured and was found to increase linearly with molding pressure.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220309
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The drawing behavior of polyethylene copolymers (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 475-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The tensile drawing behavior of a range of selected polyethylene copolymers has been studied. Sheets were prepared by quenching molten polymer into cold water. Two-centimeter-gauge-length samples were then drawn in air at 75 or 115°C in an Instron tensile testing machine at a crosshead speed of 10 cm/min. It was found that even at the very low concentration of one side branch per 1000 carbon atoms there was a very marked effect on the strain hardening behavior and the maximum draw ratio that could be achieved. The reduction in draw ratio increased with increasing branch concentration, and long branches were more effective than short branches in limiting the draw ratios achieved. The similarity between these effects and the effects of increasing M̄w or radiation crosslinking is noteworthy. This suggests that even a very small concentration of branches can significantly reduces the moleculer motions required for the process of plastic deformation. The Young's modulus/draw ratio relationship follows a pattern virtually identical to that observed in the case of homopolymers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220310
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model calculations of the distribution function of molecular weight and chemical composition of binary statistical copolymers (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 501-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Model calculations based on the kinetics of free-radical copolymerization were carried out for the distribution functions of molecular weight and chemical composition, and for heterogeneity parameters of statistical copolymers. The calculations were conducted so as to depict the dependence of the heterogeneity parameters on the degree of conversion and to make possible an estimate of the maximal heterogeneity of statistical copolymers at given monomer reactivity ratios and rate constants. A comparison of the results obtained with a critical analysis of the feasibility of the determination of heterogeneity parameters by light scattering has revealed that, for statistical co polymers, this method can in principle be used with satisfactory accuracy only with samples of high degree of conversion and high molecular weight. The frequently used approximation P = 0 cannot be applied with out careful verification.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220312
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in superstructure of drawn isotactic polypropylene with annealing: A two-dimensional small-angle x-ray analysis (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 485-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Two-dimensional small-angle x-ray (SAXS) analysis is extended and applied to isotactic polypropylene cold-drawn and annealed near the melting point. The SAXS intensity down to very small angles is detected by a high-resolution point-collimation camera. The SAXS fiber pattern, exhibiting only one meridional reflection and continuous scattering on the equator, shows that the microparacrystallites (“bricks” of the macrolattice) are densely packed together laterally into finite extended layers. The drawing process increases the ultrafibrillar characteristics of the samples and annealing increases their lamellar character. Annealing is carried out at a temperature near the melting point with the ends of the samples fixed so that recrystallization under strain takes place. The volume crystallinity increases on annealing from 32 to 57%. The SAXS results are in good agreement with NMR results; nevertheless the ideal paracrystal model assumption is, in the present case, not quite consistent with the results.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220311
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion during the immersion precipitation process (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 519-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220313
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of relative rate constants of reactions on polymers from the triad distribution data (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 525-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220314
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of electron-irradiated polysulfones (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 529-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220315
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic modulus of syntactic foams (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 535-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220316
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isothermal melting behavior of poly(L-lactic acid) (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 537-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The isothermal melting behavior of poly(L-lactic acid) spherulites has been studied in order to understand the mechanism of melting using hot-stage microscopy. When the periphery of the spherulite melts or shrinks, the central portion undergoes thickening as a result of which the melting or shrinking rate is not linear. Annealing studies at 448 K reveal that there is an increase in melting temperature and heat of fusion with annealing time, suggesting an increase in lamellar thickness. The high activation energy (828 kJ/mol) obtained in this investigation suggests the highly complex nature of the melting process wherein both melting and thickening occur.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220401
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crazing in polyethylene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 543-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The tensile stress - strain curves of various types of polyethylene were compared from 77 to 298 K in nitrogen, isopentane, and the inert environment of helium at various strain rates. It was found that in general polyethylene crazes in a gas such as nitrogen at a temperature below 1.6 times its boiling point and in isopentane. Although the behavior of polyethylenes is similar to that of other polymers with regard to crazing in gases at low temperatures, they are in general less sensitive to the gas. The decrease in tensile strength of polyethylene in an environmental gas increases with crystallinity. The differences in the intrinsic low-temperature brittle fracture stress are attributed to differences in the density of tie molecules. The intrinsic yield point at room temperature showed the usual increase with increasing crystallinity, but all the polyethylenes have the same yield point below the γ transition temperature.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220402
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creep behavior of ultrahigh-modulus polyethylene: Influence of draw ratio and polymer composition (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 561-575 
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    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The creep behavior of ultrahigh-modulus polyethylene monofilaments has been studied over the temperature range 20-70°C. A wide range of samples was examined in an attempt to determine the influence of draw ratio, molecular weight, copolymerization, and crosslinking by γ irradiation Prior to drawing. Results are also presented for a solution-spun fiber. It is proposed that the permanent flow creep arises from a combination of two creep processes, one of which is associated with the crystalline regions of the oriented structure and the other with a molecular network.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220403
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscometric behavior of mesomorphic ethyl cellulose solution in chloroform (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 637-646 
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    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A simple modification of the viscometer used to determine the viscosity of concentrated solutions is described which permits the ready measurement of viscosity versus shear rate behavior above room temperature. Basic experimental viscometry was performed on the ethyl cellulose-chloroform system using a B-type (Brookfield-like) rotating-cylinder viscometer. Data are compared with theoretical predictions. The flow curves exhibit yield stress at low shear rate. The yield stress is dependent on concentration and temperature. The viscosity versus concentration curves show typical mesomorphic behavior. The concentration dependences of viscosity and yield stress are similar. The critical concentration increases with temperature. In the single-phase region (isotropic or anisotropic state) the viscosity decreases with temperature and the apparent activation energy (Ea) for flow is positive, but in the biphasic range the viscosity increases with temperature and Ea is negative. The experimental results for the critical concentration appear to agree with Flory's theory of rodlike molecules when the ratio of persistence length to diameter of the chain is taken as the aspect ratio.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220407
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of ordered structures of syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) in solution and in the solid state (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 617-635 
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    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: From analysis of infrared spectra it was found that in syndiotactic (s) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in solution, long s sequences contain an increased population of diads with a skeletal conformation tt (in the staggered approximation). Self-aggregation of s-PMMA in solution leads to a further increase of the fraction of long s sequences in the extended chain conformation, and to an ordering of easter groups. When solid s-PMMA is isolated from a solution in which it exists in the aggregated state, these characteristics are preserved in the solid. The polymer appears partially crystalline by x-ray scattering, and it exhibits fibrillar morphology under the electron microscope. Ordered structures of s-PMMA melt at temperatures about 150°C, while the presence of residual solvent decreases the temperature of melting. Solid s-PMMA obtained from solutions in which aggregation of the polymer does not take place, like s-PMMA which did not come into contact with solvent, contains a higher proportion of syndiotactic diads with a skeletal conformation tg; these samples are amorphous and morphologically structureless. Analogies between the structure of ordered s-PMMA and the structure of the PMMA stereocomplex are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220406
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR study of polyethylene crystallization kinetics under high pressure (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 655-667 
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    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Crystallization of polyethylene under hydrostatic pressures of 1-4.5 kbar is directly observed using pulsed proton NMR. The rate of growth of extended-chain polyethylene crystals is measured over this pressure range and to a maximum temperature of 227°C. The observed crystallization isotherms are superimposable on a log time scale; this implies a consistent mechanism for extended-chain growth over this pressure range. Avrami coefficients for high-pressure extended-chain crystallization are determined to be 1.3-1.7. A decrease of crystal nucleus surface free energies with increasing pressure is indicated. Findings are consistent with Wunderlich's model of initial folded-chain crystallization followed immediately by chain extension. Future applications of this NMR technique are briefly considered.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220409
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization kinetics for poly(ethylene terephthalate) oriented by solid-state coextrusion (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1163-1171 
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    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of uniaxially drawn films has been prepared from isotropic, amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by using solid-state coextrusion below its Tg. To evaluating the crystallization behavior of the coextrudates, the cold-crystallization temperature Tc, Crystallization rate constant k, and activation energy Ea have been studied as a function of extrusion draw temperature and draw ratio. The rapid crystallization of highly oriented amorphous PET in extrudates was followed by a temperature-programmed DSC technique. This avoids the marked precrystallization often found in samples brought to appropriate isothermal temperatures. With increasing extrusion draw ratio, Tc shifts to lower temperatures, the first-order crystallization rate constant k increases markedly (by two or three orders of magnitude) and Ea decreases markedly. For undrawn samples annealing at temperatures below or near Tg (50-70°C) does not lead to crystallization, but with increased annealing temperature both Tc and Ea decrease. In contrast, for extrusion-drawn PET, both Tc and Ea increase with draw temperature. All these features are consistent with our previous correlations with molecular draw ratio and birefringence.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220702
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization in stretched and unstretched EPDM elastomersPresented in part at a meeting of the Rubber Divisiom, American Chemical Society, Toronto, 1983. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1223-1238 
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    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Elastomeric networks were prepared from ethylene-propylene-diene (DPDM) terpolymers containing 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene as the diene monomer incorporated to facilitate crosslinking. Such materials, although highly elastomeric, show some crystallinity over much of the compositional range and thus an understanding of their mechanical properties requires characterization of this crystallinity in both the stretched and unstretched states. The properties and techniques used in the present investigation for this purpose were differential scanning calorimetry, stress-strain isotherms (at various extension rates), stress-temperature coefficients, birefringence and stress-optical coefficients, polarized light microscopy, small-angle light scattering, and wide-angle x-ray scattering. Correlations of the various types of results obtained are used to elucidate the dependence of EPDM network crystallization on composition, strain, and temperature. It was found to be particularly important to use a wide variety of techniques to provide a reliable characterization of the poorly developed crystallinity present in typical EPDM elastomers.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220707
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow-dependent rejection of polystyrene from microporous membranes (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1261-1281 
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    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dilute solutions of polystyrene (molecular weight 1 × 105-2 × 107) in a mixed solvent of 90% carbon tetrachloride-10% methanol were filtered through track-etched porous mica membranes. The reflection coefficient σ, defined as the fraction of polymer held back by the membrane, was measured as a function of polymer size rs, pore radius ro, and solvent flow rate q through each pore. Polymer size was characterized by the Stokes-Einstein radius, as determined from diffusion coefficients measured by quasielastic light scattering, and chain relaxation times τ were estimated from measured intrinsic viscosities. In the case of chains whose unperturbed radius was smaller than the pore, σ depended on the ratio rs/ro in the manner predicted by a hard-sphere theory, as long as \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \gamma \tau 〈 〈 1 $\end{document}, where \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \gamma $\end{document} is the mean rate of strain of solvent at the pore entrance. However, when the polymer chains exceeded the pore in size, σ depended on flow rate and decreased from almost unity, at small q, toward zero at high q. The relationship between σ and q was nearly independent of polymer and pore size, consistent with a theory based on scaling concepts of how polymer chains deform at the entrance of a pore, but the reduction in σ as q increased was very gradual and did not exhibit the sharp transition predicted by the theory. We were able to empirically correlate all the data for σ when rs 〉 ro by a single similarity variable \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \theta = {{({{r_s} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{r_s} {r_0}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {r_0}})} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{({{r_s} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{r_s} {r_0}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {r_0}})} {(\dot \gamma \tau)^n}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {(\dot \gamma \tau)^n}} \sim ({{r_s} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{r_s} {r_0}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {r_0}})^{1 - 3n} q^{- n} $\end{document}; a least-squares fit gave n = 0.33, showing that σ is insensitive to polymer size for large chains.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180220710
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  • 122
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    Properties and chain flexibility of poly(dl-isobornyl methacrylate) (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1745-1751 
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    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The glass transition temperature and characteristic ratio of poly(dl-isobornyl methacrylate) have been determined. The results indicate that in the case of certain polymethacrylates the chain flexibility depends mostly on the bulkiness of the side group, while the glass transition temperatures depend mostly on side-group rigidity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221004
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  • 123
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    Dependence of the elastomeric properties of bimodal networks on the lengths and amounts of the short chains (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1849-1855 
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    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Bimodal elastomeric networks were synthesized by tetrafunctionally end-linking very short and relatively long hydroxyl-terminated chains of poly(dimethylsiloxane). Decrease in the molecular weight of the short chains (from 880 to 660 to 460 g mol-1) generally results in significant increases in ultimate strength and energy for rupture. Decrease in the number of short chains, however, causes these two quantities to go through a maximum. Too many short chains gives essentially a brittle thermoset, and this precludes any upturn in the modulus from the limited extensibility of the short chains. Having too few short chains makes their limited extensibility irrelevant since the entire macroscopic deformation can then be taken up by the long chains present in the network.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221101
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    Miscible blends of amorphous polymers (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1857-1870 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thirty-five polymethacrylate/chlorinated polymer blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Poly(ethyl), poly(n-propyl), poly(n-butyl), and poly(n-amyl methacrylate)s were found to be miscible with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), chlorinated PVC, and Saran, but immiscible with a chlorinated polyethylene containing 48% chlorine. Poly(methyl) (PMMA), poly(n-hexyl) (PHMA), and poly(n-lauryl methacrylate)s were found to be immiscible with the same chlorinated polymers, except the PMMA/PVC, PMMA/Saran, and PHMA/Saran blends, which were miscible. A high chlorine content of the chlorinated polymer and an optimum CH2/COO ratio of the polymethacrylate are required to obtain miscibility. However, poly(methyl), poly(ethyl), poly(n-butyl), and poly(n-octadecyl acrylate)s were found to be immiscible with the same chlorinated polymers, except with Saran, indicating a much greater miscibility of the polymethacrylates with the chlorinated polymers as compared with the polyacrylates.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221102
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  • 125
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    Interpretation of anomalous sorption kinetics in polymer-penetrant systems in terms of a time-dependent solubility coefficient (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1885-1900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A formulation of the molecular relaxation model of anomalous diffusion in polymers, in terms of a time-dependent solubility coefficient, which was previously introduced and studied by us, is discussed here in greater detail. A full account of the methods of application of the treatment is given and the prediction of typical absorption and desorption kinetic features characteristic of glassy polymer-good swelling agent systems, including Case II absorption, is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221104
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  • 126
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    High-resolution electron microscopy of polyethylene and paraffin crystals: Stability in the electron beam (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1931-1951 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Uncollapsed polyethylene pyramids (200-1500 Å) in length are irradiated with the electron beam of a 100-kV transmission electron microscope. Their high stability is remarkable compared to the stability of 1-10 μm crystals collapsed on the substrate, usually taken as a reference. Therefore, the maximum magnifications (300,000-750,000 X) of the microscope can be used and high-resolution images can be obtained. No lattice defects can be detected in the images of PE pyramids. Irradiation with Dc 〉 800 C/m2 induces the orthorhombic → hexagonal transition, and slight lattice distortions appear in the high-resolution image of the hexagonal phase. For an irradiation dose Dc ≈ 2400 C/M2, the diffraction pattern disappears. Normal C36 orthorhombic and monoclinic paraffins have the same stability as orthorhombic PE and high-resolution patterns are obtained. These exceptional stabilities are discussed in detail. From the diffraction pattern of these uncollapsed pyramids, the fold surfaces of PE pyramids have been indexed as the {111} and paracrystalline distortions in the orthorhombic PE have been measured at low irradiation dose. Along the a and b axes g is ca. 5% and along the chain axis c it is ca. 17%; these values agree with the previous x-ray determinations of PE crystallized from the melt. The large difference between these two distortion factors may be interpreted in terms of packing.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221107
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  • 127
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    The role of molecular diffusion in the adhesion of elastomers (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1953-1968 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Butyl rubber (polyisobutylene-co-isoprene) mixed with polyisobutylene was crosslinked to yield elastomeric macromolecular networks containing dissolved linear macromolecules. Adhesion of these materials to themselves (self-adhesion) and to an inert substrate was investigated over a wide range of peel rates and test temperatures. Greatly enhanced self-adhesion was found when linear polyisobutylene molecules of high molecular weight were present, but the strength of adhesion to a rigid inert substrate was hardly affected. The enhancement of self-adhesion is attributed to interdiffusion of polyisobutylene molecules. It was greatest at intermediate peel rates and temperatures, becoming insignificant at extremely low rates, probably because the diffusing species can then migrate readily, and at high effective rates of peel when the polymer approaches the glassy state and the strength of adhesion is high in all cases. A transition to somewhat lower levels of adhesion at relatively high rates of peel is tentatively ascribed to the onset of molecular fracture in place of pullout. The presence of large amounts of low-molecular-weight polyisobutylene (M̄v = 50,000 g/mol) increased the level of self-adhesion and of adhesion to an inert substrate to a similar degree, over a broad range of peel rates. This effect is attributed primarily to enhanced viscous losses in the elastomeric layer during separation. Application of these results to crack and weld-line healing in glassy plastics is discussed.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221108
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  • 128
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    Molecular aggregation and mechanical properties of Kapton H (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1979-1985 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Molecular aggregation of Kapton H (KH) was investigated by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Superstructure parameters were estimated using a one-dimensional model, taking into account that the SAXS from KH is anisotropic out of the film plane. The results show that KH has a two-phase structure with a volume ratio of the ordered to the less-ordered phase of about 1:1. The β dispersion in dynamic mechanical properties is reasonably ascribed to oscillations of p-phenylene groups in the main chain.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221110
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  • 129
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    Crystallinity and thermal properties of polyamides containing cis- and trans-1,3-cyclohexane rings (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 1969-1977 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The cyclohexane ring-containing polyamide 1,3-CBMA-6 was synthesized from 1,3-cyclohexane-bismethylamine (1,3-CBMA) and adipic acid (6), and effects of cis/trans isomers of the ring on crystallinity and thermal properties were studied. Polymers with high cis and high trans contents, respectively, were made by polymerizing the 1,3-CBMA-6 salts of 98% cis and 93% trans derived from the salt of 75/25 (cis/trans) by fractional crystallization. A polymer with 97% cis content was highly crystalline, with a melting temperature of 253°C, while one with 93% trans contents was amorphous. In contrast to this, little difference was found in the glass transition temperature of 97 and 84°C. These results indicate that the isomers affect the conformation of the molecular chains, which determines the crystallinity and melting temperature, but they do not much affect the mobility of the chains as manifested by the glass transition.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221109
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  • 130
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    Interactions of a sulfonated ionomer with surfactant in nonaqueous media (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 2051-2062 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The viscometric behavior of dilute solutions of the sodium salt of sulfonated polystyrene (0-6 mol % sulfonation level), with and without surfactant, is investigated to determine the extent of interaction as the structure of the solvent surfactant, and polymer concentration is varied. Reduced viscosity measurements confirm that formation of a polymer-surfactant complex in a relatively polar solvent is controlled to a large extent by charge-charge and hydrophobic forces. The magnitude of these specific interactions is dependent upon the relative polarity of the solvent medium. In a polar solvent, such as dimethylsulfoxide, the hydrophobic forces are strong enough to prevent expansion of the polymer chain at all surfactant concentrations studied. However, in a less polar medium (as in dimethylformamide) the hydrophobic forces are weaker and cannot prevent some chain expansion. It is interesting to note that in this solvent the polystyrene-cationic surfactant complex exhibits a polyelectrolyte effect. Finally, in a lower-polarity medium (cyclohexanone) where the hydrophobic forces are weak, solution behavior is dominated by the interaction of the surfactant with the intramolecular sulfonate ion-pair aggregates.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221205
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  • 131
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    Chemical healing in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 2095-2104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new molecular mechanism for the healing phenomenon in semicrystalline linear polycondensates (healing resulting from chemical reactions between macromolecules located in the interfacial surface) is demonstrated. Strips of commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate) are annealed at 258°C in order to avoid melt sticking. Two such strips are partially overlapped, pressed, and heated in a vacuum at 240°C for 10, 20, 30, and 100 h. By measuring the stress at break outside the contact area and the debonding shear stress the critical overlapping length is computed. It is concluded that transreaction contributes more than solid-state post-condensation to chemical healing.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221208
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  • 132
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    Heterogeneous nucleation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 2063-2072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of various metal salts as nucleating additives for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been investigated. In the case of sodium benzoate and probably for all other effective nucleating additives, the nucleation process can be divided into a “heterogeneous particle nucleation” performed by the unreacted salt and a “homogeneous nucleation” due to the polymer-sodium (metal) salt formed during the extrusion. This polymer-sodium (metal) salt is the major nucleating agent in these systems. We have also shown the fundamental difference between the concept of a nucleating additive and that of a nucleating agent.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221206
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  • 133
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    EXAFS analysis of the structure of ionomer microdomains (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 2073-2093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements were used to determine the near-neighbor environment of the neutralizing cation in several ionomer system. The observed structure is compared to that existing in analogous low-molecular-weight crystalline salts. A wide variety in the degree of local order was observed between different systems even though all exhibit similar small-angle x-ray scattering curves indicating the existence of ionic microdomains.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221207
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    Anomalous viscosity behavior of some poly(methyl methacrylate)s prepared by anionic polymerization (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 2105-2118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of poly(methyl methacrylate)s with molecular weights in the range 3.0 × 104-1.03 × 106 have been prepared by anionic polymerization and their limiting viscosity numbers determined in a variety of solvents. It was found that whereas the higher-molecular-weight polymers behaved normally, the lower-molecular-weight polymers showed anomalous behavior. First, the limiting viscosity numbers of the lower-molecular-weight polymers were much higher than expected, and, second, their number-average molecular weights as measured by gel permeation chromatography were considerably smaller than those determined by membrane osmometry.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221209
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  • 135
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    Preparation, fractionation, and dilute-solution behavior of ABA poly(methyl methacrylate-b-α-methylstyrene) block copolymers (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 2119-2138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The preparation by anionic polymerization of six ABA poly(methyl methacrylate-b-α-methylstyrene) block copolymers and of sixteen poly(α-methylstyrene)s is described. The block copolymers, of similar molecular weight but with different chemical compositions, were fractionated by preparative gel permeation chromatography and their behavior in dilute solution was investigated using viscometry. The results obtained indicate that the intramolecular phase separation does not occur under the conditions utilized, the block copolymers assuming randomcoil configurations in all of the copolymer/solvent systems studied. Consequently the block copolymer molecules are more expanded than homopolymers of the same molecular weight. The series of poly(α-methylstyrene)s covered the molecular weight range 2.7 × 103-1.3 × 106 and enabled the determination of Mark-Houwink-Sakurada constants for poly(α-methylstyrene) in the solvents chosen for the block copolymer studies.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221210
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  • 136
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    Analysis of the hysteresis curve of ferroelectric polymers by a phenomenological relaxation theory (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 2139-2144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A simple relaxation theory for the displacement versus electric field hysteresis of ferroelectric polymers is developed in which the relaxation time is assumed to be a function of electric field, as has been experimentally evidenced by polarization-reversal switching. The theory gives an analytical expression for the hysteresis curve. The coercive field Ec predicted by the theory agrees well with data on Ec as a function of temperature for poly(vinylidene fluoride) from -60 to 20°C and with data on Ec as a function of frequency for vinylidene fluoride/trifluoroethylene copolymer (73/27 molar ratio) at 20°C over the range 0.01-0.7 Hz.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221211
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  • 137
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    Small-angle polarized light scattering from amorphous spheres (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 2159-2163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle light-scattering measurements have been made using micron-diameter isotropic and spherical polymer latex particles placed between crossed polarizers. Four-leaf clover patterns are obtained, reminiscent of those commonly found for spherical birefringent scatterers. The experimental results compare closely with predictions of Mie scattering theory for isotropic spheres.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221213
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    Phase separation phenomena in solutions of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide). IV. Thermodynamic parameters for solutions in a series of homologous solvents: Toluene to hexylbenzene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 2145-2157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Melting-point curves for solutions of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) in a series of homologous solvents (toluene to n-hexylbenzene) have been obtained from visual and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The measured melting points were used to calculate thermodynamic interaction parameters. It was found that consistent values were obtained with the Flory-Hoffman melting-point depression equation, if the assumption was made that solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice. To this end, an adapted dependence of the enthalpy of melting per polymer unit on the cocrystallizing solvent was used. The values of the thermodynamic interaction parameters in the series of solvents and their dependence on polymer weight fraction are explained qualitatively with simplified versions of equation-of-state theory and solubility parameter theory.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221212
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  • 139
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    Synthesis and conductivity of poly acene quinone radical polymers (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 2243-2260 
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    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymers with conductivities from 8.6 × 100 to 7.3 × 10-6 (ω cm)-1 at 2-12 kbar were prepared by zinc-chloride-catalyzed condensation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocycles, and quinones with pyromellitic dianhydride, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride at 450°C. These materials are stable in air and exhibit strong electroactive character without addition of oxidizing or reducing agents (dopants).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.180221220
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    Preparation of polysiloxanes from silicic acid. V. Condensation of silicic acid butyl esters and formation of silica fiber from the ester solutionsPart IV of this series is in press. Y. Abe, F. Nojiri, and T. Misono, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi (Journal of the Chemical Society of Japan, Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry). (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 761-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The condensation of silicic acid butyl esters was investigated by gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) analysis. The results revealed that the condensation was greatly dependent on a degree of esterification of the esters. The ester with the lowest degree of esterification underwent condensation to form a highly polymerized ester. It was found that fibers could be drawn from the ester solution before gelation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220323
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  • 141
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    Radical copolymerization of acrylic monomers. VI. Copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with methyl α-benzylacrylate (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 801-811 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Free-radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and methyl α-benzylacrylate has been studied in benzene solutions at 40 and 60°C. A simple copolymerization model fits the composition data at both temperatures. However, considering that the ceiling temperature for the polymerization of methyl α-benzylacrylate in benzene solution (|M| = 5 mol/L) is 67°C and that the overall rate of copolymerization drastically decreases with respect to that of methyl methacrylate homopolymerization with an increase of the molar fraction of methyl α-benzylacrylate in the feed, the behavior of this system is analyzed from both simple and reversible copolymerization models.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220327
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    Cis/trans isomerization in cured, black-reinforced, high cis-1,4-polybutadieneThis is Contribution No. 649 from The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Research Division, Akron, Ohio 44316-0001. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 843-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220332
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    Polyhydroxymethylfuroate [poly(2,5-furandiylcarbonyloxymethylene)] (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 863-864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220336
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    Post-polymerization of diallyl oxalate prepolymer in the evolution of carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 877-880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220340
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  • 145
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    Phosphorus-containing polyurethanes and copolyurethanes based on 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-bis(diethoxyphosphinyl)ethane (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 891-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-bis(diethoxyphosphinyl)ethane (DBE) with various diisocyanates, such as tolylene diisocyanate, methylenebis(4-phenylisocyanate), and hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate, were studied for the synthesis of phosphorus-containing polyurethanes. In addition, DBE and ethyleneglycol or butanediol-1,4 were copolymerized with the diisocyanates. The synthesized poyurethanes were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Their thermal properties were compared with those of the corresponding common polyurethanes. The fire resistance of the copolyurethanes was evaluated by determining their limiting oxygen index and smoke evolution.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220401
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    The crosslinking of epoxy resins at interfaces. I. Germanium, germanium dioxide, and silane-treated germanium (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1495-1506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chemical changes that accompany the crosslinking of an epoxy resin by an anhydride curing agent were followed by internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS). The crosslinking process was carried out on the surface of a germanium IRS element and the effects of various surface treatments of the germanium (humid aging, oxidation, and silane coating) on the reaction kinetics were examined. The reaction kinetics in the first 3000-4000 Å of the resin adjacent to dry, freshly polished germanium were similar to the reaction kinetics in the bulk of the resin. However, humid aging or oxidation of the germanium surface produced a local acceleration in the rate of anhydride consumption and reduced the yield of ester products. The aminosilane coating accelerated the consumption of anhydride, decreased the yield of ester, and resulted in the formation of amide groups in the interfacial region.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220628
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  • 147
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    Cationic grafting from carbon black. II. Polymerization of styrene initiated by CO+ClO-4 group on the surface of carbon black (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1515-1524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The cationic grafting of polystyrene initiated by carbon black containing the CO+ClO-4 group was investigated. The introduction of CO+ClO-4 groups onto a carbon black surface was achieved by the reaction of AgClO4 with carbon black that contained a COCI group. The latter was introduced by the reaction of carboxyl groups with SOCl2. It was found that polystyrene chains could be grown from CO+ClO-4 groups on the surface of carbon black. Moreover, polystyrene was effectively grafted from carbon black: the grafting ratio at 20°C increased to 58% as conversion increased. Furthermore, the grafting ratio and molecular weight of ungrafted polystyrene decreased with an increase in polymerization temperature. These results were explained by the fact that the increasing temperature of the polymerization caused an increase in the rate of chain transfer reaction of the growing polymer chain to the monomer. The carbon black obtained from the reaction produced a stable colloidal dispersion in a good solvent for polystyrene.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220630
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  • 148
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    Two-component interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) from polyurethanes and epoxies. II. Effect of different charge groups in polyurethanes and epoxies on properties and morphologies of two-component IPNsFor Part I, see J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 22, 1839-1850 (1984). (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1851-1863 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-component interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) that contained charge groups in the backbones of the polyurethane and epoxy networks were studied. IPNs that contained opposite charge groups, similar charge groups, no charge groups, and corresponding pseudo-IPNs were prepared. A comparison of mechanical properties, water-resistance data, mechanical spectra, and electron microscopy showed that improved properties and morphologies resulted in IPNs that contained opposite charge groups. Presumably, interactions between the opposite charge groups in the constituent networks resulted in a forced compatibility between the two polymers which decreased the degree of phase separation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220807
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  • 149
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    Radiation-induced copolymerization of phenylvinyl alkyl ethers and maleic anhydride (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alternating copolymers of phenylvinyl ethyl ether (I) and phenylvinyl sec-butyl ether (II) with maleic anhydride (MAn) were prepared in bulk or in benzene solution by high-energy irradiation at dose rates of 42, 160, and 540 Gy/h, respectively. The overall energies of activation in copolymerization of I and II with MAn were 15.5 and 18.8 kJ/mol, respectively. The reaction proceeds by the free-radical mechanism and was found to be largely dependent on the bulkiness of the alkyl group. In the copolymerization of I and MAn, the molecular weight increases with conversion. By applying the model described by Shirota and co-workers, it was established that participation of charge-transfer-complex monomers increases with the increase of the total monomer concentration and with the bulkiness of the alkyl group in electron donor monomer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220104
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  • 150
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    Photoinitation of cationic polymerization. II. Laser flash photolysis of diphenyliodonium saltsFor Part I, see ref. 1. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Laser flash photolysis of diphenyliodonium salts produces phenyliodinium radical cation (PhI+·), which was also generated independently by flash-induced electron transfer from iodobenzene to a phenanthrolinium salt. Apparent second-order rate constants were determined for reaction of the transient (PhI+·) with nucleophiles, including iodobenzene and cyclohexene oxide. Quantum yields of formation of acid from stationary photolysis of diphenyliodonium hexafluoroarsenate were found to be significantly higher than yields of iodobenzene. These results may be explained by facile reaction of PhI+· with PhI to yield a new iodonium salt together with a proton. High reactivity of PhI+· with cyclohexene oxide suggests that the transient may directly initiate cationic polymerization of epoxides.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220107
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    Polymerization of 1-bromo-2-phenylacetylene by Mo catalystsPart 16 of Polymerization of Phenylacetylenes. For Part 15 see ref. 1. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2275-2279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220927
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  • 152
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    Linear polythioesters. IX.Part VII of this series, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 22, 1025 (1984). Products of interfacial polycondensation of 4,4′-dimercaptobenzophenone with some aliphatic acid dichlorides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2265-2273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By interfacial polycondensation of 4,4′-dimercaptobenzophenone with oxalyl, succinyl, adipolyl, suberoyl, and sebacoyl chlorides new polythioesters were obtained. To determine the optimal conditions of interfacial polycondensation the influence of the following factors on yield and value of reduced viscosity was studied: type of organic phase, the quantitative ratio of aqueous to organic phase, concentration of hydrogen chloride acceptor, molar ratio of reagents, temperature of reaction, rate of acid chloride addition, and contribution of catalyst. A thorough examination of the polycondensation of dithiol with adipolyl and sebacoyl chlorides was carried out. The structure of all polythioesters obtained under model conditions was determined by elemental analysis and infrared spectra. Initial decomposition and intensive decomposition temperature were defined by the curves of thermogravimetric analysis. Mechanical and electrical properties of the polythioesters obtained from 4,4′-dimercaptobenzophenone and adipoyl and sebacoyl chlorides were determined. The molecular weight was not measured because of the low solubility of the polythioesters.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220926
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  • 153
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    Organosilane polymers: Formable copolymers that contain methyl(β-phenethyl)silylene or cyclohexyl(methyl)silylene units (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 225-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High molecular weight polysilane copolymers which contain the units in the title were prepared in high yield by sodium coupling the corresponding organodichlorosilanes in toluene. These copolymers are highly soluble in common solvents and can be drawn into fibers or formed into films by molding or casting. They are also photoactive.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220121
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  • 154
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    The effect of N-substituents of hindered amine on photo-oxidation of polypropylene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220126
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    A Mössbauer study of polymers prepared from polyvinylpyridine and ferric chloride or ferric nitrate (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 303-318 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Iron-ion-containing polymers were prepared by reacting atactic polyvinylpyridine with ferric chloride or ferric nitrate in methanol solution. Molar ratios of Fe3+ to 4-vinylpyridine (Fe:PVP) were 1:2, 1:6, and 1:20. Three kinds of iron center were characterized from 57Fe Mössbauer spectra recorded over a temperature range of 4.2-290 K. Infrared (IR) spectra of the samples were measured also. All samples contained amorphous hydrated ferric-oxide particles that exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at low temperatures. The size of the clusters (102-103 iron atoms per particle) was estimated from the average blocking temperatures TBav, which is sensitive to the Fe:PVP ratio. For FeCl3:PVP preparations with Fe:PVP of 1:2, 1:6, and 1:20 TBav was 37, 10, and 〈4 K, respectively. A small proportion (〈10%) of high-spin ferrous iron centers was found in most samples. A third type of signal attributable to oxygen-bridged ferric dimers was found in FeCl3-PVP preparations with Fe:PVP of 1:2 or 1:6 but not in Fe(No3)3-PVP samples. This species is probably [Cl3Fe—O—FeCl3]2-. Interactions between the polymer and the various iron centers were weak.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220203
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    Functional monomers and polymers. CXVII.For Part CXVI, see J. H. Liu, K. Kondo, and K. Takemoto, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 121, 109 (1984). Photochemical reactions on oligo- and polyethyleneimines containing pendant thymine bases: Effect of the spacer (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2427-2442 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodimerization reaction of thymine bases incorporated in the modified oligo- and polyethyleneimines, in which α-alanine or ß-alanine unit was inserted between the main chain and the pendant thymine bases, was studied both in aqueous and in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. It was found that the quantum yields for the photodimerization for the oligomers were closely related to the intramolecular interaction in the ground state, while those of the copolymers were not related to the ground state interaction. It was suggested that the singlet energy migration was present in the case of the polyethyleneimine derivatives. This result is discussed in terms of the effects of the nearest-neighboring thymine units, the structure of the side chain, and the singlet energy migration, particularly for the copolymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170221012
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  • 157
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    Complexation and rate of polymerization of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid in the presence of poly(4-vinylpyridine) in dilute methanol solution (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2479-2487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A 1:1 hydrogen-bonded complex was formed between acrylic acid (AA) or methacrylic acid (MA) and the pyridine group of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) in dilute solutions. A shift of infrared absorption of the hydrogen-bonded acid O—H to a lower energy direction and an upfield shift of acid proton in the NMR were observed when the monomers were added with pyridine. The equilibrium constants of the 1:1 complexation with P4VP measured by using a semipermeable membrane were 0.58 and 0.26 for AA and MA, respectively, at 25°C in methanol. The bromometrically measured initial rate of radical polymerization showed only a slight enhancement in the presence of P4VP, the rate being maximum at the 4VP unit:monomer mole ratio of 0.25 and 0.5 for AA and MA, respectively, in dilute methanol solution at 60°C.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170221016
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  • 158
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    Optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism studies of copoly(propyl-L-aspartate-benzyl-L-aspartate) (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2533-2538 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copoly(propyl-L-aspartate-benzyl-L-aspartate)s with various compositions were synthesized by propylation of a parent poly(β-benzyl-L-Aspartate). The variation of helix sense of copolyaspartate obtained against a degree of propylation and temperature was examined by optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism method. Copolyaspartate of propylation less than about 70% is in a left-handed α helix conformation and its Moffitt parameter b0 and molecular ellipticity [θ]222 decreased gradually with increasing propylation. On the other hand, a different temperature dependence of b0 and [θ]222 was observed for copolyaspartate of propylation more than about 80%, i.e., the reversible transition of the helix sense from right- to left-handed α helix took place by temperature increasing. These features were basically similar to the variation in helix sense of copoly(ethyl-L-aspartate-benzyl-L-aspartate), although a slight difference was seen for copoly(propyl-L-aspartate-benzyl-L-aspartate). The thermodynamic treatment indicating larger entropy of right-handed α helix suggests much mobile side chain of the right-handed α helix than the left handed one.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170221020
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    Reactions in the presence of organic phosphites, I: High temperature amidation in the absence of solvents (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2567-2577 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: When reacted for periods of 5-10 min at temperatures of about 280-300°C in the presence of certain organic phosphites polymers that contain available carboxy and aliphatic amine groups undergo amidation. This reaction can increase the molecular weight of many aliphatic polyamides by their self-reaction in an extruder. Block or graft copolymers can be formed by reacting polymers that contain aliphatic amines with others that contain carboxyl. Studies of model compounds in the companion article (II) indicate that polymerization proceeds through an diaryloxy or dialkoxy amino phosphine intermediate to produce amide bonds and disubstituted phosphite reaction by-products. In the absence of primary amines in the reaction mixture an ester is slowly formed from the carboxyl end group of the polymer and the oxysubstituent of the phosphite. In no case was a phosphorus-containing mixed anhydride detected. The mechanistic identity of the low temperature reactions in article II and the high temperature reactions in this article has not been proved conclusively, however.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170221024
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  • 160
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    Catalyseurs Zieger-Natta supportés sur MgCl2 pour la polymérisation stéréorégulée du propène. II. Système catalytique simple: Solide binaire MgCl2-TiCl4 et solution cocatalytique triéthylaluminium, benzoate d'ethyle (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2625-2640 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of propene polymerization in heptane slurry at 1-4 bars was studied with a catalytic system that consisted of a solid catalyst prepared by adsorption of TiCI4 on pure porous MgCl2 (by dehydrating MgCl2, 6 H2O with thionyl chloride) and a cocatalytic, heptanic solution of ethylbenzoate (BE) and triethylaluminium (TEA). At a temperature approaching 60°C/polymerization began immediately after the introduction of the monomer. The polymerization rate decreased continuously during the reaction. The loss in activity, however, was not due to a diffusional effect (e.g., blocking of the catalyst by the growing polymer). Studies of the ageing of the catalytic system showed a deactivation of the catalytic system itself as a function of the time of contact between the catalyst and the cocatalyst. The product of the thermal decomposition of the complex 1:2 formed by the reaction of BE with TEA was not associated with the deactivation process or stereospecific control, which depend on the BE/AI ratio and the presence of the complex.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170221028
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    Mechanisms of polymer-supported catalysis. 5. Solvation of quaternary onium ions in polystyrene gels by 13C-NMR spectroscopy (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 509-518 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C-NMR linewidths and spin-lattice relaxation times have been determined for soluble and crosslinked polystyrenes containing quaternary phosphonium and ammonium ions. Solubilities and NMR linewidths show that the solvating abilities toward tri-n-butylphosphonium ions are CDCl3 〉 CH3OH 〉 D2O 〉 benzene, toluene, toward the trimethylammonium ions, CH3OH 〉 CDCl3 〉 D2O 〉 toluene, and toward the nonpolar polymer backbone, CDCl3, benzene 〉 toluene 〉 CH3OH 〉 D2O.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220301
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    Partial miscibility in multicomponent polymer system (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 567-576 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It has been shown, using the significant structure theory of liquids, that a lower critical solution temperature behavior as well as a upper critical solution temperature behavior can be expected for polymer-polymer systems and that a phase diagram of closed-loop-type in a polymer-polymer-solvent system can be possible. In this article the sublimation energy of a mixture was expressed as a quadratic form of segment surface fractions on pure components rather than that of mole fractions, and the effect of the segment surface fractions on critical compositions was explained. The calculated partial miscibilities were in good agreement with the experiment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220305
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    Copolymerization of vinyl acetate with benzylidenemalononitrile (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 583-588 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinyl acetate was copolymerized with benzylidenemalononitrile in bulk by radical initiation at 80°C up to low conversions. Alternating copolymers were formed over a wide range of monomer feed ratios. The copolymerization parameters were determined by the conventional scheme. The copolymers were characterized by IR, proton, and 13C spectroscopy and their basic properties, solubility, viscosity, and thermal behavior were determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220307
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    Reversible protection of oligomeric ethylene glycols by bis (2,4-dinitrophenylation) and basic ethanolysisPresented at Israel Chemical Society, 46th Annual Meeting, June 1979, Jerusalem. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 657-667 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bis-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glycols are stable in the presence of triethylamine but undergo ethanolysis in the presence of hydroxide ions. The quantitative removal of the DNP blocking group allows an integrated scheme to pure glycols from commercially available polyethylene glycol mixturesMixtures of ethylene glycol oligomers are obtained by anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide. See, for example, G. O. Curme and F. Johnston, Glycols, Reinhold, New York, 1953. They are commercially available (as PEG-200, PEG-400, etc., to indicate the average molecular weight of the major components). by bis-dinitrophenylation, chromatographic separation, and end-group removal, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the bis-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glycols for purity monitoring. A facile synthetic method for the production of penta-to dodecaglycols in a mixed, aqueous, dioxane solvent system, with fair yields, is also described. The bis-(2,4-dintrophenyl) protection of glycols is a reversible reaction that can be used as (1) a preparative method for pure glycols from readily available commercial polyethylene glycol mixtures; (2) a highly sensitive and accurate analytical methodA. Warshawsky, A. Tishbee, and N. Shoef, J. Liq. Chromatogr., submitted for publication. coupled with HPLC.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220315
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    Gamma-radiolysis of polysalicylide (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 749-759 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polysalicylide, a condensation product of acetylsalicylic acid, was irradiated with 60Co-γ-rays. Viscosity, end-group analysis, and ultraviolet (UV) spectral measurement technique, and electrical conductivity were used to study the changes that occurred during γ-radiolysis. It was observed that polysalicylide undergoes chain scission caused by weak links. The enthalpy of fusion is 16.0 and 13.4KJ/mol-1 repeat units of polysalicylide in air and N2, respectively. The indirect effective band gap decreased and electrical conductivity increased after irradiation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220322
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    Matrix polycondensation through hydrogen bonding interaction (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 793-800 
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    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polycondensation of diesters having hydroxyl or pyridine groups was carried out with hexamethylenediamine (HMD) in the presence of (vinyl alcohol/vinyl acetate) copolymers as a matrix polymer. Apparent rates of the polycondensation of dimethyl tartrate (DMT) with HMD increased with increasing contents of PVA units in the copolymers and a strong entanglement between growing polyamide chains and PVA copolymers took place through the adsorption of HMD and DMT on the matrix copolymers. 2,6-Dimethyl pyridine dicarboxylate (2,6-DMP) reacted with HMD in the presence of the PVA copolymers or polysaccharide, while the rate enhancement effect of the matrix polymers was not significantly observed, as in the case of DMT. The effect of the matrix polymers on the polycondensation was discussed in terms of hydrogen bonding interactions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220326
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  • 167
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    The binding of organic anions by polyvinylpyrrolidone: Determination of intrinsic binding constant and number of binding sites by competitive binding (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 185-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The binding of 4′-dibutylaminoazobenzene-4-sulfonate (butyl orange, BO) and 1-amino-4-methylaminoanthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQ) by crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone and the competition between BO and AQ for binding sites of the polymer were examined. The equilibrium data showed competitive binding. Thus the intrinsic binding constants and the number of binding sites can be evaluated easily and precisely by competitive binding. The thermodynamic parameters that accompained the binding were calculated from the intrinsic binding constant and its temperature-dependence. The thermodynamic data for BO showed that the binding process is athermal and stabilized entirely by the entropy term. The binding of BO to the polymer is entropically favorable as a result of the operation of the hydrophobic effect. In contrast, with AQ a favorable free energy for a dye-polymer complex formation is associated with a large negative enthalpy and a small entropy. Therefore it is likely that the binding of AQ occurs by energetic forces and that the large aromatic ring of the dye contributes to the binding energy. On the average, BO and AQ can bind to the crosslinked polymer to the extent of 1 dye/ca 73 basemol in 0.1M tris-acetate buffer, pH 7.0.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220118
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  • 168
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    The role of oxygen in the ignition of polystyrene by a small flame (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ignition of slabs of high-impact polystyrene by a lean hydrogen-oxygen flat flame was studied. The ignition delays and inital rates of flame development after ignition are reported as functions of gas temperature and the separation between flame and polymer surface. The delays follow an Arrhenius-type expression with an activation energy of 98 ± 18 kJ mol-1. The rates of flame development drop as the gas temperature increases. During long ignition delays the apparent heat transfer coefficient at the sample surface dropped from about 100 W m-2 K-1 to values close to that expected for a hot gas impinging at right angles on a cold surface. For short delays it was higher and more constant at about 100 W m-2 K-1. Although the surface temperature reached before ignition exceeded that required for nonoxidative pyrolysis, the polymer surface charred only when oxygen was present. It is concluded that both oxidative and nonoxidative pyrolysis contribute to the ignition of polystyrene.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220124
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  • 169
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    Thermoplastic resins, polyquats, and membranes based on epoxiesPresented by the first author at IUPAC MACRO 82 in Amherst, Massachusetts (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 249-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High-molecular-weight branched-addition polymers made from oligomeric solid epoxy resins and amines carrying two active hydrogen atoms are described. The reaction with aliphatic amines like ethanolamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, or piperazine can easily be controlled carrying out the polymerization in about 15% solutions of boiling 2-methoxyethanol. Less basic derivatives of aniline and epoxy resins are processed at 200°C in the molten state. Polymers with Mn up to 33,000 and Mw to 720,000 are obtained. Properties of films and injection moldings are described. The tertiary nitrogen atoms present in the polymer chain can be quaternized with alkylating agents, like dimethylsulfate, methyliodide, or trimethyl phosphate. Thin membranes cast from the polyquats thus obtained exhibit a good flow rate for water and a high salt rejection under reverse osmosis conditions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220123
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  • 170
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    System development for aqueous gel permeation chromatography (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To devise an improved gel permeation chromatography system for the analysis of macromolecules, with a strongly alkaline solution as eluent, three Fractogel TSK gels were investigated. Because primary standards are usually unavailable, calibration was achieved by using Benoit's universal procedure and polystyrene sulfonates, polyethylene glycols, and dextrans as secondary calibrants. Continuous monitoring of intrinsic viscosity resulted from coupling a viscodetector with a classical differential refractometer. It was found that column efficiency and fractionation range could be extended well beyond those of previously studied systems on a reasonably short period of analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220201
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  • 171
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    Linear polythioesters. VII.For VI of this series, see ref. 5. Products of interfacial polycondensation of 1,4-di(mercaptomethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene with some aliphatic acid dichlorides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1025-1033 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several polythioesters by interfacial polycondensation of 1,4-di(mercaptomethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene with oxalyl, succinyl, adipoyl, suberoyl, and sebacoyl chlorides were obtained. To determine the optimal conditions for interfacial polycondensation, the influence of the following factors on yield and value of reduced viscosity were studied: type of organic phase, concentration of hydrogen chloride acceptor, the quantitative ratio of aqueous to organic phase, molar ratio of reagents; temperature of reaction, rate of acid chloride addition, and contribution of catalyst. Thorough studies were carried out only for polycondensation of the dithiol with adipoyl and sebacoyl chlorides. The structure of all polythioesters obtained under the model conditions was determined by elementary analysis and infrared spectra. Initial decomposition temperature, mass loss in percentage at the same temperature, maximum rate of decomposition, and mass loss percentage at 100-400°C were defined by thermogravimetric analyses. Chemical resistance of the polythioesters was determined by treatment with some organic solvents, mineral acids (concentrated and 10%), and sodium hydroxide (10 and 50%). Some mechanical and electrical properties of the polythioesters obtained from dithiol and adipoyl and sebacoyl chlorides were determined. The molecular weight was not measured because of the low solubility of the polythioesters.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220503
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  • 172
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    Anionic polymerization of norbornene trisulfide (exo-3,4,5-trithia-tricyclo[5.2.1.02.6]decane)Presented in part at the Fifth International Microsymposium, “Advances in Ionic Polymerization,” Prague, July 1982. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1085-1095 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The anionic polymerization of norbornene trisulfide initiated with sodium thiophenoxide (sodium cation solvated with dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether) was studied. Polymers with high molecular weights were obtained (Mn up to 105, osmometrically). Molecular weights calculated for living polymerization conditions (i.e., one molecule of initiator yields one macromolecule) agree well with Mn measured by osmometry. 1H-NMR, 13C-{1H}-NMR, and Raman spectra of the polymer are given. Thermodynamics of polymerization in toluene solvent is described. Enthalpy ΔHss = -(1.39 ± 0.17) kcal mol-1 and entropy ΔSss = -(7.52 ± 0.55) cal mol-1 deg-1 coefficients of polymerization were evaluated from the temperature dependence of the equilibrium monomer concentration determined dilatometrically.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220509
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  • 173
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    Dependence of computed copolymer reactivity ratios on the calculation method. II. Effects of experimental design and error structure (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 3661-3671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two calculation methods for estimating reactivity ratios, one method based on the differential Alfrey-Mayo equation and one based on the integrated form of this model, are compared with respect to precision and bias. Both methods are characterized by the use of information about the monomer feed composition only and are assumed to be valid up to high conversion. As only monomer feed composition has to be analyzed, several sampling designs are feasible. Two extreme designs can be distinguished. One consists of repetitive sampling of the initial and final monomer feed mixture, whereas the other consists of sequential sampling during the course of the reaction. The influence of both designs of the calculated r-values is investigated by means of simulation. In the present paper the second calculation method, based on the integrated form, is solved by a nonlinear least squares method considering errors in both variables. This method required additional information about the errorstructure of the data. As this information is mostly of approximate nature, the influence of misspecification of this error structure on the calculated r-values is also examined.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170221204
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  • 174
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    Thermal transitions of poly(3,3-dimethylthietane) (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1197-1200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220520
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  • 175
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    Phase-transfer reactions catalyzed by phosphonium salts bound to macroporous polystyrene supports (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1243-1250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate of reaction of alkyl halides with aqueous sodium acetate or cyanide catalyzed by phosphonium salts supported on insoluble polystyrene resins, and rates of ion-exchange of the chloride ion in the catalysts against the acetate ion, were studied as a function of catalyst particle size, the percentage of ring substitution, the morphology of polymer support, and distance between active site and polymer backbone. Rates of 1-bromooctane or benzyl chloride with macroporous, 7-25% ring-substituted catalysts increased with increasing ring substitution. Rates with macroporous catalysts increased as a heptamethylene spacer was introduced between the active site and the polymer backbone. Rates of ion-exchange with macroporous catalysts were facilitated with increasing ring substitution or by the introduction of the spacer chain. A relation between the catalytic activity of macroporous or microporous catalysts and ion-exchange rates under triphase conditions was discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220604
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  • 176
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    Adsorption of methylmethacrylate-vinylferrocene copolymers at the solution/solid interface (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 519-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of methylmethacrylate-vinylferrocene random copolymers was synthesized and characterized. Their adsorption from toluene and chloroform was measured onto pyrogenic silicas. The level of adsorption depended on the solvent, the surface area of the adsorbent, and the copolymer composition. Thus, an inverse adsorption-solubility relationship for toluene and chloroform was observed. However, in solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-butanone, and cyclobutanone, which have strong interaction with silica, this trend was not evident. The compositional dependence of the adsorption of these copolymers in toluene and chloroform is similar. Initially, adsorption tends to increase with the vinylferrocene content in the polymer, and at equimolar copolymer compositions the adsorption reaches a maximum which is followed by a decrease in the adsorption values at high vinylferrocene contents. Gel permeation chromatography(GPC) measurements allowed us to conclude that high molecular weight polymer was preferentially adsorbed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220302
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  • 177
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    Acid-base complexes of polymersThis article is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor J. H. Hildebrand, whose teaching inspired this work. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 547-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The physical interactions of polymers with neighboring molecules are determined by only two kinds of interactions: London dispersion forces and Lewis acid-base interactions. These two kinds of attractive energies (together with certain steric restrictions) determine solubility, solvent retention, plasticizer action, wettability, adsorption, adhesion, reinforcement, crystallinity, and mechanical properties. The London dispersion force interaction energies of polymers have been quantified by the dispersion force contribution to cohesive energy density (δ2d) and the dispersion force contribution to surface energy (δd). The Lewis acid-base interactions, often referred to as “polar” interactions, can be best quantified by Drago's CA and EA constants for acid sites and CB and EB constants for basic sites. In this article infrared spectral shifts are featured as a method of determining enthalpies of acid-base interaction, and the C and E constants for polymers, plasticizers, and solvents. Examples are given where acid-base complexation of polymers with solvents dominate solubility and swelling phenomena. Enthalpies of acid-base complexation in polymer blends are determined from spectral shifts.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220304
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  • 178
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    The photoelectrochemical initiation of polymerization of styrene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 605-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A TiO2 semiconductor was immersed in a solution that contained styrene monomer and a supporting electrolyte. Polymer was formed when light was focused on the semiconductor. The yield was a function of the bias level maintained at the semiconductor elecotrode. With methylmethacrylate monomer direct photoinitiation of the monomer occurred, but the polymer yield could be reduced by varying the electrode potential.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220310
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  • 179
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    Molecular weight phenomena at high conversions in the Ziegler-Natta polymerization of butadiene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1461-1470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Comparison between two different feedstocks in the homogeneous polymerization of butadiene has been conducted. The conversion and molecular weight trends were essentially the same for both feedstock systems. Changes in polydispersity at high conversions could not be explained by a living polymerization mechanism. A reaction scheme involving reuse of active cobalt centres combined with termination has been proposed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220624
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  • 180
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    DTA studies on the thermal oxidation and crosslinking reactions of carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1481-1486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies on the thermal oxidation of carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene in the presence of antioxidants have been carried out by dynamic DTA. Bis-thioacetylacetonato nickel(II) compounds are found to be effective in inhibiting the air oxidation reaction in the polymer. The crosslinking reaction of the polymer through the double bonds present in the polymer molecule is desensitized by the antioxidants and the effect is more with N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine. An exothermic peak formed at 270°C in the presence of tris(2-methylaziridinyl-1) phosphine oxide has been identified as the curing reaction. The infrared spectra of CTPB in the presence of MAPO at various temperatures confirm the various stages of reaction.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220626
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  • 181
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    Functional monomers and polymers. CXIII.For Part CXII, see J. H. Liu, K. Kondo, and K. Takemoto, Tech. Rep., Osaka Univ., in press. Photoinduced conformational change of thymine containing poly-lysine derivatives (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 623-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodimerization reaction between thymine bases in thymine-grafted poly-D- and poly-L-lysine derivatives was studied in an alkaline, aqueous, buffered solution. It was found that the helix content of the polymers changes by photodimerization. The result was discussed in terms of conversion, the rate of photodimerization, and the helix content of the polymers.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220312
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  • 182
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    Tetraalkyl titanium and zirconium metal chloride catalyst systems for ethylene polymerization (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 637-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coordination polymerization of olefins has become an industrially important, yet still poorly understood enterprise. The ethylene polymerization activity of (neophyl)nZrCl4-n shows a twentyfold increase from n = 4 to n = 3 and a further tenfold increase to n = 2. The heterogeneous MR4/TiCl4 catalysts (M = Ti, R = benzyl; M = Zr, R = benzyl, neophyl) have been developed. To explore the breadth of extendability, other metal chlorides (main group and transition metal) were substituted for TiCl4. Indeed, excess AlCl3 or MgCl2 and the MR4 compounds also produced ethylene polymerization catalysts. The inactivity of corresponding (neophyl)4Ti systems is attributed to sterics. The abovementioned catalysts highlight the necessity of alkyl and chloride ligands at the transition metal catalyst centers.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220313
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    Microstructures of polybutadienes prepared by anionic polymerization in polar solvents. Ion-pair and solvent effectsNational Research Council of Canada Number 22899. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 669-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The microstructure of polybutadiene produced by anionic initiation in diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran with counterions Li+, Na+ and K+ was determined by 1H- and 13C-NMR. Ionization suppressing salts were added in tetrahydrofuran to ensure that only the ion-pair reaction was studied. Results are compared with older published data. In general, the 1,4 content of the polymer increases with increasing counterion size but varies somewhat with solvent with a given counterion. The cis component of the 1,4 structures changes with temperature and counterion. It is suggested that this change reflects the proportion of cis and trans centers that carry the reaction.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220316
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    Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly(acrylene ether sulfones)This paper is dedicated to Professor V. T. Stannett on the occasion of his 65th birthday. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 721-737 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ionic groups incorporated into a polymer have a decided effect on its physical properties. A number of ionomers and polyelectrolytes have been widely applied. In particular, sulfonated bisphenol-A polysulfone (SPSF) has been used as a composite or single-component membrane for the desalination of water. In this article, the synthesis and physical characteristics of sulfonated polysulfone are addressed. A detailed synthesis route is provided and methods that yield determinable levels of sulfonation are described. These ion-containing polymers retain an excessive amount of residual salts, which, of course, are impurities to the system. Therefore, before any analyses were made the polymers were subjected to a thorough soxhlet extraction process with boiling water, which appeared to be quite effective. The degree of sulfonation was assessed by several methods such as 1H NMR and FT-IR. A new 1H NMR method was derived because the method cited in the literature proved to be too inconsistent for our work. The new 1H NMR method used a quaternary ammonium counterion [N(CH3)4]. These methyl protons are easily measured and may be ratioed against the isopropylidene protons in the polymer backbone that act as an internal standard. Characterization of the physical properties of SPSF consisted of water uptake, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and solubility studies. Its physical appearance and mechanical behavior were improved by the solution procedure. Also addressed were the effects of different counterions (Na+ & Mg++) with SPSFs of low levels of sulfonation. The variation in physical properties between the divalent and monovalent counterions is dramatic, especially when observed by TMA in the rubber plateau above the apparent glass temperature.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220320
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    Poly[(3-hydroxypropyl) oxirane] and poly[(4-hydroxybutyl)oxirane]: New hydrophilic polyether elastomers (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 781-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparations of poly[(3-hydroxypropyl)oxirane] and poly[(4-hydroxybutyl)oxirane] are described. Three routes to poly[(3-hydroxypropyl)oxirane] are discussed, each of which involves the methanolysis of a polymeric ester. (3-Acetoxypropyl)oxirane, [3-(m-chlorobenzoyloxy)propyl]oxirane, and (3-chloropropyl)oxirane were polymerized using the AIEt3/H2O/AcAc initiator system. Poly[(3-acetoxypropyl)oxirane] and poly{[3-(m-chlorobenzoyloxy)propyl]oxirane} were converted directly to poly[(3-hydroxypropyl)oxirane] by methanolysis, the former under either acidic or basic conditions only. Poly[(3-chloropropyl)oxirane] was first converted to poly[(3-benzoyloxypropyl)oxirane] by treatment with tetrabutylammonium benzoate; subsequent basic methanolysis then afforded poly[(3-hydroxypropyl)oxirane]. Poly[(3-hydroxypropyl)oxirane] is a colorless elastomer which can be cast into tough, clear films from water or methanol. Poly[(4-hydroxybutyl)oxirane] was prepared from poly[(4-chlorobutyl)oxirane] by benzoyloxylation and subsequent methanolysis. Poly[(4-hydroxybutyl)oxirane] is insoluble in water, but is hydrophilic and can be cast into tough films from methanol or dimethylsulfoxide.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220325
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    Hydrophilic polymer-immobilized lipoamides-iron(II) system as a new reducing catalyst for the reduction of O-benzylhydroxylamine by sodium borohydrideFor the preliminary communication of this paper, see ref. 1. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 821-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on a redox function of 1,2-dithiolane ⇌ 1,3-dithiol, lipoamide immobilized on hydrophilic polymers such as polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, and chitosan was found to work as polymeric reducing catalysts for the reduction of O-benzylhydroxylamine to benzyl alcohol and ammonia with sodium borohydride in the presence of ferrous ion. These polymers were easily separable and maintained high reactivities even after repeated uses.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220329
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    Aromatic polyamides. Direct evidence for the iminolization-cyclization mechanism during the thermal degradation of 4-halogenated poly(m-phenylene-isophthalamides) (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 847-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220333
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  • 188
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    Molecular-weight distribution of poly(P-phenylene terephthalamide) (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 865-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220337
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  • 189
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    Photoresponse of the release behavior of an organic compound by a azoaromatic polymer device (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 881-884 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220341
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  • 190
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    High-strength fire- and heat-resistant imide resins containing cyclotriphosphazene and hexafluoroisopropylidene groups (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 927-943 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High-strength fire- and heat-resistant polymers were obtained by the thermally induced melt-polymerization of maleimido-phenoxy cyclotriphosphazenes linked by hexafluoroisopropyliden-ediphthalimide groups. These polymers show good thermal stability and high char yields: 78-80% at 800°C in nitrogen and 60-68% in air at 700°C. Graphite-fabric laminates did not burn in pure oxygen, even at 300°C (LOI = 100%), and were tested for shear, flexural, and tensile strengths. Two monomers were synthesized by reacting tris(4-aminophenoxy)-tris(phenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene with maleic anhydride and hexafluoroisopropylidenediphthalic anhydride. The triamine was synthesized by a stepwise reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with phenol and 4-nitrophenol to give tris(4-nitrophenoxy)-tris(phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene and reducing the nitro groups. The structures of cyclic phosphazene-trimeric precursors and the polymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 31P-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The curing behaviors of polymer precursors were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220404
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  • 191
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    Kinetics of polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated with cyclohexanone. Part I (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1891-1895 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate were investigated in a dioxane solution with cyclohexanone as initiator. It was found that the overall rate of reaction initiated with cyclohexanone (Rp) is proportional to the concentration of monomer and to the square root of the concentration of the initiator. The effect of temperature on the Rp in the temperature range of 65-95°C was discussed. The Arrhenius activation energy Ea estimated for the temperature range of 65-75°C was 137 kJ mol-1.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220811
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  • 192
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    Polymerization initiated by ylide: Polymerization of ethyl methacrylate with the use of 4-picolinium p-chloro phenacylide as initiator (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1875-1882 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ylide 4-picolinium, p-chloro phenacylide-initiated thermal polymerization of ethyl methacrylate (EMA) was studied. 4-Picolinium p-chloro phenacylide induces the thermal polymerization of ethyl methacrylate at 65°C. The rate of polymerization (Rp) rose as the initiator concentration increased from 2 × 10-3 to 4 × 10-3 M and the initiating exponent was computed as 1.9. The Rp decreased as the concentration of ylide increased from 6 × 10-2 to 1M. The greater initiator concentration also affected the molecular weight inversely. The polymerization was carried out at different temperatures and the overall activation energy was computed as 4.08 Kcal/mol. Polymerization was inhibited in the presence of hydroquinone as a radical scavenger. Kinetic studies and other data show that the overall polymerization takes place in a radical mechanism. The various kinetic parameters, such as the rate and average degree of polymerization, molecular weight, and energy of activation of the present system, were evaluated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220809
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  • 193
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    Conformation of poly(S-(2-N-carbazolylethyl)-L-cysteine) in the solid state (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2047-2059 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The β-forming characteristics of poly(S-(2-N-carbazolylethyl)-L-cysteine), (CELC)n, were examined by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The film of (CELC)39 cast from tetrahydrofuran (THF) showed the typical spectrum of the antiparallel β-form with the amide I band at 1630 cm-1, whereas that of (CELC)200 from dimethylformamide (DMF) or pyridine exhibited the amide I band at 1640 cm-1 which shifted to 1630 cm-1 on heating at 100°C for 5 min. As a result of the examination of the spectral variation due to the degree of polymerization, casting solvents, casting temperatures, and heat treatment, together with the evaluation of interaction constants for intermolecular hydrogen bonds, the band at 1640 cm-1 was attributed to the antiparallel-chain pleated sheet (designated as β′-form) with weaker hydrogen bond strength than that of the usual antiparallel β-form. The β′-β-transformation is discussed in terms of the rigidity of the side-chain region.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220909
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  • 194
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    Differential scanning calorimetry studies of irradiated polyethylene: I. Melting temperatures and fusion endotherms (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2017-2032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of ionizing radiation on the melting behavior of high-density and low-density polyethylene was examined with data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. Melting temperatures and fusion endotherms were obtained after absorbed doses of gamma radiation up to 3 MGy. The changes in melting temperatures and heat of fusion for the first and second meltings are related to the radiation chemistry of polyethylene. The changes in the first melting temperature are caused by radiation-induced links that decrease the melt entropy and increase the flod surface free-energy-per-unit area of chain-folded polyethylene crystals. These effects are dependent on the lamellar thickness distribution and on the types of links formed (intramolecular or intermolecular). The changes in melting temperature and heat of fusion obtained in the second melting are related to the inhibition of crystallization caused by the presence of radiation-induced links.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220907
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  • 195
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    Hydroxamic acid polymers. Effect of structure on the chelation of iron in water: II (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2131-2143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of structure on the ability of hydroxamic acid polymers to chelate iron(III) was examined. The polymers were derived from acryloyl or methacryloyl backbones that bore side chains terminated in hydroxamic acids. The side chain length, which establishes the atomic chain distances between hydroxamic acid groups, had the most pronounced effect on the stability constant of the iron chelate. It was this atomic chain distance that determined how easily the three neighboring hydroxamic acids could fit the octahedral sphere of the iron. Other structural changes such as the presence or absence of methyl groups on the backbone or on the hydroxamic acid nitrogen had little measurable effect. The stability of the iron complexes appeared to be optimum at an 11-atom spacing between hydroxamic acids and decreased with shorter or longer spacing distances.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220915
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  • 196
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    Direct polycondensations of hydroxybenzoic acids by use of diphenyl chlorophosphate in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2181-2187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Direct polycondensation reaction of hydroxybenzoic acids with diphenyl chlorophosphate (DPCP) in pyridine was largely improved by carrying out the reaction in the presence of a formamide. Among the formamides examined, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethylformamide, and N,N-dimethylacetamide were favorably used. A Vilsmeier adduct thus derived from DPCP and DMF was very effective especially for the preparation of high-molecularweight copolyesters from hydroxybenzoic acids. Copolymers of several combinations of hydroxybenzoic acids were prepared and their solubility and thermal properties were investigated. The polycondensations of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and bisphenols with the adduct were also studied.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220919
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  • 197
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    Surface degradation of wood by ultraviolet light (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2227-2241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Wood is beautiful but sensitive to light. Because of the chromophoric system at its surface, ultraviolet light cannot penetrate it deeper than 80 μm. Surface characteristics of ultraviolettreated wood were analyzed by infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Analyses of infrared spectra revealed that ultraviolet-treated wood is rich in carboxylic and carbonyl chromophoric groups and poor in aromatic functional groups. Ultraviolet spectral studies suggest that water-soluble low molecular weight fractions of degraded products from the wood surface are mainly derived from lignin. These degradation products contained carbonyl conjugated phenolic hydroxyl groups and had a weight-average molecular weight of about 900, confirmed by gel permeation chromatography.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220923
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  • 198
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    Synthesis and polymerization of optically active L-[α-(N-p-acryloxybenzoyl)alanine ethyl esters] (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 2413-2425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New optically active monomers L-[α-(N-p-acryloxybenzoyl)alanine ethyl esters] (I) and their polymers were synthesized. The title monomers (I) were prepared by the reaction of 1-p-acryloxybenzoyloxy-4-chlorobenzotriazoles (II) with L-alanine ethyl ester hydrochloride, by aminolysis of the active monoester. The new typical active ester (II) was synthesized by the N-hydroxy compound active-ester methods in excellent yield. Before the synthesis of the optically active monomers was carried out, a model study of the aminolysis of the two active esters was performed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170221011
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  • 199
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    Preparation of silicon containing polymers. II.For Part I, see: N. D. Ghatge and J. Y. Jadhav, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 21(11), 3055 (1983).. Effect of structure on the thermal stability of organosilicon aramidsNCL Communication No. 3323. (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1565-1572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two silicon-containing acid dichlorides, bis(4-chlorocarbonylphenyl)dimethylsilane and bis(4-chlorocarbonylphenyl)diphenylsilane, were synthesized and reacted with 1,3-phenylene diamine, 1,4-phenylene diamine, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone in the preparation of 12 structurally different high molecular weight aromatic polyamides. A low-temperature interfacial polycondensation technique was used. Most of the polyamides formed tough, transparent, flexible films and were characterized by solubility, solution viscosity, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and glass transition temperature (Tg). The thermal behavior of these aramids was studied by dynamic thermogravimetry. The effect of diamine and acid dichloride structure on the aramids properties is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220704
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  • 200
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    Linear polythioesters. VIII.For Part VII of this series, see J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., in press. Products of interfacial polycondensation of 1,4-di(mercaptomethyl)-tetramethylbenzene with isomeric phthaloyl chlorides (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1579-1586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New polythioesters by interfacial polycondensation of 1,4-di(mercaptomethyl)-tetramethylbenzene with phthaloyl, isophthaloyl, and terephthaloyl chlorides were obtained. To determine the optimal conditions of interfacial polycondensation the influence of the following factors on yield and value of reduced viscosity were studied: type of organic phase, the quantitative ratio of aqueous to organic phase, concentration of hydrogen chloride acceptor, molar ratio of reagents, rate of acid chloride addition, contribution of benzyltriethylammonium chloride as a catalyst, and the temperature of the reaction. The yield of all reaction products and the reduced viscosity of polythioesters which were soluble in the mixture of phenol-tetrachloroethane were found. A thorough examination was carried out only for the polycondensation of dithiol with isophthaloyl chloride. The structure of all polythioesters obtained under the model conditions was determined by elementary analysis and infrared spectra. Initial decomposition temperature and maximum rate of decomposition temperature were defined from the curves of thermogravimetric analysis. Some mechanical and electrical properties of the polythioesters were determined. The molecular weight was not measured because of the low solubility of the obtained polythioesters.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220706
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