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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 9 (1953), S. 94-95 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird der Versuch gemacht, den Einfluss des Lichtes auf die Samenkeimung (zum Beispiel Salatsamen, var. Grand Rapids) auf einen physikochemischen Mechanismus zurückzuführen. Dieser besteht darin, dass Elektronen in metastabilen Zuständen in Elektronenfallen festgehalten werden. Diese Auffassung wird dadurch gestützt, dass der Einfluss von Licht verschiedener Wellenlängen, verschiedener Temperaturen und verschiedener Sauerstoffkonzentrationen auf die Samenkeimung und auf bestimmte physiko-chemische Prozesse, die auf dem oben erwähnten Elektronenmechanismus beruhen, ähnlich ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 24 (1930), S. 763-803 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Aprotinin ; Tranexamsäure ; Extrakorporale Zirkulation ; Thrombosen ; Key words Aprotinin ; Tranexamic acid ; CPB ; Thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: Antifibrinolytic drug therapy has proved to be effective in reducing blood loss associated with cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Concerns remain regarding the risk of enhancing thrombosis. In the present study we investigated the effect of aprotinin (AP) and tranexamic acid (TA) on fibrinolysis and thrombin generation during CPB. Methods: 60 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomised in 3 groups. They received either aprotinin (“high-dose-scheme”), tranexamic acid (2 g/h) or no antifibrinolytic therapy (control group). Collection of blood was performed at 7 pre-, intra- and postoperatively predetermined intervals. Fibrinolytic activity was determined by measuring concentrations of D-dimer, thrombin generation by the measurement of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT). Results: There was no significant increase of D-dimers in the AP or TA group. D-dimer concentration in the control group increased significantly after starting CPB. Comparing with the control group, thrombin generation in the AP group was significant less, while TA group produced significantly higher values. Conclusion: After the administration of AP for cardiac surgery we observed reductions in both intraoperative fibrinolysis and thrombin generation. In case of TA suppression of fibrinolytic activity in the absence of concomitant reduction in thrombin generation occurred. These results suggest that TA could potentiate a hypercoagulable state with the risk of thrombosis in the perioperative setting.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Zur Reduktion des intra- und postoperativen Blutverlusts werden heute bei Eingriffen mit extrakorporaler Zirkulation (EKZ) in der Kardioanästhesie häufig antifibrinolytisch wirksame Substanzen eingesetzt. Es bestehen jedoch gleichzeitig Bedenken hinsichtlich ihres Potentials als Auslöser thrombotischer Komplikationen. Vorliegend sollte daher die Wirksamkeit von Aprotinin und Tranexamsäure auf die Fibrinolyse und Thrombingeneration während Herzoperationen unter EKZ miteinander verglichen werden. Methodik: 60 Patienten, die sich einer aortokoronaren Bypassoperation unterziehen mußten, wurden randomisiert in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt. Die erste Gruppe erhielt intraoperativ Aprotinin (“high-dose-Schema”), die zweite Gruppe Tranexamsäure (2 g/h), die dritte Gruppe diente als Kontrollgruppe und erhielt kein Antifibrinolytikum. Blutproben wurden zu 7 festgelegten Meßzeitpunkten prä-, intra- und postoperativ entnommen. Zur Kontrolle der Fibrinolyse wurden die D-Dimer-Konzentration, zur Bestimmung der Thrombingeneration die Konzentration der Thrombin-Antithrombin III-Komplexe (TAT) bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Zu keinem Meßzeitpunkt konnte weder unter Anwendung von Aprotinin noch von Tranexamsäure ein signifikanter Anstieg der D-Dimer-Konzentration verzeichnet werden, wogegen die D-Dimere in der Kontrollgruppe nach EKZ-Beginn signifikant anstiegen. Unter Aprotinin kam es außerdem zu einer signifikant geringeren Thrombingeneration im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Die Thrombingeneration in der Tranexamgruppe war im Gegensatz dazu signifikant höher als in der Kontrollgruppe. Schlußfolgerung: Aprotinin hemmt sowohl die Fibrinolyse als auch die Thrombingeneration und scheint damit eine Balance zwischen Blutgerinnung und Lyse herzustellen. Tranexamsäure hemmt zwar wirksam die Fibrinolyse, jedoch ohne gleichzeitige Reduktion der Thrombingeneration. Es könnte dadurch eine hyperkoagulabile Situation mit der Gefahr von thrombotischen Komplikationen in der perioperativen Phase entstehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 44 (1966), S. 212-215 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Kinetic studies on the decrease of the xylitol level in the blood after intravenous infusion of xylitol usually show two different processes: a rather quick one which is interpreted as distribution in the extracellular space, and a slower one of the distribution in the total intracellular space of the body. There is no significant difference in the speed of these two eliminating processes between premature infants, mature infants, 4–8 years old children, and adults between 30–41. The distribution in the intracellular space is certainly faster than the metabolic turnover of xylitol. Therefore, xylitol is temporarily accumulated especially in tissues which are not capable of metabolizing xylitol. The data of the elimination from the blood as well as those of the urinary excretion of xylitol reveal that premature infants already possess the full capacity of metabolizing xylitol.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der kinetischen Untersuchung des Blutspiegel-Abfalls nach intravenöser Xylit-Infusion lassen sich in der Regel zwei Vorgänge unterscheiden: Ein ziemlich rasch ablaufender Vorgang, der als Verteilung auf den Extracellulärraum gedeutet wird, und ein langsamerer Prozeß der Verteilung auf den gesamten Flüssigkeitsraum des Organismus. Zwischen Frühgeborenen, reifen Säuglingen, Kindern von 4–8 Jahren und Erwachsenen von 30–41 Jahren bestehen keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Geschwindigkeit des Ablaufs dieser beiden Eliminationsvorgänge. Auch der langsamere Verteilungsvorgang auf den gesamten Intracellulärraum verläuft sicher schneller als der Xylitumsatz, so daß es zu einer vorübergehenden Speicherung von Xylit kommt, besonders in den Geweben, die Xylit nicht direkt verwerten können. Aus den Daten für die Elimination aus dem Blut und die Ausscheidung von Xylit im Han geht hervor, daß bereits frühgeborene Säuglinge die volle Kapazität zum Umsatz von Xylit besitzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 531-536 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Plasmagonadotropine ; LH ; HCG ; HMG ; Plasmagonadotropine ; LH ; HCG ; HMG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Sieben normale junge Männer erhielten eine dreistündige Infusion von 50, 100 bzw. 500 IE HCG (=0,28, 0,56 und 2,8 IE HCG/min). Nach Infusion von 50 IE trat keine signifikante Änderung des radioimmunologisch gemessenen Plasma-LH/HCG auf. Nach 100 IE lag der Gipfel des Plasma-LH/HCG zwischen 5 und 69 mIE/ml; nach 500 IE annähernd bei 105 mIE/ml. Bei einem Patienten mit echtem Klinefelter-Syndrom und Ausgangswerten um 100 mIE/ml LH/HCG führte eine Infusion von 100 IE HCG nicht zu einer weiteren Steigerung des Plasma-LH/HCG. Ein Patient mit Impotentia coeundi sowie zwei Patienten mit isoliertem Gonadotropinmangel zeigten noch 24 Std nach der Infusion von 500 IE HCG deutlich erhöhte Plasma-LH/HCG-Werte. Die mittlere Halbwertszeit des HCG errechnete sich auf 17,6 Std. Die Infusion von HMG (79 IE FSH und 49 IE LH, bzw. die doppelte Dosis) führte nur zu einem passageren kleinen Gipfel des Plasma-LH nach dem ersten Drittel der Infusion. Der Zusatz von 50 IE HCG zu einer HMG-Infusion ließ einen deutlicheren Gipfel am Ende der Infusion erkennen.
    Notes: Summary Over a period of 3 hours seven normal young males were infused with 50, 100 and 500 IU HCG, corresponding to 0.28, 0.56 and 2.8 IU HCG/minute. During the administration of 50 IU HCG no change of plasma-LH/HCG pattern was observed. At the end of the infusion of 100 IU HCG and of 500 IU HCG the peak level of plasma-LH/HCG was found to be 55 to 69 mIU/ml and 105 mIU/ml, respectively. In a patient with Klinefelter's syndrom and elevated plasma-LH levels of about 100 mIU/ml no further increase of plasma gonadotrophins was seen during the infusion of 100 IU HCG. In a patient with impotentia coeundi as well as in two patients with isolated gonadotrophin deficiency, a markedly elevated plasma-LH/HCG was found 24 hours after the infusion of HCG. The mean half-life of HCG was calculated to be 17.6 hours. The infusion of HMG (79 IU FSH plus 49 IU LH; 158 IU FSH plus 98 IU LH) caused only a small temporary peak of plasma-LH/HCG 60 minutes after starting the experiment. The addition of 50 IU HCG to HMG led to a more pronounced peak of plasma-LH/HCG at the end of the infusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 33 (1997), S. 98-110 
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumen (translated by E. Pascual) Las formaciones ígneas asociadas con los depósitos de sulfuros masivos de la Faja Pirítica Ibérica (IPB) se componen esencialmente de doleritas y lavas básicas y de rocas volcánicas dacíticas a riolíticas; las lavas intermedias son poco abundantes. Las rocas básicas muestran caracteres geoquímicos variables: lavas y doleritas comparables a basaltos alcalinos intraplaca recientes parecen hasta ahora restringidos a las partes W y S de la IPB, mientras que rocas básicas de caracteres comparables a las de toleítas continentales o basaltos relacionados con arcos aparecen en toda la zona. Las rocas ácidas se clasifican como calcoalcalinas del tipo “low-Al2O3, high-Yb”. Para un contenido dado en SiO2, Al2O3 y TiO2, muestran contenidos variables en Zr, Nb y REE. El contenido en tierras raras pesadas decrece de dacitas a riolitas ([Gd/Yb]N ∼ 1), al tiempo que la anomalía de Eu se hace más pronunciada. La modelización de elementos trazas sugiere que las rocas evolucionaron a partir de un magma parental dacítico mediante cristalización fraccionada de hornblenda y plagioclasa. La fusión parcial de un protolito anfibolítico, que parece el modelo más plausible para el origen del magma dacítico, requiere un elevado gradiente T/P en la corteza. La existencia de basaltos alcalinos y de toleítas continentales es congruente con la formación de la IPB en un entorno tectónico distensivo. El emplazamiento en una cuenca “fore-arc”, en un segmento cortical de reciente acreción, se contempla como una hipótesis posible para explicar los caracteres geológicos y petrológicos. Un alto gradiente térmico, junto con la erupción en una cuenca submarina extensional, pueden haber sido los dos ingredientes clave en el desarrollo de los depósitos de sulfuros masivos en la IPB.
    Notes: Abstract Igneous formations associated with massive sulphide deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) are essentially composed of basic lavas and dolerites, and dacitic to rhyolitic volcanites; intermediate lavas are subordinate. The basic rocks show variable geochemical characteristics: lavas and dolerites comparable to recent within-plate alkaline basalts seem restricted to the western and southern parts of the IPB, whereas basic rocks comparable to continental tholeiites or arc-related basalts occur across the whole belt. The felsic rocks are classified as calc-alkaline and belong to the “low-Al2O3 and high-Yb type”. At given SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2 contents, they show variable Zr, Nb, and HREE contents. Heavy-rare-earth element fractionation decreases from the dacites to the rhyolites ([Gd/Yb]N ∼ 1), whereas the negative Eu-anomaly becomes more pronounced. The characteristics of the rhyolites are typical of sulphide-fertile volcanic packages. Trace-element modelling suggests that the felsic rocks evolved from a dacitic parent magma through fractional crystallization of hornblende and plagioclase. Partial melting of an amphibolite protolith, which appears as the most probable model for the origin of this dacitic magma, requires a high T/P gradient in the crust. The occurrence of alkaline basalts and continental tholeiites is consistent with formation of the IPB in a tensional tectonic setting. However, the associated island-arc tholeiites suggest a location in a domain of plate convergence. Emplacement in a fore-arc basin over a recently accreted crustal segment is envisaged as a possible hypothesis to account for the geological and petrological constraints. A high geothermal gradient and eruption in a submarine tensional basin could have been two key ingredients for the development of massive sulphide deposits within the IPB.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Viscum album ; Iscador Pini ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; lectins ; mistletoe extracts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mistletoe preparations have been shown to express immunomodulatory properties. In order to evaluate the stimulatory potency of different mistletoe extracts, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy and allergic/atopic individuals were exposed to aqueous or fermented extracts derived from Viscum album L. grown on apple trees (Mali-extracts) or on pines (Pini-extracts). None of them had received any mistletoe treatment. Iscador Pini was the only extract which strongly induced proliferation of PBMC in contrast to the other five preparations. On testing these extracts by Western blotting with anti-mistletoe lectin-1 (ML-1) antibody positive sera from mistletoe-treated patients, it became evident that Iscador Pini was almost devoid of lectins. The stimulatory potency of Iscador Pini for PBMC from three different groups was examined: PBMC from 35 normal controls (Group I), 23 patients with drug-induced adverse effects (Group II) and 16 individuals with allergic manifestations (Group III). Cells were exposed in 7-day cultures to the extract at concentrations between 1 and 10,000 μg/ml. PBMC from 63% of Group III individuals showed strong stimulation (SI varying from 6 to 97) in contrast to only 9% from Group I and 22% from Group II individuals. Anti-ML-1 antibodies were detected in 5% and anti-IP antibodies in 11% of subjects in the three groups. They were either of the IgA or IgM type but not of the IgG type. Our findings strongly imply that a non-lectin associated antigen from Iscador Pini is able to activate PBMC from healthy and allergic/atopic individuals, thereby demonstrating sensitization to probably highly conserved plant antigens.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words  Cancer patients ; Cytokines ; Mistletoe extract ; Viscum album ; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Mistletoe extracts are used in adjuvant cancer treatment, but little is known concerning their mode of action. There is, however, evidence that antigens in these extracts may stimulate cells of the immune system, thereby modifying the altered immunological reactivity in tumour patients. Methods: In order to find out whether the postulated immunomodulatory properties of mistletoe extracts are mediated by cytokines, a spectrum of different cytokines was analysed in the supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy (n = 23) and allergic (n = 16) individuals after stimulation with the fermented mistletoe lectin-1 (ML-1) free mistletoe extract Iscador Pini (IP) in vitro, and their cytokine patterns were compared to those from tumour patients with either breast cancer (n = 20) or colorectal tumours (n = 22). Results: PBMC from healthy and allergic individuals produced high levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and to a lesser extent Th1- and Th2-related cytokines. This finding was in contrast to data obtained in tumour patients. Thus, the concentration of TNF-α was significantly lower in the cell cultures from breast cancer patients than in controls, and patients with colorectal tumours released IFN-γ/IL-2 (5%) in the supernatants significantly less frequently than PBMC from healthy controls (26%). Similar results were obtained when the Th1- and monocyte/macrophage-related cytokines were analysed in the unstimulated cell cultures. Conclusions: These in vitro studies provide evidence that there is a reduced immunological reactivity to the fermented ML-1 free mistletoe extract in tumour patients and may give some clues as to how mistletoe-derived antigens could act on immune cells involved in the tumour defence.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 318-320 (Oct. 1999), p. 151-160 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 318-320 (Oct. 1999), p. 261-270 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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