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  • 1985-1989
  • 1965-1969  (561)
  • 1968  (561)
  • Organic Chemistry  (547)
  • Insulin  (14)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; 3′,5′-AMP phosphodiesterase ; glycogen metabolism ; lipolysis ; insulin secretion ; antilipolytic action of insulin ; glycogen synthesis and insulin ; cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'influence de l'insuline sur le métabolisme du glycogène hépatique et sur la lipolyse semble s'exercer par l'intermédiaire d'une diminution de la concentration de 3,′5′-AMP intracellulaire. Onamontré une diminution de la formation de 3′5′-AMP dans le tissu adipeux incubé avec de l'insuline. L'influence de l'insuline sur la dégradation du 3,′5′-AMP est étudiée. — L'activité de la 3,′5′-AMP-phos-phodiestérase (PDE) est diminuée dans le foie, le tissu adipeux et, de façon non-significative, dans le muscle strié des rats qui manquent d'insuline, c-à-d les rats rendus diabétiques par l'alloxane ou les rats privés de nourriture. L'injection intraveineuse d'une faible dose d'insuline (0.5 U/kg) ou la stimulation de la sécrétion d'insuline endogène par une injection de glucose provoquent une augmentation rapide de l'activité de la phosphodiestérase dans ces tissus. 15 min après l'injection d'insuline, l'activité de la phosphodiesterase du foie est augmentée. L'effet maximum est atteint après 30–45 min. L'activité de la phosphodiestérase rénale n'est pas diminuée dans le diabète alloxanique, l'injection d'insuline s'est avérée inefficace.In vitro, l'insuline cristalline a un effet activant sur la phosphodiestérase purifiée du coeur de boeuf. La concentration d'insuline requise pour doubler l'activité de l'enzyme est de l'ordre de 2 · 10−5 M. Le traitement avec actinomycin D empêche la stimulation par l'insuline de la PDE dans le foie. Ceci peut indiquer que l'action de l'insuline sur l'activité de la phosphodiestérase est essentiellement basée sur une synthèse accrue de l'enzyme. A cause de l'influence de la sécrétion d'insuline sur la concentration en 3,′5′-AMP du foie et du tissu adipeux, le métabolisme du glycogène et la lipolyse peuvent s'adapter rapidement à la prise de nourriture.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung An der Steigerung der Glykogensynthese der Leber und der Verminderung der Lipolyse durch Insulin ist eine Abnahme der 3′,5′-AMP-Konzentration wesentlich beteiligt. Die 3′,5′-AMP-Bildung ist in Fettgewebe, das mit Insulin inkubiert wird, vermindert. Insulin beeinflußt jedoch auch den 3′,5′-AMP-Abbau. -Die 3′,5′-AMP-Phosphodiesterase (PDE)-Aktivität des Fettgewebes, der Leber und, in geringerem Grade, der Skeletmuskulatur ist im Insulinmangel vermindert, d.h. bei alloxandiabetischen oder hungernden Ratten. I.v. Injektion von 0,5 E/kg Insulin oder eine erhöhte Abgabe von Insulin aus dem Pankreas nach Glucoseinjektion führen in diesen Geweben zu einem raschen Anstieg der PDE-Aktivität. Dieser ist in der Leber schon 15 min nach Insulingabe nachweisbar und erreicht nach 30–45 min sein Maximum. In der Niere ist kein Einfluß von Insulin auf die PDE-Aktivität nachweisbar. — Aus Rinderherz isolierte PDE wirdin vitro durch Insulin aktiviert, jedoch werden2 · 10−5 M zur Verdopplung der Aktivität benötigt. Actinomycin D verhindert die Steigerung der Leber-PDE-Aktivität nach Insulininjektion. So kann die Wirkung des Hormons im wesentlichen auf eine gesteigerte PDE-Synthese zurückgeführt werden. — Durch diesen Einfluß der Insulininkretion auf die 3′,5′-AMP-Konzentration in Leber und Fettgewebe können Glykogenstoffwechsel und Lipolyse rasch an die Nahrungsaufnahme angepaßt werden.
    Notes: Summary Influence of insulin on liver glycogen metabolism and on lipolysis appears to be mediated by a decreased intracellular 3′,5′-AMP concentration. Reduced formation of 3′,5′-AMP had been shown in adipose tissue incubated with insulin. The influence of insulin on 3′,5′-AMP degradation has been investigated. — 3′,5′-AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity was reduced in liver, adipose tissue and, insignificantly, in skeletal muscle of insulin deficient, i.e. alloxan diabetic or starved rats. I.V. injection of a low dose of insulin (0.5 U/kg) or stimulation of endogenous insulin secretion by injection of glucose led to a rapid increase of PDE activity in these tissues. 15 min after insulin injection liver PDE activity was increased. The maximal effect occurred after 30–45 min. Renal PDE activity was not decreased in alloxan diabetes, insulin injection has been found ineffective. —In vitro, there was an activating effect of crystalline insulin on PDE purified from beef heart. Insulin concentration required for duplication of enzyme activity was of the order of 2 · 10−5 M. Treatment with actinomycin D nearly prevented stimulation of liver PDE by insulin. This may indicate that the action of insulin on PDE activity is essentially based on an increased enzyme synthesis. — Owing to the influence of insulin secretion on liver and adipose tissue 3′,5′-AMP concentration, glycogen metabolism and lipolysis can be quickly adapted to food intake.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 4 (1968), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Human growth hormone ; Growth hormone ; Insulin ; Diabetes mellitus ; Experimental diabetes ; Acromegaly ; Pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Il a été démontré récemment que l'hormone de croissance humaine (HGH) joue un rôle prééminent dans la régulation normale de la glycémie. De plus, il est bien connu que l'hormone de croissance peut créer un état semblable au diabète chez l'animal. Chez l'homme, l'injection de HGH ou l'hypersécrétion de l'hormone endogène dans l'acromégalie est suivie d'intolérance au glucose seulement dans 25% des cas. — Dans ce travail nous présentons des données qui mettent l'action dite diabétogène de HGH dans un contexte plus nuancé. Nous suggérons que HGH, bien que diminuant l'utilisation du glucose par les tissus périphériques, n'est pas une substance primairement diabétogène, car l'effet insulinotrope de l'hormone cause une hyperinsulinémie compensatrice, qui à son tour normalise la tolérance au glucose. HGH est diabétogène exclusivement chez les sujets prédiabétiques dont le pancréas est incapable de répondre à l'effet insulinotrope de l'hormone. Chez ces sujets, la diabétogénicité de HGH n'étant pas surmontée par une hyperinsulinémie compensatrice, la tolérance au glucose sera anormale. Ainsi, HGH peut être considérée comme unfacteur additif pour la pathogénèse du diabète sucré, la condition essentielle et primaire étant un état préexistant de prédiabète.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Wie kürzlich gezeigt wurde, spielt das menschliche Wachstumshormon (HGH) eine wichtige Rolle bei der Kontrolle der Blutzucker-Homöostase. Ferner ist schon lange bekannt, daß die Verabreichung von Wachstumshormon an Tiere zu einem diabetesähnlichen Zustand führen kann. Beim Menschen löst die Gabe der Substanz oder die Überproduktion des endogenen Hormons bei der Akromegalie nur in etwa 25 % der Fälle eine Glucosetoleranzstörung aus. — In dieser Arbeit werden Resultate beschrieben, die ein detaillierteres Bild der sogenannten diabetogenen Wirkung des HGH vermitteln. Wir möchten annehmen, daß das HGH, obwohl es den peripheren Glucoseverbraueh herabsetzt, kein primär diabetogener Faktor ist, da es über eine Insulin-mehrausschüttung zu einem Hyperinsulinismus führt, der eine normale Glucosetoleranz bewirkt. HGH zeigt Scine diabetogene Wirkung nur bei Prädiabetikern, deren Pankreas den stimulierenden Effekt des Hormons auf die Insulinausschüttung nicht beantworten kann. Bei diesen Personen kann eine Störung der Glucosetoleranz dadurch entstehen, daß die diabetogene Wirkung des HGH nicht durch einen kompensatorischen Hyperinsulinismus ausgeglichen wird. HGH kann daher als ein Zusatzfaktor bei der Diabetesentstehung angesehen werden, deren Hauptvorbedingung jedoch eine schon vorher bestehende prädiabetische Stoffwechselsituation darstellt.
    Notes: Summary Human growth hormone (HGH) has recently been shown to play a prominent role in the control of blood glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, it has long been known that administration of growth hormone in animals can induce a diabetes-like state. In human subjects, exogenous administration of HGH or hypersecretion of the endogenous hormone in acromegaly is accompanied by glucose intolerance in only about 25 per cent of the cases. — In this paper, data are presented which give a more diversified picture of the so-called diabetogenic action of HGH. It is suggested that HGH, although decreasing the peripheral utilization of glucose, is not a primary diabetogenic factor, since its insulinogenic action causes a compensatory hyperinsulinism, with normal glucose tolerance as the result. HGH is diabetogenic only in prediabetic subjects whose pancreas is unable to respond to the insulinogenic effect of the hormone. In such subjects, the diabetogenic action of HGH not being counterbalanced by a compensatory hyperinsulinism, glucose intolerance may result. Thus, HGH may be regarded as anadditional factor for the development of diabetes, the major prerequisite being a preëxisting prediabetic state.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 4 (1968), S. 111-117 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; diabetes ; insulinase ; rat diaphragm ; glycogen synthesis ; RNA turnover ; cell culture ; anti-insulin serum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Peu de progrès conduisant à la compréhension du diabète en termes moléculaires ont été réalisés. La possibilité qu'il existe une modification dans la structure de l'insuline des diabétiques, aussi bien circulante que pancréatique, s'appuie sur trois arguments expérimentaux obtenus au laboratoire des auteurs. — La purification immunochimique de l'insuline circulante de diabétiques jeunes non traités par l'insuline a d'abord conduit à la constatation que cette insuline est relativement résistante à l'action réductrice et protéolytique d'une préparation d'insulinase musculaire. De plus, l'insuline pancréatique, isolée à partir de cinq pancréas diabétiques, s'est avérée d'activité biologique diminuée quant à son pouvoir d'augmenter la synthèse du glycogènein vivo et à sa capacité d'accélérer le “turnover” du R.N.A. en culture tissulaire. — La nature de cette „insuline anormale” et son rôle possible dans la physiopathologie du diabète sont examinés à la lumière de la nécessité de donner une définition spécifique de la modification moléculaire précise.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Unsere Kenntnisse über den Diabetes in molekularbiologischer Sicht haben kaum Fortschritte gemacht. Die Möglichkeit, daß das zirkulierende und das Pankreas-Insulin des Diabetikers strukturelle Unterschiede aufweisen, wird durch die Ergebnisse von drei verschiedenen Untersuchungsreihen gestützt, die im Laboratorium der Verfasser durchgeführt wurden. — Immunologisch gereinigtes zirkulierendes Insulin von Diabetikern, die noch kein Insulin erhalten hatten, erwies sich als recht widerstandsfähig gegenüber dem Abbau durch ein Insulinase-Rohextrakt aus Muskelgewebe. Aus den Bauchspeicheldrüsen von 5 Diabetikern gewonnenes Insulin zeigte sowohl in seiner Fähigkeit, die Glycogen-Synthesein vivo, als auch den Ribonucleinsäuren-Umsatz in der Gewebskultur zu stimulieren, eine herabgesetzte biologische Aktivität. — Bei der Diskussion der Natur dieses „abnormen” Insulins und seiner hypothetischen Rolle in der Physiopathologie des Diabetes ergibt sich besonders deutlich, wie dringend erforderlich eine genauere Klärung des in diesem Falle vorliegenden molekularen Umbaus ist.
    Notes: Summary Understanding of diabetes in molecular terms has advanced very little. The possibility that a structural difference exists in the circulating and pancreatic insulin moiety of diabetics is supported by three lines of evidence obtained in the authors' laboratory. — Immunologically purified circulating insulin from diabetic subjects untreated with insulin was noted to be relatively resistant to degradation by a crude muscle insulinase preparation. The pancreatic insulin of five diabetic pancreases was found to have a decreased biological activity in its ability to enhance glycogen synthesisin vivo and in its capacity to stimulate RNA turnover in tissue culture. — The nature of this “abnormal insulin” and its hypothetical role in the physiopathology of diabetes are discussed in the light of the need for a specific definition of the precise molecular change.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 4 (1968), S. 68-70 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; proinsulin ; biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Après incubation de tranches de pancréas d'embryon de veau, la leucine-H3 est incorporée dans une fraction protéique qui semble avoir les propriétés d'une “proinsuline”. Cette fraction protéique est de taille supérieure à l'insuline, possède l'immunoréactivité propre à l'insuline, et après traitement limité par la trypsine elle est transformée en un peptide semblable à l'insuline.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Inkubierung von Dünnschnitten des fötalen Rinder-Pankreas in Gegenwart vom H3- Leucin ergab einen Einbau dieser Amminosäure in eine Eiweißfraktion, die die Eigenschaften eines, Pro-Insulins' aufwies. Das Molekulargewicht dieser Eiweißfraktion war größer als dasjenige des Insulins; sie besaß die Immunreaktivität des Insulins und konnte durch teilweisen Abbau mit Trypsin in ein insulinähnliches Peptid umgewandelt werden.
    Notes: Summary Incubation of fœtal bovine pancreas slices resulted in the incorporation of3H-leucine into a protein fraction which appeared to have the properties of a ‘proinsulin’. This protein fraction was larger in size than insulin, possessed the immunoreactivity of insulin and was converted by limited trypsin treatment to a peptide similar to insulin.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 4 (1968), S. 281-285 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; radioimmunoassay ; bile ; bile acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'effet des acides biliaires sur le dosage radioimmunologique de l'insuline a été examiné et les résultats ont montré que les acides biliaires en concentrations physiologiques nuisent à la liaison de l'insuline avec le sérum anti-insulinique. La courbe de dilution de l'insuline immunoréaetive dans la bile de la vésicule biliaire porcine n'était pas parallèle à celle de l'insuline porcine standard. Après extraction de la bile porcine par du sérum antiinsulinique et après dosage de l'extrait, des taux d'insuline plus bas ont été trouvés. Les résultats suggèrent qu'une partie seulement de «l'insuline immunoreactive» de la bile de la vésicule biliaire représente de l'insuline véritable.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung von Gallensäuren auf die radio-immunologische Insulinbestimmung wurde untersucht. Aus den Resultaten geht hervor, daß Gallensäuren in physiologischen Konzentrationen zu einer Störung der Insulinbindung an Anti-Insulinserum führen. Die Verdünnungskurve von immunoreaktivem Insulin im Gallensaft aus Schweinegallenblasen verlief nicht parallel zur Standard-Eichkurve von Schweineinsulin. Nach Extraktion der Schweinegalle mit Anti-Insulinserum fanden sich im Extrakt niedrigere Insulinkonzentrationen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß nur ein Teil des „immunoreaktiven Insulins” in der Blasengalle echtes Insulin ist.
    Notes: Summary The effect of bile acids on the radioimmunoassay of insulin has been investigated, and the results show that bile acids in physiological concentrations interfere with the binding of insulin by anti-insulin serum. The dilution curve of immunoreactive insulin in pig gall-bladder bile was not parallel to that of standard pig insulin. After extraction of pig bile with anti-insulin serum and assay of the extract, lower insulin levels were found. The results suggest that only a part of the “immunoreactive insulin” in gall-bladder bile is genuine insulin.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 301 (1968), S. 254-258 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Insulin ; Potassium Deficiency ; Membrane Potential ; Rat Diaphragm ; Insulin ; Kaliummangel ; Membranpotential ; Rattenzwerchfell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 102 Zellen des Zwerchfells von insgesamt 7 Ratten mit alimentärem Kaliummangel fanden wir unter dem Einfluß von Insulin (0,1 I.E./ml) eine Depolarisation um 11,2 mV, nämlich von −94,6 (s=±6,4) mV bei insgesamt 100 Zellen auf −83,4 (s=±6,8)mV (p 〈 0,001). Die Kaliumkonzentration in der Inkubationslösung betrug 4,7 (s=±0,29) mval/l. — Ferner steigt die bei kaliumverarmten Tieren erniedrigte intracelluläre Kaliumkonzentration unter Insulineinfluß von 107 (s=±12) mval/lH2O IZR auf 130 (s=±19,8) mval/lH2O IZR an (p〈0,05). Die Befunde sprechen dafür, daß Insulin bei kaliumverarmten Tieren einen Netto-Kaliumeinstrom bewirkt, der eine Abnahme des Membranpotentials zur Folge hat.
    Notes: Summary In 102 single muscle cells of 7 rats with alimentary potassium depletion we found under influence of insulin (0.1 I.U./ml) a depolarisation of 11.2 mV, i.e. from −94.6 (s=±6.4)mV (100 cells) to −83.4 (s=±6.8)mV (p〈0.001). The potassium concentration in the incubation medium was 4.7 (s=±0.29) mequ/l. — In addition we measured under influence of insulin (0.1 I.U./ml) an intracellular potassium concentration of 130 mval/lH2O IZR, which is probably higher than in potassium deficient animals without insulin (p〈0.05). These findings suggest that insulin produces a netto potassium influx in potassium deficient animals, which could explain the depolarisation.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 260 (1968), S. 254-268 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Bilirubin ; Glucuronates ; Insulin ; Liver ; Tolbutamide ; Bilirubin ; Glucuronidsynthese ; Insulin ; Leber ; Tolbutamid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Lebergewebe von Ratten, die mit Tolbutamid, mit anderen blutzuckerwirksamen Sulfonylharnstoffderivaten oder mit Insulin behandelt worden waren, bildet bei Inkubation in vitro mehr Bilirubinglucuronid als das Gewebe unbehandelter Kontrolltiere. Dieser Effekt wurde 2 Std nach der intraperitonealen Injektion der blutzuckersenkenden Stoffe nachgewiesen, er tritt dosisabhängig auf und ist mit der blutzuckersenkenden Wirkung gut korreliert. Ein dem Tolbutamid chemisch verwandtes, jedoch blutzuckerunwirksames Methylsulfonylharnstoffderivat hatte diese Wirkung nicht. Die Steigerung der Glucuronidsynthese ist dadurch bedingt, daß in der Leberzelle während einer Insulin- oder Sulfonylharnstoffhypoglykämie vermehrt aktivierte Glucuronsäure (UDPGA) für die Konjugation bereitgestellt wird. Die Aktivität des für die Konjugationsreaktion verantwortlichen Enzyms, der UDP-Glucuronyltransferase, war unter unseren Versuchsbedingungen nicht verändert. Es fanden sich keine Anhaltspunkte dafür, daß in der Insulin- oder Sulfonylharnstoffhypoglykämie die Bildung von UDPGA aus UDPG beschleunigt erfolgt. Die Aktivität der UDPG-Dehydrogenase war nicht verändert, auch Faktoren, die eine Bildung von UDPGA begünstigen könnten, wie ein erhöhter NAD+/NADH-Quotient und eine gesteigerte ATP-Konzentration im Gewebe, waren nach Tolbutamid nicht nachzuweisen.
    Notes: Summary Liver tissue of rats pretreated with tolbutamide, with other hypoglycaemic sulfonylurea compounds, or with insulin formed more bilirubinglucuronide when incubated in vitro than the tissue of untreated controls. The effect was present two hours after the blood sugar lowering agents had been injected intraperitoneally. It was dose-dependent and well correlated to the hypoglycaemic response. A methylated sulfonylurea compound, which is chemically closely related to tolbutamide but devoid of blood sugar lowering activity failed to show this effect. Glucuronide formation in hypoglycaemia induced by insulin or tolbutamide is increased as more activated glucuronic acid (UDPGA) is made available to the conjugation reaction. There was no change in the activity of the enzyme responsible for glucuronide synthesis, the UDP-glucuronyl-transferase, in our experiments. There was no indication that the formation of UDPGA from UDPG was accelerated by insulin or sulfonylureas. There was no change in the activity of the hepatic UDPG-dehydrogenase. Factors which could favour the formation of UDPGA such as an increased NAD+/NADH ratio or an elevated ATP concentration in the tissue were not present following tolbutamide.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 5 (1968), S. 279-298 
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Choline ; Clinical situation (diabetes) ; Glucagon ; Growth hormone ; Heparin ; Histamine ; Insulin ; Insulinemia ; Night vision ; Pro-insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Alors que mon intérêt pour l'insuline a été pratiquement continu depuis déjà sa découverte, il y a eu des périodes pendant lesquelles mon attention s'est concentrée sur la coline, l'histamine et l'héparine. Pendant les années de guerre, les sujets de recherche ont été naturellement très différents. Les points importants dans le développement de l'insuline, du point de vue chimique, ont été sa purification, cristallisation, détermination de la structure et synthèse. Les physiologistes ont été fascinés par les études regardant le point et le mécanisme d'action de l'insuline. On a appris beaucoup quant à l'action sur grand nombre de tissus différents et l'insuline se montra être la principale hormone anabolique. Les développements cliniques ne sont mentionnés que brièvement car mes intérêts personnels de recherche ont été exclusivement expérimentaux.
    Abstract: Resumen Mientras mi interés para insulina fue prácticamente continuo desde su descubrimiento, hubo períodos en que mi atención se concentró sobre colina, histamina y heparina. Durante los años de la guerra, los temas de investigación fueron naturalmente muy diferentes. Los puntos fundamentales en el desarrollo de la insulina desde el punto de vista químico, fueron su purificación, cristalización, determinación de la estructura y síntesis. Los fisiólogos fueron cautivados por los estudios sobre el punto y el mecanismo de acción de la insulina. Mucho se aprendió acerca de la acción sobre muchos tejidos diferentes y la insulina demostró ser la hormona anabólica principal. Los desarrollos clínicos se mencionan sólo brevemente pues mis intereses personales de investigación han sido exclusivamente experimentales.
    Notes: Riassunto Mentre il mio interesse per l'insulina è stato praticamente continuo sin dalla sua scoperta, ci sono stati periodi nei quali la mia attenzione si concentrò sulla colina, istamina ed eparina. Durante gli anni della guerra, i temi di ricerca furono naturalmente molto diversi. I momenti culminanti nello sviluppo dell'insulina, dal punto di vista chimico, furono la sua purificazione, cristallizzazione, determinazione della struttura e sintesi. I fisiologi sono stati affascinati dagli studi circa il punto ed il meccanismo di azione dell'insulina. Molto è stato appreso intorno all'azione su molti tessuti differenti e l'insulina dimostrò di essere l'ormone anabolico principale. Gli sviluppi clinici sono menzionati solo brevemente poichè i miei personali interessi di ricerca sono stati esclusivamente sperimentali.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 5 (1968), S. 347-363 
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Gel-filtration ; Insulin ; 125J-insulin-plasma complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les AA. ont étudié la capacité des protéines plasmatiques de lier l'insuline125J avec la méthode de filtration surgel. Le fractionnement parSephadex G-100 a démontré que seulement le 10 % de l'insuline marquée était lié par le protéines plasmatiques des sujets sains, des femmes gravides et des diabétiques non traités. Un pourcentage d'insuline beaucoup plus élevé était liée par les protéines plasmatiques dans des sujets que étaient traités precédemment avec de l'insuline bovine, tandis que le degrée de la liason était tres élevé dans les diabétiques insulino-résistants. De recherches avecSephadex G-200 ont demontré que, après une courte période d'insulinothérapie, le complexe insuline-protéine migrait avec les globulines 19 S. Après une insulinothérapie prolongée et dans les cas insulino-résistants la plus grande partie de l'insuline marquée liée aux protéines était élui avec les globulines 7 S. Le phénomène est attribué à l'action des anticorps anti-insuline bovine.
    Abstract: Resumen La capacidad que poseen las proteínas para ligar la insulina marcada con125J se estudió mediante el método de filtración engel. El fraccionamiento medianteSephadex G-100 demostró que solamente el 10 % de la insulina marcada estaba ligada por las proteínas plasmáticas de sujetos sanos, de mujeres embarazadas y de pacientes diabéticos no tratados. Un porcentaje de insulina notablemente superior estaba ligado por las proteínas plasmáticas en pacientes que anteriormente habían sido tratados con insulina bovina, mientras el grado de enlace se volvía muy elevado en los diabéticos resistentes a la insulina. Experimentos realizados conSephadex G-200 demostraron que después de un breve tratamiento insulínico, el complejo insulina-proteína migraba con las globulinas 19 S. Después de un prolongado tratamiento insulínico y en los casos resistentes a la insulina, la mayor parte de la insulina marcada con las proteínas resultaba eluida con las globulinas 7 S. El fenómeno, discutido detalladamente, se atribuye a la acción de los anticuerpos anti-insulina bovina.
    Notes: Riassunto La capacità delle proteine plasmatiche di legare l'insulina marcata con125J è stata studiata mediante il metodo di filtrazione sugel. Il frazionamento medianteSephadex G-100 ha dimostrato che soltanto il 10% dell'insulina marcata era legato dalle proteine plasmatiche di soggetti sani, di donne gravide e di pazienti diabetici non trattati. Una percentuale di insulina notevolmente superiore era legata dalle proteine plasmatiche in pazienti che erano stati precedentemente trattati con insulina bovina, mentre il grado di legame diveniva molto elevato nei diabetici insulino-resistenti. Esperimenti eseguiti conSephadex G-200 hanno dimostrato che, dopo una breve terapia insulinica, il complesso insulina-proteina migrava con le globuline 19 S. Dopo prolungata terapia insulinica e nei casi insulino-resistenti la maggior parte dell'insulina marcata legata alle proteine era eluita con le globuline 7 S. Il fenomeno, discusso nei particolari, è attribuito all'azione degli anticorpi anti-insulina bovina.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Bovine insulin ; Insulin ; Insulin antibodies ; Insulin resistance ; Pork insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les AA. présentent les résultats obtenus avec une méthode très simple pour la recherche des anticorps anti-insuline, basée sur l'emploi d'insuline I125 ou I131 et sur la précipitation avec alcool absolu du complexe antigène-anticorp. Les anticorps anti-insuline ont été fréquemment observés seulement dans des sujets diabétiques déjà soumis à traitement avec insuline. Un taux élevé d'anticorps anti-insuline s'accompagne à une diminution de la sensibilité à l'insuline (0,1 U/kg i.v.).
    Abstract: Resumen Se expresan los resultados obtenidos con el empleo de un método que puede ser ejecutado en forma my simple, para la investigación de anticuerpos anti-insulina; el método se basa sobre el empleo de insulina I125 o I131; y sobre la precipitación sucesiva con alcohol absoluto del complejo antígeno-anticuerpo. Los anticuerpos anti-insulina han sido hallados con mucha frecuencia solamente en pacientes diabéticos, que recibían tratamiento insulínico. Un título elevado de anticuerpos antiinsulina se asocia a una disminución sensible de la sensibilidad a la insulina (0,1 U/kg i.v.).
    Notes: Riassunto Vengono presentati i risultati ottenuti con l'impiego di una metodica di semplice esecuzione per la ricerca di anticorpi anti-insulina, basata sull'impiego di insulina I125 o I131 e sulla successiva precipitazione con alcool assoluto del complesso antigene-anticorpo. Gli anticorpi anti-insulina sono stati riscontrati con grande frequenza solo in pazienti diabetici già sottoposti a trattamento insulinico. Un elevato titolo di anticorpi anti-insulina si associa ad una diminuzione marcata della sensibilità all'insulina (0,1 U/kg i.v.).
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Insulin ; Insulin antibodies ; Insulin binding properties of serum ; Insulin therapy ; Serum proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les AA. ont observé que le sérum d'un sujet normal et celui d'un diabétique, jamais traité avec insuline, ont la possibilité de lier l'insuline dans la même mesure. Dans certains sérums, soit du sujet normal soit du diabétique, est présente une activité de liaison de l'insuline supérieure aux taux normaux plus élevés; cette activité diminue après administration de µU 500 d'insuline bovine. Les AA. présentent leurs considérations à propos de ce phénomène.
    Abstract: Resumen Los AA. observan que los sueros del individuo normal y del diabético nunca tratado con insulina poseen propiedades insulino-ligantes de entidad análoga. En algunos sueros — ya del sujeto normal, ya del diabético — está presente una actividad insulino-ligante superior a los valores máximos normales, que disminuye luego de haber agregado µU 500 de insulina bovina. Los AA. hacen algunas consideraciones interpretativas de tal fenómeno.
    Notes: Riassunto Gli AA. rilevano che i sieri dell'individuo normale e del diabetico mai trattato con insulina sono provvisti di proprietà insulino-legante di entità analoga. In alcuni sieri, sia del soggetto normale che del diabetico, è presente un'attività insulino-legante superiore ai valori massimi normali, che diminuisce dopo aggiunta di µU 500 di insulina bovina. Gli AA. fanno alcune considerazioni interpretative su tale fenomeno.
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  • 12
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    Acta diabetologica 5 (1968), S. 499-512 
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Entero-insular axis ; Gastrin ; Glucagon ; Gut hormones ; Insulin ; Pancreozymin ; Secretin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Des préparations hautement purifiées de gastrine, sécrétine et pancréozymine ont été injectées par voie endoportale chez des chiens anesthésiés, en vue d'examiner les influences possibles des hormones gastro-intestinales sur la sécrétion des îlots de Langerhans. On a vu que les trois hormones provoquent une augmentation immédiate de la concentration d'insuline dans la veine pancréatico-duodénale. L'effet de la gastrine sur la libération d'insuline était insignificant quantitativement, tandis que celui de la sécrétine était plus important et de plus grande durée; cependant la pancréozymine semblait être le stimulant le plus puissant et déterminer en outre une augmentation parallèle de la sécrétion pancréatique de glucagon. On a démontré de plus que la pancréozymine augmentait la réponse tant de l'insuline que du glucagon à l'hyperaminoacidémie. On a observé que l'administration intraduodénale d'acides aminés, qui représente notoirement la stimulation la plus puissante de la pancréozymine endogène, est en mesure de déterminer une libération plus grande et plus rapide d'insuline et de glucagon par rapport à l'administration intraveineuse d'acides aminés, ce qui fait supposer que la pancréozymine endogène joue un rôle physiologique lorsque la réponse de l'hormone des cellules insulaires aux acides aminés ingérés est augmentée. Le facteur physiologique qui augmente la réponse insulaire au glucose ingéré reste toutefois inconnu.
    Abstract: Resumen Medicamentos altamente purificados de gastrina, secretina y pancreozimina han sido inyectados por via intraportal a perros anestesiados, con el fin de examinar las posibles influencias de las hormonas gastro-intestinales sobre la secreción de las hormonas de las islas de Langerhans. Se ha notado que las tres hormonas producen aumento inmediato de la concentración de insulina en la vena pancreática-duodenal. El efecto de la gastrina sobre la liberación de insulina era insignificante cuantitativamente, mientras el de la secretina era apreciable y de mayor duración; sin embargo, parecía que la pancreozimina fuese el estimulante más potente y que además determinava aumento paralelo de la secreción pancreática de glucagón. Además se ha demostrado que la pancreozimina aumentava la respuesta, ya de la insulina, ya del glucagón, a la hiperaminoacidemia. La administración intraduodenal de aminoácidos, que representa notoriamente el más potente estímulo de la pancreozimina endógena, está en grado de provocar una liberación mayor y más rápida de insulina y glucagón, que la administración intravenosa de aminoácidos; cosa que hace pensar que la pancreozimina endógena ejerce un papel fisiológico cuando aumenta la respuesta de la hormona de las células de las islas a los aminoácidos ingeridos. Sin embargo, el factor fisiológico que aumenta la respuesta insular a la glucosa ingerida, queda desconocido.
    Notes: Riassunto Preparati altamente purificati di gastrina, secretina e pancreozimina sono stati iniettati per via endoportale in cani anestetizzati, allo scopo di esaminare le possibili influenze degli ormoni gastro-intestinali sulla secrezione degli ormoni delle isole di Langerhans. Si è riscontrato che tutti e tre gli ormoni provocano un immediato aumento della concentrazione di insulina nella vena pancreatico-duodenale. L'effetto della gastrina sulla liberazione di insulina era quantitativamente insignificante, mentre quello della secretina era più rilevante e di maggiore durata; tuttavia sembrava che la pancreozimina fosse il più potente stimolatore e che inoltre determinasse un aumento parallelo della secrezione pancreatica di glucagone. Per di più si è dimostrato che la pancreozimina aumentava la risposta sia dell'insulina che del glucagone alla iperaminoacidemia. La somministrazione intraduodenale di aminoacidi, che rappresenta notoriamente la più potente stimolazione della pancreozimina endogena, è stata riscontrata in grado di determinare una liberazione maggiore e più rapida di insulina e di glucagone rispetto alla somministrazione endovenosa di aminoacidi, il che fa pensare che la pancreozimina endogena svolga un ruolo fisiologico nell'aumentare la risposta dell'ormone delle cellule insulari agli aminoacidi ingeriti. Tuttavia il fattore fisiologico che aumenta la risposta insulare al glucosio ingerito rimane sconosciuto.
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  • 13
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    Clinical and experimental medicine 148 (1968), S. 22-27 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Insulin ; Hypoglycemia ; Xylitol ; Insulin ; Hypoglykämie ; Xylit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Kaninchen, Meerschweinchen, Mäusen und Ratten wurde der Einfluß von Xylit auf die Insulinhypoglykämie untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß Xylit die durch große intravenöse Insulindosen hervorgerufenen neurogenen Störungen (Lähmungserscheinungen, Krämpfe) zu beseitigen bzw. zu verhüten vermag. Gleichzeitig kommt es zu einem Wiederanstieg der Glucosekonzentration im Blut. Die möglichen Mechanismen dieser Wirkung werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The influence of xylitol on insulin-induced hypoglycemia was studied in rabbits, guinea pigs, mice, and rats. Relief of hypoglycemia and the concomitant disturbances of the nervous system was observed following the injection of xylitol. The possible mechanisms of this action are discussed.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Insulin ; Monosaccharide ; Hormones ; Mammals ; Amphibians ; Insulinsekretion ; Monosaccharide ; Hormone ; Säugetiere ; Amphibien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Stimulierung der Insulinsekretion durch Monosaccharide und Hormone wurde mit der Technik der Inkubation von isolierten Pankreasstückchen untersucht. Der Insulingehalt der Inkubationsmedien und der Pankreasgewebe wurde mit der biologischen (Oxydation von14C-Glucose durch das epidydemale Fettgewebe der Ratte) und der radioimmunologischen Bestimmungsmethode mit Trennung des freien und gebundenen Insulins durch Amberlite ermittelt. Das Kaninchenpankreas reagierte auf Glucose, Fructose, Ribose, Xylose, STH und Sekretin mit gleichbleibender Insulinausschüttung, nicht dagegen auf Galaktose, D- und L-Arabinose und ACTH. Die Gewebe anderer Säugetiere (Hund und Kalb, nicht aber Ratten) und einer Amphibienart (Grasfrosch) zeigten eine übereinstimmende Insulinfreisetzung nach Gabe von Glucose, wobei die Säugetiere etwa 1%, das Amphibium etwa 10% des Insulingehalts abgaben. Das Froschpankreas wies in seiner Reaktion eine jahreszeitliche Abhängigkeit auf, indem es im Winter nicht, im Sommer am stärksten auf die Stimulationsreize ansprach.
    Notes: Summary The stimulation of insulin-secretion by monosaccharides and hormones was studied with the technique of incubation of isolated pieces of pancreas. The insulin content of the incubation medium and of the pancreatic tissue was measured using both biological (oxidation of 14-C-glucose by epidydimal fat tissue of rats) and radio-immunological methods (separation of free and bound insulin with amberlite). The rabbit pancreas was stimulated by glucose, fructose, ribose, xylose (with constant insulin release), STH, and secretin, but not by galactose,d- andl-arabinose, and ACTH. The pancreatic tissue of other mammals (dog and calf, not rats) and one amphibian species (gras frog) showed the same insulin release after glucose which was 1% by mammals and 10% by amphibian of the insulin content of the tissue. The reaction of the frog pancreas depended upon the time of the year. In summer it reacted strongly to stimulants but in the winter it did not.
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  • 15
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 59-63 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,4-Dinitrobutan läßt sich mit Formaldehyd zum 2,5-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dinitro-hexan-1,6-diol (I) umsetzen. Durch katalytische Hydrierung konnte daraus das 2,5-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-diamino-hexan-1,6-diol (II) gewonnen werden. Mit Formaldehyd und primären Aminen liefert I 1,2-Bis-[5′(5′-nitro-1′,3′-dialkyl-hexahydro-pyrimidyl)]-äthane (III) und 1,2-Bis-[5′(5′-nitro-3′-alkyl-tetrahydro-1′,3′-oxazinyl)]-äthane (IV).
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  • 16
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 243-251 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurden verschiedenartig substituierte Acetylphenylester der Phosphor- und Thiophosphorsäure hergestellt und deren Wirksamkeit gegen Musca domestica geprüft. Es zeigte sich, daß eine lineare Abhängigkeit sowohl zwischen dem LD50-Wert und dem pK-Wert als auch zwischen dem LD50-Wert und der Verschiebung der Frequenz der OH-Valenzschwingung der zur Veresterung herangezogenen Phenole besteht, wenn diese in m- oder p-Stellung substituiert sind. Bei mehrfacher Substitution konnte diese Übereinstimmung nicht gefunden werden, da durch Wasserstoffbrückenbindung (o-Acetylphenol) oder sterische Hinderung, speziell bei angularen Erstsubstituenten (NO2- und COCH3Gruppe), die erwarteten Substitutionseinflüsse nicht voll wirksam werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 17
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 97-101 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über Darstellung und Eigenschaften von p-Nitrosocumol. p-Cumylborsäure, p-Cumylquecksilberacetat und einigen hiervon abgeleiteten Verbindungen berichtet, die als Modelle für substituierte Polystyrole dienen könen.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden die Ergebnisse von Phasengleichgewichtsmessungen am genannten System bei einer Schnittemperatur von 45,0 °C mitgeteilt. Des weiteren wird versucht, die Konzentrationsabhängigkeit des Phasengleichgewichtes durch einen ternären MARGULES-Ansatz zu interpretieren und die von SCHUBERTH in (2) dargelegte Behauptung der besseren Darstellbarkeit mit B′=B′13 + B′23 gegenüber B′ = 0 zu überprüfen. Die hinreichend konsistenten Meßergebnisse scheinen eine Bestätigung der aufgestellten Behauptung zu erbringen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 19
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 182-191 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterocyclische Hydrazine reagieren mit 2-Amino-1,3,4-oxdiazolen in Gegenwart von HCl unter Bildung von 1-Acyl-diaminoguanidinen, die in 5-Stellung heterocyclisch substituiert sind und bei der Oxydation 1-Acyl-C-amino-formazane liefern.In siedender Alkalilauge cyclisieren die Diaminoguanidine zu den Azobasen der in Nβ-Stellung heterocyclisch substituierten 5-Hydrazino-1,2,4-triazole.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 20
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 21
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 214-224 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über das Verhalten von Äthylaluminiumsesquichlorid, Triäthylaluminium und Diäthylaluminiumhydrid gegenüber Methylenchlorid, Chloroform und Tetrachlorkohlenstoff unter verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen berichtet.Methylenchlorid und Chloroform werden durch Äthylaluminiumsesquichlorid nicht angegriffen, durch Triäthylaluminium langsam enthalogeniert. Dagegen reagiert Tetrachlorkohlenstoff sehr heftig mit den ersten beiden Äthylaluminium-Verbindungen und führt zu Explosionen. Methylenchlorid eignet sich sehr gut als Lösungsmittel für aluminiumorganische Synthesen, wie bei der Darstellung von Ketonen aus Säurechloriden mit Hilfe von Äthylaluminiumsesquichlorid gezeigt wird.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 22
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 252-256 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Entgegen einer älteren Literaturangabe, wonach Einwirkung von Luftsauerstoff auf Isobutyraldehyd-diphenylaminal zu Hydrazobenzol führen soll, wurde festgestellt, daß unter C—C-Spaltung Diphenyl-formamidin entsteht. Die Reaktion läßt sich auf Aminale des p-Toluidins und des p-Chlor-anilins übertragen.
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  • 23
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 263-268 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Iron(III) forms in the aqueous medium a green complex with 8-hydroxy quinoline 7-sulfonic acid with maximum absorbence at 610 mμ, stable in the pH range 3-4. The composition of the complex as established by three different methods spectrophotometrically is Fe(III) EHQS (where EHQS is the abreviation used for 8-hydroxy quinoline 7-sulfonic acid). The stability constant calculated by the methods of BANERJI and DEY (1) and themole-ratio method (2) was found to be log K = 3.8 ± 0.05 at 25°C and the heat of formation was found to be = -5.24 k. cal/mole at 25°C.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 24
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,4-Dioxan, Tetrahydrofuran and Dimethoxyäthan wurden unter Hochvakuum-Bedingungen über Kalium getrocknet und anschließend entgast. Die UV-Spektren und die elektrischen Leitfähigkeiten der hochgereinigten Äther wurden gemessen. Die Lösungsmittel konnten unter Hochvakuum-Bedingungen für einen beliebig langen Zeitraum ohne Veränderungen dieser physiko-chemischen Eigenschaften aufbewahrt werden. Behandlung mit Kalium unter Hochvakuum-Bedingungen führte zu einer teilweisen Spaltung der hochgereinigten Äther und hatte eine erhöhte elektrische Leitfähigkeit und Lichtabsorption zur Folge.
    Notes: 1,4-Dioxan, Tetrahydrofuran and Dimethoxyethan were dried over potassium and subsequently degassed, under high vacuum conditions. The u. v. spectra and the electric conductivities of the high purity ethers were measured. The solvents could be stored under high vacuum conditions for an unlimited period of time, without any changes of their physico-chemical properties. Treatment with potassium under high vacuum conditions caused a partial cleavage of the high purity ethers resulting in increased electric conductance and absorption of light.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 25
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 64-71 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese neuer Theophyllin- und Coffein-mercapto-essig- und -propionsäuren sowie einiger Ester derselben beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 26
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 91-96 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Über die Bildung von p-Nitrosopolystyrol bei der Reaktion von Polystyrolquecksilberacetat mit Nitrosylchlorid wird berichtet, und es werden einige Umsetzungen an p-Nitrosopolystyrol beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 27
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 113-121 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch kinetische Untersuchungen der Oxiranringöffnung mit Hilfe von Modellsubstanzen wird gefunden, daß die sterische Behinderung der Epoxidgruppe am Bicycloheptanring von Dicyclopentadien-dioxid bei der Reaktion mit Halogenwasserstoff in Dioxan nicht auf die Endomethylengruppe, sondern auf das während der Reaktion primär gebildete Halogenhydrin am Cyclopentanring zurückzuführen ist.Der starke Unterschied in der Reaktivität von HCl und HBr bei der Oxiranringöffnung von Dicyclopentadiendioxid in wasserfreiem bzw. wasserhaltigem Dioxan findet seine Erklärung in unterschiedlicher Protonenkonzentration des Reaktionsmediums. H0-Messungen mit verschiedenen Indikatoren liefern für HBr-Dioxan-Lösungen stets niedrigere H0-Werte als für entsprechende HCl-Dioxan-Lösungen.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 28
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 29
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 41-46 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Protonierung der mit Thiotroponen iso-π-elektronischen Trithione (I), Isotrithione (II) und α-Dithiopyrone (III) sowie die Protonierung des Dithiobenzoesäure-methylesters (IV) und der cyclischen Trithiocarbonate (V) in wäßriger Schwefelsäure untersucht. Die H0-Werte der Halbprotonierung werden spektrophotometrisch abgeleitet und die Basizitäten mit den HMO-Elektronendichten verglichen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 30
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 72-77 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Umsetzungen von 1,8-Bis-brommethyl-naphthalin mit Dimethylsulfoxid, Na2S, NH3 und N-Bromsuccinimid werden beschrieben. Aus 1,8-Bis-dibrommethyl-naphthalin wurde über 1,3-Dimethoxy-1 H, 3H-naptho[1,8-cd]pyran und 1,3-Dihydroxy-1H,3H-naphtho[1,8-cd]pyran Naphthalin-1,8-dialdehyd dargestellt.
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  • 31
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 32
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über die Darstellung eines makromolekularen Polyradikals vom Diphenylstickstoffoxid-Typ berichtet. Die Struktur wird durch UV- und ESR-Spektren belegt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 33
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 200-205 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über die Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Diselenoxanthogen-, Diselenokarbaminsäureestern, einigen Selenoharnstoffen und über die Reaktion von Diselenoxanthogenat mit Phosphoroxychlorid berichtet. Auf Versuche zur Darstellung von Bis(N,N-dialkylselenokarbamyl) diseleniden wird hingewiesen.
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  • 34
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 225-233 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The four geometric isomers of the 1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexanes, ctt, ctc, cct and ccc have been synthesized, characterized and their physical constants determined.In the course of the work the stereospecifity of a catalytic reduction method of some olefins and the WOLFF-KISHNER reduction of some ketones were demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 35
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 234-242 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Für die Bestimmung von Zink in Pflanzensubstanzen eignen sich absorptionsflammen-photometrische und polarographische Methoden.Mit den zur Verfügung stehenden Gerätekombinationen konnten Messungen im Bereich von 1-5 μg Zn/ml bzw. 1-25 μg Zn/ml Meßlösung vorgenommen werden. Die Streubereiche betragen ±3,17 ppm bzw. ±3,25 ppm. Für die polarographische Bestimmung müssen störendes Phosphat und Sulfat durch Passage einer Kationenaustauschersäule abgetrennt werden. Die absorptionsflammenphotometrische Bestimmung wird durch die in Pflanzenproben vorliegenden Anionen und Kationen nicht gestört, sofern die Messung in 0,1 n HCl erfolgt. Für serienmäßige Arbeiten eignet sich das letztgenannte Verfahren besser, da mit dem polarographischen Verfahren bei gleicher Aufschlußprozedur nur die Hälfte an Bestimmungen geschafft wird. Dagegen ergibt sich bei diesem die Möglichkeit, in geringen Meßlösungsmengen von 0,5 ml zu messen. Die atomabsorptionsphotometrische Methode benötigt mindestens 3 ml Meßlösung.
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  • 36
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monoalkylhydrazine werden erhalten, indem man in wäßriger Lösung Cyclohexanon nd ein Alkylamin mit Hydroxylamin-O-sulfonsäure zu einem 1-alkyl-3,3-pentamethylendiaziridin umsetzt und dieses nach Extraktion mit Toluol ohne Isolierung zu Monoalkylhydrazin und Cyclohexanon hydrolysiert. Durch Umsetzung von Monoalkylhydrazinen mit Kaliumcyanat zu 2-Alkyl-semicarbaziden und deren Fällung mit p-Nitrobenzaldehyd lassen sich gut kristallisierende Derivate herstellen. Durch Aminierung mit Hydroxylamin O—N-disulfonsäure werden Monoalkylhydrazine zu Stickstoff und zum entsprechenden Alkan abgebaut; letzteres wird gaschromatographisch identifiziert.
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  • 37
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 269-277 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von Aldonsäurehydraziden mit Bromcyan entstehen 2-Amino-5-polyhydroxyalkyl-1,3,4-oxidiazole, die sich mit Wasser in die entsprechenden Semicarbazide, mit Laugen in die entsprechenden 1,2,4-Triazolone-(5) umwandeln lassen. Die Polyhydroxy-1,3,4-oxidiazole lassen sich total acetylieren.
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  • 38
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 301-301 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 39
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 311-318 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es werden Versuche zur Darstellung 5′-substituierter Thymidine aus 5′-O-Arylsulfonylthymidinen beschrieben. Während die Knüpfung neuer C—O- oder von C—S-Bindungen nach Austritt der Arylsulfonyloxy-Gruppe am C-5′ prinzipiell möglich ist, wird bei Versuchen zur Knüpfung einer C—C-Bindung am C-5′ mit Kaliumcyanid O2,5′-Cyclo-thymidin erhalten. Mit Ammoniak reagieren die 5′-O-Arylsulfonyl-thymidine über O2,5′-Cyclothymidin zu 1-(2′-Desoxyribofuranosyl)-5-methyl-isocytosin und 5-Methylisocytosin.
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  • 40
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 9-19 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Der Hexamycinbildner 4/122 gehört zur Gattung Streptomyces. Für die Fermentation erwies sich ein Nährmedium mit Sojabohnenmehl am geeignetsten. Das Hexaenantibiotikum wurde aus dem Myzel mit Methanol und aus dem Kulturfiltrat mit n-Butanol extrahiert. Nach Abtrennen eines „ätherlöslichen Antibiotikums“ wurde das Rohprodukt mit Wasser extrahiert und durch Craig-Verteilung im System n-Propanol-Äther-Wasser (1:3:3) gereinigt. Lyophilisation aus tert.-Amylalkohol führte zu einer gelben, amorphen. Substanz.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 41
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 50-56 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese des vollständig geschützten Pentapeptids BOC-Orn(Z)-D-Leu-Ile-Orn(Z)-Orn(Z)-OMe beschrieben. Der Aufbau gelingt vorteilhaft durch stufenweise Synthese vom Carboxylende her unter Benutzung der Carbodiimid-, gemischten Anhydrid und Nitrophenylester-Methode.
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  • 42
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 88-100 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die WOLFF-Umlagerung der 1-Phthaloylamino-3-diazo-alkanone-(2) I a-d in Gegenwart von Anilin, DL-α-Phenyläthylamin, DL-β-Amino-β-phenyl-propionsäureäthylester and DL-Phenylalaninestern unter katalytischer Wirkung von Silberoxid oder durch Photolyse führt zu Derivaten des β-Alanins, der β-Amino-α-methyl-propionsäure, der β-Amino-α-äthyl-propionsäure und der β-Amino-β-phenyl-propionsäure. Die Verseifung der Estergruppierung der auf diesem Wege zugänglichen β-Phthaloylamino-propionyl-aminosäureester und anschließende Hydrazinolyse gibt die entweder aus zwei β-Aminosäuren oder einer β- und einer α-Aminosäure aufgebauten Dipeptide.
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  • 43
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 119-124 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure of (i) NaHg(CN)2(Cl)(H2O), (ii) NaHg(CN)2(Br)(H2O), (iii) NaHg(CN)2(CNS)(H2O), (iv) KHg(CN)2(Br) and (v) KHg(CN)2(CNS) has been studied by infrared spectroscopy. The structure of the anions of I, III and V complexes have been derived on the basis of characteristic absorption frequencies and other known properties and of II and IV on the basis of analogy as the CN groups in these complexes are infrared inactive. CN in these anions are linked as cyanide groups and SCN as isothiocyanate group in V. In III SCN is present both as thiocyanate and isothiocyanate group. III is monomeric with water as a coordinating group. In I and II water is not expected to be a ligand to Hg. Anions of I, II, IV and V are predominantly dimeric with CN as bridging group in the first three and SCN in V.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 44
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 142-146 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über eine einfache und verallgemeinerungsfähige Synthese von Derivaten des Thiapyrons-(2) berichtet. Die Darstellung gelingt durch Umsetzung der β-Mercaptoverbindungen α, β-ungesättigter Carbonsäureester mit monosubstituierten Malonylchloriden.
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  • 45
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 177-181 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, daß für N-Acyl-oxazolidine, -1,3-tetrahydrooxazine, -1,3-hexahydrooxazepine, 2-Alkyl-Δ2-thiazoline und 2-Alkyl-Δ2-thiazine Absorptionen im Bereich zwischen 900 und 1000 cm-1 charakteristisch sind. Diese Verbindungen wurden außerdem gaschromatographisch untersucht.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 46
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 199-206 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über Untersuchungen des Verlaufs der Oxydation bei geradkettigen Monoolefinen am Modell Dodecen-1 berichtet, insbesondere über den stimulierenden Einfluß eines Zusatzes von Ozon zum Oxydationsgas auf den Reaktionsablauf.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 47
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 246-252 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Interaction of the 1:1 Th-EDTA diaquo chelate with lactic, mandelic, o-hydroxy naphthoic acids has been investigated by the potentiometric technique. Formation of the mixed ligand chelate derivatives was indicated above pH 5.5. Equilibrium constants of the reactions have been determined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 48
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 262-265 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the analysis of microgram quantities of chloride and sulfate in nickel and nickel nitrate is given. The reliability of the method has been shown by a quantitative recovery of added chloride and sulfate from a solution of nickel nitrate. The method is being applied for the determination of these impurities in electrodeposited nickel. Methods are also given for the determination of boron and sulfide, found as impurities, in the electrodeposited nickel.
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  • 49
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 289-294 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Visible absorption spectra of Nickel (II) sulphate and various aliphatic amines were analysed, in order to extract information regarding each of amine Nickel (II) complex. The presence of six different complexes i.e., mono, di, tri, tetra, penta and hexamines have been indicated by the shift of absorption maxima for these. The energy changes of complexes due to exchange of water ligands with amines have been calculated and an interpretation is offered for this shift in the observed position of absorption maxima.
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  • 50
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 301-304 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the physicochemical properties like refractive index, spectrophotometry, conductivity and pH measurements of a series of mixed solutions of uranyl nitrate and mercurous nitrate have shown the existence of two complexes in solution in the (1:1) and (1:2) molecular ratios respectively viz. \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm UO}_2 \left({{\rm NO}_3 } \right)_2 \cdot {\rm Hg}_2 \left({{\rm NO}_3 } \right)_2,} \hfill & {\left({\rm i} \right)} \hfill \\ {{\rm UO}_2 \left({{\rm NO}_3 } \right)_2 \cdot 2{\rm Hg}_2 \left({{\rm NO}_3 } \right)_2,} \hfill & {\left({{\rm ii}} \right)} \hfill \end{array} $$\end{document}Both the above mentioned compounds have been detected only in the solution by the breaks in the usual curves when various properties like conductivity, refractive index, spectrophotometry and pH were plotted against the m.l. of mercuric nitrate (M/10) added to a fixed volume of uranyl nitrate (M/10).
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  • 51
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 358-361 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A rapid amperometric method for the determination of vanadium (V) has been described which involves titration of vanadium (V) as sodium orthovanadate against copper sulphate solution at Ede = - 0.20 V (vs S.C.E.). The accuracy and reproducability of the method is excellent particularly at higher temperature i.e. at 60°C. The method permits the determination of vanadium (V) down to 0.2 mM with an accuracy 1.0%).
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  • 52
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 366-368 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three hexaco-ordinated complexes of nickel (II) acetate with ammonia, ethylenediamine and propylenediamine have been prepared. Conductivity measurements indicate the complexes to be non-electrolytes. Molecular weight measurements confirm this. The visible absorption spectrophotometric measurements show a number of bands corresponding to the various permitted transitions of the metal and a discussion of the structure in the light of these transitions is presented.
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  • 53
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 375-377 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some complexes of cerium (IV) sulphate with ammonia and primary aliphatic amines have been prepared. The molecular formulae on the basis of analysis turn out to be Ce(SO4)2 · 4 amine. The complexes behave as electrolytes. The absorption spectra have been recorded and an interpretation is offered for possible transitions.Lanthanides, and cerium in particular are receiving special attention these days. A number of complexes of latter with various ligands and anions have been reported1-5). In the present paper some complexes of cerium (IV) sulphate with ammonia, methyl, ethyl, propyl and butylamine are being presented.
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  • 54
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 369-374 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some substituted sulphonamides have been cyanoethylated and they were subjected to reduction. On hydrolysis with aqueous and alcoholic sodium hydroxide the cyanoethylated sulphonamides gave decyanoethylated products identical to the original sulphonamides.
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  • 55
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 378-381 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some molecular addition compounds of cobalt (II) oxalate with primary aliphatic amines have been prepared. The general molecular formula on the basis of analysis of constituent elements turn out to be CoC2O4 · RNH2. The formation of compounds is independent of the excess amine concentration. The compounds behave as electrolytes. The molecular weight measurements and VAN'T HOFF factor “i” also confirm this fact.
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  • 56
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 386-390 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of 3-methyl-6,7-benzo-5′(4′)-methyl furano-(2′,3′,1,2) xanthones has been recorded.
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  • 57
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 382-385 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The co-ordination compounds of tripositive iron with nitrogen containing ligands have been found to be of high spin type on the basis of magnetism. The ultraviolet and visible absorption measurements show three bands in the vicinity of 21 400 cm-1, 17 480 cm-1 and 10 650 cm-1.
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  • 58
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 391-396 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5- und 6-gliedrige 2-Alkyl-cycloalkandione-(1, 3) erhält man durch Umsetzung von Dicarbonsäurehalogeniden mit Carbonsäuren oder von Carbonsäurehalogeniden mit Dicarbonsäuren unter FRIEDEL-CRAFTS-Bedingungen.
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  • 59
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 34-39 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über Darstellung, Analyse und einige Eigenschaften der 2-Methylmercapto-4-methylphenylarsonsäure berichtet. Folgende Reaktionswege führten zum Ziel: (a) 4-Methylanilin → 2-Nitro-4-methylanilin → 2-Nitro-4-methylphenylarsonsäure → 2-Amino-4-methylphenylarsonsäure → 2-Methylmercapto-4-methylphenylarsonsäure; (b) 4-Methylanilin → 2-Amino-6-methylbenzthiazol → 2-Mercapto-4-methylanilin (alkalische Lösung) → 2-Methylmercapto-4-methylanilin → 2-Methylmercapto-4-methylphenylarsonsäure.
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  • 60
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 162-167 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Umsetzung der Acetonketale des Glycerins und des Trimethylolpropans mit Adipinsäureanhydrid liefert Adipinmono- und -diester. Durch nachfolgende Abspaltung der Acetonschutzgruppierungen gelangt man zu Mono-[2, 3-dihydroxypropyl]-adipat, Bis-[2, 3-dihydroxypropyl]-adipat, Mono-[2, 2-dihydroxymethyl-butyl]-adipat, Bis-[2, 2-dihydroxymethyl-butyl]-adipat.
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  • 61
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 20-33 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das UV-Spektrum des Hexamycins besitzt Maxima bei 336, 356 und 376 nm. Im IR-Spektrum ist die typische Bande der Makrolid-Polyenantibiotika bei 1712 cm-1 enthalten. Der Schmelzpunkt beträgt 120-125°C, das Äquivalentgewicht 824, die Molmasse liegt zwischen 700 und 800. Hexamycin ist in polaren organischen Lösungsmitteln löslich und unlöslich in Wasser und nicht polaren Lösungsmitteln. Lösungen der Substanz verlieren ihre antibiotische Aktivität sowohl durch Erhitzen als auch bei längerem Stehen. Von 21 geprüften Mikroorganismen, vorwiegend Pilze, werden weit über die Hälfte durch 2-32 μg/ml gehemmt. Der Einfluß des Hexamycins auf die Polyphenoloxydase- und Peroxydaseaktivität ist gering. Die Atmung von Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen wird durch Hexamycin beträchtlich gemindert.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 62
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 57-68 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Ergebnisse von Gleichgewichts- und kinetischen Messungen der syn-parallelen Cyclisierung diastereomerer 1,2-Aminoalkohole mit Ketonen werden diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, daß in der Mehrzahl der untersuchten Fälle sterische Faktoren die Gleichgewichtslage und die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit entscheidend beeinflussen.
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  • 63
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 101-106 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monothio-dibenzoylmethan ist wesentlich reaktionsfähiger als Dibenzoylmethan. Die üblichen Carbonylreagenzien greifen stets zuerst die Thiocarbonylgruppe an. Die Monokondensationsprodukte sind daher schwefelfrei. Wenn sich Bis-kondensationsprodukte bilden, wird zuerst H2S und dann H2O abgespalten. Die Umlagerung der Enol-Form des Monothio-dibenzoylmethans in die Enthiol-Form erfolgt wahrscheinlich direkt und nicht über die Oxo-thioxo-Form.
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  • 64
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 130-136 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High frequency ultrasonic waves of frequency 1 Mc/s. have been employed to study the decolourization of dilute aqueous solution of crystal violet. The process is irreversible and the kinetic study shows it to be unimolecular one. The deaeration of the solution by nitrogen does not affect the rate of the decolourization. The addition of certain substances such as alcohol, acetone, ether, glycerine, dioxan and allylthiourea inhibits the decolourization to a considerable extent. Oxidation and subsequent destruction of the dye molecule has been found to be the cause of the fading of the dye solution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 65
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 147-149 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ätherische Titantetramethyllösungen lassen sich einfach durch Einwirkung von Titan(IV)-chlorid auf Methylmagnesiumhalogenidlösungen darstellen. Geeignete Apparaturen werden im folgenden beschrieben.
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  • 66
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 168-176 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2α, 3α- und 2β, 3β- Benzoylimino-cholestan werden durch Natriumjodid in siedendem Aceton zu 2′-Phenyl-(2α, 3α)-oxazolino-[5′, 4′:2, 3]-cholestan bzw. 2′-Phenyl-(2β, 3β)-oxazolino-[5′, 4′:3, 2]-cholestan umgelagert. Mit Bortrifluoridätherat in absolutem Äther bildet 2α, 3α-Benzoylimino-cholestan ebenfalls 2′-Phenyl-(2α, 3α)-oxazolino-[5′, 4′:2, 3]-cholestan. Dagegen erfolgt durch verdünnte Schwefelsäure oder Pikrinsäure in Aceton sowie durch Benzoesäureanhydrid oder Pikrinsäure in Alkohol Ringöffnung zu 2-Hydroxybzw. Alkoxybenzamiden. Die Ringschlußreaktion des diaxialen 2β-Chlor-3α-benzaminocholestan führt mit Natriumhydrogenkarbonat zum Oxazolin, während mit Kaliumhydroxid 2α, 3α-Imino-cholestan entsteht.
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  • 67
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 207-221 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über Untersuchungen zur Epoxidbildung bei der Oxydation geradkettiger Olefine berichtet. Diese kann durch Zusatz von Ozonid oder Carbonyl auf über 50% des umgesetzten Olefins erhöht werden.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 68
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 192-199 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carboxyl- bzw. Aldehyd-geschützte Glyoxylsäurederivate wurden für Isonitril-Reaktionen nach UGI eingestzt: Glyoxylsäureamide gaben je nach Reaktionskomponenten Diamide der Aminomalonsäure oder Derivate des Tetrazolyglycins. - Acetale von Glyoxyloylaminosäureamiden (9a, b) wurden aus Dialkoxyessigsäure gewonnen. Das analog aus Dichloressigsäure zugängliche Dichloracetylderivat 9c gab mit Amin ein Aminal, das sich ebenso wie 9a sauer zum entsprechenden 2-Hydroxypiperazin-dion-(3,6) 11a hydrolysieren ließ. - Lävulinsäure konnte mit Amin/Isonitril zu Pyrrolidon-5-carbonsäureamiden cyclisiert Werden.
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  • 69
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 37 (1968), S. 302-310 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Aminomethylierun von aliphatischen α-Keto-dicarbonsäurediäthylestern und Dicarbonsäurediäthylestern mit mittelständiger Ketofunktion ergab Dimethylaminomethyl-keto-dicarbonsäurediäthylester, deren Hydrochloride thermolytisch in die entsprechenden Methylen-keto-dicarbonsäurediäthylester übergeführt wurden.
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  • 70
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed analytical scheme for the determination of different sulphur compound types in Bakr crude oil distillate fractions up to 350°C was carried out. The quantitative distribution of elemental sulphur, hydrogen sulphide, mercaptans, aliphatic sulphides, aromatic sulphides, reducible and thiophenic sulphur compound types was studied.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 71
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 40-49 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese von Sultamen des p-Xylidins, des 2-Amino-1,3-dimethylbenzols, des 2-Aminoanthrachinons, der p-Aminosalicylsäure und der m-Aminosalicylsäure und einiger ihrer Derivate wird beschrieben. Aus den Butadien-(1,3)-sultamen von zwei Xylidinen konnten die entsprechenden N-Dimethylphenyl-pyrrole hergestellt werden.
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  • 72
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 77-87 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Reaktion von primären langkettigen Alkylhalogeniden mit Alkalicyanat in Dimethylformamid verläuft in Gegenwart stöchiometrischer Wassermengen schnell und vollständig zu den entsprechenden N,N′-Dialkylharnstoffen. Langkettige α,ω-Dihalogenalkane setzen sich analog zu den entsprechenden Polyharnstoffen um. Sekundäre Alkylhalogenide lassen sich mit schlechteren Ausbeuten in verzweigte N,N′-Dialkylharnstoffe überführen. Die als Zwischenprodukte zu erwartenden Alkylisocyanate konnten isoliert werden.
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  • 73
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 38 (1968), S. 113-118 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird eine neue Gruppe thiophosphororganischer Verbindungen O,O-Dialkyl-S-(aryldisulfido)-dithiophosphate und deren IR-Spektren berichtet.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 74
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 153-163 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The occurrence of so-called synchronous 7-centre-fragmentation has been excluded for γ-amino-ketoxime derivatives N—C—C—C—C=N—X. Fragmentation may occur, however, by another route.Reaction rates of the p-toluenesulfonates of (4-quinuclidinyl)-methyl-ketoxime (10b) and (3β-tropanyl)-methyl-ketoxime (14b) in 80% ethanol and the resulting products have been determined. Whereas the latter γ-aminoketoxime underwent quantitative BECKMANN rearrangement to 3β-acetylaminotropane (29), the former yielded 3% fragmentation products besides rearranged 4-acetylamino-quinuclidine (13).A kinetic study reveals that both 10b and 14b react via the rearranged nitrilium ions 12a and 16a, respectively. In the case of the N-(4-quinuclidinyl)-acetonitrilium ion (12a) 5-centre-fragmentation competes with hydration to the amide 13.
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  • 75
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (1) A method is described which allows the elucidation of the structure of cotton cross-linked with formaldehyde. It consists of a permethylation process (5 methylations with dimethyl sulphate and sodium hydroxide in dimethyl sulphoxide, followed by two exchange methylations of the formalised sodium cellulosate with methyl iodide in n-butanol), hydrolysis of the product in 72% sulphuric acid to the respective methylated glucoses, reduction of the mixture of glucoses to the respective sorbitols, blocking of all free hydroxyl groups by acetylation, trifluoroacetylation or formation of trimethylsilyl ethers, and vapour phase chromatographic separation of the derivatives.(2) It is shown that after permethylation practically no free hydroxyl groups can be detected and that scarcely any replacement of methylene or oxymethylene cross-links by methyl groups has taken place. With the exception of losses in filtration of the permethylation product, all stages of the process proceed on an almost quantitative basis.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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  • 76
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction between phenol and trans penta-2,4-dienyl chloride gave trans penta-2,4-dienyl Phenyl ether (I), whereas with a mixture of sorbyl chloride and 1-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl chloride, pure trans, trans hexa-2,4-dienyl phenyl ether (IV) and trans 1-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl phenyl ether (V) were obtained. The ether I gave, on heating in dilute solution at 185°, 4-(penta-2,4-dienyl)-phenol (III) as the main product, and also some 2-(2-vinylallyl)-phenol (II). The ether IV provided, on heating at 165°, in addition to the ortho CLAISEN rearrangement product VI, mainly a mixture consisting of 94% 4-(1-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl)-phenol (VIII) and only 6% 4-(hexa-2,4-dineyl)-phenol(IX). The latter product (IX) was the only para isomer produced on heating ether V, but in addition 22% of the ortho rearrangement product VII was formed.The migrations I → III, IV → VIII, and V → IX, proceeding through a ten membered transition state, are the first [5,5] sigmatropic rearrangements described.
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  • 77
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 206-210 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A total synthesis of hystrine has been realised with good yield by the introduction of a double link into the piperidine nucleus of synthetic ammodendrine, followed by deacetylation, and purification with the aid of the nitroso derivative.The identity of the synthetic product with authentic hystrine was established by its chromatographic behaviour, by UV.-, IR.- and mass spectra as well as by the properties of its nitroso derivative. Thus the proposed structure of hystrine as 3-(2, 3, 4, 5-tetrahydropyrid-6-yl)-1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydropyridine (V) is proved.
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  • 78
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The phase diagram of the technical important fusion system pyridine-aluminiumchloride was determined by classical thermo-analysis, proving the existance of a hitherto unknown pyridine-aluminium chloride 2:1 complex.
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  • 79
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 311-325 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pachybiose (1) is shown to be 4-O-(3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-β-D-allopyranosyl)-D-oleandrose and asclepobiose (14) 4-O-(3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-β-D-allopyranosyl)-D-cymarose.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 80
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Condensation of the tetrahydropyranyl ether of the α-hydroxyalkyl-thioamides with 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-2-pentanones yields DL-2-(α-hydroxyalkyl)-4-methyl-5-(β-hydroxyethyl)-thiazoles. By oxidation with chromic anhydride 2-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-5-(β-acetoxyethyl)-thiazole yields the corresponding 2-formyl derivative. The latter compound reacted with GRIGNARD complexes gives the homologous DL-2-(α-hydroxyalkyl)-4-methyl-5-(β-hydroxyethyl)-thiazoles. This is a general method for the synthesis of the thiazole part of the «active aldehydes».2-Acetyl-4-methyl-5-(β-hydroxyethyl)-thiazole is also obtained by chromic oxidation of the suitable methylthiazol-2-yl-carbinol.The condensation of the thioamides obtained from the α-ethoxycarbonyl-nitriles with 3-bromo-5-acetoxy-2-pentanone results in the DL-2-(α-ethoxycarbonyl-alkyl)-4-methyl-5-(β-acetoxyethyl)-thiazoles. The α-hydroxyl function is introduced into the 2-(α-ethoxycarbonyl-alkyl) group by chlorination with sulfuryl chloride and replacement of the introduced chlorine by acetate. The latter compounds are the esters of the thiazole part of the «active α-oxo-carboxylic acids» (e.g. active pyruvate, etc.).The reaction of 2-(α-hydroxyalkyl)-4-methyl-5-(β-hydroxyethyl)-thiazoles and 2-(α-ethoxycarbonyl-α-acetoxy-alkyl)-4-methyl-5-(β-acetoxyethyl)-thiazoles, respectively, with alkyl, alkenyl and aralkyl haloids, or with 2-methyl-4-amino-5-bromomethyl-pyrimidine hydrobromide results in the quaternary thiazolium compounds belonging to the group of the active aldehydes, active α-oxo-carboxylic acids, etc. According to this method 2-hydroxymethyl-thiamine bromide hydro-bromide has been synthesized, which can be considered as the pyrophosphate-free «active formal-dehyde».The 2-α-hydrogen atom in 2-(α-hydroxyalkyl)-thiazolium compounds cannot be replaced by deuterium under conditions similar to those used for the H → D exchange in thiamine.The main peaks in the mass spectra of 2-(α-hydroxyalkyl) substituted thiazoles and thiazolium quaternary salts are listed.
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  • 81
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The authors propose for the characterization of strepogenic substances of known composition the specific activity, i. e. the number of WOOLLEY units per μmole.Starting from L-leucyl-L-cystinyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-glutamic acid (of very high strepogenine activity, 400 WOOLLEY units per mg, 230 WOOLLEY units per μmole) seven peptides have been synthesized by suppression and/or replacement of amino acid residues. A study of the relation between activity and structure of these peptides shows that: In this group cystine is an indispensable element for activity.This amino acid must either be linked on each side to leucine residues or linked by its carboxyles to leucine, its amino groups being free.From these results, the conception emerges that the strepogenine polypeptides may be characterized by an amino acid (in this group of peptides, cystine) which must be linked to particular amino acid residues. If this conception is correct, there should exist several types of strepogenines depending on the nature of the amino acid essential for their activity.
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  • 82
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Disazo dyes from 6-amino-1-hydroxy-naphthalene-3-sulfonic acid (J acid) were synthesized by coupling ortho-hydroxy monoazo dyes with different diazonium compounds in acid medium (dyes No 3-14. A second coupling to the ortho position of the amino group was also possible with the copper complexes of o,o' -dihydroxy monoazo dyes from 8-amino-1-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid (H acid) dyes No 19-22). This is a reversal of the well known rule that the formation of disazo dyes with aminonaphthol-sulfonic acids is only practicable when an acid coupling is followed by an alkaline one. 5-Amino-1-hydroxy-naphthalene-3-sulfonic acid (M acid), which is said to form no disazo dyes, could be coupled twice with several diazonium compounds to yield disazo dyes (dyes No 24, 26, 27, 29).
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  • 83
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 94-105 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction of murexide with different divalent metal ions of class A and B have been measured by the temperature-jump-relaxation method. The second-order formation rate constant increases in the sequence Ni2+ 〈 Co2+ 〈 Mn2+ 〈 Zn2+ 〈 Cd2+ ˜ Cu2+ ˜ Ca2+ 〈 Sr2+ 〈 Ba2+ 〈 Pb2+.Thermodynamic data obtained from kinetic and equilibrium studies, respectively, are in good agreement. The results are compared with the characteristic rate constants for H2O-exchange in the inner coordination sphere of these metal ions, which follow the same sequence. The rate constants of the reaction of murexide with various trivalent metal ions, including the lanthanides, are also discussed in terms of current ideas on metal complex formation.
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  • 84
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The total or partial structure determinations of some new components from Dregea abyssinica are reported. The four drebyssogenins (F, G, J and H) are esters of the drevogenins P (7) and D(9) and have the following structures: Drebyssogenin F (5) = 11-O-acetyl-12-O-(α-hydroxyisovaleryl)-drevogenin P, drebyssogenin G (14) = 11-O-acetyl-12-O-isovaleryl-drevogenin D, drebyssogenin J (15) = 11, 12-di-O-acetyl-drevogenin D. Drebyssogenin K is a mixture of K1 (16) and K2 (17), the mono-O-tiglyl and mono-O-isovaleryl derivatives of drevogenin D respectively, with as yet undetermined position of the acyl residues. The drebyssosides 1, 2 and 3 are glycosides of trisaccharides. Drebyssoside 1 (2) is pachybiosyl-cymarosyl-drevogenin A, drebyssoside 2 (3) asclepobiosyl-cymarosyl-drevogenin A and drebyssoside 3 (6) pachybiosyl-cymarosyl-drebyssogenin F. Drebyssoside 4 is a mixture of at least two components and contains the same aglycones and the same sugar units as the drebyssosides 1 and 3, but is different from them. The full structure of the two sugars (drebyssobiose (25) and sugar T (24)) has not been determined; it is only shown that both are disaccharides which contain 3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-allose linked to a 2-deoxyhexose.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 85
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 526-529 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new organo-metallic titanium-zinc compound [Ti(C5H5)2Cl]2ZnCl2 has been isolated. Its structure has been characterised by means of spectroscopic, susceptibility and dipole measurements.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 86
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 529-532 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton spectrum of furan oriented in the nematic phase of anisoleazophenyl-n-capronate has been analysed. The ratios of the various interproton distances as well as the orientation parameters and the signs of the indirect coupling constants for furan are determined.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 87
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 569-576 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In earlier publications [1] [2] [3] [4] a pyranoid structure has been proposed for the sugar moiety of imidazoline and imidazolidine derivatives from D-glucosamine. But by NMR.-spectra and periodate oxidation the sugar moiety of these compounds and of similar derivatives from other 2-amino-2-deoxy-sugars is now shown to be of furanoid structure.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 88
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 598-598 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 89
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 90
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1037-1051 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The present day quantum chemistry is mathematically based on von NEUMANN'S formulation of quantum mechanics and therefore not able to deal correctly with anomal quantum states. A general theory of large molecules and large molecular systems has to be founded on quantum field theory allowing for inequivalent irreducible representations. It is proposed to formulate quantum chemistry in the framework of the B*-algebra of the observables. The paradox of molecular systems having an infinite number of degrees of freedom is discussed, and the possible significance of anomal molecular quantum states for molecular biology is pointed out.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of 2β-tosyloxy-A-nor-5α-cholestane-5-ol (2) with t-butoxide in t-butanol gave 2α, 5-epoxy-A-nor-5α-cholestane (3) in quantitative yield.When A-nor-5β-cholestane-2α, 5-diol (4) was treated with tosyl chloride in pyridine 2β-chloro-A-nor-5β-cholestane-5-ol (7) and 2α-tosyloxy-A-nor-5β-cholestane-5-ol (8) were obtained. Whereas the chloride 7 was resistant to t-butoxide the tosylate 8 was transformed into an 1 : 1 mixture of 2α, 5-epoxy-5β-cholestane (10) and 2ξ-t-butoxy-A-nor-5β-cholestane-5-ol (11). In 2α-tosyloxy-A-nor-5α-cholestane-5-ol (12) substitution occurred as the only reaction.Both oxetanes 3 and 10 isomerize after heating above 50° and in polar or protic solvents to form A-nor-Δ3(5)-cholestene-2α-ol (6) and -2β-ol (14) respectively. Also, 2, 5-diols are encountered.2α-Ethyl-2β, 2′-epoxy-A-nor-5α-cholestane (23) was synthesized starting from A-nor-5α-cholestane-2-one (17). The intermediates were the ester 16, the diol 18, the hydroxy-tosylate 19 and the chlorhydrin 20. The spirocyclic oxetane 23 was reduced by LiAlH4 in dioxane (not in ether). By chromatography on silica gel 23 was isomerized to the homoallylic alcohol 21 and transformed into 2-methylene-A-nor-5α-cholestane (24) by fragmentation.The IR. and NMR. spectra of the new oxetanes were compared with those of a series of known oxetanes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 92
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1095-1102 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On décrit la préparation, à partir de la dibromo-2, 5-téréphtalophénone et de quelques-uns de ses dérivés méthylés, par déshydrobromation accompagnée d'une double cyclisation, de la trans-fluorénacène-dione (dioxo-6, 12-dihydro-6, 12-indéno [1, 2-b] fluorène) et de quelques dérivés méthylés. Ces dicétones polycycliques sont colorées en orangé, rouge ou violet, et cuvables. Leur réduction selon WOLFF-KISHNER fournit les hydrocarbures correspondants.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 93
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1051-1060 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Magneto-optical rotatory dispersion (MORD.) of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons can be described very accurately by an equation of the DRUDE type. The two parameters, appearing in such an equation, have been determined from MOR. measurements in the region of 240 to 500 nm by the method of least squares. These parameters show a systematic dependence on the structure of the investigated hydrocarbons. An empirical rule for the approximation of the DRUDE parameters is given which in turn allow the calculation of the VERDET constant for a given structure at any wavelength between 240 and 500 nm.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 94
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    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1108-1119 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 7-Aminocephalosporanic acid or esters thereof are prepared either by intramolecular aminolysis of esters of the antibiotic cephalosporin C or vïa imino-ethers derived from the latter.A simple procedure for the preparation of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid in high yield is described.
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  • 95
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1155-1158 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A total synthesis of hog thyrocalcitonin is described. A protected C-terminal tridecapeptide amid (20-32) was coupled with a protected central decapeptide (10-19), and the resulting protected tricosapeptide amide (10-32) was reacted with the N-terminal protected nonapeptide (1-9). After elimination of the protective groups, a free dotriacontapeptide amide was obtained whose physical, chemical and biological behaviour was indistinguishable from that of the natural hormone.
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  • 96
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1184-1184 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of 2-picolylidene-bis-(p-phenylsulfuric acid) disodium salt (I, DCI: ‘sodium picosulfate’) has been realized by two routes. I has been characterized by the usual analytical data and UV., IR. and PMR. spectral properties.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 98
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1203-1213 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactivity of hydroxy-indoles under the conditions of the Mannich-reaction has been studied. The electrophilic side-chain enters in each case in a position ortho to the phenolic group. 4-Hydroxy-indole is substituted in the 5-, 5-hydroxy-indole in the 4-, 6-hydroxy-indole in the 7-, and 7-hydroxy-indole probably in the 6-position. The structures of the Mannich bases from 4-, 5- and 6-hydroxy-indole have been confirmed by comparison of the hydroxy-methyl-indoles obtained by reductive desamination with hydroxy-methyl-indoles prepared by unambiguous total synthesis.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 99
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1409-1420 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1, 2-Dithioles with sulfur substitutents in position 5 are prepared by reaction of 4-chloro-1, 2-dithiol-3-ones with thiols, sulfinates, dithiocarbamates, or potassium ethylxanthate. Bis-(4-chloro-1, 2-dithiol-3-on-5-yl) sulfide is produced from 4, 5-dichloro-1, 2-dithiol-3-one with sodium thiosulfate and other thiol forming reagents. The 5-alkylthio- and 5-arylthio-1, 2-dithiol-3-ones can be oxidized with peracids to sulfoxides and, partly, to sulfones; the sulfones can also be obtained from sulfinates. 4-Chloro-5-(α-methyl-benzylthio)-1, 2-dithiol-3-one reacts differently with peracetic acid, giving bis-(4-chloro-1, 2-dithiol-3-on-5-yl) disulfide besides 4-chloro-1, 2-dithiol-3-one. With oxalyl chloride, 4-chloro-5-alkylthio-1, 2-dithiol-3-ones form 3, 4-dichloro-dithioliumchlorides, which react with anilines to give 3-phenylimino-4-chloro-5-alkylthio-1, 2-dithioles.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Senecio alpinus (L.) SCOP. is very rich in alkaloids. The dried overground parts gave 0,45% crude alkaloid mixture. The main component is seneciphylline (1); small amounts of cristalline jacozine (4) could also be isolated. - Senecio subalpinus KOCH gave 0,368% of crude alkaloid mixture. In contrast to former results only 0,1% of this was present in the form of N-oxides. The bulk was a ca. 1 : 1 mixture of seneciphylline with senecionine (3). - Senecio incanus L. subsp. carniolicus (WILLD) BRä.-BL. gave 0,40% of crude alkaloid mixture; from this some pure seneciphylline could be isolated. - In all three plants the presence of integerrimine (2) and other non-identified alkaloids could be established by thin layer chromatography.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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