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  • 2005-2009
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  • 1980-1984  (795)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the short-time staining for the electron microscopic investigation of the crystallization of polyethylene (1983)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 373-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; short-time staining ; nodular structure ; crystallization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01413947
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A second look at intraepithelial Langerhans cells in mycosis fungoides and related disorders (1983)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 402 (1983), S. 47-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Mycosis fungoides ; Premycotic lesions ; Parapsoriasis en Plaques ; Langerhans cells ; Virus-like particles ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin biopsies of patients with small and large plaque parapsoriasis, premycotic lesions and mycosis fungoides in different stages were examined. Special attention was paid to the relationships between Langerhans cells (LC) and the neighbouring keratinocytes and lymphocytes. At the contact areas of LC and keratinocytes as well as LC and lymphocytes, particular cell membrane phenomena were observed. Aggregations of Langerhans granules and fusions of granules with LC plasma membranes were found exclusively at LC-keratinocyte interfaces. At LC-lymphocyte contact zones cell membrane appositions were seen. In all cases investigated, virus-like particles were mainly ound in LC and indeterminate cells (IDC). In 3 cases lymphocytes also contained these particles. It was of particular interest that virus-like particles were observed in skin specimens of all diseases investigated. Discrimination of these particles from other cellular organelles - especially lysosomes- was difficult, however. The significance of our findings, particularly regarding to the supposed virus aetiology of cutaneous T cell lymphomas, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695048
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy chain loss after treatment with melphalan in a patient with “nonsecretory” myeloma (1983)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 46 (1983), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Multiple myeloma-Plasma cell ; Electron microscopy ; Fluorescent antibody technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of “nonsecretory” myeloma is described. The patient had typical osteolytic lesions and marked infiltration of myeloma cells in the bone marrow, and plasma cell leukemia. A good partial remission was obtained with Melphalan, but the patient relapsed and died one year later. Immunofluorescent and immunoelectroscopic studies on the myeloma cells demonstrated the presence of cytoplasmic γ-and κ-chains at the initial stage and of only κ-chains at a relapse. The electron microscopic method for polysome analysis indicated that both L-and H-chains were synthesized on membrane-bound polysomes initially, but the ability to produce H-chain was missing at the relapse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320661
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative light and electron microscopic changes in thymic reticular epithelial cells during moloney-virus-induced lymphoma development (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 106 (1983), S. 102-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Murine lymphoma development ; Virus infection ; Thymus ; Reticular epithelial cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report describes two types of reticular epithelial cell in the thymic cortex of the BALB/c mouse, an immature and a mature form. During early stages of lymphoma development, i.e., 2–6 weeks postinfection (p.i.) with Moloney leukemia virus (M-MuLV), activation of the epithelial cells is observed. Although the percentage of these cells in the total cell population of the thymic cortex remains constant during that time, the number of mature epithelial cells is significantly increased in infected animals. Subsequently, about 6 weeks p.i., the number of immature epithelial cells starts to increase, whereas the number of mature reticular epithelial cells declines and the appearance of the mature epithelial cells changes drastically. The results of light and electron microscopic studies indicate degeneration of the mature reticular epithelial cells at the onset of lymphoma development at a time when the first deficiencies in the immunologic competence of the reticular epithelial cells are apparent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395387
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biologic characterization of human bone tumors (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 106 (1983), S. 234-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Osteosarcoma ; Collagen types ; Immunofluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixteen cases of typical highly malignant osteosarcoma were investigated by light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy to demonstrate the presence of collagen types I–III. It was shown that, in light-microscopically anaplastic areas of the tumor, collagen type III predominates, while only very few membranes of collagen type I are observed. Ultrastructurally, the cells are characterized by numerous free ribosomes in their cytoplasm and only a few membranes of granular endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In osteoblastic areas, collagen type I is increased, while type-III collagen is decreased. The cytoplasm of cells contains markedly more granular ER. An increasing mineralization of matrix is observed. In fibroblastic areas of the tumors, collagen types I and III are codistributed. Tumor cells have a fibroblast appearance with elongated nuclei and well developed granular ER. The chondroblastic areas, characterized by immature neoplastic cartilage, contain varying amounts of collagen type II. Chondroblast-like tumor cells have typical ring-shaped membranes of granular ER in their cytoplasm. The evidence of different collagen types in osteosarcomas lends additional support to the concept that a pluripotent mesenchymal cell is the stem cell of osteosarcomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402614
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hemangioendothelioma of the thyroid (1983)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 400 (1983), S. 119-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thyroid neoplasms ; Hemangioendothelioma ; Electron microscopy ; Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAG) ; Tumour classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 65 cases of hemangioendothelioma (HE) of the thyroid were accepted as such after control of slides of surgical or autopsy specimen or both. In a few of the more recent cases material could be examined by electron microscope and in some the search for factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAG) was carried out. The demonstration of Weibel-Palade bodies in tumour cells in two cases and the evidence of FVIIIRAG in tumour cells of at least two cases, including primary tumour and distant metastasis, finally show, that the hemangioendothelioma of the thyroid is not simply an anaplastic carcinoma with some peculiar features; at least some of these tumours are true endotheliomas. The proposal that the term hemangioendothelioma be eliminated from the classification of thyroid tumours is therefore unfounded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585495
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma versus myxoid liposarcoma (1983)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 400 (1983), S. 187-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Liposarcoma ; Sarcoma ; Soft tissue neoplasms ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural comparison of 7 examples of myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma (myxoid MFH) with 6 of myxoid liposarcoma is described. Despite certain histological differences between the two, electron microscopy was more valuable in differentiating MFH from liposarcoma. Electron microscopically, MFH contained a variety of cell types including histiocyte-like, fibroblast-like, intermediate-type, xanthomatous, multinucleated tumor giant cells and undifferentiated cells. Liposarcoma was composed mainly of lipoblasts at various stages of differentiation with a minority of undifferentiated cells and fibroblast-like cells. In contrast to the component cells of the MFH, these lipoblasts were characterized by abundant cytoplasmic glycogen, numerous pinocytotic vesicles and a discontinuous basal lamina in addition to large lipid droplets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585500
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscopic examination of primary diffuse tracheobronchial amyloidosis (1983)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 400 (1983), S. 97-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tracheobronchial amyloidosis ; Electron microscopy ; Amyloid fibril ; Fibroblast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The author reports on the electron-microscopic examination of the diffuse tracheobronchial amyloidosis of a 51-year-old patient. The amyloid deposits were located in the lamina propria of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa. At the edge of the nodular deposits, condensation and radial arrangement of amyloid fibrils could be seen. Closely connected with the amyloid, active fibroblasts were present and their cytoplasm contained amyloid fibrils. The cell membrane of the fibroblasts was missing in part. Intracellular amyloid fibrils mingled with extracellular deposits. It can be assumed that active fibroblasts play an important role in local amyloid formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00627013
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial abnormalities in Menkes' kinky hair disease (MKHD) (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 59 (1983), S. 295-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Menkes' kinky hair disease ; Brain degeneration ; Mitochondrial abnormalities ; Distribution ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brain of an autopsy case of Menkes' kinky hair disease (MKHD), after routine histological examination, was studied extensively by electron microscopy, particularly the mitochondrial alterations. There were widespread mitochondrial abnormalities, including enlargement with tubulo-vesiculated cristae, swelling, and dense body formation and occasional accumulation of glycogen within mitochondria, in addition to increased numbers of mitochondria in some neurons. These abnormalities of mitochondria were present in decreasing severity in the following: Purkinje cells, neurons of the molecular and granule cell layers of the cerebellum, and neurons of the cerebral cortex, globus pallidus, lateral nuclei of the thalamus, caudate nucleus, and the myelinated axons in the white matter. This distribution and the degree of mitochondrial abnormalities in the various structures of the brain were compared with those of degenerative lesions in the respective structures. The comparison disclosed that there was a positive correlation between the two. The mitochondrial enlargement and swelling as in the present study had been well documented in the brain of the brindled mouse; mitochondrial dense bodies had also been reported in previous case reports of MKHD by other authors. The present study strongly suggests that the mitochondrial disease is an essential abnormality and may be responsible for the progressive degeneration of the CNS in MKHD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691496
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sural nerve biopsies from workers with a history of chronic exposure to organic solvents and from normal control cases (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1983), S. 73-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human sural nerve ; Electron microscopy ; Myelin sheath thickness ; Internodal length ; Node of Ranvier ; Organic solvents ; Glycogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural and morphometric study was performed on sural nerve biopsies of four industrial spray painters (35–59 years) and 11 controls (6–64 years). No difference could be shown in spray painters and age-matched controls as to the number of myelinated nerve fibres per area, their size distribution, variation of internodal length along single nerve fibres or the ratio between the number of myelin lamellae and the axon circumference. There was marked scattering of the two latter parameters in older exposed and control individuals. The distribution of NADH2-tetrazolium reductase activity was similar in exposed and control cases. The general ultrastructural appearance of nodal-paranodal regions in controls conformed with that noted in experimental animals. The overall ultrastructural organization and age-related changes of nerves of exposed cases were similar to those of control cases except for a presence of paranodal axonal mitochondria which contained glycogen-like particles in exposed cases. In one exposed case abundant dispersed or clustered glycogen-like particles were seen in the paranodal axoplasm. These findings are suggested to be an effect of chronic exposure to organic solvent vapours. Ageing seems, however, to have a much greater impact on the morphology of the sural nerve fibre than occupational exposure to organic solvent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684923
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural abnormalities of muscle and neuromuscular junction differentiation in a bovine congenital neuromuscular disease (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1983), S. 112-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Motor end-plates ; Abnormal differentiation of motor end-plates ; Arthrogryposis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The syndrome of arthrogryposis and palatoschisis (SAP), an inherited syndrome of muscular hypotonia in Charolais cattle, was used as an experimental model to study neuromuscular differentiation. The ultrastructural development of muscle, peripheral nerve, and neuromuscular junctions was studied to determine the sequence of events preceding hypotrophic changes in the skeletal muscles of affected calves at birth. Dorsiflexion of the metatarsophalangeal joints in the hindlimbs occurred in fetuses older than 3 months of age, but hypotrophic changes in skeletal muscle, manifested as small fibers scattered among larger and occasional degenerating fibers, was not apparent until late in gestation, affecting 8-month-old fetuses and neonatal calves. Electron microscope and enzyme histochemistry studies disclosed differentiation of skeletal muscle into fiber types which is consistent with changes expected from disuse and does not indicate a primary myopathic abnormality. Abnormal differentiation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ), composed of several separated axonal endings terminating in shallow synaptic gutters, indicated impaired maturation of the synapse. The earliest indication of abnormal NMJ was observed in a 5-month-old SAP fetus. The clinical signs and pathologic changes found in the neuromuscular junction and skeletal muscle of SAP fetuses are consistent with an embryologic defect occurring during development of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the integrated function of the motor neurons to the limbs. However, diversification of myofibers by histochemistry and ultrastructural parameters is evidence that the intrinsic physiologic properties of spinal motor neurons were retained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684927
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscopical study of a Rathke's cleft cyst (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 14-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rathke's cleft cyst ; Craniopharyngioma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The electron-microscopical appearance of a Rathke's cleft cyst is described. The cyst lining is seen to consist predominantly of secretory columnar epithelium, both ciliated and non-ciliated. There are also epidermoid cells occurring singly or in squames. The histogenesis of Rathke's cleft cysts, in relation to craniopharyngiomas, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685342
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methylmercury poisoning of the developing nervous system: Morphological changes in neuronal mitochondria (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 61 (1983), S. 116-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Methylmercury ; Mitochondria ; Cerebral cortex ; Postnatal development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neonatal rats received s.c. injections of methymercuric chloride (MeHg) in physiological saline (1.5 mg Hg/kg b.wt.) at 48-h intervals from postnatal day 2 to day 50. Littermate controls were injected with an equivalent volume of saline. All animals were perfused on day 51 and blocks of cerebral cortex were prepared for electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes in mitochondria were evident in the dendrites, axons and presynaptic terminals of cortical neurones in the MeHg-treated animals. Many mitochondria were condensed with an increased electron density of the inner matrix. Some profiles exhibited regressive alterations, including a disruption of cristae and the inner membrane with an accumulation of electron-opaque material in the matrix. Membranous whorls were found in association with the most degenerate mitochondria. A morphometric analysis of mitochondrial profiles in the neuropil of layer I revealed a 24% decrease in average profile area and a 16% increase in the number of profiles per micrograph in the MeHg-treated animals. These pathological changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure are consistent with an inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. The observed increase in the number of mitochondrial profiles may reflect a compensation by cortical neurons for the reduced efficiency of aerobic metabolism in the individual organelle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697390
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur feinstruktur intrafusaler und extrafusaler Nervenabschnitte der Rattenmuskelspindel nach Ischiadicusdurchtrennung (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 59 (1983), S. 246-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Muscle spindle ; Electron microscopy ; Terminal nerves ; Denervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intrafusal and extrafusal nerve segments in muscle spindles from tumbricalis muscles of the hind-paw of the rat were studied by electron microscopy from 10h to 5 days after severance of the sciatic nerve. In several spindles examined, nerve fascicles piercing the spindle capsule in the equatorial region contained a large myelinated, a smaller myelinated and an unmyelinated fiber. Unmyelinated fibers were not present in small fascicles leading to the polar region. The changes in the extrafusal nerve segments followed the pattern of Wallerian degeneration. Intra-axonal glycogen deposits were prominent in sensory fibers. The unmyelinated fibers were the earliest to degenerate, the large myelinated ones the latest. Differences between motor and sensory fiber degeneration emerged in their preterminal intrafusal segments and were analogous to those of the nerve endings. Terminal nerve fibers in the spindle equator succumbed to attack of mesenchymal cells, leaving extensive basement membrane reduplications around myelin debris-laden Schwann cells, while polar fibers were engulfed by Schwann cell processes, leaving regular bands of Büngner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691489
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenoleukodystrophy-cerebello-brainstem dominant case (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Adrenoleukodystrophy ; Cerebello-brainstem involvement ; Electron microscopy ; Biochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of adrenoleukodystrophy was studied morphologically and biochemically. The patient was a 28-year-old man with no family history of adrenoleukodystrophy. His neurologic symptoms were cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraplegia, pseudo-bulbar palsy, and a minimal visual disturbance, with neither adrenal nor hypogonadal symptoms. The morphological and biochemical findings in this case are identical with those in typical adrenoleukodystrophy, but the topographical distribution of the lesions is distinctly different. The changes selectively affect the white matter in the cerebellum and brain stem in contrast to minimal involvement of the occipital white matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685361
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hirano body in extraocular muscle (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hirano bodies ; Extraocular muscle ; Aging ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-three rectus superior extraocular muscles from 23 autopsy cases, all over 60 years, were examined. Eosinophilic inclusions (Hirano bodies) were observed in all the muscles; they were stained deep red by Masson's trichrome stain and were positive for protein stain. They consisted of a collection of filamentous structures of two types: (1) a regular array of filaments 100 Å in diameter which sometimes were arrayed in perpendicular planes and (2) another type in a herring bone or ladder-like pattern. Both structures were closely associated with the accumulated thin filaments 50–60 Å in diameter (actin?) in the subsarcolemma. The frequent appearance in aged muscle fibers of Hirano bodies indicates that their formation is a change closely related with aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691883
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycogen accumulations in differentiating mesonephric ducts and tubuli in male human embryos (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 168 (1983), S. 445-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Mesonephric duct ; Fetus ; Glycogen ; Human development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human mesonephric duct epithelial cells contained empty appearing regions in the infranuclear cytoplasm when prepared for transmission electron microscopy using glutaraldehyde and osmium fixation. The same regions stained positively with PAS in Epon sections for light microscopy suggesting that glycogen was present. Incubation with saliva abolished the reaction. For electron microscopy the glycogen stained very intensely if a mixture of osmium tetroxide and potassium ferrocyanide was used instead of osmium alone. Glycogen accumulations were present between the ages of 5 to 10 weeks and absent at the age of 15 weeks. Reports by others indicate that glycogen may be present in different reactive forms in relation to its staining behaviour after various fixatives. The present results, and similar studies in other tissues, indicate that osmium tetroxide-potassium ferrocyanide fixative should be used routinely for preservation of embryos and fetuses and where indicated, for ultrastructural identification of glycogen and cytoplasmic filaments in clinical specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304280
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural demonstration of Fcγ-receptors in sarcoid skin lesions (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 275 (1983), S. 156-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Sarcoidosis ; Fcγ-receptors ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immune complexes of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and rabbit IgG antibodies to HRP were used to study the Fcγ-receptors in granulomas of cutaneous sarcoidosis. Cryostat sections of skin biopsies were incubated with HRP-anti-HRP, and the peroxidase activity was demonstrated with 3,3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride and H2O2. Most cells in the granulomas, both epithelioid and giant cells, were stained. By electron microscopy, the reaction products were localized to the plasma membranes of the cells as well-defined granular deposits. No reaction product was demonstrated intra- or extracellularly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00510046
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ATPase, antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies, ultrastructural characters: which is the best marker for langerhans cells? (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 275 (1983), S. 407-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Langerhans cell ; ATPase ; Ia-like antigen ; OKT6 ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417343
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subependymal giant-cell tumor: Astrocytic or neuronal? (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Tuberous sclerosis ; Subependymal giant-cell tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tissue from seven patients with tuberous sclerosis and subependymal giant-cell tumors was examined with special stains, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Immunoreactive glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was not found in the giant cells of four tumors, but was present in some tumor cells in the other three. Immunoreactive S-100 protein was present in tumor cells of six cases; it was also seen in more tumor cells than was GFAP. Electron microscopy was similar in all cases and showed that the tumor cells had numerous organelles — many dense bodies thought to be primary lysosomes, swollen mitochondria, Golgi complexes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, and sparsely distributed intermeadiate filaments. In one case, neurosecretory granules, microvilli, and synapses were observed. In another subject, prominent, thick bundles of glial filaments were seen. These findings suggest that the tumor is made up of unique cells in addition to cells with recognizable neuronal or astrocytic features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691876
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bubbles and hematologic alterations in intracranial veins during experimental decompression sickness (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 59 (1983), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Decompression sickness ; Brain ; Gas bubbles ; Blood-bubble interface ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were exposed to 6.1 bar (abs.) air for 90 min and subsequently decompressed to the ambient pressure. After a decompression rate of 6.8 bar/min pial veins and superior sagittal sinuses were found to contain gas bubbles; no intravascular bubbles were observed subsequent to a decompression rate of 1.5 bar/min. Under the electron microscope platelet aggregates were observed at both the electron-dense layer of the blood-bubble interface and in pial veins with no bubbles. It is concluded that during decompression sickness bubbles and both activation and aggregation of platelets occur in intracranial veins. Subsequent venous congestion may contribute to the neuronal lesions and symptoms of acute decompression sickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691600
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pityriasis rubra pilaris: A clinico-pathological and therapeutic study with special reference to histochemistry, autoradiography, and electron microscopy (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 275 (1983), S. 287-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Pityriasis rubra pilaris ; Histochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five patients with pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) were analyzed by means of light and electron microscopy as well as by histochemistry and autoradiography. The results were compared with findings in psoriasis vulgaris. In PRP we found a moderate increase of the labeling index of epidermal cells, a highly increased labeling index of dermal infiltrating cells, and a mild spongiosis, and in the stratum granulosum, a decreased number of tonofilaments and an increased number of keratinosomes. The horny layer in PRP showed a pronounced histochemical and electron microscopical parakeratosis, even when histological parakeratosis was absent. In contrast with psoriasis vulgaris, there was no exocytosis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes into the epidermis, the papillomatosis index was normal, and there were no tortuous capillaries in the dermal papillae. The stratum granulosum was always present and sometimes thickened, showing electron microscopical changes different from those referred to in psoriasis. These changes point to a relatively distinct pattern of epidermal changes in PRP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417199
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two types of intracytoplasmic inclusions in the cells of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1983)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 47 (1983), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia ; Intracytoplasmic inclusions ; Mitochondria ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with cells containing two types of cytoplasmic inclusions is described. The inclusions appeared as glubular bodies containing electron dense material with homogenous structure and as crystalloid formations confined in organelles with structure similar to that of the surrounding mitochondria. In distinction to other reports, these structures were not related to the endoplasmic reticulum. The possibility that some of them represented altered mitochondria is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321046
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation for the mechanism of cadmium toxicity at cellular level (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 52 (1983), S. 99-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Toxicology ; Electron microscopy ; Endothelium ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With quantitative techniques at electron microscopical level chromatin condensation and emptying of the interchromatin space have been established in the nuclei of the endothelial cells of small uterine vessels. The nuclear and cytoplasmic changes after cadmium administration show much similarity between endothelial cells of small uterine vessels and cultured liver parenchymal cells. Cytoplasmic changes in both cell types after cadmium administration are suggestive of a disturbance in ribosomal RNA synthesis as the main cause leading to ultimate cell lysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354770
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fenofibrate and human liver (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 53 (1983), S. 151-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Fenofibrate ; Human liver ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Peroxisomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In rodents fenofibrate shares with other triglyceride-lowering agents the potential to increase the liver peroxisome population. It was therefore of interest to look for this effect in hyperlipoproteinemic patients receiving this drug. Light and electron microscopy of liver biopsies from a group of 10 patients treated with fenofibrate and from another group of 15 receiving diet only, show no morphological difference between both groups. In contrast with the rodent data the morphometric study reveals no significant changes in the number (fenofibrate group: 7.96 1010 cm−3; group receiving diet alone: 8.41 1010 peroxisomes/cm3 of liver tissue) or in the size (fenofibrate group: Diameter=0.53±0.07 μm — group receiving diet alone: 0.50±0.06) of peroxisomes. The difference between our results and those obtained consistently in rodents may be due to the relatively low dose in man and/or a species-dependant difference in enzyme content of liver peroxisomes, itself related to an apparent difference in the way in which lipids are handled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302723
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical map of the mitochondrial DNA from the phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus including the position of the ribosomal RNA genes and of an intervening sequence in the large rRNA gene (1983)
    Springer
    Current genetics 7 (1983), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Allomyces macrogynus ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Electron microscopy ; Restriction enzyme map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mitochondrial (mt) DNA of the aquatic phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus is a circular molecule with a size of 56.1 kbp. The cleavage sites for the restriction enzymes SalI and PvuI were mapped by comparing the partial denaturation patterns of isolated restriction fragments with the pattern of the intact circle. The genes coding for the small and large ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were located on the restriction map by heteroduplex and R-loop analysis. The gene coding for the large rRNA contains an intervening sequence, app. 0.7 kbp in size, near the 3′-end of the gene. The two rRNA genes are encoded on the same strand of the mtDNA and separated by a region of 17–18 kbp. This rRNA gene organization is similar to that found with members of the Ascomycetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445871
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and chronology of ischemic mucosal changes in the small intestine (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 593-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Small intestine ; Early ischemia ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology and chronology of an absolute ischemia was investigated on the small intestine of man and rat. It could be shown that the morphogenesis of ischemic damage to the intestinal mucosa in man does not differ from that in the rat. However, there are crucial and in therapeutic terms significant differences in the time course of the ischemic damage to the intestinal mucosa. Whereas in the small intestine of the rat, the first appreciable alterations — detachment and disruption of the lining epithelium at the villous tip — are already to be observed after absolute ischemia lasting 15 min, in the human small intestine the same lesions only occur after 4 h. A comparable complete necrosis of the small intestinal mucosa was detected in the rat after 7-h ischemia, and in man after 44-h ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01487337
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy of photosynthetic membranes containing bacteriochlorophyll b (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Photosynthetic membranes ; Electron microscopy ; Image processing ; Ectothiorhodospira halochloris ; Ectothiorhodospira abdelmalekii ; Rhodopseudomonas viridis ; Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis ; Thiocapsa pfennigii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The photosynthetic membranes of the five bchl b-containing bacteria Ectothiorhodospira halochloris, E. abdelmalekii, Rhodopseudomonas viridis, R. sulfoviridis and Thiocapsa pfennigii have been investigated by electron microscopy and digital image analysis. All five species have the photosynthetic complexes hexagonally arrayed in the membrane with lattice spacings close to 13 nm, except for R. sulfoviridis and T. pfennigii which display somewhat smaller (∼12.5 nm) lattice spacings. Correlation averaging which imposes less stringent requirements on the lattice perfection than conventional Fourier filtration techniques has been employed to elucidate the structure of the photosynthetic complexes. Their basic organization, i.e. a ring, probably containing the light-harvesting (LH) polypeptides, surrounding a core (the “reaction centre”) appears to be almost identical for all species under scrutiny. Despite a resolution of ∼1.6 nm, however, little further significant substructure can be deduced from the averages; possible reasons for the “blurred” appearance of the LH-ring and absence of any subdivision in the reaction centre are discussed along with strategies aimed at obtaining a more detailed model of the molecular architecture of the photosynthetic membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414474
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phototaxis in the gliding flagellate, Euglena mutabilis (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 135 (1983), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Euglena mutabilis ; Flagellate ; Photomovement ; Photoreceptor ; Phototaxis ; Single-cell analysis ; Videomicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Due to the lack of an emergent flagellum the green flagellate Euglena mutabilis is restricted to gliding motility. During forward movement, the organisms orient positive phototactically in the presence of a suitable light stimulus. The cell contains both a stigma and a paraflagellar body which differ in shape and size from the organelles found in E. gracilis. The degree of orientation in white light follows an optimum curve with a maximum at about 100 lx. The spectral sensitivity shows a number of prominent peaks in the blue and green regions and extends well into the red region of the visible spectrum. Since the cell does not rotate during locomotion a periodic shading mechanism cannot account for phototactic orientation. Thus, phototaxis in the related species, E. gracilis and E. mutabilis differ in their photoreceptor molecules, their sensory transduction chains and their strategies of light direction detection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419477
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the ultrastructure of the gastric “borderline lesion” (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 105 (1983), S. 285-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Borderline lesion ; Severe dysplasia ; Gastric precancerosis ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometric analysis ; Bleb formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The “borderline lesion” of the stomach (severe dysplasia of the protruded type) is nowadays considered to be a true precancerous lesion. Histologically, this lesion is characterized by a proliferation in the area of the glandular neck, combined with severe cellular atypia. Investigation by means of transmission electron microscopy reveals the structure of these cells to be very similar to the structure of cells of an intestinal-cell-type carcinoma of the stomach. In addition to signs for a loss of differentiation of the cells, such as the absence of rough-surfaced endoplasmatic reticulum, mucin granules, and of the polarity of the cells, remarkably frequently luminal bulges and “blebs” developed to various extents can be detected. Morphometric analysis is delineating the tendency of structural features of the borderline lesion to develop toward the gastric cancer cell. These irregularities might be expressions of the beginning of expansive growth and signs pointing to differentiation into malignant neoplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395760
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine-structural evidence for vascular injury in patients with interstitial cystitis (1983)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 398 (1983), S. 347-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cystitis ; Electron microscopy ; Vasculitis ; Elastic tissue ; Autoimmune diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bladder vessel walls of 20 patients with interstitial cystitis were studied by the electron microscope. 14 (70%) had severe endothelial injury. 10 (50%) showed injured smooth muscle cells. Odd basement membrane proliferations and disruptions were seen. Clusters of microfibrils about 10 nm in diameter and numerous partially membrane-bound vesicles of 100–600 nm with granular or tiny vesicular content (“granulovesicular bodies”) were also seen. Intercellular junctions of endothelial cells were open and there was emigration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and platelets. The findings show pronounced vascular injury to have taken place, with neoformation of elastic tissue. It is suggested that the injury is immunologically mediated and that particularly those clusters of connective tissue microfibrils not yet covered by an amorphous elastin component may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583590
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clear-cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses (1983)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 401 (1983), S. 109-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Clear-cell sarcoma ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neural crest ; S-100 protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A clinico-pathological, light microscopic and immunohistochemical study of 15 clear-cell sarcomas, with an ultrastructural analysis of 6 of the tumors, is presented. The tumors showed a strong predilection for tendons and aponeuroses of the extremities in predominantly young and middle-aged people. The clinical setting, course and light microscopic appearance agree well with the original description by Enzinger (1965). Nine of the 15 patients developed metastases, most of them including lymph nodes, and 8 of the patients had died at the time of follow-up (median follow-up time 4.8 years). Reducing pigment was demonstrated within the cells of 2 tumors. Ultrastructurally the 6 tumors studied had a uniform appearance with characteristically rounded or oval tumor cells with a single nucleus containing one or two very prominent nucleoli, a light-staining cytoplasm with a moderate amount of organelles and a variable content of glycogen. Polymorphic melanosomes were seen in the cells of one of the tumors. External laminas enclosed groups of tumor cells and invested parts of individual tumor cells. With immunoperoxidase analysis for S-100 protein positive staining was observed in the vast majority of the tumor cells of all 15 clear-cell sarcomas. Metastases appearing in 9 of the 15 cases showed positive staining for S-100 protein. There was a strong staining of the cytoplasm and generally a weak and varying staining of nuclei. The immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings indicate that clear-cell sarcoma is a homogenous entity among soft tissue sarcomas, of probable neural crest derivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644794
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the granule population in neutrophil granulocytes from human bone marrow (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 469-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone marrow (human) ; Neutrophil granulocyte ; Granules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bone marrow from hematologically healthy adults was exposed to a number of fixation procedures for investigation of the heterogeneity of the granule population in neutrophil granulocytes at the ultrastructural level. Four main cell stages were distinguished: early promyelocyte, late promyelocyte, myelocyte, and mature neutrophil granulocyte and described separately; metamyelocytes and band-form or stab cells are described together. The characteristic changes in the cytoplasm during myelopoiesis were analysed quantitatively. Special attention was given to the development of the granule population. Three types of granule arise in successive cell stages: granules which develop a sub-structure in the matrix (nucleated granules) are formed in early promyelocytes, granules with a homogeneous electron-dense matrix (azurophil granules) in late promyelocytes, and granules with a less electron-dense matrix (specific granules) in myelocytes. The three types of granule remain present during myelopoiesis. The best results in distinguishing the granule types were obtained by prefixation either in 0.1% glutaraldehyde or in 1.5% glutaraldehyde followed by washing in phosphate-buffered Ringer solution to which aminotriazole had been added. Granule counts revealed for the mature neutrophil a total number of granules of about 220 per ultrathin section. This population of granules is composed of about 12% nucleated, 11% azurophil, and 77% specific granules. When our previous findings are taken into account, the existence of three successively formed and morphologically distinguishable types of granule in heterophil (neutrophil) granulocytes has been demonstrated for three mammalian species: the guinea pig, the rat, and man. A separate term for the early promyelocyte stage is proposed: eomyelocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218646
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-related changes in electron-dense material in photoreceptor synaptic clefts of the frog, Rana catesbeiana (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 579-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rods ; Cones ; Retina ; Bullfrog ; Synapse ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lumps of electron-dense material were observed in synaptic clefts associated with all types of photoreceptors, in the vicinity of the synaptic ribbons, in the retinae of dark-adapted frogs. Frogs were reared under a cyclic illumination (light on at 8:00; light off at 20:00) and then exposed to one of two courses of dark adaptation: one started from 11:00 in the morning, and the other started from 20:00 in the evening. The synaptic clefts of red rods became wider at some places where spherical or polygonal lumps of dense material were accumulated. The frequency and sectional area of the lumps increased faster for the first hour in the regime starting from 20:00 than in the regime starting from 11:00, then they reached the similar saturation levels of about 0.6 (per ribbon) and 1.6 to 1.8×104 (nm2) in both the regimes. In greenrod synapses, plate-shaped lumps of dense material were present in synaptic clefts and interspaces between the processes of second-order neurons. In cone synapses at the end of about 1 h darkness, the frequency and area of the lumps reached maximum values of about 0.12 (per ribbon) and 9×103 (nm2) in the regime starting from 11:00 and, about 0.08 (per ribbon) and 4 × 103 (nm2) in the regime starting from 20:00. On exposure to light, the dense material abruptly disappeared from all types of photoreceptor synaptic clefts. Large dense-core vesicles, occasionally observed in light-adapted rod photoreceptor terminals, seem to participate in exocytosis of the dense material. The number of dense-core vesicles per synaptic ribbon in a terminal was about 0.55 at the end of 3 h light in the morning and about 1.28 at the end of 12 h light in the evening. The increased number of dense-core vesicles during the daytime may contribute to the faster accumulation of dense material in the synaptic clefts. Although the chemical identification or the functional significance of the electron-dense material remains unknown, it is interesting that this material showed a rise and fall in response to darkness and illumination. Also the fact that this material is clearly visible will be helpful for future analysis of frog photoreceptor synapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218653
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double membrane-bounded intestinal microvilli in Oncopeltus fasciatus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 593-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peritrophic membrane ; Insect ; Microvilli ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A double plasma membrane (DPM) surrounding intestinal microvilli of the migratory milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, is described. Mutant and wild types of the phytophagous insect have been studied by conventional SEM and TEM procedures with the use of membrane-enhancing staining methods. Longitudinal and transverse sections revealed a DPM surrounding microvilli and continuing over the apical portions of the intestinal cell. The outer membrane of the DPM contributes to an intestinal lining or peritrophic membrane (PTM), which apparently accumulates in layers. SEM studies reveal a rugose intestinal surface and complete PTM in both starved and fed insects. Only rarely are exposed microvilli seen by SEM. SEM examinations also enable the observation of numerous blebs on the luminal side of the PTM apparently held in position by a neck-like attachment and apparently derived from the outer membrane of the DPM. Preliminary TEM studies of microvilli revealed unique microvesicle-like structures, lying just inside the inner membrane of the DPM, which may be of membrane origin based on their typical trilaminar appearance after en bloc staining with uranyl acetate. Highly ordered microfilaments were observed to occupy the most central aspect of the microvilli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216431
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characteristics of vasopressin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vasopressin-containing neurons, identified by immunocytochemistry, are located predominantly in the posterior magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. By electron microscopy, the immunoreaction product is seen within the cell bodies and neuronal processes. In the perikarya and dendritic processes, the immunoreactive material is associated primarily with neurosecretory granules. Axonal processes, identified by their content of microtubules and accumulation of neurosecretory granules, show the immunoreaction product in association with both of these organelles. Afferent axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and putative axo-axonic synapses with immunostained vasopressinergic neurons can be identified. The presynaptic profiles do not contain immunoreactive material. This study contributes to the ultrastructural characterization of vasopressinergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and of their afferent synaptic input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217406
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laminated figures of the intercisternal regions of dictyosome-like structures from guinea-pig spermatocytes fixed with glutaraldehyde-tannic acid (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 633-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Dictyosome-like structures ; Golgi apparatus ; Phosphatidylcholine ; Laminated figures ; Electron microscopy ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dictyosome-like structures (DLS) of guinea pig spermatocytes, when prefixed in mixtures of glutaraldehyde and tannic acid, exhibited laminated figures with a repeating periodicity of about 4.5 nm in the spaces between DLS saccules or in association with the surfaces of the DLS saccules. These laminated figures were similar to those figures derived from saturated lipids in other tissues. Alternatively, spaces between saccules were collapsed leaving only thin, electron-dense material separating adjacent saccules. These changes were not observed when the DLS were prefixed in glutaraldehyde before exposure to tannic acid. The presence of laminated figures following fixation with tannic acid and osmium tetroxide suggests that saturated lipids are present in, or associated with, the intersaccular regions of the DLS. The distribution of laminated figures in other membrane structures was not affected by post fixation with tannic acid nor were laminated figures comparable to those of the DLS observed between cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. These results support previous conclusions that DLS are distinct from Golgi apparatus and are a unique component of the germ cell cytoplasm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218656
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on the food vacuole cycle of a heliozoon (Feeding byActinophrys, III) (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 115 (1983), S. 43-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Digestion ; Membrane flow ; Electron microscopy ; Sarcodina ; Actinophrys sol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The digestion of food in the heliozoonActinophrys sol is characterized by several distinct membrane events. Initially, extrusomes expand and fuse with each other and with the plasma membrane providing the membrane for the nascent food vacuole. During this process a—presumably lytic—material is secreted. After complete forming of the food vacuole a second type of vesicles fuses with it, whereupon usually lysis of the prey occurs. After denaturation and coagulation of the food, fluid is removed from the food vacuole. This process is accompanied by a high cytotic activity around the periphery of the food vacuole. Following this step, the perinuclear Golgi region shows an active appearance and numerous lysosomes fuse with the food vacuole. In consequence of this the food is degradated. The food vacuole shrinks continuously. Simultaneously vesicles filled with the digested material pinch off from the food vacuole, the content of which shows a more and more condensed mass of undigestible material. The undigestible residues are defecated eventually. The process of digestion is accompanied by an increase in volume and number of electron lucent cytoplasmic vacuoles. These vacuoles gradually become filled with a filamentous material starting with the vacuoles in the cell periphery. As the digestion continues, the vacuolar contents become condensed successively. Synchroneously the vacuoles move towards the cell center. After completion of the digestion, the cytoplasmic vacuoles decrease in volume and number and do not show any longer electron dense contents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01293579
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Thylakoid degradation during photooxidative bleaching of the cyanobacteriumAnacystis nidulans (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 115 (1983), S. 202-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Anacystis nidulans ; Cyanobacterium ; Electron microscopy ; Freeze-fracmres ; Thylakoid degradation ; Ultrathin-sections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Photooxidative bleaching of the CyanobacteriumAnacystis nidulans was studied by electron microscopic investigation of both freezefractured and thin-sectioned samples. During bleaching four consecutive phases in degradation of photosynthetic membranes (thylakoids) could be characterized: 1. No ultrastructural changes until photosystem II activity is lost. 2. Derangement of characteristic arrangement of thylakoids. 3. Thylakoids visible only in thin-sectioned but not in freeze-fractured samples. 4. Completely bleached cells, only traces in place of former thylakoids visible in thinsectioned samples. Bleaching did not cause lysis of the cells showing that the cytoplasmic membrane was not damaged. Polyhedral bodies also were still detectable in bleached cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279810
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A technique for optical and electron microscopy of isolated plant chromosomes (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 198-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chromosome isolation ; Electron microscopy ; Vicia faba ; Vicia narbonensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Using a formalin fixation technique whole chromosomes from root tips ofVicia species were isolated into a buffer solution. Combining this technique with the use of a set of reciprocal translocations available for this species—Vicia faba— allowed each member of the karyotype to be isolated and identified. Such isolated chromosomes can be used for optical microscopy or for either transmission or scanning electron microscopy where critical point drying clearly reveals chromatin fibre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279838
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the parapharyngeal mass of the ciliateHomalozoon vermiculare (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 116 (1983), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Parapharyngeal mass ; Electron microscopy ; Cytochemistry ; Electron microprobe X-ray analysis ; Ciliate ; Homalozoon vermiculare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The structure and elemental composition of the granules which make up the parapharyngeal mass of the ciliateHomalozoon vermiculare are analyzed. The mass is made up of two kinds of granules. One is not membrane-bounded and is composed of paraglycogen. The second type is comprised of concentric lamellae. It is rich in magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. These results do not support the contention that the granules are directly involved in the process of food vacuole formation. The role of the parapharyngeal mass remains obscure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279841
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy of dry peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds crushed for oil removal. Fixation and embedding of anhydrously prepared tissues (1983)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 117 (1983), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cell walls ; Electron microscopy ; Moisture ; Plastic embedding ; Seeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Aqueous fixatives caused dry seed tissues to swell; mashed peanuts, crushed to remove oil, swelled even more. Use of anhydrous, organic solvents as vehicles for fixatives enabled maintenance of dimensional stability during fixation of dry seed tissues; even crushed seed tissue did not swell significantly when processed anhydrously. However, anhydrously processed specimens proved difficult to section. The difficulty was due to imperfect permeation of plastic into the seed tissues during embedding. An explanation of why anhydrously processed dry seed tissues are so difficult to embed in plastic is offered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281778
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    The pineal organ of Raja clavata: Opsin immunoreactivity and ultrastructure (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 139-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Pineal photoreceptors ; Opsin immunoreactivity ; Electron microscopy ; Elasmobranch (Raja clavata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pineal organ of Raja clavata was studied by light and electron microscopy, including the immunocytochemical antiopsin reaction. The pineal organ of the ray consists of three portions: (i) a large proximal pineal, (ii) a long tube-like connecting stalk, and (iii) a short distal terminal enlargement. This latter end-vesicle lies in the deep connective tissue layers of the braincase. All portions of the pineal are composed of pinealocytes, intrinsic neurons, ependymal/glial cells, and bundles of nerve fibers embedded in thin neuropil formations. The inner segments of the pinealocytes protrude into the lumen in all parts of the organ and usually contain basal bodies and numerous mitochondria. Often, two outer segments were found to arise from the basal bodies of a single inner segment. By means of light-microscopic immunocytochemistry the outer segments showed a strong antiopsin reaction. The axons of the pinealocytes form ribbon-containing synapses on dendritelike profiles, which appear to belong to the intrinsic pineal neurons. There are other axo-dendritic synapses established by presynaptic terminals lacking ribbons and containing granular and synaptic vesicles. Pineal neurons may contain granular vesicles approximately 60–100 nm in diameter; their processes contribute to the bundles of unmyelinated axons. The fine structural organization of the pineal organ and the opsin immunoreactivity of the outer segments of the pinealocytes indicate a photoreceptive capacity of the organ. The double outer segments represent a peculiar multiplication of the photoreceptor structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206272
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of decentralisation or chronic hypogastric nerve stimulation in vivo on the innervation and responses of the guinea-pig vas deferens (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 265-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Innervation ; Decentralisation ; Hypogastric nerve ; Pharmacology ; Electron microscopy ; Vas deferens ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The physiological, pharmacological and morphological characteristics of guinea-pig vas deferens supplied by hypogastric nerves rendered inactive by decentralisation were compared with those of vas deferens in which the nerve supply had been chronically stimulated for 3–9 days using implanted electrodes. No change was seen in decentralised preparations prior to 7 days, but from 8–15 days, increased sensitivity to application of noradrenaline in vitro was observed, which was shown to be related to reduced transmitter uptake by nerve terminals as well as to an increase in postjunctional sensitivity; there was also increased fatigability 7–14 days following decentralisation. Continuous stimulation of hypogastric nerves at 2 Hz for 4–8 h daily for 4–8 days resulted in enhanced transmitter uptake and reduced responses to noradrenaline; this was associated with a slight increase in noradrenaline content and a faster adrenergic neuromuscular response with a shorter latency. No appreciable changes in nerve or muscle structure studied by electron microscopy were observed following decentralisation, but there was an increase of between 12.5 and 29.6% in the number of close (〈 100 nm) neuromuscular junctions following chronic stimulation for 8 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213786
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development ot the granule population in heterophil granulocytes from rat bone marrow (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 433-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone marrow (rat) ; Heterophil granulocyte ; Granules ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of the heterophil granulocyte in the bone marrow of the rat is described, and an electron-microscopical analysis of the changes in the cytoplasm as well as in the granule population in several stages of maturation is reported. Three types of granule originate in consecutive stages of heterophil maturation. Granules with an internal fine structure (nucleated granules) are the first to be formed, i.e., in early promyelocytes; azurophil granules are formed in late promyelocytes; and specific granules appear in myelocytes. Quantitative analysis showed that the granule population in mature cells, i.e., about 160 granules per electron micrograph, is composed of roughly 14% nucleated granules, 10% azurophil granules, and 76% specific granules. Three cell stages were observed in mitosis: the early promyelocyte, the late promyelocyte, and the myelocyte. Granule counts in non-dividing cells confirmed the occurrence of mitosis in the late promyelocyte and myelocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211466
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sarcoplasmic reticulum and intermediate filament organization in cultured neonatal cardiac muscle cells (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 489-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart ; Tissue culture ; Electron microscopy ; Myocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cardiac muscle cells from 3-day-old rat neonates were cultured for periods of 2 to 56 days. In order to facilitate ultrastructural studies on the organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the cells were prepared for transmission electron microscopy according to a regimen including postfixation in reduced osmium ferrocyanide. The nonjunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (NJSR) was organized as a loose, fenestrated sleeve around the exterior of bundles of myofilaments and was particularly prominent at the level of the Z line. The only recognizable junctional elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum were in a peripheral location. Reduced osmium ferrocyanide was also useful in distinguishing intermediate (10nm) filaments, since it understained Z substance, which often obscured these structures. Intermediate filaments were arranged both at the Z line and the intercalated disc, in parallel strands, approximately at right angles to the myofilaments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211470
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characteristics of immunolabelled, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-synthesizing neurons in the rat brain (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF ; immunolabelling ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Median eminence ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-synthesizing perikarya and neural processes were detected at ultrastructural level in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and in the median eminence of control and colchicine-pretreated rats. The unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) immunohistochemical method was used in a pre-embedding manner, on thick, non-frozen sections. In CRF-perikarya, neurosecretory granules (80–120 nm in diameter), free ribosomes, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum were labelled. Unlabelled axon terminals formed asymmetric synapses on CRF-containing perikarya and dendrites. Immunolabelled axons terminated in the palisadic zone of the median eminence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217891
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic organisation of the pelvic ganglion in the guinea-pig (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 379-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Pelvic ganglia ; Autonomic nervous system ; Synapses ; Neurones ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A semi-quantitative electron-microscopic study of neuronal cell bodies, nerve profiles and synapses in the anterior pelvic ganglia of the guinea-pig has been carried out following in vivo labelling of adrenergic nerve endings with 5-hydroxydopamine. Ganglion cells of three main types have been distinguished: 1) the majority (about 70%) not containing granular vesicles, probably cholinergic elements; 2) those containing large granular vesicles of uniform size (80–110 nm), with granules of medium density and prominent halos; and 3) those containing vesicles of variable size (60–150 nm), with very dense eccentrically placed granular cores. Some non-neuronal ‘granule-containing’ cells were present, mainly near small blood vessels. Some 95% of the total axon profiles within the ganglia were cholinergic, the remaining 5% were adrenergic. However, 99% of synapses (i.e. axons within 50 nm of nerve cell membrane with pre-and post-synaptic specialisations) were cholinergic, and 1 % were adrenergic. Only three examples of nerve cell bodies exhibiting both cholinergic and adrenergic synapses were observed. Unlike the para-and prevertebral ganglia, the pelvic ganglia contained large numbers of axo-somatic synapses. As many as 20% of the nucleated neuronal cell profiles displayed two distinct nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213794
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Decentralisation of neurones in the pelvic ganglion of the guinea-pig: Reinnervation by adrenergic nerves (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 399-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pelvic ganglion ; Reinnervation ; Decentralisation ; Autonomie nervous system ; Electron microscopy ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron-microscopic study has been made of adrenergic and cholinergic nerve fibres and synapses in the pelvic ganglion of the guinea-pig at intervals of up to 60 days following section of the hypogastric and pelvic nerves. Transection of the hypogastric nerves led to degeneration of 80–90% of the cholinergic nerve profiles and synapses in the ganglion. The small number of adrenergic nerves and synapses did not change, but 30–60 days after section, this number increased 8–10 times. Transection of the pelvic nerves led to degeneration of about 15% of the cholinergic nerve terminals, but no change in adrenergic terminals. After transection of both hypogastric and pelvic nerves, only about 1% of cholinergic nerves survived, but after 30–60 days, the number of adrenergic nerves increased 8–10 times. It is concluded that following cholinergic nerve degeneration in the ganglion, adrenergic nerves, probably originating as collateral sprouts from postganglionic neurones and granule-containing cells, can replace them to some extent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213795
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuos IBE fermentation by immobilized growing Clostridium beijerinckii cells in a stirred-tank fermentor (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 281-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The potential of continuous isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) fermentation by Ca-alginate-immobilized Clostridium beijerinckii cells in a continuous stirred-tank reactor is investigated. A mathematical model is presented to describe steady-state reactor performance. It appeared to be possible to use the biocatalyst particles repeatedly for successive fermentations (at least three times for a total duration of two months). Reactor productivity was 6-16 times higher than that of a batch fermentation (free cells), while the solvents yield was also increased. Measurements of substrate, product, and biomass concentrations were only partially in agreement with the model; however, a solid basis for further technological developement of the process has been laid.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250121
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  • 51
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    Production of Spirulina biomass: Maintenance of monoalgal culture outdoors (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of sodium bicarbonate concentration, population density, and temperature on the maintenance of an outdoor monoculture of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis were studied. A clear response by Spirulina to the concentration of bicarbonate was evident, with 0.2M bicarbonate representing the lowest concentration in which a monoculture could be maintained. When the temperatures fell during the winter period to some 20-25°C below the optimum for Spirulina, Chlorella sp. gradually increased and became the dominant species in the culture. Raising the temperature by covering the pond with transparent polyethylene resulted in a sharp decline in the population of Chlorella, and a gradual resumption of species dominance by Spirulina. In winter, there was an inverse relationship in the pond between the population density of Spirulina and the extent of contamination by Chlorella sp.; but no such effect was observed under field conditions at temperatures higher than 25°C.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250204
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  • 52
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    The half-saturation coefficient for dissolved oxygen: A dynamic method for its determination and its effect on dual species competition (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 403-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple approach was developed to determine the half-saturation coefficient for dissolved oxygen (KDO) for three bacteria by maintaining a constant oxygen concentration in continuous culture, and employing a dynamic method to obtain the specific growth rate (μ) for each species. Measurement of μ at selected dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) resulted in a typical Monod curve for a plot of μ vs. DO. Values for KDO and μmax were obtained from the Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plot. The bacteria studied included representative strains of three microorganisms isolated in pure culture from poorly settling activated sludge: two filamentous microorganisms, Sphaerotilus natans and a second Sphaerotilus sp., and an unidentified floc-forming microorganism. The KDO values obtained for Sphaerotilus sp., S. natans, and the floc former were 0.014, 0.033, and 0.073 mg/L, respectively. Dual species competition experiments were conducted in continuous culture under low and high DO conditions. Successful growth competition by these microorganisms under DO-limiting conditions was consistent with experimentally determined KDO values. The finding of lower KDO values for the two Sphaerotilus species, compared to the floc former, confirmed the hypothesis that these filamentous microorganisms can outgrow floc-forming microorganisms in activated sludge when DO in the aeration basin is low.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250209
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting cell attachment, spreading, and growth on derivatized microcarriers. I. Establishment of working system and effect of the type of the amino-charged groups (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 469-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A working system for studying the effects of factors involved in the chemical nature of microcarriers on cell attachment, spreading, and growth was established. The system is based on polyacrylamide beads, prepared by the emulsion polymerization technique. Sieved beads of desirable mean diameter were derivatized to generate controlled amounts of primary and tertiary amino groups. These microcarriers were used for the propagation of four different cell strains: BHK, MDCK, CEF, and MRC-5. It was found that BHK cells attach and spread significantly faster on primary amino-derivatized beads than those with tertiary amino groups, and at a lower degree of charging. Cell yields of MDCK cells (with pronounced epithelial morphology) propagated on primary amino-derivatized beads were higher than that obtained for the tertiary amino-derivatized microcarriers. On the other hand, CEF and MRC-5 cells (with pronounced fibroblast morphology) achieved higher cell yields on the tertiary amino-derivatized microcarriers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250213
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Anodic reactions in microbial fuel cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 559-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Potentiometric and amperometric measurements were made with microbial fuel cells containing E. coli or yeast as the anodic reducing agent and glucose as the oxidizable substrate. The catalytic effects of thionine and resorufin on the anode reaction were investigated. Results on the potentiometry, polarization, and coulombic output of the cells support a mediator-coupled mechanism for the transfer of electrons from the organism to the electrode in preference to a mechanism of “direct” electrochemical oxidation of glucose or its degradation products. Experiments with 14C-labeled glucose show that when a microbial fuel cell produces a current under load, exogenous glucose is metabolized to produce 14CO2. The Coulombic yields of the cells indicate a high degree of energy conversion in these systems.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250219
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    The effects of limiting nutrients, dilution rate, culture pH, and temperature on the yield constant and anthocyanin accumulation of carrot cells grown in semicontinuous chemostat cultures (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 569-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: With carrot cells grown in semicontinuous culture with phosphate as limiting nutrient. Dougall and Weyrauch (1980) found that the steady-state culture density was different at different dilution rates. They suggested that the yield constant for biomass was different at different dilution rates. Here the yield constant for biomass for PO43-, NH4+, Mg2+, and glucose-limited semicontinuous cultures has been measured directly at two dilution rates. The yield constants for PO43-, NH4+, and Mg2+ but not for glucose are different at the two dilution rates. The effects of pH and temperature on the biomass yield constant was measured to extend the number of system parameters examined. Biomass yield constant was changed little with change from 25 to 28°C or from pH 4.2 to pH 5.5. The steady-state levels of anthocyanin were also measured. The responses of anthocyanin levels to the system parameters are different to the biomass responses. The data suggest that at different values of each of the system parameters, the composition and metabolic activities of the cells at steady state in semicontinuous cultures are different.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250220
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  • 56
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    Assay of solid-substrate fermentation by means of reflectance infrared analysisThe mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 603-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250224
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  • 57
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    Anaerobic growth of Alcaligenes faecalis var. denitrificans at the expense of ether glycols and nonionic detergents (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 627-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250229
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  • 58
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    Sorption of Talaromyces emersonii cellulase on cellulosic substrates (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 271-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The sorption characteristics of the cellulase system of Talaromyces emersonii on various cellulosic substrates were examined. Analysis of reaction mixture supernatants by electrophoresis and enzyme assay showed that all components of the cellulase system were rapidly adsorbed by cellulose and then gradually returned to the liquid phase as the hydrolysis of the substrate progressed. The extent of adsorption in the rapid phase was influenced by pH, temperature, the nature of the substrate, and its concentration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250120
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  • 59
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    Purification and properties of extracellular β-glucosidase from Scytalidium lignicola (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250123
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  • 60
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    Confining mycelial growth to porous microbeads: A novel technique to alter the morphology of non-newtonian mycelial cultures (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 967-983 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In an effort to alter the filamentous morphology of Penicillium chrysogenum cells, a technique was developed to confine the growth of the mycelia to porous celite beads. The pore matrix of these beads was found to be very effective for entrapping mycelial cells and spores. The entrapped spores were used to initiate the fermentations in shake flask cultures. Significant increases in final cell densities were obtained in the confined cell cultures reaching up to 60 g/L cells. This is nearly double the cell concentration attainable in free cell cultures grown in the absence of beads. Cell loadings up to 0.55 g cells per bead were obtained in the confined cell cultures. In the later stages of the fermentations, the specific oxygen uptake rates in the confined cell cultures were found to decrease with respect to free cell cultures.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250407
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  • 61
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    A simple, sensitive, and accurate alcohol electrode (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1049-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The construction and performance of an enzyme electrode is described which specifically detects lower primary aliphatic alcohols in aqueous solutions. The electrode consists of a commercial Clark-type oxygen electrode on which alcohol oxidase (E.C. 1.1.3.13) and catalase were immobilized. The decrease in electrode current is linearly proportional to ethanol concentrations between 1 and 25 ppm. The response of the electrode remains constant during 400 assays over a period of two weeks. The response time is between 1 and 25 min. Assembly of the electrode takes less than 1 h.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250413
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  • 62
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    Continuous production of L-tryptophan from indole and L-serine by immobilized Escherichia coli cells (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1013-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Escherichia coli B 10, which has high activity of tryptophan synthetase, was grown in a 50-L batch culture in order to determine in which growth phase the cells have the highest specific tryptophan productivity. Accordingly, whole cells of the stationary phase were used for immobilization in polyacrylamide beads. After immobilization, these immobilized cells had 56% activity of tryptophan synthetase compared with that of free cells. First, the properties of immobilized cells were investigated. Next, discontinuous productions of L-tryptophan were carried out by using immobilized cells. In discontinuous production of L-tryptophan by the batch, the activity remaining of immobilized cells was 76-79% after 30 times batchwise use. In continuous production of L-tryptophan with a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), the activity remaining of the immobilized cells was 80% after continuous use for 50 days. The maximum productivity of L-tryptophan in this CSTR system was 0.12 g tryptophan L-1 h-1.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250411
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  • 63
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    Immobilization of the exo-maltohexaohydrolase by the irradiation method (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1095-1107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Exomaltohexaohydrolase (E.C.3.2.1.98) was immobilized by radiocopolymerization of some synthetic monomers which were mixed in various combinations. Irradiation was carried out while the mixture of monomers and enzymes was frozen in petroleum ether-dry-ice bath. Recovery of the immobilized enzyme was 44-75%.The optimum pH of the enzyme slightly shifted to the acidic side. The pH stability was improved remarkably by immobilization. The enzyme was stable retaining more than 90% of its original activity in the range pH 4-11. The optimum reaction temperature of the enzyme increased about 2°C. Heat stability was also improved by immobilization, and that the enzyme retained about 40% of its original activity after treatment at 75°C for 15 min. The immobilized enzyme was stable to the repeated use of 20 cycles. The Km value of the enzyme for short-chain amylose was almost the same as that of native enzyme. When soluble starch was used as the substrate, the Km, value of the enzyme was three times as large as that of native enzyme. Effects of various metal ions and inhibitors on the immobilized enzyme were also studied compared to the native enzyme.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250417
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    Cellulose hydrolysis by the cellulases produced by Talaromyces emersonii when grown on different inducing substrates (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1169-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250423
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  • 65
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    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250501
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  • 66
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    Fermentation process air filtration via cartridge filters (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1215-1221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of cartridge air filters for process air sterilization in commercial fermentation has proliferated in recent years. Sterile air cartridge filter performance is discussed. The use of dispersed oil particle (DOP) tests for in situ integrity testing is described and discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250504
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  • 67
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    Preparation and properties of trypsin chemically attached to EEDQ activated styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 713-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers of varying combinations crosslinked with p-DVB (1-2%) and porous structure were synthesized to be used as carriers in trypsin immobilization. The styrene-methacrylic acid copolymers containing free carboxy groups were activated by conversion into the mixed carbonic anhydride with N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) at pH 4.0. The degree of activation of copolymers were determined from the amount of p-aminobenzoic acid each could bind. The activated copolymers were incubated with trypsin in phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) at 4°C for 24 h. The optimum conditions for enzymatic activity measurements determined and the activity tests were carried out in 1.5 × 10-2M CaCl2 solution (pH 8.0) at 0.05 ionic strength with a pH-stat instrument. The dependence of the activity of styrene-methacrylic acid (SMA)/trypsin derivatives to pH was investigated and it was observed that the optimum pH of the immobilized trypsin derivatives moved to the basic region compared to the native trypsin. It was found that as the ionic strength increased, the shift in the optimum pH decreased and the activity increased. The Michaelis constants for the SMA-trypsin derivatives were determined with aid of Lineweaver-Burk diagrams. The thermal, storage, and operational stabilities of SMA-trypsin derivatives were assessed. It was found that the above stabilities for all the immobilized trypsin derivatives were better than that for the native trypsin.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250308
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  • 68
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    Some fluidization characteristics of biological beds (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1321-1330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The free-fall terminal velocity of particles coated with a nitrifying biofilm was investigated. The drag force exerted by the liquid on a biocoated particle was found larger than that for an uncoated particle. A new formula for the drag coefficient was proposed. The wet density of biofilm was estimated as 1.14 g/cm3. A proposed modification of the Zaki-Richardson method was successfully used for calculations of the porosity of a fluidized bed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250512
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  • 69
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    Enzyme management in the iotech process (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1393-1399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the Iotech process, steam explosion of wood chips potentials hydrolysis of the cullulose by enzymes. A small portion of the exploded wood is used as substrate for the production of enzymes for hydrolysis of the remaining wood. Explosions conditions degrade some of the hemicellulose, creating factors (probably related to furfural) that impair enzymatic hydrolysis and destablized the cellulases. Fortunately, simple washing with water paremits more rapid hydrolysis while enzyme stability is greatly improved. Enzymes can be recovered from the hydrolysis residue by adjusting the pH to neutrality, and additional enzymes from hydrolysis filtrate can be adsorbed on fresh exploded wood en route to hydrolysis. A simple mass balance calculation shows proportions of various activities in a mix of fresh and recycled enzymes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250517
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  • 70
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    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250601
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  • 71
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    Continuous transformation of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa immobilized in an ultrafiltration cell (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1441-1452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Microbiological transformation of benzaldehyde accomplished by the fungus Rhodotorula mucilaginosa immobilized in the ultrafiltration cell was studied. A polysulfone membrane formed on a sintered PVC support was used for the separation of the transformation product from the cellular material. Kinetic investigations have led to results which are typical of continuously fed stirred tank reactors (CFSTR) - the value of the maximum reaction rate (Vmax) and apparent Michaelis constant (K′m) are practically independent of the substrate retention time (calculated in terms of the flow intensity value). A strong relationship was found to occur between Vmax and biomass concentration in the reactor. Study of the apparent enzyme stability shows that the decrease in the biocatalyst activity is chiefly caused by penetration of the cells through the membrane. The experimental results were approximated in terms of the adopted mathematical model. Based on this model, the half-lives (t1/2) of enzyme activities were determined. The t1/2 value varies from 35 to 82 days and depends both on the permeate flux through the membrane and on the separation properties of the membrane.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250603
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  • 72
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    Effect of immobilization on stability and kinetic properties of α-L-fucosidase from Turbo cornutus (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1501-1508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An amount of α-L-fucosidase from T. cornutus liver was copolymerized with glutaraldehyde using bovine serum albumin as the carrier protein. The properties of the native, the soluble enzyme polymer complex, and the insoluble enzyme polymer complex were studied and compared under various conditions of pH, temperature, substrate, and inhibitor concentration. Native α-L-fucosidase was heat labile and lost more than 85% of its activity when incubated at 55°C for 5 min. In contrast, under equivalent incubation conditions, both the soluble and the insoluble enzyme polymer complexes exhibited enhanced resistance to thermal inactivation and after 5 min lost only 65 and 40% of their original activity, respectively. Polymerzation also resulted in the shift of pH optima towards the acidic range, a decrease in activation energy and a change in the apparent Km values towards the p-nitrophenyl-α-L-fucopyranoside substrate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250607
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  • 73
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    Producton of single-cell protein from cellulose by Aspergillus terreus (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1509-1519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cellulose fermentation studies were conducted with a thermotolerant strain of Aspergillus terreus. Batch cultivation of A. terreus using purified or complex cellulose showed that 80-88% of the available cellulose was utilized in 30-36 h with an average doubling time of 7.5-8.3 h. The protein content in the biomass ranged from 23 to 38%. Semicontinuous cultivation studies, in which 90% of the biomass was withdrawn at the end of growth cycle, indicated that 84% of added cellulose was utilized with the biomass containing 32% crude protein. No loss in cellulose consumption, growth rate, or protein production occurred through two growth cycles. Continuous cultivation of A. terreus showed that 78-84% cellulose consumption occurred over growth temperatures ranging from 35 to 45°C. Maximum specific growth rates (0.14 h-1) occurred at 40 and 45°C with a minimum doubling time of 4.9 h.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250608
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  • 74
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    Theory and modelling of ethanol evaporative losses during batch alcoholic fermentation (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1597-1612 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Evaporative loss of ethanol during batch alcoholic fermentation has been modelled, employing modern concepts of kinetics and stoichiometry and the best available phase equilibrium thermodynamic data. Theoretical results demonstrate that loss is proportional to the second power of the sugar concentration utilized and that the logarithm of loss is proportional to reciprocal absolute temperature. Good agreement is demonstrated among the theory, the numerical model, and the literature results. A master correlation for predicting ethanol loss is presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250613
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  • 75
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    Effects of temperature and ethanol concentration on the maintenance and yield coefficient of Zymomonas mobilis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1655-1660 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250618
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  • 76
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    A useful sampling device for small fermentors with thick mycelial suspensionsNCL Communication No. 3084. (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1677-1678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250622
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  • 77
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    Efficiency of lipid synthesis by yeasts (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1693-1700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The efficiency of lipid synthesis by ethanol-grown yeasts is characterized using the coefficient of the lipid energetic yield (η1). This coefficient is defined as the fraction of energy in an organic substrate that is converted to lipids. The advantages of η1 compared with the “fat coefficient” (Fs) as well as the biomass energetic yield (η) compared with Ys are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250702
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  • 78
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    Current practice in designing bottom-entering fermentor drives (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1205-1214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Top entering drives have become almost traditional for fermentor applications, however bottom entering drives have distinct features that merit consideration. The prinicipal advantages of bottom drives are delineated and design criteria discussed. Illustrations based on experience with several hundred fermentors ranging in power from fractional to 100 HP and in scale from 10 to 30,000 gallons are presented. Specific areas dealt with include configuration, alignment, seals, and shaft design.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250503
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  • 79
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    A minicomputer system for analyzing and reporting pilot plant fermentor data (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1237-1250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In 1979, a minicomputer system was developed for Hoffmann-La Roche by ABEC, Inc. for the purpose of achieving on-line analysis and reporting of data from 16 70-L pilot-plant fermentors (New Brunswick Scientific Co.). The system consists of a PDP 11/60 computer with 96K core capacity, two RL01 disk drives, two RX01 floppy-disk drives, LA-36 DECwriter terminal, Tektronix CRT, and Versatec printer plotter. DEC, PDP, RSX, RL01, RX01, LA-36, and DECwriter are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. The computer software comprises three distinct groups of programs. RSX-11M is a disk-based operating system that allows quick response to realtime events, such as process monitoring and data acquisition, while carrying out less time-dependent activities, such as program development and graphical output. The AIM (Biles, Inc.) system is used to acquire and convert the voltage signals produced by pilot-plant instrumentation into engineering units. Analysis and graphical output are executed by ABEC and Versatec supplied programs. The most beneficial task performed by the computer is the production of graphical output of a variety of measured and analyzed data. This has led to an increase in personnel productivity and design of more meaningful experiments. An ancillary function of the system is to pick up data logged by a PDP 11/03 computer from a remote fermentation production plant by means of a MODEM interfaced communication link. Production data are analyzed and presented in a form identical with pilot-plant data. The experience with the system is discussed in this article.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250507
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  • 80
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    Effect of pretreatment on the hydrolysis of cellulose by Penicillium funiculosum cellulase and recovery of enzyme (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1863-1871 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Penicillium funiculosum produces a complete cellulase which brings about 97% hydrolysis of cotton and has high β-glucosidase, xylanase, laminarinase, and lichenase activities. This article deals with the effect of different pretreatments on the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse by P. funiculosum enzymes and the recovery of enzyme from the insoluble residues. Enzymic saccharification of bagasse pretreated with hot 1N NaOH followed by neutralization with HCI and steam treated under pressure (7 kg/cm2) gave 63 and 59% saccharification, respectively, in 48 h. Hemicellulose is not lost in these pretreatments. With a 30% slurry of steam-treated bagasse, a semisolid mass containing 14% sugar was obtained. A 90% recovery of CMCase, β-glucosidase, and filter paper activity from the hydrolysates was obtained under the following conditions: (1) maintaining the ratio of enzyme to substrate high by stepwise addition of substrate, (2) brief grinding of the residual substrate with glass powder, and (3) addition of 0.4% Tween-80 to the eluting buffer. The high recovery of cellulolytic enzymes indicates that the adsorption of these enzymes on cellulose is not irreversible.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250714
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    Masthead (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250801
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  • 82
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    Precipitation, chelation, and the availability of metals as nutrients in anaerobic digestion. I. Methodology (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1947-1957 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A methodology has been developed for the quantitative assessments of the individual effects of precipitation and chelation of metal ions in an anaerobic digester.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250805
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  • 83
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    Continuous production of high-glucose syrup by chitin-immobilized amylase (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1973-1980 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple method of preparing a chitin-immobilized α-amylase and glucoamylase from the protease- and glycosidase-less Mutant HF-15 of Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi was developed and used for the production of high-glucose syrup. The glucoamylase was tightly bound onto chitin without the aid of a crosslinking agent because the enzyme contained a specific binding site for chitin. Continuous production of high glucose concentrate from a highly concentrated α-amylasetreated gelatinized starch substrate (about 45% total solids) was undertaken successfully with the use of a column-packed chitin-immobilized amylase. The activity of the column was stable for more than 20 days of continuous operation and the product was found to be only glucose with an average dextrose equivalent value of more than 97%. The final product showed no isomaltose or panose contamination, indicating that the immobilized amylase had no transglucosidation activity. The immobilized amylase was most active in the conversion of gelatinized starch to glucose at 55°C and pH 2.5 to 5.0. Drying the chitin-immobilized amylase resulted in the decrease of activity and shortening of storage life, whereas a storage life of up to 80 days was attained without affecting its original activity when kept under moist condition at 4°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250807
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  • 84
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    The effect of carbon dioxide on the production of an extracellular nuclease of Staphylococcus aureus (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1083-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of the extracellular nuclease secreted by Staphylococcus aureus (Foggi strain) was studied in a fermentor in an attempt to improve yield and allow large-scale production of the enzyme. In shake flask cultures, 600 units/mL of the enzyme were produced routinely. However, only 450 units/mL of the enzyme at best were obtained in a small-scale fermentor (3 L). The supplementation of the air supply to the fermentor with carbon dioxide [20% (v/v)] increased levels of enzyme in the culture medium to 770 units/mL. Subsequently, this result was reproduced in larger fermentors (10 and 150 L). The possible mechanisms of the effect of carbon dioxide upon the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (Foggi) and the production of the enzyme are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250416
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  • 85
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    Bioconversion of cellulose into ethanol by Clostridium thermocellum - product inhibition (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1109-1126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Direct anaerobic bioconversion of cellulosic substances into ethanol by Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 has been carried out at 60°C and pH 7.0 (initial for 100 L) under continuous sparging of oxygen free nitrogen in a culture vessel. Raw bagasse, mild alkali-treated bagasse, and solka floc were used as substrates. The extent of conversion of raw bagasse (cellulose, 50%; hemicellulose, 25%; lignin, 19%) was observed as 52% (w/w) and 79% (w/w) in the case of mild alkali and steam-treated bagasse (cellulose, 72%; hemicellulose, 11%; lignin, 12%), respectively. Use of bagasse concentration above 10 g/L showed a decreased rate in ethanol production. An inoculum age between 28-30 h and cell mass content of 0.027-0.036 g/L (dry basis) were used. The results obtained with raw and pretreated bagasse have been compared with those of highly pure Solka Floc (hemicellulose, 10%). Studies on the product inhibition indicated a linear fall of the percent of survivors with time. An Arrhenius type correlation between the cell decay rate constant and the product concentration was predicted. Even at low levels, the inhibitory effects of products on cell viability, the specific growth rate, and extracellular cellulase enzyme were observed.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250418
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  • 86
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    A Process for large-scale isolation of β-galactosidase from E. coli in an aqueous two-phase system (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1789-1800 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method suitable for large-scale isolation of β-galactosidase from a suspension of disintegrated E. coli cells has been developed. In an aqueous two-phase system consiting of PEG 6000 and potassium phosphate, all cell debris and the major part of the proteins and nucleic acids were partitioned to the denser salt phase. Seventy-five percent of the β-galactosidase was recovered in the lighter PEG phase, giving a purification ratio of about 12.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250709
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of hydrolysis, oxidation, and adsorption during olive oil degradation by activated sludge (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1829-1839 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetics of the degradation of olive oil by an acclimated activated sludge were studied. Kinetic constants for the lipid removal from the mixed liquor and for that from the supernatant and for the hydrolysis step were evaluated using Michelis-Menten equations. The maximum specific reactions rates (vmax) and the saturation constants (Km) were vmax = 1.20 mg lipid mg-1 MLVSS day-1 and Km = 1290 mg/L for lipid removal from the mixed liquor; vmax = 1.54 mg lipid mg-1 MLVSS day-1 and Km = 801 mg/L for that from the supernatant; vmax = 1.57 mg olive oil mg-1 MLVSS day-1 and Km = 1750 mg/L for the hydrolysis of olive oil (where MLVSS refers to mixed liquor volatile suspended solids). The adsorption of olive oil by the activated sludge contributed to the lipid removal from the supernatant. The specific rate of this adsorption was also estimated. The hydrolysis, rather than the oxidation of free fatty acids, was the rate limiting step in the degradation of olive oil when the concentration of olive oil was lower than about 800 mg/L.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250712
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of oxygen removal on hydrogen photoproduction in algae (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1897-1904 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hydrogen photoproduction from water in Scenedesmus cells requires removal of oxygen by a reagent in contact with the algae. Both deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin stimulated hydrogen production by reversible absorption of oxygen. Their effectiveness was greatly increased when other oxygen-combining reagents were present in a separate chamber with deoxyhemoglobin and deoxymyoglobin serving as reversible oxygen transfer agents.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250716
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of protein distribution in budding yeast (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1295-1310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Flow cytometry is a fast and sensitive method that allows monitoring of different cellular parameters on large samples of a population. Protein distributons give relevant information on growth dynamics, since they are related to the age distribution and depend on the law of growth of the population and the law of protein accumulation during the cell cycle. We analyzed protein distributions to evaluate alternative growth models for the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to monitor the changes in population dynamics that result from environmental modifications; such an analysis could potentially give parameters useful in the control of biotechnological processes. Theoretical protein distributions (taking into account the unequal division of yeast cells and the exponential law of protein accumulation during a cell cycle) quantitatively fit experimental distributions, once appropriate variability sources are introduced. Best fits are obtained when the protein threshold required for bud emergence increases at each new generation of parent cells.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250510
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Production of biomas and β-D-galactosidase by Candida pseudotropicalis grown in continuous culture on whey (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1341-1357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of biomass and β-D-galactosidase by the lactose-utilizing yeast Candida pseudotropicalis NCYC 744 in whey medium was studied. Apparent optimization of growth conditions and medium was done in continuous culture. Optimaql pH and temperature were 2.6 and 36-38°C, respectively, Limitations in Cu, Zn, and possbily Mn were detected in deproteinized whey medium. Additions of tryptophan estimulated growth of the yeast. Under optimal conditions in medium supplemented with excess tryptophan, Cu, Zn, and Mn the maximum values obtained: yeast concentration, 4.6 g/L; yeast productivity, 1.4 g/L h (at D = 0.35 h-1); enzyme volumetric productivity, 2100 U/L h (at D = 0.25 h-1); maintenance coefficient, 5-10 mg lactose/g cell h; saturation constant (Ks) for lactose, 4.76mM; maximum specific growth rate, (μmax), 0.47 h-1. No significant increase in specific enzyme activity (U/mg cell) was observed after medium optimiztion evidencing the importance of regulatory controls in enzyme synthesis.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250514
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen electrode dynamics: Three-layer model - chemical reaction in the liquid film (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1401-1418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general model of the transient behaviour of an oxygen probe is derived on more general assumptions than those previously considered. The present state of the art is shorly discussed in its relation to the newly derived equations: (1) the reducibility of the three-layer diffusional model to two-layer ones is discussed, and the two-layer model considering the membrane and the liquid film is verified experimentally, (2) experimental and theoretical treatments of transient probe characteristics determination are examined, and (3) the influence of chemical reactions of the first order as well as of zero order (microorgaganism respiration) in measured media on transientd probe characteristics is quantified.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250518
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Two-stage continuous fermentation of Saccharomycopsis fibuligeria and Candida utilisApproved by the Director of the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station as Research Paper No. 8254. (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2641-2651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biomass production and carbohydrate reduction were determined for a two-stage continuous fermentation process with a simulated potato processing waste feed. The amylolytic yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera was grown in the first stage and a mixed culture of S. fibuligera and Candida utilis was maintained in the second stage. All conditions for the first and second stages were fixed except the flow of medium to the second stage was varied. Maximum biomass production occurred at a second stage dilution rate, D2, of 0.27 h -1. Carbohydrate reduction was inversely proportional to D2, between 0.10 and 0.35 h -1.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251112
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    On the criticism of “some measurements of photosynthetic efficiency” (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2775-2776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251118
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    On the relation of temperature and RNA content to the specific growth rate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2785-2788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251120
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Conversion of organic acids to h2 by Rhodospirillaceae grown with glutamate or dinitrogen as nitrogen source (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2843-2853 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Axenic cultures of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Rhodomicrobium vannielii grown with glutamate as the nitrogen source converted lactate, acetate, and butyrate to H2 and CO2. Conversion rates ranged from 100 to 926 mL H2 Lr-1 day-1 (where Lr is the reactor contents), and efficiencies varied from 23 to 100% When grown with N2, conversion rates up to 760 mL H2 Lr-1 day-1 and efficiencies up to 100%were achieved. Upon aging, cultures appear to rapidly increase in hydrogen uptake activity and furthermore decrease in nitrogenase activity, both factors leading to a slowdown of hydrogen production. This was particularly the case for diazotrophically grown photobacteria.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251203
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer rates in non-newtonian fermentations by confining mycelial growth to microbeads in a bubble column (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 2873-2887 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The performance of a penicillin fermentation was assessed in a laboratory-scale bubble column fermentor, with mycelial growth confined to the pore matrix of celite beads. Final cell densities of 29 g/L and penicillin titres of 5.5 g/L were obtained in the confined cell cultures. In comparison, cultures of free mycelial cells grown in the absence of beads experienced dissolved oxygen limitations in the bubble column, giving only 17 g/L final cell concentrations with equally low penicillin titres of 2 g/L. The better performance of the confined cell cultures was attributed to enhanced gas liquid mass transfer rates, with mass transfer coefficients (kLa) two to three times higher than those determined in the free cell cultures. Furthermore, the confined cell cultures showed more efficient utilization of power input for mass transfer, providing up to 50% reduction in energy requirements for aeration.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260251206
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Temperature profiles of ethanol tolerance: Effects of ethanol on the minimum and the maximum temperatures for growth of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1665-1667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250620
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of cellulose to ethanol using Penicillium funiculosum cellulase and free or immobilized Saccharomyces uvarum cellsNCL Communication No.: 3073 (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1679-1684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No. Abstract.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250623
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic treatment of raw domestic sewage at ambient temperatures using a granular bed UASB reactor (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1701-1723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Results obtained in a 120 liter 2 m high UASB-reactor with raw domestic sewage and using a granular sugar beet waste cultivated seed sludge, reveal the feasibility of this type of anaerobic treatment for domestic sewage. Under dry weather conditions 65-85% COD reduction can be achieved at temperatures in the range of 8-20°C and at hydraulic loads as high as 2 m3 · m-3 · day-1. In the case of heavy rainfall the COD-reduction drops to 50-70% and occasionally, viz.at very low influent COD, even below 50%. The net methane production amounts to 7.1-7.3 m3 · PE-1 · year-1, and the excess sludge production ranges form 5.0-8.6 kg TS · PE-1 · year-1. Regarding the results obtained anaerobic treatment of raw sewage not only looks an attractive proposition for tropic areas but also for moderate climatic areas.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250703
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Growth and phosphate uptake of a high phosphate accumulating bacterium, Arthrobacter globiformis PAB-6 in continuous culture (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25 (1983), S. 1781-1788 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A high phosphate accumulating bacterium, Arthrobacter globiformis PAB-6, was grown in a chemostat under glucose-limitation. Two different growth patterns at steady state with various dilution rates were obtained. In one case, cells having a coccus shape tended to washout at a low dilution rate, 0.2 (h-1). In another, cells with a rod shape grew faster and gave a good steady-state growth at a dilution rate of 0.4. Such a close relationship between growth rate and cell morphology was found both in continuous and batch cultures. The amount of phosphate uptake per cell mass was almost constant irrespective of the dilution rate, but the rate of the uptake was maximum at about the dilution rate of 0.4. A clone of PAB-6 was isolated from the continuous culture with high dilution rate and had maximum specific growth rate of 0.7 in a simple glucosesalt medium.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260250708
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