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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of aldehyde dehydrogenase with inheritance of NIDDM (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 1115-1118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Aldehyde dehydrogenase ; chlorpropamide alcohol flushing test ; diabetes mellitus ; diabetic retinopathy ; ALDH2.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the influence of the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotype on the clinical features of diabetes, 212 Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (154 males and 58 females aged 17–83 years; mean age 58.2 years) were investigated. Genotyping of ALDH2 was performed by the polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The pattern of inheritance of diabetes and various clinical parameters was compared between active and inactive ALDH2 groups. Of the 212 subjects, 120 had active ALDH2 and 92 had inactive ALDH2. The percentage of patients with a diabetic mother was higher in the inactive ALDH2 group (32.6 %) than in the active ALDH2 group (19.2 %) (p 〈 0.05). The prevalence of proliferative retinopathy was lower in the inactive ALDH2 group than in the active ALDH2 group (p 〈 0.05). However, other clinical parameters showed no difference. We conclude that maternal inheritance of diabetes was common in the inactive ALDH2 group. The finding is suggestive of a relationship between alcohol intolerance and inheritance of diabetes. We speculate that the interaction between mitochondrial DNA and ALDH2 inactivity causes an increase of mitochondrial DNA mutations or deletions, thereby inducing the maternal inheritance of diabetes. The relationship of the ALDH2 genotype with proliferative retinopathy is interesting, because it resembles that of chlorpropamide alcohol flushing with severe diabetic retinopathy. The interaction of aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes might have an aetiological role, since aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 plays an important part in oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid. However, the number of affected patients with proliferative retinopathy was small, hence, our result should be considered as a preliminary finding. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 1115–1118]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400662
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A missense mutation in the CD38 gene, a novel factor for insulin secretion: association with Type II diabetes mellitus in Japanese subjects and evidence of abnormal function when expressed in vitro (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 1024-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords CD38 gene ; susceptibility ; missense mutation ; Type II diabetes mellitus ; cyclic ADP-ribose ; ADP-ribosyl cyclase ; cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cyclic adenosine 5′diphosphate-ribose (cADPR) is thought to have a second messenger role in insulin secretion through mobilisation of Ca2 +. As human lymphocyte antigen CD38 has both ADP-ribosyl cyclase and cADPR hydrolase activity, it may be important in glucose-induced insulin secretion in islets. Thirty one randomly selected Japanese patients with Type II diabetes mellitus who had first-degree and/or second-degree relative(s) with Type II diabetes mellitus were screened for mutations of this gene using single-stranded conformation polymorphism. Two variant patterns in exon 3 and exon 4 of the CD38 gene were identified. The variant in exon 3 resulted in an amino acid substitution from Arg140 (CGG) to Trp (TGG). The Arg140Trp mutation was observed in 4 of 31 patients, and allele frequencies were significantly different in patients and the control subjects (p = 0.004). One patient with this mutation has two missense mutations on beta cell/liver glucose transporter (GLUT2) gene; her mother, who has impaired glucose tolerance, also has this mutation on the CD38 gene and one missense mutation on the GLUT2 gene. Enzyme activity studies using COS-7 cells expressing the Arg140Trp mutation showed a reduction in ADP-ribosyl cyclase and cADPR hydrolase activity of around 50 %. The Arg140Trp mutation on CD38 thus appears to contribute to the development of Type II diabetes mellitus via the impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion in the presence of other genetic defects. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 1024–1028]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051026
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defects in insulin binding and receptor kinase in cells from a woman with type A insulin resistance and from her family (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin receptor ; type A syndrome of insulin resistance ; insulin binding ; autophosphorylation ; kinase activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Defects in insulin receptor function lead to impairment of the insulin response. We treated a patient with the typical phenotype of type A syndrome of insulin resistance whose insulin receptor seemed to lack the transmembrane region and cytoplasmic domain. Hyperinsulinaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin were evident, and insulin binding to cells and uptake of 2-deoxyglucose into fibroblasts were greatly decreased. Molecular weight of the α-subunit of the insulin receptor was normal, but autophosphorylation and kinase activity were impaired. In the pedigree analysis, defects in insulin binding were also observed in the mother, maternal grandfather and two maternal aunts, corresponding with the abnormality of the insulin receptor gene and mild insulin resistance. In the mother, much the same kinase defects as were seen in the patient became evident. However, no relatives had clinical symptoms similar to those seen in the patient. In the father there was a mild insulin resistance in the glucose clamp study and a borderline impaired glucose tolerance. Although insulin binding to cells was normal in the father, both autophosphorylation and kinase activity were reduced. Our findings suggest that insulin resistance in the patient may be caused by the defects in insulin receptor kinase activity as well as by a reduction in insulin binding activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500378
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No association of ALDH2 genotype in MELAS (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 1241-1242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050814
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of aldehyde dehydrogenase with inheritance of NIDDM (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 1115-1118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Aldehyde dehydrogenase ; chlorpropamide alcohol flushing test ; diabetes mellitus ; diabetic retinopathy ; ALDH2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate the influence of the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotype on the clinical features of diabetes, 212 Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (154 males and 58 females aged 17–83 years; mean age 58.2 years) were investigated. Genotyping of ALDH2 was performed by the polymerase chain reaction — restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The pattern of inheritance of diabetes and various clinical parameters was compared between active and inactive ALDH2 groups. Of the 212 subjects, 120 had active ALDH2 and 92 had inactive ALDH2. The percentage of patients with a diabetic mother was higher in the inactive ALDH2 group (32.6%) than in the active ALDH2 group (19.2%) (p〈0.05). The prevalence of proliferative retinopathy was lower in the inactive ALDH2 group than in the active ALDH2 group (p〈0.05). However, other clinical parameters showed no difference. We conclude that maternal inheritance of diabetes was common in the inactive ALDH2 group. The finding is suggestive of a relationship between alcohol intolerance and inheritance of diabetes. We speculate that the interaction between mitochondrial DNA and ALDH2 inactivity causes an increase of mitochondrial DNA mutations or deletions, thereby inducing the maternal inheritance of diabetes. The relationship of the ALDH2 genotype with proliferative retinopathy is interesting, because it resembles that of chlorpropamide alcohol flushing with severe diabetic retinopathy. The interaction of aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzymes might have an aetiological role, since aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 plays an important part in oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid. However, the number of affected patients with proliferative retinopathy was small, hence, our result should be considered as a preliminary finding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400662
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial and temporal expression pattern of POU-M1/SGF-3 in Bombyx mori embryogenesis (1997)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 206 (1997), S. 494-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words POU domain ; SGF-3 ; Cf1a ; Silk gland ; Salivary gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The expression pattern of the POU-M1/SGF-3 gene during Bombyx embryogenesis has been analysed using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. At the early embryo retraction stage, both the transcripts and protein were first detected in precursor cells of the prothoracic glands in the labial segment, in the oenocytes in the A1–A8 segments and in invaginated regions in the mandibular and maxillary segments. The invaginated regions in the mandibular segment develop into the abductor plates in the lateral anterior region and the adductor plates in the posterior region. From the latter plates, the salivary glands elongate. The invaginated regions in the maxillary segment develop into the corpora allata in the anterior region and the subbuccal glands in the posterior region, which unite with tissues of the anterior region of the mandibular segment at later stages. After the embryo retraction stage, the transcripts and protein products also become detectable in the silk gland invagination points and, after the blastokinesis stage, the products are restricted to the entire anterior silk glands and to the anterior and middle parts of the middle silk glands. Expression can also be detected in a part of the hindgut, in the tracheal system and in some cells of the central nervous system. These results indicate that POU-M1/SGF-3 might play roles in the development of the silk glands, nervous system, tracheal system and other organs like the prothoracic glands and oenocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050080
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of denervation on lymphocytes and dendritic cells in the rat circumvallate and foliate papillae (1997)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 196 (1997), S. 447-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words γδ T cell ; Langerhans cell ; Taste bud ; Denervation ; Tongue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The distribution of dendritic (Langerhans) cells and lymphocytes in rat circumvallate and foliate papillae was examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Light microscopic immunohistochemistry using anti-OX62 antibody, which recognizes both γδ T lymphocytes and dendritic cells, showed that many OX62-immunoreactive cells had invaded into the trench wall epithelium from the connective tissue at 6 days after sectioning of the glossopharyngeal nerves. The presence of OX62-immunoreactive cells in the epithelium was observed up to 17 days after the denervation, by which time the taste buds had disappeared from the trench wall. The OX62-positive cells were again observed in the connective tissue at 24 and 40 days when taste buds regenerated. The local circulation of OX62-positive cells between the epithelium and connective tissue is suggested. Most of the OX62-positive cells in the epithelium of circumvallate and foliate papillae were suggested to be γδ T cells, since they were round or spindle-shaped. Electron micrographs of OX62-positive cells also indicated that they were lymphocytes. Furthermore, they expressed CD3 but lacked CD4 and CD8 surface markers. A few dendritic cells, which reacted with anti-OX6 antibody, were observed in the circumvallate and foliate papillae in the control and denervated animals, and they were irregular in shape with long cytoplasmic processes. Electron micrographs taken at 6 days showed that the dendritic cells, which were characterized by the presence of Birbeck granules in the cytoplasm, were in contact with lymphocytes. The finding suggests that γδ T lymphocytes and dendritic cells in the rat circumvallate and foliate papillae interact with each other to respond to changes such as the presence or absence of taste buds in the epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050112
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colchicine-induced cell death and proliferation in the olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ of the mouse (1998)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 198 (1998), S. 43-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Colchicine ; Olfactory epithelium ; Vomeronasal organ ; Apoptosis ; Proliferation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The cytotoxic agent colchicine induced apoptotic cell death and subsequent regeneration in the mouse olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ. The TUNEL method revealed the presence of many apoptotic bodies in the middle to basal region of the septal olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ near the boundary of the respiratory epithelium at 1 day after a single i.p. injection of colchicine (4 mg/kg b.w.). In some regions of the third and the fourth nasal turbinates, massive apoptosis was observed in the olfactory epithelium. Electron micrographs of the septum showed that immature olfactory cells and globose basal cells were killed by the colchicine and had been phagocytized by the supporting cells and macrophages. In the vomeronasal organ, immature sensory cells and precursors died in response to the colchicine. In response to cell death, active proliferation of precursor cells (globose basal cells) and subsequent regeneration of olfactory cells occurred in the olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ. Incorporation of the mitotic tracer BrdU by precursor cells reached its peak at 4 days after colchicine treatment in the vomeronasal organ, and at 6 to 7 days in the olfactory epithelium; however, in some regions in the third and the fourth nasal turbinates, where many olfactory cells and globose basal cells had died by colchicine effect, the regeneration did not occur even in 1 month, forming the epithelium of only supporting cells and horizontal basal cells. In the next month, these regions became normal olfactory epithelium. This suggests that the globose basal cells in the surrounding normal olfactory epithelium might invade these regions to give rise to the olfactory cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050163
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-dependent morphological changes in the seminal colliculus in male mice (1979)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 158 (1979), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Neonatal mouse seminal colliculus ; Developmental changes ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Ruffled cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The developmental changes in the seminal colliculus of male mice were studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The epithelium of the mouse seminal colliculus is transformed to the mature epithelium between 20 and 25 days of age, while the transformation of the remaining urethral wall occurred from 5 to 10 days of age. During the process of this epithelial transformation at the seminal colliculus unusual structures, including prominent epithelial proliferations and protrusions, were observed in the area adjacent to the ejaculatory duct openings and the ventral area of the upper medial region of the seminal colliculus in 15-day-old mice. In these unusual structures, three types of cells were recognized by their surface characteristics: cells which had distinct borders and ruffled cell surfaces with microridges; cells which had distinct borders and flat or slightly ruffled cell surfaces with many short microvilli, and small cells which had rounded cell surfaces with many long microvilli. In the remaining area of the seminal colliculus, two types of cells were distinguished: those which had flat or slightly rounded cell surfaces with many short microvilli and those cells with many long microvilli similar to the ones in the previously described area. In 25-day-old mice, the unusual protruding structures were not observed, but some cells with ruffled surfaces were still seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315948
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of estrogen-independent persistent vaginal cornification in cyproterone acetate (CA)-induced feminized male mice (1977)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 151 (1977), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Feminized male mice ; Antiandrogen ; Neonatal estrogen treatment ; Estrogen-independent persistent vaginal cornification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pregnant ICR/JCL mice were treated with 6 mg of cyproterone acetate (CA) from days 14 to 20 of pregnancy to feminize male offspring. Feminized males delivered on day 20 of pregnancy by cesarean section were castrated the same day, injected with estradiol-17β(E2) or sesame oil from the day of delivery (=day 1) to day 10 and sacrificed on day 60. In oil-injected feminized males, the vaginal epithelium was atrophic and did not show cornification. In feminized males given 20 μg E2 neonatally, the vaginal epithelium exhibited well-differentiated stratified squamous organization, but was not cornified in seven out of the nine mice of this group. In the mice treated with 50 μg E2, persistent cornification was recognized most frequently in the posterior two-thirds of the vaginal epithelium which is considered to originate from the which may contain the epithelial cells of müllerian duct was low. These results provide supporting evidence for the possible participation of epithelial cells which come from the urogenital sinus in the development of estrogen-independent persistent vaginal cornification in neonatally estrogenized mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297475
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