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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Tissue perfusion and mass transport in the vicinity of implant surfaces prior to integration or bonding may play a crucial role in modulating cellular activities associated with bone remodeling, in particular, at early stages of the integration process. Furthermore, fluid displacements have been postulated to transduct mechanical stress signals to bone cells via loading-dependent flow of interstitial fluid through the lacunocanalicular network of bone. Thus, an understanding and new possibilities for influencing these processes may be of great importance for implant success. An ex vivo model was developed and validated for investigation of fluid displacements in bone after endoprosthesis implantation. This model serves to explicate the effects of surgical intervention as well as mechanical loading of the implant–bone construct on load-induced fluid flow in the vicinity of the implant. Using this model, we intend to quantify perfusion and extravascular flow dynamics in the vicinity of implants and define optimal conditions for enhancing molecular transport of osteotropic agents from the implant surface to apposing bone as well as from the blood supply to the implant surface. Furthermore, the elucidation of main transport pathways may help in understanding the distribution of wear particles in bone surrounding implant, a process which has been postulated to cause osteolysis and implant loosening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of trauma 26 (2000), S. 217-225 
    ISSN: 1615-3146
    Keywords: Key Words Intramedullary nailing ; History ; Fracture fixation ; Review article
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This work is designed to synthesize the literature and to give an overview of the historical development of intramedullary fixation. The intellectual seed for intramedullary fixation was planted in Mexico in the 16th century; 4 centuries of implant and technique development ensued. Intramedullary fixation in its nascency was an empiric craft defined by the organic-based implants (e. g. wood, ivory and bone) used at the time (16th century – 1890). The advent of antiseptics and anesthesia (mid – 1800s) transformed surgery into a scientific discipline and allowed for the routinization of surgical treatment for fractures. Technical advances including the use of radiography for positioning of implants and the development of biologically inert materials (early 1900s) paved the way for the first clinical series of intramedullary fixations and refinement of the method (1930 to 1940). Intramedullary fixation “traveled abroad” from Germany to North America during World War II, when American soldiers returned home with metallic implants in their medullary canals. Refinements in the method since that time include introduction of the reaming technique (1942), development of modern interlocking nails (1953), and measures to mitigate problems associated with fat emboli during reaming of the intramedullary canal. Breakthroughs in the area of bioresorbable materias may pave the way for further developments in the 21th century.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Herztransplantation ; Neugeborene ; Säuglinge ; hypoplastisches Linksherzsyndrom ; Prostaglandin E1 ; Enoximon ; Key words Paediatric heart transplantation ; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome ; Prostaglandin E1 ; Enoximone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Paediatric cardiac transplantation (pHTX) has gained widespread acceptance as a therapy in end-stage myocardial failure and some forms of congenital heart disease, particularly hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The major problems to the anaesthesiologist in these patients are induction of anaesthesia in infants with HLHS and treatment of pulmonary hypertension in the early post-bypass period. Patients and methods. Anaesthesia for pHTX was performed in 15 children 〈1 year of age (4–237 days); 12 suffered from HLHS, 2 from endocardial fibroelastosis, and 1 from dilatative cardiomyopathy. Induction of anaesthesia in patients with HLHS is a challenge to the anaesthesiologist, as he has to maintain the delicate balance between pulmonary and systemic blood flow. Anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl (10–15 μg/kg) and pancuronium (0.2–0.4 mg/kg) and maintained with fentanyl (total dosage 70–100 μg/kg). Modification of ventilatory parameters such as FiO2, PaCO2, and airway pressure (PEEP, I:E ratio) was used to influence systemic and pulmonary blood distribution in the pre-bypass period according to changes in haemodynamics (target: O2 saturation ∼75%–80%, PaCO2 45–50 mmHg). Treatment of pulmonary hypertension in the weaning and early post-bypass period consisted of respiratory (PaCO2 〈30 mmHg) and metabolic alkalinisation (pH 7.45–7.55, BE 〉+3 mmol/l), the use of prostaglandin E1 (3–6–12 μg/kg·h), and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor enoximone (10–15 μg/kg·min). Additional positive inotropic support was achieved with dobutamine (5–10 μg/kg·min), adrenaline (0.1–0.5 μg/kg·min), and/or orciprenaline (0.1–0.2 μg/kg·min) and calcium chloride (25–100 mg/ kg). Results. Two children died intraoperatively and 1 on the 1st postoperative day from overwhelming pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular failure. Three children died between 3 and 4 weeks postoperatively, 1 from cytomegalovirus infection, 1 from sepsis, and 1 from acute rejection. Nine patients survived and are well up to 5.5 years after transplantation. Conclusion. Pulmonary hypertension in the weaning and early post-bypass period is the main anaesthesiological problem of pHTX, particularly in children with HLHS. A polypragmatic approach to this problem consisting of alkalinisation, pulmonary vasodilatation, and inotropic support is presented and seems to be effective. Further improvements in concepts of pHTX are limited by the lack of donor organs. Though the experience with pHTX in neonates and infants is growing slowly, it might be a routine procedure from the anaesthesiological point of view within a few years in some selected centres.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die orthotope Herztransplantation hat sich auch für das Neugeborenen- und Säuglingsalter zu einer akzeptierten Behandlungsmethode bei hypoplastischem Linksherzsyndrom (HLHS) oder Kardiomyopathien (CM) entwickelt. Das anästhesiologische Vorgehen bei 15 Transplantationen bei Kindern unter einem Jahr wird beschrieben. 12 Kinder litten unter HLHS, die anderen unter CM. Fentanyl wurde zur Narkoseeinleitung (10–15 μg/kg) und -führung (70–100 μg/kg) als Mononarkotikum eingesetzt. Die Stabilität der Hämodynamik in dieser Phase ist stark von Beatmungskonzepten abhängig. In der Phase der Beendigung der extrakorporalen Zirkulation wurden zur Therapie der rechtsventrikulären Nachlasterhöhung nach konsequenter respiratorischer und metabolischer Alkalisierung Prostaglandin E1 (3–6–12 μg/kg/h), Enoximon (10–15 μg/kg/min) und in zwei Fällen Tolazolin (0,025 μg/kg/min) eingesetzt. Positiv inotrope Unterstützung erfolgte in allen Fällen. Eingesetzt wurden Dobutamin (5–10 μg/kg/min), Adrenalin (0,1–0,5 μg/kg/min) und Orciprenalin (0,1–0,2 μg/kg/min). In 3 Fällen war eine passagere, in einem Fall eine permanente (A-V-)-Schrittmachertherapie erforderlich. 2 Patienten konnten aufgrund eines rechtsventrikulären Versagens nicht von der EKZ entwöhnt werden. Ein weiterer Patient starb am ersten postoperativen Tag an einem Rechtsherzversagen. Die derzeitige Überlebensrate beträgt 60% bei einem Beobachtungszeitraum bis zu 5 1 / 2  Jahren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter NO-Inhalation ; Pulmonale Hypertonie ; Herzchirurgie ; Key words NO inhalation ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Heart surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The right ventricle is more jeopardized by a cardiopulmonary bypass than the left one. Impaired right ventricular performance may profit from an afterload reduction. A selective reduction in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) or pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) without impairment of the systemic circulation seems to be possible by inhalation of nitric oxide (NO). Therefore in the present study we looked for influences of NO inhalation on PAP, PVR and right heart parameters immediately after weaning from the bypass. The dependence of endothelial function on age, preoperative heart function and extracorporeal circulation is well established. The relevance of such parameters on NO inhalation was also investigated. Methods. After ethical approval and informed consent were obtained, 20 patients with moderately increased PAP were included in the study. Ten patients inhaled NO at a concentration of 30 ppm; the other group served as a control group. Measurement points were 10 min after the end of extracorporeal circulation (baseline), 3, 10, and 20 min after the start, as well as 10 min after the end of NO inhalation. NO was injected near the tube into the tubing system during inspiration; dosage and monitoring of the concentration were achieved by means of a chemiluminometer. Measured parameters consisted of PAP, PVR, right ventricular ejection fraction and volumes, systemic blood pressure and resistance, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and oxygenation parameters (paO2, pvO2, paCO2). Results. The decrease in PAP (from 29.7±3.9 to a minimal 25.4±4.3 mm Hg, P〈0.05) and in PVR (from 169.4±51.9 to a minimal 116.3± 60.9 dyn·s·cm−5, P·0.05) did not improve right heart function. A similar significant increase in SVR was observed in the NO group and in the control group. Age, haemodynamic parameters or duration of the ischaemic phase of the cardiopulmonary bypass did not influence the course of PAP or PVR. Changes in PAP (from 30.0±4.0 to a minimal 26.7±3.6 mm Hg, P〈0.05) and PVR (from 149.0±41.5 to a minimal 125.2±51.5 dyn·s·cm−5, in the control group were not statistically different from those in the NO group. Indicators of intoxication like an increase in NO2 or methaemoglobin concentrations or changes in compliance or resistance were not observed. Conclusions. Patients with moderate pulmonary hypertension did not profit from NO inhalation immediately after weaning from the cardiopulmonary bypass. The decreases in PAP and PVR found in the NO or control group did not improve right-heart function. When the NO and control group were compared, specific effects of NO inhalation on PAP and PVR must be questioned This could perhaps be explained by data from animal experiments, which found high endogenous NO levels in situations with elevated cytokine levels. Cytokines are increased after extracorporeal circulation. Oxygenation was not impaired by inhalation of relatively high concentrations of NO. For all investigations with NO inhalation not preceded by steady-state conditions, a control group is recommended.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der rechte Ventrikel ist durch extrakorporale Zirkulation (EKZ) mehr gefährdet als der linke. Eine beeinträchtigte rechtsventrikuläre Funktion kann von einer Senkung der Nachlast profitieren. Durch Inhalation von Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) kann ein pulmonaler Hypertonus ohne Auswirkungen auf den Systemkreislauf gesenkt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde deshalb der Einfluß einer NO-Inhalation auf pulmonalarteriellen Druck (PAP), pulmonalvaskulären Widerstand (PVR) und Rechtsherzparameter unmittelbar nach EKZ untersucht. An der Studie nahmen 20 Patienten mit mäßiggradigem pulmonalen Hochdruck teil. 10 Patienten inhalierten 30 ppm NO, die anderen dienten als Kontrollgruppe. Meßzeitpunkte lagen 10 min nach EKZ (Ausgangswerte), 3, 10 und 20 min nach Start sowie 10 min nach Beendigung der NO-Inhalation. Es fand sich ein signifikanter Abfall von PAP und PVR ohne begleitende Verbesserung der Rechtsherzfunktion. In der Kontrollgruppe wurden Veränderungen von PAP und PVR in vergleichbarer Größenordnung beobachtet. Es ist somit fraglich, ob die beobachteten Effekte spezifisch für die NO-Inhalation sind. Hohe endogene NO-Konzentrationen in dieser Phase, wie im Tierexperiment gefunden, könnten dieses Verhalten erklären. Eine klinische Verbesserung der Rechtsherzfunktion nach EKZ konnte bei unseren Patienten durch NO-Inhalation nicht erreicht werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 1174-1179 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Antibiotic treatment ; Faecal flora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The stool of patients both undergoing and not undergoing antibiotic treatment was examined for aerobic faecal bacterial flora (quality and quantity) in an intensive care unit. The bacterial flora in the stool of patients not undergoing antibiotic treatment was generally normal. In patients undergoing antibiotic treatment the faecal bacterial flora showed changes as a result of the use of the antibiotic. Under cephalosporin treatment alone (cefotaxime, cefazolin) E. coli was still to be found. In patients being treated with a combination of two or three antibiotics the frequency of occurrence of E. coli was markedly reduced. Pseudomonas aeruginosa were however substantially more often detected showing increased resistance. The wider the antibiotic spectrum, the more facultative pathogenic microorganisms in the faeces increase, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can then become an important source for nosocomial infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 14 (1935), S. 1440-1442 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 14 (1935), S. 1584-1585 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 26 (1948), S. 657-658 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 11 (1932), S. 1684-1685 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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