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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXPERIMENTAL CHEMICAL PRODUCTION OF BRAIN TUMORS (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 381 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb50390.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carcinogenicity of di(N-nitroso)perhydropyrimidine (DNPP) after repeated low-dose intraperitoneal administration to rats (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 105 (1983), S. 191-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Di(N-nitroso)perhydropyrimidine ; Carcinogenicity in rats ; Squamous-cell carcinomas of the paranasal sinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We administered 0.07 (group I), 0.2 (group II), and 0.7 (group III) mg/kg body wt. di(N-nitroso)perhydropyrimidine (DNPP) intraperitoneally to male Sprague-Dawley rats once a week for life. DNPP treatment resulted in reduced survival times according to a dose-related pattern. Median survival times from the beginning of the experiment were 888 days in controls, 482 days in group I, 463 days in group II, and 122 days in group III. DNPP induced squamous-cell carcinomas of the paranasal sinus. No treatment-related tumors were seen in the 40 rats treated with the lowest dose of DNPP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406932
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of tumors of the forestomach in rats by oral application of N-methyl-N′-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 105 (1983), S. 194-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: N-Methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine ; tumors in forestomach ; glandular stomach ; liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After 12 oral applications of 80 mg/kg MNNG as a suspension in 30% aqueous ethanol at weekly intervals, 98 Sprague-Dawley rats died with multiple tumors of the forestomach after a medium latency period of 226 days. Histological examination showed generalized papillomatosis developing into keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas with infiltrative growth in 88/98 (89%) animals. Tumorigenic lesions in the glandular stomach ware only observed in 3/98 rats. In two of these animals, mucosal adenocarcinomas were found and in the third a leiomyosarcoma. In about 30% of the animals treated with MNNG, degenerative liver changes were found, especially single cell and focal necroses, cystic alterations, and bile-duct proliferations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406933
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative metabolism and carcinogenicity of ring-halogenated 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyltriazenes (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 108 (1984), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Metabolism ; Carcinogenicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The objective of this study was to compare urinary metabolism of parent 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyltriazene with that of its ring-substituted 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene and 1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene congeners, in an attempt to evaluate the molecular requirements for systemic carcinogenic activity. Complementary carcinogenicity assays were conducted at low equimolar dose levels using both 4- und 2,4,6-chlorinated and brominated analogues. Ring halogenation was found to prolong metabolic detoxification and to reduce carcinogenic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390976
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotherapy studies in autochthonous rat tumors: Hepatomas (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 90 (1977), S. 167-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 20 Wochen wurde Diäthylnitrosamin (DEN) oral 5 x wöchentlich in einer Einzeldosis (d) von 3 mg/kg Körpergewicht an 250 weibliche Wistar-Ratten verabreicht. Nach ∼150 Tagen wurde bei allen Tieren eine Probelaparotomie durchgeführt. Danach erfolgte eine Einteilung in 4 Erkrankungsstadien entsprechend dem Inspektionsbefund der Leber, wobei das Ausmaß der Tumorbildung als Kriterium verwendet wurde. Die Auswirkungen einer Kombinationstherapie mit unterschiedlichen äquitoxischen Dosierungen von Adriamycin (Adm), Methotrexat (Mtx), 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) und Cyclophosphamid (CP) auf Ratten mit chemisch induzierten Lebertumoren wurden untersucht. Ein Nutzen der Therapie konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Ein hemmender Einfluß der medikamentösen Therapie auf die Entwicklung der Lebertumoren, auf die Häufigkeit an Metastasen und auf das Auftreten von Tumoren anderer Organe ließ sich nicht zeigen. Die Parallelen dieser experimentellen Ergebnisse zur Klinik werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was applied orally to a total of 250 female Wistar rats in a single dose (d) of 3 mg/kg body weight 5 times a week for a duration of 20 weeks. After ∼ 150 days exploratory laparotomy was performed to all animals. By inspection of the liver they were divided into 4 stages of disease according to the extent of cancer formation. The reaction of rats with DEN induced liver tumors was tested using a 4-drug combination chemotherapy with different equitoxic doses of Adriamycin (Adm), Methotrexate (Mtx), 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Cyclophosphamide (CP). No benifit of drug treatment could be noted. In drug treated animals no decrease in the development of the liver tumors, in the frequency of metastases nor in the frequency of tumors of other origin could be demonstrated. The parallels of chemotherapy in chemically induced liver cancer to clinical experience are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285323
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur carcinogenen Wirkung von N-Nitroso-Verbindungen (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 91 (1978), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Alkyl-Acetoxymethyl-Nitrosamines ; Carcinogenic action in SD rats ; Tumors of the forestomach ; Alkyl-Acetoxymethyl-Nitrosamine ; Carcinogene Wirkung bei SD-Ratten ; Tumoren des Vormagens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die homologe Reihe der Alkyl-Acetoxymethyl-Nitrosamine wurden auf ihre carcinogene Wirkung an SD Ratten getestet. Alle Verbindungen induzieren bei oraler Gabe innerhalb der gleichen Zeit Vormagentoumoren. Die benötigten Gesamtdosen sind dabei abhängig von der Länge der Alkyl-Kette und damit der Wasserlöslichkeit. Diese Ergebnisse werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The homologons alkyl-acetoxymethyl-nitrosamines were tested for carcinogenicity in SD rats. All compounds were found to be carcinogenic and induced within the same time carcinomas of the forestomach. The total doses necessary for induction of tumors are related to the length of the alkyl chain and hence to the watersolubility. These results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312293
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental investigation on the influence upon chemical carcinogenesis: 4th communication (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 93 (1979), S. 57-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine carcinogenesis ; Colon ; Sprague-Dawley rats ; Different diets ; 1,2-Dimethylhydrazin-Carcinogenese ; Kolon ; Sprague-Dawley-Ratten ; Verschiedene Diäten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde in 446 Sprague-Dawley-Ratten untersucht, ob die Carcinogenese von 1,2-Dimethylhydrazin (DMH) (Applikationen von 30 mg/kg Körpergewicht für 7 Monate) durch verschiedene Diäten (vegetarische, fett- und cholesterinreiche sowie kohlehydratreiche) beeinflußt werden kann. Ratten, die mit einer vegetarischen oder einer kohlehydratreichen Diät ernährt wurden, zeigten eine deutlich längere Induktionszeit (mediane Induktionszeit 347 bzw.323 Tage) für maligne Tumoren (Colon, Niere, Leber, Gehörgang) als die Tiere der anderen Testgruppen (mediane Induktionszeit zwischen 250 und 282 Tagen); Tiere, die mit einer kohlehydratreichen Diät ernährt wurden, entwickelten mehr benigne Lebertumoren (86%) als Tiere, die mit einer Standarddiät (19%) oder einer vegetarischen Diät (14%) ernährt wurden. Es ist wahrscheinlich, daß quantitative Unterschiede in der Carcinogenbehandlung für einige der festgestellten Unterschiede verantwortlich sind.
    Notes: Summary In a total of 446 Sprague-Dawley rats it was tested whether colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) (7-monthly applications of 30 mg/kg bodyweight) can be influenced by different diets (vegetarian, high fat, and high cholesterol and rich in carbohydrates). The rats treated with a vegetarian diet or a diet that was rich in carbohydrates showed apparently longer induction times (median induction time 347 days and 323 days, respectively) of the malignant tumors (colon, kidney, liver, ear duct) than animals of the other test groups (median induction times between 250 and 282 days); animals treated with the diet that was rich in carbohydrates developed more benign liver tumors (86%) than animals treated with a standard (19%) or vegetarian diet (14%). It is emphasized that quantitative differences in carcinogen treatment might be responsible for some of the differences observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451440
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of disulfiram on the organotropy of the carcinogenic effect of dimethylnitrosamine and diethylnitrosamine in rats (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 85 (1976), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Frühere Versuche an Ratten und Mäusen hatten gezeigt, daß die akute Toxicität von Dimethylnitrosamin (DMNA) und Diäthylnitrosamin (DÄNA) durch Behandlung der Tiere mit Tetraäthylthiuramdisulfid [Disulfiram, Antabus (DSF)] vermindert wird. Im chronischen Versuch an 40 Ratten wirkte DSF in einer Dosierung vom 500 mg/kg/Woche nicht carcinogen, seine Gabe beeinflußte aber die Wirkung der untersuchten Nitrosamine. DÄNA, an 38 Tieren in einer Dosierung von 20 mg/kg/Woche verabreicht, induzierte bei 90% der behandelten Ratten maligne Tumoren der Leber, in 29% wurden neben einigen prämalignen Formen überwiegend Carcinome des Oesophagus beobachtet. DMNA erhielten 31 Ratten in einer wöchentlichen Dosierung von 4 mg/kg/Woche. In dieser Gruppe zeigten sich bei 55% der Versuchstiere Tumoren in der Leber. 26 Ratten wurden mit einer Kombination von 500 mg/kg/Woche DSF und 20 mg/kg/Woche DÄNA behandelt. Nur bei 31% der Tiere dieser Gruppe ließen sich Tumoren im Bereich der Leber nachweisen, aber 81% von ihnen entwickelten neben einigen prämalignen Formen überwiegend Oesophaguscarcinome. Bei der kombinierten Applikation von 500 mg/kg DSF/Woche und 4 mg/kg DMNA/Woche fanden sich bei einer Tierzahl von 29 lediglich ein Tumor in der Leber (=3%), aber in 59% Plattenepithelcarcinome der Nasennebenhöhle; diese wurden bei alleiniger Gabe von DMNA nicht beobachtet.
    Notes: Summary In former studies in rats and mice it was shown that the acute toxicity of dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA) and diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is reduced by additional treatment with tetraethylthiuramdisulfide [(Disulfiram, Antabus® (DSF)]. In long-term experiments in 40 rats given 500 mg/kg DSF/ week the substance did not show carcinogenic effects, however, influenced the action of the nitrosamines. DENA, which was administered to 38 rats in a dosage of 20 mg/kg/week, induced liver tumors in 90% of the animals; in 29% besides some precancerous stages predominantly malignant carcinomas of the oesophagus were seen. DMNA when given to 31 rats in a dosage of 4 mg/kg/ week induced liver tumors in 55% of the animals. 26 rats were treated with a combination of 500 mg/kg DSF/week and 20 mg/kg DENA/week. In only 31% of the animals of this group liver tumors were found, however, 81% of them besides some precancerous stages showed predominantly carcinomas of the oesophagus. The combination of 500 mg/kg DSF/week and 4 mg/kg DMNA/week induced only 1 liver tumor (=3%) out of a group of 29 animals, whereas 59% of them showed squamous cell carcinomas of the paranasal sinus that were not seen when DMNA was given alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284085
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Life-span investigations for carcinogenicity of some immune-stimulating, immunodepressive and neurotropic substances in Sprague-Dawley-rats (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 86 (1976), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In chronischen Langzeitversuchen an 858 Sprague-Dawley-Ratten beiderlei Geschlechts wurde die mögliche carcinogene Wirkung von 12 Substanzen untersucht. Komplettes Freundsches Adjuvans, das zu den immunstimulierenden Substanzen gehört, zeigte eine signifikante Verminderung der Überlebenszeiten, jedoch keine Zunahme der Tumorraten. BCG, Humanalbumin und Vitamin A-Säure wirkten weder carcinogen, noch beeinflußten sie die Überlebenszeiten der Versuchstiere. Kaninchen-Antiratten-Lymphozytenserum als immunodepressiv wirkende Substanz führte zu einer signifikanten Verkürzung der Überlebenszeiten, wurde jedoch nicht als carcinogen befunden. Die bekannten carcinogenen Wirkungen von Cyclophosphamid wurden bestätigt. Die verabreichte Dosis dieser Verbindung führte zu einer deutlichen Verkürzung der mittleren Überlebenszeit der Tiere. Hydrocortison und Amethopterin zeigten keine chronisch toxischen Effekte bei Verabreichung über die gesamte Lebenszeit. Atropin, Pilocarpin, Nikotin und Phenobarbital, die als neurotrop wirkende Substanzen bekannt sind, wurden untersucht. Nicotin und Phenobarbital verkürzten die Überlebenszeiten der Tiere. Keine der genannten neurotrop wirkenden Substanzen wurde als carcinogen befunden.
    Notes: Summary In a long-term trial in a total of 858 Sprague-Dawley-rats of both sexes the possible carcinogenicity of 12 substances was investigated. Complete Freunds' adjuvant which is among the immune-stimulating substances was found to decrease significantly the lifetime of the animals; whereas an increase in tumor incidences was not observed. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), human albumin, and vitamin-A-acid were neither carcinogenic, nor had they an influence on the survival times. Rabbit-antirat lymphocytic serum which is a well-known immunodepressive agent caused a significant decrease in survival times, it was not found to be carcinogenic. The known carcinogenic properties of cyclophosphamide were verified. The applied dose of this compound significantly reduced the mean survival times of the animals. Hydrocortisone and amethopterin were found to have no carcinogenic effects. Atropine, pilocarpine, nicotine, and phenyl-ethyl-barbituric acid (phenobarbital) which are known to have neurotropic effects were tested. Nicotine and phenobarbital were found to diminish the mean survival times. None of these neurotropic substances was found to be carcinogenic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304936
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental investigations on the influence upon the chemical carcinogenesis (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 86 (1976), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach subcutaner Applikation von 0,5 mg 3,4-Benzpyren am 2. Lebenstag an Sprague-Dawley-Ratten entstanden bei 50% der Tiere nach 250±70 Tagen lokal an der Injektionsstelle Fibrosarkome. Die zusätzliche Behandlung mit immunostimulierenden Substanzen (BCG, Albumin, Vitamin A-Säure) bzw. immunodepressiv wirkenden Substanzen (Hydrocortison, Cyclophosphamid, Methotrexat), beginnend am 6. Tage nach der Geburt und durchgeführt bis zum Lebensende der Tiere, vermochte die Carcinogenese weder bezüglich der Häufigkeit der entstehenden Sarkome noch der Induktionszeit zu beeinflussen.
    Notes: Summary After subcutaneous application of 0.5 mg 3,4-benzopyrene (BP) to Sprague-Dawley-rats on the 2nd day of life, 50% of the animals developed local fibrosarcomas after 250±70 days. Additional treatment with immunostimulating (BCG, albumin, vitamin A-acid) or immunodepressive agents (hydrocortisone, cyclophosphamide, methotrexat) which was started 6 days after birth and maintained throughout life, did not influence carcinogenesis with respect to tumor incidences and induction periods of tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304937
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