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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Common bile duct stones — Gallbladder — Bile duct calculi — Laparoscopic cholecystectomy — Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Common bile duct stones (CBDS) are a frequent problem (10–15%) in patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Over the last decade, new diagnostic and surgical techniques have expanded the options for their management. This report of the Consensus Development Conference is intended to summarize the current state of the art, including principal guidelines and an extensive review of the literature. Methods: An international panel of 12 experts met under the auspices of the European Association of Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) to investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives for gallstone disease. Prior to the conference, all the experts were asked to submit their arguments in the form of published results. All papers received were weighted according to their scientific quality and relevance. The preconsensus document compiled out of this correspondence was altered following a discussion of the external evidence made available by the panel members and presented at the public conference session. The personal experiences of the participants and other aspects of individualized therapy were also considered. Results: Our panel of experts agreed that the presence of common bile duct stones should be investigated in all patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Based on preoperative noninvasive diagnostics, either endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) or intraoperative cholangiography should be employed for detecting CBDS. Eight of the 12 panelists recommended treating any diagnosed CBDS. For patients with no other extenuating circumstances, several treatment options exist. Stones can be extracted during ERCP, or either before or (in exceptional cases) after laparoscopic or open surgery. Bile duct clearance should always be combined with cholecystectomy. Evidence for further special aspects of CBDS treatment is equivocal and drawn from nonrandomized trials only. Conclusions: The management of common bile duct stones is currently undergoing some major changes. Many diagnostic and therapeutic strategies need further study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging – Gastrointestinal tract – Contrast agent – Inflammatory bowel disease – Crohn's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of the study was to evaluate the additional findings of MRI following small bowel enteroclysis and to compare the efficacy of negative and positive intraluminal contrast agents. Fifty patients with inflammatory or tumorous small bowel disease were investigated by small bowel enteroclysis and consecutive MRI using breathhold protocol (T1-weighted fast low-angle shot, T2-weighted turbo spin echo). Patients were randomly assigned to either receiving a positive oral (Magnevist, Schering, Berlin, Germany) or a negative oral MR contrast media (Abdoscan, Nycomed, Oslo, Norway). The pattern of contrast distribution, the contrast effect, presence of artifacts, as well as bowel wall and extraluminal changes, were determined and compared between the contrast type using Fischer's exact test. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for MRI and enteroclysis were calculated. Twenty-seven patients had clinically proven Crohn's disease and two patients surgically proven small bowel tumours. Magnetic resonance imaging had important additional findings as abscesses and fistulae in 20 patients. Surgically compared sensitivities were 100 and 0 % for MRI and enteroclysis, for the detection of abscesses, and 83.3 and 17 % for the diagnosis of fistulae, respectively. Bowel wall thickening was more reliably detected with use of positive oral contrast media without intravenous enhancement (p 〈 0.001), whereas postcontrast negative oral contrast media allow for a superior detection (p 〈 0.001). T2-weighted sequences were necessary with use of negative oral contrast media, because loop abscesses may be masked. Magnetic resonance imaging should be performed in all patients with suspicion of extraintestinal complications, because the complications are more reliably detected by MRI. Negative oral contrast media show advantages with the use of intravenous contrast but can mask loop abscesses using only T1-weighted imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Papilloma ; Breast ; MRM ; Galactography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was evaluation of MRI alone and in combination with mammography and galactography in the diagnosis of intraductal papillomas. From 1994 to 1998, a total of 48 women presenting with pathologic mammary secretion underwent galactography and magnetic resonance mammography (MRM). Thirty-five patients aged 16–71 years (average age 46 years) subsequently underwent surgery or diagnostic puncture and the histologic findings were compared with the results of the radiologic examination. Histology revealed papillomas in 16 cases. In 6 of these patients, there was associated malignant degeneration. Malignancy without associated papilloma was observed in 3 cases. Galactography displayed a sensitivity of 94 % and a specificity of 79 % with five false-positive findings and one false-negative finding in the recognition of intraductal papillomas. Malignant processes were detected by mammography/galactography in only one instance. Magnetic resonance mammography visualized pathologic contrast medium uptake in 8 of 9 cases of malignant disease (sensitivity 89 %). One patient with in situ ductal carcinoma escaped detection with MRM. Papillomas showed no or below-the-threshold-lying contrast uptakes with no specific sign suggestive of papilloma. Galactography in combination with mammography remains the primary diagnostic procedure in cases of pathologic mammary secretion or suspected papilloma. The addition of MRI permits exclusion of malignant disease with a high degree of certainty; thus, expectant management in individual cases with negative findings appears justified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Flächendosisprodukt ; Dosimetrie ; Durchleuchtung ; Radiographie ; Miktionszysturethrographie ; Key words Dose-area product ; Dosimetry ; Fluoroscopy ; Radiography ; Voiding cystourethrography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Objective: Determination of the proportion of the dose-area product caused by fluoroscopy at voiding cystourethrography in children, using digital image intensifier technology. Patients and methods: Using computer-assisted dosimetry, we determined the dose-area product and the respective proportions of the dose-area product caused by fluoroscopy and radiography as well as the number of radiographs taken at a given examination of 40 children (8 children less than 2 years old, 15 children between 2 and 6 years old and 17 children between 6 and 15 years old). Results: The computer software program correctly differentiated between fluoroscopy and radiography in 80 % of cases. Incorrect results were primarily observed in newborns and young children. The total radiation dose ranged in relation to patient age from 22 to 651 cGy × cm2. Fluoroscopy was responsible for an average 78 % of the applied radiation dose. Conclusion: Computer-assisted dosimetry is useful in determining the proportion of the dose-area product caused by fluoroscopy in older children undergoing voiding cystourethrography. When image intensifier technology is used, this accounts for more than 75 % of the total radiation dose. The method is not suitable for use in small children.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel: Bestimmung des Anteils der Durchleuchtung am Gesamtflächendosisprodukt beim Kindermiktionszysturethrogramm in digitaler Bildverstärkertechnik. Material und Methode: Bei 40 Kindern (8 Kinder 〈 2 Jahre, 15 Kinder zwischen 2 und 6 Jahren und 17 Kinder zwischen 6 und 15 Jahren) wurden PC-gestützt die Anzahl der Zielaufnahmen, deren Anteil am Gesamtflächendosisprodukt sowie der durchleuchtungsbedingte Anteil am Gesamtflächendosisprodukt ermittelt. Ergebnisse: In 80 % der Fälle ermöglichte der Einsatz des Computerprogramms eine korrekte Differenzierung zwischen Fluoroskopie und Radiographie. Falsche Ergebnisse fanden sich hauptsächlich bei Neugeborenen und Kleinkindern. Die Gesamtstrahlenbelastung variierte abhängig vom Patientenalter zwischen 22 und 651 cGy × cm2, durchschnittlich betrug der Anteil der Durchleuchtung 78 %. Schlußfolgerung: PC-gestützt ist es möglich den Anteil der Durchleuchtung am Gesamtflächendosisprodukt bei älteren Kindern, die sich einem Miktionszysturethrogramm unterziehen, zu ermitteln. Dieser beträgt bei Verwendung der digitalen Bildverstärkertechnik mehr als 75 %. Bei Neugeborenen und Kleinkindern versagt die Methode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter A. ischiadica ; Aneurysma ; Thrombolyse ; Angiographie ; Keywords Sciatic artery ; Aneurysm ; Thrombolysis ; Angiography ; Stentgraft
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The sciatic artery is a rarely seen variant of the vessels of the lower limb. Anatomically it is the prolongation of the inferior gluteal artery and accompanies the sciatic nerve from the sciatic foramen to the knee. More than other vessels, the sciatic artery shows vasculopathies like diffuse dilatation or aneurysms. This report describes an interesting case of embolic acute ischemia, caused by a persistent sciatic artery with an aneurysm. We treated the ischemia with intraA. l lysis and bridged the aneurysm with an covered stent.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die A. ischiadica ist eine selten zu findende anatomische Variante des Gefäßsystems der unteren Extremität. Anatomisch entspricht die A. ischiadica einer Verlängerung der A. glutea inferior und begleitet den N. ischiadicus ab dem Foramen ischiadicum bis zum Knie, wo sie in die Unterschenkelarterien mündet und zu den muskelversorgenden Arterien gehört. Die A. ischiadica neigt aufgrund eines minderwertigen Gefäßaufbaus zu Vaskulopathien. Insbesondere aneurysmale Dilatationen der A. ischiadica sind mit einer hohen Inzidenz beschrieben worden. Der vorliegende Fallbericht beschreibt den interessanten Fall einer akuten Ischämie im Bereich des Unterschenkels, ausgelöst durch Thromben aus einer aneurysmatisch veränderten A. ischiadica. Die akute Ischämie wurde erfolgreich durch eine intraarterielle Lyse behandelt. Das Aneurysma wurde sekundär durch eine beschichtete Stentprothese ausgeschaltet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 843-844 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 591-592 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words Crohns' disease • MRI in Crohns' disease • Enteroclysis • MRI ; Schlüsselwörter M. Crohn • MRT bei M. Crohn • Enteroklyse • MRT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Trotz der Verbesserung der MR-tomographischen Diagnostik wird die MRT weiterhin nur selten in der Routinediagnostik bei entzündlichen Dünndarmerkrankungen eingesetzt. Ziel der Untersuchung war die Korrelation der Befunde von Enteroklyse und MRT bei Patienten mit bekanntem M. Crohn nach Optimierung der Darmkontrastierung. Ferner wurde untersucht, ob die MRT Zusatzinformationen zur Enteroklyse liefern kann. 60 Patienten im Alter von 17–72 Jahren wurden untersucht. Zunächst wurde eine Enteroklyse in konventioneller Technik durchgeführt, wobei der Methylzellulose in einer Mischung von 1:10 positives orales MR-Kontrastmittel (Magnevist enteral) zugesetzt wurde. Nach Abschluß der Enteroklyse erfolgte die MRT unter Verwendung T1- und T2-gewichteter Sequenzen (Flash 2D vor und nach i. v. Gd-DTPA bzw. TSE) in Atemanhaltetechnik in koronarer und axialer Schnittführung. Die in der Enteroklyse nachweisbaren Schleimhautveränderungen und Stenosenlänge entsprachen einer nachweisbaren Darmwandverdickung bzw. Stenose in der MRT. Mit der MRT konnten bei 28 Patienten Zusatzbefunde wie Fisteln, Abszesse oder Hydronephrosen diagnostiziert werden, oder die Stenose war wegen der überlagerungsfreien Darstellung in der MRT besser beurteilbar als mittels Enteroklyse. Mit der MRT kann ein wesentlicher Beitrag in der Diagnostik von entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen geleistet werden. Grundvoraussetzung scheint vor allem ein hohes Füllungsvolumen des Dünndarmes zu sein, um eine homogene Kontrastierung und gute Distension zu erreichen.
    Notes: Summary In spite of the improved MR-diagnosis of the abdomen, MRI is not used as a routine method for the diagnosis of inflammatory small bowel disease. The aim of this study was – after optimazation of the bowel opacification – the correlation of the findings obtained with enteroclysis and MRI in patients with known Crohns' disease. 60 patients beween 17 and 72 years of age were investigated. First, an enteroclysis was performed in typical manner. The applicated methylcellulosis was blended with positive oral MR contrast media (Magnevist oral, Schering). After enteroclysis, MRI of the abdomen was performed using T1- and T2-weighted breathhold sequences (Flash 2D pre- and postcontrast and TSE) in axial and coronal planes. The lenght of the affected bowel and the stenosis seen with enteroclysis correlated well with the visible thickening of the small bowel wall and the stenosis seen in MRI. Using MRI, additional findings could be obtained in 28 patients, such as fistulas, abscesses or a hydronephrosis, or a better assessment of the stenosis was possible with MRI, because of the avoidance of overshadowing of the affected bowel loop with MRI. A brilliant MR-tomographic imaging of the small bowel is possible under the condition, that the small bowel contrast is optimal. The main prerequisite is a large filling volume of the small bowel to reach a homogeneous contrast and a good distension of the small bowel lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 381-388 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pankreas anulare ; Pankreas divisum ; Pankreasheterotopie ; Genetische Erkrankungen des Pankreas ; Moderne Bildgebung ; Key words Anular pancreas ; Pancreas divisum ; Heterotopic pancreas ; genetic disorders ot the pancreas ; Modern imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Developmental anomalies of the pancreas result from fusion failure between the dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts (pancreas divisum) or from rotational failure of the ventral bud (pancreas anulare). These variations and anomalies of the ductal anatomy can be asymptomatic throughout life or can cause varying symptoms in different age periods. Pancreas divisum and pancreas anulare can be confirmed exclusively by means of pancreatography. Congenital disorders of the pancreas derive from genetic defects involving different organ systems, which usually dominanate the clinical symptoms. Developmental anomalies and congenital disorders of the pancreas lead to varying morphological alterations of the organ which can be assessed by means of modern imaging.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Entwicklungsanomalien des Pankreas sind auf die embryonale Entstehung des Organs zurückzuführen und sind durch eine Malfusion (Pankreas divisum) oder eine Malrotation (Pankreas anulare) der beiden Anlagen verursacht. Diese Anomalien können lebenslang symptomlos bleiben oder in unterschiedlichen Altersstufen zu Beschwerden führen. Pankreas divisum und Pankreas anulare können letztlich nur durch eine Gangdarstellung des Pankreasganges gesichert werden. Bei den kongenitalen Erkrankungen liegen genetische Defekte vor, bei denen meist andere Organsysteme mitbetroffen sind und bei denen die extrapankreatischen Schäden meist im Vordergrund der Krankheitsbilder stehen. Sowohl die Entwicklungsanomalien des Pankreas als auch die kongenitalen Erkrankungen führen zu unterschiedlichsten morphologischen Veränderungen des Organs, die mit modernen bildgebenden Verfahren zu erfassen sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fortgeschrittenes Zervixkarzinom ; Blutung ; Embolisationsbehandlung ; Key words Cervix uteri ; Advanced carcinoma ; Hemorrhage ; Embolization treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: Retrospective evaluation of percutaneous interventional treatment of locally advanced cervical carcinoma. Materials and methods: Since 1991, 13 patients with advanced tumor disease have been referred to our department for diagnosis and therapy of an acute blood loss. In all patients (age 40–88 years, mean 61 years) hemorrhage was detected by decrease in red blood cell count. In all cases patients suffered from locally advanced or recurrent disease after surgery and/or additional radio- or chemotherapy. Embolization was performed by transfemoral access using minicoils in most cases, liquid agents less often and a covered vascular stent in one patient. Results: The site of the hemorrhage or the blood pooling of the tumor could be seen in all cases angiographically. Twenty-seven treatment cycles (2.1 per patient) were performed at intervals of 3 days to 6 months. The maximum time of follow-up and additional treatments if necessary was 1 year. In 9 of 13 patients (69%) the bleeding could be stopped immediately with a single treatment or initial treatment via both iliac arteries. One patient (7,7%) died during therapy because of an uncontrollable bleeding and consecutive decrease in red blood cells count. The remaining three patients (23%) showed slight persistent or recurrent bleeding, which could be managed interventionally until the following episode. There were two complications (15%) during therapy, representing a coil misplacement and a coil wash-out, which both could be managed interventionally. Conclusion: Hemorrhage following locally advanced or recurrent cervical carcinoma can be stopped interventionally in about 70% of cases. Even in partial success it is possible to manage the acute life-threatening situation. Follow-up examinations of up to 1 year justify this therapeutic concept.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die retrospektive Auswertung und Darstellung der Bedeutung interventioneller Methoden in der Behandlung von Patienten mit lokal fortgeschittenem Zervixkarzinom. Seit 1991 wurden uns 13 Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittener Tumorerkrankung und akuten Blutungen zur radiologischen Evaluierung und ggf. Intervention vorgestellt. Bei allen Patienten in einem Alter zwischen 40 und 88 Jahren (Durchschnitt: 61 J.) waren Blutungen mit deutlichem Hb-Abfall bis hin zur vitalen Bedrohung aufgetreten. In allen Fällen handelte es sich um Karzinome der Zervix uteri im fortgeschrittenem Stadium oder um Rezidive nach initialer Operation mit begleitender Radio- bzw. Chemotherapie. Bei allen Patienten konnten die Blutungsareale oder das Pooling des Kontrastmittel im Tumor angiographisch lokalisiert werden. Insgesamt erfolgten 27 Embolisationstherapien (2,1 pro Patient) in Abständen von 3 Tagen bis zu 6 Monaten und maximal über einen zeitlichen Verlauf von über 1 Jahr. In 9 von 13 Fällen konnte durch eine solitäre Behandlung bzw. eine zweizeitige Therapie über beide Iliakalarterien die Blutung akut zum Stillstand gebracht werden (69%). Eine Patientin verstarb noch während der Embolisation infolge des Blutverlustes (7,7%). Die anderen 3 Patientinnen zeigten abgeschwächt persistierende oder frühzeitig rezidivierende Blutungen (23%). Als Embolisate wurden vorwiegend Spiralen, selten flüssige Embolisate und einmal ein ummantelter Stent verwendet. Periinterventionelle Komplikationen traten in zwei Fällen auf. Hier gelang es sowohl eine fehlplazierte Spirale, als auch eine Embolisatverschleppung interventionell zu bergen. In etwa 70% können Tumorblutungen bei Zervixkarzinomen interventionell beherrscht werden. Auch wenn nur ein Teilerfolg zu verzeichnen ist, kann zumindest die lebensbedrohliche Akutsituation meist abgewendet werden. Daß z.T. Verläufe über 1 Jahr ohne Möglichkeit einer weiteren kurativen Behandlung der Tumoren vorliegen, rechtfertigt unserer Meinung nach diesen Therapiansatz.
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