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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 697-701 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Phäochromocytom ; Sipple-Syndrom ; Tumor „Marker“ ; Paraneoplastische Hormonsekretion ; Calcitonin ; Pheochromocytoma ; Sipple-syndrome ; Tumor marker ; Paraneoplastic hormone secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary As pheochromocytoma sometimes is accompanied by medullary thyroid carcinoma (in the sense of multiple endocrine adonomatosis type II=Sipple-Syndrome), serum calcitonin (CT) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 4 patients with pheochromocytoma. Before extirpation of the adreno-medullary tumor, serum CT was distinctly increased to 3 and 30 ng/ml in 2 of 4 patients, respectively. After removal of the tumor, serum CT was normal in the patients and pentagastrin stimulation produced no exaggerated CT response. In hydrochloric acid extracts from the two corresponding pheochromocytoma tissues, immunoreactive-Calcitonin (IR-CT) was detected, the concentrations amounting 1 and 4 ng/mg wet tissue. These findings suggest that hypercalcitonism in patients with pheochromocytoma cannot always be ascribed to the thyroid, i.e. increased calcitonin levels do not necessarily indicate a medullary carcinoma of this organ.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Da Phäochromocytome in Kombination mit einem medullären Schilddrüsen-Carzinom auftreten können (multiple endokrine Adenomatose Typ II=Sipple-Syndrom), wurden bei 4 Patienten mit Phäochromocytomen die Serumcalcitoninspiegel radioimmunologisch bestimmt. Bei 2 der 4 Patienten fanden sich vor Operation des Nebennierenmarktumors deutlich erhöhte Calcitoninspiegel von 3 und 30 ng/ml. Nach Entfernung des Tumors normalisierten sich die Calcitoninspiegel, ebenso erzeugte die Pentagastrin-Stimulation keinen pathologischen Anstieg des Calcitonins. In salzsauren Extrakten aus den entsprechenden beiden Phäochromocytomen fand sich radioimmunologisch bestimmbares Calcitonin; die Werte betrugen 1und 4 ng/mg Frischgewicht. Der Nachweis einer Hypercalcitoninämie bei Patienten mit Phäochromocytomen läßt daher nicht unbedingt den Schluß auf ein gleichzeitig bestehendes medulläres Schilddrüsen-Carcinom zu, da offensichtlich Nebennierenmarktumoren zu Calcitoninproduktion und -sekretion fähig sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 6 (1970), S. 143-150 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Bone ; Atrophy ; Formation ; Tetracycline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La patte arrière gauche de trente rattes Sprague-Dawley a été immobilisée par une attelle plâtrée. Dix rattes témoins ont été utilisées (groupe A): les 30 rattes plâtrées ont été réparties en 4 groupes. Le groupe B n'a pas reçu de traitement. Le groupe C a reçu, par injection sous-cutanée quotidienne, 50 MRC mU de calcitonine (préparée par les auteurs) dans 5% de gélatine. Le groupe D a reçu 5% de gélatine. Le groupe E a reçu 50 MRC mU de calcitonine (Ciba), dans 5% de gélatine par jour, en sous-cutanée. Après 6 jours, les fémurs et tibias ont été pesés, radiographiés et étudiés histologiquement. Les os du groupe A sont normaux. Les os des groupes B, C, D et E présentent une ostéoporose d'immobilisation du coté gauche, avec diminution de l'os trabéculaire, sans traduction radiologique. Le traitement à la calcitonine n'a pas inhibé l'ostéoporose. La pression exercée par les attelles plâtrées a induit une apposition périostée, au niveau de quelques tibias. Après traitement à la calcitonine, une apposition augmentée a été observée au niveau des fémurs et tibias. La gélatine, seule, n'a pas eu d'effet. Bien que la calcitonine n'ait pas agi sur l'ostéoporose d'immobilisation, elle semble pourtant favoriser les processus ostéogéniques provoqués par d'autres mécanismes.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung 30 weibliche Sprague-Dawley-Ratten erhielten zur Immobilisation der linken hinteren Extremität einen Gipsverband. Die Tiere wurden in folgende 4 Gruppen unterteilt: B) keine Therapie. C) 50 MRC mE Calcitonin (eigene Präparation) in 5% Gelatine täglich s.c. D) Lösungsmittel in 5% Gelatine täglich s.c. E) 50 MRC mE Calcitonin (Ciba) in 5% Gelatine täglich s.c. Zusätzlich diente eine Gruppe ohne Gipsverband sowie ohne Therapie als Kontrolle (A). Nach 6 Wochen Versuchsdauer wurden die Femora und Tibiae geröntgt, gewogen und histologisch untersucht. In der Kontrollgruppe(A) bestand kein Unterschied zwischen rechter und linker Seite. In den Gruppen B, C, D und E hatte sich eine deutliche Immobilisationsosteoporose entwickelt (Rarefizierung der Spongiosa des Femurhalses), die röntgenologisch nicht nachgewiesen werden konnte. Die Therapie mit Calcitonin konnte diese Immobilisationsatrophie nicht verhindern. Der mechanische Reiz des Gibsverbandes erzeugte eine periostale Apposition in einigen Tibiae der Gruppen B und D. Nach Gabe von Calcitonin entwickelte sich diese periostale Neubildung in allen Femora und Tibiae der Gruppen C und E. Außerdem war das Ausmaß der Apposition unter Calcitonintherapie wesentlich größer. Das Lösungs-mittel allein hatte keinen Einfluß auf die beschriebenen Veränderungen. Calcitonin konnte die Entwicklung einer Immobilisationsosteoporose nicht verhindern, die Knochenneubildung nach Auslösung durch mechanische Einflüsse wurde dagegen wesentlich verstärkt.
    Notes: Abstract In thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats the left hind leg was immobilized with plaster casts. According to treatment they were divided into the following groups: A) Control, no casts. B) No treatment. C) 50 MRC mU calcitonin (own preparation) in 5% gelatin subcutaneously per day. D) Vehicle alone subcutaneously. E) 50 MRC mU calcitonin (Ciba) in 5% gelatin subcutaneously per day. In addition, untreated rats without casts served as control (group A). After 6 weeks the femora and tibiae were X-rayed, weighed and examined histologically. The bones of the left and right legs did not differ in control group A. In groups B, C, D, and E a disuse osteoporosis had developed in the left legs (rarefication of trabecular bone volume of femur neck) which could not be seen in X-rays. Calcitonin treatment did not prevent the development of the bone atrophy. However, the pressure of the plaster casts had induced a periosteal apposition in some tibiae, and under calcitonin treatment the extent of this new formation in all femora and tibiae was markedly increased. The vehicle alone was ineffective. It can be concluded that whereas calcitonin is without effect on disuse osteoporosis, it probably favours new bone formation which is induced by other mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 133 (1980), S. 151-156 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Parathyroid hormone ; Anticonvulsant bone disease ; Urinary cyclic AMP ; Urinary hydroxyproline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serum calcitonin (CT) levels and other aspects of calcium metabolism were investigated in 40 epileptic children receiving long-term treatment with phenytoin and/or other anticonvulsant drugs, and in 38 age-matched controls. In the patients CT levels were significantly lower. Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was significantly elevated exceeding the upper limit of controls in 11 patients. We also observed a highly significant correlation between iPTH and urinary cyclic AMP (cAMP) excretion but a lack of such a correlation with the renal handling of phosphate; this indicates to us a dissociation between cAMP production and phosphaturia. A significant correlation between iPTH levels and urinary hydroxyproline excretion points to a normal action of PTH on bone in the patients. The low CT levels are not due to hypocalcemia and may be directly attributed to the effects of anticonvulsant drugs. As the primary effect of CT is a direct inhibition of PTH induced calcium loss from bone, the drug-related low CT levels in association with secondary hyperparathyroidism possibly is an additional factor in anticonvulsant bone disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 143 (1984), S. 112-116 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: C-cell-carcinoma ; Pheochromocytoma ; Neuroma ; Calcitonin ; Carcinoembryonic antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three patients with a sporadic form of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) IIb are presented. MEN IIb is the association of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC), pheochromocytoma and multiple mucosal neuromata. The age at diagnosis and primary therapy of MTC was relatively late (8, 16, 18 years) although thyroid enlargement (two cases), typical marfanoid habitus (two cases) or multiple mucosal neuromata (one case) had been evident since early childhood. The diagnosis was confirmed by measurements of tumour markers like calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for MTC, measurements of vanillylmandelic acid for pheochromocytoma, evaluation of the thyroid gland by sonography, scintigraphy and fine needle biopsy, and investigation of the adrenals by computer tomography and meta-(I-131) iodobenzylguanidine (I-131-MIBG) scintigraphy. After surgical treatment determinations of tumour markers confirmed relapses of MTC in all cases. Early diagnosis of MEN IIb, which could be made by recognition of the typical clinical appearance, is of special importance because of the poor prognosis of MTC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Carcinoembryonic antigen ; Medullary thyroid carcinoma in vitro ; Organ culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tissue cultures of four C-cell carcinomas (medullary thyroid carcinoma, MTC) were prepared to study the basal and stimulated calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) release. Immunohistological staining of the explants for CT and CEA have been performed after various periods of culture. These MTC explants were able continuously to release CT and CEA for periods up to 157 days. The spontaneous CT and CEA release decreased sharply during the 1st week of culture, then remained nearly constant over the observation period. The CEA/CT secretion ratio slightly declined during long-term culture; CEA release seems to drop earlier than CT production. CT and CEA could be detected in the same cells by immunocytochemical technique. The septal tissue consisting of dense connective tissue and amyloid produced by tumor cells seemed to increase during long-term culture. CT, but not CEA, was stimulated by pentagastrin (10−5 M), glucagon (6×10−6 M), and dose related by calcium (2.5–20 mM) in vitro. The MTC explant organ long-term culture proved to be a useful model for studies of human CT and CEA secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 111 (1986), S. 284-288 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: C-cell carcinoma ; Monolayer culture ; Calcitonin ; Carcinoembryonic antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mechanically dissociated cells from a surgically removed mediastinal C-cell carcinoma (MTC) were cultured over a period of 4 months. The cells of the monolayer culture consisted of clusters of small epithelial-like cells. Using semithin and ultrathin sections, two different types of cells could be characterized by shape of nucleus and by content and distribution of secretory granules. One type of cell showed a more irregularly shaped nucleus, the other contained a large oval nucleus, similar to the normal C-cell of the human thyroid. Calcitonin (CT) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in supernatants in duplicate by radioimmunoassays. Radioimmuno-detectable CT levels in the supernatant of culture medium varied between 0.8 and 1.6 ng/ml and CEA levels between 5 and 27 ng/ml during a 2-month period. The present study proves that in monolayer-cultured cells of a MTC, metastases continue to produce radioimmuno-detectable CT and CEA. Whether the two different cell types in culture are relevant for carcinoma needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Neuron-specific enolase ; Medullary thyroid carcinoma ; Tumor marker ; Calcitonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an enzyme detectable in nervous and neuroendocrine tissue. Increased serum levels of NSE are found in small cell lung cancer and in patients with neuroblastoma, in whom NSE is used as a serum tumor marker. We have investigated 32 patients with histologically proven medullary thyroid carcinoma, a tumor of neuroendocrine origin, in which the classical tumor marker calcitonin (CT) was pathologically elevated. Positive immunocytochemistry for NSE and CT in C-cells was obtained in all cases. Increased serum NSE levels were found in only 5 of 32 patients, there was no correlation between NSE and CT concentrations. We also compared NSE and CT serum levels during long-term follow-up and again found no correlation between NSE and CT. After i.v. stimulation tests with pentagastrin and calcium, no correlation was found between NSE and CT serum levels. We conclude, therefore, that in medullary thyroid carcinoma NSE is useful for immunocytochemistry but not a reliable serum tumor marker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 160 (1973), S. 152-165 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Pancreatic secretion in man ; Secretin ; Cholecystokininpancreozymin ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Calcitonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influences of acute changes of the serum calcium and of calcitonin (CT) on the exocrine pancreatic function have been studied in man. During stimulation with secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) Ca++-glucolactobionate, Na2-EDTA, porcine and human synthetic CT were infused i.v. Hypercalcemia provoked an increase of enzyme secretion under unstimulated and secretin stimulated conditions; however, in the case of CCK-PZ administration enzyme output was not altered. EDTA-hypocalcemia inhibited pancreatic secretion during secretin as well as during CCK-PZ infusions. CT doses above 2 MRCU caused a decrease of enzyme secretion during simultanous secretin/CCK-PZ administration by about 70–80% of the initial value without decreasing serum Ca++; doses of 0.5 MRCU and less were without effect. In none of the experiments bicarbonate secretion was affected. The results show important changes of the pancreatic enzyme secretion during acute hyper- and hypocalcemia, while calcitonin exerts an inhibitory effect during normocalcemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Rat pancreas ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Calcitonin ; Rattenpankreas ; Hypercalciämie ; Hypocalciämie ; Calcitonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die stimulierte exokrine Pankreasfunktion der Ratte läßt sich durch akute Hypercalciämie, ÄDTA-Hypocalciämie oder Calcitoningabe nicht beeinflussen. Dieses Verhalten steht im Gegensatz zur Reaktion des Magens der Ratte auf Calciumreize.
    Notes: Summary In the rat, stimulated exocrine pancreatic secretion is not influenced by acute hypercalcemia, EDTA hypocalcemia or calcitonin administration. This unresponsiveness is in contrast to the reaction of the rat stomach to calcemic challenges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 156 (1971), S. 259-267 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Bone-density ; Castration of female rats ; Calcitonin ; Secondary hyperparathyroidism ; Osteoporose ; Knochendichte ; Kastration bei der weiblichen Ratte ; Calcitonin ; Sekundärer Hyperparathyreoidismus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 16 weibliche Sprague-Dawley-Ratten wurden ovarektomiert, während der 17wöchigen Versuchsdauer erhielten 8 davon täglich 200 mE Calcitonin in 5% Gelatine (Gruppe B), die übrigen ovarektomierten Tiere (Gruppe C) sowie 8 scheinovarektomierte Kontrolltiere (Gruppe A) erhielten das Lösungsmittel in 5% Gelatine. Die Auswirkung der Kastration und der Calcitoninbehandlung auf den Knochen wurde an Hand der folgenden Parameter untersucht: Femurmasse,-dichte und -calciumgehalt sowie Spongiosavolumen des 4. Schwanzwirbelkörpers. Die ovarektomierten Ratten entwickelten eine Osteoporose, die durch verringerte Knochendichte und in bezug auf das Körpergewicht durch verringerte Knochenmasse und -calciumgehalt ausgezeichnet war. Eine Calcitonindauerbehandlung vermochte die Entwicklung dieser Osteoporose nicht zu verhindern, möglicherweise förderte Calcitonin über einen sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus den Knochenabbau.
    Notes: Summary 16 female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovarectomized. 8 of them were daily injected with 200 mU of calcitonin in 5% gelatin (group B), the other ovarectomized rats (group C) as well as 8 sham-operated control animals (group A) were only injected with the vehicle in 5% gelatin. The experiment lasted 17 weeks. Bone changes following castration and calcitonin-therapy were analyzed by determining weight, density and calcium-content of the femur and spongiosal volume of the 4th caudal vertebra. The ovarectomized rats developed an osteoporosis which was characterized by reduced bone density, and in relation to body-weight by reduced bone-weight and calcium-content. It was impossible to prevent the development of this osteoporosis by longterm treatment with calcitonin, on the other hand calcitonin may have favoured osteolysis via secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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