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  • 2020-2023
  • 1970-1974  (882)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1970  (882)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (809)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (73)
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Material
Years
  • 2020-2023
  • 1970-1974  (882)
  • 1890-1899
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen absorption in microbiological systems of zero order reaction rate (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model of oxygen absorption in microbiological systems of zero order reaction rate is proposed. The partial differential equation was solved to predict the profile of the oxygen concentration boundary layer next to a gas-liquid interface. Generally speaking, the presence of microbial cells always helps to increase the oxygen absorption rate over that of physical absorption. Only when the microbiological reaction is slow as judged by the fact that the reaction time, tr, is much larger than the diffusion time, tD, can one rightfully approximate the oxygen absorption in microbiological suspensions by physical absorption.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Starch conversion by immobilized glucoamylase (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Glucoamylase bound to DEAE-cellulose in 0.05 M sodium acetate, pH 4.0, is active in the conversion of starch to glucose. The activity of the DEAE-cellulose-bound enzyme ranges from 16 to 55% of the activity of the free enzyme. Binding of the enzyme narrows the pH optimum to approximately 4.0 and lowers the temperature optimum to 40-50°C as compared to a 60°C temperature optimum for the free enzyme. Concentrations of acetate buffer above 0.1 M disrupt the DEAE-cellulose-enzyme complex. Columns were used with some success for the continuous conversion of starch. Pretreatment of the starch with α-amylase and clarification were necessary to prevent blocking of the column. Columns maintained activity for more than 3 weeks of continuous operation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engineering factors in single-cell protein production. II. Spray drying and cell viabilityContribution No. 1524 from the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One important economical method for producing singlecell protein is to spray dry the cultured cells. This study presents some preliminary data on the effects of spray drying on cell viability. Under conditions similar to those for the production of spray-dried milk, 4-5 log cycles destruction occurred. The results indicate that, the activation energy for thermal destruction of yeast was reduced from the normal heat treatment value of 84 kcal/°K mole to about 38 kcal/°K mole.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120111
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Location and action of Streptomyces griseus α-D-mannosidase, an antibiotic-transforming enzyme (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Streptomyces mannosidase, like the enzyme from other sources, is shown to require a divalent cation for enzyme activity. N-Ethylmaleimide pretreatment of enzyme-containing cells eliminated the requirement of aeration for enzyme activity. Methyl-α-D-mannoside was found to be a strong inhibitor of the hydrolysis of both p-nitrophenyl-α-D-mannoside and mannosidost reptomycin. The enzyme is bound at or near the surface of the cell and is inactivated by sonic oscillation. Small participate matter containing most of the activity can be released from the cells into water, such release being inhibited by phosphate, Tris, or sodium chloride.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120301
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of models describing predator-prey interaction (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 353-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mathematical models of the interaction between predator and host populations have been expressed as systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Solutions of such systems may be periodic or aperiodic. Periodic, oscillatory solutions may depend on the initial conditions of the system or may be limit cycles. Aperiodic solutions can, but do not necessarily, exhibit oscillatory behavior. Therefore, it is important to characterize predatory-prey models on the basis of the possible types of solutions they may possess. This characterization can be accomplished using some well-known methods of nonlinear analysis. Examination of the system singular points and inspection of phase plane portraits have proved to be useful techniques for evaluating the effect of various modifications of early predator-prey models. Of particular interest is the existence of limit cycle oscillations in a model in which predator growth rate is a function of the concentration of prey.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and characterization of isolubilized L-amino acid oxidase (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 399-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The enzyme L-amino acid oxidase of Crotalus adamanteus was covalently coupled to porous 96% silica glass particles. The insolubilized enzyme was active on several L-amino acids including: leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tryptophane, and methionine. No activity was observed with D-amino acids, L-asparagine, or L-proline. Maximum activity was observed at pH 7.8. Stability of the enzyme derivative was demonstrated by continuous operation of an enzyme column for 35 days, during which the bound enzyme oxidized over 5000 times its own weight of substrate.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A continuous, multistage tower fermentor. II. Analysis of reactor performance (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 465-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method for analyzing the reactor behavior of a continuous, multistage tower fermentor is described. A model consisting of a system of interconnected, ideal subreactors is set up on the basis of the fermentor's configuration and flow pattern. The residence time distribution curve is used to test the validity of the model and the relative quantities of flow streams and regions in the model are determined. A least-square fitting procedure between measured and calculated distribution curves is used to identify the proper model. The application of this method to real cultivation conditions is also discussed. Using this approach, the multistage tower fermentor is shown to be equivalent to a cascade of four perfectly mixed tanks with a backtracking stream between stages. The extent of backflow under various conditions has also been determined.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120311
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbiological leaching of a zinc sulfide concentrateJoint contribution from the laboratories of the B. C. Research, Vancouver, B. C., and the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 501-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The microbiological extraction of zinc from a high-grade zinc sulfide concentrate has been investigated, using a pure strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Conditions such as temperature, pH, pulp density, nutrient, concentration, and specific surface of solids have been studied in terms of their effects on zinc extraction rate and in some instances on final zinc concentration in solution. Where appropriate, optimum conditions for leaching have been specified.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120403
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dialysis fermentation. I. Enhanced production of salicylic acid from naphthalene Pseudomonas fluorescensArticle No. 4977, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 577-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The conversion of naphthalene to salicylic acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied as a model for dialysis fermentation. In a demonstration experiment, the continual removal of the product by dialysis and by intermittent replenishment of the dialysate reservoir caused cyclical changes in the concentrations of viable cells and product. The cumulative total amount of both cell mass and salicylate, however, continued to increase steadily until the experiment was terminated after 15 days. At this time the rate of product formation was highest and still increasing, although less than 10% of the cells were viable. The terminal amount of salicylate was about 20-fold greater than the maximum reached in the control fermentation, and was calculated to be 2.6-fold more productive even if the control were optimally recycled. Methods were projected to achieve still further improvements.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120407
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial cell recovery enhancement through flocculationContribution No. 1532 from the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 873-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The removal of cellular material from fermentation broths is of importance in many fermentation processes. The present work compares the performance of recently developed polyelectrolyte flocculating additives with traditionally available additives. Objectives are to establish criteria for the choice of a flocculating additive and establish optimum conditions for the formation of stable, fast settling floe, and for quantitative separation of cellular material from the medium. Fermentation broths of actively growing Candida intermedia were used to evaluate the effectiveness of fifty commercial flocculating additives at different dosages and pH values. Certain strong anionic and strong cationic polyelectrolytes and mineral hydrocolloids were found to be most effective in their enhancement of settling rates. Some differences in behavior exist between glucose grown cells, hydrocarbon grown cells, and washed cells in buffer suspension. Flocculation of cells from fermentation broths is concluded to be highly dependent upon adsorbed material. A high charge density to interact or compete with adsorbed material and a solubility in the adsorbed material are important factors in choosing an additive for a given application. The fluid mechanics of a flocculating suspension is an important variable since low shear does not provide adequate contacting between cells for floe formation and high shear leads to floe breakup. An apparatus was constructed to grow floe under constant fluid mechanical conditions both in laminar and turbulent flow regimes. Turbulent shear was found to be very important in forming large, compact floe in cases where irreversible ionic bridging is the mechanism as for the strong anionic polyelectrolyte, polystyrene sulfonate. Adequate mixing is required to disperse the flocculating additive, but the level of turbulence is relatively unimportant in cases where reversible colloidal bridging is the mechanism as for the mineral hydrocolloid, bentonite.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120603
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method for obtaining protein concentrates from microorganisms (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 947-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In order to isolate proteins from microalgae, yeasts and bacteria, cell disintegration in a special ball-mill was performed. The degree of disintegration of the different microorganisms was compared. The dependence of disintegration on bead size and on the ratio between the volume of suspension and the volume of glass beads was also investigated. Nondisintegrated and disintegrated cells were extracted with sodium hydroxide and the amount of extractable nitrogen and the amount of nitrogen precipitable at pH 4.0 were determined. The dependence of yield on the sodium hydroxide concentration, extraction time, and temperature was studied. When extracting undisintegrated cells, very low yields were obtained and the nitrogen extracted was mostly nonproteinous. For disintegrated cells high yields were obtained. An optimum was found after extraction with 0.3-0.5% sodium hydroxide; at pH 11.0-11.5. The precipitate obtained represented 60-70% of the cell nitrogen. The nitrogen content of the precipitate was 12-14% of the dry weight.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120607
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of batch fermentation processes. II. Optimum temperature profiles for batch penicillin fermentations (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 1081-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Optimization methods based on the continuous maximum principle and the calculus of variations were used to calculate optimum temperature profiles for batch penicillin fermentations. These methods were first applied to several general models to develop effective techniques for the numerical solution of the equations. Subsequently, these methods were applied to two particular models, derived from experimental data, and the optimum temperature profiles were determined. The results indicated that an improvement, in penicillin yield of about 15% was possible if the optimum temperature profiles were followed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120613
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mechanical mixer for use in the preparation of reversed-phase chromatographic packingResearch sponsored by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health under contract with the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and Union Carbide Corporation, Nuclear Division. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 1099-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120614
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the liquid-phase oxidation of acid ferrous sulfate by the bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidens (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 29-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of the batch-wise liquid-phase oxidation of ferrous sulfate by the organism Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been studied over a range of temperatures from 20°C to 31°C and in the presence of an abundant supply of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other nutrients.The rate of oxidation was found to be accurately described by the equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \frac{{dS}}{{dt}} = \frac{{\mu _m SX}}{{Y(K + S)}} $$\end{document} where t = time hr, S = concentration of ferrous ions g Fe++/1., μm = maximum specific growth rate of bacteria, hr-1. Y = mass of bacteria produced per gram of iron oxidized g/g, K = saturation constant, g Fe++/l., and X = concentration of bacteria g/1.The value for the maximum specific growth rate, μm, was found to vary from 0.12 hr-1 at 20°C to 0.20 hr-1 at 31°C, while the value for the saturation constant K varied randomly between 1 and 2 g/1.A method has also been described which permitted evaluation of the relevant rate constants μm and K without direct knowledge of the bacterial population. This method was found to yield values of μm and K which agreed with values determined accurately by a statistical regression analysis of the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120104
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A wet spinning apparatus and auxiliary equipment suitable for preparing samples of oriented DNA (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 93-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples of oriented DNA prepared by wet spinning have been found to be very useful for physicochemical and biochemical studies with various techniques. The results obtained yield information on such fundamental properties of DNA as its hydration, electrical conductivity, and its interaction with irradiation and mutagenic and carcinogenic substances. Against this background a detailed description is given of the wet, spinning apparatus and of the techniques developed to produce bigger samples from spun films of oriented DNA. Photographic illustrations are used to give a clear picture of the various details. Extensions of the wet spinning method are discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120109
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteases of the genus Bacillus. I. Neutral proteases (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 179-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: B. subtilis NRRL B3411 neutral protease has been extensively purified by solvent, and salt fractional ion, pigment removal with DEAE-cellulose followed by chromatography on hydroxylapatite, and a final passage through a Sephadex G-100 column. The neutral protease was shown to be homogeneous by disc gel and cellulose acetate electrophoresis, gel filtration chromatography, and ultra-centrifugation. The molecular weight was determined by osmometry and ultracentrifugation to be about 38-42,000 and the amino acid composition and zinc content determined. The general properties of the enzyme, pH-activity relationship, stability, effect of inhibitors, and specificity are discussed. Comparative studies were carried out on the B. subtilis NRRL B3411 and B. subtilis var. amylosacchariticus neutral proteases and these enzymes were found to be indistinguishable by the methods used, but quite distinct from the thermostable enzyme thermolysin from B. thermoprotcolyticus.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120205
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal control of an enzyme reaction subject to enzyme deactivation. I. Batch process (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 291-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the study of an enzymatic system in a repeated batch process where the enzyme is subject to deactivation. The particular system studied was the enzymatic hydrolysis of Penicillin G to 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Utilizing standard optimization techniques, pH and temperature control policies were determined that would maximize the product yield.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120209
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of microbial interactions in control of microbial ecosystems (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 333-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A microbial ecosystem represents a delicately balanced population of microorganisms each interacting with and influencing the other members of the population. An understanding of the nature and effects of these interactions is essential to improving the performance of these ecologies, which are important, in such diverse processes as biological waste treatment procedures, water pollution abatement, industrial fermentations, human or animal digestives processes and in soil. There are several types of mocrobial interactions, such as commensalism, inhibition, food competition, predation, parasitism, and synergism, which either singly or in combination may influence the functioning of the microbial ecology.To understand interactions, it is necessary to perform a detailed study of the physiology of the individual predominating microorganisms to establish their requirements with respect to such environmental factors as nutrients, temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, removal of waste products, or toxic materials which may be involved in control processes and to determine how these factors affect their capabilities. The sum total of this information will indicate the possible interactions between the microorganisms and will form the basis for conducting experiments either in the laboratory or with mathematical models. Such experiments will lead to an understanding of microbial activities and to the formulation of control measures, often using an alteration of the environmental factors for regulation of the microbial ecologies. Extensive research remains to be done on the microbial interact inns in obtain the desired, precise control of these ecological processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120302
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation-reduction potential and concomitant growth patterns of cultures of Earle's “L” cells in centrifuge bottle spinners (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 419-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous studies of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) variation in monolayer (Roux bottle) cultures pointed out the need for data on pH and ORP patterns in simple spinner cultures. This information was desirable for optimizing conditions of growth in small 1-L and New Brunswick fermentors. Results of experiments in 250-ml centrifuge spinner vessels are presented showing that incubation of media prior to inoculation induces desirable qualities reflected in better growth. The importance of initial ORP values of the medium is discussed. The relationship of ORP levels to yield and longevity of cell growth is also considered. The ORP level of the medium at inoculation is shown to be effected by previous incubation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120309
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An antoclavable version of the Mackereth oxygen probe (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 633-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120411
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of small amounts of sodium hypochlorite on the growth of Earl's “L” cells in suspension growth (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 635-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Of several candidate disinfectants for use in tissue culture work, especially suspension cultures, sodium hypochlorite solution was selected to test its effect on growing cells. Metabolizing cells reduce, sodium hypochlorite oxidizes ; therefore NaOCl leakage into such systems must be neutralized with no untoward effects on the cells. Dilutions of routine disinfectant-grade sodium hypochlorite were tested against cell cultures. Those exposed to 15.62 to 31.25 ppm of NaOCl grew with no apparent cell damage.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120412
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    The influence of high substrate concentrations on microbial kineticsPrepared for presentation at the 154th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, September 1P, 1969, New York, N. Y. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 679-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High substrate concentrations inhibit growth and may distort the metabolism of microorganisms. Mechanisms causing substrate inhibition are discussed and used to derive several mathematical models representative of the entire concentration range, including stimulation of growth by low substrate concentrations. These kinetic models are tested with a variety of batch culture measurements of specific growth rate and respiration rate at widely-ranging substrate concentrations. Using one of the kinetic models, equations are developed for batch, continuous, and exponential-feed reactors. Comparison of results obtained in continuous culture with results from exponential-feed culture systems is shown to offer a novel experimental method for evaluating the effect of the cell age distribution on the properties and metabolic activity of a culture.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120504
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  • 25
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    Optimization of batch fermentation processes. I. Development of mathematical models for batch penicillin fermentations. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 803-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two kinds of mathematical models have been developed for batch penicillin fermentations: (1) general models, based on averaged, nondimensionalized cell and penicillin synthesis curves from plant, scale fermentors and (2) particular models developed from specific sets of experimental data from two sources. Parameter-temperature functions used with the general models were assumed to have general shapes which could apply to many fermentations, i.e., they were based on the familiar temperature response of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Parameter-temperature functions for the particular models were determined from experimental data for batch runs at various temperatures.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120508
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  • 26
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    Microbial production of D-mannitol and D-fructose from glycerol (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 913-920 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In view of the recent development that some petrochemical products are efficiently available as substrates for the fermentation industry, glycerol manufactured from propylene by chemical synthesis would also be hoped for the purpose. This paper describes some of the factors influencing mannitol production from glycerol by Torulopsis yeasts and a microbial conversion of glycerol to D-fructose via mannitol, in which two sequential steps of yeast and Acetobacter fermentation are involved. Torulopsis mannitofaciens CBS 5981 and Torulopsis vcrsatilis CBS 1752, exceptionally good mannitol producers, were selected for the study. High concentrations of nitrogen sources and KH2PO4 in the medium markedly decreased mannitol yield in spite of good utilization of the substrate. T. mannitofaciens produced mannitol in yield of 31% of the glycerol consumed at optimal condition. The fermentation by washed yeast cells gave much higher mannitol yield of more than 50%. A sequential fermentation process was carried out without isolation and purification of the intermediate and yielded.51.7%. D-fructose from the glycerol.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120605
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  • 27
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    Growth and acid production by Lactobacillus (L.) delbrueckii in a dialysis culture system (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 961-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth and lactic acid production by L. delbrueckii was studied in a dialysis culture system and the inhibitory effect of lactate confirmed by removing lactate from the culture medium by dialysis. It has been shown that lactate inhibits growth after the log phase and that the maintenance of low lactate concentrations after this point permits higher specific growth rates and higher maximum cell concentrations. Acid production is also significantly higher in a dialysis culture system. Finally, a modification of the Luedeking-Piret model, incorporating the lactate inhibition effect, is proposed.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120608
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  • 28
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    Extended culture: The growth of Candida utilis at controlled acetate concentrationsThis work was supported by Engineering Research Grant No. Gk 4926 from the National Science Foundation. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 975-999 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Extended culture, a special type of semicontinuous culture, permits prolonged maintenance of a constant or programmed environment in a growing culture by a controlled addition of one or more substrates. Differences between extended culture and continuous culture data are a measure of differences in the properties of cell populations with different cell age distributions but identical steady-state environments. Both extended culture and continuous culture were used to study the growth kinetics of Candida utilis (ATCC 9226) under conditions of substrate inhibition at controlled concentrations of sodium acetate in a carbon-limited mineral salts medium supplemented with 0.01 g/1 yeast extract. Acetate concentrations ranged from 1.2 g/l to 10.8 g/l (expressed as acetic acid), while yeast concentrations varied from 0.3 to 7.8 (g dry cells)/1. Rate parameters such as growth yields (Y), specific growth rates (μ), and linear growth rates (K), were calculated by computer from the data and theory presented herein. Specific growth rates as high as 0.54/hr were observed, although extended culture growth was more nearly linear than exponential in these experiments. Growth yields usually varied between 0.2 and 0.4 (g dry cells)/(g acetate), although values were as high as 0.8 for a brief period during one experiment. Growth yields at a given acetate concentration were correlated by an equation of the form 1/Y = 1/YG + m/μ. A maintenance coefficient (m) of 0.17 (g acetate)/(g dry cell-hr) was observed at acetate concentrations of 4.5 and 10. g/1. A typical maximum growth yield (YG) of 0.51 (g dry cell)/(g acetate) was obtained at 4.5 g/1 acetate, but an unusually high YG of 1.33 was found at 10. g/1 acetate. Oxygen uptake measurements are compared with these cell yield measurements. Linear growth rates in expended culture were correlated by the equation K = 0.89-0.70 (S/S0) where K has units of (g dry cell)/(l-hr), S is the instantaneous acetate concentration, and S0 is the initial acetate concentration. The extended culture kinetic data are shown to be substantially different from continuous culture kinetic data. Reason for these differences are discussed in light of diffrences in the cell age distributions, as well as possible differences in experimental conditions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120609
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  • 29
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    Enzyme inactivation with shearing (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 1103-1109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Enzymes subjected to shearing in a viscometer are partially inactivated. It is possible with viscometry to calculate the degree of inactivation that occura when an enzyme solution flows through a capillary tube. When shear rate × exposure time is less than 104, there is little or no inactivation.The masa average shear-rate × time or shear, for laminar flow in a cylindrical tube is simply 16L/3D. It is surprising that for a single pass through a tube, the masa average shear is independent of flow rate and shear rate.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120615
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  • 30
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    Preparation and application of polymer-entrapped enzymes and microorganisms in microbial transformation processes with special reference to steroid 11-β-hydroxylation and Δ1-dehydrogenation (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fungal cells from Curvularia lunata were entrapped in a crosslinked polyacrylamide gel. The gel-cells obtained as granules were applied in the microbial transformation of Reichstein compound S leading to cortisol through an 11-β-hydroxylation step. Some kinetic studies of this conversion using gel-cells were carried out. In addition, it was shown that gel-cell granules which had lost part of their 11-β-hydroxylase activity on storage could be reactivated yielding preparations with increased activity.From Corynebacterium simplex a steroid dehydrogenase catalyzing the Δ1- dehydrogenation of cortisol leading to prednisolone was isolated and partially purified. The preparation was entrapped in a crosslinked polyacrylamide gel and the gel-enzyme granules obtained used in steroid dehydrogenation processes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120103
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  • 31
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    Continuous fermentation to produce xanthan biopolymer: Laboratory investigationPresented at the Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, N. Y. September 7-12, 1969. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 75-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Xanthan biopolymer has been produced by single-stage continuous fermentation with Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B-1459 in a medium of glucose, minerals, distillers' solubles, and urea for as long as 20 days. At the highest dilution rate studied (D = 0.0285 hr-1), the steady state rate of xanthan production was 0.36 g/kg/hr and the steady state yield, basis glucose consumed, was 68%. Observations indicate that xanthan production rate is a function of pH and D.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120107
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  • 32
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    Freeze-drying of smallpox vaccine in small quantities (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120112
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  • 33
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    Proteases of the genus Bacillus. II. Alkaline proteases (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 213-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The alkaline proteases of B. subtilis NRRL B3411, B. pumilis, and B. licheniformis have been isolated by fractionation followed by ion exchange chromatography and their homogeneity demonstrated. General enzyme properties of the B. sublitis NRRL B3411 alkaline protease have been studied and attempts made to differentiate a group of alkaline proteases. It is clear that the alkaline proteases known as Subtilisins or Subtilopeptidases are not, exclusive to B. subtilis but are common to many Bacilli and therefore the generic name Bacillopeptidases has been proposed. It is clear too that on the basis of the effect of pH on activity, amino acid composition, esterase activity, and immunological cross-reactions the Bacillopeptidases can be divided into two groups or types: (a) Bacillopcptidase A (Subtilisin A or Subtilopeptidase A) which includes Subtilisin Carlsberg, B. licheniformis, and B. pumilis alkaline proteases; (b) Bacillopeptidase B (Subtilisin B or Subtilopeptidase B) which includes B subtilis NRRL B3411, Subtilisin Novo, Subtilisin BPN' (Nagarse), alkaline protease Daiwa Kasei, and (probably) B. subtilis var. amylosacchariticus. At present, no further differentiation is possible and whether or not the enzymes within group A or B are identical remains an open question. Methods for examination of crude enzyme mixtures or fermentation beers are described and from the examination of a number of crude enzymes and fermentation beers it appears that organisms producing Bacillopeptidase A do not produce neutral protease or amylase, while organisms producing Bacillopeptidase B produce a neutral protease and amylase as well.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120206
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    Pilot plant isolation of transaldolase from Candida utilis (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 321-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Through the use of pilot plant equipment, transaldolase types I, II, and III (from Candida utilis) have been separated and purified. The procedure includes a time sensitive solvent fractionation below 0°C, ion exchange chromatography, and crystalization. The enzyme yield represents a 41% recovery of crystalline type III and partially purified types I and II.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120211
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  • 35
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    Responses in continuous cultures of lysogenic Escherichia coli following inductionPresented at the 158th National Meeting, American Chemical Society, New York, N.Y., September 9, 1969. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 347-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bacteriophages are widely distributed in nature and may be important factors in regulating populations of their hosts. Model continuous culture systems of a single bacterial species and a temperate parasitic phage have been studied. Steady state cultures of lysogenic Escherichia coli 159T- (λcts) produced a small quantity of free λ cts phage. Temperature shocking such a culture resulted in a sharp increase in phage concentration with a concomitant fall in cell population. With time the system returned to a steady state condition.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120304
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  • 36
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    The relationship of oxidation-reduction potential to the growth performance of tissue culture media poised prior to incubation (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 409-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Earlier observations revealed that incubation of media and the attendant changes in oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were related to improved cell production. This is a report, of work done to show that the higher levels and increased rates of growth of cells grown in incubated medium are associated with the ORP level of the medium before inoculation of the medium with cells. Work was done using 250-ml centrifuge spinner bottles as the culture vessels. Further work is needed to establish the desirability of deliberate poising of media prior to use for studies in small vessels and flasks.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120308
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  • 37
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    Design and evaluation of a system for thermal decontamination of process air (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 483-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerobiology studies at the Naval Biological Laboratory require use of a vacuum system to provide safe disposal of air contaminated with pathogenic, microorganisms. A system for thermal decontamination of this process air has been installed and tested. The system uses a natural gas burner to heat approximately 550 cfm of air to temperatures exceeding 750°F. Tests showed a reduction in number of acrosolized viable hardy spores (Bacillus subtilis var. niger) of more than 8 logs at design flow rates. The kill rate (D values) measured in this system is somewhat higher than those reported by other workers. The annual owning and operating cost of the system is approximately $9000.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120402
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  • 38
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    Respiratory relationships of a symbiotic algal-bacterial culture for wastewater nutrient removal (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 541-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A continuous symbiotic algal-bacterial system was developed consisting essentially of a mixed Chlorella-activated sludge culture which would efficiently remove nutrients from wastewater under aerobic conditions without supplementary aeration. Oxygen decline data were fitted to a mathematical model used to predict respiratory rates, photosynthetic oxygenation, and steady-state oxygen concentrations. Stable relative biological populations and a dissolved oxygen concentration of about 2 mg/1 were maintained during steady-state operation with daily harvesting of excess biomass. Respiratory and physiological relationships indicated that the carbon dioxide-oxygen balance is a primary control that governs the steady-state operation of a symbiotic algal-bacterial culture. The close association of the algae and bacteria resulted in an algal-bacterial floc with settled rapidly yielding a clear supernatant.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120405
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  • 39
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    A dynamic mathematical model of the chemostatSupported by phs research traineeship. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 747-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A number of experimental studies on the dynamic, behavior of the chemostat have shown that the specific growth rate does not, instantaneously adjust to changes in the concentration of limiting substrate in the chemostat following disturbances in the steady state input limiting substrate concentration or in the steady state dilution rate. Instead of an instantaneous response, as would be predicted by the Monod equation, experimental studies have shown that the specific growth rate experiences a dynamic lag in responding to the changes in the concentration of limiting substrate in the culture vessel. The observed dynamic lag has been recognized by researchers in such terms as an inertial phenomenon and as a hysteresis effect, but as yet a systems engineering approach has not been applied to the observed data. The present paper criticizes the use of the Monod equation as a dynamic relationship and offers as an alternative a dynamic equation relating specific growth rate to the limiting substrate concentration in the chemostat. Following the development of equations, experimental methods of evaluating parameters are discussed. Dynamic responses of analog simulations (incorporating the newly derived equations) are compared with the dynamic responses predicted by the Monod equation and with the dynamic responses of experimental chemostats.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120506
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    An enzyme kinetic model for describing fermentation processesPaper presented at the 158th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Division of Microbial Chemistry and Technology, New Work, N. Y., September 11, 1969. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 831-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An enzyme kinetic model has been proposed to describe fermentation processes. This type of model was chosen because it is biologically sound, can incorporate all of the important engineering control variables, and can draw upon, in its development, the extensive kinetic literature. An intial qualitative test for this model was made on the gluconic acid fermentation. A necessary check of the model was that Monod's empirical cell growth and yield equations were derived as a special case. The model also offered an explanation for the hysteresis behavior of the gluconic acid production rate as a function of gluconolactone.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120509
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    Gram-Scale purification of arginine, formylmethionione, glutamic acid and phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acids from E. coli K-12 MO7Research sponsored by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health under contract with the United States Atomic Energy Commission and Union Carbide Corporation, Nuclear Division. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 889-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gram-sized quantities of purified arginine, formylmethionine, glutamic acid, and phenylalanine-2 tRNAs have been prepared from pools of E. coli K-12 MO7 mixed tRNAs by reversed-phase chromatography after preliminary fractionation on DEAE-cellulose. Purified formylmethionine tRNA and partially purified arginine tRNA and glutamie acid tRNA were obtained from large-scale RPC-3 runs (4 × 36 in. column). The arginine tRNA was further purified by rechromatography on RPC-4 columns, and the gluatmic acid tRNA by rechromatography on an RPC-3 column. Two phenylalanine tRNAs were resolved on large-scale (2 × 96 in. column) RPC-3 runs; only the second phenylalanine tRNA reached a satisfactory degree of activity. About 0.88 g of arginine tRNA, 70% activity; 3.32 g of formylmethionine tRNA, 97% activity; 0.80 g of glutamic acid tRNA, 83% activity and O.92 g of phenylalanine-2 tRNA, 78% activity, were produced. The processing steps employed are reliable and reproducible and the procedure is amenable to routine production of these tRNAs.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120604
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  • 42
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    Effect of mixing on the washout and steady-state performance of continuous culturesThis work was partially supported by the Agriculture Experiment Station of Kansas State University, by the U. S. Department of the Interior, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration [Project WP-01141-02 and 17090 ELL], and by Public Health Service Research Career Development Award No. 1 K4 GM35397-01 (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 1019-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of mixing on the critical mean holding time for washout and the steady state performance of growth processes in continuous flow reactors are investigated. Macromixing, micromixing, and cell recycle arc considered. The tanks-in-series model composed of N completely mixed flow reactors, the dispersion model, the plug flow model, and a combined model composed of a plug flow reactor and a continuous stirred tank flow reactor connected in series arc used to represent the macro-mixing or residence time distribution. The extreme cases of micromixing, namely, complete segregation and maximum mixedness, as well as intermediate states of micromixing are investigated to determine their effects on washout and the occurence of multiple steady states. A technique for predicting the maximum mixedness washout condition from a knowledge of the residence time distribution is presented and used to determine the washout condition for the dispersion model under maximum mixedness conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120611
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    On the use of fast-response dissolved oxygen probes for oxygen transfer studiesPaper presented in part to Third International Fermentation Symposium, Rutgers, 1968. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120113
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  • 44
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    Experiments with lysis of living cells of Eremothecium ashbyii and of Methanomonas by microbial enzymes (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 167-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The possibility to use microorganisms as human food is limited by several factors. The intact cell is resistant to digestion, the cell wall is unbalanced in essential amino acids, and the nucleic acids are said to be harmful. For using single cell protein as food it may thus be necessary to disrupt the cell wall and separate the protein from nucleic acid. This paper is concerned with the production and properties of extracellular enzymes able to lyse cell walls of microorganisms. Soil bacteria and actinomycetes have been cultivated and lytic enzymes from these organisms have been used to lyse living cells of the yeast like organism E. ashbyii. Efforts were also made to use these enzymes for lysing cell of a Methanomonas sp.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120204
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  • 45
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    Comments on differentiation and product formation in molds (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 845-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 46
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    Determination of oxygen-transfer coefficients in viscous streptomycete fermentations (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 849-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two types of steam-sterilizable dissolved-oxygen probs were evaluated for use in fermentations. A galvanic-cell probe was selected over a polarographic probe because of its demonstrated ruggedness and dependability. Various methods for determining kLa in fermentors were compared and the oxygen balance method selected for use in viscous streptomycete fermentations. Rheological data are presented to identify a range of mash viscosity where many kLa measurement methods are not applicable. Oxygen transfer data are presented for streptomycete fermentations pilot fermentors.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120602
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  • 47
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    A model for continuous enzymatic saccharification of cellulose with simultaneous removal of glucose syrupPresented at the ACS Symposium on Industrial Microbial Enzymes, New York, N.Y., U.S.A., September 7-12, 1969. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 921-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cellulase of Trichoderma viride was concentrated in various molecular cutoff membranes, and flux rates and retention of activity were studied under ultra-filtration conditions. Little or no Cellulase was discharged through the membranes tested. The concentrated (5-8-fold) enzymes were used to saccharify finely ground substrate (Solka Floe) in stirred tank (STR) and membrane reactors (MR). A pressure filtration vessel provided with a membrane for simultaneous removal of low molecular weight products (glucose) from the reacting system (Cellulose-Cellulase) is designated as a membrane reactor. Continuous digestion of dense cellulose suspension in the membrane reactor was achieved. Using PM-30 (Amicon) membrane reasonably high mass flux values (9.7-23.3 gals/ft2 - day) were obtained in separating glucose from a digest of 30% cellulose suspension. Abcor membrane (HFA 300) was equally effective and necessitated less care in handling. Nearly 14% glucose concentration has been achieved in less than 50 hrs in STR by digesting a 30% cellulose suspension. Based on experimental data a model system is proposed for the continuous steady state Saccharification of ground substrate in which there is continuous removal of concentrated glucose syrup, and a feedback of enzyme.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120606
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  • 48
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    Model for continuous culture which considers the viability concept (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 1069-1079 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of the rate of ‘natural death’ of bacteria on the steady state behaviour of continuous culture has been studied. A model which has no real biochemical basis but which gives good experimental correlation has been proposed. Populations of Acrobacter Acrogenes harvested from the chemostat at dilution rates greater than 0.1 HR-1 were found to be over 95% viable. The effect of the rate of death on the steady state yields becomes significant only at very low dilution rates. The experimental work of other workers has also been simulated to test the validity of the model. Theoretically it is also shown that an ‘apparent’ lag in batch cultures will be observed if the innoculum is of very low viability.
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  • 49
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    The separation of proteins with heteropolyacids (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 1-17 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The precipitation of proteins with heteropolyacids has been studied for the purpose of large scale primary purification. A precipitate will form if the pH of the reaction between purified ovalbumin, hemoglobin, trypsin, pepsin, bovine serum albumin, ovomucoid, gelatin or ribonuclease and tungstrophosphoric, tungstosilicic or molybdosilicic acid is close to the isoelectric point of the protein and does not cause the dissociation of the heteropolyacid. Below the isoelctric point, the percent precipitation depends on the conformational changes of the protein. The precipitation of ovalbumin with tungstophosphoric decreases as the ionic strength of the buffer increases and is independent, of the protein concentration. Mixtures of ovalbumin and bovine serum albumin, though having close isoelectric points, can be separated by varying the concentration of the precipitant. The electropositive groups which combine with the tungstophosphoric acid are guanidino, ε-amino and imidazole. No precipitation is given by the α-amino groups. Filtrates of microbial fermentations containing lactase, glucose aerode-hydrogenase, alkaline protease, amyloglucosidase, and transglucosylase have been purified by precipitation with heteropolyacids.
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  • 50
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    Continuous enzyme processing: The isolation of prolyl-tRNA synthetase from Phaseolus Aureus (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 63-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A pilot-plant process has been developed for the continuous extraction and partial purification of prolyl-tRNA synthetase from mung bean. The bean slurry was wet ground in a hammer mill, clarified by two-stage centrifugation, and the protein in the effluent fractionated by precipitation at pH values of 5.2 and 4.2. The throughput was 13 kg dry bean/hr. The improved extraction process and reduced processing time resulted in an enzyme product with a specific activity 16 × that previously obtained in the batch process. The yield was also 50-60 times higher.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Dialysis fermentation. III. Anomalous inhibition of threonine biosynthesis in an auxotrophic mutant of Escherichia coliArticle No. 4979, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 603-613 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dialysis was attempted as a means to alleviate the product-activated controls presumed to limit the formation of threonine by an auxotrophic mutant of Escherichia coli strain W. The occurrence of inhibition rather than enhancement of yields by dialysis was traced to the fact that threonine actually was not inhibiting its own synthesis. Instead, α,ε-diaminopimelic acid became depleted, but the imbalance could not be corrected by exogenous replacement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120409
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    A defined medium for the production of lysergic acid alkaloids by Claviceps paspali (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 641-644 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120413
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    Differentiation and product formation in moldsSupported in part by USDA Grant 85890. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 771-801 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120507
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  • 54
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120601
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  • 55
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    Application of ultrafiltration for enzyme. Retention during continuous enzymatic reaction (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 615-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In most enzymatic reactions, batch or continuous, separation of the enzyme for reuse is difficult if not impossible. A process will be presented in which an Ultrafiltration membrane serves to separate the reaction products from the enzyme and the substrate. In this manner the enzyme may be retained and re-used. Furthermore, under these conditions, the enzyme need only be present in catalytic amounts regardless of the amount of product produced.Under proper operating conditions and proper ultrafiltration membrane selection, a pure solution of α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis may be retained with no loss in enzyme activity over a test period of 30 hr after steadystate has been achieved. In the presence of substrate, the membrane support and ultrafiltration cell serve as the reaction vessel for the hydrolysis of starch. The substrate is continuously pumped into the cell under constant ultrafiltration pressure. The di-, oligo-, and polysaccharides formed from the enzyme reaction then either pass through the membrane as products or are retained. The molecular weight distribution of the products is dependent on the nominal molecular weight cut-off of the membrane, absolute ultrafiltration pressure, enzyme-to-substrate ratio, temperature, and residence time of the substrate in the reactor. In addition to the partial hydrolysis of starch by α-amylase, some preliminary findings on the complete hydrolysis of starch by glucoamylase will also be presented. In these latter studies, the substrate may be completely hydrolyzed to glucose units.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Introductory commentsThe eight papers which follow were presented as a “Symposium on Mathematical Models for Fermentation” before the 158th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, N. Y., September 8-12, 1969. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 645-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120502
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  • 57
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    Comparative kinetic studies on the neutral protease and thermolysin catalyzed hydrolysis of simple dipeptide substrates (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 313-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A comparative study of the Bacillus subtilis neutral protease and Bacillus thermoproteolyticus thermolysin calalyzed hydrolysis of a few dipeptide sustrates including furylacryloylglycyl-L-leucine amide is reported. While differences in the kcat/Km were observed between the two enzymes toward substrates in which phenylalanine or leucine donated the amino group of the peptide bond, secondary effects of substituents on the carbonyl donating amino acid and pH profiles were quite similar. Differences were also observed toward protein substrates as compared to dipeptides.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120210
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    Glucose and lactic acid trends in suspension cultures of two established mammalian cell strains in chemically defined mediaThe major part of this research constituted a thesis submitted by the author to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Georgetown University, Washington, D. C., in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, February 1963. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 429-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In replicated 30 to 40-ml suspension cultures of rapidly proliferating monkey kidney cells of a comparatively fragile strain, the rates of glucose utilization and lactic acid accumulation averaged about 400 micrograms and 110 micrograms per 106 cells per day respectively, with average molar La/Gl ratios of 0.48. These two rates of glucose utilization and lactic acid accumulation were about 4 × and 10 × as high as the corresponding rates in comparable cultures of the hardier strain 2071-L mouse fibroblasts under the same conditions, with average molar La/Gl ratios of 0.16. In comparable but nonproliferating suspension cultures of the same strain of monkey kidney cells, during about 3 weeks the rates were extremely high, with about 710 micrograms glucose utilized and 445 micrograms lactic acid accumulated per 106 cells per day, with average molar La/Gl ratios of 1.37. The rates of glucose uptake and lactic acid accumulation were higher in the nonproliferating cultures aerated with 5% CO2 in air than in those aerated with 10% CO2 in air. This difference was associated with pH, which was higher in the former group.It was concluded that with this fragile strain of monkey Kidney cells(1) in nonproliferating cultures the cells were metabolizing actively but with a marked tendency to higher La/Gl ratios, (2) in the proliferating cultures the high rates of glucose utilization and lactic acid accumulation were definitely not directly correlated with the rate of growth, and (3) in none of the cultures was the amount of glucose remaining in the fluid at fluid changes so low as to have been a limiting factor.Information in the literature concering glucose utilization and lactic acid production by cells vitro is voluminous and in some respects contradictory. In the present study the rates were unexpectedly high for the monkey kidney cells, particularly those in the otherwise apparently inactive nonproliferating cultures. The data seem to be unique, in that an established strain of cells in chemically defined medium in suspension cultures has been characterized for these metabolic parameters in both proliferating cultures and in equivalent nonproliferating cultures under directly comparable conditions.The concept was developed that since these monkey kidney cells are obviously more fragile than the other cells examined, the complex physical stresses imposed upon these cells in agitated cultures can be modified and lessened in order to permit growth. Lessening of such mechanical stress waa brought about in several ways, of which only the smaller flask size seemed to be at least partly effective. Increasing either the concentration or the viscosity type of Methocel waa not effective.
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    The effect of ethanol on continuous culture stability (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 561-575 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The stability characteristics of a continuous culture system were studied following the addition of the natural product inhibitor, ethanol. For a steady state culture of Klebsiella (Aerobacter) aerogenes there was a linear dependence of growth rate on ethanol concentration. Following impulse and step addition of the inhibitor, response patterns of the growth rate (μ) and overall metabolism (Qo2, QCo2, QAC) were observed. A mathematical model of the transient behavior of a product-limited system is proposed, and analog computer solutions fitted to the experimental data. The transient response of the growth rate could best be described by second or higher order equations, e.g., \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ T_2^2 \frac{{d^2 \mu }}{{dt^2 }} + 2T_2^2 \xi \frac{{d\mu }}{{dt}} + \mu = \mu _m (1.0 - q.P_t) $$\end{document} with values of the second order time constant (T2) = 5 min, and damping coefficient (ξ) = 0.4.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120406
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    Engineering factors in single-cell protein production. I. Fluid properties and concentration of yeast by evaporationContribution No, 1523 from the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Masachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusrtts. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 123-134 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The processing of fermentor-grown, edible yeast involves the removal of water. This can be accomplished through concentration followed by drum or spray drying. This study presents the essential physical properties of yeast solutions necessary for calculation of production economics. In addition, our initial studies of vacuum concentration show that some of the cell leakage necessary for good drying characteristics occurs. The residence time during concentration is also sufficient, to yield 1-2 log cycles of kill which are mandatory since the final product, should contain no viable cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120110
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120201
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  • 62
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    Kinetics of the conversion of glucose to gluconic acid by Pseudomonas ovalis (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 273-290 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The concept of a “critical oxygen concentration” is conventionally considered to hold for the submerged aerobic fermentation of glucose to gluconic acid. Above the critical level the fermentation rate is supposedly independent of oxygen concentration. In this work it is shown that, at a given agitation rate, the fermentation is independent of dissolved oxygen when above the critical. However, an increase in the agitation rate results in an increase in the fermentation rate. This increase was shown to be accompanied by an increase in the gluconolactone concentration in the broth. Gluconolactone, an intermediate in the reaction pathway, is hydrolyzed nonenzymatically to gluconic acid. Evidence is presented to suggest that the increased gas-liquid interfacial area brought about by increased agitation causes an increased net rate of lactone formation. This in turn results in an increased rate of hydrolysis of the lactone to gluconic acid. A model is presented hypothesizing that negatively charged cells adsorb at the gas-liquid interface. These cells attract hydrogen ions, causing a lowering of the pH in the film around the bubbles. It is this lowered pH which is considered to bring about increased fermentation rates when the interfacial area is increased. Supporting evidence is presented.
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    Effect of incomplete mixing on the analysis of the static behaviour of continuous cultures (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 1001-1017 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple model is proposed for continuous stirred microbial culture system to explain observed deviations from the behavior predicted on the basis that the fluid is completely mixed, which arises from the use of radial flow impellers in such apparatus.
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    Introduction to symposium on industrial microbial enzymes (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 157-158 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120202
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    Purification and characterization of the amylase of B. subtilis NRRL B3411 (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 251-271 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The amylase of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B3411 has been purified and partially characterized. The specific activity can be increased from 300,000 units/g to 6,000,000 units/g with a 60% recovery of total units. The purified material consists of one major and one trace anodic component as determined by disc gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was 48,000 as determined by bio-gel filtration; the molecular weight was 44,900 ± 2400 as determined by sedimentation equilibrium methods. This purified enzyme is stable at, 70°C in the presence of 0.01 M Ca++ and 0.1 M NaCl over a broad pH range from 5.5-9.5. The pH activity profile indicates optimum activity at pH 6.0. This amylase exhibits maximum activity at 60°C. The enzyme is a liquefying α-amylase as determined by analysis of hydrolysis products and immunological studies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120207
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    Capsular protection against virulent coliphage infectionPresented at the 158th National Meeting, American Chemical Society, New York, N. Y., September 9, 1969. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 341-346 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ecological significance of bacterial capsules when virulent bacteriophages are present was explored by exposing continuous cultures of Escherichia coli ATCC 11303, in various stages of capsulation and clumping, to a virulent coliphage, T2. Only partial protection was provided by capsulation, but this could be a factor affecting survival in complex mixed cultures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120303
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    The role of aeration and agitation in the production of glucose oxidase in submerged culture. II (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 379-397 
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    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The main purpose of the work reported here was to establish the effectiveness of aeration and agitation, and to determine the best conditions of aeration for the growth and production of glucose oxidase of Aspergillus niger, on a semi-industrial scale. Concentration of dissolved O2, O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured. It was found that the rate of growth and the activity of glucose oxidase per gram mycelium increased with the increase of speed of agitation. The concentration of dissolved oxygen of the fermentation broth, as well as the rate of respiration (O2 consumption and CO2 production) increased in direct proportion to the increase of speed of agitation, while assimilation of sugars was accelerated. The values of the respiratory ratio showed a fluctuation according to the presence or absence of sugar in the medium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120306
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120401
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    Studies on the kinetics and mechanism of BOD exertion in dilute systems (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 519-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mechanisms and kinetic course of BOD exertion were compared in both open and closed systems. Two open reactors, a simulated stream device, and an open stirred reactor were employed, and the closed systems consisted of standard BOD bottles and 2.4-liter vessels. In the closed systems, both quiescent and stirred conditions of incubation were examined. Biological solids concentration, bacteria and protozoa concentration, substrate analysis, and chemical oxygen demand as well as biochemical oxygen utilization were employed to assess the performance of these systems.Oxygen uptake rate constants were observed to increase with increasing concentration o carbon source, thus militating against irect use of the usual dilution technique for predicting rate of deoxygenation in receiving streams. The relationship between specific O2 uptake rate and substrate concentration approximated a hyperbolic function similar to the Mono relationship for specific growth rate and substrate concentration. A technique using an open stirred reactor than the standard BOD bottle dilution technique is recommended.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120404
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    Dialysis fermentation. II. Kinetic analysis of salicylic acid production via cell growth and maintenanceArticle No 4978, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 591-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A kinetic analysis was made of the relationship between salicylate production from naphthalene and growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens in semicontinuous dialysis culture. The specific rates both of product formation and growth initially were increased by the diffusional withdrawal of salicylate, but subsequently were reduced to low levels despite continued salicylate removal. Productivity and growth were correlated by the Luedeking-Piret equation in an initial nondialysis period and in the early stages of dialysis fermentation, when specific growth rates exceeded. 005 hr-1. Below this level of growth at later stages of dialysis fermentation, the specific production rate was correlated only with total cell mass by a proportionality constant of .035 hr-1, which was attributed to maintenance metabolism. Maintenance accounted for about 84% of the total salicylate produced, while growth-associated metabolism accounted for the remainder.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120408
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  • 71
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120501
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  • 72
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    Growth models of cultures with two liquid phases: IV. Cell adsorption, drop size distribution, and batch growth (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 713-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this work, a mathematical model which can be used to describe butch growth in fermentations with two liquid phases present is developed for systems in which the growth limiting substrate is dissolved in the dispersed phase. The model takes into account the drop size distribution, the rate of adsorption of cells on the drop surface, the rate of desorption of cells from the drop surface, substrate transport between phases, phase equilibrium, and growth kinetics. The model also considers the effect, of coalescence and redispersion of oil drops in the system. It is assumed that the composition of the dispersed phase is such that substrate utilization from it causes little or no change in the interfacial area. A discrete uniform distribution and a discrete normal distribution which is obtained from an experimental distribution curve are used as drop size distributions. Simulation results are obtained for a wide range of parameter values using the IBM S/360 Continuous System Modeling Program.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120505
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  • 73
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    Diffusion, permeation, or enzyme limitation: A probe for the kinetics of enzyme induction (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 651-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The utilization of an exogenous substrate by enzyme inside a bacterial cell can be limited by diffusion up to the cell, penetration of the cell, diffusion within the cell, and/or attack by internal enzyme. For small molecular weight substrates such as galactosides, and for bacteria such as Escherichia coli the diffusion steps are not rate limiting even with the permeases fully induced and the external concentration of substrate low. In permeaseless organisms with more than about 20 enzyme molecules per cell, permeation of O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside through the membrane is limiting. Thus, a single initiation of transcription of a lactose message suffices to yield enough enzyme molecules to switch an uninduced cell from enzyme limitation to permeability limitation. Subsequent initiations change the cellular activity very little. This transition can be followed by assaying enzyme activity of both intact and lysed cell suspensions. In this way the induction response amongst cells in growing populations at high inducer concentrations has been found to be uniform. It was found that nearly all of the cells from balanced growing culture are immediately inducible even with doubling times as short as 7.6 hrs. At 24 hrs about 1/3 of the cells are inert at any time, but all cells synthesize enzyme within a 3-hour period. At low inducer concentration or in the present of catabolite repressor the rate of initiation is greatly decreased; this leads to a non uniform distribution of enzyme within the cells, which is readily detected by the experimental technique. In addition to developing the kinetics for enzyme contained in cells, the distribution of the enzyme among uninduced bacteria is presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120503
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  • 74
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    Über Phosphorstickstoff-Verbindungen. XXXI. Über neue viergliedrige Ringsysteme mit Stickstoff, Phosphor und Kohlenstoff im Ring (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 285-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A P—N compound XI, formula see „Inhaltsübersicht“, has been prepared containing three interconnected four-membered rings. On chlorination of XI P2(NCH3)2Cl6 is re-formed, besides a further product being very probably compound XII with hexa-coordinated phosphorus.Interaction between the known Cl4P(NCH3)2 CCl2 and NN′-dimethyl urea yields III and another compound, VII, with phosphorous of coordination number six.
    Notes: Durch folgende Reaktion konnte eine Substanz XI hergestellt werden, die drei miteinander verknüpfte viergliedrige Ringe enthält: Bei deer Chlorierung von XI entsteht wieder P2(NCH3)2Cl6 und daneben sehr wahrscheinlich die folgende Verbindung mit Phosphor deer Koordinationszahl 6.Eine weitere Verbindung mit Phosphor deer Koordinationszahl 6 entsteht aus dem schon früher erhaltenen Cl4P(NCH3)2CCl und N,N′-Dimethylharnstoff: Vor allem entsteht aber bei dieser Umsetzung
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720304
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  • 75
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    Mixed Ligand Complexes of Zinc Acetylacetonate with substituted pyridines and quinolines-penta co-ordination (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 332-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Umsetzung von zinkacetylacetonat mit substituierten Pyridinen und Chinolinen wurden elf Neutralkomplexe mit Fünferkoordination, [Zn(acac)2L], dargestellt.
    Notes: Zinc acetylacetonate was reacted in methanolic medium with substituted pyridines and quinolines, and eleven non-electrolytic, pentacoordinated mixed-ligand complexes [Zn(acac)2L] have been isolated and characterised. The infra-red spectra indicate the presence of both acetylacetone and the bonded ligand.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720310
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  • 76
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    Über Polyphosphide des Lanthans und Cers (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 106-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The systems LaP/P and CeP/P were investigated. Polyphosphide phases with the compositions LaP1.6-2.5 (A), LaP3.5-5.3(B), LaP5.8-9.0(C) and LaP6.5-8.9(D), respectively, as well as CeP1.7-2.4 (A′), CeP3.5-6.5(B) CeP6.5-9.0(C) and were found. The phases B and C of lanthanum and cerium are isotypic, but not the phases A and A′. The phases C and D of lanthanum are different modifications with approximately equal homogenity ranges.
    Notes: Es wurden die Systeme LaP/P und CeP/P untersucht. Dabei wurden Polyphosphidphasen der Zusammensetzung LaP1,6-2,5 (A), LaP3,5-5,3 (B) LaP 5,8-9,0 (C) bzw. LaP6,5-8,9 (D), sowie CeP1,7—2,4 (A′), CeP3,5-6,5 (B) und CeP6,5-9,0(C) gefunden. Die Phasen B und C beim Lanthan und Cer sind isotyp, dagegen nicht die Phasen A und A′. Die Phasen C und D beim Lanthan sind verschiedene Modifikationen mit annähernd gleichem Homogenitätsbereich.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720112
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  • 77
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    Die Kristallstrukturen des Kalium-, Rubidium- und Cäsiummethylats (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 206-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The structures of the tetragonally cristallizing compounds RbOCH3 and CsOCH3 have been determinde from X-ray powder diagrams (RbOCH3: a = 4.160, c = 8,704, Å; CsOCH3: a = 4.433, c = 8.576 Å; Z = 2; space group P4/nmm). The compounds are isostructural with KOCH3, forming layer structures with the CH3 groups on both sides of each layer and the cations in the central part, each cation being surrounded by 5 O-atoms in a tetragonal-pyramidal array. The already known structure of KOCH3 has been refined.
    Notes: Die Strukturen der tetragonal kristallisierenden Verbindungen RbOCH3 und CsOCH3 wurden aus ihren Pulverdiagrammen ermittelt (RbOCH3: a = 4,160, c = 8,704, Å; CsOCH3: a = 4,433, c = 8,576 Å: Z = 2; Raumgruppe P4/nmm).Die Verbindungen gehören zum Strukturtyp des KOCH3 und bilden Schichtgitter, wobei die CH3-Gruppen auf den Schichtaußenseiten liegen und die Kationen im Schichtinneren tetragonal-pyramidal von 5 O-Atomen umgeben sind. Die bereits bekannte Struktur des KOCH3 wurde verfeinert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720212
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  • 78
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    Über Phosphorstickstoff-Verbindungen XXVIII. Über Reaktionen von Cyanamid, Dicyanimid und Dicyandiamid mit PCl5 (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 233-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Interaction between cyanamide and PCl5 in the mole ratio 1:3 yields the phosphazenium salt [Cl3P=N—C(Cl)=N—PCl3] [PCl6]. The reaction of sodium dicyanimide and PCl5 gives 1. 1. 3. 5-tetrachloro-1-phospha-2. 4. 6-triazine (compound B in „Inhaltsübersicht“). Dicyandiamide and PCl5 (1:2) give compound C and, at milder conditions the salt-like phosphatriazine D. Solvolysis of C with formic acid or of D with sulphur dioxide yields E.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung zwischen Cyanamid und PCl5 im Molverhältnis 1 : 3 entsteht das Phosphazeniumsalz A: [Cl3P=N—C(Cl)=N—PCl3] [PCl6]. Die Reaktion zwischen Natriumdicyanimid und PC15 ergibt das 1. 1. 3. 5-Tetrachlor-1-phospha-2. 4. 6-triazin B. Läßt man Dicyandiamid mit PC15 im Molverhältnis 1:2 reagieren, so erhält man das 1. 3. 5-Trichlor-1-trichlorphosphazo-1-phospha-2.4.6-triazin C und unter milderen Bedingungen das salzartige Phosphatriazin D. Die Solvolyse von C mit Ameisensäure oder D mit Schwefeldioxid führt zum in der Seitenkette phosphorylierten Phosphatriazin E.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720215
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  • 79
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    Über die Isolierung von Lithiumhexamethylozirkonat(IV) Li2[Zr(CH3)6] (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 292-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: ZrCl4 reacts with LiCH3 at molar ratios 1 :〉6 in diethylether/toluene mixtures at about -40°C to from Li2[Zr((CH3)6]. After removal of the solvents the complex compound can be separated from the ether-free residue by redissolving it in toluene. Evaporation of the toluene at -23°C yields yellow, crystalline Li2[Zr(CH3)6].
    Notes: Die Umsetzung von ZrCl4 mit LiCH3 in Äther-Toluol-Gemischen führt bei einer Temperatur um -40°C und Molverhältnissen 1:〉6 zur Bildung von Lithiumhexamethylozirkonat(IV) Li2[Zr(CH3)6]. Die Komplexverbindung läßt sich mit Toluol aus den zur Trockne gebrachten, ätherfreien Reaktionsansätzen herauslösen und wird nach Abziehen des Toluols bei -23°C als gelbe, kristalline Verbindung erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720305
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  • 80
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    Schmelzwärmen von III/V-, IV/V- und V/VI-Verbindungen (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 314-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The enthalpies of melting of GaSb, InSb, InBi, Bi2Tl, SnAs, GeAs, GeAs2 Bi2Se3, Sb2Se3, As2Se3 were determined in a drop-calorimeter. The experimental values lead to the conclusion, that by their behaviour on melting one may define three types of melting in these compounds. 1Transition of an ordered crystal with covalent bonds to a metallic melt with statistical distribution of atoms.2Transition of a crystal with layer or chain structure to a melt with molecule formation and a high degree of short-range order.3Transition of an ordered metal-crystal to a melt with metallic character and statistical distribution of atoms.These different types were confirmed by the different dependence of the enthalpy of melting from the width of the forbidden gap.
    Notes: Aus den „drop-calorimetrisch“ bestimmten Schmelzenthalpien und den daraus berechneten Schmelzentropien von GaSb, InSb, InBi, Bi2Tl, SnAs, GeAs, GeAs2, Bi2Se3, As2Te3 und As2Se3 lassen sich drei Klassen von Schmelzvorgängen ableiten: 1Der Übergang von einem geordneten Festkörper mit kovalenten Bindungen in eine Schmelze mit metallischem Charakter und statistischer Verteilung der Atome.2Der Übergang von einem Festkörper mit Schicht- bzw. Kettenstruktur in eine Schmelze mit molekülähnlichen Nahordnungszuständen.3Der Übergang von einem geordneten Festkörper mit vorwiegend metallischem Charakter in eine metallische Schmelze mit statistischer Verteilung der Atome.Diese Einteilung wird durch die unterschiedliche Abhängigkeit der Schmelzenthalpien von der Breite der verbotenen Zone bekräftigt.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720308
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    Masthead (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 373 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703730101
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  • 82
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    Untersuchungen an Tetrachloroferraten(III) (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Information on physical and chemical properties, especially on the structure and chemical bonding of M[FeCl4]-complexes has been obtained by measurements of the optical absorption, the MÖSSBAUER effect and EPR. (M stands for a monovalent cation.) The iron(III) chlorocomplex compounds Ag[FeCl4], Rb[FeCl4] and Li[FeCl4] have been proved to exist within the systems MCl—FeCl3 by measurements of optical spectra and EPR.
    Notes: Durch optische Absorptionsmessungen, MÖSSBAUER- und EPR-Untersuchungen werden Ergebnisse über die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften, die Struktur und die Bindungsverhältnisse in M[FeCl4]-Komplexen erhalten. Bei diesen Untersuchungen konnten die Komplexverbindungen Ag[FeCl4], Rb[FeCl4] und Li[FeCl4] mittels einer EPR-Methode bzw. optischer Absorptionsmessungen nachgewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720102
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  • 83
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    Bildung siliciumorganischer Verbindungen. XXXI. Synthese des Brme2Si—CH2—Sime2—C≡C—Sime2—CH2-Sime2Br und dessen Abbau mit HBr (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The synthesis of C6H5me2Si—CH2—Sime2—C≡C—Sime2—CH2—Sime2C6H5 (a) is described, which forms Brme2Si—CH2—Sime2—C≡C—Sime2—CH2-Sime2Br(b) with HBr. The reaction of (b) with HBr (1-4 moles at -78°C) yields Brme2Si—CH2—Sime2Br, as well as 1,2-dibromo-ethane (main products) and Brme2Si—CH2/—Sime2CH = CHBr, Brme2Si—CH2—Sime2CH2—CHBr2.
    Notes: Es wird die Synthese des C6H5me2Si—CH2—Sime2—C≡C—Sime2—CH2—Sime2C6H52 (a) beschrieben, das mit HBr Brme2Si—CH2—Sime2—C≡C—Sime2—CH2—Sime2Br(b) bildet. Der Abbau von (b) mit HBr (1-4 Mol bei -78°C) führt zu Brme2Si—CH2—Sime2Br, sowie 1,2-Dibromäthan (Hauptprodukte) und Brme2Si—CH2—Sime2—CH≡CHBr, Brme2Si—CH2—Sime2—CH2—CHBr2.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720106
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  • 84
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    Elektrolytische Reduktion von TiCl4 in MethanolVorbericht: Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 368, (1969) (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By electrolytical reduction of solutions of TiCl4 in methanol blue solutions of TiCl3 were obtained from which the crystalline adducts TiCl3 · 4 CH3OH and TiCl3 · 5 CH3OH were isolated. These solids were used as starting material for the preparation of other TiCl3 complexes. By exchange of ligands blue TiCl3 · 3 DMF was obtained which in vacuo could be thermally decomposed to green TiCl3 · 2 DMF. The thermal decomposition of TiCl3 · 3 THF was newly studied. Magnetic susceptibilities, infrared and electron spectra were measured.
    Notes: Durch elektrolytische Reduktion von TiCl4 in Methanol wurden blaue TiCl3-Lösungen erhalten, aus denen die kristallinen Addukte TiCl3 · 4 CH3OH und TiCl3 · 5 CH3OH isoliert werden konnten. Diese dienten als Ausgangsmaterial zur Präparation anderer TiCl3-Komplexe. Durch Ligandenaustausch wurde blaues TiCl3 · 3 DMF erhalten, das sich im Vakuum thermisch zu grünem TiCl3 · 2 DMF abbauen ließ (DMF = Dimethylformamid). Der thermische Abbau von TiCl3 · 3 THF wurde neu untersucht. Magnetische Suszeptibilitäten, Infrarot- und Elektronenspektren wurden gemessen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720109
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    Elektronenspektren und Bindungsverhältnisse in den Ionen PS43-, AsS43-, und SbS43- (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 113-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The electronic absorption spectra of the ions PS43-, AsS43- and SbS43- have been measured in aqueous solution. The transitions are assigned and discussed, using a simple MO diagram.
    Notes: Es wurden die Elektronenspektren von PS43-, AsS43- und SbS43- in wäßriger Lösung gemessen. Alle Ionen weisen unterhalb von 54 kK lediglich eine starke Bande auf. Die Banden werden an Hand eines stark vereinfachten MO-Schemas zugeordnet. Es läßt sich zeigen, daß bei den oben erwähnten Ionen praktisch keine π-Bindungen vorliegen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720202
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    Bildung siliciumorganischer Verbindungen. XXXVorbericht: Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 368, 337 (1969).. Metallorganische Synthese cyclischer Carbosilane (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 21-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper contains: 1The synthesis of the 1.3-disilacyclopentenes (a)(b)(2) and of the 1.3-disilacyclo-butane (c); formulas see above.2The synthesis of the 1.3-disilacyclopentane skeleton (d) and of the SiCl-functional derivatives (e) (f ) (g) (h) (i) as well as of SiH-containing derivatives, e.g. (j).3The chlorination of (i) with SO2,Cl2, yielding (k) and (l), and the formation of (m) from (k) with K-methypyrrolidine.4The synthesis of the spirane (n).5The synthesis of the ten-membered ring(o) and of the unsaturated derivatives (p)and (q). Besides the synthetic routes, spectroscopic data (ir, pmr, and mass spectra) of the cyclic compounds as well as of the intermediate products are given.
    Notes: Es wird berichtet über: 1Die Synthese der 1,3-disilacyclopentene (a) (b)2 und des 1,3-disila-cyclobutans (c) 2Die Synthese des 1,3-Disilacyclopentan-Gerüstes (d) und der SiCl-funktionellen Derivate (e)(f)(g)(h)(i)sowie der SiH haltigen Derivate, z. B. (j) 3Die Chlorierung von (i) mit SO2Cl2 zu (k) und (1) und die Bildung ron (m) aus (k) mit K-Methylpyrrolidin 4Die Synthese des Spirans (n) 5Die Synthese des 10-Ringes (o) und der nngesattigten Derivate (p) und (q). SeFen den Synthesewegen werden spelitroskopische Daten und PMR-Spektren der cyclischen Verhindungen sou ie der Zwischenprodukte angegeben.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720105
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  • 87
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    Zur Kenntnis der Disilicide der Erdalkalimetalle (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The crystal structures of BaSi2, SrSi2 and of a new modification of CaSi2 are described. The Si arrangements in these structures are discussed. There are Si4 tetrahedrons in BaSi2, a Sin threedimensional framework in SrSi2 and twodimensional corrugated sheets of Si hexagons in CaSi2.
    Notes: Die Kristallstrukturen von BaSi2 und SrSi2 werden beschrieben. Von CaSi2 wurde eine neue Modifikation aufgefunden. Die in den 3 Phasen nachgewiesenen Si-Verbände (Si4-Tetraeder im BaSi2, Sin-Raumnetzgerüst im SrSi2 und Sin-Schichten im CaSi2) werden vergleichend diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720110
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  • 88
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    Zur Darstellung des Natriumbromits und bromitfreier HypobromitlösungenVorbericht: Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 363, 321. (1968) (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sodium bromite may be prepared by dismutation of hypobromite solution produced by the addition of bromine to concentrated caustic soda at 0 °C, the hypobromite being destroyed after the maximum bromite concentration has been reached. Using bromine water or bromine vapour diluted by nitrogen at low temperatures, it is possible to prepare bromite-free hypobromite solutions.
    Notes: Eine aus Brom und Natronlauge hergestellte Natriumhypobromitlösung wird zur Darstellung des Natriumbromits durch Disproportionierung benutzt. Das im Maximum der Bromitkonzentration vorhandene Hypobromit muß zerstört werden.Mit Bromwasser oder stickstoffverdünnten Bromdämpfen kann bei niedrigen Temperaturen eine bromitfreie Hypobromitlösung hergestellt werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720204
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Stabilitätskonstanten der Kupferkomplexe von Acetessigsäureamiden. I (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 134-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The stability constants of the copper complexes of acetoacetdialkylamides and substituted acetoacetanilides have been determined by potentiometric pH-measurements. The variation of stability constants with phenyl substituents is interpreted.
    Notes: Die Stabilitätskonstanten der Kupferchelate von Acetessigsäuredialkylamiden und substituierten Acetessigsäureaniliden wurden durch potentiometrische Bestimmung der Wasserstoffionenkonzentration ermittelt. Der Einfluß der Substituenten am Phenylring auf die Stabilität der Komplexe wird durch induktive, mesomere und sterische Effekte erklärt. Die größere Stabilität der Kupferkomplexe mit Acetessigsäuredialkylamiden wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß die Resonanz des Chelatringsystems nicht wie bei den Acetessigsäureaniliden durch ein zweites Resonanzsystem gestört wird.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720205
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Chemische Beeinflussung mechanisch aktivierter Reaktionen. III. Zum Mechanismus der tribomechanisch aktivierten Metallcarbonylbildung unter Einfluß schwefelhaltiger Substanzen (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 162-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of sulphur containing substances on the formation of iron, molybdenum and nickel carbonyl has been investigated. Under tribomechanical treatment, these reactions proceed already at normal conditions, sulphur and S-containing compounds catalysing the carbonylisation. This sensibilisation effect is due according to kinetical and thermodynamical measurements- to the formation of S-containing intermediates, lowering the apparent activation energy of the nickel carbonyl formation from 13.1 to 6.4 kcals/mole. The influence of H2S on the carbonylisation of industrial products was studied.
    Notes: Es wurde der Einfluß schwefelhaltiger Substanzen auf die Bildung von Eisen-, Molybdän- und Nickelcarbonyl untersucht. Unter Bedingungen der tribomechanischen Bearbeitung verlaufen diese Reaktionen bereits unter Normalbedingungen, wobei Schwefel und schwefelhaltige Verbindungen die Carbonylisierung dor Metalle katalytisch beschleunigen. Nach kinetischen und thermodynamischen Messungen beruht der sensibilisierende Effekt auf der Bildung von schwefelhaltigen Zwischenverbindungen, unter deren Mitwirkung für die Nickelcarbonylbildung die scheinbare Aktivierungsenergie der Reaktion von 13,1 auf 6,4 kcal/mol sinkt. Der sensibilisierende Einfluß von H2S auf die Carbonylisierung technischer Produkte wurde untersucht.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720208
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  • 91
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    Über Phosphazene, XXVII. P-Alkoxy- und -Aroxy-diphospha-s-triazine (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 214-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chlorofunctional diphosphatriazines may be converted in high yields to their alkoxy and aroxy derivatives if proton transfer is thoroughly avoided, otherwise the heterocyclus is split by alkoholysis. 1H- and 31P - NMR shifts and coupling constants of the di-, tri-and tetraalkoxy-diphosphatriazines obtained are discussed and prove their structure.
    Notes: Chlorfunktionelle Diphosphatriazine lassen sich glatt in die Alkoxy- und Aroxyderivate überführen sofern eine Protonierung sorgsam vermieden wird, andernfalls wird der Ring alkoholytisch gespalten. 1H- und 31P - NMR-Verschiebungen und -Kopplungen der erhaltenen Di-, Tri- und Tetraalkoxy-diphosphatiazine werden diskutiert und belegen deren Struktur.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720213
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Über Halogenphenylester der Phosphorsäure (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 252-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A simple method for preparing halogenphenylesters of phosphoric, phenylphosphonic and phosphorous acid from the respective acid chlorides and phenols in the presence of various nitrogen-containing catalysts is described. Contrary to other methods, these reactions give high yields, despite of steric hindrance.
    Notes: Eine einfache Methode zur Herstellung von Halogenphenylestern der Phosphorsäure Phenylphosphorsäure und phosphorigen Säure aus deren Säurechloriden und Phenolen in Gegenwart von verschieden stickstoffhaltigen Katalysatoren wird beschrieben. Die Reaktion führt trotz sterischer Hinderung im Gegensatz zu anderen Verfahren zu sehr hohen Ausbeuten.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720217
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  • 93
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    Über Phosphorstickstoffverbindungen. XXIX. Reaktionen von Diphenyltrichlorphosphoran mit Stickstoff enthaltenden Verbindungen (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction of diphenyltrichlorophosphorane with amides leads to (C6H5)2P(Cl)=N-acyl compounds, whereas with amines salt-like compounds, [(C6H5)2P(Cl)—NHR]Cl, are formed.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von Diphenyltrichlorphosphoran mit Amiden führt zu (C6H5)2P(Cl)=N-Acylverbindungen, die sich zu den entsprechenden Säuren hydrolysieren lassen, während mit Aminen die salzartigen Verbindungen [(C6H5)2P(Cl)—NHR]Cl entstehen, die nur zum Teil in ein Phosphinimin (C6H5)2P(Cl)=NR übergehen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720302
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  • 94
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    Über die Chemie der Oberfläche des Titandioxids. IV. Austausch von Hydroxidionen gegen Fluoridionen (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 308-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On reaction of anatase of high surface area with NaF solutions, OH groups of the TiO2 surface were replaced by F-. Only half the surface OH groups were exchanged in unbuffered solutions or at a pH at or slightly above the zero point of charge (pH 6.6). These are the OH groups exhibiting basic character. The remaining OH groups of acidic character exchange H+ for Na+ concurrently. They too, are replaced by fluorine in more acidic solutions (pH 4.6).
    Notes: Feinteiliger Anatas wurde mit NaF-Lösungen umgesetzt. Dabei werden OH-Gruppen der TiO2-Oberfläche durch F- ersetzt. In ungepufferter Lösung oder bei pH-Werten am oder wenig über dem isoelektrischen Punkt (pH 6,6) wird nur die Hälfte der vorhandenen OH-Gruppen. Zugleich tauschen die übrigen, sauren OH-Gruppen H+ -Ionen gegen Na+ aus. In stärker saurem Milieu (pH 4,6) werden auch die sauren OH-Gruppen durch Fluor ersetzt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720307
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis Ternärer Disilicide der Erdalkalimetalle (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 372 (1970), S. 325-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The ternary disilicides of group-II elements Ca1-xSrxSi2 und Sr1-xBaxSi2 are prepared and crystallographically investigated. In the quasibinary system CaSi2—SrSi2 the structures of the Ca-rich phases can be described as stacks of twodimensional corrugated sheets of Si hexagons. The phases Sr1-xBaxSi2 with X = 0.2 to X = 1.0 crystallize in the structure type of BaSi2 with isolated Si4 tetrahedrons. There in no miscibility between CaSi2 and BaSi2 in the solid phase.
    Notes: Die ternären Erdalkalidisilicide der Stöchiometrie Ca1-xSrxSi2 und Sr1-xBaxSi2 wurden dargestellt und röntgenographisch charakterisiert. Im quasibinären Schnitt CaSi2—SrSi2 wurden im Ca-reichen Teil Phasen erhalten, deren Strukturen sich als Stapelvarianten mit zweidimensionalen, gewellten Si-Sechsecknetzen erwiesen. Im System Sr1-xBaxSi2 tritt der Strukturtyp des BaSi2 mit isolierten Si4-Tetraedern von x = 0,2 bis x = 1,0 auf. Der quasibinäre Schnitt BaSi2—CaSi2 entspricht dem Zustandsdiagramm eines Zweistoffsystems ohne Mischkristallbildung.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703720309
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Anodisches Verhalten von Phosphor-und Arsenorganoverbindungen (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 373 (1970), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The anodic behaviour of tertiary phosphines and arsines, secundary phosphines and compounds with P—P bonds was investigated by voltammetric and polarographic methods using a carbon paste electrode (CPE).
    Notes: Das anodische Verhalten von tertiären sowie sekundären Phosphinen, tertiären Arsinen und Verbindungen mit P—P-Bindungen wurde sowohl polarographisch als auch voltammetrisch mit einer Kohlenstoffpasteelektrode untersucht.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703730102
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Kinetik der thermischen Dissoziation von Nickel-, Kupfer- und Zinksulfat (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 375 (1970), S. 128-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The rates of decomposition and the energies of activation were determined for the thermal dissociation of NiSO4, CuSO4, Cu2(SO4)O, ZnSO4and Zn3(SO4)2O. Linear, parabolic and logarithmic rate laws were found. Kinetics are largely determined by the rate of energy transfer. The reasons for the formation of basic sulfate intermediates are discussed.
    Notes: Zersetzungsgeschwindigkeit und Aktivierungsenergie der thermischen Dissoziation von NiSO4, CuSO4, Cu2(SO4)O, ZnSO4 und Zn3(SO4)2O wurden bestimmt. Es wurden lineare, Wurzel- und logarithmische Zeitgesetze gefunden. Die Energieübertragung hat wesentlichen Einfluß auf die Kinetik. Die Ursachen des Auftretens basischer Sulfate als Zwischenprodukte der thermischen Dissoziation werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703750203
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  • 98
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    Beiträge zur Chemie der Silicium - Stickstoff-Verbindungen. XC. Reaktionen des Lithium-bis(trichlorsilyl)amids mit rein anorganischen Halogensilanen (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 375 (1970), S. 157-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Lithium bis(trichlorosilyl)amide decomposes in the presence of silicon tetrachloride, tetrabromide, iodotrichloride or germanium tetrachloride, giving only decachloro-N,N′-bis(silyl)-cyclodi(silaz)ane. With iodosilane it reacts to bis(trichlorosilyl)-silyl-amine. With silicon tetrafluoride the product of reaction is bis(trichlorosilyl)-trifluorosilyl-amine. The latter compound rearranges already during its formation to give a nonseparable mixture with trichlorosilyl-dichlorosilyl-chlorodifluorosilyl-amine and tris(dichlorofluorosilyl)amine.
    Notes: Lithium-bis(trichlorsilyl)amid reagiert in Gegenwart von Siliciumtetrachlorid, -tetrabromid, -jodidtrichlorid oder Germaniumtetrachlorid nur unter Selbstzerfall zu Dekachlor-N,N′-bis(silyl)-cyclo-di(silaz)an, dagegen mit Jodsilan zu Bis-(trichlorsilyl)-silyl-amin und mit Siliciumtetrafluorid zu Bis(trichlorsilyl)-trifluorsilyl-amin. Dieses dismutiert jedoch noch während der Bildung teilweise zu einem nicht trennbaren Gemisch mit Trichlorsilyl-dichlorfluorsilyl-chlordifluorsilyl-amin und Tris(dichlorfluorsilyl)amin.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703750206
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  • 99
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    Über Die Systeme CaO/PdO und SrO/PdO (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 375 (1970), S. 209-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Hitherto unknown black SrPd3O4 [cubic, a = 5.826 Å, NaPt3O4-type] and brown Sr2PdO3 [according to X-ray powder patterns orthorhombic, D2h25—Immm; a = 3.977, b = 3.530, c = 12.82 Å] are prepared. Older informations about CaPd3O4 are confirmed.
    Notes: Neu dargestellt wurde schwarzes SrPd3O4 [kubisch, a = 5,826 Å, NaPt3O4-Typ] sowie braunes Sr2PdO3 [nach Pulverdaten orthorhombisch, vermutlich D2h25—Immm, a = 3,977 Å, b = 3,530 Å, c = 12,82 Å]. Ältere Angaben über CaPd3O4 werden bestätigt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703750301
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  • 100
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    Über Chalkogenocarbonate. XL. Untersuchungen über Dithiocarbamidsäure SC(SH)(NH2) 4. Reaktionen von Dithiocarbamaten mit Oxalylchlorid (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 375 (1970), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-Thioxo-1,3-thiazolidine-4,5-dione and some derivatives of this compound have been prepared by interaction of dithiocarbamic acid and N-substituted dithiocarbamates with oxalychloride (formula see „Inhaltsübersicht“).The chemical and physical properties of this new class of compounds are described.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von Dithiocarbamidsäure bzw. von N-substituierten Dithiocarbamaten mit Oxalylchlorid wurde 2-Thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4,5-dion bzw. Derivate dieser Verbindung hergestellt: Die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften dieser neuen Verbindungsklasse werden mitgeteilt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19703750303
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