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  • 1980-1984  (1,147)
  • 1965-1969  (793)
  • 1980  (1,147)
  • 1968  (793)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (1,147)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (415)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (305)
  • Cat
  • Kidney
  • Nuclear reactions
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  • 1980-1984  (1,147)
  • 1965-1969  (793)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 314 (1980), S. 89-96 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol ; Sulphates ; Conjugation ; Stereoisomers ; Kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) labelled with six deuterium atoms ([2H6]MHPG) was infused into two female greyhound dogs. Plasma and urine were analyzed for endogenous MHPG and [2H6]MHPG and their conjugates by the technique of selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This analysis showed that the major forms of MHPG and [2H6]MHPG in the plasma and urine of the greyhounds were the sulphate conjugates. However, the plasma concentration of [2H6]MHPG sulphate increased continuously during the infusion period and the renal clearance of this compound was found to be much less than that of the endogenous sulphate. The explanation that this was due either to saturation of a renal transport mechanism or to a deuterium isotope effect was eliminated. Stereochemical analysis showed that, while the [2H6]MHPG used for infusion was a racemic mixture of two stereoisomers, much more of the natural(−)stereoisomer of [2H6]MHPG sulphate was excreted in the dog urine. It was also shown that both the (+) and (−)stereoisomers of [2H6]MHPG sulphate were sulphoconjugated at the 4-position of the aromatic ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 53-56 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Monocular deprivation ; Visual cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight kittens were subjected to daily 4-h sessions with vision restricted to one eye between the 4th and 9th postnatal weeks. The total duration of monocular exposure ranged from 76 to 152 h. Between monocular exposure periods, four kittens were kept in total darkness, and four experienced binocular vision under normal colony conditions. At the end of the rearing period, all experimental animals and four normally reared controls were studied by means of single-unit recording in primary visual cortex. In kittens with inter-session dark rearing, very few neurons could be driven through the deprived eye. This effect was more extreme than that observed after continuous dark rearing. Visual responses mediated by the experienced eye appeared normal. In contrast, in kittens with inter-session binocular vision, the large majority of visual cortical neurons responded to visual stimulation of either eye. A few neurons appeared to have lost their responsiveness to the deprived eye, but this effect was small. We conclude that monocular vision delivered during brief daily sessions produces a cumulative competitive inactivation of transmission in the pathway from the deprived eye to striate cortex so long as no visual stimulation occurs outside the monocular periods. Binocular visual stimulation received between sessions rapidly and almost completely reverses the effects of monocular vision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 103-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Auditory ; Binaural ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The binaural input to single neurones in the inferior colliculus of barbiturate- and ketamine-anaesthetised kittens was tested using pure tones. Stimuli were presented to each ear independently via sealed sound-delivery systems. Cells were classified according to the predominant type of input (excitatory or inhibitory) from each ear. There was no significant difference between age groups in the proportions of cells showing each type of binaural input. For all ages, cells excited by monaural stimulation of either ear (EE cells) tended to be of low best frequency (BF) and cells excited by monaural stimulation of one ear, but inhibited by simultaneous stimulation of the other ear (EI cells), had higher BFs. Units for which quantitative spike count data were obtained were also categorised according to their response pattern. Cells categorised as “onset”, “pauser” and “burst-type” were found in approximately equal proportions in animals of all age groups. “Primary-like” units were not found in animals less than 20 days old. Unit discharge rate was significantly higher for adults than for any of the three kitten groups. These data suggest that (1) binaural connections are not subject to postnatal developmental alteration and (2) the development of excitatory responses after 20 days consists of an increase in the number of discharges rather than a change in the pattern of these discharges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 121-123 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Visual cortex ; Corpus callosum ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horseradish peroxidase was injected in the right visual cortex and a large electrolytic lesion made in the left lateral geniculate nucleus of an adult cat. Neurons of origin of the callosal projection to the injected cortex were identified by retrograde labelling and selected for electron microscopic study. Degenerating thalamo-cortical axon terminals were found to contact a labelled stellate cell in layer IV and a labelled pyramidal cell in layer III at the border region of areas 17 and 18. We conclude that there is a monosynaptic pathway from lateral geniculate nucleus to the cells of origin of callosal axons to the contralateral visual cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Ventromedial thalamic nucleus ; Cerebellar degenerating boutons ; Ultrastructure ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Terminal degeneration of cerebellar afferents in the ventral medial thalamic nucleus (VM) was studied in cats at the ultrastructural level after uni- or bilateral lesions in the brachium conjunctivum (BC). To achieve discrete lesions within the BC, a new very accurate stereotaxic technique was used. Numerous large terminals belonging to a population of so-called LR boutons were observed degenerating in the VM. The boutons displayed a wide variety of degenerative changes. Some revealed the features of the classical neurofilamentous type of degeneration. Others, although containing a slightly increased number of neurofilaments, featured much more prominently large numbers of coated vesicle shells and heavy accumulations of a flocculent electrondense material. Degeneration in a third group of boutons similar to some extent to the light type of degeneration was characterized by tight clumping of enormously swollen or distorted synaptic vesicles within a light matrix. At later stages, however, all these boutons were believed to become shrunken and electron-dense since intermediate stages between the light- and dark-appearing boutons were observed. The degenerating cerebellar boutons formed asymmetrical synaptic contacts. Groups of 3 or 4 boutons terminated upon dendrites of projection neurons synapsing more frequently on spines than on dendritic stems. The synaptic contacts between cerebellar boutons and the vesicle-containing dendrites of local circuit neurons were encountered as often if not more than the contacts on projection neuron dendrites. Triads consisting of cerebellar boutons and dendrites of both types of neurons were observed very regularly. This synaptic arrangement provides the anatomical basis for the modification of cerebellar input in the VM by interneurons.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 63-73 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Stimulation ; Superior colliculus ; Eye movements ; Eye-head coordination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrical stimulation of the cat superior colliculus (SC), in conjunction with the accurate measurement of elicited eye movements and histologically verified electrode positions, has revealed a striking antero-posterior variation in collicular organization. Three zones could be defined in the SC on the basis of eye movement patterns and associated neck muscle EMG activity evoked from the deeper layers. The Anterior zone was coextensive with the central 25 ° of the visual retinotopically coded map contained in the superficial layers. Saccades evoked from this zone were also retinotopically coded, and the latency of EMG activity depended on the position of the eye in the orbit. A similar observation applies to the entire monkey SC. The Intermediate zone was coextensive with the 25 °–70 ° of visual projections. Saccades evoked from this region were “goal-directed” and were associated with invariant, short latency EMG responses. The Posterior zone was found in the extreme caudo-lateral portion of the SC. Eye movements evoked from this zone were centering saccades associated with constant latency EMG activity. The present results in conjunction with previously demonstrated antero-posterior variations in projections to the SC, suggest that the motor strategies controlling gaze shifts toward visual targets vary depending on the location of the target in the visual field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 105-112 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Prefrontal cortex ; Parietal cortex ; Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus ; Horseradish peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one cat brains with cortical injections of horseradish peroxidase resulting in labelled cells in the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus (MD) were screened for afferent projections from the parietal cortex. Contrary to expectation, nearly the whole prefrontal cortex (PFC) situated around the frontal pole was free of parietal afferents, while a small area in the anterior sylvian gyrus (orbito-insular subregion of PFC) consistently received afferents from the parietal cortex. The few afferents projecting to the cortex around the frontal pole originated exclusively from the convexity of the suprasylvian gyrus, while the great majority of the parietal neurons projecting to the anterior sylvian gyrus was situated within the fundus of the suprasylvian sulcus. While the main regions of the prefrontal cortex of the rhesus monkey receive a substantial projection from the parietal lobe, whereas the main regions of the cat's prefrontal cortex are free of afferents from the parietal cortex, possible differences in the parieto-prefrontal organization of both species are discussed. Furthermore, differences between the orbito-insular subregion and the rest of the PFC are emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 125-132 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Visual cortex ; Luxotonic sustained responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal responses to continuous, diffuse white light or darkness were studied in cortical visual areas 17, 18, 19 and Clare-Bishop of the unanesthetized cat. In contrast to squirrel monkeys and macaques in which about 40 or 25% of the units in striate cortex are luxotonic (response to continuous light or darkness sustained〉2.0 min), all of the visual areas in the cat had fewer than 4.0% of the units exhibiting such luxotonic activity. The functional basis of this difference may be related to differences between the two species in the quantitative balance of antagonistic receptive field properties.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 133-147 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Somatosensory cortex ; Oral projections ; Face projections ; Cytoarchitectonic organization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The projections of low threshold afferents from the oral cavity and the face to the cerebral cortex of cats anaesthetized with chloralose were investigated. The projection fields of the ipsi- and contralateral lingual, inferior alveolar, mental, superior alveolar, infraorbital, (separate branches from whiskers and nose), ophthalmic, great auricular and the contralateral superficial radial nerves were localized. Surface potentials of short latency and maximal amplitude were recorded and their location traced on photographs of the rostral part of the right cerebral hemisphere. Reference points were indicated with india ink punctures. The extent of the cytoarchitectonic areas was determined on histological serial sections and the borders transferred to the photographs of the hemisphere. The features of the projections were related to the cytoarchitecture and to the pattern of the gyri and sulci. It was observed that the low threshold afferents from the oral cavity and the face projected via fast conducting, presumably three synaptic paths, to separate locations in areas 3a, 3b, 5a and 6aβ. The projections to area 3b were somatotopically organized starting with the auricular and the ophthalmic nerve projections lateral to the 3b projection of the forelimb in the posterior sigmoid gyrus and continuing with the maxillary nose, maxillary whiskers, mental nerve, superior alveolar, inferior alveolar and lingual nerve fields along the coronal gyrus towards the presylvian sulcus. The somatotopy was, however, not isomorphic with the body surface but displayed consecutive, overlapping bands across area 3b. The projections to area 3a were similarly organized. The somatotopy was less obvious in area 5a and 6aβ. Convergent projections with responses of slightly longer latency were observed in area 43 (gyrus orbitalis).
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Jaw reflexes ; Hypothalamus ; Aggression ; Bruxisrn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of electrical stimulation in the hypothalamus on the monosynaptic jaw closing and the disynaptic jaw opening reflexes were investigated in cats anaesthetized with chloralose. The hypothalamic electrodes were located by observation of behavioural attack responses in the unanaesthetized animal and by means of Horsley-Clarke coordinates. The locations were verified in histological serial sections. Hypothalamic conditioning with trains of 3–10 pulses, 0.5 ms duration, 0.5 mA, 500 Hz, evoked a strong facilitation of the jaw closing reflex and a facilitation followed by an inhibition of the jaw opening reflex. These effects differed from those elicited from the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamic effects had a longer latency (11–13 ms) and required a longer train of conditioning stimuli than was the case with those evoked from the cortex. Bilateral ablation of the sensorimotor cerebral cortex or lesion of the pyramids at the lower pontine level diminished but did not abolish the hypothalamic effects. They did, however, disappear after lesions including the ventral midbrain tegmentum. The stimulus positions eliciting the largest hypothalamic effects on the jaw reflexes were located in a region extending medio-laterally from the perifornical area to the entrance of the ansa lenticularis in the lateral hypothalamus. Rostro-caudally the location was found at the level of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and the anterior hypothalamus just rostral to this nucleus. The region corresponds to those parts of the hypothalamus from which agonistic and feeding responses have been evoked. It is suggested that the observed hypothalamotrigeminal mechanism may exercise a tonic influence on the trigeminal motoneurones, thereby controlling the set point of the biting force. The implications of this hypothesis on the etiology of bruxism and the myofascial pain dysfunction are discussed.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 294-304 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Squint amblyopia ; Visual cortex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In two cats in which surgically induced, unilateral divergent strabismus had led to behaviourally determined amblyopia, a variety of electrophysiological parameters were determined in search of neuronal correlates of squint amblyopia. Tests that assess global neuronal excitability along the pathways from the two eyes to the visual cortex (areas 17 and 18) failed to reflect the functional inferiority of the squinting eye: retinographic responses and cortical evoked potentials elicited by Ganzfeld-stimulation and by stimulation of the optic nerves were identical for the two eyes. The ocular dominance distribution of neurons in area 17 showed the expected disruption of binocularity but failed to provide clear evidence for a functional inferiority of the squinting eye. At other levels of analysis, however, a clear difference between the two eyes was apparent: 1. Responses to optimally aligned light stimuli tended to be more sluggish and the under-representation of neurons with vertically oriented receptive fields was more pronounced in neurons driven from the deviated eye than in cells dominated by the normal one. 2. Interocular inhibition as assessed from electrically evoked potentials was found to be asymmetric; responses evoked from the amblyopic eye were suppressed more readily and over longer periods by conditioning shocks applied to the normal nerve than vice versa. 3. Numerous abnormalities reflecting the functional inferiority of the squinting eye became apparent in cortical potentials evoked by phase reversal of gratings of variable spatial frequency and contrast. A laminar analysis of these field potentials suggests impaired transmission along the intracortical pathways which relay activity to supragranular layers as a major cause for abnormal responses from the squinting eye. It is concluded that squint amblyopia is associated with a variety of neuronal changes at various levels of the visual system, the present data providing evidence for alterations at the cortical level.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 449-455 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Blutdruck ; Neugeborene ; Prostaglandine ; Niere ; Osmolalität ; Blood pressure ; Neonates ; Prostaglandins ; Kidney ; Osmolality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We studied the excretion of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and of PGF2α in 172 healthy newborns during the first week of life to detect possible biochemical markers for the individual susceptibility to hypertension. PG excretion was compared to urinary electrolytes, urinary osmolality, and blood pressure. In addition, blood pressure of the newborns was related to the blood pressure of the mothers and to the history of hypertension in parents and/or grandparents. PGE2-excretion increased from 0.7 ng/mg creatinine on the third day to 1.5 ng on the fifth day of life (p〈0.001) while PGF2α excretion remained unchanged at 2 ng/mg creatinine. PGE2 (but not PGF2α) was inversely correlated to urinary osmolality (p〈0.001) while urinary potassium was positively correlated to PGF2α (p〈0.001). On the fifth day of life systolic blood pressure of the newborns was correlated to PGF2α-excretion and to systolic blood pressure of the mother (p〈0.05). Blood pressure was significantly higher in newborns with a history of hypertension in parents or grandparents than in those without hypertension in relatives (p〈0.02). The data suggest that renal PG:s are involved in the regulation of urinary osmolality and potassium excretion in the neonate. The positive correlation between PGF2α excretion and blood pressure may indicate a genetically determined PG-related renal influence on the level of systemic blood pressure.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Auf der Suche nach einem biochemischen Parameter als Marker für die Hypertonie-Gefährdung wurde bei 172 gesunden Neugeborenen am 3. und 5. Lebenstag die Ausscheidung von PGE2 und von PGF2α gemessen und mit dem Blutdruck, der Elektrolytausscheidung sowie der Urinosmolalität verglichen. Daneben wurde der Blutdruck der Neugeborenen in Beziehung gesetzt zum Blutdruck der Mutter und zur Hypertonie-Anamnese in den Familien der Eltern. Die PGE2-Ausscheidung stieg von 0,7 ng/mg Kreatinin am 3. Tag auf 1,5 am 5. Tag (p〈0,001), während die PGF2α-Exkretion bei 2 ng/mg Kreatinin konstant blieb. Es bestand eine inverse Korrelation zwischen PGE2 und der Urinosmolalität (p〈0,001), während die Kalium-Ausscheidung positiv zur PGF2α-Exkretion korreliert war (p〈0,001). Am 5. Lebenstag war der systolische Blutdruck der Neugeborenen signifikant korreliert zu der PGF2α-Ausscheidung (p〈0,05). Es bestand weiterhin eine positive Korrelation des systolischen Blutdrucks der Neugeborenen zum systolischen Blutdruck der Mütter (p〈0,05). Der Blutdruck bei Neugeborenen mit Hypertonie in der Familienanamnese war bereits in der ersten Lebenswoche signifikant höher als der Blutdruck bei Kindern ohne Hypertonie bei Eltern und/oder Großeltern. Die Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, daß beim Neugeborenen renale Prostaglandine bei der Regulation der Urinosmolalität und der Kalium-Ausscheidung beteiligt sind. Die positive Korrelation zwischen PGF2α-Ausscheidung und Blutdruck wird als möglicher Marker eines genetisch determinierten Einflusses des renalen PG-Systems auf die Blutdruckregulation gedeutet.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 68 (1980), S. 179-184 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Pentobarbital ; Sleepwake ; EEG ; REM sleep ; Forebrain ; Cat ; Lesion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of amphetamine and pentobarbital upon electrographic state were studied in naive cats and cats with forebrain lesions that induce insomnia. Amphetamine increased alertness and decreased both slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep states for up to 12 h in both intact animals and cats with lesions. Pentobarbital inhibited REM sleep and alert states while increasing SWS and drowsy states in naive cats. The effect was mainly restricted to the first 8 h. In cats with forebrain lesions, the effects were similar except that the amount of REM sleep was significantly elevated. During a portion of the first 8 h, the tracing cannot be distinguished from a normal control sample. It is hypothesized that pentobarbital mimics the normal inhibitory influence of the intact forebrain and either induces or facilitates ‘normal’ sleep patterns in cats with forebrain lesions.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Urological research 8 (1980), S. 113-116 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Rosoxacin ; Renal lymph ; Interstitial fluid ; Kidney ; Prostate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Concentrations of rosoxacin, a new quinolone derivative, in the renal hilar lymph, renal interstitial fluid, prostatic interstitial fluid, and prostatic secretion were investigated in dogs during constant intravenous infusion. The lymph was obtained by direct cannulation of the lymphatics and the interstitial fluid from small plastic tissue chambers implanted six weeks before the experiments. Renal clearance of rosoxacin was compared to the glomerular filtration rate, as measured by 125I-iothalamate clearance, and showed a net reabsorption of rosoxacin. The renal lymph and interstitial fluid concentrations in both kidney and prostate were found to be lower than the simultaneous plasma concentrations, corresponding well with earlier findings for several other antimicrobial agents. However the concentrations in lymph and interstitial fluids were higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations for most enterobacteriaceae normally encountered in urinary tract infections.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 158 (1980), S. 245-252 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Kidney ; Lamprey ; Vasculature ; Nephron ; Microanatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anatomy and blood system of the kidney in the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis, was studied after injecting microfil into nephrons or the arterial system. Renal arteries arose at irregular intervals from the dorsal aorta and gave rise to a regular arrangement of afferent arterioles supplying the network of glomerular capillaries. Nephron units were arranged in two longitudinal series on each side of the glomerular capillaries, with the capsule of each nephron closely related to the capillary network. A short neck segment lead into the convoluted proximal segment, which accounted for over half the length of each nephron and was surrounded by a network of capillaries and sinusoids supplied by efferent glomerular arterioles. The end of each proximal segment formed the descending limb of a nephron loop, which lay parallel to the ascending distal limb and the end of each collecting duct. Peritubular blood flow in this region was generally opposite the flow of tubular fluid and blood eventually drained into large thin-walled sinuses connected to the post-cardinal vein.
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  • 16
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    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 158 (1980), S. 289-302 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Tapetum lucidum ; Cat ; Melanocytes ; Development ; DOPA-reaction ; DOPA ; cysteinyldopa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The postnatal development of the tapetum lucidum cellulosum of the cat was studied with cytochemical, histochemical, microspectrofluorimetric, and chemical methods. At birth, the prospective tapetal cells exhibit a cytoplasmic, formaldehyde-induced catechol fluorescence which, by spectrographical criteria, is due to the presence of a thioether of DOPA, most likely 5-S-cysteinyldopa. These cells show a positive DOPA-reaction in the GERL, a Golgi-associated system of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Beyond the third postnatal week, tyrosinase activity is found in the GERL and in the premelanosomal-like tapetal rods. Shortly thereafter, cells in the innermost layers of the tapetum reveal a change in the colour of the fluorophore from green (formaldehyde-induced) to orange-yellow (autofluorescent). Concomitant with the appearance of the yellow fluorophore (having spectral characteristics similar to authentic riboflavin), the DOPA-reactivity in the tapetal cells is no longer detectable and the cells attain the feature of mature tapetal elements with typical elongated, parallelly arranged, electron-dense rods. The increases and decreases in tyrosinase activity are parallelled by similar time-dependent changes in DOPA and cysteinyldopa content. Both DOPA and cysteinyldopa are considered as potential precursors of melanin polymers. Thus, these data support the concept that the tapetal cells represent uniquely differentiated and highly specialized choroidal melanocytes. The compact arrangement of these cells in the tapetum lucidum renders it an ideal tissue for studying the developmental biology of melanocytes.
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  • 17
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    Anatomy and embryology 160 (1980), S. 341-359 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Reticulocerebellar ; Peroxidase ; Retrograde transport ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Injections of horseradish peroxidase into the various parts of the cerebellar cortex and the cerebellar nuclei in the cat result in labelled cells within the reticular formation proper. All the reticular nuclei (with the exception of the reticular formation of the mesencephalon) send fibres to the cerebellum. The highest number of labelled neurons after cerebellar injections is found in the caudal reticular formation, especially within nucleus reticularis ventralis, nucleus reticularis lateralis and nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis. Another region for an accumulation of labelled cells is the rostral part of nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. Except for the paraflocculus, all cerebellar cortical areas and all cerebellar nuclei receive afferents from one or more of the nuclei within the reticular formation proper, but the largest number of labelled neurons is observed in cases with injections including the intermediate-lateral part of lobulus simplex and the adjacent areas of the anterior lobe and crus I. The projection is bilateral with an ipsilateral preponderance (the cerebellar nuclei appear to receive a higher number of fibres from the contralateral side). Cells of all sizes are labelled, but labelled giant cells are found only after large cortical injections.
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  • 18
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    Anatomy and embryology 160 (1980), S. 131-144 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Kidney ; Renal pelvis ; Urine concentration ; Renal medulla ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphometric analyses have been used to study the renal pelvises of four common rodents: laboratory rat (R), hamster (H), gerbil (M), sand rat (P). Measurements on photographs of serial sections were used to determine the 1) area of the outer kidney surface, 2) surface area of each kidney zone and hilum facing the pelvic space, 3) volume of the pelvic space, 4) volume of each kidney zone. As a standard measure the total pelvic surface area (kidney zones plus hilum) of each species was expressed as a percent of its respective outer kidney surface area: R=25.0%, H=32.6%, M=48.7%, P=97.2%. The medullary tissue formed about 80% of the total pelvic surface area in each species while cortex and hilum formed the remaining 20%. The outer medulla had about twice as much surface area facing the pelvic urine as did the inner medulla. The amount of inner stripe of the outer medulla was greater than the outer stripe of the outer medulla as the following progression of ratios (mm2/mm2) shows: R=1.8, H=2.5, M=2.2, P=4.9. When the volume of the pelvic space and each kidney zone of each species was compared to the total volume of the respective kidney as a standard measure, it was determined that 1) the pelvic space was small being less than 5% of the total kidney volume, 2) the cortex was the largest kidney zone in all species: R=69.6%, H=68.1%, M=69.9%, P=51.6%, 3) the outer medulla was intermediate: R=25.8%, H=27.4%, M=23.1%, P=33.8%, 4) the inner medulla formed the smallest tissue zone in all species but was noticeably larger in P (10.7%) in comparison to the values for R=2.1%, H=2.5% and M=5.2%. The simultaneous increases (from R to H to M to P) in: a) relative inner medullary volume, b) relative pelvic surface area, c) maximum urine concentrating capacity (Schmidt-Nielsen and O'Dell 1961; Munkasci and Miklos 1977) may support earlier hypotheses which suggest that a back diffusion of pelvic urine solutes augments medullary interstitial tonicity and thus is an intergral part of the urine concentrating mechanism.
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  • 19
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    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 161 (1980), S. 169-195 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Monoamines ; Histofluorescence ; Brainstem ; Spinal cord ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of monoaminergic neurones in the medulla oblongata and the pons, and the distribution of catecholaminergic fibres in the spinal cord of the cat were investigated by means of formaldehyde-induced (FIF) or glyoxylic-acid-induced (GIF) fluorescence. Four groups of catecholamine (CA)-containing neurones were found in the following regions: (1) in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata within and adjacent to the lateral reticular nucleus, beginning slightly rostral to the medullo-spinal junction and extending rostrally to the cranial third of the inferior olive; (2) in the commissural, medial and lateral nucleus of the solitary tract; (3) cranial to the first group, closely adjacent to the facial nucleus and the superior olive; and (4) in the dorsolateral pons distributed to different nuclei, namely the nucleus coeruleus and subcoeruleus, the Koelliker-Fuse nucleus, and the medial and lateral parabrachial nuclei. The indoleamine (IA)-containing cell bodies were in general confined to the raphe nuclei, namely the nucleus raphe pallidus, nucleus raphe obscurus, nucleus raphe magnus, nucleus raphe pontis, nucleus raphe dorsalis and the central superior nucleus. A few IA-neurones were located more laterally, especially dorsal and lateral of the cranial half of the inferior olive, around the root of the hypoglossal nerve, in the lateral tegmental field and the pontine central gray. In the spinal cord most CA-fibres were found in the intermediolateral cell column. Another dense accumulation of CA-fibres was located dorsally and laterally of the central canal. The ventral and dorsal horns also contained CA-nervefibres which were slightly more numerous in the sacral spinal cord than in the more rostral parts of the spinal cord.
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  • 20
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    Anatomy and embryology 159 (1980), S. 181-198 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cat ; Locus coeruleus ; Neuroanatomy ; Cytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuronal cell bodies of the locus coeruleus (LC) and subcoeruleus (SC) of the cat were investigated using Nissl and Golgi preparations, and electron microscopy. On the basis of morphological criteria — size and shape of cell body, branching pattern of dentrites, distribution of cytoplasmic organelles and number of axosomatic synapses — four types of neuronal perikarya were recognized in each region: medium-sized, small-sized and two groups of intermediate-sized neurons. The medium-sized neurons (30–50 μm) had an elongated cell body, thick dendrites with a moderate number of branchings, abundant organelles arranged in concentric rings around the nucleus and a moderate number of axosomatic synapses. They were found throughout the LC and SC and most probably correspond to the larger class of catecholaminergic neurons demonstrated by fluorescence histochemistry. The small neurons (10–25 μm) were also seen in both LC and SC and are believed to represent non-monoaminergic local interneurons. They displayed sparsely branching dendrites and a thin rim of cytoplasm containing few organelles. In the SC, some of these small cells occurred in closely associated pairs. Ultrastructural analysis of such pairs revealed a close apposition (80–100 Å) of the cell membranes for long distances (up to 10 μm) and a narrowing of the intercellular space (30–40 Å) at some discrete points, perhaps indicative of an electrical interaction. The intermediate-sized neurons exhibited some regional morphological differences, but two distinct subgroups could be distinguished. One was characterized by a low number of axosomatic synapses, while the other exhibited a high number of such contacts. It may be assumed that the two subgroups of intermediate-sized neurons comprise catecholaminergic and indolaminergic neurons.
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  • 21
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    International archives of occupational and environmental health 45 (1980), S. 271-274 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Cadmium ; Kidney ; Environmental pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The exposure to cadmium and the kidney function of 60 women (more than 60 years old) who have lived in a cadmium-polluted area in Belgium have been compared with those of 70 women of the same age who have lived in another industrial area not polluted by cadmium. None of the subjects had been occupationally exposed to heavy metals. The group of women from the cadmium-polluted area (Liège) had a higher cadmium body burden as reflected by an increased excretion of cadmium in urine and a higher prevalence of signs of renal dysfunction than the women from the control area.
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  • 22
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    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 17-21 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Monocular deprivation ; Visual cortex ; Sensitive period
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirteen kittens were subjected to 10–12 days of unilateral eye closure at ages spaced regularly through the first 4 months after birth. At the end of each kitten's period of monocular vision, the degree of functional disconnection between the deprived eye and neurons in striate cortex was assessed by means of single-unit recording. When the proportion of cortical cells giving no response to stimulation through the deprived eye was analyzed as a function of the kitten's age at the onset of eye closure, it was found that the effectiveness of monocular deprivation rose prior to postnatal day 28, remained high through day 48 and then subsided gradually, probably persisting at least through the end of the fourth postnatal month. The degree of functional modifiability persisting in the visual cortex of older kittens may be related to the initial ocular dominance of each neuron. Cells responsive exclusively to the deprived eye prior to deprivation probably do not acquire functional input from the nondeprived eye in kittens older than 48 days, for a normal proportion of such cells is encountered after the period of eye closure. Conversely, cells dominated by the nondeprived eye probably are most likely to lose their input from the deprived eye, as indicated by the columnar organization of cells not responsive to the deprived eye.
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  • 23
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    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 177-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Visual cortex ; Cat ; Areas 17 and 18 ; Velocity sensitivity ; Magnification factor ; Vertical meridian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes in velocity sensitivity, receptive field (RF) position, and RF size were investigated in long oblique penetrations crossing the 17–18 border. The penetrations were histologically reconstructed and the border determined by cytoarchitectonics. In cortex subserving central and paracentral vision change in velocity sensitivity allowed a reasonable physiological identification of the 17–18 border. The physiological border correlates well with the histological border zone, best with its medial edge. Changes in RF position and RF size are of little use for physiological identification of the border in this region. In this cortical region area 18 representation of the vertical meridian (VM) has a high magnification factor. In cortex subserving peripheral vision, the change in velocity sensitivity was small and the change in RF position coincided with the cytoarchitectonics.
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  • 24
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    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 149-164 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Jaw reflexes ; Cerebral cortex ; Cytoarchitectonic areas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex on the monosynaptic jaw closing and the disynaptic jaw opening reflexes were studied in cats anaesthetized with chloralose. The time course of the reflex effects was recorded. Similar rhythmic sequences of facilitation and inhibition were observed in both reflexes (Fig. 3). The sequence could start with facilitation or inhibition. The latency of the initial effects was short (2.5 ms) indicating a minimum of two synapses in the descending path. The period of the rhythmic sequence was approximately 10 ms. Optimal parameters for the conditioning cortical stimuli were found to be: trains of 3–5 surface anodal pulses, 0.5 ms, 400 Hz. The threshold of the cortical effects on the reflexes was 0.3 mA. A single pulse evoked effects. The cortical origin of the effects was located and related to the somatosensory projections, and to the cytoarchitecture. The effects of largest amplitude and most complex time course were evoked from the oral and perioral projections to areas 3a and 3b. Effects evoked from areas 4γ, 5a, and 6aβ were less complex and of lower amplitude. It is suggested that a trigemino-cortico-trigeminal loop via 3a may function in reflex modulation of the jaw movements. In addition area 3a may contribute to cortico-cortical motor elaborations via U-fiber connections to area 4γ.
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  • 25
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    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 146-153 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Microelectrode technique ; Splanchnic mechanoreceptors ; Gall bladder ; Cat ; Microélectrode mecanarecepteurs splanchniques ; Vesicule biliaire ; Chat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but de ce travail est l'étude électrophysiologique des mécanorécepteurs de la vésicule biliaire. L'activité unitaire des neurones est enregistrée au moyen de microélectrodes de verre extracellulaires implantées dans les ganglions spinaux (T6-L1). Deux types de mécanorécepteurs ont été mis en évidence par stimulation punctiforme. Mécanorécepteurs musculaires a) Des récepteurs à adaptation lente localisés dans l'ensemble du tractus biliaire, sensibles à la distension. b) Des récepteurs à adaptation rapide, localisés dans la vésicule biliaire, mis en jeu par la phase dynamique de la stimulation. Ces récepteurs sont connectés avec des fibres C. Mécanorécepteurs péritonéaux a) Des corpuscules de Pacini, localisés dans le mésentère entourant le tractus biliaire. b) Des récepteurs à adaptation lente (récepteurs de mouvement), localisés dans la séreuse de la vésicule biliaire et le péritoine péricystique et péricholédocien. Les corpuscules de Pacini sont connectés avec des fibres Aβ, les récepteurs de mouvement avec des fibres Aγδ et B.
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present paper is to study the electrophysiology of splanchnic gall bladder mechanoreceptors. The neurons unitary activity is recorded by means of glass extracellular microelectrodes implanted in the spinal ganglion (T6-L1). Two types of mechanoreceptors have been revealed by punctiform stimulations. Muscular Mechanoreceptors a) Slowly-adapting receptors, located in the whole biliary tract, sensitive to distension. b) Rapidly-adapting receptors, located in the gall bladder, recruited during the dynamic phases of stimulation. These receptors connected with C fibers. Peritoneal Mechanoreceptors a) Pacinian corpuscles, located in the mesentery surrounding the biliary tract. b) Slowly-adapting receptors (movement receptors), located in the serosa of the gall bladder and the pericystic and pericholedochal peritoneum. Pacinian corpuscles are connected with Aβ fibers, movement receptors with Aγδ and B fibres.
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  • 26
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    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 203-208 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cortico-caudate neurones ; Premotor area ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The organization of the cortico-caudate projection neurones in the cerebral cortex was demonstrated by utilizing retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the cat. Following injection of HRP into the head portion of the caudate nucleus, cortical labelled cells with HRP could be divided into two groups, consisting of smaller and larger pyramidal neurones. The location of the smaller neurones in the cortex was mainly in layer III, while that of the larger neurones was exclusively in layer V. In the cerebral cortex ipsilateral to the HRP-injected side, labelled cells belonging to the smaller group were distributed mostly in area 6 and occasionally in areas 4 and 5. Labelled cells belonging to the larger group were located exclusively in area 6. In the contralateral cortex, labelled cells were all smaller in size and distributed only in area 6. Referring to recent physiological as well as anatomical data, the smaller, labelled pyramidal cells were considered to be the proper, direct cortico-caudate neurones. The larger, labelled pyramidal cells were regarded as cortico-caudate projection neurones also sending axons to the lower brains tern and/or the spinal cord. The results of the present study indicate the existence of a close relationship between area 6 (premotor area) of the cerebral cortex and the caudate nucleus.
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  • 27
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    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 209-220 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thalamus ; Visual system ; HRP ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present experiments were undertaken to define the areas of projection of pretectum and superior colliculus to the pulvinar and n. lateralis posterior, respectively, and to define other brain stem structures projecting to these thalamic nuclei in cats. For this purpose the technique of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used. After injection of the enzyme in the pulvinar, neurons were labeled in all subdivisions of the pretectal area. The majority of the labeled cells were located in the n. pretectalis posterior and n. tractus opticus although cells filled with HRP were present also in the n. pretectalis anterior pars compacta and area pretectalis medialis. Neurons projecting to the pulvinar were also found in the periaqueductal gray, reticular formation and locus coeruleus. When HRP was injected in the n. lateralis posterior, labeled neurons were present in the II and III subdivisions of the second layer of the superior colliculus. The location of these cells shifted from medial to lateral as the injections were shifted from posterior to anterior within the lateralis posterior. Neurons projecting to this nucleus were also present in the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus, lateral hypothalamus and parabigeminal nucleus. The possible role of the pretectal area and superior colliculus in mediating somesthetic input to the pulvinar and lateralis posterior, respectively, and the role of these structures in the control of ocular movements, are discussed.
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  • 28
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    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 23-34 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pyramidal tract ; MI ; SI ; SII ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cortical distribution of the cells of origin of the dorsolateral and the ventral corticospinal tracts was studied in cat. This was done by making subtotal spinal transections, which in different experiments spared different portions of one ventral or one lateral funiculus at C5–C7. One week later horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections were made one segment caudal to the lesion and the cortical distribution of the HRP labeled neurons was studied. Thus, it was found that the dorsolateral corticospinal tract at C5–C7 is composed of crossed and uncrossed fibers in a ratio of about 10 ∶ 1, while the ventral corticospinal tract, which contains much fewer cortical fibers, is composed of crossed and uncrossed fibers in a ratio of approximately 1 ∶ 1. Further, the primary motor cortex (area 4) was found to contribute fibers to both the crossed and the uncrossed dorsolateral corticospinal tract as well as to both the crossed and the uncrossed ventral corticospinal tract. The primary somatosensory cortex (area 3a, 3b, 1–2, 5a, 5b) as well as the secondary somatosensory cortex (area 2 pre-insularis), on the other hand, were found to contribute fibers mainly to the crossed dorsolateral tract. Area 4 was found to display a further organization, such that it contains a medial and a lateral part, both of which contribute mainly fibers to the crossed dorsolateral tract, while the remainder of area 4 contributes fibers to the crossed and uncrossed dorsolateral as well as to the crossed and uncrossed ventral tracts.
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  • 29
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    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 305-310 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Squint amblyopia ; Visual cortex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In two dark reared, 40 day old kittens unilateral divergent squint was induced be resecting the insertion of the medial rectus muscle. Behavioural testing revealed that the kittens used only the normal eye for fixation. Contrast sensitivity functions of the two eyes and visual acuity were determined behaviourally in a jumping stand whereby the kittens had to discriminate sine-wave gratings or variable spatial frequency and contrast from a flux equated homogeneous field. At photopic luminance levels the deviated eye showed a significant deficit in both kittens. This impairment was apparent over the whole range of spatial frequencies (0.18–0.99 c/deg) except for the lowest spatial frequency in one kitten. The interocular difference of visual acuity disappeared at scotopic luminance levels. In subsequent electrophysiological experiments contrast sensitivity functions were determined from cortical evoked potentials that were elicited by phase reversing square wave gratings. Comparison between behavioural and electrophysiological results revealed a very good correspondence between the two sets of data. It is concluded that exotropia without alternating fixation leads to functional amblyopia of the deviated eye.
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  • 30
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    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 358-360 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Mechanical stimulation ; Cristae ampullares ; Vestibular ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present report describes a bidirectional mechanical stimulation technique of cristae ampullares in the cat. Bimodal field potentials are seen in the vestibular nerve and nucleus after an excitatory stimulus. This technique should allow an in vivo and selective study of the vestibular receptors in mammals.
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  • 31
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    Pflügers Archiv 384 (1980), S. 149-153 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Inorganic phosphate ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Kidney ; Brush borders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alkaline phosphatase activity in renal cortex homogenates and in isolated brush border membrane vesicles was compared with the rates of sodium-dependent transport of inorganic phosphate (Pi) by isolated brush border membranes. Brush border membrane vesicles were isolated from renal cortical homogenates of rats adapted during a period of 5–7 weeks to diets with different dietary contents of Pi (low Pi diet=0.15 g%, high Pi diet=2.0 g%). Alkaline phosphatase activity was not increased in the low Pi diet group as compared to the standard Pi diet group but was reduced in the high Pi diet group. Sodium-dependent transport of Pi was increased 2–3-fold in the low Pi diet group as compared to the standard Pi diet group, whereas transport activity was only unsignificantly decreased in the high Pi diet group. Studying kinetik parameters in the two extreme dietary groups it has been found that these differences are due to alteredV max of the transport activity as well as of alkaline phosphatase activity. TheK m for both activities remained unaltered. Alkaline phosphatase activity and transport of Pi in brush border membrane vesicles were also compared in the presence of EDTA or Zn2+ at concentrations which inhibit alkaline phosphatase activity. Transport of Pi was not affected by the inhibitors even when alkaline phosphatase was inhibited by more than 70% (0.5 mmol/l Zn2+) or completely (0.5 mmol/l EDTA). The experiments suggest that no correlation between alkaline phosphatase activity and transport of Pi exists in isolated brush border membrane vesicles.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Statistical model ; Cat ; Retina ; Ganglion cell layer ; Neuronal diameter spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Multimodal soma diameter spectra for neurones of the cat retinal ganglion cell layer have been represented by three subpopulations of independent, normal diameter distribution. Recurrent computation according to the technique of Vibert and Caille (1978) has extracted best fit populations for samples from various regions of central and peripheral retina. The model subpopulations from all these regions did not differ significantly in their relative proportions or variance. Significant progressive variation between subpopulations representing different regions of retina were observed only in the mean diameter of the α and β mode cells. The parameters of the γ mode population were statistically uniform across the retina. The cat retina thus appears to be more homogeneously organized than has been suggested elsewhere.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cat ; Neurotoxic esterase ; Diisopropylfluorophosphate ; Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride ; Neuropathy ; Prevention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A delayed localized neuropathy of peripheral nerves in a single hind leg of the cat develops after a single intraarterial 2 mg/kg injection of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). This neuropathy is manifested by a maximum loss of the capacity of soleus α-motor nerve terminals to generate stimulus-bound repetition 21 days after DFP exposure. Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) is a protective inhibitor of the neurotoxic esterase which is associated with the development of the delayed organophosphorus neuropathy. Pretreatment of cats with PMSF (30 mg/kg i.p.) 24 h before the DFP injection protected the cats from the delayed neuropathy. No clinical neurotoxic signs were observed at 21 days after DFP. The stimulus-bound repetitive capacity of soleus α-motor nerve terminals was not lost at this time and its incidence was much greater than that which occurred in cats not pretreated with PMSF.
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  • 34
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    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 1099-1104 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Juvenile Hypertonie ; Niere ; Prostaglandine ; Kallikrein ; Renin ; Juvenile hypertension ; Kidney ; Prostaglandins ; Kallikrein ; Renin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Essential hypertension in infancy, once believed to occur rarely if ever, is now increasingly recognized as a potential precursor of essential hypertension in adulthood. The mechanisms responsible for hypertension in childhood and adolescence are only beginning to be delineated. Renal factors assumed to be operative in juvenile hypertension are involving either volume control (by renal regulation of sodium-chloride and water balance) or vasoactive substances like the kallikrein-kinin, the renin-angiotensin and the prostaglandin system and other less well defined hormones. There is a close interrelationship of all these hormones with each other as well as a close linking of these vasoactive compounds to the renal regulation of sodium-chloride and water balance, thus interfering with a major environmental factor necessary for the development of essential hypertension. At present, data are insufficient to delineate a single hormone or a single hemodynamic abnormality as the only primary factor in juvenile hypertension. Further research into the pathomechanisms responsible for the elevation of blood pressure at its very beginning will improve our understanding of hypertension and possibly benefit its management by early intervention.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Abweichend von früheren Auffassungen wird heute zunehmend die essentielle Hypertonie als eine Erkrankung auch des Kindes- und Jugendalters angesehen, aus der sich später die essentielle Hypertonie des Erwachsenen entwickelt. Die zur Entstehung der juvenilen Hypertonie führenden Pathomechanismen wurden in klinischen, epidemiologischen und tierexperimentellen Studien untersucht. Zu den renalen Mechanismen, die wahrscheinlich bei der Entstehung der juvenilen Hypertonie eine Rolle spielen, gehören Faktoren, die die renale Kontrolle der Salz-Wasser-Bilanz beeinflussen und vasoaktive Substanzen wie das renale Kallikrein-Kinin-System, das Renin-Angiotensin-System, das Prostaglandin-System und andere bislang weniger gut definierte Hormone. Diese renalen Hormone haben zahlreiche Wechselwirkungen untereinander. Neben ihren direkten Wirkungen auf die Gefäßwand können sie die Salz-Wasser-Bilanz beeinflussen bzw. werden von ihr beeinflußt, wodurch eine enge Verbindung mit Kochsalz, dem wohl entscheidendsten Umweltfaktor für die Entstehung der essentiellen Hypertonie, hergestellt ist. Fortgesetzte Bemühungen um die Aufklärung insbesondere der renalen Pathomechanismen, die am Beginn der Blutdruckerhöhung im Kindes- und Jugendalter wirksam sind, werden das Verständnis der essentiellen Hypertonie verbessern und unter Umständen durch frühzeitige Intervention sogar die Prävention dieser Erkrankung ermöglichen.
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  • 35
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    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 228 (1980), S. 117-133 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Afferent visual system ; Retinal lesions ; Functional neuroplasticity ; Cat ; Afferentes Sehsystem ; Netzhautläsionen ; Funktionelle Neuroplastizität ; Katze
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei erwachsenen Katzen wurden Schichten des Corpus geniculatum laterale (CGL) vollständig oder teilweise durch monoculäre, genau definierte Photokoagulatorläsionen der Netzhaut deafferentiert. Mit Mikroelektroden wurden Einzelneurone aus einer experimentell veränderten Schicht mit Kontrollneuronen aus einer normalinnervierten Schicht des CGL eines Versuchstieres verglichen. Nach Unterbrechung aller Afferenzen eines Auges durch Photokoagulation stieg die anfangs stark verringerte Spontanaktivität in der deafferentierten Schicht an, ohne normale Entladungsraten innerhalb von 10 Wochen wieder zu erreichen. Das Muster von Erregung und Hemmung nach Lichtreizung des nicht-dominanten, gesunden Auges hatte sich zu dieser Zeit völlig verändert. Bei begrenzten, nasalen Netzhautläsionen fanden sich beginnend etwa 27 Tage nach der Koagulation in den Randbezirken der partiellen, visuellen Deafferentierung lichterregbare Zellen mit verschobenen rezeptiven Feldern, denen eine läsionsinduzierte Erregungsausbreitung um maximal 200 μm im CGL zugrunde lag. Kleine, runde Netzhautläsionen bedingten anfänglich eine vollständige, visuelle Deafferentierung eines bestimmten CGL-Bezirks. Nach 30 und mehr Tagen wurde visuelle Erregung aus der normal innervierten Umgebung an Zellen gefunden, die in den ersten Tagen nach der Koagulation unerregbar waren. So wurde bei unveränderter Größe der retinalen Läsion ihre Repräsentation im CGL deutlich verkleinert. Die Befunde weisen im subcorticalen visuellen System der erwachsenen Katze auf läsionsinduzierte Reorganisation hin, die das System zu einer gewissen Kompensation nach Verlust visueller Eingänge befähigen könnte. Eine Übertragbarkeit der Befunde auf die Humanpathophysiologie wird kritisch diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of mature cats were completely or partially deafferentated by precisely defined photocoagulation of the retina. Single neuron recordings were performed with microelectrodes from an experimentally modified layer and compared with neurons from a normally innervated layer in the same animal. The spontaneous activity of cells after monocular deafferentation was severely reduced in the beginning and increased subsequently without reaching normal values within ten weeks. At this time the pattern of excitation and inhibition after light stimulation of the nondominant unsevered eye had completely changed. Twenty-seven days and later after coagulation of a part of the nasal retina light-excitable cells with displaced receptive fields were found in the LGN in the border region of the partial visual deafferentation. This indicated a lesion-induced lateral expansion of excitation by up to 200 μm within the LGN. Small, round retinal lesions initially caused a complete visual deafferentation of a certain region in the LGN. After 30 days and later visual excitation from the normally innervated surrounding was observed in cells which were not light-excitable during the first days after coagulation. Thus, while the retinal lesion itself did not substantially change, its representation within the LGN was distinctly reduced. The results indicate lesion-induced reorganization in the subcortical visual system of the adult cat. This might enable the system to a certain degree of compensation after loss of visual inputs. The transferability of these results to human pathophysiology has to be critically considered.
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  • 36
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    Journal of neurology 222 (1980), S. 145-157 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Dialysis ; Dementia ; Encephalopathy ; Kidney ; Transplant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten, die über lange Zeiträume hämodialysiert wurden, wurde bisher in insgesamt 60 Fällen eine progrediente und letal endende Enzephalopathie beschrieben. Eine Analyse dieser Falldarstellungen zeigt, daß die mittlere Dauer der Dialyse vor Beginn der Symptome 2,5 Jahre betrug und die mittlere Dauer des Verlaufes bis zum Tode 6,3 Monate. Die häufigsten klinischen Symptome sind Kommunikationsstörungen (87%), Störungen der Wahrnehmungen (66%) und der Bewegungen (93%). In allen Fällen sind nichtspezifische elektroenzephalographische Anomalies vorhanden. Möglicherweise steht die Störung in Zusammenhang mit noch nicht geklärten Stoffwechselanomalien. Es ist keine wirksame Therapie bekannt.
    Notes: Summary Sixty cases of distinctive progressive and fatal encephalopathy have been reported in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. An analysis of their records reveals that mean duration of hemodialysis prior to onset is 2.5 years, while mean duration of clinical course until death is 6.3 months. The most frequent clinical manifestations include disturbances in communication (87%), cognition (66%) and movement (93%). Nonspecific electroencephalographic abnormalities are present in all cases. The condition is possibly related to some yet unidentified metabolic disorder. There is no effective therapy.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Boron ; Foliar nutrition ; Nuclear reactions ; Transport (boron) ; Trifolium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is severely inhibited by boron starvation, but a foliar treatment with boric acid can transitorily alleviate the deficiency symptoms. The 10B(n ,α)7 Li nuclear reaction has been used to study boron transport in the plant after foliar application. More than 98% of the boron supplied remained at the point where it was applied to the leaves, and less than 2% was useful to the growth of the treated plant. This small “efficient” portion of boron was quite mobile. It was distributed to the different parts of the plant, then was transferred from the oldest parts to the newly formed leaves. Physiological and agronomical implications of these data are discussed.
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  • 38
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    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 312 (1980), S. 77-83 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Diuresis ; Renal blood flow ; Sympathetic activity ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of intravenous (i.v.) and intraarterial (i.a.) injection and infusion of dopamine (DA) on renal hemodynamics, regional sympathetic activity and kidney function were investigated in anaesthetized cats. In response to the i.v. bolus injection of DA (25 μg/kg), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was increased by 19.7%, renal blood flow (RBF) by 16.6%, and regional sympathetic discharges were inhibited. The principal effect of i.a. bolus injection of DA into the renal artery was vasoconstriction. Vasodilation was observed neither after lower doses of DA nor after pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine. During continuous i.v. infusion of 10 μg DA kg−1 min−1 MABP, RBF, renal sympathetic discharges and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change, whereas urine volume was increased by 120.5%, sodium excretion by 99.7%, chloride excretion by 143.2%, and potassium excretion by 31.9%. Urine osmolality was decreased and osmolal clearance increased. Raising the DA dose to 25 μg kg−1 min−1 resulted in a fall of GFR, but the diuretic response was not significantly different from that of the low dose. Bulbocapnine (6 mg/kg i.v.) antagonized the DA-induced diuresis. In conclusion, the diuretic effect of DA in the cat is not dependent on a change in RBF, GFR or renal sympathetic activity. This suggests that a tubular site of action is primarily responsible for DA diuresis.
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  • 39
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    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 312 (1980), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Central blood pressure control ; Cat ; Guanylyl-imido-diphosphate ; Cyclic guanosine monophosphate ; Intracerebroventricular administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Injections of guanylyl-imido-diphosphate (250, 500 and 1,000 μg/kg) into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the anaesthetized cat induced increases in blood pressure and heart rate while the intravenous injections of the same doses were ineffective, thus indicating a central mechanism of action of this compound which activates adenylcyclase at the catalytic subunit. The results support the hypothesis that the activity of cardiovascular centres depends on the prevailing concentration of cAMP. Intracerebroventricular injection of cGMP (125, 250 and 500 μg/kg) caused hypotension and bradycardia. The effects increased with the dose but were subject to tachyphylaxis. The lack of an effect after intravenous administration indicates a central site of action. This result is in agreement with the Yin Yang hypothesis and suggests that cGMP is a second transmitter in cardiovascular centres which may be involved in central cardiovascular effects in response to stimulation by putative neurotransmitter substances such as acetylcholine.
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  • 40
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    Virchows Archiv 386 (1980), S. 189-200 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Haemodialysis ; Kidney ; Cystic transformation ; Neoplastic transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study, the kidneys of patients who had been on maintenance haemodialysis for variable periods of time were examined at autopsy. In 21 of the 22 patients, multiple pinhead-size to pea-size, nonloculated cysts were observed both in the cortex and the medulla. In some of the cysts (4/20 patients), papillary adenomata were observed which were visible by light microscopy in 3 cases and macroscopically in 1 case. Clinical complications resulting from haemorrhage or neoplastic transformation were not observed in any of the patients of this series. Similar cysts, smaller in size and fewer in number, were also observed in kidneys of uraemic patients who had not been dialysed. Thus, the lesion does not appear to be a specific consequence of maintenance haemodialysis. It appears more likely that extensive cystic transformation of the kidneys of patients in terminal renal failure is made possible by prolonged survival on maintenance haemodialysis. The possibility of malignant transformation of the papillomata cannot be refuted, but epidemiological surveys fail to document more frequent occurrence of renal carcinoma in dialysed patients.
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  • 41
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    Cell & tissue research 210 (1980), S. 485-492 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Collecting tubules ; Dark cells ; Kidney ; Castration ; Nuclear changes ; Nuclear bodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following castration, the nucleus of the dark cells of the subcortical portions of the collecting tubules in the rat kidney showed two types of morphological alterations: 1) Decomposition of the nuclear membrane in a circumscribed area. This phenomenon is independent of the sex of the animal and becomes more frequent up to the 30th day after castration. Occasionally, decomposed nuclei can also be observed in controls. 2) Giant nuclear bodies. These inclusions occurred only in castrated males. Early stages were already observed at the 10th day after orchiectomy, whereas fully developed giant nuclear bodies could not be demonstrated until about the 20th day after castration.
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  • 42
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    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 229 (1980), S. 55-68 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Erbliche Taubheit ; Katze ; Elektronenmikroskop ; Membrana tectoria ; Hereditary deafness ; Cat ; Electron microscopy ; Tectorial membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The tectorial membrane is affected at an early stage of the cochlear degeneration in the hereditarily deaf white cat. The membrane first descends towards the organ of Corti with obliteration of the intervening sub-tectorial space in the basal coil during the second post-natal week. Both the microvilli of supporting and Hensen's cells, and the hair cell stereocilia make deep indentations on the under-surface of the membrane. Cells are found insinuated between the tectorial membrane and Corti's organ, and numerous cellular processes occur within the former. A phagocytic function would appear probable for these cells, which seem to originate from the internal sulcus region. The membrane is retracted into the latter around the 2-month stage. At all ages, small spherical structures, which may represent altered interdental cell secretions, are found within the membrane, these becoming calcified in older animals.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Veränderungen in der Membrana tectoria treten in einer frühen Phase der cochlearen Degeneration bei der weißen Katze mit erblicher Taubheit auf. Die Membran bewegt sich erst gegen das Cortische Organ mit Obliteration des dazwischenliegenden subtectorialen Raumes in der zweiten postnatalen Woche. Sowohl die Mikrovilli der Hensenschen Zellen und die der Stützzellen als die Stereozilien der Haarzellen machen tiefe Eindrücke auf der Unterseite der Membran. Zellen sind zwischen Membrana tectoria und dem Cortischen Organ gefunden, und viele zellulare Prozesse entstehen innerhalb Membrana tectoria. Eine phagocytotische Funktion würde für diese Zellen möglich sein, die aus der Region des Sulcus internus zu stammen scheinen. Bei älteren Tieren ist die Membran gegen den Sulcus internus retraktiert. Für alle Altersstufen findet man kleine spherischen Strukturen, die veränderte interdentale Zellensekrete vertreten können. Diese Strukturen werden innerhalb der Membran gefunden, und sind bei älteren Tieren verkalkt.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The results of calculations of the transition energies and polarization in nucleotide bases performed by the CNDO/S CI method are compared with experimental data for long-wavelength and vacuumabsorption bands. The calculations and the analysis of experimental data testify to the existence of n - π* transitions in the first absorption bands of the bases. The study of double-stranded polynucleotides and DNA hypochromism based on the theoretical electronic characteristics of the bases and perturbation theory is performed. The role of stacking and complementary interactions within the hypochromic effect is cleared up. Two mechanisms for the shift of the fluorescence band maximum are investigated: two-proton transfer along H bonds and excimer formation. The study of H-bond potential curves shows the disadvantage of two-proton phototautomerism in the nucleotide base pairs in contrast to model systems. The possibility of excimer state formation in stacked homo- and heterodimers of nucleotide bases is shown within the extended-Hückel treatment. The nature of excimer minimum for the excited-state potential curve is analyzed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 44
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 531-547 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) equations are derived up to the second order when the system is perturbed by a monochromatic plane wave. The solutions of the equations are subjected to the orthonormalization conditions satisfied by the orbitals. In the equations, these conditions are expressed by the appearing of coefficients λjkn,ε playing the part of Lagrangian multipliers. Relations between the coefficients λjkn,ε are established. These relations are equivalent to the above-mentioned orthonormalization conditions. This equivalence enables us to substitute for the solution of an integrodifferential equation system subject to constraint conditions, that of a free system. The TDHF equations obtained determine the first- and second-order orbital perturbations, which no doubt verify the orthonormalization conditions. These orbitals can be used in the calculation, up to second order, of different nonlinear optical effects.
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  • 45
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 596-596 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 46
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 619-629 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pair correlation in the ground state of the Li isoelectronic sequence is studied through four approximate wave functions which incorporate inter- and intrashell pair correlation. Of these functions, two possess symmetry appropriate to a three-electron system, while two do not. The functions are not variational functions in the usual sense. They are instead fixed linear combinations of products of orbitals and pair functions for the appropriate states of two-electron atoms. They are considered here as zero-order approximations to the exact wave functions, and the corresponding zero-order Hamiltonians are obtained. The simplest of these functions is improved by the introduction of a screening parameter for the “outer” electron. This latter function is found to be a satisfactory compromise between accuracy and simplicity and is proposed for study via higher-order perturbation theory.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 47
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 599-608 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations of various expectation energies have been made for the reactant and product species in six reactions that involve only small linear molecules. The reactions include fission by hydrogen, addition of hydrogen, exchange of triply bonded atoms, fluorination, and oxygen atom transfer. The change in total electronic energy is not invariably the result of changes in inner shell energy and outer shell σ- and π-electron energies simply augmenting each other, but in several cases there is a complex interplay of opposing effects. This approach gives a different insight into the energetic aspects of changes in bonding from that derived from the concept of shared electron pairs in σ and π bonds together with lone pairs in valence shells. Changes in π-electron energy are shown to be important in a reaction in which neither reactant nor product molecules contain π bonds in the usual chemical sense. While in a reaction in which there is a complete change in the nature of the triple bonds, and hence the π bonding, the change in π-electron energy makes a smaller contribution than either the change in inner shell or the outer shell σ-electron energies.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We use a previously proposed variation-perturbation method to calculate the electric polarizabilities and the electric dipole moment at equilibrium nuclear distance of the BH molecule. We obtain 3.56 × 10-24 cm3 for the perpendicular polarizability αxx and 3.22 × 10-24 cm3 for the parallel polarizability αzz. Our result for the electric dipole moment μ0 is 1.734 debye units; there is no reliable experimental result to compare it with.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 49
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 549-586 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The resonance energy of conjugated benzenoid systems is expressed as contributions arising from independent conjugated circuits. The scheme has been applied to numerous very large conjugated systems. In many cases, it was possible to find regularities in the increments for the resonance energy within a family of benzenoid systems as the number of benzene rings is increased.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 50
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 595-595 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 51
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 609-618 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A previously given iterative procedure to improve wave functions is analyzed. Its relationship with other well-known approximation methods is investigated. Hypervirial operators depending on a real parameter are proposed and their connection with the employment of an infinite number of hypervirial relations is analyzed. A way to use formulas that are valid for exact eigenfunctions in the case of approximate functions is presented. Formal results are applied to the harmonic oscillator and hydrogen atom models in order to show their practical utilization.
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  • 52
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 651-671 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio MO calculations, using both minimal (STO-3G) and extended (Roos-Siegbahn) basis sets are reported for the systems methanethiol-imidazole, methanethiol-imidazole-formaldehyde, and methanethiol-imidazole-formamide, which, together with a point-change representation of a long α-helix, form models for the active site of papain. It is shown that the large electric field exerted by the helix in the active-site region is responsible for the presence of the essential residues Cys 25 and His 159 in the form of an ion pair RS- ··· ImH+, which is crucial for a recently proposed mechanism for the catalytic action of the enzyme. Also, an explanation is given for the anomalies in measured pK values for these residues. Detailed studies on the (sub)systems show that minimal basis sets lack the flexibility necessary for describing the type of proton transfer involved. We conclude that α-helices are essential parts of enzymes and that they play a significant role in the catalytic process.
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  • 53
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 679-687 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A generalization of optimized diatomics-in-molecules method that provides an accurate treatment of overlap integrals is presented. The possibilities of the method to reproduce potential surfaces of the 4B2, 2B2, and 2A1 states of the H3 molecule are investigated. It is shown that satisfactory results can be achieved only for a single state under consideration, but not for the three states simultaneously.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 54
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 719-724 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio SCF calculations carried out on the planar cluster CuCl42- suggest that the strong satellites at the high-binding energy side of inner-shell ESCA lines of Cu are due to charge relaxations in the σ-bonding orbitals which mix with Cu 3d. The satellite state with the largest intensity may be described as a one-electron excitation Cu 3d → Cl 3p.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 55
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 975-982 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A modification of the overlap approximation for triplet pair correlation energies is presented. The modification allows the use of either the canonical absolute overlap or the minimum absolute overlap. When applied to the b 3∑u+ state of H2, this approximation reproduces the observed correlation energy to within 0.0002 hartree (or ±3%) for all internuclear distances from 1.3 bohr to infinity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 56
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1039-1041 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 57
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1042-1042 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 58
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1069-1074 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Le rǒle de la nonadditivité pour l'énergie d'interaction entre trois molécules de LiH a été examiné dans le cadre de la méthode ab-initio-SCF. La partie nonadditive de l'énergie d'interaction est plus importante pour une structure cyclique que pour un trimère linéaire; elle est stabilisante dans les deux cas. La valeur du rapport entre les termes à deux et à trois corps pour des points différents sur l'hypersurface de l'énergie est discutée.
    Abstract: Die Bedeutung der Nichtadditivität in der Wechselwirkungsenergie zwischen drei LiH-Molekülen ist im Rahmen des ab-initio-SCF-Verfahrens untersucht worden. Der nichtadditive Teil der Wechselwirkungsenergie ist wichtiger für eine zyklische Struktur als in einem linearen Trimer; er ist in beiden Fallen stabilisierend. Das Verhältnis zwischen Zwei- und Dreikörperglieder für verschiedene Punkte auf der Energiehyperfläche wird diskutiert.
    Notes: The role of nonadditivity of the interaction energy between three LiH molecules was investigated within the SCF ab initio framework. The nonadditive part of the interaction energy is more important in the case of a cyclic structure than in a linear trimer, and is stabilizing in both cases. The value of the ratio of three-body and two-body terms for different points on the energy hypersurface is discussed.
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  • 59
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1099-1109 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Des développments gaussiens complètement optimisés des fonctions hydrogénoïdes de type 1s, 2pz, 3dxy, et 4fxyz ont été pratiquement reproduits par une construction spéciale des paramètres variationnels. L'utilité des fonctions génératrices utilisées est discutée brièvement.
    Abstract: Vollständig optimisierte Gaussentwicklungen wasserstoffähnlicher Funktionen von Typ 1s, 2pz, 3dxy, und 4fxyz sind mittels eines speziellen Verfahrens für die bestimmung der Variationsparameter praktisch reproduziert worden. Der Nutzen der angewandten erzeugenden Funktionen wird kurz diskutiert.
    Notes: Fully optimized lengthy Gaussian expansions of hydrogenic 1s and 2pz functions have been practically reproduced by generating the variational parameters by means of suitably chosen functions involving only few parameters. Hydrogenic 3dxy and 4fxyz functions have been approximated in a similar way. The usefulness of such generating functions is briefly discussed.
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  • 60
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1125-1141 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: L'approximation HF présentée dans la partie I a été testée par rapport à plusieurs propriétés moléculaires. Trois niveaux d'aproximation différents a, b, et c sont considérés. Des résultats satisfaisants - en comparaison avec des calculs HF “exacts” - sont obtenus avec la base STO-3G et le niveau a. A ce niveau-ci l'erreur dans l'énergie de liaison est de 0.001-0.025 a.u. pour toutes les molécules considérées, qui contiennent jusqu'à six atomes de la première ligne comme par exemple le cyclopentanone (C5OH8). L'erreur dans les énergies de réaction traitées ici est d'environ 4 kcal/mol (l'erreur maximale est de 9 kcal/mol). Les énergies orbitalaires, les moments dipolaires, les charges brutes, les géométries d'équilibres et les barrières de rotation interne sont bien reproduits par notre méthode à tous les trois niveaux.
    Abstract: Die HF-Näherungsmethode, welche im Teil I vorgestellt wurde, wird an einigen Moleküleigenschaften getestet. Drei Näherungsstufen a, b, und c werden untersucht. Zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse - verglichen mit entsprechenden “exakten” HF-Rechnungen - erhält man mit der STO-3G Basis und der Näherungsstufe a. Bei dieser Näherung ist der Fehler in der Bindungsenergie 0.001-0.025 a.u. für alle untersuchten Moleküle, welche bis zu 6 Atome der 1. Reihe enthalten, wie z.B. Cyclopentanon (C5OH8). Der Fehler in den hier behandelten Reaktionsenergien beträgt etwa 4 kcal/mol (der maximale Fehler beträgt 9 kcal/mol). Orbitalenergien, Diplolmomente, Bruttoladungen, Gleichgewichtsgeometrien und Rotationsbarrieren werden durch die Näherungsmethode bei allen Näherungsstufen gut wiedergegeben.
    Notes: The HF approximation method that was outlined in Paper I is tested with respect to several molecular properties. Three different levels of approximation a, b, and c are considered. Satisfactory results - compared to corresponding “exact” HF calculations - are obtained with the STO-3G basis and the approximation level a. At this level the error in the binding energy is 0.001-0.025 a.u. for all considered molecules which contain up to six first-row atoms as, e.g., cyclopentanone (C5OH8). The error in the reaction energies considered here is about 4 kcal/mol (the maximal error is 9 kcal/mol). Orbital energies, dipole moments, gross charges, equilibrium geometries, and barriers to internal rotation are well reproduced by the approximation method at all three levels.
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  • 61
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 995-1006 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of side-chain disorder on the electronic structure of proteins has been investigated in the case of polypeptides containing two or three different amino acid residues. It has been found that due to the different potentials of different side-chain groups, the original valence and conduction bands of the homopolypeptides are split into narrow bands. The comparison of the densities of electronic states in simple homopolypeptides and in composite polymers shows that new forbidden regions in the energy spectrum of proteins may develop. The consequences of these effects for the semiconductive properties of proteins are discussed.
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  • 62
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1031-1037 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a previous paper, a scheme of integral approximation was proposed, in which a large number of two-electron integrals containing a certain kind of orbital pairs, i.e., weakly related pairs, can be neglected. A new criterion for partitioning orbital pairs into two groups, i.e., strongly and weakly related pairs, is introduced in order to allow for neglect of more integrals without sacrificing the accuracy of a computation. Test calculations on the BH3—C2H4 complex show that by the use of the new version, results of roughly the same accuracy as was obtained by the old version is obtained by retaining 80% of the integrals used in the old version. This kind of saving is more significant for larger molecules. For example, in a calculation on Cu-porphine with 203 CGTO'S, the revised version will require about 2.0 × 106 integrals, while the original version will require about 4.5 × 106. And these two approximate calculations are expected to give the results of roughly the same accuracy.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cooperative phenomena may be involved in the biological effects of magnetic fields (H), since its effects on isolated atoms or ions, at room temperature, are very weak. It is suggested that interactions at the social level can considerably increase the efficiency of H in orienting the displacements of animals. This effect is discussed with a simple mathematical model inspired on superparamagnetism. In case of very weak interactions of H with isolated animals, it suggests that orientation could only be made visible through cooperativity at the social level. These results are generalized to other physical stimuli and effects, leading to the concept of cooperative sensory response, i.e., a group response to an external physical agent even when its effect on isolated members of the group is undetectable.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: En déterminant les paramètres des jeux de base dans des environnements moléculaires par d'autres critères que l'énergie totale, il est démontré qu'une généralisation de la base pour des fragments moléculaires peut ětre obtenue, dans laquelle les propriétés géométriques et celles de la structure électronique sont prédites considérablement mieux qu'avec des bases de taille semblable. Comme premier pas dans le développement d'une série de bases avec une flexibilité et une précision de plus en plus prononcée, on a construit plusieurs jeux de base de type simple zéta avec une contraction gaussienne pour chaque orbitale de base. Les meilleures de ces bases donnent des propriétés géométriques et électroniques pour une série de molécules organiques avec'une précision meilleure que celle obtenue par la base correspondante de type STO-2G et semblable dans la plupart des cas à STO-3G. En outre cette base peut ětre utilisée soit avec des gaussiennes cartésiennes, soit avec des gaussiennes sphériques flottantes.
    Abstract: Durch eine Bestimmung von Basissatzparametern in Molekülumgebungen mit anderen Kriterien als der Gesamtenergie wird gezeigt, dass eine Verallgemeinerung des Molekülfragmentsbasissatzes erhalten werden kann, mit welchem geometrischen und Elektronstruktureigenschaften beträchtlich besser als mit anderen Basissätzen ähnlicher Grösse vorhergesagt werden können. Als erster Schritt in der Entwicklung einer Reihe von Basissätzen mit sukzessiv grösserer Flexibilität und Genauigkeit werden mehrere Basissätze von Einzelzetatyp durch eine Gauss'sche Kontraktion für jedes Basisorbital konstruiert. Mit den besten dieser Basissätze werden geometrische und elektronische Eigen-schaften für eine Reihe von organischen Molekülen mit besserer Genauigkeit als dem entsprechenden STO-2G Basissatz und in vielen Fallen ähnlich dem STO-2G Satz erhalten. Weiter wird gezeiget, dass dieser Basissatz mit sowohl Cartesischen als fliesseden sphärischen Gaussfunktionen vereinbar ist.
    Notes: By determining basis set parameters in molecular environments using other criteria than total energy, it is shown that a generalization of the molecular fragment basis can be obtained in which calculated geometric and electronic structural properties are predicted substantially better than with other basis sets of similar size. As a first step in the development of a series of basis sets having successively greater flexibility and accuracy, several single-zeta basis sets are created, using a two-Gaussian contraction for each basis orbital. The best of these basis sets produced calculated geometric and electronic properties for a series of molecules that model a wide variety of organic molecules that are of better accuracy than the corresponding STO-2G basis, and similar in most cases to STO-3G. In addition, the basis set is shown to be applicable in either a Cartesian Gaussian basis or a floating spherical Gaussian basis.
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  • 65
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1111-1123 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Une méthode est proposée, qui réduit considérablement le travail numérique dans un calcul HF en réduisant le nombre d'intégrales à deux électrons qui doivent ětre calculées. Les procédés suivants sont utilisés: (i) la densité électronique est approximée par un petit nombre de fonctions pour la partie de Coulomb de la matrice HF; (ii) cette densité approchée est modifiée pour améliorer son potentiel; (iii) dans la partie d'échange une fonction de base χ est remplacée par une fonction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi $\end{document} avec un nombre moindre de lobes gaussines; (iv) l'érreur causée par ce remplacement-ci est réduite par une modification des densités \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi _i \tilde \chi _j $\end{document} dans les intégrales d'échange. Le temps de calcul pour les intégrales est réduit par un facteur 6 pour des molécules contenant cinq atomes de la première ligne comme par exemple CF4, si l'on utilise une base 7S/3P contractée à (5, 1, 1/3). Le temps augmente approximativement avec n3, si n est le nombre de lobes gaussiens.
    Abstract: Eine Methode wird vorgeschlagen, welche den numerischen Aufwand von Hartree-Foch Rechnungen dadurch verringert, indem die Zahl der zu berechnenden Zweielektronenintegrale reduziert wird. Dabei werden folgende Konzepte verwendet: (i) Zur Berechnung des Coulombanteils der HF Matrix wird die Elektronendichte durch wenig Funktionen approximiert. (ii) Die approximierte Dichte wird so modifiziert, daß ihr Potential verbessert wird. (iii) Zur Berechnung des Austauschanteils wird eine Basisfunktion χ durch eine Funktion \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi $\end{document} ersetzt, welche weniger Gauss-lobes enthält. (iv) Der dadurch hervorgerufene Fehler wird durch eine Änderung der in den Austauschintegralen vorkommenden Dichten \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi _i \tilde \chi _j $\end{document} reduziert. Für Moleküle, welche 5 Atome der 1. Reihe enthalten, wie z.B. CF4, wird die Rechenzeit für den Integralteil um den Faktor 6 reduziert, wenn eine 7S/3P Basis kontrahiert zu (5, 1, 1/3) verwendet wird. Die Integralzeit nimmt etwa mit der 3. Potenz der Zahl der Gauss-lobes zu.
    Notes: A method is proposed that reduces the computational effort of HF calculations considerably by reducing the number of two-electron integrals that have to be calculated. The following concepts are used: (i) approximation of the electron density by only few functions for the Coulomb part of the HF matrix; (ii) modification of this approximate density, to improve its Coulomb field; (iii) in the exchange part, a basis function χ is replaced by a function \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi $\end{document} consisting of fewer Gaussian lobes; (iv) the error caused by this replacement is reduced by a modification of the densities \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi _i \tilde \chi _j $\end{document} in the exchange integrals. The computation time of the integral part is reduced by a factor 6 for molecules containing five first-row atoms as, e.g., CF4, if one uses a 7S/3P basis set contracted to (5, 1, 1/3). The integral time increases roughly with n3, if n is the number of Gaussian lobes.
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  • 66
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 67
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 3-9 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A hierarchy of necessary conditions that an exact density matrix of a pure state or an ensemble has to satisfy is derived, namely the hermiticity of certain operators F(k). For k = 1 this reduces to the well-known Hartree-Fock condition. It is then shown that the kth set of conditions is equivalent to stationarity of the energy with respect to unitary k-particle transformations. k-Particle generalizations of Hartree-Fock theory are then discussed both in the spirit of k-particle pseudoeigenvalue equations and in the framework of a Newton-Raphson-type constructive scheme.
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  • 68
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 275-280 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The binding energy spectra for the valence orbitals of hydrogen chloride have been obtained using the binary (e,2e) method at 1200 eV. The strength of the innermost valence orbital (4σ) is severely split among several ion states in the energy range 25 to 41 eV. The measured cross sections are compared with results of calculations using contracted Gaussian basis sets of double-zeta quality, and with a one-particle Green's function calculation.
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  • 69
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 307-310 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The charge exchange process in the intervalence (mixed-valence) system is interpreted in terms of the nonstationary state mechanism which is a well-known approach for rationalizing the molecular tautomerism process. The two kinds of processes are viewed in a close analogy in the sense that both involve a pair of near-degenerate levels in a double-well potential. However, a comparison is made between the two cases to demonstrate that an electron moves not only faster but also farther in distance than a nucleus does.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Traditionally, the calculation of the vibrational spectra of molecules involves at one point or another a numerical differentiation procedure. Such a method has some serious drawbacks both in efficiency and in accuracy. In this paper, an alternative method based on linear response theory is presented. The second derivative of the ground-state energy is expressed in terms of the electron density response matrix by means of perturbation theory. The unperturbed wave functions are obtained from the Hartree-Fock equation. First-order perturbation theory applied to this equation leads to the Hartree-Fock linear response. As an illustration of this method the vibrational frequency of a H2 molecule is calculated. The result is 1.348 × 1014 Hz as compared to the experimental value of 1.319 × 1014 Hz. This method is also applicable in the calculation of the phonon dispersion curves of solids.
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  • 71
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 393-396 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A brief account of a quantum chemistry literature data base (QCLDB) is described, which contains the key information of about 2000 papers of ab initio calculations of atoms and molecules published in 1977-1979. The QCLDB is stored in a computer and can be sorted and rearranged into author and substance indices. Selection of the items for each paper in a computer-readable data base is discussed.
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  • 72
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal chelates [(C2H2X2)2M]n with ligating atoms X = NH, O, S and central atoms M = Be2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ (n = 0, ± 2), and M = Li+, Cu+ (n = ± 1, -3), have been studied in our Laboratory for some years by ab initio calculations. In this article it is shown that certain features of the complexes are the same for all the different metals in our series. These features include a drastic reduction of the energy gap between unoccupied and occupied orbitals, when electrons are added to the positively charged complexes. This change of the energy gap is shown to be an effect of the ligand dimer [(C2H2X2)2]n. But this dimer can only exist when a positive ion, e.g., a metal ion, forms a bridge between the two monomers. The reduced energy gap implies a strong bathochromic shift of the electronic spectrum and low electrical resistivity.
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  • 73
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 457-462 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoisomerization of imine compounds is studied in terms of an ab initio MO CI calculation. The potential curves of the syn-anti isomerization via the rotation and the inversion are examined for benzaldimine. It is suggested that the photoisomerization is initiated through the rotation around the C—N bond in both singlet and triplet states. The ease of the photoisomerization is found to be determined by both the conformation of phenyl ring in the ground state and the energy difference of vertically excited states between two isomers.
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  • 74
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 493-500 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To aid in designing new therapeutic iron chelating agents, the mechanism of iron binding to prototypic heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones has been studied. Based on molecular orbital and spectroscopic studies, iron (II) is found to bind in a covalent manner, while iron(III) seems to interact ionically. However, with both iron(II) and iron(III), chelate formation is dependent on charge interaction between the metal and the coordinating atoms of the ligand.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 75
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 515-519 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potential-energy curves for the movement of proton along the hydrogen-bond direction were calculated for the parent and cations produced from the β- decay of pyridine-pyrrole labeled by tritium (3H) or carbon-14(14C). For all cations the double minimum potential is predicted to be formed, and the activation energy for the proton transfer from one well to the other is about 10.0 kcal/mol, which is much lower than that in the (NH2—H—NH2)+ ion. A positional effect of nuclear transformation is scarcely expected in 3H β- decay, whereas a slight positional effect may be expected in 14C β- decay.
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  • 76
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 533-537 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theoretical study has been made on the translational or “rattling” motion of homonuclear diatomic molecules encaged in β-quinol clathrates. By the use of an adjustable parameter for the van der Waals radius, experimental results have been explained fairly well.
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  • 77
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 501-508 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problem of the existence of a prostaglandin (PG) receptor is still controversial, but it seems to be clear that the main action of the PGs concerns the interface of the cellular membrane (which has a predominantly lipid character) and the extracellular liquid (which mainly consists of water). Also especially in the case of the exogenous PGs, the transport of these substances in the organism in influenced by the hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of the reactive molecules. These properties can be estimated by MO studies using a solvation model and a semiempirical method of calculation. This paper is concerned with the molecules of PGA1 and PGE1. MO studies were performed for these molecules with the CNDO/SW method in order to calculate ionization potentials, dipole moments, and molecular polarizabilities. With these computed molecular properties, the electrostatic and van der Waals interactions with water and octanol molecules are evaluated and compared within the framework of the original model. This study allows the differentiation of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic character of the PGs investigated and the comparison of the results with experimental data.
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  • 78
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 189-191 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 79
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 607-613 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The range in ordinary space of a defect in a solid, polymer, or a large molecule is an important parameter in many physical and chemical situations like, e.g., substitutional and interstitial impurities in ionic crystals, deep and shallow energy levels in semiconductors, core holes in systems studied by photoelectron spectroscopy, and hydrogen in metals. Both the electronic structure and the lattice of the host molecule or solid are normally influenced by the defect, and it is desirable to treat, as far as possible, these two aspects together. An explicit procedure for investigating the degree of localization is proposed that is based on the direct calculation of Wannier functions and partitioning technique.
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  • 80
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 619-623 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Exciton transfers in the two-dimensional and spin-canted antiferromagnet (C2H5NH3)2MnCl4 were studied by investigating the absorption spectra 6A1g → 4T2g(4D) of Mn2+. A magnon side band (exciton-magnon simultaneous excitation) which has an anomalous shape with the cutoffs at the low-energy as well as the high-energy sides was observed. This anomalous shape could be reproduced in calculation as magnon side band, considering both the intersublattice and intrasublattice exciton transfers. From the analysis of this band shape, the magnitudes of the intersublattice and intrasublattice exciton transfers are estimated to be 10.2 and 6.8 cm-1, respectively. In the case of simple antiferromagnets without spin canting, the intersublattice exciton transfer process is forbidden because of the spin angular momentum. However, in the case of (C2H5NH3)2MnCl4, the prohibition of the intersublattice exciton transfer is removed by the canted-spin arrangement.
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  • 81
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 695-708 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method has been proposed for calculating the Gaussian matrix elements of the interaction operator represented by an arbitrary degree of interelectron distance X12ρ. The method is based on the expansion of two-electron integrals as the sum of one-electron integrals which in turn admit compact operator representation in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions. The generating differential operator has been shown to be related to the modified Hermitian polynomials. The standard structure of the special functions encountered in this approach is useful in studying the analytical behavior of the integrals and makes it possible to obtain for these integrals recurrence relations, direct algebraic expressions in the forms of finite sum of confluent hypergeometric functions, integral representations, and asymptotic properties. Unlike the usual methods based on integral transformation of the interaction operator, the proposed approach has a wider field of application, and in addition, leads to compact and convenient analytical expressions. The idea of using differential properties of integrals to simplify the integrand structure gives the proposed approach a certain resemblance to that suggested by Boys but not developed in detail in his pioneer work.
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  • 82
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 775-782 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Properties of Hückel parameters are investigated by using a mapping concept. The mapping is constructed by means of the Linderberg relation. No efforts are made to get a numerically correct description of the Hückel parameters.
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  • 83
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 797-810 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The performance of the MINDO/3 method has been evaluated in simple heteroatomic molecules that are representative of several important biological systems. Molecular geometries are accurate to within 0.04 Å for bond lengths, and 3° for most bond angles. Dipole moments and charge distributions are estimated satisfactorily, and ionization potentials are predicted to an accuracy of 0.5 eV. The method is less accurate in estimating the ionization of some upper level σ orbitals. The overall evaluation shows that MINDO/3 provides a good description of the geometries and electronic properties of the molecules studied. The results of MINDO/3 calculations in several other chemical systems are also reviewed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 84
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 841-866 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spin functions that are compatible with orbital ordering and geminal antisymmetry conditions are investigated. It is shown that two widely used classes of spin functions, namely, the spin-bonded functions and Yamanouchi-Kotani (or, equivalently, Gelfand-Tsetlin) functions possess these properties. The relationship of the latter with Young-Yamanouchi spin functions is also outlined using graphical techniques of spin algebras. These techniques are also used to rederive the Hamiltonian matrix elements between spin-bonded functions and to show the relationship among the various schemes used in this case.
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  • 85
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1109-1131 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theorem is presented that characterizes approximate states and truncated operator manifolds associated with self-consistent approximate propagators. This theorem establishes a natural relationship between Hermiticity, stationarity, nonredundance and completeness of operator manifolds, model time evolution, and the vacuum condition. For the case of the polarization propagator we describe algorithms by which we can construct states and manifolds that satisfy this theorem and the vacuum condition.
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  • 86
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1165-1173 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An exchange-correlation potential model to be used in connection with the multiple scattering method is presented. Retaining the main advantages of the multiple scattering method with the Xα potential, particularly its low computational requirements, this new formalism does not require any adjustable parameter. Test calculations on the NiF64- system are reported and compared with experimental and ab initio results.
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  • 87
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1405-1413 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Semiempirical MO calculations of the self-consistent charge and configuration (SCCC) method are reported for the acetonitrile-metal solvated species (CH3CN)xMn+, where M = Be2+ and Mg2+. Comparison of the delocalization energies for various chemical structures x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 leads to an expectation of a tetrahedral structure for the Be2+ species and an octahedral structure for the Mg2+ species. The electronic nature of the donor-acceptor interaction is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1465-1472 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analytical formulas are given for the orbital contributions to two-electron properties such as 〈r12n〉, with n = -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, and 4, for atomic systems in which orbitals are expanded as linear combinations of Gaussian functions. Numerical values for all possible contributions in the atoms Li to Ne have been calculated at the Hartree-Fock level. These quantities are compared and discussed to show what kind of information can be obtained from such quantities. The influence of the basis set size has also been considered.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1485-1487 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 709-713 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using a modified form of Sharma's method for the expansion of a Slater-type orbital in spherical harmonics about a displaced center, a general expression for the overlap integral between two orbitals is derived that is equivalent to that given by Sharma. By use of a simple kind of “computer algebra” this expression is developed here into a formula that is equivalent to earlier known ones and may have computational advantages when the generated formula coefficients are stored. This method is capable of extension to more complicated integrals.
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 891-904 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper reports some theoretical studies of PGA1 using conformational and molecular orbital techniques. The conformation energy (CE) calculations, using empirical potential-energy functions, for intrinsic torsional rotations around C12—C13 (θ), C7—C8 (Ψ), and C14—C15 (φ) show a number of energy minima. The relative value of the CE for these minima ranges from 4.09 to 8.01 kcal/mol. An additional rotation around C4—C5 (χ) giving “twist” to the carboxyl chains lowers the CE value by 2-3 kcal/mol and a conformation with CE value 2.39 kcal/mol less than crystallographic one is obtained. The interchain interaction energy showed changes with conformations. No significant change in the interchain interaction energy was observed due to “twist” in the carboxyl chain. The isopotential mapping study demonstrated the probable ionic binding site near the carboxyl and the ring (O9) oxygens. Conformational and molecular orbital results are discussed in the light of the reduced abortifacient potency of PGA1 with respect to PGF2α and the possible role of Ca2+ ions in this action.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1157-1163 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The transformation of two-electron integrals from an atomic orbital basis to a symmetry orbital basis is a straightforward procedure, but becomes a time-consuming process when the system has high symmetry. In the conventional transformation algorithm, the number of multiplications is proportional to the fifth power of the basis size. To reduce the computer time, a new transformation algorithm is proposed. In this method, the number of multiplications for the transformation is proportional to the fourth power of the number of atomic orbitals in an equivalent orbital group. A new transformation program has been completed and tested against the conventional n5 method. The present method may be regarded as extension of Almlöf's method to any molecular point group. The program cuts the CPU time for the transformation to one-third in calculations for C4H8 and NiF6. This reduction is quite significant for large systems having high symmetry.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Double-helical polynucleotide conformations, poly(dA)·poly(dT), poly(d(A-T))·poly(d(T-A))·poly(dG)·poly(dC), and poly(d(G-C))·poly(d(C-G)) are analyzed by the atom-atom potential method. The energy optimization is carried out in the space of eight independent geometric parameters using analytical procedures for the constraints, taking into account the flexibility of the β-D-deoxyribose rings. At the first stage, the full screening of atomic partial charges was assumed. The structures of the calculated B and the A forms of DNA are characterized by low energy and absence of short contacts; the dihedral angles are near the average values in the monomers. With the typical energy difference of 3-5 kcal/mol nucleotide pairs in all cases, the B form is more preferable as compared to the A form. At the final step the effect of the Coulomb term is evaluated for poly(dA)·poly(dT) using various values of the effective dielectric constant (ε = 28, 24, 20, 18, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, and 1). If ε ≤24, the energy optimization leads A to B. We discuss the stereochemical details of the intermediate conformations on the A-B path and hypothesize the nature of stability of the A and the B forms and the mechanism of the A-B transition.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 377-398 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The energy of (H2O)3 has been calculated for 29 geometrical configurations of the trimer using the SCF LCAO MO method and extended as well as minimal basis sets of Gaussian functions. For two configurations two intermediate basis sets have also been tested. The results show the nonadditive component of the interaction energy to be small. They also indicate that fairly reliable results for the trimer can be obtained using minimal basis sets and the counterpoise method to eliminate the basis set superposition error. The nonadditive contribution to the interaction energy is shown to be mainly due to the long-range induction interaction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 459-465 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present two identities that permit a simplification of some lengthy derivations with spherical harmonics. Examples of their use are given.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The practical value of a wave function derives from its ability to estimate or predict the chemical and physical properties of the electronic structure which it describes. Reliability is defined as a property to be evaluated on the basis of (i) the magnitude of the difference between the measured and calculated values of the observable together with (ii) the sign of the difference, (ii) the number and nature of observables correctly estimated, and (iv) the number and type of electronic structures that are correctly estimated. Systematic statistical comparison implies the existence of both internally consistent sets of wave functions for homologous series of molecules and their corresponding experimental values together with reliable error estimates. The most complete data base currently available for comparison is the spectroscopic constants for the first and second row diatomic hydrides. Utilizing appropriate statistical comparison techniques, four approximations (CEPA, PNO-CI, GTO-SCF, and STO-SCF) are compared among themselves and against experimentally measured values. The CEPA approximation yields differences from experiment that approximate a normal error distribution, while the other approximations show systematic departures from experiment. Two values, ωe and ωeχe, for SH exhibit differences large enough to cast doubt upon the calculated value, the experimental value, or both.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 415-428 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Fock generating function method is employed for the separation of spin variables into two-particle transition density matrices. Their spatial components introduced by McWeeny are expressed through Schrödinger's coordinate wave functions. Some nontrivial integral relations between these components and the charge and transition spin density matrices are obtained. The interrelation between the mentioned spatial components and the Matsen-Poshusta symmetrized density matrices of an arbitrary spatial function is found.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 725-736 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The SCF theory of multiplet monodeterminantal states is described from a comprehensive viewpoint. In this context, the formalism and derived theorems are developed, as well as the description of a SCF closed-shell-like structure, namely the hypermultiplet. Numerical applications are discussed taking as a model the H2O molecule and its first positive ion. Wave functions of double ζ-quality, with computed molecular properties of 16 states are given.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 759-774 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Coulomb correlation hole distribution function has been computed with respect to various reference centers in the HCN molecule, using standard SCF+CI type wave functions. The extent to which statistical correlation between unlike-spin electrons is introduced into an SCF wave function through the inclusion of configuration interaction has been assessed by an examination of the range and depth of such holes, and compared with the behavior of analogous Fermi distribution functions. Our results show that the range of Fermi correlation is consistently longer than that of the corresponding Coulomb correlation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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