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  • 1985-1989  (56)
  • 1970-1974  (731)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1910-1914
  • 1988  (56)
  • 1972  (375)
  • 1970  (356)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (787)
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Years
  • 1985-1989  (56)
  • 1970-1974  (731)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1910-1914
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental results from a plate-column wet scrubber with gas-atomized sprayPaper presented at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A pilot wet scrubber was examined experimentally. It is constructed like a plate column. Its plates are designed to set the gas into a whirling motion with tangential velocities of up to 25 m/s and to ensure a uniform distribution of the liquid throughout the gas flow. Particles suspended in the waste gas are collected by gas-atomized droplets to yield cut diameters between one and two microns. Energy consumption is lower than in the case of other scrubbers. The scrubbing mechanisms are analyzed by examining the measured pressure drops. Finally, methods of determining the collection efficiency are discussed and an empirical approach to its calculation is presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110111
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between residence time, fluid dynamics and efficiency in countercurrent flow equipmentPaper presented at AIChE Annual Meeting 1986, Miami Beach, Florida, USA (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 139-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The suitability of any item of equipment for a given thermal separation process cannot always be judged solely in the light of efficient and loading range data. In vacuum rectification, involving a large number of theoretical stages, the vapour pressure drop per transfer unit exerts a considerable effect on the energy consumption and thus largely governs the choice of column fittings. Furthermore, the pressure drop per transfer unit determines the temperature at the bottom of a rectification column and, hence, the suitability of the equipment for the separation of heat-sensitive products. It is also an important criterion for compressor requirements in absorption processes. Another factor of considerable importance in separating heat-sensitive mixtures by distillation is the time during which the product, particularly the liquid phase, is exposed to a given temperature in the column. Therefore, a standardized liquid residence time has been adopted to evaluate the systems in their entirely. This residence time depends on the hydrodynamic conditions in the column and is thus closely related to pressure drop and efficiency. Further important factors, which may decide the selection of column internals, are the specific volume and mass of the column. Based on theoretical considerations, a flow model is derived for describing the main loading range of countercurrent packed columns; the relationships between the above mentioned parameters are presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110119
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption of SO2 by aqueous NaOH solutions in the presence of a surfactant (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 156-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A report is presented on the influence of liquid flow rate, NaOH concentration, column length and presence of 5 × 10-3 wt-% of the surfactant SLS on the rate of absorption of pure SO2 by aqueous NaOH solution in a sphere-and-cylinder column. The presence of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) prevented axial turbulence which increased mass transfer in longer columns and was almost independent of the flow rate. The enhancement factor due to the reaction between SO2 and NaOH with respect to the process of physical absorption was analyzed for the systems with excess OH- in the outflow. The results obtained in the presence of a surfactant are satisfactorily explained by film theory with a single reaction plane model. Those obtained in the absence of surfactant are best described by a two-plane model using renewal theory.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110121
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of temperature fields in mixing vessels using optical topographyPaper presented by W. Ostendorf at the “Jahrsterffen der Verfahrens- Ingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 148-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental investigation of stirring processes require the measurement of temperature changes and concentration profiles in all the zones of the mixing volume. The conversion of simultaneous chemical reactions during the mixing process depends on the local temperature and concentration. The time-dependent temperature and concentration fields can be recorded for the entire mixing volume with the use of optical tomography and correlated with time. This technique offers the possibility of continuous measurement of temperature and concentration changes during the mixing process throughout the measurement volume. In the described investigations, optical tomography is used to examine the transport and equalization processes during mixing in stirred vessels.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110120
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transfer between particle beds and submerged surfacesPaper presented by O. Molerus at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenierue”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 126-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Theoretical modelling of heat transfer to particle beds comprises two sequential steps: transfer from the heating surface to contacting particles followed by transfer to the interior of the bed. Two different limiting case can be formulated for the second step: unmixed and homogeneously mixed bed. In the case, heat is transferred gradually via a repeated sequence of heat transfer in the gap between adjacent particles and conduction in the particulate material. In the second case, heat is transferred to the interior of the bed by mixing of particles which have previously attained the temperature of the heating surface. On the other hand, the mixing motion maintains a homogeneous lower temperature throughout the bed. Theory predicts a significant and easily measurable difference in the behaviour of heat transfer coefficients for the two regimes at long contact times t: unmixed beds ∝ \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \sqrt t $$\end{document} and homogeneously mixed beds ∝ 1/t. For short times t, both regimes show the same behaviour, namely of t.From a theoretical standpoint, it makes sense to differentiate further between the behaviour patterns of unmixed beds: at long times t, instantaneous heat transfer coefficients are independent of heat transfer form the heating surface to adjacent particles. Comparison with experimental result from literature shows that the derived models, which are consistent, are suitable for describing the heat transfer from submerged surfaces to unmixed and mixed beds of particles.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of energy dissipation in contacting and mixing devicesPresented in memory of Professor Otto Nagel, at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 276-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The aim of the present paper is the discussion of the relevance of power dissipation as a criterion for the understanding and prediction of transfer and mixing efficiencies in contactors and chemical reactors. After reviewing the approach of Le Goff to the energetic efficiency of exchangers, based on the deviations from Chilton-Colburn analogy, the following processes are studied: mass transfer between a flowing fluid and a reactive solid surface, transfer to a fixed object in a stirred vessel, macro- and micromixing of miscible fluids, and mass transfer in fluid-fluid contractors (especially gas-liquid reactors). It is concluded from the various examples that a direct relationship between the dissipated power and intensity of transfer or mixing can be established only under the two following conditions: local values must be considered at the point where the actual transfer and mixing occur, and not average values over the whole device, and power dissipation must be coupled to transfer or mixing and appear physically as the driving force of the process.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110137
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new regenerable process for the recovery of SO2Dedicated to Professor Hanns Hofmann on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 402-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Increasing demand for regenerable processes with SO2 recovery is to be expected. Advantages and limitations of the earlier developed citrate and adipate absorption/ steam stripping process are compared with those of the Wellman-Lord (sulphite) process. On the basis of comprehensive laboratory studies, a new process is proposed which supplements the citrate and adipate process. In this new process, the absorbent is a concentrated sodium phosphate buffer and the loaded buffer is regenerated by evaporation. The main buffer component is Na2HPO4, but NaH2PO4 is added in order to obtain a more complete stripping of SO2 during regeneration. The new process promises excellent absorption properties for SO2 with extremely low oxidation losses, regeneration with few incrustation problems and appreciable energy savings.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110152
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110101
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial pressure profile in circulating fluidized beds (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Design and operation of a circulating fluidized bed requires the knowledge of fluid mechanics. According to heat and mass transfer as well as chemical reactions, the effect of the set superficial gas velocity on the axial pressure profile is of particular interest. The axial pressure profile was measured for a variety of solids, as a function of the superficial gas velocity, in a cylindrical circulating fluidized bed with an inner diameter of 0.19 m and an overall height of 11.5 m. Depending on the solids content and superficial gas velocity, two or one sections can be observed in the plant where the pressure gradient is constant. A pressure profile with one pressure gradient exists only at high gas velocities, so long as the acceleration pressure drop immediately above the gas distributor is negligible. Comparison of measured pressure drops in circulating fluidized beds with those measured in vertical pneumatic conveying led to a state diagram for vertical gas-solid flows. The operation behaviour of different types of circulating fluidized bed plants can be explained with the aid of this diagram.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engineering aspects and applications of crossflow microfiltration (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Crossflow microfiltration (CMF) is a pressure driven membrane process for the separation of suspended microparticles, bacteria and emulsion droplets. The fluid to be filtered flows in parallel to the membrane surface and restricts the formation of a filter cake. This contribution explains the basic process characteristics and the combination of the crossflow technique with other membrane cleaning methods (periodic backflushing, chemical cleaning). Special attention is paid to the influence of different process parameters on the flux through the membrane. The principle of plant design and different operation modes are described. Engineering aspects such as hydrodynamics, energy requirement and selection of construction materials are discussed in some detail.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110104
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer contributions of solid particles to gas permeation in viscous laminar tube flow (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: While two- and multiphase flows find more and more application in chemical engineering practice, and the demand for theoretical information about mass and heat transfer processes in such systems is increasing, such data or at least experimental results which could be generalized are still lacking. The following pages are concerned with mass transfer in laminar suspension tube flows normal to the main direction of flow due to the individual motions of small, inert spherical particles. On the basis of a large number of experimental data, an interpretation is attempted of the role of nearly neutrally-buoyant particles in mass transfer enhancement, and a model for a semi-empirical description is suggested. The experimental arrangement uses the mass transfer of carbon dioxide in laminar flow of salt water during the process of gas permeation through a permeable membrane tube wall.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110105
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial areas and gas hold-ups at elevated pressures in a mechanically agitated gas-liquid reactor (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Interfacial areas and gas hold-ups were determined at pressures of up to 1.7 MPa in a glass vessel, 88 mm in diameter and of standard geometry. Superficial gas velocities between 0.25 and 2.0 cm/s were used and the stirring speed varied between 4 and 30 rps. The interfacial areas were determined by the chemical method, using the model reaction between CO2 and aqueous diethanolamine (DEA). Hold-ups were determined by observation of differences in height. In contrast to literature indications, the gas hold-up was found to be independent of reactor pressure. This is also true for the interfacial area.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110102
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ethane addition on propane pyrolysis (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pyrolysis of propane/argon mixture in the presence of trace quantities (0.1% and 0.9%) of ethane was investigated at reflected shock wave temperatures between 1200 and 2000K. Traces of ethane accelerated propane decomposition at high temperature. However, increase in the quantity of ethane added to propane/argon mixture did not result in the same increase of its accelerating influence. Ethylene, methane and acetylene were the main hydrocarbon reaction products, with small quantities of propylene and ethane detected only at lower temperatures. Below 1500K, addition of ethane slightly enhanced the yields of ethylene and methane at the expense of propylene and ethane respectively. The selectivity for acetylene increased with increasing temperature and with the decline of those for the other products. For none of the products, did the presence of ethane alter the relationship between product formation rates and temperature. The influence of ethane addition on propane pyrolysis at high temperatures was explained in terms of increased radical concentrations, especially hydrogen atoms and vinyl radicals, formed at high conversions. These accounted for the rapid acceleration of propane decomposition and the high yield of acetylene at high temperatures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110132
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer in centrifugal extractorsPaper presented by F. Otillinger at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 312-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This contribution presents the methods of measuring the mass transfer in centrifugal extractors and of determining it during the individual life stages of a fluid element of the dispersed liquid, i.e. drop formation, motion, coalescence and stay in the stationary layer of the dispersed phase. The experimental mass transfer coefficients of the dispersed and continuous phases are compared with well-known theoretical models developed for extraction columns in gravitational field. Due to the fast motion and coalescence of the fluid particles at high centrifugal field intensities, mass transfer in centrifugal extractors takes place during short contact times. Nevertheless, this contribution shows that mass transfer in a centrifugal field can be calculated with selected theoretical models of the gravitational field. The investigations on mass transfer are completed by a classification of the strongly deformed fluid particles in centrifugal field into regimes of circulating and oscillating drops. In addition, data on the performance of centrifugal extractors, undergoing several exchange steps, are given.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110141
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic investigation of methacrylic acid synthesis on hetropoly-compoundsDedicated to Professor Dr. Hanns Hofmann on the ocassion of his 65th bithday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 392-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of heterogeneously catalyzed methacrylic acid synthesis from isobutyric acid has been investigated. Initial catalyst screening pointed to 10-molybdo-2-vanado-phosphoric acid and its Cs-salts as the most promising catalysts. A model describing the reaction behaviour of all the different hetropoly-compounds used in this work was developed. A relationship was found between model parameters and composition of different catalysts. First insight was gained into the catalyst deactivation phenomena. Deactivation appears to be caused mainly by loss of molybdenum with simultaneous collapse of the Keggin structure.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110151
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new appraisal of mass transfer processes in zeolites by transient methodsDedicated to Professor Dr. Hanns Hofmann on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 432-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Transient diffusion of inert gases into Zeolon 900 H, a zeolite of the mordenite type, was studied by the chromatographic method. Experiments were performed with argon and helium either as tracer or as carrier gas. The diffusion of argon was also studied in a carrier gas containing methanol at a low temperature (75°C, no reaction) and at higher temperatures (up to 130°C) when some dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether takes place. The adsorption isotherm of argon is linear. In the absence of methanol, its penetration into microcrystals of zeolite is equally well represented either by an effective diffusion coefficient D′μ = 7.4 × 10-8exp(-2873/T)m2s-1 or by a mass transfer coefficient at the crystallite surface keμ = 1.9 × 10-4 exp(-1324/T) ms-1. A small amount of methanol in the carrier gas considerably slows down the transfer of argon (by a factor of 40 for D′μ and 550 for keμ) showing the “blocking” effect of adsorbed methanol. In addition, transient adsorption can no longer be accounted for by a single transfer time. The size distribution of microcrystals, determined from Scanning Electron Microscope photographs leads to a Transfer Time Distribution which account well for experimental breakthrough curves without any parameter fitting. This interpretation is supported by experiments under reaction conditions where transport of argon within crystallites increases faster with temperature than in the absence of reaction due to the transformation of methanol into dimethyl ether, which is less adsorbed and thus provides lesser hindrance to argon diffusion.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110155
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chlorine on the selectivity of a fischer-tropsch catalyst composed of iron/vanadium oxidesDedicated to Professor Dr. Karl Schügerl on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 32-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fischer-Tropsch catalysts (Fe/V oxides with ZnO and K2CO3 as promoters) were exposed to CHCl3, thereby producing surface and bulk chlorides. The effect of this exposure on activity and selectivity was studied in a continuous recycle reactor at a total pressure of 10 bar (CO/H2 in most experiments: ca 1:1) in a temperature range between 200 and 343°C. CHCl3 was introduced in amounts of up to 1 × 10-2 mol chlorine per g catalyst. The catalyst samples were characterized by internal surface area, pore-size distribution and adsorption capacities for CO, H2 and C2H4. Prior to synthesis, the catalysts were reduced by H2. Catalyst exposure to CHCl3 resulted in a decrease of activity and considerable changes in product distribution. Hydrogenation and isomerization of 1-olefins were partly suppressed; the chain length of the products was slightly increased. Deactivation of the catalysts due to chlorine addition was partly reversible during operation, while olefin formation was not significantly altered with time-on-stream. The effect of chlorine on activity and selectivity is explained by dissociation of CO as the chain initiating step and CO insertion into a carbon/metal bond as a possible chain propagation step. Since adsorption capacity for H2 decreases on the addition of chlorine, this may also contribute to lower activity and change in selectivity, compared to the unexposed catalyst.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110106
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of enzyme inhibition on the performance of packed-bed biological reactor - a theoretical study (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 50-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The performance characteristic of a packed bed reactor has been analyzed by considering diffusional resistance of the biofilm. Model equations were solved by the method of orthogonal collocation for various classical enzyme inhibition kinetics, including partially non-competitive, partially competitive, partially uncompetitive, partially mixed and fully mixed. For all considered modes of inhibition, an increase in the inlet substrate concentration decreases the steady state conversion in the reactor. However, an increase in the Peclet number has been found to improve the conversion. The effects of various other process variables of physical importance were also investigated parametrically.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110108
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derivation, selection, evaluation and use of asymptotes (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Asymptotes are known to be useful, but their potential in interpreting and correlating chemical and physical behaviour is seldom exploited fully. The derivation and selection of asymptotes for particular as well as limiting cases is described. The evaluation of the range of validity and applicability, if any, of asymptotes is also considered. Asymptotes are shown to be uniquely useful in the identification of groupings of variables which minimize parameteric variations, as upper and lower bounds, as trial functions in the method of weighted residuals, and most especially as components of correlating equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110110
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A robust pole-placement self-tuning controller for chemical process control: Theoretical studies and simulation (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A single variable pole-placement self-tuning controller (PPSTC) is used to simulate examples typical of chemical processes; i.e., open-loop stable, unstable, and unstable non-minimum phase systems with unknown varying process dead time. The PPSTC is shown to be effective in each case. Set-point tracking and rejection of randomly occurring deterministic disturbances for all three types of processes are achieved. Simultaneous estimation of process parameters and process time delay is realized by using a recursive extended least squares method.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110109
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of stress and attrition on crystal size distributionPaper presented at the Annual Meeting of German Chemical Engineers 1986, September 17 to 19, in Strasbourg.Dedicated to Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rolf Lacmann on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 40-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An important parameter influencing the crystal size distribution in mass crystallization from solution is the mechanical stress exerted on crystals in the crystallizer. This contribution presents the study of the influence of mechanical stress and attrition of the system potassium nitrate-water in an FC-crystallizer and in various draft-tube crystallizers, fitted with different types of impellers. The intensity of stress is a newly defined variable which is used to describe the level of stress in crystallizers. The reduction of crystal size by attrition is described by the linear attrition rate. The influence of impeller design and crystal hold-up on crystal size distribution and scale-up rules is discussed.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110107
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  • 22
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    Attrition and secondary nucleation in crystallizers (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 80-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mean crystal size of coarse crystalline products is determined by secondary nucleation and crystal growth. Secondary unclei are mainly produced by contacts of crystals with parts of the crystallizer or with other crystals. As a consequence, attrition effects are very important. In this paper, a model is proposed in order to calculate the attrition rate of crystals, depending on the physical properties of the crystalline product, the geometry of the crystallizer and on the operating conditions such as the stirrer speed or the suspension density. The effective rate of secondary nucleation can be expressed in terms of the attrition rate by introducing effective values for number and size of attrition particles. Finally, a scale-up criterion based on this model is derived. This criterion allows to predict effective rates of secondary nucleation and mean crystal sizes if data obtained in a laboratory crystallizer are available.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110112
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  • 23
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    Theoretical and experimental study of sedimentation in vertical flow tanks (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Settling characteristics of four different suspensions were measured by batch settling tests (glass spheres in glycerol-water mixtures and CaCO3) and by continuous settling test in a bench-scale vertical flow tank (activated sludge and kaolin in water), including the measurement of solids concentrations inside the tank. The characteristics could be described by different correlation functions which now include all the information about the settling behaviour of ideal suspensions. Continuous settling experiments in a bench-scale vertical flow tank were carried out with the same four material systems. These results correspond with sufficient accuracy to those from the theory of limiting flux if the settling characteristics determined earlier are considered.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110114
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Thermal deactivation of heterogeneous catalyst, part 1. The theta-rule - a critical review (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermal deactivation can be described either by deactivation kinetics or by the isokinetic effect. The latter expression is used synonymously with the “compensation effect” and the “Theta-Rule”. An examination of the original literature shows that only the compensation effect is applicable to thermal deactivation but not the Theta-Rule. The introduction of the preparation temperature as a parameter of the compensation effect results in a “modified Theta-Rule”, which describes the experimental data and is proposed for the non-separable kinetics. The consequence of the observed deviations from the validity range of the Theta-Rule is that the activation energy cannot be used as a universal activity criterion.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110116
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    The stability of crude oil residues and factors affecting their decomposition during mild thermal treatment (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A number of topped crude oil residues were subjected to mild thermal cracking in the temperature range between 613 and 673K at N2 pressure of one atmosphere. It was found that the thermal stability of the six topped crude oils decreased in the order Brent 〈 Piper 〈 Auk 〈 Saudi Arabian 〈 Romashkinskaya 〈 Tia Juana Pesado. This was measured in terms of light end production (C1-C5 hydrocarbons). The asphaltene, sulphur and metal (nickel and vanadium) contents were also determined. The production of light ends, exemplified by methane, was found to be related to the metal asphaltene content of the crude oils, but the sulphur content exerted a moderating influence upon the extent of cracking. Hence, metal asphaltenes, probably as metal porphyrins, catalyse cracking but the presence of sulphur reduces that catalytic activity and can inhibit cracking. If cracking of long chain hydrocarbons is to be minimized, metal asphaltenes should be removed (preferably) or reduced in concentration or poisoned, in order to decrease their catalytic activity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110113
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  • 26
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    Kinetic analysis of the oxidation of isobutyraldehyde in liquid phase (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 120-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of non-catalytic as well as catalytic oxidation of Isobutyraldehyde has been investigated. Reaction rate equations for the formation of the main product isobutyric acid and of the side products acetone, CO and CO2 were derived. Kinetic parameters, namely the order of reaction, preexponential factor and activation energy were estimated by non-linear regression. The influence of selectivity and activity of the different type of catalysts employed was investigated quantitatively.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110117
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  • 27
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    Thermal deactivation of heterogeneous catalysts. Part 2: The compensation effect and the Catalytic Paradox (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 228-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The interpretation of the term “compensation” obscures a logical contradiction, the catalytic paradox, which is caused by inconsistent validity ranges of the Arrhenius parameters, the pre-exponential factor and the activation energy. For this reason, a theory which contains the Arrhenius parameters cannot be established for the entire system (whole temperature range) on the basis of classical logic. Only the subsystems can be consistent and complete. One subsystem is the range of the topocatalytic concept which is relevant for thermal deactivation, thermal bistability and for all reactions with surface dependence of activity. The other is the range of the energetic concept which is preferred in fundamental research. In order to complete the subsystems, new consistent symbols are introduced. The change of particle size caused by thermal deactivation can result in four possible particle size effects, two of which have been discussed in the literature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110130
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  • 28
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    Thermal radiation of gas/solid mixturesPaper presented by Th. Elsner at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermal radiation of gas/solid mixtures in high-temperature heat exchangers is of considerable importance for the design of heat exchange surfaces. Therefore, an experimental plant was constructed to measure solid particle emissivities, since there is a lack of relevant data in the existing literature. A theoretical equation was derived to describe the solid particle emissivity as a function of layer thickness, specific solid surface area, solid loading and absorption and scatter coefficients. Measurements were carried out for fluidized bed ash and quartz sand. The emissivities of these particle fractions increase with increasing layer thickness, slid loading, specific solid surface area and temperature. The description of these data by the derived model equation is very satisfactory. No dependence on wavelength was observed. The ash components do exert some influence which, for the present, cannot be described exactly.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110131
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  • 29
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    Application of modern packings in thermal separation processesPaper presented by R. Villet at ACHEMA ′85. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 213-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A report is presented on the performance of modern dumped and structured packings for application in the field of thermal separation processes. The evaluation of the results is based on extensive experimental investigations of rectification, absorption, and desorption systems. The following are indicated: the efficiency in terms of the number of theoretical stages per unit height or in terms of the height of transfer unit or volumetric mass transfer coefficient, the pressure drop per unit height as well as per theoretical stage or per gas phase transfer unit, and the liquid hold-up, whereby either the gas capacity factor or the liquid load was adopted as influencing parameter, and finally the maximum gas capacity factor as a function of the flow parameter. The results are presented in diagrams and tables.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110129
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  • 30
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    Volumetric mass transfer coefficient in stirred reactors (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 249-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is shown that the volumetric mass transfer coefficients, presented recently by Schmitz et al. [1] for viscous solutions of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in aqueous sodium sulphite, are considerably underestimated as a result of unjustified neglect of the oxygen back pressure during oxygen absorption. Schmitz et. al. [1] found a decrease in the exponent n in the relationship between the oxygen mass transfer coefficient, kla, and the power dissipated per unit volume of the liquid phase, e (kla ∝ en), and ascribed it to viscosity effects. However, no such decrease is observed, provided that the actual oxygen back pressure is taken into account.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110133
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  • 31
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    Effect of combustion air preheating on NOx emissions from gas burners in high-temperature industrial applicationsPresented by M. Flamme at the “Jahrestreffen der verfahrens-ingenieure”, strasbourg, september 17 to 19, 1986. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 104-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: NOx emissions from different commercial gas burners for metal heat treatment applications were measured for a research project of the Gaswärme-Institut. The burners, rated at up to 50 kW, were installed for the tests in a laboratory combustion chamber operated at temperatures of up to 1400°C. The air for combustion was preheated to maximum temperature of 600°C. Following the tests, the potentials of different NOx control techniques were investigated. Methods explored included staged combustion air injection, staged fuel injection and fuel gas injection into the flue for NOx reduction. The results showed that it is feasible to reduce the NOx content of flue gases by as much as 90%.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110115
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  • 32
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    A new fluid dynamic model for mixing of newtonian and power-law liquids in the transient regimeModified version of a paper presented at the “GVC Working Party on Mixing”, Trier, 4./5. May 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 162-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the description of mixing processes influenced by viscosity in pseudoplastic (power-law) fluids, a definition of representative viscosity is normally used which takes into account the variable flow behaviour of the stirred material as a result of different shear stresses. In this context, the Metzner and Otto concept, which postulates that a representative shear rate is proportional to stirring speed, has become widely know, although the power calculation is inaccurate, particularly in the transient regime between the laminar and turbulent flow. A new model of fluid dynamics in the mixing vessel is presented, based on the increase of the mean flow velocity standardized with the stirrer's tip velocity in the transition regime. It provides a physical explanation for the above deviations. A suitable definition of representative viscosity substantially improves the accuracy of calculations of the stirring power in power-law fluids.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110122
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    Scale-up of bioreactors for fermentation of mammalian cell cultures with special reference to oxygen supply and microcarrier mixingPaper presentet by J. Vorlop at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrensingenieure”, September 17 to 19, 1986 in Strasbourg (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The increasing demand for products from mammalian cells has prompted the authors to develop a new type of bioreactor. Its significant features include the supply of oxygen, homogeneous distribution of microcarrier suspensions and process control. Media with high protein contents, required for mammalian cell cultures tend to generate foam. This causes the flotation of solid particles. The reactor was equipped with a system of porous hydrophobic Accurel hollow fibre membranes in order to prevent the formation of bubbles. The membrane is coiled in the form of a basket, or fixed on several carriers. If the liquid pressure is higher than that of the gas phase inside the membrane, a bubble - free oxygen supply to the culture broth can be achieved. The problem of axial mixing of microcarier suspensions was solved by the use of a spiral agitator, attached underneath the aeration system at the bottom of the reactor. The combined aeration and mixing system, which is driven by an eccentric motor, undergoes a tumbling motion. Sufficiently homogeneous suspensions are produced in this system at low membrane velocities, i.e. in presence of low shear forces.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110123
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  • 34
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    Organosolv delignification of southern pine - an alternative pulping process (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aqueous ethylenediamine-ethanol-anthraquinone (EDA-EtOH-AQ) pulping of Southern Yellow Pine was studied for lignin removal and pulp yield. Temperature, time and ethylenediamine concentration in the solvent solution were studied and equations for lignin content and lignin-free yield were developed. Lignin content is decreased by an increase of temperature, time or EDA concentration. Lignin-free yield of pulp decreased with an increase in temperature or time, but increased with increasing EDA concentration. Overall, the solvent is selective, that is, large quantities of lignin are removed while the retention of cellulose remains high.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110126
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  • 35
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    Influence of mechanical stress on the growth of Rhizopus nigricans in stirred bioreactorsPaper presented at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrensigenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 178-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This investigation was undertaken in order to examine the factors affecting mechanical damage to micro-organisms in stirred bioreactors. Growth of the mould Rhizopus nigricans was studied in stirred bioreactors at different geometrical and operating parameters. Since experimental results cannot be described by conventional key parameters, a new concept has been suggested. It is based on the analogy to processes of mechanical disintegration. It is shown that the same key parameter, i.e. the ratio of power input to flow rate, can be used for a satisfactory correlation of experimental data on mechanical damage to micro-organisms, which is an important step in the recovery of intracellular products in biotechnology.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110124
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  • 36
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    Consistent scale-up procedure for the power consumption in agitated non-newtonian fluids (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is shown how a consistent scale-up rule for the power consumption in agitated non-Newtonian liquids can be obtained. The new approach is based on the concept of including the real liquid in a set of liquids with similar rheological properties and of using, in a small scale laboratory system, a suitable member of that set instead of the original liquid. Considerations of similarity lead to simple unique selection rules for the actual test liquid and for the stirrer speed in the laboratory experiment as well as to a prediction of the power requirement in the real system. The theory is tested experimentally by means of different aqueous polyacrylamide solutions. The results are compared with predictions, according to Metzner and Otto as well as Rieger and Novák.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110127
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  • 37
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    Bubble column research in Japan (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Many experimental studies on the bubble column have been reported by Japanese researchers since around 1960. They include studies of bubble behaviour, bubble size distribution, transition from the homogeneous bubbly flow regime to the heterogeneous liquid circulation regime, liquid velocity distribution, longitudinal liquid mixing, hydrodynamic modelling, the gas holdup, and the volumetric coefficient of gas-liquid mass tranfer kLa. Studies covered various modified bubble columns, such as the airlift reactor with an external or internal loop, the packed bubble column, and others. Performance of three-phase bubble columns, which deal with suspensions or emulsions, and their use as bioreactors or chemical reactors were also studied.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110128
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    A model-based control system for a distillation columnPaper presented by F. F. Rhiel at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 188-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A control concept which includes an adaptive multivariable control algorithm and an observer model has been put into practice in the operation of a distillation column which separates water from a solvent. The model yields predictions of solvent concentration in the waste water which forms the top product. Early detection of disturbances permits an adjustment of the process in time. This has resulted in an exceptionally smooth operation of the column, with a drastic reduction in solvent concentration fluctuations, observed with conventional control technology. Since the only measurements required are pressure, temperature and the rate of flow, this control system is largely free from disturbances. In addition to considerably reducing the burden on operating personnel, use of this control system has lowered the costs of waste water treatment, solvent losses, analysis expenditure and energy consumption.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110125
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  • 39
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    Parametric sensitivity of the ignition process to mass transfer in adiabatic tubular reactors with exothermic heterogeneous reactions (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 251-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The alternative effects of reaction kinetics, mass, heat and momentum transport on mass conversion by chemical reactions are examined theoretically for a reacot tube with laminar flow. The reaction enthalpy is considered. A heterogeneous reaction between several gaseous components takes place at the inner surface of this reactor tube. Strongly exothermic reactions lead to self-acceleration of the reaction, unless reaction enthalpy is removed through the tube wall. Under certain conditions, there will be a sudden change from mass transfer controlled by the reaction to that controlled by diffusion. This phenomenon is known as ignition of the reaction. The effect of ignition and its sensitivity to reaction enthalpy, thermal conductivity and diffusivity of the fluid as well as activation energy of the first order heterogeneous wall reaction are investigated by a numerical solution of the transport equations. Axial conduction of heat and mass is neglected both in the fluid and in the tube wall. Non-stoichiometric wall reactions of first order, with temperature dependent reaction rates and equilibrium constants, are considered. The results are presented in graphical form, as plots of the local mass flux at the reacting wall as functions of the dimensionless tube length.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110134
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    Chemical engineering aspects of precipitation from solutionPaper presented by A. Mersmann at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Freiburg, Spetember 30 to october 2, 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 264-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Precipitation is a rapid solidification. As a rule, it applies to substances which are sparingly soluble and is coupled with a chemical reaction or with a salting out process. The chemical engineer has to ensure that the product obtained has a constant and preferably coarse size distribution. This contribution compares the literature data on crystallization of soluble and sparingly soluble substances; it can be shown that, during precipitation processes, nuclei are formed, most probably by a primary mechanism. Analysis of the processes occurring during precipitation, such as chemical reaction, mixing and crystallization, leads to recommendations for the operation of precipitation processes.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110136
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  • 41
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    Scale-up of mechanically agitated extraction columnsPaper presented at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987 (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 259-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The deterioration of mass transfer efficiency of an extraction column with increasing column diameter is the result of developing residence time distributions. These effects can be described by one-dimensional dispersion model. However, it must be verified whether the requirements for its application are fulfilled in the different types of agitated extraction columns. For the columns for which the dispersion model can be applied, a relationship will be derived between the necessary increase of column height with column diameter. This is based on the equations for calculation of the dispersion coefficient of the continuous phase. If the dispersion model cannot be applied to given a type of column, an investigation will be made on the possible modifications of operation or changes in construction, in order to permit a scale-up procedures as proposed here.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110135
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  • 42
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    Development of design charts for fixed-bed adsorptionPaper presented by W. Otten at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Freiburg, Spetember 30 to October 2, 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model of the dynamic behaviour of non-isothermal fixed-bed adsorbers has been developed which takes into account the various mass and heat transfer resistances. Comparison of experimental and simulated results confirms that the model can predict the adsorption and desorption breakthrough curves of an adiabatically operated column, using only equilibrium data and tortuosity factors obtained from single pellet experiments. A simplified model with a reduced number of parameters was derived by investigation of the dimensionless transfer parameters under industrial conditions. It becomes evident that the main transfer mechanisms are convective heat and mass transfer in the bulk flow and diffusion within the pores of the particle. Dimensionless effluent concentration is expresses in terms of dimensionless time, a transport parameter, a non-isothermal parameter, the adsorption equilibrium and the inlet and initial concentrations and temperatures in the simplified model. For a chosen system of adsorbate and adsorbent, design charts can be developed by computer simulation, to determine graphically the breakthrough time as a function of significant process parameters, i.e. the dimensionless transfer parameter and the feed concentration.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110138
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    The significance of fly ash in wet-dry scrubbing of SO2 (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 298-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A bench scale flue gas desulphurization spray dry scrubbing unit was employed to study the effect of fly ash on the removal of SO2. The equipment consisted of a spray dryer with and ultrasonic nozzle for atomization and a pulse jet baghouse. The flue gas rate was 1500 lN/h (dry gas). Four fly ashes, originating from different countries were investigated. The alkalinity and reactivity of the fly ashes were determined in a pH-stat equipment. Pure fly ash removed SO2 in both the spray dryer and in the baghouse. An increase of humidity divided the fly ashes into two groups. The high calcium fly ash gave a considerably higher SO2 removal than the medium and low calcium fly ashes which showed similar SO2 removals. Fly ash did not enhance the removal of SO2 when added to a lime slurry because lime suppresses the dissolution of the alkali in the fly ashes. The pressure drop build-up in the fabric filter showed a strong dependence on material properties.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110139
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  • 44
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    Subcooled boiling heat transfer to R 12 in an annular vertical channel (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 320-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Detailed knowledge of the physical phenomena involved in subcooled boiling is of great importance for the design of liquid-cooled heat generating systems with high heat fluxes. Experimental heat transfer data were obtained for forced convective boiling of dichloro-difluoroethane (R 12). The flow is circulated upwards through a concentric annular vertical channel. The inner and outer diameters of the annulus are 0.016 m and 0.03 m respectively. The reduced pressures studied were 0.24 ≤ p/pcrit ≤ 0.8, inlet subcooling varied from 10 to 75 K and mass fluxes from 500 to 3000 kg/m2s, which corresponds to Re numbers from 30000 to 300000. The experiments, described in this study, demonstrate that liquid fluorocarbons show certain unusual boiling characteristics in the subcooled flow, such as hysteresis of the boiling curve. These characteristics are attributed to the properties of the fluid, mainly the Pr number and the very low surface tension. The pronounced boiling curve hysteresis can be explained by the fact that large nucleation sites may have been flooded prior to incipient boiling. A dimensionless regression formula is presented which predicts the onset of subcooled boiling as a function of reduced pressure (p/pcrit), Boiling-(Bo), Reynolds-(Re), and a modified Jacob number (Ja), over the whole range of parameters studied, with a good accuracy, including water data from literature.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110142
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    Mass transfer behaviour of gas-liquid jet loop reactorsPaper presented by M. Geisendörfer at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Horst Langemann on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 306-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A special type of jet loop reactor (JLR), designed for continuous operation and short residence times was investigated with regard to its mass transfer behaviour, described by the volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa. The jet stream and superficial gas velocities are varied in two JLRs of different sizes, equipped with different nozzles. Fully desalinated water, 0.08 molar NaCI solution and solutions of different concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are used as the liquid phase. A steady-state physical method is employed to determine kLa: air oxygen is purged from the liquid phase by gaseous nitrogen. The measurements show that the reactor is characterized by high power density and high mass transfer performance. No limit of mass transfer capacity was observed in the chosen ranges of volumetric gas and liquid flow rates, i.e. at a given jet stream velocity, the relationship between kLa and the superficial gas velocity is nearly linear. The investigations show that the mass transfer contributed by the jet stream largely depends on liquid phase composition.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110140
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    Characteristics of solid suspensions in a bubble column without and with draft tubePaper presented by J. Heck at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrensingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In order to investigate the suspension behaviour of solid particles in bubble columns without and with draft tube, minimum gas velocities for generating and maintaining complete solid suspension were determined. Experiments were carried out in a bubble column with a diameter of 200 mm and a height of 2 500 mm. The bubble column could be equipped with a draft tube with a diameter of 120 mm and a length of 1 500 mm. The state of suspension was determined by measuring the hydrostatic pressure as a result of suspended solid particles with an inductive pressure gauge. Solid content εs, solid density ϱs, particle size dp, particle shape, particle size distribution, and solid wettability were varied. Furthermore measurements of integral gas holdup were carried out.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110144
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  • 47
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    Modelling of multiphase detonations with drop disintegration - description of thermal detonations (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 327-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model is presented which consists of steady-state and transient codes for the description of reacting multiphase flow fields, including hydrodynamic fragmentation of liquid drops in relative flows. An application of this model for the description of large scale melt-coolant interactions (thermal detonations) is described. A simulation of two-phase chemical detonations, especially those with hydrodynamic disintegration of liquid fuel drops in the reaction zone, is possible, in principle, within the framework of the modeling.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110143
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    Modelling of a pressure swing adsorption process for oxygen enrichment with carbon molecular sievePaper presented by E. Richter at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens Ingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 341-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Adsorptive separation of oxygen from nitrogen and argon is carried out during the desorption steps of a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process which uses carbon molecular sieves developed by Bergbau-Forschung GmbH. The adsorption isotherms of the three main components of air are very similar. On account of the pore size distribution of CMSN2, the diffusion coefficient of oxygen is more than eight times those of nitrogen and argon so that air separation occurs by adsorption kinetics. Experimental results for the individual steps and cyclic operation of the PSA process are presented and compared with the predictions of an isothermal plug-flow model. Adsorption rate is represented by a linear driving force equation. If the diffusion coefficients are adapted separately to every step, a good agreement is observed between the model calculations and experimental results.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110145
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  • 49
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    The importance of corrosion prevention for the safety of chemical plants (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 359-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the most important tasks to eliminate dangers in chemical plants is the prevention of corrosion. This implies the provision of safe enclosures and reaction spaces for the substances to be processed. The present contribution deals with the procedure in the selection of materials for equipment exposed to corrosion and stresses the difficulties connected with the elimination of local corrosion. The relevance of prevention of crack forming corrosion processes is emphasized. Problems to be solved in order to obtain results from investigations, suitable for a safe application of a materials under practical conditions, are indicated.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110147
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    Modelling of activated carbon desorption by a circulated inert gasPaper presented at the “Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure”, Freiburg, September 30 to October 2, 1987 (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 352-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption solvent recovery process, known as Recursorb which involves desorption and cooling steps by a circulated inert gas, is analyzed in detail on the basis of equilibrium theory. Employing the method of characteristics, the model is solved for each step of the overall process. The estimations confirm that the process performance with respect to final gas purity, activated carbon useful capacity and operation times depends on condenser and heater temperatures. Simple expressions are derived for the calculation of adsorption, desorption and cooling times.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110146
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    Decoking of fixed-bed catalytic reactorsDedicated to Prof. Dr. Hanns Hofmann at the ocassion of his 65th birthday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 367-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model for the description of the non-steady state process of decoking of a fixed bed catalytic reactor is presented. The relevant dimensionless groups are identified and their influence on the process discussed. Appropriate relationships are given for the estimation of the maximum temperature in the bed. Methods of monitoring the process and of controlling it in the case of unknown or variable coke contents are explained.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110148
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    Model discrimination and parameter estimation in the kinetic study of methanol synthesisDedicated to Professor Dr. Hanns Hofmann on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 375-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The new model discrimination method is based on the correlation coefficient test of experimental data sets for different reactions, without requiring a prior parameter estimation. The new parameter estimation method reduces by n the number of dimensions to be tested, compared to the classical method where n is the number of independent reactions in the system. This has reduced the computation time for most complex reactions to a level, comparable to that needed for single reactions. The example used is the kinetic study of methanol synthesis in which the formation rates of methanol, methane, ethanol and ethane are considered. Two adequately accurate models were obtained from an extensive range of plausible models by using the new model discrimination and parameter estimation method with a relatively small computation effort.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110149
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    Evaporation and pervaporation of a binary mixture from an inert carrier liquidDedicated to Professor Hanns Hofmann on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 384-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bench-Scale experiments were carried out with the ternary mixture 2-propanol/water/glycerol. In a cylindrical vessel, the stirred and thermostated liquid was exposed to a preheated and either dry or humidified air stream. The mixture was evaporated either from a free surface or from the surface of a porous plate. On evaporating the mixture from a porous plate into a dry air stream, the less volatile component water escapes preferentially; in the case of evaporation from a free surface, water is retained in the mixture. In the former case, selectivity is liquid diffusion controlled, in the latter, the gas-side mass transfer and the thermodynamic equilibrium are the controlling mechanisms. On reducing the gas flow rate, the more volatile alcohol evaporates preferentially in both cases; the selectivity is controlled only by thermodynamic equilibrium. Humidification of the air stream with water vapour causes preferential evaporation of the alcohol at an increased rate. Furthermore, instabilities in the liquid boundary layer due to density gradients and surface tension effects may affect the selectivity of evaporation. Experimental results show that the selectivity of evaporation can be manipulated by choosing appropriate evaporation conditions. The theory, which applies the generalized Stefan-Maxwell equations to diffusion in the liquid, can describe these effects.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110150
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    Remarks upon the modelling of heterogeneous catalytic reactors - the single fluid-solid casesDedicated to Professor Hanns Hofmann on the occasion of his 65the birthday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To our benefit, the modelling of fluid-solid catalyzed reaction-reactor systems has long been the keen concern of Hanns Paul Hofmann. In the light of his instruction we remark upon key aspects of modelling for the (a) fixed bed (b) fluid bed and (c) moving bed/transport line reactors. There emerges from such analyses a properly renewed awareness of the need for a more sophisticated respect for reliable physical-chemical data. As Hanns has taught us, our models are no btter than our data.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110154
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    Two-phase flow in porous mediaThe Orginal, shorter form of this paper was presented by the author, as an invited speaker, at the Second Conferance of “Chemical Reaction Engineering” of the Engineering Foundation, March 8 to 13, 1987, Santa Barbara, California.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Hanns Hofmann on the ocassion of his 65th bithday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 407-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two-phase flow in porous media depends on many factors, such as displacement vs steady two-phase flow, saturation, wettability conditions, wetting fluid vs non-wetting fluid is displacing, the capillary number, interfacial tension, viscosity ratio, pressure gradient, uniformly wetted vs mixed-wet pore surface, uniform vs distributed pore throats, small vs large pores, well-connected pores vs pores connected by small throats, etc. These parameters determine how the two fluids are distributed in the pores, e.g. whether they flow in seperate channels or side-by-side in the same channels, either with both fluids being continous or only one fluid being continous and the other discontinuous. In displacement, the capillary number and the viscosity ratio determine whether the displacement front is sharp, or if there is either capillary or viscous fingering.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110153
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    Less known behaviour of gas-solid reactions: The expanding core model in catalytic and non-catalytic systemsDedicated to Profeesor Dr. Hanns Hofmann on the Occasion of his 65th birthday (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 438-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas-solid reactions cover a wide spectrum of industrial products. Over the years, many conceptual models have been developed to describe the progress of a gas-solid reaction starting outside the solid particle as well as that occurring throughout the particle. But the behaviour of a reaction, initiated inside the pellet, is less known. In this paper, a brief outline is given of this relatively rare but important mode of gas-solid reaction. The causes of this relatively less known behaviour and characteristic features of five typical systems displaying it are discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270110156
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    Experimentelle Spannungsanalyse temperaturbelasteter Bauteile durch Dehnungsmessungen (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dehnungsmessungen bei höheren Temperaturen - die Voraussetzung für die experimentelle Spannungsanalyse temperaturbelasteter Bauteile - sind nur schwierig auszuführen. Im Rahmen einer Laboruntersuchung wurde durch aufwendige Meßschaltungen und eine umfangreiche Datenauswertung versucht, die in einem durch Infrarot-Bestrahlung aufgeheizten Bauteil infolge ungleichmäßiger Erwärmung oder Behinderung der freien Ausdehnung auftretenden Wärmespannungen mit Hilfe von Hochtemperatur-Dehnungsmeßstreifen möglichst genau zu messen. Die Kompensation der mannigfaltigen Temperatureinflüsse auf die Meßergebnisse wird ausführlich beschrieben. An einem Beispiel wird die gute Übereinstimmung zwischen der experimentellen und theoretischen Spannungsermittlung aufgezeigt.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440302
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    INTERKAMA 1971. Neuere Entwicklung der Meß- und Regelgeräte für den chemischen Betrieb (Teil 1) (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 121-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die 5. INTERKAMA, Internationaler Kongreß mit Ausstellung für Meßtechnik und Automation, fand vom 14. bis 20. November wieder in Düsseldorf statt. Sie bot einen umfassenden Überblick über den derzeitigen Stand der Meß-, Regel- und Automatisierungstechnik. Der Messebericht, der wegen der großen Zahl der Neuentwicklungen keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit erhebt, wurde wegen seines großen Umfanges aufgeteilt. In diesem Heft werden Neuentwicklungen auf folgenden Gebieten behandelt: Geräte und Systeme zur Signalfernübertragung; Geräte und Systeme zur Meßwert- und Signalausgabe; Geräte zum Steuern, Regeln, Melden; Stellgeräte und Antriebe und Meßgeräte und Meßeinrichtungen. Der zweite Teil des Messeberichtes erscheint in Heft 7 dieser Zeitschrift.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440306
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    Festigkeit im Apparate- und Anlagenbau. Von E. Klapp. Werner-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1970. 1. Aufl., X, 373 S., 265 Abb., 14 Tab., 4 Diagramme, Balacron DM 98,-. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 139-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440310
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    Masthead (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440401
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    Festelektrolytzellen auf ZrO2-Basis und deren AnwendungenVortrag auf der Tagung der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Angewandte Elektrochemie“, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1971 in Jülich. Über die Anwendung des Festelektrolyten bei Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellen wurde bereits in dieser Zeitschr. berichtet [12], der zweite Teil der Arbeit erscheint demnächst. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 152-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es werden die Grenzen der reinen Ionenleitung von dotiertem Zirkondioxid angegeben. Hierbei wird die Partialdruck- und Temperaturabhängigkeit des Elektrolyten betrachtet. Einige Anwendungen, bei denen die thermodynamische oder kinetische Funktion des Elektrolyten genutzt wird, werden besprochen. Hierzu zählt eine einfache Meßzelle zur Bestimmung von Sauerstoff-Drücken. Nach dem gleichen Prinzip können auch der Sauerstoff-Gehalt bzw. der Gehalt an organischen Verunreinigungen in Wasser bestimmt werden. Als kinetische Anwendung wird die Sauerstoff-Pumpe beschrieben. Eine wichtige Anwendung des Festelektrolyten bildet die Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440404
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    Elektrochemische Synthese von Übergangsmetall-Komplexen mit CyclooctatetraenVortrag vor der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Angewandte Elektrochemie“, 13. bis 15. Oktober in Jülich. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 170-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur elektrochemischen Synthese übergangsmetallorganischer Komplexverbindungen mit Cyclooctatetraen werden Mischungen löslicher Metall-Verbindungen mit dem Cycloolefin in organischen, meist aprotischen Lösungsmitteln bei Gegenwart eines Leitsalzes reduziert. Abhängig von der Art des mit der Reduktion gekoppelten Anodenprozesses erhält man auf elektrochemischem Weg eine Synthese aus dem kompakten Metall der Anode und dem Cycloolefin. Dies konnte bei den Cyclooctatetraen-Komplexen des Eisens und Nickels realisiert werden. In anderen Fällen kann man entweder in einer Diaphragmazelle oder mit leicht oxidierbaren Anoden, z. B. aus Aluminium, arbeiten. Diese Verfahrensweise empfiehlt sich bei der Synthese von Cyclooctatetraen-Komplexen des Titans, des Zirkoniums und auch des Nickels oder des Kobalts.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440409
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    The Elucidation and Study of the Mechanism of Chemical Surface Reactions Using Linear Potential Sweep VoltammetryLecture presented at the meeting of the GDCh-Working Group „Applied Electrochemistry“ at Jülich (Germany), October 13-15, 1971. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 183-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical study of adsorption peaks in linear potential sweep voltammetry is presented for a reversible electrochemical reaction 0 + ne ⇄ R, followed by one of the chemical reactions 2R → Z (I); 0 + R → Z (II); R → Z (III). Criteria are given which allow a distinction to be made among diverse dimerization mechanisms. The rate constant of the chemical reaction can be determined on the basis of the theory.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440413
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    Reaktionstypen der organischen ElektrochemieKurzfassung eines Vortrages vor der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Angewandte Elektrochemie“, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1971 in Jülich. Eine ausführliche Arbeit über dieses Thema wird im J. electroanalyt. Chem., Interfacial Electrochem. veröffentlicht. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 199-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die oftmals als unübersichtlich empfundene Vielfalt der Reaktionsmöglichkeiten der organischen Elektrochemie beruht z. T. auf der vielfach üblichen Einteilung nach den Mechanismen der einzelnen Verbindungsklassen; tatsächlich kann die gleiche Verbindung unter veränderten Umständen vollkommen unterschiedliche Reaktionswege einschlagen, während Verbindungen aus vollkommen verschiedenen Substanzklassen völlig analoge Mechanismen aufweisen können. Es wird der Versuch einer Klassifizierung unternommen gemäß den verschiedenen Reaktionstypen, die insbesondere dem Organiker geläufig sind, unter Hervorhebung der besonderen Gesichtspunkte bei elektrochemischem Reaktionsablauf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440418
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  • 65
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    Chinone als Redoxsysteme für Sauerstoff-Kathoden oder Sekundärzellen-KathodenVortrag vor der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Angewandte Elektrochemie“, 13. bis 15. Oktober in Jülich. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die wasser- und säureunlöslichen Chinone Chloranil und Durochinon lassen sich in fester Form im Gemisch mit leitfähiger Kohle in Schüttelelektroden und auch in Elektroden mit Goldgerüst elektrochemisch mit geringer Polarisation vollständig reduzieren und auch wieder oxidieren. Die Entladecharakteristiken solcher Elektroden sind sowohl in Schwefelsäure als auch in Ammoniumchlorid-Lösung sehr hart, so daß diese Chinone als aktive Masse in Batterie-Kathoden in Betracht kommen. Mit PTFE hydrophobierte Elektroden können mit Luft wieder aufgeladen werden. Auch in Elektrolyt-Lösungen mit aprotischem organischen Solvens sind diese Chinone beständig und wieder aufladbar. Mit Lithium als Anodenmaterial wird in Propylencarbonat/Lithiumperchlorat eine Ruhespannung von 3,3 V gemessen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440417
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    Elektrochemische Phänomene an biologischen und künstlichen MembranenVortrag auf der Tagung der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Angewandte Elektrochemie“, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1971 in Jülich. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 228-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird ein Überblick über die bioelektrochemischen Eigenschaften von Ionenmembranen gegeben. Dabei wird vor allem gezeigt, wie durch Kopplungsvorgänge Membranphänomene zustandekommen, die an lebenden Organismen außer Stofftrennungen und Energieumwandlungen auch kompliziert verlaufende Informationsprozesse übernehmen. Diese Membranen besitzen nichtmonotone Strom/Spannungs-Kurven und verhalten sich infolgedessen bistabil. Auch nichtbiologische Membransysteme, wie Porzellan-, Glassinter-, bimolekulare Lipid- und Kunststoff-Membranen, können die gleichen elektrochemischen Eigenschaften der biologischen Membranen besitzen. Es tritt dann die gesamte elektrophysiologische Phänomenologie der erregbaren Nerven auf. Somit geben die Modellvorstellungen für biologische Membranen Anregungen für das Verständnis und die Entwicklung nichtbiologischer technisch ausnutzbarer Membransysteme.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440427
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    Tendenzen im Stromverbrauch der Chemischen Industrie in der Bundesrepublik DeutschlandVortrag auf der Tagung der GDCh-Fachgruppe „Angewandte Elektrochemie“, 13. bis 15. Oktober 1971 in Jülich. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 238-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die große Bedeutung der Chemischen Industrie als industrieller Stromverbraucher ließ es interessant erscheinen, die Einflußgrößen auf die gegenläufige Entwicklung von Produktion und spezifischem Stromverbrauch, gekennzeichnet durch hohe Wachstumsraten im Bereich der Produktion und unterproportional steigenden Stromverbrauch, zu untersuchen. Auf der Grundlage einer detaillierten technischwirtschaftlichen Analyse der Entwicklung des zur Herstellung von Chlor, Calciumcarbid, Phosphor, Synthese-Ammoniak, Acetylen und Olefinen im Zeitraum 1954 bis 1969 benötigten Stromverbrauchs wurde die Entwicklung des produktbezogenen Stromverbrauchs für die 70er Jahre prognostiziert. Auf diese Ergebnisse auf bauend wurde mittels zweier sich in ihren Verursachungsfaktoren unterscheidender Prognose-Modelle der zukünftige Gesamt-Stromverbrauch der Chemischen Industrie in der BRD abgeschätzt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440429
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    Die Genauigkeit der Dühringschen Geraden für wäßrige SalzlösungenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 21. bis 23. September 1971 in Nürnberg. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 261-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Genauigkeit der Dühringschen Regel für die Bestimmung von Siedetemperaturen von wäßrigen Salzlösungen wurde durch umfangreiche Messungen an den Systemen H2O/CaCl2, H2O/MgCl2, H2O/KOH und H2O/NaOH in einem weiten Zustandsbereich überprüft. Die Regel ist auch bei hohen Drücken, Temperaturen nnd Konzentrationen sehr genau. Bei etwas geringeren Ansprüchen an die Genauigkeit ist auch die von Carr und Murphy angegebene Erweiterung bzw. Vereinfachung der Regel gut brauchbar.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440504
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    Zum Wärmeübergang an Kältemittel bei hohen DrückenGekürzte Fassung des Vortrages auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 21. bis 23. September 1971 in Nürnberg. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 286-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Untersuchungen zum Wärmeübergang an Kältemittel sind in großer Zahl durchgeführt worden; sie beschränken sich jedoch meist auf den für die Kältetechnik wichtigen Druckbereich. Lediglich Danilowa und Gorenflo haben die Druckabhängigkeit des Wärmeübergangs an Kältemittel bis zum reduzierten Druck von etwa 0,5 ermittelt. Es lag daher nahe, Wärmeübergangsmessungen bis in die Nähe des kritischen Druckes - wenn möglich auch darüber hinaus - auszudehnen.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440509
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    Theoretische Untersuchung über die Umströmung und den Stoffübergang an KugelnVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 21. bis 23. September 1972 in Nürnberg. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 306-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Der Stoffübergang an einer umströmten Kugel wurde theoretisch untersucht. Die Differentialgleichungen, die das Geschwindigkeitsfeld in der Umgebung der Kugeln beschreiben, berücksichtigen die vollständigen Trägheitsglieder. Aus diesem Grunde gelten die Rechnungen über den von Stokes behandelten Bereich hinaus, in dem man von einer schleichenden Umströmung spricht. Außerhalb des Stokesschen Bereiches zeigen die Rechnungen, wie sich auf der Rückseite der Kugel das bekannte Rückströmungsgebiet mit dem stationären Ringwirbel aufbaut. Dieser Wirbel trägt dazu bei, daß sich nicht nur auf der Vorderseite sondern auch auf der Rückseite der Kugel ein grenzschichtähnlicher Zustand für das Konzentrationsfeld entwickelt. Hierüber geben sowohl die berechneten Linien konstanter Konzentration als auch die örtlichen und die mittleren Sherwood-Zahlen Aufschluß. Die numerisch berechneten Werte für die mittlere Sherwood-Zahl werden durch eine empirische Gleichung gut wiedergegeben. Sie wird sowohl mit bereits bekannten Gleichungen als auch mit Meßwerten verglichen. Sie gibt die Meßwerte für den Stoffaustausch bei erzwungener Strömung gut wieder.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440513
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    Aufarbeitung von organisch verunreinigten Abwässern durch VerbrennungsprozesseVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 21. bis 23. September 1971 in Nürnberg. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 325-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Im Hinblick auf die Temperaturführung ist es bei der thermischen Aufarbeitung von Rückstandswässern vorteilhaft, Wasserverdampfung und Oxidation der organischen Komponenten gleichzeitig mit der Verbrennung des Zusatzbrennstoffes ablaufen zu lassen. Es wird über die Entwicklung eines dazu geeigneten Verbrennungssystems, bestehend aus Erdgas-Brenner und Abwasser-Zerstäubungsdüse, berichtet, das unter Verwendung von Heizöl/Wasser-Emulsionen als „Abwasser“ erprobt wurde. Anhand von Ausbrand- und Temperaturmessungen sowie Stabilitätstests bei erhöhter Wasserbeladung konnten die räumlichen Reaktionsverteilungen in der Brennkammer für verschiedene Betriebsfälle ermittelt, die Betriebsgrenzen vollständigen Ausbrandes aufgezeigt und die Funktionssicherheit des Verbrennungssystems nachgewiesen werden. Bei Einfahren eines salpetersäure-haltigen Abwassers wurden die NOx-Emissionen durch reduzierende Verbrennungseinstellung stark gesenkt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440516
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    Combustion-Driven Oscillations in Industry. Von A. A. Putnam. Aus der Reihe: Fuel and Energy Science Series. Elsevier Publishing Comp. Inc., New York-London-Amsterdam 1971. 1. Aufl., XIV, 208 S., zahlr. Abb., geb. $ 21.25. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 356-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440521
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    Rechenprogramm zur Auslegung biologischer Abwasseranlagen unter wirtschaftlichen GesichtspunktenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 21. bis 23. September 1971 in Nürnberg. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 348-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Unter Voraussetzung vorhandener Meß- und Erfahrungswerte zur Auslegung biologischer Abwasseranlagen kann mit Hilfe eines Rechenprogrammes eine gesamte Anlage nach dem Belebtschlamm- Verfahren ausgelegt werden. Die Verknüpfung grundlegender Beziehungen für die biologischen, hydraulischen und physikalisch-chemischen Vorgänge gestattet die Bildung von Bilanzen um die einzelnen Verfahrensschritte. Individuelle Kostenkurven, z. B. für die Gestaltung der Becken, dienen als Grundlage für eine wirtschaftliche Auslegung. Ziel der Berechnungen ist die Ermittlung der Schlammkonzentration im Belebungsbecken, für welche die Gesamtkosten für Belebung und Nachklärung ein Minimum aufweisen. Unter Berücksichtigung der Energiekosten für den Sauerstoff-Eintrag in der Belebung werden Belüfterzahl und -anordnung sowie die Beckengeometrie für die Belebung optimal ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440520
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    Zur Theorie der Pulverförderung gegen Druck in ExtrudernVorgetragen von E. Goldacker auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 21. bis 23. September 1971 in Nürnberg. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wurde das Verhalten von Kunststoffpulvern sowie von körnigen anorganischen Substanzen (Glasperlen, Glasbruch) nach Überschreiten der Scherfestigkeit des Haufwerks in Abhängigkeit von einigen wichtigen Parametern (Gleitgeschwindigkeit, Belastung, Temperatur, Korngrößenverteilung und Kornform) untersucht. Hierauf aufbauend geland es, das Betriebsverhalten der Einzugszone eines Extruders für die Pulverförderung vorauszuberechnen - insbesondere bei Verwendung von axial genuteten Zylindern - und den Zusammenhang zwischen Nutenzahl, Durchsatz und Schneckenlänge darzustellen. Die theoretisch gefundenen Ergebnisse konnten experimentell bestätigt werden.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440613
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    Zum Stoff- und Wärmeübergang auf Siebböden zur Herstellung von SalpetersäureVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 21. bis 23. September 1971 in Nürnberg. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 420-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird über halbtechnische Versuche an einer Siebbodenkolonne berichtet, in denen der Stoffaustausch bei unterschiedlichen, das thermodynamische Gleichgewicht bestimmenden Parametern gemessen wurde. Die Versuchsergebnisse gestatten, den Bodenwirkungsgrad in Abhängigkeit von der Säurekonzentration und vom NO2-Partialdruck darzustellen. Die bei der Salpetersäure-Bildung freiwerdende Wärme wird üblicherweise an Kühlschlangen abgeführt, die in der Säuresprudelschicht auf den Böden angeordnet sind. Es wird über gleichzeitige Wärmeübergangsmessungen berichtet, die es gestatten, die Wärmeübergangszahl von der Sprudelschicht an die Rohrwand in Abhängigkeit von der Säurekonzentration darzustellen. Die Versuchsergebnisse sind Bestandteil eines Computerprogrammes zur kompletten Auslegung von Bodenkolonnen zur Nitrose-Absorption.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440617
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    Reaktor für FlüssigmetalleVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 21. bis 23. September 1971 in Nürnberg. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 379-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mit Hilfe eines elektrischen Drehfeldes, unter dessen Einfluß die Oberfläche des flüssigen Metalls die Form eines Rotationsparaboloids annimmt, und die Phasengrenzfläche vergrößert wird, wird ein Reaktor entwickelt, dessen Aufbau und Anwendung bei einer Reaktion dargestellt werden. Die Leistungsaufnahme des Reaktors ist u. a. von der Füllmenge abhängig, so daß diese zur Regelung der Dosierung herangezogen werden kann. Die guten Transporteigenschaften des Flüssigmetalls sind bei der Abführung von Reaktionswärme nützlich, für die sich außer Luftkühlung und Wasserkühlung in üblicher Form die Wärmeabführung durch die vom Kühlwasser durchflossenen Leiter des elektrischen Drehfelds anbieten. Das Aufschmelzen der Metalle bei Inbetriebnahme des Reaktors läßt sich durch Wirbelstromerhitzung mit Hilfe des Drehfelds erreichen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440606
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    Zweidimensionales Zweiphasenmodell für heterogene FestbettreaktorenVorgetragen von W. Richarz auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 21. bis 23. September 1971 in Nürnberg. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 388-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird eine neue Methode beschrieben zur Kombination der in einem Differentialreaktor ermittelten Kornmikrokinetik einer katalytischen Reaktion mit einem zweidimensionalen Modell eines Festbettreaktors im stationären Zustand. Dabei werden bei jedem Integrationsschritt der Partialdruckabfall der reagierenden Komponente und der Temperaturanstieg (bei einer exothermen Reaktion) in der das Korn umgebenden Grenzschicht bestimmt und anschließend durch ein iteratives Vorgehen die Partialdruck- und Temperaturprofile im Katalysatorkorn selbst berechnet. Die so berechneten Daten stimmen wesentlich besser mit den im Integralreaktor gemessenen Längsprofilen überein als die mit einem quasihomogenen zweidimensionalen Modell ermittelten Werte.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440609
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    Versuche über das Berstverhalten von Behältern aus Kesselblech und aus TT-StahlÜberarbeitete Fassung eines Vortrages von C.-M. v. Meysenbug auf der Dechema-Jahrestagung am 25. Juni 1971 in Frankfurt/M. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Untersuchungen über das Zähigkeitsverhalten von Bauteilen erlauben aufgrund der gemessenen Verformungen von Modellbehältern unter Innendruckbeanspruchung einen Vergleich der Temperaturabhängigkeit für normales Kesselblech und für Tieftemperaturstahl bisher im Bereich zwischen + 20 und - 80°C. Als Vergleichskriterien werden herangezogen der Dehnungs- bzw Spannungsverlauf über einen mit eingeschweißten Stutzen versehenen Klöpperboden und die Gesamtverformung des Klöpperbodens bei verschiedenen Versuchstemperaturen, der temperaturabhängige Verlauf der Bruchgrenze und einer Verformungsgrenze für den Innendruck sowie die Bruchausbildung und der Rißverlauf. Für die gegebenen Versuchsbedingungen erscheint die Abschätzung einer Grenztemperatur für die vollständige Verformung sowie eine Beurteilung des Verhaltens im teilplastischen Bereich der Verformung möglich.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440703
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    Versammlungsberichte (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440709
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    Die Abscheidung von Feststoffteilchen und Tropfen an Kreiszylindern infolge von TrägheitskräftenVortrag auf dem Jahrestreffen der Verfahrens-Ingenieure, 21. bis 23. September 1971 in Nürnberg. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 510-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Abscheidung von Teilchen oder Tropfen ist die Folge von Transport- und Haftvorgängen. Für die Berechnung des Abscheidegrades ist daher das Produkt von Auftreffgrad mal Haftwahrscheinlichkeit zu bilden. Es werden Berechnungen des Auftreffgrades mitgeteilt, bei denen für den Bereich hoher Reynolds-Zahlen die Strömungsgrenzschicht an der Zylinderoberfläche berücksichtigt wurde. Die Grenzschichtberücksichtigung führt zu merklich geringeren Auftreffgraden im Vergleich zur reinen Potentialströmung ohne Grenzschicht. Weiterhin zeigte sich, daß der Auftreffgrad nicht nur eine Funktion des Trägheitsparameters, sondern auch der Reynolds-Zahl Ref und des Dichteverhältnisses ϱ/ϱp ist. Es wird eine Näherungsgleichung angegeben, welche die numerischen Ergebnisse im Bereich 50 〈 Ref 〈 500 und 1 ≤ ϱp ≤ 5 g/cm3 mit einer Genauigkeit von ± 0,01 approximiert. Aus einer vereinfachenden Energiebilanz folgt, daß die Haftwahrscheinlichkeit mit zunehmender Teilchengröße abnimmt. Die quantitative Bestimmung der Haftwahrscheinlichkeit realer Stäube muß empirisch erfolgen. Es wird ein erstes Zwischenergebnis mitgeteilt, das mit Hilfe der Hochfrequenzkinematographie gewonnen wurde.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440804
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  • 81
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    Bersten einer Destillierblase beim Rektifizieren von Benzylalkohol (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 462-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440705
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  • 82
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    Komplexe Reaktionen 1. Ordnung in Strömungsrohr-Reaktoren mit axialer Durchmischung (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 463-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440706
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    Programmieren mit ALGOL. Eine Einführung. Von D. W. Grosse. Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim/Bergstr. 1971. 1. Aufl., 237 S., 23 Abb., 7 Tab., brosch. DM 26, -. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 492-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440711
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    Die Ähnlichkeitstheorie in der physikalisch-technischen Forschung. Von J. Pawlowski. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1971. 1. Aufl., VIII, 172 S., 45 Abb., geb. DM 49, -. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 600-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440826
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem integralen Joule-Thomson-Effekt von Gasgemischen und der Mischungswärme und ihre theoretische BestimmungAuszug aus der 1970 von der Fakultät für Chemieingenieurwesen der Universität Karlsruhe genehmigten Dissertation des Verfassers. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 601-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird ein allgemeingültiger einfacher Zusammenhang zwischen der Mischungswärme und den integralen Joule-Thomson-Effekten eines Gasgemisches und der reinen Komponenten angegeben. Für binäre Gasgemische werden auf einfache Weise die Mischungswärmen und mit Hilfe dieses Zusammenhanges die Joule-Thomson-Effekte theoretisch bestimmt. Der Vergleich mit experimentellen Werten ergibt eine befriedigende Übereinstimmung.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440902
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Versammlungsberichte (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 627-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440908
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    The Chemical Technology of Wood. Von H. F. J. Wenzl. Translated from the German by F. E. Brauns u. D. A. Brauns. Academic Press Inc., New York-London 1971. 1. Aufl., XVI, 692 S., zahlr. Abb., geb. $ 35.00. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 637-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440910
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Plastics Fabrication and Electrotechnology. Von J. E. Harry. Verlag Heyden & Son Ltd., London-New York-Rheine 1971. 141 S., zahlr. Abb., geb. DM 32,-. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 639-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440916
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  • 89
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    Gesetze für Strömung und Stoffübergang bei einseitiger Diffusion (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 641-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440920
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  • 90
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    Advances in Biochemical Engineering. Vol. 1. Herausgeg. von T. K. Ghose und A. Fiechter. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York 1971. 1. Aufl., VII, 194 S., 70 Abb., geb. DM 48,-. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 640-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440918
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  • 91
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    Die Schadstoff-Emission des Ottomotors, ihre Messung und die Möglichkeit zu ihrer VerminderungÜberarbeitete und auf den neuesten Stand gebrachte Fassung des Vortrages „Probleme der Emissionsmessung am Beispiel des Verbrennungsmotors“ auf der Dechema-Jahrestagung, 24. und 25. Juni 1971 in Frankfurt/M. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 645-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur Herabsetzung der CO-, Kohlenwasserstoff- und Stickoxid-Emission von Verbrennungsmotoren gibt es zwei Wege, einmal die Beseitigung der Entstehungsursache für die Schadstoffe, wie z. B. durch Konstruktionsverbesserungen auf der Motoreingangsseite sowie optimale Einstellungen von Vergaser und Zündanlage, und zum anderen die Vernichtung der entstandenen Schadstoffe durch thermische oder katalytische Nachverbrennung. Es werden Testmethoden beschrieben, die mit Hilfe automatischer Gasanalysatoren die Kontrolle der Abgas-Zusammensetzung auf Einhaltung der gesetzlichen Grenzwerte ermöglichen. Durch Datenverarbeitung mit elektronischen Rechnern wird die Versuchsauswertung so beschleunigt, daß der Abgas-Test auch für die Fertigungskontrolle anwendbar ist.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330441002
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  • 92
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    Adsorption in Wasser gelöster Substanzen an Adsorptionskoksen. Teil III: Kinetische Messungen im Integralreaktor bei konstanter EingangskonzentrationTeil I über kinetische Messungen im Schüttelreaktor bei abnehmender Konzentration, vgl. M. J. Schwuger, H. Jüntgen u. W. Peters, diese Ztschr. 40, 903 [1968]; Teil II über kinetische Messungen im Differentialreaktor bei konstanter Außenkonzentration, vgl. K. Knoblauch, H. Jüntgen u. W. Peters, diese Ztschr. 41, 798 [1969]. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 663-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Im Festbett wird an sieben Aktivkoksen definierter Porenstruktur der zeitliche Verlauf der Adsorption von organischen Modellsubstanzen (Pyridin, p-Nitrophenol) und deren Mischung aus Wasser untersucht. Variiert werden die Parameter Schichthöhe, Strömungsgeschwindigkeit, Korngröße und mittlerer Adsorptionsporen-Durchmesser. Die Meßergebnisse werden nach einem Diffusionsmodell mit der Porendiffusion als geschwindigkeitsbestimmendem Schritt der Sorptionskinetik beschrieben. Die Auswertung der Durchbruchskurven mit dem Diffusionsmodell wird auf Messungen an Fluß- und Abwasser übertragen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330441006
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Waste Water Cleanup Equipment. Pollution Control Handbook No. 2. Von C. Pazar. Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge/N.J. (USA) 1971. IX, 551 S., zah1r.Abb.u. Tab., $ 35. -. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 696-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330441013
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  • 94
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    Treatise on Analytical Chemistry. Herausgeg. v. I. M. Kolthoff, Ph. J. Elving u. F. H. Stross. Part III: Analytical Chemistry in Industry, Vol. 2, Section B, Industrial Toxicology and Environmental Pollution and its Control. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York-London-Sydney-Toronto 1971. XXIV, 595 S., zahlr. Abb. u. Tab., £ 12.00. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 638-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440913
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  • 95
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    Abrasives. Von L. Coes, Jr. Vol. 1 d. Reihe: Applied Mineralogy. Herausgeg. v. H. A. Van Derck Fréchette, H. Kirsch, L. B. Sand u. F. Trojer. Springer-Verlag, Wien-New York 1971, 1. Aufl., VIII, 177 S., 51 Abb., 52 Tab., Ln. DM 51,-. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 639-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330440917
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  • 96
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    Masthead (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330441001
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  • 97
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    Entfernung biologisch schwer abbaubarer Substanzen aus dem AbwasserÜberarbeitete Fassung eines Vortrages bei der Dechema-Jahrestagung, 25. und 26. Juni 1971 in Frankfurt/M. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 659-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die biologische Reinigung allein ist für viele industrielle Abwässer, deren Inhaltsstoffe resistent gegen die heute bekannten Bakterienstämme sind, wirkungslos. Zum Abbau bzw. zur Entfernung dieser Substanzen mußten daher andere Verfahren entwickelt werden, die auf rein chemischen oder physikalischen Vorgängen beruhen, wie z. B. Aktivkohle-Adsorption, Ionenaustausch, umgekehrte Osmose, anodische oder katalytische Oxidation, Verbrennung, Flockung oder Flotation. Dieser Bericht gibt einen kurzen Überblick über den derzeitigen Entwicklungsstand dieser Verfahren und die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330441005
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  • 98
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    Aussagefähigkeit von Warmrißprüfverfahren für die Warmriß-Sicherheit von geschweißten BauteilenVortrag auf dem gemeinsamen Symposium der DECHEMA und des Deutschen Verbandes für Schweißtechnik „Die Schweißnaht als Konstruktionselement im chemischen Apparatebau“, 2. und 3. Dezember 1971 in Frankfurt/M. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 777-783 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Wie sich aus den Theorien zur Warmriß-Bildung ableiten läßt, beeinflussen mechanische und metallurgische Faktoren die Entstehung von Warmrissen beim Schweißen. Diese und andere Einflußgrößen führten zur Aufstellung folgender Forderungen zur Auswahl aussagefähiger Prüfverfahren: (1.) Die Versuchsparameter müssen unabhängig voneinander beeinflußbar sein; (2.) objektive, reproduzierbare und quantitative Meßwerte sollen sich ergeben; (3.) Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Änderung der Versuchsparameter; (4.) anwendbar für alle Schweißverfahren; (5.) geringe Kosten; (6.) Übertragbarkeit der Versuchsergebnisse auf Bauteile. Eine Überprüfung gebrächlicher Probenformen zeigt, daß diese den aufgestellten Anforderungen oft nur unzureichend standhalten. Das gilt besonders für die Übertragbarkeit der Versuchsergebnisse auf Bauteile. Es werden daher Überlegungen und Vorschläge angegeben, wie man Warmriß-Probenformen ändern bzw. einsetzen sollte, um dem Problem der sicheren Beurteilung von Bauteilen näherzukommen.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330441208
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  • 99
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    Das Problem der Wechseldehnungs-Versprödung bei rissigen BauteilenVortrag auf dem gemeinsamen Symposium der DECHEMA und des Deutschen Verbandes für Schweißtechnik „Die Schweißnaht als Konstruktionselement im chemischen Apparatebau“, 2. und 3. Dezember 1971 in Frankfurt/M. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 797-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wurde vor allem untersucht, inwieweit die Bruchzähigkeitsprüfung nach dem genormten derzeitigen Stand die unterschiedlichen Werkstoffzustände, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Versprödung, berücksichtigt, die im Laufe der Betriebszeit im Bauteil bzw. an einer Rißfront auftreten können. So wird unterschieden zwischen Versprödung durch Simulation der Proben vor dem Anschwingen und Erzeugung eines „entsprechenden“ Zustandes durch von der Norm abweichendes Anschwingen. Dabei wird an mehreren Werkstoffen untersucht, in welcher Weise eine Rißfront bei Belastung im Niedrigwechselbereich geschädigt werden kann. Der Einfluß von Temperatur und Zeit ist entscheidend wichtig. Bei 350°C ergibt sich unter den gegebenen Prüfbedingungen durchweg ein Rißwachstum, das durch periodische Verlangsamungen und Stillstände (stehende Risse) über weite Lastwechselbereiche gekennzeichnet ist. Dieses Phänomen läßt sich mit Wechseldehnungsversprödung erklären. Die Bruchzähigkeit ist offensichtlich von der Rißwachstumsgeschwindigkeit abhängig; „stehende“ Risse ergeben die geringsten Werte.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330441211
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    Morphologie und Versprödung in der wärmebeeinflußten Zone hochfester StähleVortrag auf dem gemeinsamen Symposium der DECHEMA und des Deutschen Verbandes für Schweißtechnik „Die Schweißnaht als Konstruktionselement im chemischen Apparatebau„, 2. und 3. Dezember 1971 in Frankfurt/M. (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 44 (1972), S. 807-812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aufgrund der großen Streuung der Prüfergebnisse bei konventionellen Schweißnaht-Untersuchungen lassen sich die Prüfergebnisse nicht immer ausreichend interpretieren. Zur Beurteilung der Gütewerte der Wärmeeinflußzone (WEZ) wurden in einigen Fällen die werkstoffspezifischen gefügeabhängigen mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften einzelner Bereiche der WEZ an schweißsimulierend wärmebehandelten Proben untersucht. Der Zeit/Temperatur-Verlauf der Simulation entspricht den physikalischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Wärmeleitvorgänge beim Schweißen. Die Prüfergebnisse weisen nur eine geringe Streuung auf. Die Proben haben jedoch den Nachteil, daß der Gefügeverbund der WEZ nicht geprüft wird. Andererseits vermittelt eine integrale Betrachtung der Prüfergebnisse der einzelnen Proben aus Spitzentemperaturzonen einen Gesamteindruck des Verhaltens einer WEZ.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330441214
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