Library

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Electronic Resource  (1,644)
  • 1985-1989  (1,644)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1987  (1,644)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (1,644)
Material
  • Electronic Resource  (1,644)
Years
  • 1985-1989  (1,644)
  • 1920-1924
Year
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 129-137 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin mRNA ; sclerotium ; polysomes ; Triton X-100 extraction ; cycloheximide ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Translationally active plasmodia of the syncytial slime mold Physarum polycephalum develop into translationally dormant sclerotia during starvation. Although functional mRNA and ribosomes exist in sclerotia, protein synthesis is suppressed at the level of initiation. To test the possibility that alterations in the cytoskeleton may limit protein synthesis, we have examined the distribution of polysomes and actin mRNA in the cytoskeletal (CSK) and soluble (SOL) fractions of Triton X-100-extracted plasmodia and sclerotia. Most of the polysomes and actin mRNA were located in the CSK of plasmodia, while most of the ribosomes and actin mRNA were located in the SOL of sclerotia. The results suggest that ribosomes and mRNA shift from the CSK to the SOL as protein synthesis is suppressed during starvation. Plasmodia and sclerotia can be induced to accumulate excess polysomes by treatment with low levels of the elongation inhibitor cycloheximide. Treatment of plasmodia with cycloheximide caused excess polysomes to accumulate in the SOL, suggesting that the CSK contains a limited capacity for binding translational components and that the association of polysomes with the cytoskeleton is not required for protein synthesis. Treatment of sclerotia with cycloheximide, however, caused polysomes and actin mRNA to accumulate in the CSK, suggesting that the selcrotial cytoskeleton, although depleted in ribosomes and mRNA, is capable of binding translational components. It is concluded that alterations in the sclerotial cytoskeleton are not involved in translational control.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 345-359 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: alpha-actinin ; cytoskeleton ; muscle cells ; nonmuscle cells ; stress fiber ; myofibril ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study report the first development of a fluorescently labeled filamin. Smooth muscle was labeled with fluorscent dyes in order to study its interaction with stress fibers and myofibrils, both in living cells and in permeabilized cells. The labeled filamin bounds to the Z bands of isolated cross-striated myofibrils and to the Z bands and intercalated discs in both permeabilized embryonic cardiac myocytes and in frozen sections of adult rat venticle. In permeabilized embryonic chick myotubes, filamin bound to early myotubes but was absent at later stages. In living embryonic chick myotubes, the fluorescently labeled filamin was incorporated into the Z bands of myofibirls during early and late stages of develoment but was absent during an intermediate stages. In living cardiac myocytes, filamin-IAR was incorporated into nascent as well as fully formed sarcomeres throughout develoment. In permeabilized nonmuslce cells, labeled filamin bound to attachment plaques and foci of polygonal networks and to the dense bodies in stress fibers. The periodic bands of filamin in stress fibers had a longer spacing in fibroblasts than in epithelial cells. When injected into living cells, filamin was readily incorporated into stress fibers in a striated pattern. The fluorescent filamin bands were broader in injected cells, however, than they were in permeabilized cells. We have interpreted these results from living and permeabilized cells to mean that native filamin is distributed along the full lengh of the actin filaments in the stress fibers, with a higher concentration present in the dense bodies. A sarcomeric model is presented indicating the position of filamin with respect to other proteins in the stress fibers.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 103
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: nuclear migration ; microtubules ; F-actin ; root hairs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A prominent feature of tip growth in filamentous plant cells is that the nucleus often migrates in step with the tip as it extends. We have studied this long-recognized but unexplained relationship in root hairs of the legume Vicia hirsuta by a variety of microscopic techniques. Using rhodaminyl lysine phallotoxin, and antitubulin antibodies, root hairs are shown to contain axial bundles of F-actin and a complex microtubular system. To the basal side of the nucleus the microtubules are cortical and net axial but in the region between nucleus and tip the arrangement is more complicated. Electron microscopic thin sections demonstrate that internal bundles of microtubles exist in addition to the plasma membrane-associated kind. Computerized deblurring of through-focal series of antitubulin stained hairs clarifies the three-dimensional organization: bundles of endoplasmic microtubules progress from the nuclear region toward the apical dome where they can be seen to fountain out upon the cortex.The relationship between nucleus and tip can be uncoupled with antimicrotubule herbicides. Time lapse video microscopy shows that these agents cause the nucleus to migrate toward the base. This contrary migration can be inhibited by adding cytochalasin D, which fragments the F-actin bundles.It is concluded that microtubules connect the nucleus to the tip but that F-actin is involved in basipetal migration as is known to occur when symbiotic bacteria uncouple the nucleus from the tip.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 44-54 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: monoclonal antibody ; phosphoproteins ; basal bodies ; morphogenesis ; Paramecium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The presence of phosphorylated proteins associated with microtubule organizing centers in tissue culture cells during mitosis has been demonstrated by the use of monoclonal antibodies raised against mitotic HeLa cells [Vandre et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81:4439-4443, 1984]. We report here that in Paramecium two of the mitosis specific antibodies, MPM-1 and MPM-2, decorate throughtout the cell cycle all the microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) located in the cortex and in the oral apparatus (gullet). Immuno-electron microscopy showed that these antibodies labeled the electron-dense material surrounding basal bodies from which several microtubule networks as well as kinetodesmal fibers originate. During mitosis, these antibodies also stained other cortical cytoskeletal structures, the kinetodesmal fibers (MPM-1 and MPM-2) and the epiplasm (MPM-1). Among the different polypeptides recognized by the antibodies on immunoblots, three major ones of 60, 63, and 116 kDa were found to be common to the cortex (where several thousand ciliary basal bodies are anchored) and the oral apparatus (which comprises several hundred basal bodies around which various arrays of cytoplasmic microtubules are organized). Alkaline phosphatase treatment abolished the immunoreactivity of the polypeptides and the labeling observed by immunofluorescence. These results demonstrate that phosphorylated proteins are associated with all the known active microtubule organizing centers present in the cortex throughout the cell cycle of Paramecium. Furthermore they indicate that in Paramecium phosphorylation of proteins could also be involved in the cell cycle dependent dynamics of cortical cytoskeletal structures other than microtubules.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 68-75 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: dynein ; flagella ; motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mutants with outer dynein arm defects or deficiencies all show a major reduction in beat frequency to about half the normal value; some of these mutants show an additional decrease in sliding velocity associated with reduced shear amplitude and an additional reduction in beat frequency, as well as other more minor modifications of the normal forward mode bending pattern. New mutants (ida98, pf30), which appear to be deficient in a subset of inner dynein arms show a reduction in sliding velocity that is primarily associated with a reduction in shear amplitude, with only a small reduction in beat frequency. These differences in motility phenotype between inner and outer dynein arm mutants suggest that inner and outer dynein arms may have distinct functions. The relatively large decrease in sliding velocity associated with partial loss of inner arms is consistent with earlier observations on pf23, a nonmotile mutant lacking inner arms, suggesting that inner arms may have an essential function in motility. The ability to generate reverse mode bending patterns is retained in some inner or outer dynein arm mutants, but appears to be decreased in those mutants which show reduced shear amplitude for the forward mode bending pattern.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: blue damselfish ; motile iridophore ; microtubule ; colchicine ; EHNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Iridophores of the blue damselfish, Chrysiptera cyanea, responded to the sympathetic substance, norepinephrine by a shift towards longer wavelengths of the spectral peak of the light reflected by stacks of light-reflecting platelets (“coloring response”). All antimitotic reagents tested, i.e., colchicine, vinblastine, and podophyllotoxin, inhibited the response reversibly, while an actin inhibitor, cytochalasin B, did not. Erythro-9-[3-(2-hydroxynonyl)]adenine (EHNA), a dynein ATPase inhibitor, also blocked the iridophore response effectively. These results indicate that the tubulin-dynein system may be involved in the motility of iridophores, which is regarded as the simultaneous alteration of the distance between adjacent reflecting platelets within the cells.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 106-117 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Dictyostelium ; mitosis ; microtubule ; MTOC ; immunoflurescence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We applied the “agar-overaly” immunofluorescence techinque (Yumura, S., H. Mori, and Y. Fukui, J. Cell Biol. 99:894-899, 1984) to a semisynchronous culture of Dictyostelium discoideum for studying the organization changes in the microtubule system during mitosis. Using a flurescent DNA dye DAPI (4′,6′ -diamidino-2-phenylindole), chromatin fibers and individual chromosomes were visible in cells prepared by this method, whereby the mitotic phase could be critically evaluated.We found that a rapid shortening of the cytoplasmic microtubules was preceded by a structural dislocation from their organizing centers (MTOCs) in the midprophase, resulting in the transient occurrence of free microtubules in the cytoplasm. Statistic analyses showed that microtubule disassembly in prophase was diphasic. Initially long, wavy microtubules shortened from their distal ends. Following dissociation of their proximal ends from the MTOC, all microtubules initiated rapid disassembly, probably from both ends. During this process, microtubule assembly from the now duplicated spindle pole body (SPB) resumed.This study also revealed novel information on the dynamics of the Dictyostelium mitotic spindle: 1) Half spindles interdigitate in the spindle center, and the extent of interdigition increases coincidentally with the spindle elongation, and 2) during the anaphase to telophase, a subpopulation of spindle microtubules elongates while the rest of the microtubules disasemble very rapidly.Overall this study indicates the presence of elaborate mechanisms responsible for the selective assembly/disassembly of particular microtubule subpopulations in situ.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 130-142 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: spasmin ; titin ; tektin ; giardin ; nematode sperm ; reticulopodia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Over the past 30 years filaments 2-5 nm in diameter have been foun in a number of different types of eukaryotic cells. As a group, these fine filaments lack the similarity of composition and function that characterize the three major classes of cytoskeleta elements - microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Six different proteins that form fine filaments have been identified; proposed functions for these fibers range from cell motility to cytoarchitecture. Recent studies, however, have revealed filaments with similar compositions and/or functions in otherwise different cells, sugesting that the fine filaments may eventually fit into a limited number of subgroups.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 261-273 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: spermatozoa ; flagella ; motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The variability of flagellar movement, illustrated by the highly heterogenous nature of the ejaculated sperm population of the ram, was analyzed by the use of a stroboscopic technique and an adapted microphotographic 24 × 36 camera system. The multiple-moving-exposures (MME) records give very distinct successive sequences of the flagellar beats and are particularly suitable for the analysis of bend development and propagation along the tail. With this technique, the parameters of the flagellar bending waves of ejaculated ram sperm have been determined. Most of the sperm have planar flagellar beatings; few are rolling under the conditions of observation. The trajectories of the gametes are mostly linear; nevertheless, some have circular paths. The analysis of bending has been focused on two examples for which the difference in the progressiveness ratio was maximum. The circular pathways for ram spermatozoa are linked to an asymmetry between principal and reverse bend probably induced by differences in wave propagation evidenced along the flagellum. A typical sperm flagellar movement may be related either to the conditions of the observations or to some differences in the maturation process of the sperm.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 250-260 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: time lapse ; neuronal differentiation ; cytoskeleton ; growth cone ; PC12 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We report a developmental sequence in the type and frequency of behaviours of neurons differentiating in vitro. We characterised these changes with extensive analysis of time-lapse sequence from both the continuing cell line phenochromocytoma PC12 and primary mixed cell culture of cat and mouse central nervous system. PC12 cells activated by nerve growth factor (NGF) differentiate in a uniform and synchronous manner. This allowed the first quantification of changes in different neuron behaviours during morphogenesis.Shortly after NGF activation, PC12 cells are highly labile in morphology and exhibit a large variety of morphological behaviours. During the first week of differentiation, the frequency of these behaviours declines, and gross morphology becomes more stable. The frequency of neurite initiation after 1 week in NGF is one-seventh what it was after 2 days in NGF. Over the same period, neurite retraction declines to one-third, and somal migration ceases altogether. Growthcone activity does not decline during development. These behaviour changes correlate with published data on the differentiation of the neurite cytoskeleton.A qualitatively similar ontogeny was noted in the differentiation of CNS neurons in mixed cell culture. Major differnces occur in the relative timing of changes in behaviours. Mature, stable morphology is not detected in these cultures until 7 weeks in vitro.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 293-301 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; particle motility ; microtubules ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Observations on living mitoic cells have suggested that material in the spindle moves poleward during mitosis. In order to investigate this movement, sea urchin eggs have been microinjected with 0.25-μm diameter carboxylated fluorescent beads. When fluorescent beads were injected into unfertilized Lytechinus variegatus eggs, no motility was detected. When injected into mitotic cells, beads moved to the spindle poles. Individual beads moved rapidly, in a saltory fashion, and followed generally linear paths. Beads appeared to move along astral fibers, were generally excluded from thespindle proper, and accumulated at the spindle poles. Some dispersion of the beads away from the pole was observed as cells completed mitosis, but the majority of beads retained a polar location. After depolymerization of spindle microtubules with nocodazole, some dispersion of beads into the cytoplasm was also observed. Beads moved along taxol-induced astral microtubules and accumulated at astral centers. These observations reveal that negatively chargedbeads accumulate rapidly at mitotic centers, moving toward the minus end of the microtubules. Neither the bidirectional motility of similar beads in interphase cells nor the plus-end-directed bead motility seen in axons was observed in these mitotic cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 333-344 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: basal body migration ; cilia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Immature oviduct implants from quails stimulated by estrogen to induce ciliogenesis were submitted to the in vitro action of benzodiazepines in organotypic culture. Diazepam and medazepam were added to the culture medium for 24 or 48 hours and tissues were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy for alterations in ciliary differentiation.Ciliogenesis was inhibited by both diazepam and medazepam, which affected mainly the migration of the basal bodies. Assembly of basal bodies was achieved normally in the cytoplasm, but their separation from generative complexes and migration toward the apical membrane were prevented. They remained in clusters around a deuteosome or eventually anchored to the close lateral plasma membrane.Furthermore, the drugs affected mature beating cilia, which then appeared lying tangentially to the cell surface. Relation between basal bodies and cortical cytoskeleton seemed to be altered by the drugs, which implies that the bearing of cilia and probably the ciliary beating movement were modified. Mocrovillus development was also altered by the action of these drugs.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 360-367 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: spindle ; autoantibody ; CREST ; scleroderma ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An autoantibody that binds an antigen localized to the stembody of dividing cells has been identified in a patient with systemic sclerosis. Initially, this antigen is associated with the surface of the metaphase chromosomes. At the onset of anaphase the antigen becomes preferentially associated with the forming stembodies. This association is maintained as furrowing progresses during telophase and continues after the intercellular bridge is released from the daughter cells during G-1. Immunoblots indicate that the epitope detected by immunoflurorescence is present on a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 38 kD.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 115
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We present a high-resolution electron microscopic study of the sidearms on microtubules and vesicles that are suggested to form the crossbridges which produce the microtubule-based vesicle transport in squid axoplasm. The sidearms were found attached to the surfaces of the anterogradely transported vesicles in the presence of ATP. These sidearms were made of one to three filaments of uniform diameter. Each filament measured 5-6 nm in width and 30-35 nm in length. The filaments in some of the sidearms had splayed apart by pivoting at their base, thereby assuming a “V” shape. The spread configuration illustrated the independence of the individual filaments. The filaments in other sidearms were closely spaced and oriented parallel to each other, a pattern called the compact configuration. In axoplasmic buffer containing AMP-PNP, structures indistinguishable from the filaments of the sidearms on the vesicles were observed attached to microtubules. Pairs of filaments, thought to represent the basic functional unit, were observed attached to adjacent protofilaments of the microtubules by their distal tips. These data support a model of vesicle movement in which a pair of filaments within a sidearm forms two crossbridges and moves a vesicle by “walking” along the protofilaments of the microtubule.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 31-38 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubule assembly ; proleolysis ; Vinca drugs ; Zn2+-induced assembly ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Limited proteolysis of tubulin with subtilisin results in cleavage of both the α and β subunits, releasing small peptides from the C-terminal ends. At 37°C the digested tubulin assembles into polymorphic structures: microtubules with attached ribbons in the presence of GTP, rings in the presence of GDP, and protofilament spirals in the presence of vinblastine. Undigested tubulin does not assemble under these conditions. Rings and Vinca-induced spiral structures are assembled from undigested tubulin only when microtubule-associated proteins, high Mg2+ concentrations, or polycations are present. Thus, cleavage with subtilisin affects assembly in a manner similar to the addition of these agents. It appears that binding of positively charged substances may act by neutralizing the charge on the highly acidic C-terminal regions of the α- and β-subunits, while cleavage with subtilisin produces the same effect by removing these peptides. Undigested and subtilisin-digested tubulin form sheets of protofilaments in the presence of Zn2+, which indicates that the binding sites for the 2-3 Zn2+ ions necessary to induce sheet formation do not reside in the C-terminal regions of the monomers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 46-53 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin filament ; fertilization ; fluorescent labeled phallotoxins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of actin filaments in the cortical layer of sea urchin eggs during fertilization has been investigated by light microscopy using fluorescently labeled phallotoxins. The cortical layer of both whole eggs and cortices isolated on a glass surface was examined. In cortices of unfertilized eggs, numerous fluorescent spots were seen, which may correspond to short actin filament cores in microvilli. After insemination, one of the sperm-attaching points on the egg surface first became strongly fluorescent. This fluorescence grew around the point of sperm penetration with the growth of the fertilization cone. Then, the cortical layer of the egg around the fertilization cone became strongly fluorescent and the fluorescence propagated in a wavelike manner over the entire cortex. The mechanism of the propagation of actin polymerization is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 39-45 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: divalent metal ions ; lanthanide ions ; calcium contraction ; spasmoneme ; Vorticella ; stalk ; contractile regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The glycerinated stalks of the peritrich ciliate, Vorticella, can contract helically and reversibly on the addition of not only Ca2+ but also other divalent or trivalent cations having ionic radii not far from 1 Å. In order to investigate the stalk contraction quantitatively in the absence of Ca2+-chelators, we developed a method to eliminate contaminating Ca2+ and other metal ions in KC1 and pHbuffer solutions by using a Ca2+-and heavy metal ion-specific ion exchange resin (Eporas MX-2) Thus, it was possible to measure the relationship between the fractional stalk length of Vorticella and the free concentration of alkaline earth metal, transition metal, and lanthanide ions in the 0.1 M KC1 and buffer (pH 6.8) solutions. Among these ions, Ca2+, Nd3+, and Eu3+ (having ionic radii of about 1 Å) had the highest affinity for the contractile element in the spasmoneme. As the concentration of lanthanide ions (except Nd3+ and Eu3+) is increased, the Vorticella stalk contracts abruptly at a threshold level; this means that the Hill's parameter is very high, probably more than 6. The results of these experiments and of the co-mixtures of Ca2+ and Tb3+ suggest that a contractile element in the spasmoneme contains both contractile Ca2+-binding and regulatory Ca2+-binding sites.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 68-77 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubule ; motility ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the filamentous green alga Mougeotia, each daughter nucleus formed by mitosis is then rapidly moved along the recently divided daughter cell to the central cleavage developing in the chloroplast. This movement is brought about by a cone-shaped array of microtubules (MTs) that ensheath the daughter nucleus and are focused upon a small region, presumably a microtubule-organising center (MTOC). Movement is completed when the MTOC locates and then resides in the chloroplast cleavage, drawing the nucleus into this position.The mitotic spindle is open with initially broad, ill-defined poles. Anaphase A contributes minimally, if at all, to chromosome separation since the half spindles remain about the same length during anaphase and telophase. Thus, anaphase is accommodated and probably achieved by spindle elongation; the interzonal MTs also generate a rudimentary phragmoplast at the ingrowing cleavage furrow. The persistent polar MTs become directly transformed into the cone-shaped array and initiate nuclear movement during early telophase. Various closely or distantly related green algae show this trait of persistent polar MTs. We conclude that this trait has allowed some species to evolve a motility system based directly on the capabilities of astral MTs, for generating the postmitotic nuclear movement essential for the restoration of the interphase cell organization.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 272-281 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: intranuclear mitosis ; spindle formation ; cell cycle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tubulin synthesis in the naturally synchronous plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is a markedly periodic event restricted to the late G2 period of the cell cycle. Mitosis in the plasmodium is intranuclear, and there are no cytoplasmic microtubules at any stage of the cell cycle. We have combined a biochemical investigation of the synthesis of the plasmodial tubulin isotypes and their participation in the mitotic spindle with a microscopic study (immunofluorescence) of the development of spindle microtubules throughout the cell cycle.We have shown that all four tubulin isotypes identified in the plasmodium (α1, α2, β1 and β2) are present in the mitotic spindle. The stoichiometry of isotype usage in the mitotic spindle generally reflects the overall abundance of isotypes in the plasmodium as a whole: β2 〉 α1 〉 α2 〉 β1. We have also shown that tubulins synthesized in the G2 period of one cell cycle can be incorporated into the spindles of the immediately ensuing mitosis and have sufficient biological longevity to allow participation in the mitotic divisions of future cell cycles. Thus, the phenomenon of periodic tubulin synthesis does not reflect a restricted use of tubulin to the cell cycle in which it was synthesized. The major polymerization of tubulin in the nucleus occurred less than 30 min before metaphase. A novel tubulin-containing structure was, however, present in the nucleus approximately 60 min before metaphase. Polymerized tubulin is rapidly removed from the nucleus following nucleokinesis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 258-271 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: video and fluorescence microscopy ; saltatory particle movements ; cytoskeleton ; microtubules ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We recorded live, undifferentiated amebae of Dictynstelium discoideum by video microscopy and analyzed the behavior of cytoplasmic particles and granules. Cytoplasmic streaming and saltatory movements are the two major types of particle movements that occur in interphase amebae. Saltatory movements predominated in an area around the nucleus-associated body (NAB) and many were radial toward or away from it, the velocity being very similar in both directions. Some saltations were simple forward movements, and others were complex to-and-fro movements with as many as seven turnabouts. For a given leg of movement the velocity was not uniform along the path. Small particles (〈 1 μm) moved faster (X = 2.8 μm/s) than large (∼ 1 μm; X = 2.1 μm/s) and very large (〉 1 μm; X = 1.4 μm/s) particles, but the smallest particles were visible only in the running image and could not be analyzed. Ultrastructurally, saltating particles are digestive vacuoles and vesicles of various sizes, appearances, and contents, which are numerous particularly in the vicinity of the NAB. Several lines of evidence pointed to a role of microtubules (MTs) in saltatory particle movements. Composites of particle tracks corresponded closely to MT arrays visualized by immunofluorescence. No saltations occurred in mitotic amebae that lack cytoplasmic MTs, but the movements resumed toward the end of division, concurreduced with the rebuilding of the complex of cytoplasmic MTs. Nocodazole reduced and eventually slopped saltatory movements over a period of 3 h, when aberrant MT patterns were the rule. Saltations in slime mold amebae may be an eye-catching feature of intracellular transport functioning in endo- and exocytosis in the shuffling of vesicles containing factors involved in ameboid movement, and in the transduction of external signals to the cell center.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 291-292 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 124
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoskeleton ; cell morphogenesis ; immunofluorescence ; antimyosin monoclonal antibody ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A monoclonal antibody, CC212, raised against ciliated cortices of quail oviduct cells and characterized as an antimyosin of smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells, was shown to specifically label a regular cortical network in Paramecium and to recognize two Triton X-100-insoluble polypeptides at 130 and 50 kDa. However, no evidence was obtained that these polypeptides are related to myosin.An immunofluorescence study and ultrastructural immunogold localization allowed us to identify the CC212-decorated material as a component of the outer lattice, a submembrane cytoskeletal network which runs along the top of the ridges visible by scanning electron microscopy and delineates the periphery of each cortical unit. The dynamics of the outer lattice during the cell cycle was studied by immunofluorescence and it was found that the outer lattice growth is achieved without disruption of the preexisting meshes by longitudinal elongation and additon of new transverse partitions. A striking disorganization of the outer lattice was observed in a thermosensitive mutant primarily altered in basal body duplication. These observations suggest possible functions of the outer lattice and demonstrate the interdependence of basal body duplication, surface growth, and outer lattice remodelling.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. i 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 381-392 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoskeleton ; cell division ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Monoclonal antibodies to yeast tubulin have been used to investigate the distribution of microtubules throughout the cell cycle of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. By indirect immunofluorescence microscopy we detect all the classes of microtubule-containing structures previously described from ultrastructural investigations but we can now demonstrate the complex spatial and temporal relationships between the different microtubule arrays. During interphase a cortical cytoplasmic microtubule system emanates from the base of the flagellar microtubules. These microtubules become reorganised on entry into mitosis, being largely disassembled and replaced by the spindle and “metaphase band” microtubules. The “metaphase band” is shown to be not one array but two distinct sets of microtubules, each linking a spindle pole with a region of the cell cortex near the spindle equator. It persists until late telophase, when it is replaced by cortical and cleavage furrow microtubules.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 129
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 404-405 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 130
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 393-403 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: immunocytochemistry ; phosphorylation ; microtubules ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Immunocytochemistry and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been used to study the distribution of phosphorylated forms of neurofilament antigens in rat brain. Immunostaining of tissue with an antisera produced against phosphatasesensitive domains of the 200-kilodalton (kd) neurofilament polypeptide showed that phosphorylated forms of this polypeptide were present in virtually all axons and certain somata and dendrites of neurons in different brain regions. Immunoblots of whole brain homogenate or a neurofilament preparation from rat revealed that the affinity-purified anti-200-kd sera used to immunostain tissue labeled the neurofilament-associated 200-kd band in a phosphatase-sensitive manner. Fine structural analysis of this immunoreactivity in tissue showed that whenever the labeled organelle could be identified, it was a microtubule. In contrast, immunoblot analysis of twice-cycled microtubules from porcine brain revealed that microtubules in vitro did not possess the 200-kd antigen that was observed in situ. The results suggest that our antibody recognizes a phosphorylated domain on the neurofilament involved in cross-linking neurofilaments and microtubules, and that in vivo, phosphorylated epitopes of the 200-kd neurofilament polypeptide are capable of associating with microtubules.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 131
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin ; G-protein ; pH ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The addition of propionic acid to rabbit neutrophils causes cell acidification and increases the amount of actin associated with the cytoskeleton. Both responses are rapid, and while the cell acidification is somewhat long-lasting, the increase in cytoskeletal actin is transient. It reaches a maximum value within 15 seconds and then return to the basal level. Unlike fMet-Leu-Phe, however, propionic acid does not cause a rise in the intracellular concentration of free calcium. Pretreatment of the cells with pertusis toxin inhibits the propionic acid-produced increase in cytoskeletal actin but not the decrease in intracellular pH. However, the rate of return to the base line of the cell acidification produced by propionic acid is diminished in cells pretreated with pertussis toxin. On the other hand, both the decrease in intracellular pH and the increase in cytoskeletal actin produced by fMet-Leu-Phe are inhibited by pertussis toxin treatment. The results presented here suggest two important points. First, while cell acidification may trigger directly or indirectly the association of actin with the cytoskeleton, it is certainly not sufficient. Second, a functional guanine-nucleotide regulatory protein is required for stimulated cytoskeletal actin. One or more components of the G-protein and/or their effects on phosphoinositide hydrolysis may increase the number of actin monomers and the availability of preexisting actin filaments to these monomers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 132
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 133
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 76-84 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: flagella ; starfish spermatozoon ; proximal centriole ; bend direction ; bend asymmetry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Since starfish spermatozoa have spherical heads, it is not easy to determine the topographical relationship of the axoneme to the directions of the flagellar bends, the principal, and the reverse bends as defined by Gibbons and Gibbons [J. Cell. Biol. 1972, 63:970-985]. The demembranated spermatozoa are known to take the quiescent “cane” shape with a sharp principal bend at the proximal region of the flagellum in the presence of high concentration of Ca2+. When such spermatozoa were placed on a grid for electron microscopy, fixed with osmic acid vapor, washed with distilled water, and negatively stained with urany1 acetate, the head of the spermatozoon was disrupted and dispersed disclosing the proximal centriole at at the proximal end of the flagellum. The proximal centriole was always found on the concave side of the “cane” -shaped flagella. Electron microscopy of the serial thin sections of intact and demembranated spermatozoa revealed that the doublet microtobules numbers 5 and 6 were contained in the convex edge of the principal bend.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 134
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 91-105 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: vinculin ; PDGF ; cell growth ; vascular smooth muscle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Exposure of porcine vascular smooth muscle cells to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF; 18-180 ng/ml) but not epidermal growth factor (EGF; 30ng/ml), somatomedin C (SmC; 30 ng/ml), or insulin (10 μM), results in a rapid, reversible, time- and concentration-dependent disapperance of vinculin staining in adhesion plaques; actin-containing stress fibers also become disrupted following exposure of cells to PDGF. Disapperance of vinculin staining from adhesion plaques is also caused by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA; 200-400 nM), though the time course of the disapperance of vinculin staining under these conditions takes longer than in cells exposed to PDGF. The PDGF-induced removal of vinculin from adhesion plaques was inhibited in a concentration-dependent fashion by 8-(N, N-diethylamin) octy1-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMA-8; 0.25-4 μM) and leupepetin (2-300 μM), and by n-α-rosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone (TLCK; 100 μM) and trifluoperazine (TFP; 2.5 μM). Addition of PDGF to vascular smooth muscle cells caused a rapid, tranient increase in cytosolic free calcium, from a basal resting level of 146 ± 6.9 nM (SEM, n=62) to 414 ± 34 nM (SEM, n=22) as determined using the calcium-sensitive indicator Fura-2 and Digitized Video Microscopy. This increase in cellular calcium preceded the disappearance of vinculin from adhesion plaques and was partially blocked by pretreatment of cells with TMB-8 but not leupeption. This rise in cytosolic free calcium was found to occur in ∼ 80% of the sample population and dispalyed both spatial and temporal subcellular heterogeneity. Exposure of cells to TPA (100 nM) did not result in a change in cytosolic free calcium. Both PDGF (20 ng/ml) and TPA (100 nM) caused cytosolic alkalinization which occurred after PDGF-induced disruption of vinculin from adhesion plaques, as determined using the pH-sensitive indicator BCECF and Digitized Video Microscopy. PDGF stimulated DNA synthesis and vinculin disruption in a similar dose-dependent fashion. Both could be inhibited by leupeptin or TMB-8. These results suggest that 1) exposure of vascular smooth muscle cells to PDGF is associated with the disruption of vinculin from adhesion plaques, 2) PDGF-induced vinculin disruption is regulated by an increase in cytosolic calcium (but not cytosolic alkalinization), and involves proteolysis; 3) activation of protein kinase C also causes vinculin removal from adhesion plaques but by a calcium-independent mechanism, and 4) the cellular response to PDGF-stimulated increases in cytosolic free calcium is heterogeneous. Our data also suggest that cytosolic vinculin distribution is a sensitive indicator of the response of vascular smooth muslce cells to PDGF.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 135
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 118-129 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytoskeleton ; actin ; alpha-actin ; vinuclin ; microtubules ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Flurescently labeled heavy mermoyosin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin were used to localize actin, and vinculin, respectively, in permeabilized and living cells during the process of stress fiber reassembly, which occurred when cells were removed from ATP-depleting medium (20 mM sodium azide and 10 mM 2-deoxyglucose). In 80% of the cells recovering from ATP depletion, small, scattered plaques containing actin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin were replaced by long, thin, periodic fibers within 5 minutes of removal of the inhibitors. These nascent stress fibers grew broader as recovery progressed, until they attained the thickness of stress fibers in control cells. In the other 20% of the cells, the scattered plaques aggregated within 5 minutes of reversal, and almost all the actin, alpha-actinin, and vinculin in the cell became localized in one perinuclear aggregate, with a diameter of approximaterly 15-25 μm. As recovery progressed, all aggregates resembled rings, with diameters that increased at about 0.5 μm/minute and grew to as large as 70 μm in some giant cells. As the size of the rings increased, fibers radiated outward from them and sometimes spanned the diamater of te rings. The shape of the cells did not change during this time. By 1 hour after reversal, the rings were no longer present and all cells had networks of stress fibers. Indirect immunofluorescence techniques used to localize tubulin and vimentin indicated that microtubules and intermediate filaments were not constituents of the rings, and the rings were not closely apposed to the substrate, judging from reflection contrast optics. The rapid rearrangement of attachment plaques into a perinuclear aggregate that spreads radially in the cytoplasm occurs at the same speed as fibroblast and chromosomal movement, but is unlike other types of intracytoplasmic motility.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 136
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 143-154 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: amphibian egg ; Nile blue stain ; microtubules ; subcortial rotation ; cytoplasmic movement ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The amphibian egg undergoes a 30° rotation of its subcortical contents relative to its surface during the first cell cycle, a displacement of 350 μm in 50 min. This is directly visualized by following the movement of an array of Nile blue (a subcortical stain) spots applied to the egg periphery (Vincent, Oster, and Gerhart: Dev Bio 113:484-500, '86). We have investigated the mechanochemical basis of this unusual cell motility. Subcortical rotation depends on microtubule integrity during its entire course and is insensitive to inhibitors of microfilament assembly. It does not depend on newly synthesized proteins for its operation or timing, and it does not involve calcium-dependent processes. Finally, we show that vegetal fragments of the egg can complete rotation on their own, indicating that mechanochemical components can operate locally in this hemisphere.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 137
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 165-173 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: erythrocytes ; brain ; vimentin ; neurofilaments ; desmin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have demonstrated a differential association between two types of spectrin, from erythrocytes and brain, with two types of intermediate filaments, vimentin filaments and neurofilaments. Electron microscopy showed that erythrocyte spectrin promoted the binding of vimentin filaments to red cell inside-out vesicles via lateral associations with the filaments. In vitro binding studies showed that the association of spectrin with vimentin filaments was apparently saturable, increased with temperature, and could be prevented by heat denaturation of the spectrin. Comparisons were made between erythrocyte and brain spectrin binding to both vimentin filaments and neurofilaments. We found that vimentin filaments bound more erythrocyte spectrin than brain spectrin, while neurofilaments bound more brain spectrin than erythrocyte spectrin. Our results show that both erythroid and nonerythroid spectrins are capable of binding to intermediate filaments and that such association may be characterized by differential affinities of the various types of spectrin with the several classes of intermediate filaments present in cells. Our results also suggest a role for both erythroid and nonerythroid spectrins in mediating the association of intermediate filaments with plasma membranes or other cytoskeletal elements.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 138
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 174-181 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: evolutionary conservation ; side-arms ; binding sites ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this study we have applied microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) from mammalian brain to both native and reassembled insect ovarian microtubules. Such microtubules, which are normally smooth walled, become decorated with projections similar to those observed when mammalian brain MAPs are added back to assembling or assembled mammalian brain microtubules. The mammalian MAPs were also detected as components of insect microtubules when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Our observations suggest that mammalian brain MAPs have common binding sites on microtubules from two widely different sources and indicate the degree of evolutionary conservation of such sites.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 139
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 190-191 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 140
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 192-192 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 141
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 142
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 210-226 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: tau antibodies ; immunohistochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The monoclonal antibody, Tau-1, which had previously been used to localize tau to the axonal compartment in brain has been reutilized for light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry following phosphatase treatment of tissue. We report here that a significant quantity of tau in the central nervous system is phosphorylated in situ at or near the Tau-1 epitope, preventing the binding of the Tau-1 antibody. Upon removal of this/these phosphate group(s), however, Tau-1 was observed in the somatodendritic compartment of neurons as well as in axons. Furthermore, intense staining was also observed in astrocytes and in perineuronal glial cells. This immunoreactivity was present along the lengths of microtubules and on ribosomes (polysomes). Treatment of immunoblots of extracts of whole cerebral cortex with phosphatase confirmed the immunohistochemical results in that a 50-65% increase in Tau-1 binding to the tau region of the blot was noted. Moreover, a novel monoclonal antibody, Tau-2, was also used in these experiments. This antibody binds only to tau and localizes along microtubulesin axons, somata, dendrites, and astrocytes and on ribosomes (polysomes) without phosphatase pretreatment.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 143
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 227-237 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Vimentin ; tubulin ; lymphocytes ; stimulation ; mitosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have used double immunofluorescence and electron microscopy to examine the distribution of tubulin and vimentin during the stimulation of mouse splenic lymphocytes by the mitogen concanavalin A. In unstimulated cells, vimentin forms a filamentous network partially coincident with the radial pattern of microtubules. In stimulated cells, the numbers of microtubules assembled from the centrosome. When these cells enter mitosis, vimentin is arranged into a filamentous cage enclosing the mitotic apparatus. During cytokinesis, the polar centrosomes are observed at a position adjacent to the midbody and vimentin is detected as an aggregate, similar to that seen prior to mitosis, close to the centrosome in each daughter cell. Using several agents, such as colchicine, colcemid, nocodazole, and taxol, which affect microtubule assembly, we have observed that the vimentin system, although closely related spatially to the microtubule complex in lymphocytes, can still reorganize independently as these cells progress through in the cell cycle. Throughout mitogenic stimulation in the continued presence of taxol, microtubules are reorganized into a few thick bundles while the vimentin system undergoes a sequence of rearragements similar to those observed during normal stimulation. These data suggest that vimentin dynamics may be important in the progression of lymphocytes through the cell cycle in response to mitogen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 144
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 54-67 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: 3T3 cells ; micromanipulation ; cell shape ; retraction ; cytochalasin B ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to analyze the cellular mechanism of shape formation, the shape of individual 3T3 cells was perturbed by micromanipulation resulting in the detachment and relaxation of a cellular extension and the bending of the extension to form an “elbow” at a variable angle β. Finally, the tip of the extension was allowed to reattach to the substrate away from the cell.The cells reacted by drawing the extension tight. If β 〈 90°, the elbow moved laterally for 8-15 min until the extension projected orthogonally at the cell surface. If β ≥90°, the extension remained stationary, Finally, in all cases webs formed between attachment points in the perturbed area. If the tip of the extension was allowed to touch its own cell body, thus forming a loop, the cells invariably closed the loop.The paper interprets the cellular reaction as the result of cortical tension and suggests that it is a major factor in the formation of fibroblast shape and the expressions of fibroblast motility.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 145
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 146
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 78-86 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: conservative nucleoskeletal epitopes ; in situ cross-reacting antibodies ; immunofluorescence microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The vegetative giant nucleus of the unicellular and uninucleate marine green alga Acetabularia is a depot of conservative epitopes, homologous to antigenic determinants of vertebrate actin, myosin, actinin, and vinculin. The epitopes appear at the nucleolar surface (actin, actinin, vinculin determinants), in the caryoplasm (actin, myosin determinants), along “caryoplasmic” filaments (actin determinants), and in “nuclear envelope plus perinuclear bodies” (actin, myosin, actinin, vinculin determinants). The structure homologies of the nuclear antigenic determinants to those of the vertebrate muscular and/or microfilamental proteins were deduced from in situ cross-reaction of anti-chicken actin (cross-reaction also with rabbit actin), anti-chicken alpha actinin, anti-chicken vinculin, and anti-bovine myosin (cross-reaction also with chicken myosin), respectively, by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Artifacts which arise from the binding of contaminating unspecific markers or from unspecific adherence of specific ones to the algal nucleus have been overcome by the use of both polyclonal and/or monoclonal immunoglobulins as primary markers and different types of second markers each conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Fluorescein staining of primary markers was performed either with fluorescent anti-immunoglobulin antibodies in a one-step (AIA-FITC) or highly sensitive two-step procedure (AIA/AIA-FITC), covalently labeled F(ab′)2 specific for either Fc or F(ab′)2 (the latter anti-fragment antibody excluded both possible interactions between nuclear “lectins” and glycosidic residues of Fc and staining of glycosidic nuclear antigens by AIAs or anti-Fc specific for the glycosidic part of the immunoglobulin antigen) or fluorescent complex “protein A-biotin-avidin” (PABA-FITC, a highly sensitive nonimmunoglobulin second reagent). Three of four different AIA-FITC preparations tested alone and also “F(ab′)2 anti-Fc” showed reactivities with the nucleoli and the nuclear envelope. This indicates the presence of glycosidic determinants at the sites of reaction. Each of the other fluorescent markers, including AIA/AIA-FITC, reacted with the primary marker only, although they were different in sensitivity.The staining patterns of nuclear actin epitopes differed in certain details if primary marker (monoclonal against polyclonal), second marker (AIA-FITC against PABA-FITC), or nuclear preparation (degree of nuclear flattening by the cover slide and salt condition) were changed. It suggests that type and number of actin epitopes, valence, affinity, and number of anti-actin clones, but also subclass or class specificity of the second marker and accessibility of the nuclear actin determinant(s), were involved. The nuclear actin and myosin epitopes stained most intensively in a “high salt” environment (100 mM PBS, 50 mM/1 KC1; pH 7.2) if compared to “low salt staining.” This indicates local concentrations and/or accessibility of antigenic determinants which were hidden in “low salt” (1.5 mN/1 Na2HPO4, 8mM/1 KH2PO4, 2.7 mM/1KCl, 137 mM/1 KCl, 137 mM/1 NaCl; pH 7.4) conditions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 147
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: dynein ; mitosis ; chromosome movement ; immnunofluorescence observation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A monoclonal antibody against sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) sperm flagellar 21S dynein was characterized and sued to identify and localized cytoplasmic dynein of sea urchin eggs by the methods of immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. D57, the monoclonal antibody used in this study, was directed to the Aβ polypeptide of 21S dynein. D57 stained sperm flagella specifically but did not inhibit Mg-ATPase activity of 21S dynein, its recombination ability with NaCl-extracted axonemes, or the movement of demembranated sperm. D57 cross-reacted with sea urchin egg cytoplasmic dynein. High molecular weight cytoplasmic dynein polypeptide which had the same electrophoretic mobility s flagellar dynein. A chains was the only polypeptide that reacted with D57 in the crude extract from unfertilized sea urchin eggs. Indirect immunofluorescence observations showed that the mitotic apparatus was stained most intensely in the frozen sections and lysed eggs. In the mitotic apparatus isolated at metaphase, the half spindles were stained more strongly than the astral regions. The regions near chromosomes in the half spindle appeared to be stained particularly. Staining of the interzone was also observed in the mitotic spindle isolated at anaphase. Comparison of the staining patterns for cytoplasmic dynein with that for tubulin suggested that cytoplasmic dynein was localized where microtubules were densely organized, but its distribution may not necessarily be identical with that of microtubules.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 148
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Physcomitrella ; cytoskeleton ; morphogenesis ; phytohormones ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the presence of cytokinin, undetermined side branch initials of the moss, Physcomitrella patens, arc induced to form buds and then leafy shoots rather than to develop as tip-growing filaments. This represents a transition between the two modes of plant cell expansion-tip growth and uniform intercalary growth. The organization of microtubules in filaments is different from that in leafy shoots and can be traced back to the influence of phytohormones on side branch initials. Microtubules either focus at a particular region (as in tip-growing cells) or in the presence of high levels of cytokinin form swollen bud initials in which microtubules are more diffusely organized. Higher levels of cytokinin are capable of destabilizing tip microtubules in caulonemal filaments. Although caulonemata are not normally target cells, this implies that cytokinin may exert its morphogenetic effects by altering microtubule organization.In tip-growing filaments, interphase microtubules trace a meandering course through the cytoplasm towards the tip and are not for the main part associated with the plasma membrane as are cortical arrays. There is no pre-prophase band of microtubules to indicate the future division plane, even though the oblique division plane is known to be precisely controlled relative to environmental factors. This microtubule cycle contrasts with cells of the leafy shoots that develop from buds: in these, the interphase array is cortical, consisting of flat-pitched microtubular helices that do not focus upon a growing tip. It is now shown that pre-prophase hands occur at this stage.The absence of bands does not readily correlate with imprecise control of the division plane. Instead, it is proposed that the ability to form pre-prophase bands depends upon the arrangement of microtubules in the preceding interphase array. Ways in which bands might be formed are discussed and the generality of these ideas is tested by observations on higher plant cells.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 149
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 160-168 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: flagella ; asymmetric beating ; sea urchin ; Ciona ; Chlamydomonas ; switching mechanism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Time-averaged data covering six to ten beat cycles for ATP-reactivated spermatozoa of a sea urchin and Ciona, and from a uniflagellate mutant of Chlamydomonas, were analyzed to obtain parameters of oscillation and mean shear angle at each point along the flagellum. The mean shear angles usually show a sharp change near the base of Ihc flagellum. This sharp basal change in angle is correlated with perceived asymmetry in the development times of principal and reverse bends when these bends are measured directly from the asymmetric bending patterns, without subtracting out the mean shear angle. The asymmetry in development times was previously considered to be evidence against a “biased baseline” mechanism for asymmetric bending waves, in which completely symmetric bending waves develop and propagate on a curved flagellum. Our analysis now shows that the asymmetry in development times can be fully explained by the presence of a sharp static bend near the base of the flagellum, which can confuse the determination of the times of initiation of new bends at the base of the flagellum. Our reinterpretation of these data removes previous objections to the “biased baseline” mechanism for the regulation of bending wave asymmetry by calcium, and supports other evidence favoring a biased baseline mechanism, rather than a “biased switching” mechanism.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 150
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 169-177 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: membrane insertion ; surface movement ; crawling motility ; monoclonal antibodies ; colloidal gold ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The crawling movement of nematode sperm, like that of many other crawling metazoan cells, is accompanied by movement of membrane components from the leading edge of the cell rearward. We used colloidal gold conjugates of monoclonal antibodies (CGP-ABY) to membrane proteins on Caenorhabditis elegans sperm to examine this surface movement by electron microscopy. Antibody binding sites on fixed sperm are distributed uniformly over the cell surface. However, blocking these sites on live sperm with unlabelled antibody or removing them with protease and then pulse-labelling the cell with CGP-ABY revealed that new antigen is assembled onto the surface at the tips of the stubby projections that stud the pseudopod surface. These proteins then move rearward rapidly so that the pseudopod surface pool of antigen is replaced within 2 min. The same pattern of surface movement was observed when live cells were labelled with CGP-ABY and then washed with buffer before fixation. Bound CGP-ABY was cleared first from the tips of the projections and subsequently from the entire pseudopod surface. These gold particles accumulated at the base of the pseudopod without moving onto the cell body or being internalized. We did, however, detect a pool of antigen in the pseudopod cytoplasm that may be available for assembly onto the pseudopod surface. We propose that the localized assembly of new membrane and its subsequent rearward movement may play an important role in sperm locomotion.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 151
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 187-197 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; centrosome ; centriole ; cytoplasmic microtubules ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of colcemid (0.16-1.0 μM) and taxol (10 μM) on the primary cilia cycle in PtK1 cells were studied by antitubulin immunofluorescence microscopy and by high-voltage electron microscopy of serial 0.25-μm sections. Although these dings induce a fully characteristic rearrangement (taxol) or disassembly (colcemid) of cytoplasmic microtubulcs, neither affects the structure of primary cilia formed prior to the treatment or the resorption of primary cilia during the initial stages of mitosis. Cells arrested in mitosis by taxol or colcemid remain in mitosis for 5-7 h at 37°C and then form 4N “micronucleated” restitution nuclei. Formation of primary cilia in these micronucleated cells is blocked by colcemid in a concentration-dependent fashion: normal cilia with expanded (ie, bulbed) distal ends form at the lower (0.16-0.25 μM) concentrations, while both cilia formation and centriole replication are inhibited at the higher (≥ 1.0 μM) concentrations. However, even in the presence of 1.0 μM colcemid, existing centrioles acquire the appendages characteristically associated with ciliating centrioles and attach to the dorsal cell surface. Continuous treatment with colcemid thus produces a population of cells enriched for the early stages of primary cilia formation. Micronucleated cells formed from a continuous taxol treatment contain two normal centriole pairs, and one or both parenting centrioles possess a primary cilium. Taxol, which has been reported to stabilize microtubules in vitro, does not inhibit the cell-cycle-dependent assembly and disassembly of axonemal microtubules in vivo.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 152
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 248-257 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitotic spindle ; phosphorylation ; protein kinase inhibition ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Evidence has suggested that cyclic AMP, acting through activation of the type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, may play a role in the regulation of interphase and mitotic microtubules. In order to examine the potential role of the type II cAMP-dependent kinase during mitosis, dividing PtK1 cells were microinjected with two specific inhibitors of the catalytic activity of the type II kinase. These inhibitors were a specific protein inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKI) and an affinity-purified polyclonal antiserum (anti-C) directed against the catalytic subunit of the kinase. Both have been shown previously to inhibit kinase activity in vitro. Microinjection of PKI during early- to mid-prophase significantly delayed the progression of the cells through mitosis, with the greatest delay occurring in metaphase. PKI injected during prometaphase also delayed progression through mitosis but to a lesser extent. Microinjection of anti-C during early- to mid-prophase also caused a significant delay in the completion of mitosis, with many cells becoming “hung up” in prometaphase. Anti-C injected during prometaphase had little effect on subsequent progression through mitosis. Microinjection of either anti-C or PKI during metaphase had no discernible effect. No effect on anaphase movement of chromosomes was observed with any treatment. These results provide further evidence that cAMP-dependent phosphorylation may be involved in the regulation of mitosis, although whether it acts directly through regulation of mitotic spindle microtubules is unclear.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 153
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 304-314 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: spectrin-like ; actin-binding protein ; Ca++-regulated ; cytoskeleton ; eggs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Sea urchin egg spectrin has been purified from a homogenate of unfertilized Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs using standard biochemical procedures. SDS-PAGE analysis of the molecule revealed a closely spaced, high molecular weight doublet at 237/234 kDa (present in an equimolar ratio). Rotary shadowed images of egg spectrin revealed a double-stranded, elongate, flexible rod-shaped contour, measuring 210 nm in length and ∼ 4-8 nm in width. Additionally, this molecule is shown to be immunologically related to avian erythroid spectrin, since it cross-reacts with antibodies prepared against the chicken erythrocyte α-spectrin/240 kDa subunit. The interaction of egg spectrin with actin was examined by sedimentation and falling-ball viscometry assays. The binding and cross linking properties of spectrin to actin demonstrate a unique Ca++-sensitive regulation at micromolar Ca++ concentrations. This observation provides new insight into the way Ca++ may regulate spectrin-actin interactions in vitro and further suggests possible structural and modulatory roles for egg spectrin in the developing sea urchin embryo.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 154
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 337-346 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cordycepin ; microtubules ; mitosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The nucleoside analogue 3′-deoxyadenosine (cordycepin) arrests dividing cells at the onset of mitosis in prometaphase. The microtubules in the arrested prometaphase cells depolymerize to two small asters. A minimum of 80 μg/ml cordycepin or 20 μg/ml cordycepin in combination with 2 μg/ml of the deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenosine (EHNA) lo inhibit its degradation is required to see these effects. Analysis of cell extracts by high-pressure liquid chromatography indicates that cordycepin enters the cells rapidly and is phosphorylated to 3′-dATP. The intracellular concentration rises almost linearly from 0.7 mM after 15 min to 7 mM by 210 min. Concomitantly the ATP concentration shows a rapid drop from the 4 mM present in controls. However, the direct reduction of ATP levels does not mimic the same rapid effects of cordycepin on the microtubules. In addition, similar effects are not produced by a variety of other adenosine analogues with alterations in the 2′ and 3′ ribose positions. Although other pharmacological reagents arrest cells at the onset of mitosis, cordycepin is unusual because of the collapse of the microtubule networks to two small asters that radiate from the microtubule-organizing center. 3′-dATP can replace the requirement for ATP or GTP in the vitro polymerization of microtubules from microtubule protein: however, at limiting concentrations of nucleotide it requires approximately two times the concentration of 3′-dATP as ATP to support an equivalent level of microtubule polymerization. This suggests that the effects of cordycepin in vivo may be the result of the depletion of cellular ATP pools and the altered ability of 3′dATP to substitute for ATP-dependent reactions. Current experiments are testing this hypothesis.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 155
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 155-164 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cold stability ; cytoskeleton ; depolymerization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Biochemical studies indicate that axonal tubulin is composed of at least two distinct pools that differ in cold solubility and biochmical composition [Brady et al: J. Cell Biol. 99:1716-1724]. To determine the morphologic correlate of cold-insoluble tubulin, segemnts of rat optic nerves were exposed to a series of in vitro experimental conditions that affect microtubules (MTs), including cold, podophyllotoxin (PT), triflupromazine (TFP), and taxol, and then examined by electron microscopy. Longitudinal sections of control axons showed MTs oriented parallel to the long axis of the axons. Axond exposed to Cold, PT, and TFP showed short segments of MTs in association with cytoskeletal disarray. Morphometric studies were used to distinguish between a simple malorientation of MTs (undulation or zigzags in their course) and the loss of labile segments of MTs, leaving the stable portions behind. The lengths of MT segments were measured in longitudinal sections, and the numbers of MTs were determined in the cross sections. All MT segment-length histograms showed a unimodal distribution. Cold and PT produced a simple shift of the control histogram to the shorter length MTs. In cross sections the numbers of MTs in cold- and PT-exposed axons were significantly decreased, indicating that the presence of short segments of MTs. Taxol, an agent that promotes MT assembly, reversed the cold effect partially and resulted in increases in both MT segment lenght and number. These studies indicate that stable MT segments are portions of longer MTs containing both stable and labile regions. Furthermore, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cold-insoluble tubulin functions as a transportable MT-organizing complex in the axon.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 156
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 182-189 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Golgi apparatus ; microtubule-organizing center ; G-glycoprotein ; cytochalasin D ; monensin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the proposition that the insertion of membrane mass into the leading edge of a motile cell plays a critical role in directed cell migration. We show by immunofluorescence, with cells transfected with a cloned cDNA encoding the G-protein of a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus, that the first cell surface appearance of the G-protein is indeed at the leading edge of the motile cell. Two drugs capable of inhibiting directed cell migration, cytochalasin D and monensin, appear to function independently, the former by affecting the actin cytoskeleton without affecting the polarized insertion of membrane mass into the cell surface and the latter by abrogating membrane mass insertion without affecting the actin cytoskeleton.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 157
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 221-234 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: α-cytomatrix ; monoclonal antibodies ; immnuolabeling ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have demonstrated the presence of MAP-2 in squirrel fish erythrophores using SDS-PAGE, immunobolt, and immunoprecipitation techniques. The monoclonal antibodies used (AP-9, -13, -14) were raised against distinct antigenic sites on Chinese hamster brain MAP-2. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that all three antibodies bind a 300 K protein found in crude cell extracts and in partially purified MAP fractions isolated from erythrophores of the squirrel fish Holocentrus rufus. Immunofluorescent studies confirmed that the 300 K protein was present in cultured erythrophores. Studies of cells induced to aggregate and disperse their pigment granules revealed that the 300 K protein comigrated with the pigment, suggesting that the 300 K protein may constitute part of the “α-cytomatrix” involved in pigment translocations.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 158
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: chemotaxis ; cell motility ; cellular polarity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Amebae of Dictyostelium discoideum normally chemotax to aggregation centers by assessing the direction of outwardly moving, nondissipating waves of the chemoattractant cAMP. However, D. discoideum amebae can also assess the direction of a relatively stable spatial gradient. We demonstrate that amebae migrating towards the “source” of a stable, spatial gradient move faster, extend fewer pseudopodia, and turn less frequently than amebae migrating away from the “source” in the same spatial gradient. In addition, amebae extend lateral pseudopods in a polarized fashion from the anterior half of the cell, and do so as frequently towards the source as away from the source. However, those formed towards the source more often produce a turn than those formed away from the source. These results suggest that there may be two decision-making systems, one localized in the pseudopods, and one along the entire cell body; they support the suggestion that Dictyostelium amebae may employ a temporal mechanism to assess the direction of a spatial gradient of chemoattractant.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 159
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 368-374 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: STEM ; polypeptide composition ; ciliary motility ; dynein molecule ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Brookhaven scanning transmission electron microscpe (STEM) was used to elucidate the structures and masses of 12S and 19S dynein extracted from bull sperm flagella. The 12S particle was a single globular particle with an average mass of 311 ± 10 kdaltons. The 19S dynein particles consisted of two globular heads joined to a common base. The average mass of the 19S particle was 1.6 ± 0.04 × 106 daltons. Thus, with the exception of the larger mass, the bull sperm 19S dynein molecule resembles the two-headed 21S dynein obtained from sea urchin sperm flagella and the 18S dynein obtained from Chlamydomonas with the possibility of a third head giving rise to the 12S particle. The structure, mass and polypeptide composition of bull sperm flagella dynein is compared with outer arm dyneins previously obtained from Chlamydomonas, Tetrahymena, and sea urchin sperm flagella.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 160
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 8 (1987), S. 375-391 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: axoneme ; cilia ; flagella ; reactivation ; ram sperm ; high speed video microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The flagellar movement of intact ejaculated ram sperm, and of demembranated models reactivated with ATP, has been studied using high-speed, high-resolution video microscopy.Intact sperm attached to the coverslip by their heads had an average beat frequency of 20.9 Hz and an average wave amplitude of 20.2 μm. There was little difference in the beat frequency or waveform of these sperm and sperm swimming freely near the coverslip or captured by their heads with a micropipette and held far from the coverslip, inducationg that the flagellar waveform of ram sperm is relatively resistant to distorition as a result of immobilization of the head or proximity to a surface. The beat envelope was nearly planar as determined by observations of free-swimming sperm and sperm captured by their head and oriented so they were beating either parallel or perpendicular to the plane of focus.The effect of various conditions for demembranation and reactivation of the sperm were examined. Treatment of sperm with 0.2 % Triton X-100 removed most of their plasma membrane. Under optimal conditions, nearly 100 % of the demembranted sperm reactivated at MgATP2- concentrations ranging from ∼4 μM to ∼20 mM. From ∼ 1 mM to ∼ 10 mM MgATP2-, their beat pattern closely resembled that of intact sperm; beat frequency depended on MgATP2- concentration. Percent motility was maximal between pH 7.5 and 8.0 and decreased sharply below pH 7.0 and avove pH 8.5. The addition of 50 μM cAMP to the reactivation medium had no effect on percent motility or the beat pattern and did not accelerate the initiation of movement.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 161
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 10-19 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; mitotic apparatus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Quinacrine, an acridine derivative which competitively binds to ATP binding sites, has been used to study the role of ATP requiring molecules in microtubule organization in mitotic PtK1 cells. Brief treatments of metaphase cells with concentrations of quinacrine ranging from 2 to 10 μM decreased spindle length and birefringence in a concentration-dependent manner. With either increasing quinacrine concentrations or duration of treatment, metaphase cells demonstrated a specific reorganization of spindle microtubules. Both polarization and electron microscopy showed a substantial loss of non-kinetochore spindle microtubules with an increase in astral microtubules: this was particularly evident in the region adjacent to the spindle domain. Addition of millimolar concentrations of dinitrophenol to quinacrine-containing medium did not potentiate the response of metaphase cells to quinacrine treatment. Time-lapse video analysis demonstrated that the astral microtubules are the result of reorganization of spindle microtubules. These data suggest that functional ATP binding sites are required to maintain stable interactions between microtubules and that these interactions are responsible for maintaining the bowed configuration of non-kinetochore spindle microtubules which are under compression at metaphase.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 162
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; calcium ; calmodulin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Calcium and calmodulin are believed in play a significant role in the regulation of mitosis, because they are both localized in the mitotic spindle and because they can potentiate microtubule depolymerization in the test tube and in the living cell. It has been hypothesized, specifically, that calcium-saturated calmodulin drives the shortening of the kinetochore microtubules that must occur during prometaphase, when the chromosomes congress to the metaphase plate, and during anaphase A, when the half-spindles shorten. We have examined the role of calmodulin in mitosis by observing the consequences of calmodulin microinjection on the progress of mitosis and morphology of the mitotic spindle in PtK2 cells. We have found that the injection of excess calcium-saturated calmodulin during early prometaphase significantly prolongs the time required for the cell to go into anaphase, and that neither calcium-depleted calmodulin nor buffer alone produce a similar perturbation. Calcium ion alone produces a similar but much smaller retardation of mitosis. Immunofluorescence and fluorescent analogue cytochemical studies of spindle morphology reveal that the immediate (〈5-min) effect of calcium-saturated calmodulin on prometaphase spindles is a significant shortening of the kinetochore fibers and “interpolar” microtubules but not the astral microtubules. After this perturbation, however, the spindle quickly recovers its normal form. An equivalent transient shortening of the spindle fibers is seen following the injection of calcium chloride solutions but not after the injection of calciumdepleted calmodulin or buffer alone. Taken together, these observations suggest that calcium-saturated calmodulin plays a significant role in the regulation of mitosis, and that this regulatory pathway involves more than spindle fiber shortening.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 163
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 209-220 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cytokinesis ; mitosis ; PtK2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: α-Actinins, isolated from muscle and nonmuscle sources and labeled with various fluorescent dyes, were microinjected into living PtK2 cells during interphase to observe the reformation of stress fibers following cell division. Fluorescently labeled ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin were also injected as control proteins. α-Actinin was incorporated into stress fibers within 5 minutes after injection and remained present in the fibers for up to 11 days. The pattern of incorporation was the same regardless of whether the α-actinin was isolated from muscle or nonmuscle tissues or whether it was labeled with fluorescein, Lucifer Yellow, or rhodamine dyes. In contrast, neither labeled ovalbumin nor bovine serum albumin were incorporated into stress fibers. When the injected cells entered prophase, all stress fibers disassembled, resulting in a distribution of the fluorescent α-actinin throughout the cytoplasm. During cytokinesis, the fluorescent α-actinin was concentrated in the broad area between the separated chromosomes and along the edge of the cell in the cleavage area. Within 10 minutes after the completion of cleavage, the first fluorescent stress fibers reformed parallel to the spreading edges of the daughter cells and in close association with the midbody with a concomitant loss of α-actinin in the former cleavage furrow. Additional fibers formed adjacent to these first stress fibers. In some cases, new stress fibers formed between two existing stress fibers and some stress fibers moved up to 4 μm apart from one another in the course of 2 hours. Thus, fluorescent α-actinin, injected into living cells, undergoes the same cyclical changes in distribution as endogenous α-actinin during the cell cycle: from stress fibers to cleavage furrow and back to stress fibers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 164
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 293-303 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Dictyostelium discoideum ; electron microscopy ; indirect immunofluorescence ; monoclonal antibodies ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cytoskeletons were prepared from vegetative amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum by extraction with Triton X-100. The cytoskeletons were suspended in buffers known to induce the assembly or disassembly of myosin filaments. The samples were fixed, and thin sections were examined by transmission electron microscopy. In both types of buffers, myosin-containing cytoskeletons exhibited a ring of densely staining proteinaceous material within the cortical filament matrix; this ring was not observed in myosin-free cytoskeletons. When myosin-containing cytoskeletons were placed in buffers that induced myosin polymerization, the ring appeared as an array of rodlike filaments approximately 13 nm wide and up to 0.5 μm in length - dimensions appropriate for myosin thick filaments. If ATP was added to cytoskeletons containing such filaments, the cytoskeletons contracted and the ring of filaments disappeared. ATP-induced contraction of cytoskeletons was also visualized by indirect immunofluorescence by using monoclonal antibodies to Dictyosielium myosin. All data were consistent with the identification of the protein ring seen by electron microscopy as cortical myosin. Its location and organization were appropriate for the production of cortical contraction through a sliding filament mechanism.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 165
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 361-367 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Cell Analyzer ; cell motility ; temperature ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The phenomena of mammalian cell motility in tissue culture is an integrated function of many cellular components. As such, cell motility is very sensitive to external stimuli and perturbation. In this article we report the effect of temperature in the range 33°C to 39°C on cell motility. For this 3T3 cells were plated in plastic tissue culture flasks. A large number of individual cells (60 per experiment) were tracked as a function of time by means of an automated device, the Cell Analyzer. The data show a peak in the average cell speed in the range 36.5°C to 38.5°C, falling off sharply at lower and higher temperatures. The average rate of cell motility closely correlates to the average cell proliferation rate in the range 33°C to 39°C.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 166
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 198-208 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: high-speed microcinematography ; Hemicentrotus ; primitive response ; ciliary reversal ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Transient ciliary movement during responses to electric stimulation of embryos of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, was analyzed in terms of angular direction with a time resolution of approximately 2 ms with high-speed microcinematography. In the primitive response, which can be induced only in the early stages of development of the embryo, bending transients always started with a short pause in the middle of the effective stroke, irrespective of beat position on stimulation. In the reversal response, induced only in the late stages of development, bending transients occurred with a delay as short as some 10 ms from stimulation, and with a transient sharp deviation from the normal beat before the cilium took the position of the beginning of the recovery stroke of the reversed beat. The delay was significantly shorter at the base than at the tip, suggesting that some form of signal travels along the cilium; the speed was ten times higher than that of propagating bends in the normal beat. These facts indicate that the sensitivity to internal changes resulting from stimulation of the axoneme may vary with development, ciliary beat positions, and regions along the cilium.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 167
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 235-247 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: diethylstilbestrol ; estradiol ; microtubules ; mitotic apparatus ; cytoplasmic microtubule complex ; indirect immunofluorescence ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We tested diethylstilbestrol (DES) and 17 β-estradiol as mitotic arrestants to determine their effects on chromosome distribution, spindle microtubules, and the cytoplasmic microtubule complex (CMTC) in the Chinese hamster strain Don. Cytological experiments assessed micronuclei induction, chromosome displacement, and anaphase recovery Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with antibody to tubulin and electron microscopy were used to illustrate effects on microtubules. Both DES and estradiol were potent inhibitors of mitosis when applied to cells in vitro. Estradiol induced micronuclei at a greater frequency than did DES. Estradiol-arrested metaphases often contained misaligned chromosomes despite the presence of a bipolar spindle and an equatorial plate. Equatorial plates were not observed in DES-arrested cells. Cells recovered quickly from estradiol exposure upon removal of the steroid. The frequency of abnormal metaphases and abnormal anaphases declined as the recovery period increased. Microtubule experiments showed that DES inhibited spindle assembly and disassembled the CMTC, whereas estradiol, at similar concentrations, arrested mitosis in a manner that allowed spindle assembly. A definite effect on the CMTC by estradiol could not be determined. However, changes in cell morphology were observed. In the presence of estradiol, centrosomes organized microtubules that joined with kinet-ochores of chromosomes at the equatorial plate as well as with those of misaligned chromosomes. Misaligned chromosomes appeared predominantly at polar regions of mitotic cells. Following drug removal, the pole-oriented chromosomes reoriented at the equatorial plate. The unique arresting properties of estradiol may prove useful in studies of chromosome migration and segregation during mitosis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 168
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 7 (1987), S. 282-290 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: MTOC ; BHK cells ; fusion ; locomotion ; polarity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: After fusion of BHK cells with polyethylene glycol, the resulting syncitia contained in 77% of the cases multiple microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), which were aggregated into a common centrosphere. Based on the observation of phagokinetic tracks, we found that the syncitia were able to locomote if (1) the MTOCs aggregated into a common centrosphere cluster, and (2) the clustered centrospheres were excluded from the cluster of nuclei of the syncitium. The results suggest that each individual pair of one nucleus and one centrosphere contributes, in a process of vectorial addition, its individual polarity to the polarity of the syneitium. Thus the widely accepted idea that the centrosphere is involved in the determinatinn of cell polarity can be generalized beyond the case of single cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 169
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 33 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 170
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cellular hybrids ; tumor suppression ; Harvey-ras oncogene ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Somatic cell hybrids were isolated from fusions of diploid embryonic rat fibro-blasts with transformed Rat-1 cells which contained 4 to 5 copies of the transforming human Ha-ras 1 gene. In contrast to their transformed parental cells four hybrid clones showed normal morphology, long latency periods of tumorigenicity in newborn rats, anchorage requirement of proliferation, and an eightfold-reduced amount of secreted transforming growth factor activity. Thus these hybrids are called suppressed with regard to expression of the Ha-ras-induced transformed phenotype. Tumorigenic derivatives of the suppressed hybrids that had segregated chromosomes were isolated. Since two of the tumorigenic hybrid clones showed the similar low level of secreted transforming growth factors as the suppressed hybrids, decreased production of transforming growth factor activity is unlikely to be a sufficient criterion for suppression of malignancy. Whereas one of the suppressed hybrids expressed the transforming gene product p21 at a level similar to that of the transformed parental cells, other suppressed hybrids expressed less p21. This suggests that the suppressed phenotype can be regulated at the posttranslational level of p21 but that additional controls of expression of p21 are likely to exist. DNA of the suppressed hybrids transformed Rat-1 cells to proliferation in the presence of semisolid agar. Thus the activated human Ha-ras gene in the suppressed hybrids retained its biological activity even though it did not transform these cells to tumorigenicity.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 171
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 172
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987), S. 47-59 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: interleukin 2 ; protein kinase C ; phosphoproteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin 2 (IL 2) is a polypeptide growth factor essential for the proliferation and differentiation of T lymphocytes, large granulocytic lymphocytes, and, potentially, cells of the antibody-producing lineage, B lymphocytes. Many of the biological properties of IL 2 may be mimicked or potentiated by a potent class of tumor promoters, phorbol esters. Phorbol esters have recently been shown to associate with and activate a unique phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent phosphotransferase, protein kinase C (PK-C). Utilizing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we have compared the IL 2 and diacylglycerol-induced protein phosphorylation patterns of several IL 2-dependent murine cell lines. Both IL 2 and synthetic diacylglycerol, 1-oleyl-2-acetyIglycerol (OAG), stimulated phosphorylation of a number of protein substrates in intact cells compared to unstimulated controls. Three groups of substrates were identified; the first showed increased phosphorylation following stimulation with either IL 2 or OAG, while the second and third groups showed increased phosphorylation following stimulation with IL 2 but not OAG, and with OAG but not IL 2, respectively. Here, we characterize the kinetics of phosphorylation of one cellular substrate, p68, which appears to be phosphorylated in response to direct activators of PK-C or lymphoid or myeloid growth factors in their respective lineage cell lines. The observation that IL 2 also stimulates a unique series of phosphoproteins in addition to those induced by direct PK-C activators suggests that IL 2 may initiate additional protein kinase activities, unrelated to PK-C, which may also be critical for the ligand-receptor signal transduction process regulating growth and gene expression.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 173
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: hypersensitivity ; granulomas ; skin ; athymic nude mice ; biomedical analysis ; angiotensin-converting enzyme ; eosinophil chemotactic factor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), other proteinases, and eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF-G) are known to be elevated in hepatic hypersensitivity granulomas of thymus intact (nu/+) mice after Schistosoma mansoni infection. The enzyme activities also increase, but to a lesser degree in hepatic granulomas of athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, and ECF-G is not detectable. In this study isolated hepatic granulomas from nu/+ mice were grafted into the skin of uninfected nu/nu mice, and changes in those cellular functions were determined to examine whether the newly formed granulomas by recipient nu/nu cells acquire the functional activities as well as the histological appearance of nu/+ granulomas. ACE and ECF-G rapidly disappeared from grafted sites during the first 5 days, corresponding to loss of nu/+ cells from the graft. Reduction in activities of arylsulfatases, lysozyme, and acid phosphatase also occurred, but to a lesser extent. Recovery of ACE and ECF-G activities to the levels seen in nu/+ hepatic granulomas was observed by 14 days after grafting when nu/nu cells had accumulated in the grafts and formed new granulomas. Other enzymes increased to approximately half the levels seen in grafted donor granulomas. Circulating eosinophilia also increased. The findings indicate that nu/nu cells that accumulated in the skin grafts not only morphologically mimicked nu/+ type granulomas but also demonstrated nu/+ levels of cellular function. Analysis of skin granulomas developing in nu/+ mice after grafting of nu/+ hepatic granulomas showed the similar histology and enzymatic changes, whereas the skin sites inoculated with purified schistosome eggs alone caused neither significant histological changes nor elevation of ACE activity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 174
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: TPA ; oncogene expression ; human epithelial cells ; phorbol ester ; immortalization ; c-myc ; c-fos ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of the skin tumor-promoter TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-ace-tate) on expression of cellular proto-oncogenes has been examined in cell lines derived from human urothelium. A single treatment with TPA (1 μg/ml) increased the transcription of c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogenes at least 20-fold in the mortal cell line HU 1752. The induction was transient and was accompanied by a rapid but transient change in cell morphology. When immortalized cell lines were treated with TPA a similar rapid and transient morphological response was observed, but the TPA treatment only increased the level of c-fos mRNA. suggesting that the normal regulation of c-myc transcription is altered in immortalized cells irrespective of their tumorigenic properties. The levels of c-Ha-ras and c-Ki-ras mRNAs were unaffected by TPA treatment in all cell lines.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 175
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987), S. 81-100 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: ubiquitin ; α-NH2 group ; transfer RNA ; proteolytic pathway ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Degradation of intracellular proteins via the ubiquitin pathway involves several steps. In the initial event, ubiquitin becomes covalently linked to the protein substrate in an ATP-requiring reaction. Following ubiquitin conjugation, the protein moiety of the adduct is selectively degraded with the release of free and reusable ubiquitin. Ubiquitin modification of a variety of protein targets in the cell plays a role in basic cellular functions. Modification of core nucleosomal histones is probably involved in regulation of gene expression at the level of chromatin structure. Ubiquitin attachment to cell surface proteins may play roles in processes of cell-cell interaction and adhesion, and conjugation of ubiquitin to other yet to be identified protein(s) could be involved in the progression of cells through the cell cycle. Despite the considerable progress that has been made in the elucidation of the mode of action and cellular roles of the ubiquitin pathway, many major problems remain unsolved. A problem f central importance is the specificity in the ubiquitin ligation system. Why are certain proteins conjugated and committed for degradation, whereas other proteins are not? A free α-NH2 group is an important feature of the protein structure recognized by the ubiquitin conjugation system, and tRNA is required for the conjugation of ubiquitin to selective proteo-lytic substrates and for their subsequent degradation. These findings can shed light on some of the features of a substrate that render it susceptile to ubiquitin-mediated degradation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 176
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987), S. 151-162 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: anti-idiotypic antibodies ; thyrotropin subunits ; thyrotropin receptor ; monoclonal antibody ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: TSH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone, whose dissociated subunits are without biological activity. This has precluded the assessment of the relative contribution of each subunit to hormone action. We have raised anti-idiotypes to monoclonal antibodies specific, respectively, for the α and β hTSH subunits. The anti-β anti-idiotype inhibited l25I-hTSH binding to the β subunit-specific monoclonal quantitatively, whereas 125I-hTSH binding to the α subunit-specific monoclonal was not inhibited by anti-α anti-idiotypes, suggesting that only the former is an “internal image” anti-idiotype. Neither of the two anti-idiotypes nor equimolar mixtures thereof inhibited 125I-bTSH binding to thyroid membranes, even though radiolabelled anti-idiotypes showed saturable binding to thyroid plasma membrane which was inhibited 41-65% by bTSH. Each anti-idiotype alone caused 9% inhibition (compared to 50% by NRIgG) of thyroid plasma membrane adenylate cyclase. Equimolar mixtures (125 μg/ml IgG of each anti-idiotype) induced enzyme activity equivalent to 85% of that of 250 mU/ml of TSH. The TSH-like action of the two anti-idiotypes was also reflected in their capacity to increase (450% by 250 μg/ml IgG compared to normal rabbit IgG) the uptake of 131I into isolated thyrocytes and to promote the organization of such cells into follicular structures. At 250 μg/ml, anti-β anti-idiotype promoted the organization of small follicles and only at a concentration of 500 μg/ml did it enhance 131I uptake. Anti α idiotype was without effect in both assays. Lastly, mixture of anti-idiotypes bound to the ∼ 197,000 Mr band (TSH holoreceptor) on protein blots of thyroid plasma membranes resolved on NaDSO4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions. Individual anti-idiotypes were without effect.The TSH α and β subunits apparently deliver two cooperative signals to the receptor and that specificity is associated with the β subunit, while the α subunit is important in enhancing receptor affinity for the heterodimer and in stablizing TSH-receptor complex.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 177
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987), S. 187-202 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: calcium-dependent cell adhesion ; epithelial cells ; cell-CAM 120/80 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) mediate intercellular adhesion in epithelial cells and in preimplantation mammalian embryos. One of these molecules, cell-CAM 120/80, is found on cells as a 120-kd membrane glycoprotein and as a soluble 80-kd species in conditioned culture medium [Damsky et al: Cell 34:455, 1983]. We have purified to homogeneity the soluble 80-kd fragment of cell-CAM 120/80 by using monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography. We have shown that the purified molecule can disrupt cell-cell adhesion in cultured epithelial cells, thus indicating that it is directly involved in the adhesive process. In addition, we have further characterized both the 120-kd cell-associated molecule and its 80-kd fragment, including N-terminal sequence analysis.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 178
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987), S. 203-211 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: eosinophils ; protein phosphorylation ; cell activation ; zymosan ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore (A23187), opsonized zymosan (OZ), and N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-Met-Leu-Phe) on protein phosphorylation was examined in purified eosinophils (eos) isolated from human peripheral blood. Eos were prelabeled with [32P]orthophosphate, stimulated with several activating agents for varying periods of time. The soluble proteins were then analyzed by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and autoradiography. In resting eos, there was phosphorylation of endogenous soluble proteins with molecular weights of 12, 16, 21, 40, and 66 kilodaltons (kDa). PMA, a potent activator of oxidative metabolism, induced phosphorylation of 19-, 40-, and 67-kDa proteins. A23187, a strong degranulating stimulus, caused phosphorylation of 40-, 53-, and 67-kDa proteins. OZ, a relatively weak stimulus for eos function, caused phosphorylation of 30-34-, 59-, 67-, and 93-kDa proteins. In addition, all the above stimuli caused a time-dependent dephosphorylation of 21-kDa protein. In contrast, f-Met-Leu-Phe caused neither phosphorylatiop of new proteins nor dephosphorylation of preexisting eos proteins. These findings demonstrate that selected stimuli affect phosphorylation of soluble eos protein. These results also suggest that phosphorylation of specific proteins in eos is an intermediary step in external stimulus-induced cell activation, which may involve many different cell functions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 179
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 180
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: monoclonal antibody ; melanoma growth stimulatory activity ; serum free culture medium ; Hs0294 malignant melanoma cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Autostimulatory growth factors may contribute to the ability of malignant cells to escape normal growth controls. We have previously shown that Hs0294 human malignant melanoma cells release into culture medium an acid-soluble, heat-stable, trypsin-sensitive, autostimulatory monolayer mitogen which can be purified from acetic acid extracts of conditioned medium by gel filtration, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and preparative electrophoresis. The majority of this melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA) resides in a 16-Kd moiety though bioactivity is also associated with 24-26 and 〈 14-Kd forms of MGSA (Richmond and Thomas: J Cell Physiol 129:375, 1986). In order to further characterize this growth factor, monoclonal antibodies were prepared against a partially purified preparation of the autostimulatory melanoma mitogen. Monoclonal antibody clones were selected based on supernate inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation in serum-free Hs0294 melanoma cultures. One of these, termed FB2AH7, slows, but does not completely block, the growth of Hs0294 cells in scrum-free medium in a dose-dependent manner. This antibody does not slow the growth of normal rat kidney fibroblasts, which neither produce nor require this mitogen, in either serum-free medium or medium containing 0.8% calf scrum. This monoclonal antibody also blocks the mitogenic effects of partially purified preparations of this melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA) on both Hs0294 cells and normal rat kidney fibroblasts. The FB2AH7 antibody has been demonstrated to bind MGSA by Western blot and by immunoprecipitation procedures. Western blot analysis of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography purified growth factor demonstrated that FB2AH7 antibody binds to the 16-Kd and ∼ 13-14-Kd forms of MGSA. FB2AH7 antibody can be used in immunoprecipitation experiments to bind the ∼ 13-16-Kd forms of MGSA. The specificity of the binding of FB2AH7 antibody for MGSA but not other growth factors has been demonstrated in a modified dot blot assay. These data thus support the hypothesis that MGSA is an autostimulatory melanoma mitogen distinct from other growth factors.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 181
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987), S. 227-238 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: alpha-1-antichymotrypsin ; proteinase inhibitor ; acute-phase reactant ; immunostain ; central nervous system ; neuron ; glial cell ; choroid plexus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The presence of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, a serine proteinase inhibitor with a high affinity for cathepsin G, is demonstrated in the normal human central nervous system (CNS) by immunohistochemical techniques. Paraffin-embedded normal human CNS tissue from five adult, two fetal, one neonatal and three newborn autopsies were stained with monospecific rabbit antibodies to human alpha-1-antichymotrypsin using biotinylated goat anti-rabbit antibodies and an avidin-biotin- peroxidase complex. Positive immunostaining was seen in neurons and glial cells in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord of the adults. The epithelium of the adult choroid plexus had the most intense staining in apical granular organelles corresponding in position to lysosomes or secretory granules. Ependymal cells, particularly those near the choroid plexus, were immunostained. The fetal CNS had no alpha-1-antichymotrypsin staining. Limited staining of choroid plexus, ependyma. and frontal lobe was found in the newborns. Immunostaining in the neonatal temporal lobe was only found in the choroid-plexus epithelium. These observations establish a widespread distribution of this proteinase inhibitor in the normal human CNS. Developmental regulation of this inhibitor in the human CNS is also indicated.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 182
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987), S. 259-268 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 183
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987), S. 247-258 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: dihydrofolate reductase ; gene amplification ; double minute chromosomes ; multi-drug resistance ; Kirsten-ras ; homogeneously staining regions ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Pulsed field gradient electrophoresis allows the separation of large DNA molecules up to 2,000 kilobases (kb) in length and has the potential to close the resolution gap between standard electrophoresis of DNA molecules (smaller than 50 kb) and standard cytogenetics (larger than 2,000 kb). We have analysed the amplified DNA in four cell lines containing double minute chromosomes (DMs) and two lines containing homogeneously staining regions. The cells were immobilized in agarose blocks, lysed, deproteinized, and the liberated DNA was digested in situ with various restriction endonucleases. Following electrophoretic separation by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, the DNA in the gel was analysed by Southern blotting with appropriate probes for the amplified DNA. We find that the DNA in intact DMs is larger than 1,500 kb. Our results are also compatible with the notion that the DNA in DMs is circular, but this remains to be proven. The amplified segment of wild-type DNA covers more than 550 kb in all lines and possibly up to 2,500 kb in some. We confirm that the repeat unit is heterogeneous in some of the amplicons. In two cell lines, however, with low degrees of gene amplification, we find no evidence for heterogeneity of the repeats up to 750 (Y1-DM) and 800 kb (3T6-R50), respectively. We propose that amplicons start out long and homogeneous and that the heterogeneity in the repeat arises through truncation during further amplification events in which cells with shorter repeats have a selective advantage. Even if the repeats are heterogeneous, however, pulsed field gradient gels can be useful to establish linkage of genes over relatively short chromosomal distances (up to 1,000 kb). We discuss some of the promises and pitfalls of pulsed field gel electrophoresis in the analysis of amplified DNA.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 184
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 34 (1987), S. 283-291 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: growth control ; Sialoglycopeptide inhibitor ; epidermal growth factor ; DNA synthesis inhibition ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The control of cell proliferation involves the complex interaction between growth factors and growth inhibitors. We have examined this interaction with the mitogen epidermal growth factor (EOF) and a recently purified 18 kD, pI 3, sialoglycopeptide that reversibly inhibits cellular metabolism of a variety of cells. The sialogly-copeptide was a very potent inhibitor of EOF action; 0.22 nM of the inhibitor completely blocked the mitogenic effect of 1.60 nM of EGF. The sialoglycopeptide, however, did not affect the binding of EGF to 3T3 cells. Neither the mixed affinities (0.11-1.9 nM) of binding nor the total number of receptors (50,000 receptors/cell) for EGF were altered by the addition of the Sialoglycopeptide. In addition, competitive binding experiments demonstrated the specificity of inhibitor binding to 3T3 cells and also showed that EGF and the Sialoglycopeptide did not share the same receptor, suggesting that the inhibitor blocked EGF action at a postreceptor, intracellular event in the signal cascade. We further demonstrated that the Sialoglycopeptide had to be added within 2.5 hr after EGF to block effectively the stimulation of DNA synthesis by the growth factor, suggesting that the inhibitor blocked EGF stimulation at a relatively early step in the signal transduction mechanism.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 185
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: breast cancer ; growth factors ; estrogen ; IGF-I ; TGF ; PDGF ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe studies on human breast cancer in which it is shown that specific growth factors (IGF-I, TGFα, PDGF) are secreted by human breast cancer cells and likely to be involved in tumor growth and progression. These activities are regulated by estradiol in hormone-dependent breast cancer and secreted constitutively by hormone-independent cells. These growth factor activities can induce the growth of hormone-dependent cells in vivo in athymic nude mice. Hormone-dependent breast cancer cells also secrete TGFβ, a growth-inhibitory substance, when treated with antiestrogens. TGFβ functions as a negative autocrine growth regulator and is responsible for some of the growth-inhibitory effects of antiestrogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 186
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 35 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 187
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 35 (1987), S. 51-68 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: steroid receptors ; heat shock protein ; transformation ; phosphorylation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: This brief review explores some recent observations relating to the structure of untransformed glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors and the mechanism by which the receptors are transformed to the DNA-binding state. In their molybdate-stabilized, untransformed state, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors exist as a heteromeric 8-9S complex containing one unit of steroid binding phosphoprotein and one or two units of the 90 kD heat shock protein hsp90. When the receptors are transformed, the steroid-binding protein dissociates from hsp90. In cytosol preparations, temperature-mediated dissociation proceeds much more rapidly in the presence of hormone. The dissociated receptor binds to DNA with high affinity, regardless of whether it is in the hormone-bound or the hormone-free state. These observations raise the possibility that the primary, and perhaps the only, role for the hormone is to promote dissociation of the receptor-hsp90 complex.Molybdate, vanadate, and tungstate inhibit receptor transformation to the DNA-binding form, an effect that appears to reflect the ability of these transition metal oxyanions to stabilize the complex between the steroid receptor and hsp90. By promoting the formation of disulfide bonds, hydrogen peroxide also stabilizes the glucocorticoid receptor-hsp90 complex and prevents receptor transformation. A small, heat-stable factor present in all cytosol preparations inhibits receptor transformation, and, when the factor is removed, glucocorticoid receptors are rapidly transformed. This ubiquitous factor has the physical properties of a metal anion, and it is proposed that molybdate and vanadate affect steroid receptor complexes by interacting with a metal anion-binding site that is normally occupied by this endogenous receptor-stabilizing factor.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 188
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: calcium ; microfilaments ; liposomes ; calpactin ; microvilli ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Microvilli isolated from the MAT-C1 ascites subline of the 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma contain a major calcium-sensitive microfilament-binding protein, AMV-p35 (ascites microvillar p35). Association of AMV-p35 with microfilament cores during Triton X-100 extraction of the microvilli is half-maximal at 0.1-0.2 mM calcium. The protein, which comprises 6% of the total microvillar protein, can be isolated from microfilament cores prepared in the presence of calcium by extraction with EGTA and purification by ion-exchange chromatography. Alternatively, the protein can be isolated from Triton extracts of microvilli prepared in the absence of calcium by precipitation with calcium, solubilization of the precipitate with EGTA, and chromatography on an ion-exchange column. AMV-p35 binds to phosphatidylserine liposomes and F-actin with half-maximal calcium concentrations of about 10 μM and 0.2 mM, respectively. Treatment of AMV-p35 with chymotrypsin yields a 33,000-dalton fragment, behavior similar to the tyrosine kinase substrates calpactins I and II and lipocortins I and II. Immunoblot analyses using antibodies directed against calpactin I, lipocortin I, and lipocortin II showed strong reactivity of AMV-p35 with anti-calpactin I and anti-lipocortin II, but little reactivity toward anti-lipocortin I. The close relationship between AMV-p35 and calpactin I was verified by amino acid sequence analyses of peptides isolated from cyanogen bromide digests of AMV-p35. By gel filtration and velocity sedimentation analyses purified AMV-p35 is a 35,000-dalton monomer. Moreover, AMV-p35 extracted directly from microvilli in Triton/EGTA also behaves as a 35,000-dalton menomer. These findings indicate that AMV-p35 is closely related to the pp60src kinase substrate calpactin I (p36). However, AMV-p35 occurs in the microvilli as a monomer rather than as the heterotetrameric calpactin found in several other cell types.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 189
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 35 (1987), S. 205-216 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: glucocorticoid hormone induction (of glutamine synthetase) during development ; induction of glutamine synthetase ; responsiveness during development ; tissue-specific induction by glucocorticoid hormones ; induction of mRNA (by glucocorticoid hormones) ; glucocorticoid hormone induction (of glutamine synthetase) in retina ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have characterized the glucocorticoid hormone induction of glutamine synthetase mRNA in embryonic chick retinal organ cultures by quantitative dot hybridization using a cDNA clone derived from chick retinal RNA. Hydrocortisone (Kapp = 3-4 nM) and dexamethasone (Kapp = 1-2 nM) produce an approximate 30-fold increase in glutamine synthetase mRNA after incubation of organ cultures derived from embryonic day 12 retinae with either hormone for 3 hr. Progesterone is a poor inducer. The glucocorticoid-mediated rise is rapid (t½ = 2-3 hr) and occurs in the presence of either of the protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide or puromycin, indicating that the induction is a primary or direct response to the hormone. However, the magnitude of the hormonal response observed in culture increases markedly during retinal development. These observations, coupled with the previously reported absence of a hormonal induction in embryonic liver, raise the possibility of a synergistic mechanism, involving tissue-specific regulatory molecules in addition to the glucocorticoid hormone receptor, to explain the retinal-specific primary glucocorticoid hormone induction of glutamine synthetase mRNA.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 190
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 35 (1987), S. 175-184 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: spermatozoa ; sperm flagella ; intracellular pH ; chemotaxis ; guanylate cyclase ; cGMP ; sea urchin spermtozoa ; adenylate cyclase ; cAMP-dependent protein kinase ; calmodulin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: There is substantial evidence that cAMP-dependent phosphorylation is involved in the activation of motility of spermatozoa as they are released from storage in the male reproductive tract. This evidence includes observations that in vivo activation of motility can be inhibited by protein kinase inhibitors, can be reversed by protein phosphatase treatment of demembranated spermatozoa, and is associated with phosphorylation of sperm proteins, and observations that spermatozoa that have not been activated in vivo can be activated in vitro by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation. Activation in vivo can often be triggered by conditions that increase intracellular pH, but the relevance of this to in vivo activation under natural conditions and the steps between pH increase and cAMP increase have not been fully established. The relationships between changes in the protein substrates for cAMP-dependent phosphorylation and changes in axonemal function are still unknown.Sperm chemotaxis to egg secretions is widespread; in the sea urchin Arbacia, the egg jelly peptide resact has been identified as a chemoattractant. Response to chemoatlractants involves changes in assymmetry of flagellar bending waves, and similar changes in asymmetry can be produced in vitro by increases in [Ca++]. Temporal changes in resact receptor occupancy might lead to transient changes in intracellular [Ca++] and the asymmetry of flagellar bending, but many links in this hypothetical sequence remain to be established.Both of these signalling systems offer immediate opportunities for investigations of biochemical pathways leading to easily assayable biological responses. However, complications resulting from interactions between these two systems need to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 191
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 35 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 192
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 35 (1987), S. 231-245 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: 12-O-tetradecanolylphorbol-13-acetate ; l-oleyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol ; HL-60 cells ; membrane modification ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The cell-permeable diacylglycerol mediators have been shown to mimic partially the effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on cultured cells. In order to evaluate the metabolic stability of the lipid mediators, several radiolabeled diacylglycerols were synthesized and their uptake and intracellular fate in cultured HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) cells was compared with TPA. In addition to whole cell assessment, the stability of diacyl lipids and TPA was evaluated in a buffer/water system and in the presence of serum and subcellular fractions. The compounds studied include 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol (DiOG), l-oleoyl-2-ace-tyl-sn-glycerol (OaG), 1-palmitoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (PaG), the ether-linked analog l-palmityl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (ePaG), and TPA. TPA was comparatively stable to lipase hydrolysis in all systems examined. First, the data show that within 5 min at pH 7.9, nearly 50% of the PaG (originally 〉 92% 1,2-isomer) had isomerized, and rapid formation of the 1,3-isomer also occurred with OaG and ePaG. The metabolism of OaG and PaG by serum hydrolases, using a reaction medium containing 10% serum, was chiefly by acetate hydrolysis; however, fatty acid was also liberated. After a 60-min incubation 68% of the [14C]OaG was converted, by serum enzymes, to monooleoylglycerol plus oleic acid. Heat-inactivation of serum reduced the enzymatic formation of fatty acid by 60-70%. ePaG was also metabolized by serum enzymes, but the ether-linked alkylglycerol product was stable. The results of cell-free studies (postmitochondrial supernatant) showed that cellular enzymes were present that could, like serum, convert the diacylglycerols to monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids. Studies using cultured cells showed that radiolabeled OaG, PaG, and ePaG were rapidly taken up by the cells and metabolized. Labeled metabolic products from the diacylglycerols appeared, in a time-dependent manner, in cellular phospholipids and triacylglycerols. The results from experiments employing l-acyl-2-acetyl-sn-[3H]glycerol and [3 H]acyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol indicate that the intracellular mode of mediator metabolism is via complete hydrolysis with subsequent incorporation of 3H-acyl groups into complex lipids. Data are also presented which show that a substantial amount of cellular lipid acyl group modification occurs and large amounts of glycerol are produced when cells are cultured with OaG. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the diacylglycerol mediators, when compared with TPA, are not stable and are metabolized by both serum and cellular enzymes. In view of this some of the cellular affects of OaG exposure could be directed by mediator metabolites or be the result of membrane modification.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 193
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: growth inhibition ; primary hepatocytes ; liver epithelial cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Improvements in the purification of a hepatic proliferation inhibitor (HPI) from adult rat liver have yielded a product that has an inhibitory activity 1,000-fold greater than previously reported. The growth inhibitory activity, which could be eluted from SDS-PAGE at 17-19 kilodaltons (kD), was compared to that of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). The ID50 of the HPI preparation in Fischer rat liver epithelial cells was 50 pg/ml (2.5 pM) compared to a value of 260 pg/ml (10.4 pM) obtained for pure human TGF-β. Both inhibitors also modulated the stimulation of DNA synthesis in primary hepatocytes by either epidermal growth factor or a growth stimulatory activity prepared from serum of hepatectomized rats. The ID50S of HPI and TGF-β in these cells were 250 pg/ml and 40 pg/ml, respectively. In contrast to TGF-β the growth inhibitory activity of HPI was unaltered in the presence of an antibody raised against TGF-β. The possible mechanism of action of HPI is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 194
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: pro-opiomelanocortin ; DNA binding site ; glucocorticoid-inhibitory element ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The gene encoding pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) offers an interesting model system to study negative control of transcription in eucaryotes. Indeed, glucocorticoid hormones specifically inhibit transcription of the POMC gene in the anterior pituitary. The POMC gene is predominantly expressed in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary. However, only anterior pituitary POMC transcription is inhibited by glucocorticoids and stimulated by corticotropino-releasing hormone (CRH). Rat POMC promoter sequences required for anterior pituitary-specific expression were localized between positions -480 and -34 base pairs (bp) by DNA-mediated gene transfer into the POMC-expressing tumor cells, AtT-20. These POMC promoter sequences also confer glucocorticoid inhibition of transcription. While two of the six in vitro binding sites for purified glucocorticoid receptor identified in the rat POMC gene are within these sequences, only one is required for glucocorticoid inhibition; this binding site is located at position -63 bp in the promoter and overlaps a putative CCA AT box sequence. The DNA sequence of the POMC -63 bp receptor binding site is homologous to receptor binding sites identified in the glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) of glucocorticoid-inducible genes. However, DNA sequence divergencies between these sites, in particular within the conserved hexanucleotide sequence 5′-TGTYCT-3′, may be involved in their opposite transcriptional activity. Alternatively, binding of the receptor in the promoter proximal region of the POMC gene may inhibit transcription by a hormone-dependent represser mechanism.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 195
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 35 (1987), S. 1-84 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 196
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 35 (1987), S. 138-173 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 197
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 35 (1987), S. 77-122 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 35 (1987), S. 27-76 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 33 (1987), S. 95-107 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: transforming growth factors ; TGFβ ; oncogene activation ; growth stimulation ; growth inhibition ; neoplastic growth ; cancer cell ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Transforming growth factors (TGFs) are peptides that affect the growth and phenotypic of cultured cells and bring about in nonmalignant fibroblastic cells phenotypic properties that resemble those of malignant cells. Two types of TGFs have been well characterized. One of these, TGFβ, is related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and binds to the EGF receptor, whereas the other. TGFβ, is not structurally or functionally related to TGFβ or EGF and mediates its effects via distinct receptors.TGFβ is produced by a variety of normal and malignant cells. Depending upon the assay system employed, TGFβ has both growth-inhibitory and growth-stimulating properties. Many of the mitogenic effects of TGFβ are probably an indirect result of the activation of certain growth factor genes in the target cell. The ubiquitous nature of the TGFβ receptor and the production of TGFβ in a latent form by most cultured cells suggests that the differing cellular responses to TGFβ are regulated either by events involved in the activation of the factor or by postreceptor mechanisms. The combined effects of TGFβ with other growth factors or inhibitors evidently play a central role in the control of normal and malignant cellular growth as well as in cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Since transforming growth factor as a concept has partially proven misleading and insufficient, there is a need to find a new nomenclature for these regulators of cellular growth and differentiation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 33 (1987), S. 87-94 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: c-AMP ; G-proteins ; Ki-ras oncogene ; proliferation ; transformation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Rat kidney (NRK) cells infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of the Kirsten sarcoma virus were arrested in the G0/G1phase of their cell cycle by incubation in serum-deficient medium at a p21-inactivating temperature of 41°C. These quiescent ts K-NRK cells were then stimulated to transit g1 and initiate DNA replication by lowering the temperature to 36°C, which rapidly reactivated p21 Reactivating the viral Ki-RAS protein by temperature shift led to an increase in adenylate cyclase activity in early G1 phase. The Ki-RAS protein increased the sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to guany1 nucleotides by a mechanism that seemed to involve inactivation of the enzyme's inhibitory G1regulatory protein.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...