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  • Electronic Resource  (946)
  • 1975-1979  (946)
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  • Engineering General  (946)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1851-1863 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary control problem of optimal heating of an infinitely long slab with tempertue-dependent thermal conductivity, subjected to a convection and radiation boundary condition, is analysed by numerical methods.In order to reformulate the optimal control problem of distributed parameter systems as a mathematical programming problem of finite dimension, a space, co-ordinate is discretized by use of the finite element method, while the Runge-Kutta method is utilized for time integrations. Finally, the performance index of the optimal control problem is minimized by the conjugate gradient method of optimization.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1879-1879 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1875-1878 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 103-113 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new finite element technique for two-dimensional viscous incompressible fluid flow problems is presented in this paper. The vorticity transport equation is integrated in a small control volume, which results in the conservation law of vorticity. The finite element technique is applied to this equation together with the continuity equation, where simple linear triangular elements with three nodes are used for the formulation. Resulting sets of algebraic equations are solved by the use of a kind of relaxation method. Numerical results for viscous flow past a cavity show good agreement with experimental results.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 148-152 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 125-142 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An implementation of the Ahmad Thick Shell element using vector manipulation, reduced integration and the incorporation of the missing term in the approximating polynomial is presented. The first two aspects are merely applications. The theory is presented elsewhere6,7,11,18 and will not be repeated for the sake of conciseness. The third aspect was achieved by adding to the original nodal configuration a central node having only one degree-of-freedom. That node is then eliminated to preserve the original number of degrees-of-freedom.The Ahmad thick shell element is adequately presented in finite element literature.1-3 The co-ordinate definition and the displacement field are retained and will not be dealt with henceforth. However, a different concept of the strain definition due to Irons is used and the bending terms are included in the modulus matrix.The element like all second generation isoparametric elements is easily implemented through a shape function subroutine suitable for quadrilaterals. It reproduces exactly rigid body motion for any combination of elements of any geometry even for elements withcurved sides and variable thickness. Although Ahmad's thick shell element passed the patch test for unequal parallelograms but not for quadrilaterals the version presented passes that test for quadrilaterals.In spite of its credentials, the new version denoted by A has a major setback. the presence of one too many spurious mechanism is reported.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 153-155 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 143-147 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method by which the numerical difficulties that one encounters while attempting to solve the differential equations which describe a diffusion flame can be circumvented is the quasi-linearization technique. Application of this method in conjunction with difference approximations transforms the equations into tri-diagonal matrices which can be inverted by the Thomas method. Since this is an iterative method initial profiles are generated by employing Burke-Schumann kinetics. This method is found to be superior to the marching techiques that are frequently used in the analyses of diffusion flames.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. I 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 159-178 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A series of open-type elements which are compatible with axisymmetric thin shell elements have been dervied. These elements allow the effects of intermediate openings and discrete support systems for rotational shells to be realistically modelled in the dynamic regime. Also, consistent load vectors for several common cases are derived.The availablility of these elements in a public domain computer program enhances the possibility for modelling systems which are basically axisymmetric but which include intermediate or end supports using a rotational shell code.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 179-200 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple, efficient and versatile finite element is introduced for shell applications. The element is developed based on a degeneration concept, in which the displacements and rotations of the shell mid-surface are independent variables. Bilinear functions are employed in conjunction with a reduced integration for the transverse shear energy. Several examples are tested to demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of the element. The numerical results indicate that the shell element performs accurately for both thick and thin shell situations.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 227-233 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method is presented for the determination of control temperatures to be applied to the surface of a steel ingot to induce a predetermined temperature distribution within the ingot. The one-dimensional case of an infinite plate is considered and the problem converted to one of static optimization which is then solved using a partial quadratic interpolation technique.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 251-269 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method for the solution of the two dimensional Shockley-Poisson equation is presented and applied to the analysis of MOS devices. This SOR-Newton method is compared to Gummel's algorithm in two dimensions and shown to be more easily implemented. Application of the resulting code to interelectrode effects in charge coupled devices is given as an example.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 271-286 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element method is employed for the calculation in Cartesian co-ordinates of uniform flow on a rectangular region which encounters an embedded oblique shock with known turning angle. A modified form of the code so developed is used to obtain preliminary results concerning finite element performance in the calculation of viscous recirculating flow with embedded weak shocks.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 290-291 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 296-306 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple and accurate four-node quadrilateral plate-bending element based on stress assumptions is presented. Initial theremal strains and transverse shear stresses are included. The derivation is straightforward and without gimmicks and no numerical integration is necessary. The element behaves well for a wide range of aspect ratios with excellent convergence characteristics. The element is now being used in a practical warped configuration and with anisotropic material properties in the Lockheed-California Company NASTRAN system.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 18
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 312-312 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 307-311 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 313-313 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 313-314 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 315-315 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. i 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 337-357 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The use of contacting components such as gear teeth in mesh and shrink-fitted shafts is very common in engineering practice. This paper deals with the development of a theoretical method which gives a solution for non-linear contact problems with irreversibility resulting from stick-slip phenomenon.The method is based on the finite element method and load incremental theory. The geometrical and the statical boundary conditions on contact surfaces are treated as additional conditions being independent of stiffness equations. As a result, the algorithm of calculation is simplified and only a part of the simultaneous equations related to the contact surfaces is required to be solved instead of the overall stiffness equations at each step. Furthermore, the magnitude of load causing a change in a contact condition of one contact nodepair is taken as a load increment, in analogy with the incremental iterative procedure for elastic-plastic problems. Therefore, the method provides a general and efficient method for analysis and design of such problems.As illustrative examples, the stick-slip behaviour of turbo-alternator end-bells and other problems are discussed. The calculated results show a reasonable agreement with experimental data and other solutions.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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  • 26
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1805-1812 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Algorithms are described for checking the topological consistency of two- or three-dimensional meshes. Two-dimensional meshes may include mixtures of triangles, quadrilaterals and other polygons with optional edge or centre nodes; three-dimensional meshes may include mixtures of cuboids and tetrahedra with optional edge; sie or internal nodes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 27
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 81-102 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper considers the finite element analysis of the free, undamped and the forced damped vibrations of rotationally periodic structures. Associated with every natural frequency (except for those for which the deflection is the same at corresponding points on every substructure) there are a pair of orthogonal mode shapes, with eigenvectors {u} and {ü}. The complex vector {z}={u}+i{ü} is also an eigenvector of the equations of motion, and represents a rotating normal mode. The deflection of one substructure has the same amplitude as, and a constant phase difference from the deflection of the preceding substructure. It is therefore possible to analysse the complete structure by considering only one substructure, and applying appropriate complex constraints at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to and applying appropriate complex constrainsts at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to impose this phase difference. The method has been implemented in a computer program and is illustrated by analyses of an alternator end winding, a cooling tower with legs, and a wheel of turbine blades.For forced vibration, it is shown that any arbitrary oscillatory force can be decomposed into a series of rotating forces. For any one of these rotating components, there is a fixed relationship between the amplitude and phase of the force acting on one substructure, and that acting on an adjoining substructure. This relationship, which does not involve any approximation, can be used to enable a series of calculations of the response of one substructure to be performed instead of one on the whole structure. A series of calculations on an individual substructure normally requires much less computer time and storage than a single calculation on the complete structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 115-124 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Load-free notch surfaces of bodies made of a linear-elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material are optimized within given variation domains by means of an interation procedure so that the occurring maximum tangéntial stress is reduced to a minimum. The hypothesis of a constant tangential stress distribution for obtaining minimal notch stresses proposed by R. V. Baud has been confirmed by means of the Fade-away Law of the notch stress theory. The finite element method is applied for calculating the displacement and stress field of the styructure. An increment procedure is used for determing the displacement field after every iteration step, which permits the calculation of the displacement quantities with sufficient accuracy in a single step. Numerical solutions and their comparison with analytical solutions and stress results obtained with the aid of photo-elasticity confirm the usefulness of this procedure. The known optimization methods1,2 differ from those used in the present paper.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 317-336 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a novel integral-equation technique for solving the steady-state wave-resistance problem. The free-surface condition is linearized, but the body condition is satisfied exactly. An integral relation describing the flow inside an arbitrarily truncated internal region is first obtained by applying Green's Theorem, using only the simple source function for an infinite fluid. The internal flow is next matched with eigen expansions in the upstream and downstream outer regions. The radiation condition can be satisfied exactly simply by a proper choice of the solution form in these outer regions. The method is applied to investigate flows about both lifting and non-lifting two-dimensional bodies. Agreement with existing results is excellent. The present formulation provides a simple yet rational basis for tackling the practical three-dimensional ship-wave problem, in which past workers have encountered considerable difficulties using a complicated free-surface Green function.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 30
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 379-408 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we present an algorithm for adaptively computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations using restricted range uniform approximations on a finite point set. We also present several numerical examples and offer suggestions for the effective use of this algorithm. We have found the algorithm to be effective for approximating a wide class of functions, either with or without significant levels of noise. Furthermore, since the user of this algorithm actually defines tolerance bands within which the approximation will lie, the algorithm allows the user a great deal of flexibility and control over the shape of the resulting approximations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 31
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 359-378 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two alternative numerical methods are presented, based on the assumed-stress hybrid finite element model and the initial-stress approach, for the elastic-plastic small-deflection analysis of structures under static loading. The use of the initial-stress approach results in a set of simultaneous linear algebraic incremental equations to be solved at each loading step, with the elastic stiffness matrix remaining unchanged throughout the loading process and the effects of plasticity included as equivalent element loads. The derivation of these alternative methods differs in the assigning of the incremental stress which satisfies equilibrium; in one case it is the actual stress increment while in the other it is a fictitious stress increment. An equilibrium imbalance correction is included in each of these methods to prevent drifting of the solution during the incremental process. Example solutions are presented which demonstrate the accuracy of the two methods and permit comparisons of the relative efficiencies of the two methods.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 32
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 409-421 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Families of two-and three-dimensional finite elements are constructed for use in modelling fields with singular derivatives. The elements are complete over linear fields, conform with regular elements, and are easily programmed. A low order exact quadrature rule is also derived for element stiffness calculations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 33
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 423-440 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper summarizes the formulation of a set of computer algorithms for the solution of the three-dimensional non-linear Poisson field problem. Results are presented that were obtained by applying algorithms to the analysis of two-dimensional magnetostatic fields. Scalar and vector potentials were used, and it is shown that the convenient single valued scalar potential associated with the induced sources gives severe accuracy problems in permeable regions. The results become as good as those obtained using vector potential if the scalar potential associated with the total field is used for permeable regions. The combination of two scalar potentials has a significant advantage for three-dimensional problems.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 34
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 451-458 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general non-linear interpolation procedure for contouring on any isoparametric surface was presented in a previous article. The method used standard isoparametric interpolation functions and a predictor method for tracing element contour lines. The method presented here extends the previous work by using a predictor-corrector method to trace element contour lines, thereby making the contouring algorithm more accurate.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 35
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 36
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 507-513 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 37
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 499-505 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The method for the evaluation of the thermal loads used in the incremental finite element analysis of elasto-plastic stress is presented. The stress distributions obtained by two apparently possible methods for evaluation of the thermal loads are compared.
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  • 38
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 475-497 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an isoparametric finite element formulation for the torsion and the flexure due to end shears for the beam cross-sections of arbitrary shape. Isoparametric line elements are developed using this formulation for the beam cross-sections consisting of very thin wall open or close multicells. Isoparametric transition elements are also developed for the beam cross-sections consisting of both thin wall sections and solid like sections. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the applications of such elements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 39
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 630-630 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 624-628 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A stationary variational formulation of the necessary conditions for optimality is derived for an optimal control problem governed by a parabolic equation and mixed boundary conditions. Then a mixed finite element model with elements in space and time is utilized to solve a simple numerical example whose analytical and finite difference solutions are given elsewhere. Numerical results show that the proposed method with C° continuity elements constitutes a powerful numerical technique for solution of optimal control problems of distributed parameter systems.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 631-632 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 632-632 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 647-664 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A new energy based finite difference analytical technique is introduced. The method incorporates certain energy concepts and the ability to use arbitrary, irregular meshes within the framework of the Finite Difference Method. This formulation reduces any governing partial differential equations to a set of difference equations containing partial derivatives up to and including the second order. Further, certain strong similarities with the popular Finite Element Method are shown and the ability to solve problems with irregular boundaries is discussed. To demonstrate the Finite Difference Energy Method several plate bending problems are solved.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 665-679 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A study of the application of the Finite Element Method to compressible potential flows, typified by the airfoil problem, is undertaken. Some novel approaches, believed to simplify solution techniques, are presented.The solutions use two pseudo-variational integrals, appropriate to subsonic flows, and possessing a physical iterative basis. With constant-derivatives triangular elements formulated for cylindrical co-ordinates, accurate solutions are easily obtained for the flow over a circular cylinder. For arbitrary airfoils a simple mapping is used to transform them into near circles. An appropriate mesh is then constructed in the mapped plane. The paper then presents two solution approaches by which this non-linear problem is solved in both the near circle plane and the airfoil plane.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 681-701 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A potentially powerful numerical method for solving certain boundary value problems is developed. The method combines the simplicity of orthogonal collocation with the versatility of deformable finite elements. Bicubic Hermite elements with four degrees-of-freedom per node are used. A subparametric transformation permits the precise positioning of the collocation points for maximum accuracy as well as a unique representation of irregular boundaries. It is shown that by taking advantage of the boundary conditions, a minimum number of collocation points can be used.The method is particularly suitable for potential and mass transport problems where a C1 continuous solution is required. In contrast to the Galerkin approach, it does not require the evaluation of basis function products and numerical integration, also the coefficient matrix contains only about half as many non-zero terms as the corresponding Galerkin coefficient matrix. This results in approximately a 90 per cent reduction in formulation and a 50 per cent reduction in solution operation, as compared with the Galerkin finite element method, for this type of problem. Examples show that the accuracy of the collocation solution is as good as or better than that of the Galerkin solution.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 703-725 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A general matrix formulation and mathematical programming techniques are used for the analysis of arch bridge structures in the inelastic range. Discretization of the structural model and of the constitutive laws of the material enables the solution of a number of engineering problems by a unified computer program. The capability of the method includes and limit load and deformation analysis, historical load-deformation analysis and shakedown load analysis. All these problmes but the last one are covered in the paper and are illustrated in the example of an actual reinforced concrete arch bridge with a stiffening girder.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 786-786 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 787-790 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 785-786 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. i 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. ii 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 791-812 
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    Notes: The essence of the proposed curvilinear finite difference solution method is the direct solution of the transformed fourth order partial differentiall equation using the finite difference expressions based on the flexible structure so that the geometry generality of the finite element method can be approached. The examples of applications indicte that the curvilinear mesh can be used and the boundary condition on the curved boundary can be easily and accurately prescribed.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 813-836 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An interactive computer graphics system has been developed for generating the geometric description of an arbitrary shell surfface. The various difficulties facing the user of sophisticated, doubly-curved shell finite elements and the inefficiency of preprocessing for shell analysis are discussed to explain the benefits of this system. The method is a synthesis of spline theory and algorithms, and an interactive means for man-machine communication. The basic technique employed is a modified lofting method in which cardinal splines. An inversion procedure is incorporated which increases significantly the efficiency of the B-spline approximation process. Static and dynamic graphic displays greatly enhance visualization at any stage of the procedure. Two examples of practical interest are presented in some detail to demonstratge the flexibility and usefulness of this approach. Some natural extensions of this system for interactive mesh generation on the surface are also demonstrated.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 837-853 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Three widely-used nodal resequencing algorithms were tested and compared for their ability to reduce matrix profile and root-mean-square (rms) wavefront, the latter being the most critical parameter in determining matrix decomposition time in the NASTRAN finite element computer program. The three algorithms are Cuthill-McKee (CM), Gibbs-Poole-Stockmeyer (GPS), and Levy. Results are presented for a diversified collection of 30 test problems ranging in size from 59 to 2680 nodes. It is concluded that GPS is exceptionally fast, and, for the conditions under which the test was made, the algorithm best able to reduce profile and rms wavefront consistently well. An extensive bibliography of resequencing algorithms is included.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 855-870 
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    Notes: A simple computer method is presented for analysing statically indeterminate beams having sectionally constant EI values and loads consisting of any number of arbitrarily placed concentrated forces and couples as well as any number of uniform and ramp loads. Unknown reactions are treated as parameters which are determined by simulataneous imposition of end conditions and interior constraints. Support locations are specified independently of any discontinuites of load or cross-section. A computer program implementing this method is described which has very concise data input considerably shorter than tupically required in programs based on the stiffness method.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 871-903 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: In References 1 and 2, algorithms were introduced for adaptively computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations using uniform, least-squars (l2) and restricted-range uniform approximations. This present paper introduces a FORTRAN program for computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations to data and/or precise mathematical functions (in discrete form) which allows the user the option of using best l1 of best l2 approximations. (The l2 option of this newly developed l1-l2 adaptive curve-fitting package supersedes the code listed in Reference 1 for the old least-squares program.) In this paper, adaptive curve-fitting algorithm used in this l1-l2 package is described in detail, the FORTRAN program is the given (in the Appendix) and discussed, the numerical results are presented in an effort to illustrate how the l1 and l2 versions of this algorithm may be used most effectively.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 905-911 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A numerical experiment has been conducted to check theeffectiveness and reliablity of the orthnormalization process tosolve two-point boundary value problems. This process in usedalong with the method of superposition in the linear case andwith the quasilinearization and then the method of superpositionin the non-linear case.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 921-931 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Truncation errors introduced by operator splittingtechniques, such as the ADI scheme, are discussed in the contextof the two-dimensional shallow-water equations. Numericalexamples of flow along a uniform channel, with and withoutfriction, illustrate the practical significance of these errors when the boundary is not aligned with the computational gridaxes. With irregular boundaries the maximum time step aceptable ismore severely restricted than has been realized hitherto. The problem, which is shown to stem from the treatment of the boundary conditons, is inherent in any splitting scheme and is difficult to circumvent.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 913-920 
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    Notes: Long thin test specimens of orthotropic material are modelledby quadratic isoparametric finite elements in plane strain. Displacement oscillations occur down the long free edge of themodel with both reduced (2 × 2) and full (3 × 3) integration, themagnitude of the oscillations being affected by element aspectratio and the elastic constants of the material. The rate ofdiffusion of stress as predicted by the classical shear-lag theory, being dependent on the material constants, is reflectedin the displacement oscillations near the load in 3 × 3integration. In 2 × 2 integration, however, this effect is swampedby the build-up of oscillations away from the restraints in alowenergy deformation mode which becomes dominant as the elementaspect ration is increased. These latter voscillations arepredicted by the illconditioning of the structural stiffnessmatrix measured by a solution diagonal decay factor.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 937-941 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 933-936 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1090-1094 
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    Notes: For the two-dimensional isoparametric 8-node element an additive condition is formulated, so that the function describing the domain boundary is continually differentiable at the common nodes on the boundary. This condition will be satisfied by moving the mid-side nodes into a special position. The advantage in using this modified element will be shown by an example of the elasto-plastic calculation of a double-edge notched specimen.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1095-1099 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A mathematical description of the numerical approximation to incompressibility with nearly incompressible displacement finite elements is presented. By the way of functional analysis, it leads to a condition of convergence to the incompressible problem when v is increased up to 0.5, which can be identified with Fried's K1 criterion.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1813-1850 
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    Notes: The computational aspects are examined for the numerical analysis of inelastic structures and continua. In this context, the tracing of quasistatic and dynamic motions is considered with particular emphasis on the interaction of nonlinear and transient problems.In the first part, explicit and implicit solution schemes are developed for the numerical integration of inelastic first-order rte processes governing creep, viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity. In the second part, the exposition is extended to second-order inertial problems and in particular to the field of dynamic plasticity, devoting special attention to the kinematics of finite deformation problems.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1874-1875 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1-9 
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    Notes: A finite element model is presented for the analysis of the thermal stress development in a body with temperature dependent material properties. The thermal model allows a change of phase to occur within the body and an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive relationship is used for the stress analysis. An example is given of the applicability of the technique to the analysis of continuous casting in metals.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 287-289 
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    Notes: A simple quadrature rule that precisely integrates products of singular √r and quadratic shape function gradients for a two-dimensional six node triangle and a three-dimensional fifteen node prism is derived.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 292-295 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 515-529 
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    Notes: A new element stiffness matrix is derived for straight cable elements subjected to tension and torsion. The cross-section of a cable, which may consist of many different structural components, is treated in the following as a single composite element. The derivation is quite general; consequently, the results can be used for a broad category of cable configurations. Individual helical armourning wires, for instance, may have unique geometric and material properties. In addition, no limit is placed on the number of wire layers. Furthermore, compressibility of the central core element can also be considered. The equations of equilibrium are first derived to include ‘internal’ geometric non-linearties produced by large deformations (axial elongation and rotatioin) of a straight cable element. These equations are then linearized in a consistent manner to give a liner stiffness matrix. Linear elasticity is assumed throughout. Excellent agreement with experimental results for two different cables validates the correctness of the analysis.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 531-544 
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    Notes: A high precision triangular thick orthotropic plate bending element on an elastic foundation is developed for the free vibration analysis of thick plates on elastic foundation. The element has three nodes with twelve degrees-of-freedom per node, and takes into account the shear deformation and rotatory inertia. The accuracy of the element is established by comparison of the natural frequencies of certain thick and thin plates, determined from a consistent mass matrix formulation, with available results.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 617-620 
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    Notes: The stability analysis of the hyperbolic and parabolic explicit difference schemes presented in our previous paper 1 is improved on. Analysis of the Fourier components gives rise to stability limits that are very near the actual numerical stability limits.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 629-630 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 741-755 
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    Notes: The finite element method is used for the computation of the variational modes of the system composed of an elastic tank partially filled with a compressible liquied. We propose, on the one hand, a direct approcach based on a three field mixed variational formulation, and, on the other hand, a variational modal interaction scheme allowing the use of the acoustic eigenmodes of the liquid in a rigid motionless enclosure and the hydroelastic modes of the enclosure. Numerical results show the advantage of the second procedure.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 727-740 
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    Notes: This paper deals with the finite element calculation of the stress intensity faactors for plane extension and plate bending problems. On the basis of the plate theory including the effect of transverse shear deformation, the influences of plate thickness, crack length and plate width on the stress intensity faotors are investigated. The numeriacal analyses are carried out using the superposition method of analytical and finite element solutions. It is found that the present stress intensity factors calculated for cracked plates under plane extension as well as bending compare favorably with the analytical ones.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 769-773 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 757-767 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to show that a mathematical programming method, due to Maier and his co-workers, of nonlinear structural analysis can be rerformulated so that greater computational efficiences are achived. The methods are designed for a class of elastic-plastic structures under ‘piecewise linear’ assumptions and solve among others the problem of determining the stresses and strains in the structure. The reformulation gives rise to a class of mathematical programming problems calles a ‘n by dn linear complementarity problem’, for which the author has developed an efficient algorithm. It will be explained why and by how much the proposed method (the reformulation and its solution by the author's algorithm) solves the structural problems more efficiently than the existing one. Results of a systematic computer experiment supporting the efficiency of the proposed method are also presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 79
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 780-784 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 80
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 774-779 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The choice of strain-displacement relations to fomulate curved finite elements for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of deep thin shells of general shape is discussed. It is clearly demonstrated on a simple arch problem how the strain-displacement relations can affect the buckling pressure and it is concuded that inconsistent expressions should be avoided.
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  • 81
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 946-948 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 82
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 942-945 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 83
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 84
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 949-959 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A modification of the collocation method for the numerical solution of Cauchy-type singular integral equations appearing in plane elasticity and, especially, crack problems is proposed. This modification, based on a variable transformation, applies to the case when the unknown function of the singular integral equation behaves like A(x - c)α + B(x - c)β, where α 〈 0, 0 〈 β - α 〈 1, near an endpoint c of the integration interval. In plane elasticity such a point is either a crack tip or a corner point of the boundary of the elastic medium. Thus the method seems to be quite efficient for the numerical evaluation of generalized stress intensity factors near such points. A successful application of the method to the classical plane elasticity problem of an antiplane shear crack terminating at a bimaterial interface was also made.
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  • 85
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 961-986 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An updated Lagrangian and a total Lagrangian formulation of a three-dimensional beam element are presented for large displacement and large rotation analysis. It is shown that the two formulations yield identical element stiffness matrices and nodal point force vectors, and that the updated Lagragian formulation is computationally more effective. This formulation has been implemented and the resulted of some sample analyses are given.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 86
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 987-1000 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new numerical method of calculating unsteady-state heat conduction and thermal stresses by using improved coefficient matrix patterns on the nodal points of a structure is given. Good agreement is obtained between our results and the rigorous results, and this method seems to yield better accuracy than other well-known approximate methods for two-dimensional transient thermal stress problems.
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  • 87
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1001-1019 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the biharmonic operator is solved as the variational formulation of two coupled second-order equations. The discretization by a mixed finite element model results in a set of linear equations whose coefficient matrix is sparse, symmetric but indefinite. We describe a class of preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for the numerical solution of this linear system. The precondition matrices correspond to incomplete factorizations of the coefficient matrix. The numerical results show a low computational complexity in both number of computer operations and demand of storage.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 88
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1021-1035 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Methods for comparing the accuracy of numerical methods for the solution of parabolic partial differential equations are briefly surveyed. Criteria for a more systematic comparison are proposed and applied to an accuracy comparison of the classical and the modified Saul'yev methods and the Crank-Nicholson method on a simple linear problem. The results obtained, which include observation of the existence of optimal spatial mesh size for the two Saul'yev methods, are discussed.
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  • 89
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1051-1061 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The application of finite element methods to parabolic partial differential equations leads to large linear systems of first-order ordinary differential equations. Very often these systems are stiff and difficulties arise in their numerical solution. We attempt to analyse the problem of how to select numerical methods for the solution of such linear systems.
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  • 90
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1037-1050 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The nonlinear impact of a vehicle against a deformable barrier and its subsequent rebound from that barrier are simulated. A one-dimensional elastoplastic model represents the vehicle as a series of rod finite elements and the barrier as a single mass, nonlinear spring. The solution procedure utilizes variable time step integration, contains an error control and eliminates numerical instabilities. A limited study assesses the influence of system parameters on both structure and occupants. The chief objective, however, is to establish the feasibility of the proposed treatment of this class of problems. Some results obtained appear, at first, to contradict intuition. It is observed that modelling a deformable barrier as rigid can lead to unconservative results with respect to structural response of the vehicle.
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  • 91
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1063-1072 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Similar and similarly oriented CST elements have the same stiffness matrix, and therefore similar shapes generated by the assembly of such elements possess the same stiffness matrix. This property and the matrix condensation technique may be judiciously combined to simplify the study of large structures, which may otherwise incur large core requirements and time and involve the solution of a great number of equations. In this paper the idea is developed to indicate its full potential. In illustration, results from examples on the determination of stresses around a small hole in a large plate are presented.
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  • 92
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1073-1078 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A technique for smoothing the transition between structural components modelled with dissimilar finite element meshes is presented. The interface mismatch is assigned a potential of dislocation, which is minimized with respect to selected kinematic parametes of the mating surface. This leads to linear constraints between the caididate representations of the mating surface which essentially dictate a least-square error in dislocaiton. The constraints are enforced by the Lagrange multiplier or reduced stiffness technique. Numerical results indicate gradual transition in the predicted stresses neighbouring the interface. Existing computer codes which permit multipoint constraint specifications are readily available to implement the technique.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 93
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1085-1089 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper the order of certain two-dimensional quadrature formulae is discussed and it is shown that their degree and order are not related in the same simple way as they are for one-dimensional rules.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 94
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1079-1084 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The decomposition of a block tridiagonal matrix into the product of block lowe and upper matrices is described. The cost of solving a block tridiagonal system of equations is given and compared to profile gaussian elimination. The desirability of a less expensive method is coupled to physical intuition about a common problem of solving a slowly varying sequence of such systems to motivate an iterative method based on residual correction. The method is described and convergence criteria are derived. An expression of the cost is developed and is shown to compare favourably with decomposition in many cases. Problems and advantages in computer implementation of the method are discussed and results of tests of a particular implementation on a well-known problem are given.
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  • 95
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1100-1104 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This communication presents a simple algorithm to compute the stiffness matrix for a triangular plate bending element, without numerical integration. This brings about a substantial saving in computer time.
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  • 96
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1105-1105 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 97
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 98
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1107-1126 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes an optimization procedure for the minimum weight design of complex structures. The procedure is based on a new cubic extended interior penalty function (CEIPF) used with the sequence of unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) and Newton's method. The Hessian matrix of the penalty function is approximated using only constraints and their derivatives. The CEIPF is designed to minimize the error in the approximation of the Hessian matrix, and as a result the number of structural analyses required is small and independent of the number of design variables. Three example problems are reported. The number of structural analyses is reduced by as much as 50 per cent below previously reported results.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 99
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1127-1140 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In Reference 1 a class of first-order factorization methods for the solution of large, sparse systems of equations, of which the coefficient matrix is a symmetric M-matrix, was introduced. Asymptotic results for the computational complexity was proved in the case of systems arising from finite difference approximation of second-order self-adjoint elliptic partial differential equation problems in two dimensions with Dirichlet boundary conditions. In this paper the result is extended to cover even mixed boundary conditions and problems with discontinuous material coefficients. Results from numerical experiments with various finite difference and finite element approximations are presented and comparisons with direct and other interative methods are made.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 100
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1165-1182 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a numerical procedure for the solution of metalworking problems of a strain-hardening material. The overall metalworking process is split up into a number of stages and the governing equations for a typical stage are set up in terms of incremental displacements. The incremental deformation occurring in each successive stage is found by an interative numerical procedure based on the concept of piecewise linearization. The ‘composite’ solution yields the distribution of stress and strain in the work material at various stages of the process. Finally, application of the method to finite axisymmetric compression is described.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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