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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inter-cohort differences in coronary heart disease mortality in the 25-year follow-up of the seven countries study (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 9 (1993), S. 527-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Coronary heart disease ; Risk factors ; Population comparison
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen cohorts of men aged 40–59 years at entry were examined with the measurement of some risk factors and then followed-up for mortality and causes of death for 25 years. These cohorts were located in the USA (1 cohort), Finland (2), the Netherlands (1), Italy (3), the former Yugoslavia (5), Greece (2), and Japan (2), and included a total of 12,763 subjects. Large differences in age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) death rates were found, with extremes of 45 per 1000 in 25 years in Tanushimaru, Japan, to 288 per 1000 in 25 years in East Finland. In general, higher rates were found in the US and Northern European cohorts as compared to the Southern European and Japanese cohorts. However, during the last 10 years of follow-up large increases of CHD death rates were found in some Yugoslavian areas. Out of 5 measured entry characteristics treated as age-adjusted levels (serum cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, body mass index and physical activity at work), only serum cholesterol was significant in explaining cohort differences in CHD death rates. Over 50% of the variance in CHD death rates in 25 years was accounted for by the difference in mean serum cholesterol. This association tended to decline with increasing length of follow-up, but this was due to the great changes in mean serum cholesterol in the two Jugoslavian cohorts of Velika Krsna and Zrenjanin. When these two cohorts were excluded the association increased with time. Changes in mean serum cholesterol between year 0 and 10 helped in explaining differences in CHD death rates from year 10 onward. It can be concluded that this study suggests that mean serum cholesterol is the major risk factor in explaining cross-cultural differences in CHD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209531
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 25 year estimated probability of death from some specific causes as a function of twelve risk factors in middle aged men (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 4 (1988), S. 60-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Risk factors ; Mortality ; Causes of death ; Multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twelve risk factors previously identified as predictors of all causes of death in a 25-year follow-up of a sample of 1530 men aged 40–59 at entry, have been tested as predictors of specific causes of death. They were age (AGE), mean blood pressure (MBP), cigarette smoking (CIG), forced expiratory volume (FEV), arm circumference (ARM), father-life status (FHAS), mother-life status (MHOS), shoulder-pelvis ratio (SPR), vital capacity (VC), arcus senilis (ARCS), serum cholesterol (CHOL) and xantelasma (XANT). Using the proportional hazards model and considering coronary heart diseases, strokes, cancers, violent deaths, and other causes as end-points, AGE and MBP were significant predictors for all conditions, including violent deaths. CIG predicted coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer; FEV, VC, and ARM were protective for all end-points but significant only for a few of them. FHAS and MHOS were positively associated with all end-points but significant only for a few of them. ARCS and XANT were predictive for only a few conditions and, surprisingly, XANT was a significant risk factor for cancer. Finally CHOL was specifically predictive only for coronary heart disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152694
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High density lipoprotein cholesterol distribution and predictive power in some Italian populations studies (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 5 (1989), S. 328-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: HDL-cholesterol ; Cardiovascular risk factors ; Prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nine Italian population samples, for a total of 12,365 males and 8,043 females aged 11 to 84, were examined. The age and sex distribution of HDL-cholesterol levels were calculated for studying its relationship with major cardiovascular risk factors, and for estimating its predictive power on coronary events and on all causes of mortality. Mean values of HDL-cholesterol in the pool of the samples ranged, according to different age groups, from 46.4 to 56.8 mg/dl in males and from 53.7 to 55.8 mg/dl in females. The linear correlation coefficients between HDL-cholesterol and 10 risk factors did not show high levels except those with triglycerides in men aged 20-34 (−0.33) and 35–64 (−0.34). Using the multiple linear regression model the levels of HDL-cholesterol were estimated as a function of the 10 risk factors solving 4 equations (for males, females and for two age groups, 20–34 and 35–64). The factors showing significant coefficients were body mass index (negative), triglycerides (negative), cigarette smoking (negative), alcohol consumption (positive), physical activity (positive), and non-HDL-cholesterol (negative). The Cox model was used for the prediction of coronary death and all causes of death and the logistic function for the prediction of coronary incidence in two of the studies on men aged 46–65 (6 year follow-up) and aged 60–79 (5 year follow-up), and including 5 other factors as possible confounders. Only the univariate prediction of coronary deaths in one study (men aged 46–65) provided a significant coefficient for HDL-cholesterol (t = −2.7624).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00144833
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short term changes in cardiovascular risk factors in the DI.S.CO. intervention project (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 7 (1991), S. 372-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Risk factors ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Demonstration project
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Di.S.Co. Project — Sezze District Community Control — is aimed at achieving in the general population the prevention of chronic diseases through community intervention. Two areas are enrolled, one for intervention (25,706 subjects) and one for reference (12,655 subjects). In 1983 the first survey was conducted on a sample of males and females aged 20–69, and some risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were measured. In 1986 a second screening was conducted on the same sample examined in 1983 and in a new one to evaluate the effect of community treatment during the three-year intervention. The main net differences obtained in the treatment area against controls (by the paired analysis), adjusted by the initial levels of the risk factors considered, were: in males body mass index: -1.3% and number of cigarettes smoked per day: -5.1%; in females systolic blood pressure: -2.1%, body mass index: -3.2% and number of cigarettes smoked per day: -34.4%. The theoretical probability of death from atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in 25 years was estimated by the multiple logistic function and in three years it increased by 1% in males, while for females it decreased by 6.5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145002
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prediction of future health in healthy middle-aged men (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 2 (1986), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Risk factors ; Health prediction ; Multivariate analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two cohorts of men aged 49–59 at entry, representing cluster samples of two rural areas in Northern and Central Italy, for a total of 1712 subjects have been followed-up for 20 years within an epidemiological study originally designed for cardiovascular disease. After 20 years, only 41 men have been judged to have remained substancially healthy throughout the observation period, i.e. free from a number of major diseases. Univariate and multivariate analyses trying to predict the maintenance of health status showed that among 21 selected characteristics only the following one had a significant power: age, cigarette smoking (adverse effect) and vital capacity( favourable effect). A minor role was also played by the body mass index (adverse effect) and forced expiratory volume (favourable effect). Those who did not remain healthy exibited a greater increase in blood pressure and body mass index.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211537
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Register for cerebrovascular events in the Area Latina, Italy. Clinical and epidemiological data during three years of surveillance (1989)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 10 (1989), S. 499-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Surveillance system ; register for cerebrovascular disease ; attack rate ; fatality rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Vengono riportati i dati riguardanti il sistema di sorveglianza per gli eventi cerebrovascolari relativi al periodo 1983–1985 nell'Area Latina nell'ambito del Progetto MONICA, su una popolazione target di circa 400.000 soggetti di età 25–74. Gli eventi cerebrovascolari raccolti in 3 anni sono stati 2245: i casi fatali sono stati 1016 (562 maschi e 454 femmine), i casi non fatali sono stati 1229 (742 maschi e 487 femmine). I tassi di attacco per 10.000 per anno sono stati 21.96 per i maschi e 15.20 per le femmine. Per definizione tutti i casi non fatali hanno ricevuto il trattamento in ospedale o in casa di cura; per i casi fatali il 68% ha ricevuto il trattamento in una struttura sanitaria (ospedale, clinica) il 32% è deceduto senza osservazione medica. La letalità a 28 giorni è risultata del 43% per i maschi e del 48% per le femmine.
    Notes: Abstract Data are presented on the cerebrovascular events collected by a surveillance system during 1983–1985 in the MONICA Project-Area Latina, on a target population of about 400,000 subjects aged 25–74. The cerebrovascular events observed in 3 years were 2245: the fatalities (within 28 days from the onset of symptoms) numbered 1016 (562 males and 454 females), and the non fatal cases 1229 (742 males and 482 females). The attack rates per 10,000 per year were 21.96 for males and 15.20 for females. By definition, all the non fatal cases received some kind of treatment in hospital or nursing home. Among the fatal cases 68% received a treatment in a hospital or nursing home, while 32% died without medical attention. The fatality rate within 28 days was 43% for males and 48% for females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02333945
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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