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  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1985-1989  (3)
  • 1915-1919
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • 21.10.Re  (2)
  • nitrogen fertilizer  (2)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: direct-seeding ; nitrogen fertilizer ; micrometeorology ; gas exchange ; irrigation ; volatilization ; denitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ammonia loss from urea applied to dry-seeded rice, determined using a micrometeorological technique, varied considerably depending on the time of application. Ammonia volatilization was negligible, before and after flooding, when urea was applied to the dry soil surface two days before permanent flood. Before flooding, the urea prills remained undissolved and urea hydrolysis could not proceed. Thus there was no source of fertilizerderived ammonia for volatilization to occur. Upon flooding, the urea prills were washed into cracks in the soil which subsequently closed. Therefore the movement of soluble nitrogen into the floodwater was prevented, and again there was no ammonia source for the volatilization process. When urea was broadcast into the floodwater a few days after permanent flood, ammonia losses were high and varied from 11–21% of the nitrogen applied. These losses were associated with high floodwater pHs and high wind speeds near the water surface. However, when urea was applied into the floodwater at panicle initiation, ammonia losses were low (3–8% of the applied nitrogen). At this stage of growth the plant canopy shaded the floodwater, inhibiting algal photosynthesis and consequent pH elevation, thus resulting in low ammonia gas concentrations at the floodwater surface. In addition, the plant canopy restricted air movement at the water surface, thereby reducing ammonia transport away from the air-water interface. These findings provide basic information required for improving current fertilizer management practices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Re ; 23.20.Lv ; 27.70.+q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The [402]5/2 bands in177Ta which are “identical” to the neighboring even-even176Hf groundstate band have been extended to higher angular momentum. These bands in the two nuclei are seen to diverge from each other in the region of the first i13/2 neutron alignment. The lower observed crossing frequency for the [402]5/2 bands indicates a lower deformation for these bands compared to176Hf. Extensions to theh 9/2 [541]1/2 yrast band are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Re ; 23.20.Lv ; 27.70.+q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The yrast bands of155Gd and157Dy have been observed to high spins (I∼25–40). The systematic properties of the N=91 isotones with particular reference to the second i13/2 neutron and first h11/2 proton alignments are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Nitrogen oxides ; nitric oxide ; biological production ; surface fluxes ; emission ; uptake ; rice paddy ; nitrogen fertilizer ; urea ; ammonia ; nitrification ; denitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Emissions of nitric oxide and other odd nitrogen oxides (NO x ) from a flooded rice field were studied after urea had been broadcast into the floodwater. The NO x flux from the fertilized area was very low (0.2×10-9 g N m-2 s-1) for the first few days after application of urea and was high (0.95×10-9 g N m-2 s-1) in the subsequent period when significant nitrite and nitrate were present in the floodwater. At night, little if any NO x was exhaled but ambient NO2 was absorbed by the floodwater. An uptake velocity for NO2 of 3×10-4 m s-1 was measured during one night. Maximum NO x losses were observed near 1300 h when temperature and solar ultraviolet light were maximum. While the amounts of nitrogen oxides emitted are of little agronomic importance (∼2×10-3 per cent of the fertilizer nitrogen was lost as NO x during the 10-day study period), they may well be of significance as a source for some gas reactions in the atmosphere and for the global nitrogen cycle. Of the fertilizer nitrogen applied (as urea) approximately 30% was lost to the atmosphere by NH3 volatilization, 15% by denitrification, presumably as N2, and the remainder, less minor losses of NO and N2O, remained in the plant/soil/water system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 42 (1991), S. 637-642 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The long-term corrosion rate of passive iron in anaerobic alcaline solutionsGas generation is an important issue in safety assessments of low and intermediate level radioactive repositories. In this connection the hydrogen production from corrosion of passive iron in saturated calcium hydroxide, in dilute alkali hydroxide and cement porewater solutions has been determined. The measurements were performed manometrically using fusion sealed glass cells, the measurement periods being between 275 and 560 days.In 0.1 M and 0.04 M alkali hydroxide solutions the initial hydrogen generation rate was 12 mmol/m2yr corresponding to a linear corrosion rate of 64 nm/yr. The reaction rate decreases with time. The smallest value obtained after 330 days is 0.3 mmol/m2yr corresponding to 1.5 nm/yr.The influence on iron of the saturated calcium hydroxide solution and the calcic porewater solutions differs from that of the alkali hydroxide solutions. At pH 12.5 the hydrogen generation rate remains practically constant up to breaking off the experiment, the value being about 1 mmol/m2yr corresponding to 5 nm/yr.
    Notes: Im Zusammenhang mit der Gasentwicklung in einem Endlager für schwach- und mittelradioaktive Abfälle ist die Wasserstoffentwicklung am passiven Eisen in verdünnten Alkalihydroxidlösungen, in gesättigter Calciumhydroxidlösung und in synthetischen Zementporenwässern bestimmt worden. Die Messung erfolgte manometrisch in zugeschmolzenen Glaszellen; die Meßzeiten lagen zwischen 275 und 560 Tagen.In 0,1 und 0,04 M Alkalihydroxidlösungen beträgt die anfängliche Wasserstoffbildungsrate 12 mmol/m2a (entsprechend einem Materialabtrag von 64 nm/a). Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten in diesem Bereich wurden von anderen Autoren auch elektrochemisch gemessen. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit nimmt mit der Zeit ab. Der kleinste gemessene Wert liegt nach 330 Tagen bei 0,3 mmol/m2a (1,5 nm/a).Gesättigte Calciumhydroxidlösung und die calciumhaltigen Zementporenwässer unterscheiden sich in ihrer Einwirkung auf das Eisen von den Alkalihydroxidlösungen. Bei pH 12,5 ist die Wasserstoffbildungsrate mit etwa 1 mmol/m2a (5 nm/a) bis zum Versuchsabbruch praktisch konstant.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 718-723 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation of Schottky barriers at the Sb/n-ZnSe interface has been investigated for a selected number of chemically etched n-ZnSe surfaces. Microscopic properties of the surfaces and interfaces have been observed with SEM, XPS, AES and SIMS, while the conventional I-V technique has been used to determine the macroscopic electrical properties. Both polycrystalline ZnSe wafers and molecular beam epitaxy-grown layers of n-ZnSe on n+-GaAs substrates were used for this investigation. Stoichiometric variations resulting from wet chemical etching of n-ZnSe were investigated using XPS, AES and SIMS techniques. The electrical properties of Sb contacts formed by vacuum evaporation on the etched surfaces were also determined. Possible intermixing at the Sb/n-ZnSe interface was studied using the SIMS imaging technique. The correlation between macroscopic electrical properties and microscopic interactions at the interface will be presented in this paper.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A system combining ion beam and surface-specific techniques for the analysis of probes exposed in the edge region of the plasma produced by the Joint European Torus (JET) is described. Among examples of the use of the system are the demonstration that 10-40% of the ionic charge flux in the boundary can be due to impurities, erosion and redeposition phenomena can be observed with small probes placed in the plasma boundary, and most of the oxygen observed on collector probes is an artefact resulting from exposure to air.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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