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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of type I and type II phospholipase A2 on rat peritoneal mast cells (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. S5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01674369
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative influences of atmospheric chemistry and transport on Arctic ozone trends (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 400 (1999), S. 551-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The reduction in the amount of ozone in the atmospheric column over the Arctic region, observed during the 1990s,, resembles the onset of the Antarctic ozone ‘hole’ in the mid-1980s, but the two polar regions differ significantly with respect to the relative contributions of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/22999
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of In profile on material and device properties of AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistors (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 540-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The molecular-beam-epitaxial growth of InxGa1−xAs on GaAs or AlyGa1−yAs leads to a variation of In content with depth, due to In segregation. However, by predepositing In at the beginning of InxGa1−xAs growth, and also thermally removing the excess In at the end, we can produce a layer with the ideal "square'' In profile. We find that the performance of AlyGa1−yAs/InxGa1−xAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistors is most enhanced by the predeposition step alone. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360862
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osmotic stress and abscisic acid reduce cytosolic calcium activities in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cytosolic Ca2+· ([Ca2+]i, and elongation growth were measured in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Exposure of plant tissues to high NaCl and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations results in a reduction in the rate of growth, but the mechanism by which growth is inhibited is not understood. Both NaCl and ABA treatments are known to influence [Ca2+]i, and in this study we measured the effects of salinity and ABA on [Ca2+]i in cells from the meristematic region of Arabidopsis roots. The Ca2+-sensitive dye Fura-2 and ratiometric techniques were used to measure [Ca2+]i in cells of the root meristem region. Resting [Ca2+]i was found to be between 100 and 200 μmol m−3 in roots of untreated plants. Resting [Ca2+]i changed in response to changes in the [Ca2+] surrounding growing roots. An increase of external [Ca2+] increased [Ca2+]i; conversely, a decrease of external [Ca2+] decreased [Ca2+]i. Exposure of roots to NaCl caused a rapid reduction of [Ca2+]i, a response that was proportional to the external NaCl concentration. Thus, as the NaCl concentration was increased, [Ca2+]i in root meristematic cells decreased. Root elongation was also inhibited in proportion to the external NaCl concentration, with maximal inhibition occurring at 120 mol m−3 NaCl. The [Ca2+]i of root meristem cells also changed in response to ABA, and the magnitude of the effect of ABA was dependent upon ABA concentration. Treatment with 0.2 mmol m−3 ABA caused a momentary increase in [Ca2+]i followed by a decrease after 15 min, but 10 mmol m−3 ABA caused an immediate decline in [Ca2+]i. There was a strong positive correlation between [Ca2+]i and root elongation rates. Experiments with the ABA-deficient Arabidopsis mutant aba-3 indicated that the reduction in [Ca2+]i brought about by NaCl was unlikely to be mediated via changes in endogenous ABA. Experiments with solutes such as sorbitol, KCl and NaNO3 indicated that the effects of NaCl could be mimicked by other solutes and was not specific for NaCl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00007.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of two temperate episodes in late Pleistocene deposits at Marsworth, UK (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 778-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 Mammal faunas of the Marsworth channels Upper channel Elephant (indeterminate) Dicerorhinus hemitoechus (Falconer) Hippopotamus amphibius LinnMegaceros giganteus (Blumenbach) Cervus elaphus LinnBison priscus Bojanus Arvicola terrestris LinnMicrotus sp. Lower channel Canis lupus ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/309778a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine and cotinine replacement when nicotine nasal spray is used to quit smoking (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 137 (1998), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Nicotine nasal spray ; Smoking cessation ; Nicotine replacement ; Cotinine replacement ; Expired carbon monoxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nicotine nasal spray (NNS) is generally considered to be an effective smoking cessation aid, but all studies to date of NNS effectiveness have also utilized group therapy sessions or frequent laboratory visits to support their subjects’ stop smoking efforts. We studied 50 volunteers before they attempted to quit smoking and again at 1, 2 and 3 months after they received NNS to assist them in quitting smoking. No other stop smoking intervention was used, which more closely mimics the common practice of many individuals trying to stop smoking with the aid of a nicotine replacement product but without other supportive interventions. We found that 50% of the subjects quit smoking for the first month, 34% were still abstinent after 2 months and 32% quit smoking for 3 months. Those who quit smoking for the entire 3 months and who continued regular NNS use throughout had 67% cotinine replacement at the end of the first month, while another group which quit smoking for only the first month with the aid of NNS had 42% cotinine replacement at the end of that month. Our data confirm that NNS is an effective smoking cessation aid, but our abstinent rate at 3 months is slightly lower than in other studies in which group therapy was provided. Our data also indicate that higher NNS-induced cotinine replacement during the first month of quitting smoking (suggesting more frequent use of NNS) is associated with longer term quit-smoking success rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050629
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Technique for Estimating Polar Ozone Loss: Results for the Northern 1991/92 Winter Using EASOE Data (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 34 (1999), S. 365-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: stratospheric ozone ; Arctic ; chemical loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we describe a technique for estimating chemical ozone loss in the Arctic vortex. Observed ozone and temperature profiles are combined with the model potential vorticity field to produce time series of vortex averaged ozone mixing ratios on chosen isentropic surfaces. Model-derived radiative heating rates and observed vertical gradients of ozone are then used to estimate the change in ozone that would occur due to diabatic descent. Discrepancies with the observed ozone are interpreted as being of chemical origin, assuming that there is negligible horizontal transport or mixing of air into the vortex. The technique is illustrated using ozone sonde measurements collected during the 1991/92 European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment (EASOE), meteorological analyses from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and radiative heating rates extracted from the Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme (UGAMP) 3D General Circulation Model. Our results show that there was photochemical ozone destruction inside the Arctic vortex in early 1992 with a loss between 475 K and 550 K (around 20 km) of 0.32±0.15 ppmv in the first 20 days of January, equivalent to a rate of 0.51±0.24%/day (at the 95% confidence level).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006273211790
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate a sex pheromone ofSyndipnus rubiginosus, a sawfly parasitoid (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 291-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Syndipnus rubiginosus ; ethyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate ; parasitoid ; Pikonema alaskensis ; mass spectra ; ozonolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A female-produced sex pheromone ofSyndipnus rubiginosus Walley (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasitoid of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly,Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), was isolated and identified from hexane extracts of 250 virgin females. Column chromatography (Florisil), gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, and ozonolysis indicated the structure was ethyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate. The optimum male response is at 300–1000 ng (3–10FE). No cross-attraction betweenS. rubiginosus and the sympatric sawfly parasitoidS. gaspesianus (Provancher) could be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987857
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a multicomponent sex pheromone in the yellowheaded spruce sawfly (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; bioassay ; synergism ; sawfly ; Hymenoptera Tenthredinidae ; Pikonema alaskensis ; experimental design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The existence of a female-produced sex pheromone in the yellowheaded spruce sawfly,Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) was demonstrated by field and greenhouse bioassays. Virgin females, their empty cocoons (with which they were confined during handling procedures), and the hexane extract of these cocoons were attractive in the field. The only Florisil fraction of this extract consistently attractive by itself was that eluted with hexane, but three, more polar fractions (eluted with 5%, 25%, and 50% ether in hexane) each synergized the hexane fraction, increasing bioassay responses 10–30 times. Fractions derived directly from virgin females yielded comparable results. The greenhouse data corroborated the field data, except that the 5% ether-hexane fraction, while very synergistic in the field, was consistently inactive in the greenhouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984007
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocarbon components of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly sex pheromone (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 95-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Tenthredinidae ; Pikonema alaskensis ; hydrocarbons ; dienes ; synergists ; experimental design ; ozonolysis ; mass spectra ; methoxymercuration ; Hymenoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The primary sex pheromone of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly,Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), was found to include a series of straight-chain hydrocarbon dienes, all with the double bonds in the 9 and 19 positions and all with the (Z, Z) configuration. The major components, of 29, 31, 33, 35, and 37 carbon atoms, were synthesized. In the field and the greenhouse, the synthetic dienes were far above control levels in activity but, at least during the first hours of bioassay, were somewhat less active than the female-derived materials on a weight basis. In the field, a mixture of all five synthetic dienes, in the proportions found in the females, was more attractive than any single one, on a mole basis. In addition, (Z, Z)-9,19 dienes of 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, and 39 carbons have been detected in females in minor amounts. The first five were bioassayed, and each was found to be similar in activity to the 35-carbon component when compared on a weight basis. The synthetic dienes, while active by themselves, were strongly synergized by two, more polar, Florisil fractions derived from females. Experimental design considerations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984008
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