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  • 1985-1989
  • 1965-1969  (562)
  • 1968  (562)
  • Organic Chemistry  (547)
  • Electron microscopy  (15)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 127 (1968), S. 154-164 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Collagen ; Connective tissue ; Electron microscopy ; Polarization microscopy ; Tendons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The correlation of the mechanical properties and the morphological behaviour of collagenous tissue during strain was investigated. Relaxed and strained tendons were examined by incidental and transmitted polarized light microscopy and electron microscopy. It was concluded that the wavy pattern seen at the seminicroscopic level of the collagen fibers vanished at relatively low loads. The direction of birefringence in transmitted light microscopy varied in the relaxed preparations but became even in the strained. The electron microscopy showed that the fibrils had the same periodicity as calculated from X-ray diffraction patterns of moist collagen, i.e. 680 Å, and that straining increased the period lengths of some fibrils. The correlation of these findings to a mechanical analogy of the tissue was discussed.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Skeletal muscle ; Ring fibers (Ringbinden) ; Sarcoplasmic masses ; Sarcomere fragmentation ; Myofilaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans diverses conditions habituellement pathologiques, la fibre musculaire peut comporter une zone périphérique nettement individualisée et contenant des formations filamentaires dont la disposition spatiale est anormale. Les auteurs analysent les aspects ultrastructuraux de trois types de telles formations filamentaires périphériques: 1. lesfibrilles annulaires, bien visibles en microscopie optique; la microscopie électronique permet d'établir leur structure myofibrillaire normale, la fréquence des aspects complexes d'entretissage entre ces myofibrilles et les myofibrilles de disposition longitudinale; 2. lesmasses latérales dites “sarcoplasmiques” en microscopie optique, dont l'analyse en microscopie électronique permet d'établir la richesse fréquente en formations myofilamentaires disposées de façon anarchique; 3. lesempilements de fragments de sarcomère selon les différents plans de l'espace, qui ne peuvent être mis en évidence en microscopie optique, et n'apparaissent clairement qu'en microscopie électronique. L'étude ultrastructurale permet de récuser le caractère artificiel de ces différents aspects, souvent envisagé en microscopie optique, d'insister sur le caractère topographique limité le plus souvent à la périphérie de la fibre de telles altérations, et sur la fréquence de l'association de ces différentes anomalies entre elles. Cette étude apporte en outre des arguments en faveur de la nature dégénérative de ces aspects. Ces anomalies ne sont spécifiques d'aucune affection musculaire particulière, mais les auteurs les ont rencontrées cependant avec un maximum de fréquence dans les dystrophies musculaires progressives.
    Notes: Summary In various—usually pathologic—conditions the muscle fibre may show a distinct peripheral zone containing abnormally arranged filamentous formations. The authors have analysed the ultrastructural aspects of three types of such peripheral filamentous formations: 1.ring-shaped fibrils clearly visible under the light microscope; in these cases the electron microscope reveals their normal myofibrillar structure as well as the high incidence of complex formations resulting from the intertwining of such myofibrils and longitudinally disposed ones; 2. so-called“sarcoplasmic” lateral masses under light microscopy; in these cases the electron microscope shows a wealth of irregularly disposed myofilamentous formations; and 3.accumulations of sarcomere fragments at different spatial levels, which may be distinguished only under the electron microscope but not by light microscopy. The ultrastructural study permits the authors to disprove the artificial character of these different aspects—an assumption frequently made on the basis of light-microscopic findings—, to insist on the fact that such alterations are mostly limited topographically to the periphery of the fibre, and to stress that these different anomalies are often associated with one another. The study has furthermore furnished considerable evidence in favour of the degenerative nature of the forms under consideration. The anomalies in question are not specific to any one muscular affection; however they have been found most frequently in progressive muscular dystrophy.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 10 (1968), S. 336-346 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Rat brain, new born ; Porencephalic cyst ; Brain injury ; Glial reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Stichverletzung des Gehirns neugeborener Ratten erzeugte regelmäßig eine Defekthöhle, deren Begrenzung zuerst aus einer Schicht fibrillärer Astrocyten mit vielen dünnen Cytoplasmafortsätzen bestand. Während der 2. und 3. Woche wurde die Astrocytenschicht lockerer und durch eine Basalmembran abgegrenzt, die gewöhnlich in Verbindung mit einer darüberliegenden Schicht von Pia-ähnlichen Zellen stand, Erst hernach ähnelte die Feinstruktur der Defektwand jener der Heldschen “Membrana gliae accessoria” für die differenzierte Struktur vorbehalten bleiben und nicht zur Bezeichung der frühen Astrocytenbegrenzung verwendet werden sollte. Keine dichte Glia-oder Bindegewebsnarbe, wie im Erwachsenengehirn üblich, wurde gefunden. Die Makrophagen verschwinden vor der 3. Woche, anstelle monatelang wie beim Erwachsenen zu verweilen. Das Vorhandensein oder Fehlen von Narbenbildung und Makrophagen dürfte nur das Alter, in dem die Verletzung erfolgte, widerspiegeln und daher für die Unterscheidung zwischen Mißbildungs-und Verletzungsdefekten unverläßlich sein.
    Notes: Summary Needle injury of the newborn rat brain resulted regularly in cavity formation, the lining of which at first consisted of a layer of fibrous astrocytes with many thin cytoplasmic projections. Between the second and third weeks the astrocytic surface became smoother and was lined by a basement membrane, usually in association with an overlying layer of pia-like cells. Only after this time did the fine structure of the cavity wall resemble that of Held's membrana gliae limitans superficialis. It is, therefore, suggested that Spatz's “membrana gliae limitans accessoria” be reserved for this differentiated structure and not used to identify the earlier astrocytic lining. No dense glial or connective tissue scarring, as usually seen in the adult brain, was found. Macrophages disappear before the third week, rather than persisting for months, as in the adult. The presence or absence of scar formation and macrophages may only reflect the age at which the injury occurred and may, therefore, be unreliable in distinguishing between cavities due to malformation and to injury.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 10 (1968), S. 17-25 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Myelinated CNS axons ; Axoplasm ; Tubular structures ; Axonal reactive changes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine honigwabenartige tubuläre Anordnung wurde in stark myelinisierten Axonen gefunden. Sie wurde im Kleinhirn einer offenbar gesunden Ratte und eines Schimpansen mit Kuru-ähnlichen Symptomen beobachtet. Sie fand sich ferner in der Großhirnrnde einer Maus mit einem intracerebralen Tumorimplantat. Eine verbindliche Ursache konnte nicht aufgedeckt werden. Es wird jedoch angenommen, daß diese Struktur eine spezifische axonale Reaktion auf eine mögliche Vielfalt von noch unbekannten Bedingungen entspricht.
    Notes: Summary A honeycomb-like tubular array was observed in heavily myelinated axons. It was observed in the cerebellum of an apparently normal rat and a chimpanzee with “Kurulike” symptoms. It was also found in the cerebral cortex of a mouse that had had a intracerebral tumor implant. A common underlying etiology could not be found. It is suggested, however, that this structure represents a specific axonal response to perhaps a variety of as yet unknown conditions.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 10 (1968), S. 132-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Myoclonus body disease ; Lafora bodies ; Electron microscopy ; Corpora amylacea ; Unverricht-Lundborg disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs analysent l'ultra-structure des corps de Lafora à propos d'une biopsie cérébrale pratiquée dans une maladie d'Unverricht-Lundborg caractéristique. La surcharge observée dans les périkaryons neuronaux et dans les prolongements dendroaxonaux, au niveau des synapses, comporte des structures filamenteuses hélicoïdales de 75 Å d'épaisseur, correspondant à des macro-molécules protéiques complexes, des corpuscules denses de 150 à 300 Å et une matrice finement granuleuse. Les corps de Lafora, dépourvus de membrane propre, correspondent à une sécrétion anormale ou à une transformation d'organites cellulaires. Des relations de continuité existent entre les filaments et les ribosomes ergastoplasmiques. Les auteurs soulignent les relations unissant corps de Lafora et corps amylacés. Ils discutent leur morphologie et la comparent à celle de plusieurs structures pathologiques connues d'aspect fibrillaire.
    Notes: Summary The authors analyse the Lafora bodies' ultra-structure about a cerebral biopsy in a typic case of Unverricht-Lundborg disease. This obvious storage is noticed in the nerve cells perikarya, dendro-axonal processes and synapses; it appears to be compound of helicoïdal, filamentous, 75 Å wide profiles corresponding to complex proteic macro-molecules, 150–300 Å wide densities and slightly granulous matrix. The Lafora bodies without any limiting membran correspond to a pathologic neuro-secretion or to changes of cytoplasmic organites. Some continuity is seen between filaments and ribosomes. The authors emphazise the relations connecting Lafora bodies and corpora amylacea. Their morphology is discussed and compared with that of several pathologic fibrillar structures.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 10 (1968), S. 263-272 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hypertensive encephalopathy ; Ischemic-anoxic encephalopathy ; Edema anoxic ; Electron microscopy ; Astrocytic swelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Gehirn von Katzen bei akuter Hypertonie, die durch wechselnde Kompression der absteigenden Aorta erzeugt wurde, ausgeführt. Die ultrastrukturellen Veränderungen umfaßten Schwellung der Astrocytenausläufer, Erweiterung des endoplasmatischen Reticulums, und geringe Erweiterung des Extracellulärraumes des Gehirnmarks. Manchmal wurde auch Schwellung der Mitochondrien mit Zerstörung der Cristae beobachtet. Der Extracellulärraum der Gehirnrinde zeigte keine Erweiterung. Die Veränderungen in der Ultrastruktur des Zentralnervensystems werden im Hinblick auf die Pathogenese der hypertonischen Encephalopathie diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic examinations were carried out in the brains of cats with acute arterial hypertension produced by intermittent compression of the descending aorta. The ultrastructural changes included swelling of the astrocytic processes, dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum, and slight enlargement of the extracellular space of the white matter. Swelling of the mitochondria with disruption of the cristae was sometimes observed. The extracellular space of the gray matter showed no expansion. The changes in the ultrastructure of the central nervous system in hypertensive and ischemic encephalopathy were found to be very similar. This finding is discussed with special regard to the pathogenesis of acute hypertensive encephalopathy.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 10 (1968), S. 308-323 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental brain tumors ; Virus with brain tumors ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry ; Hydrocarbon (crystalls), oncogenic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Krebserzeugende Kohlenwasserstoffe wurden in Gehirn und Muskel von C3H Mäusen implantiert. Dabei konnten virusähnliche, cylindrisch geformte Partikel in den präcarcinomatösen Läsionen nachgewiesen werden. Die filamentartigen Stäbchen wurden nur im Cytoplasma von solchen Zellen beobachtet, die phagocytiertes Carcinogen enthielten. Die meisten Zellen, in denen diese Viruspartikel nachzuweisen waren, wurden als Makrophagen angesehen und es wird angenommen, daß sie mesenchymaler Herkunft sind. Der genaue Mechanismus, durch den die krebserzeugende Wirkung der Kohlenwasserstoffe zur Bildung von Viruspartikel führt, ist nicht klar, aber offensichtlich ist das endoplasmatische Reticulum beteiligt. Viele Partikel konnten innerhalb der Cisternen beobachtet werden; dabei wurde ihre äußere Hülle von der Membran des endoplasmatischen Reticulums gebildet. Gelegentlich wurden die Viruspartikel auch zwischen den zwei Membranen der Kernhülle beobachtet. Die Bedeutung dieser Partikel in Beziehung zu den Tumoren ist unbestimmt. Die Möglichkeit besteht, daß sie eine unreife oder unvollendete Form darstellen und daß zusätzliche Faktoren erforderlich sind, um ihre krebserzeugende Wirkung hervorzubringen.
    Notes: Summary Carcinogenic hydrocarbons were implanted into brain and muscle of C3H mice. Virus-like particles of cylindrical form were demonstrated in the precancerous lesions. These filamentous rods were observed only within the cytoplasm of those cells which contained phagocytosed carcinogen. The majority of reactive cells containing the virus-like particles were identified as macrophages, and are thought to be mesenchymal in origin. The precise mechanism by which the carcinogenic effect results in the formation of virus-like particles is not clear, but evidently involves the endoplasmic reticulum. Many of the particles were found within the cisternae, and their outer shells were derived from the membranous component of the endoplasmic reticulum. Occasionally, they were seen between the two membranes of the nuclear envelope. The significance of these particles in relationship to tumors is not certain. The possibility exists that they represent immature or incomplete forms and that additional factors may be necessary to prove them oncogenic.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 10 (1968), S. 324-335 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Rat brain, new born ; Brain injury ; Brain edema ; Extracellular space
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion des Gehirns neugeborener Ratten auf Stichverletzung wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die wenigen im Neugeborenenhirn vorhandenen protoplasmatischen Astrocyten erschienen an der Reaktion unbeteiligt. Hingegen erwies sich der Extracellularraum durch Anhäufung von Ödemflüssigkeit erweitert. Die Mikrogliazellen reagieren bemerkenswert schnell; viele, ganze Zellen sowie Myelinfiguren und Fetttröpfchen enthaltende Makrophagen werden schon 24 Stunden nach der Verletzung gefunden. Eine dichte Glia- oder Bindegewebsnarbe bildet sich nicht. Diese Reaktionen sind von denen für das reife Hirngwebe charakteristischen durchaus verschieden; mögliche Erklärungen für diese Unterschiede werden erörtert.
    Notes: Summary The reaction of the newborn rat brain following needle injury has been studied electron microscopically. Very few protoplasmic astrocytes are present in the newborn brain, and they do not appear to participate in the reaction. Instead, the extracellular space appears to be widened by an accumulation of oedema fluid. The microglial cells react remarkably rapidly; many macrophages containing whole cells as well as myelin figures and lipid droplets are found within 24 hours after the injury. At no time does a dense glial or connective tissue scar form. These reactions are quite different from those characteristic of mature brain tissue, and possible explanations for these differences are discussed.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hypocupremia, experimental ; Vascular pathology ; Basal brain arteries ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kaninchen wurden in utero und post partum unter Entzug von Kupfer aus der Nahrung aufgezogen (die Nahrung enthielt nur 0,60 p.p.m. Kupfer). Eine Gruppe von Kontrolltieren wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Bei der post partum-Gruppe der Kaninchen dauerten die Versuche 2 Monate. Am Ende der 7. Woche wurden petechiale Blutungen in den Ohren beobachtet. Angiographisch wurden Gefäße des Kopfes und Nackens untersucht. Einige Dilatationen und Ungleichheiten wurden beobachtet. Bei zwei Tieren wurden Herzrisse festgestellt. Innerhalb von 2 Monaten wurden alle Tiere getötet und seziert. Es wurden Darmblutungen festgestellt. In der linken Niere einer der kupferarmen Kaninchen wurde eine cystenartige Bildung gefunden. Dieser Befund mag ein zufälliger gewesen sein. Das Herz, Cervicalgefäße und basale Hirngefäße wurden licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Anhäufungen von Fibroblasten, dissektive Blutungen und Defekte oder Brüche in Muskel- und elastischen Geweben wurden beobachtet. An den fibrösen Stellen wurde eine Anhäufung von neutral-rotem Material gefunden. Die Folgen des Entzugs von Kupfer aus der Nahrung waren somit Veränderungen des Herzens, muskulärer und elastischer Schichten der Cervicalgefäße und basalen Hirngefäße.
    Notes: Summary Rabbits were reared in utero and post partum under hypocupremic conditions (the diet containing only 0.60 p.p.m. copper). A control series was investigated as well. For the post partum series of rabbits the experiments lasted 2 months. At the end of the 7 th week petechial hemorrhages were observed in the ears. Angiography was carried out and cervical and head vessels were studied. Some vessel dilatations and unevennesses were observed. One animal died of heart rupture and another collapsed as a consequence of intramural bleeding in the ventricular wall. Within about two months all the animals were killed and autopsied. Intestinal bleedings were observed. A cystlike structure was found in a kidney of one hypocupremic rabbit. This finding may have been coincidental. The hearts and cervical and basal cerebral vessels were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Fibroblast accumulation, dissecting hemorrhages and defects or breaks in muscular and elastic tissue were observed. At the sites of fibrosis, accumulation of a neutral red-positive material was found. At the ultrastructural level lipids could be identified. Deprivation of dietary copper thus resulted in changes of the heart and muscularis and elastica layers of cervical and basal cerebral vessels of rabbits.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 10 (1968), S. 218-241 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Myotonic dystrophy ; Sarcoplasmic masses ; Striated annulets (Ringbinden) ; Muscle fiber ; Electron microscopy ; Phase microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Biopsiematerial von drei Patienten mit unterschiedlichen klinischen und pathologischen Stadien der myotonischen Dystrophie wurde phasenkontrast-und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Beim 1. und 2. Fall waren “sarkoplasmatische Massen” und “Ringbinden” besonders zahlreich, während sie beim 3. Fall mit klinisch erheblich fortgeschrittener Muskelatrophie nur ausnahmsweise vorkamen. Elektronenmikroskopisch erschienen fast alle Elemente der Muskelfasern, zumindest an einigen Stellen, von dem atrophischen oder dystrophischen Prozeß betroffen: Myofilamente, Z-Streifen, Triaden, Kerne, Mitochondrien und Sarkolemm. Außerdem fanden sich cytoplasmatische Cysten, multilamellierte Körperchen, zahlreiche Lipofuscingranula und verschiedene andere abnorme Strukturen. Besonders kennzeichnend für die Erkrankung waren die “sarkoplasmatischen Massen”, die mit variablen Mengen von fehlorientierten Myofilamenten, aber auch von anderen Komponenten der Muskelzelle ausgefüllt waren. Die Ringbinden wurden von fehlorientierten Myofibrillen gebildet, indem sie meist kreisförmig die im Zentrum normal ausgerichteten Myofibrillen umschlossen. Einzelne Veränderungen, die bisher weder bei der myotonischen Dystrophie noch in irgendeiner anderen Muskelkrankheit nachgewiesen worden sind, konnten in leicht dystrophischen wie auch in hochgradig atrophischen Fasern nachgewiesen und identifiziert werden: Große homogene Lacunen, die sich vom sarkoplasmatischen Reticulum herleiten und eigenartige geometrische Anordnungen der terminalen Cisternen. Der Ursprung bestimmter anderer Strukturen blieb unklar. In unserem Material fanden sich keine segmentalen Nekrosen, so daß sich die Relation des dystrophischen Prozesses zur Zenkerschen Degeneration und zur Atrophie, den nach histologischen Untersuchungen wesentlichsten Befunden bei der Steinertschen Erkrankung, nicht eindeutig bestimmen ließ.
    Notes: Summary Biopsies from three patients with different clinical and pathological stages of myotonic dystrophy were studied by phase and electron microscopy. Large sarcoplasmic masses and spiral annulets were prominent in Cases 1 and 2 while in Case 3, featured clinically by atrophic weakness, they were infrequent. In the latter the residual fibers were either large and dystrophic or small and atrophic. Electron microscopically, nearly all components of the muscle cell, in places, were involved in the dystrophic or atrophic process, such as myofilaments, Z discs, triads, nucleic, mitochondria, and the sarcolemma. In addition, cytoplasmic cysts, multilammellated bodies, and lipofuscin granules were observed. The most characteristic feature of the disease were sarcoplasmic masses, filled with varying amounts of disoriented myofilaments and other sarcoplasmic components. Disoriented myofibrils often encircled the remaining core of normal myofibrils, thus forming the striated annulets (Ringbinden). Several other abnormalities, not previously reported in myotonic dystrophy or any other myopathy, were identified in slightly dystrophic as well as in severaly atrophic fibers. These were large, homogenous lacunes derived from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and peculiar geometric arrangements of terminal cisternae. The origin of some other structures remains obscure. The relation of the dystrophic process to segmental degeneration and atrophy, the principal histologic findings in Steinert's disease, is unsettled since segmental necrosis was not observed in our samples for phase and electron microscopy.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Nuclear inclusion body ; Herpes-virus-infection ; Immunology ; Electron microscopy ; Nuclear metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden die pathologischen Befunde bei einem 28 jährigen, schwachsinnigen Patienten beschrieben, der seit früher Kindheit progressive Spastizität und Ataxie zeigte. In Gehirn und allen anderen Organen wurden weitverbreitet eosinophile, intranucleäre Einschlußkörperchen, zugleich mit größeren, intensiver gefärbten, globulären Ablagerungen, gefunden. Corpus striatum, innere Kapsel, Pallidum und Thalamus waren besonders schwer betroffen. Die globulären Ablagerungen hatten sich wahrscheinlich aus vergrößerten, intranucleären Einschlußkörperchen entwickelt. Färberisch und histochemisch gaben beide Strukturen eine positive Reaktion für Protein. Entzündliche Reaktionen waren nicht vorhanden. Die Elektronmikroskopie zeigte, daß die intranucleären Einschlußkörperchen und die globulären Ablagerungen aus homogenem, feinkörnigem Material bestanden. Im Innern einer solchen Ablagerung in der inneren Kapsel wurden virusähnliche Partikel gesehen, die entweder unregelmäßig verteilt oder kristallartig angeordnet waren. Die Partikel sahen denen der Herpesvirusgruppe ähnlich. Es wird die Möglichkeit diskutiert, ob diese Veränderungen den Endzustand einer alten, generalisierten Herpesvirusinfektion darstellen, die entweder in früher Kindheit, zur Zeit der Geburt oder im Uterus stattgefunden hatte. Um den einzigartigen morphologischen Befund zu erklären, wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, daß entweder eine primäre immunologische Unzulänglichkeit vorlag oder daß eine Virusinfektion stattfand, bevor eine immunologische Kompetenz erworben war. Es wird kurz auf die zweite Möglichkeit hingewiesen, daß der Prozeß eine primäre, das Kernprotein beeinflussende Stoffwechselkrankheit darstellen könnte.
    Notes: Summary The pathologic findings are described in a mentally-retarded 28-year old man with progressive spasticity and ataxia since childhood. They consisted in the widespread presence, throughout the brain and visceral organs, of eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions, with the association of larger, more intensely staining globular bodies. The corpora striata, internal capsule, pallida and thalami were the most severely affected. The globular bodies seemed to be derived from the enlargement of the intranuclear inclusions: both gave the tinctorial and histochemical reactions for protein. There was no evidence of inflammation. Electron microscopy showed that the intranuclear inclusions and the globular bodies were composed of homogeneous finely granular material. In one such mass, in the internal capsule, virus-like particles, both randomly distributed and arranged in crystalline arrays, were seen. The particles resembled those of the herpesvirus group. The possibility is discussed that these alterations may present the residuum of an old generalized herpesvirus infection which could have been incurred in early life, at birth, or in utero. The hypothesis of a primary immunologic deficiency, or of a viral infection having occurred before the acquisition of immunologic competence, is advanced in order to account for the unique morphologic features. The alternative suggestion of a primary metabolic disorder affecting nuclear protein is briefly considered.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Inclusion body, intranuclear ; Leucoencephalitis, subacute sclerotizing ; Electron microscopy ; Microtubuli (ultrastructural) ; Myxovirus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein klinisch-biologisch völlig typischer Fall von SSLE wurde enzymhistochemisch und elektronenoptisch untersucht. Enzymhistochemisch erwiesen sich die Läsionen als unspezifisch. Die nachgewiesenen Zunahme der oxydativen Enzyme ist identisch mit jener, die man bei allen reaktiven Makro- und Mikrogliosen beobachtet. Elektronenoptisch fanden sich keine intranucleären Einschlüsse aus Mikrotubuli von 170 bis 230 Å Durchmesser, deren Morphologie an gewisse Myxoviren erinnert. Andererseits bot dieser Fall auch lichtoptisch keine sicher nachweisbaren Kerneinschlüsse vom Typ Cowdry A, die bei SSLE nicht obligat sind. Die von einem Verfasser erstmals beobachteten mikrotubulären Einschlüsse erscheinen als das am meisten spezifische ultrastrukturelle Element der SSLE. Hingegen fanden sich bei der vorliegenden Beobachtung intracytoplasmatische Partikeln von virusähnlichem Aussehen, die vonGonatas bei SSLE und von den Verfassern bei entzündlicher diffuser Sklerose Typ Schilder beschrieben wurden. Gegenwärtig ergibt sich der Eindruck, daß diese Partikeln nicht spezifisch sind und ihre Deutung als virale Elemente größter Vorsicht bedarf. Es könnte sich um Sekretgranula in der Glia unter bestimmten pathologischen Bedingungen handeln, oder aber um phagocytierte Partikeln, die beispielsweise aus dem Myelin stammen.
    Notes: Summary Enzyme histochemical as well as electron microscopic studies were made in a typical case of SSLE. From the enzyme histochemical point of view the lesions were not specific, and the observed increase of oxydative enzymes is identical with that found in every reactive macro- and microgliosis. No intranuclear inclusions of microtubuli with a diameter of 170–230 Å resembling certain mixoviruses could be demonstrated by electron microscopy. By light microscopy, nuclear inclusions of the Cowdry type could not be demonstrated neither; however, they are not always found in SSLE. The microtubuli inclusions, observed for the first time by one of us, seem to be the most specific element in SSLE. On the other hand, the intracytoplasmatical particles with a virus-like aspect which have been described byGonatas in SSLE and by ourselves in periaxial diffuse encephalitis of the Schilder type were also found in the present case. Our impression is that these particles are nonspecific and great caution has to take place in classifying them as viral elements. They might be secretory granules arising in the glia in certain pathological conditions, or perhaps phagocyted particles, possibly stemming from myelin.
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  • 13
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    Acta neuropathologica 10 (1968), S. 279-294 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibromas ; von Recklinghausen's disease ; Neurinomas (or schwannomas) ; Electron microscopy ; Peripheral nervous tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'examen en microscopie optique et électronique de 6 neurofibromes prélevés chirurgicalement chez des patients atteints de maladie de Recklinghausen autorise un certain nombre de conclusions: l'ultrastructure des neurofibromes est faite de 2 types de cellules (cellules de Schwann et fibroblastes) dispersées au sein d'un espace extra-cellulaire contenant de nombreuses fibres de collagène. Des axones myélinisés et amyéliniques sont présents; l'aspect ultrastructural de 3 neurinomes de l'acoustique a été comparé à celui des neurofibromes et apparaît comme différent. Les neurinomes sont faits d'un seul type cellulaire (très probablement cellule de Schwann), le collagène y est beaucoup moins abondant, les axones absents. Quelques déductions pathogéniques et nosologiques sont proposées.
    Notes: Summary Six neurofibromas from patients with von Recklinghausen's disease have been examined by light and electron microscopy: 2 types of cells have been found (Schwann cells and fibroblasts) scattered in extracellular spaces rich in collagen fibers. Myelinated and nonmyelinated axons were observed. These data have been compared with other ones collected from 3 acoustic neurinomas. These latter contained only one cellular type (very likely to be Schwann cell), much less collagen and no axon at all. A pathogenic and nosologic discussion is given.
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  • 14
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    Experimental brain research 6 (1968), S. 89-99 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Substantia gelatinosa ; Dorsal root fibers ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Operated rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The terminal degeneration in the substantia gelatinosa of the rat was studied with the Fink-Heimer silver technique following dorsal root section. Providing the survival time of the animal was in the range of 1–4 days, a massive degeneration was seen in lamina I, II and III of Rexed. The light microscope findings were corroborated by electronmicroscopic observations of degenerating boutons. Spinal cord material examined with silver methods one week after dorsal root section showed few signs of degeneration in the substantia gelatinosa. Although a significant dorsal root distribution to the substantia gelatinosa was found also in the cat, the terminal degeneration in lamina II showed considerable regional variations in this species.
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  • 15
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    Clinical and experimental medicine 148 (1968), S. 255-274 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Adipose tissue ; Fat cells ; Isolated fat cells ; Electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Tissu adipeux ; Cellules adipeuses isolées ; Microscopie électronique ; Ultrastructure ; Fixation de tissus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au cours de ces dernières années, la recherche biochimique au niveau du tissu adipeux a pris un très grand développement. La technique d'isolement des cellules adipeuses a beaucoup contribué à accroître la connaissance de leur métabolisme, rendant plus nécessaire encore l'étude des corrélations existant entre les données biochimiques et l'aspect ultrastructural. Ce travail porte sur la préparation de ce matériel pour l'observation au microscope électronique. Les cellules adipeuses sont des «gouttes» lipidiques recouvertes d'une fine couche de cytoplasme. La fragilité qui en résulte nécessite une préparation particulière: 1. les cellules doivent être maniées avec précaution tout au long de la préparation; 2. il faut fixer très peu de cellules à la fois; 3. cette fixation requiert une concentration élevée d'osmium, sans quoi les lipides de la cellule restent partiellement solubles dans les solvants employés pour la déshydratation. Il faut admettre que l'osmium modifie les propriétés de solubilité des triglycérides, probablement de par sa fixation au niveau des doubles liaisons, ou en facilitant une liaison en chaîne unissant les triglycérides entre eux par l'intermédiaire des doubles liaisons de leurs acides gras; 4. l'enrobage peut être fait au Vestopal ou à l'Epon, ce dernier étant techniquement plus maniable. Isolées, les cellules adipeuses sont semblables aux cellules fixéesin situ. Les cellules adipeuses présentent une particularité: la gouttelette lipidique est isolée du cytoplasme par une membrane elle-même doublée du côté cytoplasmique par des saccules du reticulum endoplasmique lisse disposés parallèlement à elle.
    Notes: Summary During these past years, an increasing attention has been paid to the biochemical aspects of metabolic regulation in adipose tissue. An important advance has been that of the availability of a technique for the isolation of adipose cells without contamination by any other cellular component. As yet, morphological investigations have not kept up with biochemical ones, and little is known about the ultrastructural aspects of isolated adipose cells. The present study describes the precautions required during the preparation of isolated adipose cells for study with the electron microscope. These cells are lipid “droplets” surrounded by an extremely thin cytoplasmatic layer and their fragility requires special precautions: 1. the cells must be carefully handled at all stages of preparation, avoiding mechanic or chemical trauma; 2. only small numbers of cells should be processed at any one time; 3. fixation requires a relatively high concentration of osmium to prevent continued partial solubility of the triglycerides in the solvents used for dehydration. It would seem that osmium modifies the solubility of triglycerides, probably through reaction at the level of the double bonds, perhaps facilitating cross-linkage between triglycerides at the level of the double bonds of the fatty acids involved; 4. either Vestopal or Epon can be used for embedding, Epon being somewhat easier to handle technically. Isolated adipose cells resemble in most aspects cells fixedin situ, while presenting one added particularity. In the isolated, spherical fat cell, the fat droplet is isolated from the cytoplasm by a membrane, which is itself associated with numerous saccules of smooth endoplasmic reticulum along the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane.
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  • 16
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 59-63 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,4-Dinitrobutan läßt sich mit Formaldehyd zum 2,5-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dinitro-hexan-1,6-diol (I) umsetzen. Durch katalytische Hydrierung konnte daraus das 2,5-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-diamino-hexan-1,6-diol (II) gewonnen werden. Mit Formaldehyd und primären Aminen liefert I 1,2-Bis-[5′(5′-nitro-1′,3′-dialkyl-hexahydro-pyrimidyl)]-äthane (III) und 1,2-Bis-[5′(5′-nitro-3′-alkyl-tetrahydro-1′,3′-oxazinyl)]-äthane (IV).
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  • 17
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 243-251 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurden verschiedenartig substituierte Acetylphenylester der Phosphor- und Thiophosphorsäure hergestellt und deren Wirksamkeit gegen Musca domestica geprüft. Es zeigte sich, daß eine lineare Abhängigkeit sowohl zwischen dem LD50-Wert und dem pK-Wert als auch zwischen dem LD50-Wert und der Verschiebung der Frequenz der OH-Valenzschwingung der zur Veresterung herangezogenen Phenole besteht, wenn diese in m- oder p-Stellung substituiert sind. Bei mehrfacher Substitution konnte diese Übereinstimmung nicht gefunden werden, da durch Wasserstoffbrückenbindung (o-Acetylphenol) oder sterische Hinderung, speziell bei angularen Erstsubstituenten (NO2- und COCH3Gruppe), die erwarteten Substitutionseinflüsse nicht voll wirksam werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 18
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 97-101 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über Darstellung und Eigenschaften von p-Nitrosocumol. p-Cumylborsäure, p-Cumylquecksilberacetat und einigen hiervon abgeleiteten Verbindungen berichtet, die als Modelle für substituierte Polystyrole dienen könen.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden die Ergebnisse von Phasengleichgewichtsmessungen am genannten System bei einer Schnittemperatur von 45,0 °C mitgeteilt. Des weiteren wird versucht, die Konzentrationsabhängigkeit des Phasengleichgewichtes durch einen ternären MARGULES-Ansatz zu interpretieren und die von SCHUBERTH in (2) dargelegte Behauptung der besseren Darstellbarkeit mit B′=B′13 + B′23 gegenüber B′ = 0 zu überprüfen. Die hinreichend konsistenten Meßergebnisse scheinen eine Bestätigung der aufgestellten Behauptung zu erbringen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 20
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 182-191 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterocyclische Hydrazine reagieren mit 2-Amino-1,3,4-oxdiazolen in Gegenwart von HCl unter Bildung von 1-Acyl-diaminoguanidinen, die in 5-Stellung heterocyclisch substituiert sind und bei der Oxydation 1-Acyl-C-amino-formazane liefern.In siedender Alkalilauge cyclisieren die Diaminoguanidine zu den Azobasen der in Nβ-Stellung heterocyclisch substituierten 5-Hydrazino-1,2,4-triazole.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 21
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 22
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 214-224 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über das Verhalten von Äthylaluminiumsesquichlorid, Triäthylaluminium und Diäthylaluminiumhydrid gegenüber Methylenchlorid, Chloroform und Tetrachlorkohlenstoff unter verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen berichtet.Methylenchlorid und Chloroform werden durch Äthylaluminiumsesquichlorid nicht angegriffen, durch Triäthylaluminium langsam enthalogeniert. Dagegen reagiert Tetrachlorkohlenstoff sehr heftig mit den ersten beiden Äthylaluminium-Verbindungen und führt zu Explosionen. Methylenchlorid eignet sich sehr gut als Lösungsmittel für aluminiumorganische Synthesen, wie bei der Darstellung von Ketonen aus Säurechloriden mit Hilfe von Äthylaluminiumsesquichlorid gezeigt wird.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 23
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 252-256 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Entgegen einer älteren Literaturangabe, wonach Einwirkung von Luftsauerstoff auf Isobutyraldehyd-diphenylaminal zu Hydrazobenzol führen soll, wurde festgestellt, daß unter C—C-Spaltung Diphenyl-formamidin entsteht. Die Reaktion läßt sich auf Aminale des p-Toluidins und des p-Chlor-anilins übertragen.
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  • 24
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 263-268 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Iron(III) forms in the aqueous medium a green complex with 8-hydroxy quinoline 7-sulfonic acid with maximum absorbence at 610 mμ, stable in the pH range 3-4. The composition of the complex as established by three different methods spectrophotometrically is Fe(III) EHQS (where EHQS is the abreviation used for 8-hydroxy quinoline 7-sulfonic acid). The stability constant calculated by the methods of BANERJI and DEY (1) and themole-ratio method (2) was found to be log K = 3.8 ± 0.05 at 25°C and the heat of formation was found to be = -5.24 k. cal/mole at 25°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 25
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,4-Dioxan, Tetrahydrofuran and Dimethoxyäthan wurden unter Hochvakuum-Bedingungen über Kalium getrocknet und anschließend entgast. Die UV-Spektren und die elektrischen Leitfähigkeiten der hochgereinigten Äther wurden gemessen. Die Lösungsmittel konnten unter Hochvakuum-Bedingungen für einen beliebig langen Zeitraum ohne Veränderungen dieser physiko-chemischen Eigenschaften aufbewahrt werden. Behandlung mit Kalium unter Hochvakuum-Bedingungen führte zu einer teilweisen Spaltung der hochgereinigten Äther und hatte eine erhöhte elektrische Leitfähigkeit und Lichtabsorption zur Folge.
    Notes: 1,4-Dioxan, Tetrahydrofuran and Dimethoxyethan were dried over potassium and subsequently degassed, under high vacuum conditions. The u. v. spectra and the electric conductivities of the high purity ethers were measured. The solvents could be stored under high vacuum conditions for an unlimited period of time, without any changes of their physico-chemical properties. Treatment with potassium under high vacuum conditions caused a partial cleavage of the high purity ethers resulting in increased electric conductance and absorption of light.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 26
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 64-71 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese neuer Theophyllin- und Coffein-mercapto-essig- und -propionsäuren sowie einiger Ester derselben beschrieben.
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  • 27
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 91-96 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Über die Bildung von p-Nitrosopolystyrol bei der Reaktion von Polystyrolquecksilberacetat mit Nitrosylchlorid wird berichtet, und es werden einige Umsetzungen an p-Nitrosopolystyrol beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 28
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 113-121 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch kinetische Untersuchungen der Oxiranringöffnung mit Hilfe von Modellsubstanzen wird gefunden, daß die sterische Behinderung der Epoxidgruppe am Bicycloheptanring von Dicyclopentadien-dioxid bei der Reaktion mit Halogenwasserstoff in Dioxan nicht auf die Endomethylengruppe, sondern auf das während der Reaktion primär gebildete Halogenhydrin am Cyclopentanring zurückzuführen ist.Der starke Unterschied in der Reaktivität von HCl und HBr bei der Oxiranringöffnung von Dicyclopentadiendioxid in wasserfreiem bzw. wasserhaltigem Dioxan findet seine Erklärung in unterschiedlicher Protonenkonzentration des Reaktionsmediums. H0-Messungen mit verschiedenen Indikatoren liefern für HBr-Dioxan-Lösungen stets niedrigere H0-Werte als für entsprechende HCl-Dioxan-Lösungen.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 30
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 41-46 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Protonierung der mit Thiotroponen iso-π-elektronischen Trithione (I), Isotrithione (II) und α-Dithiopyrone (III) sowie die Protonierung des Dithiobenzoesäure-methylesters (IV) und der cyclischen Trithiocarbonate (V) in wäßriger Schwefelsäure untersucht. Die H0-Werte der Halbprotonierung werden spektrophotometrisch abgeleitet und die Basizitäten mit den HMO-Elektronendichten verglichen.
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  • 31
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 72-77 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Umsetzungen von 1,8-Bis-brommethyl-naphthalin mit Dimethylsulfoxid, Na2S, NH3 und N-Bromsuccinimid werden beschrieben. Aus 1,8-Bis-dibrommethyl-naphthalin wurde über 1,3-Dimethoxy-1 H, 3H-naptho[1,8-cd]pyran und 1,3-Dihydroxy-1H,3H-naphtho[1,8-cd]pyran Naphthalin-1,8-dialdehyd dargestellt.
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  • 32
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 33
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über die Darstellung eines makromolekularen Polyradikals vom Diphenylstickstoffoxid-Typ berichtet. Die Struktur wird durch UV- und ESR-Spektren belegt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 34
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 200-205 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über die Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Diselenoxanthogen-, Diselenokarbaminsäureestern, einigen Selenoharnstoffen und über die Reaktion von Diselenoxanthogenat mit Phosphoroxychlorid berichtet. Auf Versuche zur Darstellung von Bis(N,N-dialkylselenokarbamyl) diseleniden wird hingewiesen.
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  • 35
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 225-233 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The four geometric isomers of the 1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexanes, ctt, ctc, cct and ccc have been synthesized, characterized and their physical constants determined.In the course of the work the stereospecifity of a catalytic reduction method of some olefins and the WOLFF-KISHNER reduction of some ketones were demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 36
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 234-242 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Für die Bestimmung von Zink in Pflanzensubstanzen eignen sich absorptionsflammen-photometrische und polarographische Methoden.Mit den zur Verfügung stehenden Gerätekombinationen konnten Messungen im Bereich von 1-5 μg Zn/ml bzw. 1-25 μg Zn/ml Meßlösung vorgenommen werden. Die Streubereiche betragen ±3,17 ppm bzw. ±3,25 ppm. Für die polarographische Bestimmung müssen störendes Phosphat und Sulfat durch Passage einer Kationenaustauschersäule abgetrennt werden. Die absorptionsflammenphotometrische Bestimmung wird durch die in Pflanzenproben vorliegenden Anionen und Kationen nicht gestört, sofern die Messung in 0,1 n HCl erfolgt. Für serienmäßige Arbeiten eignet sich das letztgenannte Verfahren besser, da mit dem polarographischen Verfahren bei gleicher Aufschlußprozedur nur die Hälfte an Bestimmungen geschafft wird. Dagegen ergibt sich bei diesem die Möglichkeit, in geringen Meßlösungsmengen von 0,5 ml zu messen. Die atomabsorptionsphotometrische Methode benötigt mindestens 3 ml Meßlösung.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monoalkylhydrazine werden erhalten, indem man in wäßriger Lösung Cyclohexanon nd ein Alkylamin mit Hydroxylamin-O-sulfonsäure zu einem 1-alkyl-3,3-pentamethylendiaziridin umsetzt und dieses nach Extraktion mit Toluol ohne Isolierung zu Monoalkylhydrazin und Cyclohexanon hydrolysiert. Durch Umsetzung von Monoalkylhydrazinen mit Kaliumcyanat zu 2-Alkyl-semicarbaziden und deren Fällung mit p-Nitrobenzaldehyd lassen sich gut kristallisierende Derivate herstellen. Durch Aminierung mit Hydroxylamin O—N-disulfonsäure werden Monoalkylhydrazine zu Stickstoff und zum entsprechenden Alkan abgebaut; letzteres wird gaschromatographisch identifiziert.
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  • 38
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 269-277 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von Aldonsäurehydraziden mit Bromcyan entstehen 2-Amino-5-polyhydroxyalkyl-1,3,4-oxidiazole, die sich mit Wasser in die entsprechenden Semicarbazide, mit Laugen in die entsprechenden 1,2,4-Triazolone-(5) umwandeln lassen. Die Polyhydroxy-1,3,4-oxidiazole lassen sich total acetylieren.
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  • 39
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 301-301 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 40
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 311-318 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden Versuche zur Darstellung 5′-substituierter Thymidine aus 5′-O-Arylsulfonylthymidinen beschrieben. Während die Knüpfung neuer C—O- oder von C—S-Bindungen nach Austritt der Arylsulfonyloxy-Gruppe am C-5′ prinzipiell möglich ist, wird bei Versuchen zur Knüpfung einer C—C-Bindung am C-5′ mit Kaliumcyanid O2,5′-Cyclo-thymidin erhalten. Mit Ammoniak reagieren die 5′-O-Arylsulfonyl-thymidine über O2,5′-Cyclothymidin zu 1-(2′-Desoxyribofuranosyl)-5-methyl-isocytosin und 5-Methylisocytosin.
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  • 41
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 9-19 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Der Hexamycinbildner 4/122 gehört zur Gattung Streptomyces. Für die Fermentation erwies sich ein Nährmedium mit Sojabohnenmehl am geeignetsten. Das Hexaenantibiotikum wurde aus dem Myzel mit Methanol und aus dem Kulturfiltrat mit n-Butanol extrahiert. Nach Abtrennen eines „ätherlöslichen Antibiotikums“ wurde das Rohprodukt mit Wasser extrahiert und durch Craig-Verteilung im System n-Propanol-Äther-Wasser (1:3:3) gereinigt. Lyophilisation aus tert.-Amylalkohol führte zu einer gelben, amorphen. Substanz.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 42
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 50-56 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese des vollständig geschützten Pentapeptids BOC-Orn(Z)-D-Leu-Ile-Orn(Z)-Orn(Z)-OMe beschrieben. Der Aufbau gelingt vorteilhaft durch stufenweise Synthese vom Carboxylende her unter Benutzung der Carbodiimid-, gemischten Anhydrid und Nitrophenylester-Methode.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 43
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 88-100 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die WOLFF-Umlagerung der 1-Phthaloylamino-3-diazo-alkanone-(2) I a-d in Gegenwart von Anilin, DL-α-Phenyläthylamin, DL-β-Amino-β-phenyl-propionsäureäthylester and DL-Phenylalaninestern unter katalytischer Wirkung von Silberoxid oder durch Photolyse führt zu Derivaten des β-Alanins, der β-Amino-α-methyl-propionsäure, der β-Amino-α-äthyl-propionsäure und der β-Amino-β-phenyl-propionsäure. Die Verseifung der Estergruppierung der auf diesem Wege zugänglichen β-Phthaloylamino-propionyl-aminosäureester und anschließende Hydrazinolyse gibt die entweder aus zwei β-Aminosäuren oder einer β- und einer α-Aminosäure aufgebauten Dipeptide.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 44
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 119-124 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of (i) NaHg(CN)2(Cl)(H2O), (ii) NaHg(CN)2(Br)(H2O), (iii) NaHg(CN)2(CNS)(H2O), (iv) KHg(CN)2(Br) and (v) KHg(CN)2(CNS) has been studied by infrared spectroscopy. The structure of the anions of I, III and V complexes have been derived on the basis of characteristic absorption frequencies and other known properties and of II and IV on the basis of analogy as the CN groups in these complexes are infrared inactive. CN in these anions are linked as cyanide groups and SCN as isothiocyanate group in V. In III SCN is present both as thiocyanate and isothiocyanate group. III is monomeric with water as a coordinating group. In I and II water is not expected to be a ligand to Hg. Anions of I, II, IV and V are predominantly dimeric with CN as bridging group in the first three and SCN in V.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 45
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 142-146 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über eine einfache und verallgemeinerungsfähige Synthese von Derivaten des Thiapyrons-(2) berichtet. Die Darstellung gelingt durch Umsetzung der β-Mercaptoverbindungen α, β-ungesättigter Carbonsäureester mit monosubstituierten Malonylchloriden.
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  • 46
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 177-181 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, daß für N-Acyl-oxazolidine, -1,3-tetrahydrooxazine, -1,3-hexahydrooxazepine, 2-Alkyl-Δ2-thiazoline und 2-Alkyl-Δ2-thiazine Absorptionen im Bereich zwischen 900 und 1000 cm-1 charakteristisch sind. Diese Verbindungen wurden außerdem gaschromatographisch untersucht.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 47
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 199-206 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über Untersuchungen des Verlaufs der Oxydation bei geradkettigen Monoolefinen am Modell Dodecen-1 berichtet, insbesondere über den stimulierenden Einfluß eines Zusatzes von Ozon zum Oxydationsgas auf den Reaktionsablauf.
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  • 48
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 246-252 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Interaction of the 1:1 Th-EDTA diaquo chelate with lactic, mandelic, o-hydroxy naphthoic acids has been investigated by the potentiometric technique. Formation of the mixed ligand chelate derivatives was indicated above pH 5.5. Equilibrium constants of the reactions have been determined.
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  • 49
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 262-265 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the analysis of microgram quantities of chloride and sulfate in nickel and nickel nitrate is given. The reliability of the method has been shown by a quantitative recovery of added chloride and sulfate from a solution of nickel nitrate. The method is being applied for the determination of these impurities in electrodeposited nickel. Methods are also given for the determination of boron and sulfide, found as impurities, in the electrodeposited nickel.
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  • 50
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 289-294 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Visible absorption spectra of Nickel (II) sulphate and various aliphatic amines were analysed, in order to extract information regarding each of amine Nickel (II) complex. The presence of six different complexes i.e., mono, di, tri, tetra, penta and hexamines have been indicated by the shift of absorption maxima for these. The energy changes of complexes due to exchange of water ligands with amines have been calculated and an interpretation is offered for this shift in the observed position of absorption maxima.
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  • 51
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 301-304 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the physicochemical properties like refractive index, spectrophotometry, conductivity and pH measurements of a series of mixed solutions of uranyl nitrate and mercurous nitrate have shown the existence of two complexes in solution in the (1:1) and (1:2) molecular ratios respectively viz. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm UO}_2 \left({{\rm NO}_3 } \right)_2 \cdot {\rm Hg}_2 \left({{\rm NO}_3 } \right)_2,} \hfill & {\left({\rm i} \right)} \hfill \\ {{\rm UO}_2 \left({{\rm NO}_3 } \right)_2 \cdot 2{\rm Hg}_2 \left({{\rm NO}_3 } \right)_2,} \hfill & {\left({{\rm ii}} \right)} \hfill \end{array} $$\end{document}Both the above mentioned compounds have been detected only in the solution by the breaks in the usual curves when various properties like conductivity, refractive index, spectrophotometry and pH were plotted against the m.l. of mercuric nitrate (M/10) added to a fixed volume of uranyl nitrate (M/10).
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  • 52
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 358-361 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A rapid amperometric method for the determination of vanadium (V) has been described which involves titration of vanadium (V) as sodium orthovanadate against copper sulphate solution at Ede = - 0.20 V (vs S.C.E.). The accuracy and reproducability of the method is excellent particularly at higher temperature i.e. at 60°C. The method permits the determination of vanadium (V) down to 0.2 mM with an accuracy 1.0%).
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  • 53
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 366-368 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three hexaco-ordinated complexes of nickel (II) acetate with ammonia, ethylenediamine and propylenediamine have been prepared. Conductivity measurements indicate the complexes to be non-electrolytes. Molecular weight measurements confirm this. The visible absorption spectrophotometric measurements show a number of bands corresponding to the various permitted transitions of the metal and a discussion of the structure in the light of these transitions is presented.
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  • 54
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 375-377 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some complexes of cerium (IV) sulphate with ammonia and primary aliphatic amines have been prepared. The molecular formulae on the basis of analysis turn out to be Ce(SO4)2 · 4 amine. The complexes behave as electrolytes. The absorption spectra have been recorded and an interpretation is offered for possible transitions.Lanthanides, and cerium in particular are receiving special attention these days. A number of complexes of latter with various ligands and anions have been reported1-5). In the present paper some complexes of cerium (IV) sulphate with ammonia, methyl, ethyl, propyl and butylamine are being presented.
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  • 55
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 369-374 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some substituted sulphonamides have been cyanoethylated and they were subjected to reduction. On hydrolysis with aqueous and alcoholic sodium hydroxide the cyanoethylated sulphonamides gave decyanoethylated products identical to the original sulphonamides.
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  • 56
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 378-381 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some molecular addition compounds of cobalt (II) oxalate with primary aliphatic amines have been prepared. The general molecular formula on the basis of analysis of constituent elements turn out to be CoC2O4 · RNH2. The formation of compounds is independent of the excess amine concentration. The compounds behave as electrolytes. The molecular weight measurements and VAN'T HOFF factor “i” also confirm this fact.
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  • 57
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 386-390 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of 3-methyl-6,7-benzo-5′(4′)-methyl furano-(2′,3′,1,2) xanthones has been recorded.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 58
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 382-385 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The co-ordination compounds of tripositive iron with nitrogen containing ligands have been found to be of high spin type on the basis of magnetism. The ultraviolet and visible absorption measurements show three bands in the vicinity of 21 400 cm-1, 17 480 cm-1 and 10 650 cm-1.
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  • 59
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 391-396 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5- und 6-gliedrige 2-Alkyl-cycloalkandione-(1, 3) erhält man durch Umsetzung von Dicarbonsäurehalogeniden mit Carbonsäuren oder von Carbonsäurehalogeniden mit Dicarbonsäuren unter FRIEDEL-CRAFTS-Bedingungen.
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  • 60
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 34-39 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über Darstellung, Analyse und einige Eigenschaften der 2-Methylmercapto-4-methylphenylarsonsäure berichtet. Folgende Reaktionswege führten zum Ziel: (a) 4-Methylanilin → 2-Nitro-4-methylanilin → 2-Nitro-4-methylphenylarsonsäure → 2-Amino-4-methylphenylarsonsäure → 2-Methylmercapto-4-methylphenylarsonsäure; (b) 4-Methylanilin → 2-Amino-6-methylbenzthiazol → 2-Mercapto-4-methylanilin (alkalische Lösung) → 2-Methylmercapto-4-methylanilin → 2-Methylmercapto-4-methylphenylarsonsäure.
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  • 61
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 162-167 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Umsetzung der Acetonketale des Glycerins und des Trimethylolpropans mit Adipinsäureanhydrid liefert Adipinmono- und -diester. Durch nachfolgende Abspaltung der Acetonschutzgruppierungen gelangt man zu Mono-[2, 3-dihydroxypropyl]-adipat, Bis-[2, 3-dihydroxypropyl]-adipat, Mono-[2, 2-dihydroxymethyl-butyl]-adipat, Bis-[2, 2-dihydroxymethyl-butyl]-adipat.
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  • 62
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 20-33 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das UV-Spektrum des Hexamycins besitzt Maxima bei 336, 356 und 376 nm. Im IR-Spektrum ist die typische Bande der Makrolid-Polyenantibiotika bei 1712 cm-1 enthalten. Der Schmelzpunkt beträgt 120-125°C, das Äquivalentgewicht 824, die Molmasse liegt zwischen 700 und 800. Hexamycin ist in polaren organischen Lösungsmitteln löslich und unlöslich in Wasser und nicht polaren Lösungsmitteln. Lösungen der Substanz verlieren ihre antibiotische Aktivität sowohl durch Erhitzen als auch bei längerem Stehen. Von 21 geprüften Mikroorganismen, vorwiegend Pilze, werden weit über die Hälfte durch 2-32 μg/ml gehemmt. Der Einfluß des Hexamycins auf die Polyphenoloxydase- und Peroxydaseaktivität ist gering. Die Atmung von Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen wird durch Hexamycin beträchtlich gemindert.
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  • 63
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 57-68 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Ergebnisse von Gleichgewichts- und kinetischen Messungen der syn-parallelen Cyclisierung diastereomerer 1,2-Aminoalkohole mit Ketonen werden diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, daß in der Mehrzahl der untersuchten Fälle sterische Faktoren die Gleichgewichtslage und die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit entscheidend beeinflussen.
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  • 64
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 101-106 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monothio-dibenzoylmethan ist wesentlich reaktionsfähiger als Dibenzoylmethan. Die üblichen Carbonylreagenzien greifen stets zuerst die Thiocarbonylgruppe an. Die Monokondensationsprodukte sind daher schwefelfrei. Wenn sich Bis-kondensationsprodukte bilden, wird zuerst H2S und dann H2O abgespalten. Die Umlagerung der Enol-Form des Monothio-dibenzoylmethans in die Enthiol-Form erfolgt wahrscheinlich direkt und nicht über die Oxo-thioxo-Form.
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  • 65
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 130-136 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High frequency ultrasonic waves of frequency 1 Mc/s. have been employed to study the decolourization of dilute aqueous solution of crystal violet. The process is irreversible and the kinetic study shows it to be unimolecular one. The deaeration of the solution by nitrogen does not affect the rate of the decolourization. The addition of certain substances such as alcohol, acetone, ether, glycerine, dioxan and allylthiourea inhibits the decolourization to a considerable extent. Oxidation and subsequent destruction of the dye molecule has been found to be the cause of the fading of the dye solution.
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  • 66
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 147-149 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ätherische Titantetramethyllösungen lassen sich einfach durch Einwirkung von Titan(IV)-chlorid auf Methylmagnesiumhalogenidlösungen darstellen. Geeignete Apparaturen werden im folgenden beschrieben.
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  • 67
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 168-176 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2α, 3α- und 2β, 3β- Benzoylimino-cholestan werden durch Natriumjodid in siedendem Aceton zu 2′-Phenyl-(2α, 3α)-oxazolino-[5′, 4′:2, 3]-cholestan bzw. 2′-Phenyl-(2β, 3β)-oxazolino-[5′, 4′:3, 2]-cholestan umgelagert. Mit Bortrifluoridätherat in absolutem Äther bildet 2α, 3α-Benzoylimino-cholestan ebenfalls 2′-Phenyl-(2α, 3α)-oxazolino-[5′, 4′:2, 3]-cholestan. Dagegen erfolgt durch verdünnte Schwefelsäure oder Pikrinsäure in Aceton sowie durch Benzoesäureanhydrid oder Pikrinsäure in Alkohol Ringöffnung zu 2-Hydroxybzw. Alkoxybenzamiden. Die Ringschlußreaktion des diaxialen 2β-Chlor-3α-benzaminocholestan führt mit Natriumhydrogenkarbonat zum Oxazolin, während mit Kaliumhydroxid 2α, 3α-Imino-cholestan entsteht.
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  • 68
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 207-221 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über Untersuchungen zur Epoxidbildung bei der Oxydation geradkettiger Olefine berichtet. Diese kann durch Zusatz von Ozonid oder Carbonyl auf über 50% des umgesetzten Olefins erhöht werden.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 69
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 192-199 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carboxyl- bzw. Aldehyd-geschützte Glyoxylsäurederivate wurden für Isonitril-Reaktionen nach UGI eingestzt: Glyoxylsäureamide gaben je nach Reaktionskomponenten Diamide der Aminomalonsäure oder Derivate des Tetrazolyglycins. - Acetale von Glyoxyloylaminosäureamiden (9a, b) wurden aus Dialkoxyessigsäure gewonnen. Das analog aus Dichloressigsäure zugängliche Dichloracetylderivat 9c gab mit Amin ein Aminal, das sich ebenso wie 9a sauer zum entsprechenden 2-Hydroxypiperazin-dion-(3,6) 11a hydrolysieren ließ. - Lävulinsäure konnte mit Amin/Isonitril zu Pyrrolidon-5-carbonsäureamiden cyclisiert Werden.
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  • 70
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 302-310 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Aminomethylierun von aliphatischen α-Keto-dicarbonsäurediäthylestern und Dicarbonsäurediäthylestern mit mittelständiger Ketofunktion ergab Dimethylaminomethyl-keto-dicarbonsäurediäthylester, deren Hydrochloride thermolytisch in die entsprechenden Methylen-keto-dicarbonsäurediäthylester übergeführt wurden.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 71
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed analytical scheme for the determination of different sulphur compound types in Bakr crude oil distillate fractions up to 350°C was carried out. The quantitative distribution of elemental sulphur, hydrogen sulphide, mercaptans, aliphatic sulphides, aromatic sulphides, reducible and thiophenic sulphur compound types was studied.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 72
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 40-49 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese von Sultamen des p-Xylidins, des 2-Amino-1,3-dimethylbenzols, des 2-Aminoanthrachinons, der p-Aminosalicylsäure und der m-Aminosalicylsäure und einiger ihrer Derivate wird beschrieben. Aus den Butadien-(1,3)-sultamen von zwei Xylidinen konnten die entsprechenden N-Dimethylphenyl-pyrrole hergestellt werden.
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  • 73
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 77-87 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Reaktion von primären langkettigen Alkylhalogeniden mit Alkalicyanat in Dimethylformamid verläuft in Gegenwart stöchiometrischer Wassermengen schnell und vollständig zu den entsprechenden N,N′-Dialkylharnstoffen. Langkettige α,ω-Dihalogenalkane setzen sich analog zu den entsprechenden Polyharnstoffen um. Sekundäre Alkylhalogenide lassen sich mit schlechteren Ausbeuten in verzweigte N,N′-Dialkylharnstoffe überführen. Die als Zwischenprodukte zu erwartenden Alkylisocyanate konnten isoliert werden.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 74
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 113-118 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird eine neue Gruppe thiophosphororganischer Verbindungen O,O-Dialkyl-S-(aryldisulfido)-dithiophosphate und deren IR-Spektren berichtet.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 75
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 153-163 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The occurrence of so-called synchronous 7-centre-fragmentation has been excluded for γ-amino-ketoxime derivatives N—C—C—C—C=N—X. Fragmentation may occur, however, by another route.Reaction rates of the p-toluenesulfonates of (4-quinuclidinyl)-methyl-ketoxime (10b) and (3β-tropanyl)-methyl-ketoxime (14b) in 80% ethanol and the resulting products have been determined. Whereas the latter γ-aminoketoxime underwent quantitative BECKMANN rearrangement to 3β-acetylaminotropane (29), the former yielded 3% fragmentation products besides rearranged 4-acetylamino-quinuclidine (13).A kinetic study reveals that both 10b and 14b react via the rearranged nitrilium ions 12a and 16a, respectively. In the case of the N-(4-quinuclidinyl)-acetonitrilium ion (12a) 5-centre-fragmentation competes with hydration to the amide 13.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (1) A method is described which allows the elucidation of the structure of cotton cross-linked with formaldehyde. It consists of a permethylation process (5 methylations with dimethyl sulphate and sodium hydroxide in dimethyl sulphoxide, followed by two exchange methylations of the formalised sodium cellulosate with methyl iodide in n-butanol), hydrolysis of the product in 72% sulphuric acid to the respective methylated glucoses, reduction of the mixture of glucoses to the respective sorbitols, blocking of all free hydroxyl groups by acetylation, trifluoroacetylation or formation of trimethylsilyl ethers, and vapour phase chromatographic separation of the derivatives.(2) It is shown that after permethylation practically no free hydroxyl groups can be detected and that scarcely any replacement of methylene or oxymethylene cross-links by methyl groups has taken place. With the exception of losses in filtration of the permethylation product, all stages of the process proceed on an almost quantitative basis.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction between phenol and trans penta-2,4-dienyl chloride gave trans penta-2,4-dienyl Phenyl ether (I), whereas with a mixture of sorbyl chloride and 1-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl chloride, pure trans, trans hexa-2,4-dienyl phenyl ether (IV) and trans 1-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl phenyl ether (V) were obtained. The ether I gave, on heating in dilute solution at 185°, 4-(penta-2,4-dienyl)-phenol (III) as the main product, and also some 2-(2-vinylallyl)-phenol (II). The ether IV provided, on heating at 165°, in addition to the ortho CLAISEN rearrangement product VI, mainly a mixture consisting of 94% 4-(1-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl)-phenol (VIII) and only 6% 4-(hexa-2,4-dineyl)-phenol(IX). The latter product (IX) was the only para isomer produced on heating ether V, but in addition 22% of the ortho rearrangement product VII was formed.The migrations I → III, IV → VIII, and V → IX, proceeding through a ten membered transition state, are the first [5,5] sigmatropic rearrangements described.
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  • 78
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 206-210 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A total synthesis of hystrine has been realised with good yield by the introduction of a double link into the piperidine nucleus of synthetic ammodendrine, followed by deacetylation, and purification with the aid of the nitroso derivative.The identity of the synthetic product with authentic hystrine was established by its chromatographic behaviour, by UV.-, IR.- and mass spectra as well as by the properties of its nitroso derivative. Thus the proposed structure of hystrine as 3-(2, 3, 4, 5-tetrahydropyrid-6-yl)-1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydropyridine (V) is proved.
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  • 79
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The phase diagram of the technical important fusion system pyridine-aluminiumchloride was determined by classical thermo-analysis, proving the existance of a hitherto unknown pyridine-aluminium chloride 2:1 complex.
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  • 80
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 311-325 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pachybiose (1) is shown to be 4-O-(3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-β-D-allopyranosyl)-D-oleandrose and asclepobiose (14) 4-O-(3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-β-D-allopyranosyl)-D-cymarose.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Condensation of the tetrahydropyranyl ether of the α-hydroxyalkyl-thioamides with 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-2-pentanones yields DL-2-(α-hydroxyalkyl)-4-methyl-5-(β-hydroxyethyl)-thiazoles. By oxidation with chromic anhydride 2-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-5-(β-acetoxyethyl)-thiazole yields the corresponding 2-formyl derivative. The latter compound reacted with GRIGNARD complexes gives the homologous DL-2-(α-hydroxyalkyl)-4-methyl-5-(β-hydroxyethyl)-thiazoles. This is a general method for the synthesis of the thiazole part of the «active aldehydes».2-Acetyl-4-methyl-5-(β-hydroxyethyl)-thiazole is also obtained by chromic oxidation of the suitable methylthiazol-2-yl-carbinol.The condensation of the thioamides obtained from the α-ethoxycarbonyl-nitriles with 3-bromo-5-acetoxy-2-pentanone results in the DL-2-(α-ethoxycarbonyl-alkyl)-4-methyl-5-(β-acetoxyethyl)-thiazoles. The α-hydroxyl function is introduced into the 2-(α-ethoxycarbonyl-alkyl) group by chlorination with sulfuryl chloride and replacement of the introduced chlorine by acetate. The latter compounds are the esters of the thiazole part of the «active α-oxo-carboxylic acids» (e.g. active pyruvate, etc.).The reaction of 2-(α-hydroxyalkyl)-4-methyl-5-(β-hydroxyethyl)-thiazoles and 2-(α-ethoxycarbonyl-α-acetoxy-alkyl)-4-methyl-5-(β-acetoxyethyl)-thiazoles, respectively, with alkyl, alkenyl and aralkyl haloids, or with 2-methyl-4-amino-5-bromomethyl-pyrimidine hydrobromide results in the quaternary thiazolium compounds belonging to the group of the active aldehydes, active α-oxo-carboxylic acids, etc. According to this method 2-hydroxymethyl-thiamine bromide hydro-bromide has been synthesized, which can be considered as the pyrophosphate-free «active formal-dehyde».The 2-α-hydrogen atom in 2-(α-hydroxyalkyl)-thiazolium compounds cannot be replaced by deuterium under conditions similar to those used for the H → D exchange in thiamine.The main peaks in the mass spectra of 2-(α-hydroxyalkyl) substituted thiazoles and thiazolium quaternary salts are listed.
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  • 82
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The authors propose for the characterization of strepogenic substances of known composition the specific activity, i. e. the number of WOOLLEY units per μmole.Starting from L-leucyl-L-cystinyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-glutamic acid (of very high strepogenine activity, 400 WOOLLEY units per mg, 230 WOOLLEY units per μmole) seven peptides have been synthesized by suppression and/or replacement of amino acid residues. A study of the relation between activity and structure of these peptides shows that: In this group cystine is an indispensable element for activity.This amino acid must either be linked on each side to leucine residues or linked by its carboxyles to leucine, its amino groups being free.From these results, the conception emerges that the strepogenine polypeptides may be characterized by an amino acid (in this group of peptides, cystine) which must be linked to particular amino acid residues. If this conception is correct, there should exist several types of strepogenines depending on the nature of the amino acid essential for their activity.
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  • 83
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Disazo dyes from 6-amino-1-hydroxy-naphthalene-3-sulfonic acid (J acid) were synthesized by coupling ortho-hydroxy monoazo dyes with different diazonium compounds in acid medium (dyes No 3-14. A second coupling to the ortho position of the amino group was also possible with the copper complexes of o,o' -dihydroxy monoazo dyes from 8-amino-1-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid (H acid) dyes No 19-22). This is a reversal of the well known rule that the formation of disazo dyes with aminonaphthol-sulfonic acids is only practicable when an acid coupling is followed by an alkaline one. 5-Amino-1-hydroxy-naphthalene-3-sulfonic acid (M acid), which is said to form no disazo dyes, could be coupled twice with several diazonium compounds to yield disazo dyes (dyes No 24, 26, 27, 29).
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  • 84
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 94-105 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction of murexide with different divalent metal ions of class A and B have been measured by the temperature-jump-relaxation method. The second-order formation rate constant increases in the sequence Ni2+ 〈 Co2+ 〈 Mn2+ 〈 Zn2+ 〈 Cd2+ ˜ Cu2+ ˜ Ca2+ 〈 Sr2+ 〈 Ba2+ 〈 Pb2+.Thermodynamic data obtained from kinetic and equilibrium studies, respectively, are in good agreement. The results are compared with the characteristic rate constants for H2O-exchange in the inner coordination sphere of these metal ions, which follow the same sequence. The rate constants of the reaction of murexide with various trivalent metal ions, including the lanthanides, are also discussed in terms of current ideas on metal complex formation.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The total or partial structure determinations of some new components from Dregea abyssinica are reported. The four drebyssogenins (F, G, J and H) are esters of the drevogenins P (7) and D(9) and have the following structures: Drebyssogenin F (5) = 11-O-acetyl-12-O-(α-hydroxyisovaleryl)-drevogenin P, drebyssogenin G (14) = 11-O-acetyl-12-O-isovaleryl-drevogenin D, drebyssogenin J (15) = 11, 12-di-O-acetyl-drevogenin D. Drebyssogenin K is a mixture of K1 (16) and K2 (17), the mono-O-tiglyl and mono-O-isovaleryl derivatives of drevogenin D respectively, with as yet undetermined position of the acyl residues. The drebyssosides 1, 2 and 3 are glycosides of trisaccharides. Drebyssoside 1 (2) is pachybiosyl-cymarosyl-drevogenin A, drebyssoside 2 (3) asclepobiosyl-cymarosyl-drevogenin A and drebyssoside 3 (6) pachybiosyl-cymarosyl-drebyssogenin F. Drebyssoside 4 is a mixture of at least two components and contains the same aglycones and the same sugar units as the drebyssosides 1 and 3, but is different from them. The full structure of the two sugars (drebyssobiose (25) and sugar T (24)) has not been determined; it is only shown that both are disaccharides which contain 3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-allose linked to a 2-deoxyhexose.
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  • 86
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 526-529 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new organo-metallic titanium-zinc compound [Ti(C5H5)2Cl]2ZnCl2 has been isolated. Its structure has been characterised by means of spectroscopic, susceptibility and dipole measurements.
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  • 87
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 529-532 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton spectrum of furan oriented in the nematic phase of anisoleazophenyl-n-capronate has been analysed. The ratios of the various interproton distances as well as the orientation parameters and the signs of the indirect coupling constants for furan are determined.
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  • 88
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 569-576 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In earlier publications [1] [2] [3] [4] a pyranoid structure has been proposed for the sugar moiety of imidazoline and imidazolidine derivatives from D-glucosamine. But by NMR.-spectra and periodate oxidation the sugar moiety of these compounds and of similar derivatives from other 2-amino-2-deoxy-sugars is now shown to be of furanoid structure.
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  • 89
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 598-598 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 90
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 91
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1037-1051 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The present day quantum chemistry is mathematically based on von NEUMANN'S formulation of quantum mechanics and therefore not able to deal correctly with anomal quantum states. A general theory of large molecules and large molecular systems has to be founded on quantum field theory allowing for inequivalent irreducible representations. It is proposed to formulate quantum chemistry in the framework of the B*-algebra of the observables. The paradox of molecular systems having an infinite number of degrees of freedom is discussed, and the possible significance of anomal molecular quantum states for molecular biology is pointed out.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of 2β-tosyloxy-A-nor-5α-cholestane-5-ol (2) with t-butoxide in t-butanol gave 2α, 5-epoxy-A-nor-5α-cholestane (3) in quantitative yield.When A-nor-5β-cholestane-2α, 5-diol (4) was treated with tosyl chloride in pyridine 2β-chloro-A-nor-5β-cholestane-5-ol (7) and 2α-tosyloxy-A-nor-5β-cholestane-5-ol (8) were obtained. Whereas the chloride 7 was resistant to t-butoxide the tosylate 8 was transformed into an 1 : 1 mixture of 2α, 5-epoxy-5β-cholestane (10) and 2ξ-t-butoxy-A-nor-5β-cholestane-5-ol (11). In 2α-tosyloxy-A-nor-5α-cholestane-5-ol (12) substitution occurred as the only reaction.Both oxetanes 3 and 10 isomerize after heating above 50° and in polar or protic solvents to form A-nor-Δ3(5)-cholestene-2α-ol (6) and -2β-ol (14) respectively. Also, 2, 5-diols are encountered.2α-Ethyl-2β, 2′-epoxy-A-nor-5α-cholestane (23) was synthesized starting from A-nor-5α-cholestane-2-one (17). The intermediates were the ester 16, the diol 18, the hydroxy-tosylate 19 and the chlorhydrin 20. The spirocyclic oxetane 23 was reduced by LiAlH4 in dioxane (not in ether). By chromatography on silica gel 23 was isomerized to the homoallylic alcohol 21 and transformed into 2-methylene-A-nor-5α-cholestane (24) by fragmentation.The IR. and NMR. spectra of the new oxetanes were compared with those of a series of known oxetanes.
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  • 93
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1095-1102 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On décrit la préparation, à partir de la dibromo-2, 5-téréphtalophénone et de quelques-uns de ses dérivés méthylés, par déshydrobromation accompagnée d'une double cyclisation, de la trans-fluorénacène-dione (dioxo-6, 12-dihydro-6, 12-indéno [1, 2-b] fluorène) et de quelques dérivés méthylés. Ces dicétones polycycliques sont colorées en orangé, rouge ou violet, et cuvables. Leur réduction selon WOLFF-KISHNER fournit les hydrocarbures correspondants.
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  • 94
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1051-1060 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Magneto-optical rotatory dispersion (MORD.) of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons can be described very accurately by an equation of the DRUDE type. The two parameters, appearing in such an equation, have been determined from MOR. measurements in the region of 240 to 500 nm by the method of least squares. These parameters show a systematic dependence on the structure of the investigated hydrocarbons. An empirical rule for the approximation of the DRUDE parameters is given which in turn allow the calculation of the VERDET constant for a given structure at any wavelength between 240 and 500 nm.
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  • 95
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1108-1119 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 7-Aminocephalosporanic acid or esters thereof are prepared either by intramolecular aminolysis of esters of the antibiotic cephalosporin C or vïa imino-ethers derived from the latter.A simple procedure for the preparation of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid in high yield is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1155-1158 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A total synthesis of hog thyrocalcitonin is described. A protected C-terminal tridecapeptide amid (20-32) was coupled with a protected central decapeptide (10-19), and the resulting protected tricosapeptide amide (10-32) was reacted with the N-terminal protected nonapeptide (1-9). After elimination of the protective groups, a free dotriacontapeptide amide was obtained whose physical, chemical and biological behaviour was indistinguishable from that of the natural hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1184-1184 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of 2-picolylidene-bis-(p-phenylsulfuric acid) disodium salt (I, DCI: ‘sodium picosulfate’) has been realized by two routes. I has been characterized by the usual analytical data and UV., IR. and PMR. spectral properties.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1203-1213 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactivity of hydroxy-indoles under the conditions of the Mannich-reaction has been studied. The electrophilic side-chain enters in each case in a position ortho to the phenolic group. 4-Hydroxy-indole is substituted in the 5-, 5-hydroxy-indole in the 4-, 6-hydroxy-indole in the 7-, and 7-hydroxy-indole probably in the 6-position. The structures of the Mannich bases from 4-, 5- and 6-hydroxy-indole have been confirmed by comparison of the hydroxy-methyl-indoles obtained by reductive desamination with hydroxy-methyl-indoles prepared by unambiguous total synthesis.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1409-1420 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1, 2-Dithioles with sulfur substitutents in position 5 are prepared by reaction of 4-chloro-1, 2-dithiol-3-ones with thiols, sulfinates, dithiocarbamates, or potassium ethylxanthate. Bis-(4-chloro-1, 2-dithiol-3-on-5-yl) sulfide is produced from 4, 5-dichloro-1, 2-dithiol-3-one with sodium thiosulfate and other thiol forming reagents. The 5-alkylthio- and 5-arylthio-1, 2-dithiol-3-ones can be oxidized with peracids to sulfoxides and, partly, to sulfones; the sulfones can also be obtained from sulfinates. 4-Chloro-5-(α-methyl-benzylthio)-1, 2-dithiol-3-one reacts differently with peracetic acid, giving bis-(4-chloro-1, 2-dithiol-3-on-5-yl) disulfide besides 4-chloro-1, 2-dithiol-3-one. With oxalyl chloride, 4-chloro-5-alkylthio-1, 2-dithiol-3-ones form 3, 4-dichloro-dithioliumchlorides, which react with anilines to give 3-phenylimino-4-chloro-5-alkylthio-1, 2-dithioles.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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