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  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (113)
  • 1915-1919
  • 1982  (60)
  • 1981  (53)
  • Life Sciences
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 116-116 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Catabolic pathways of long-chain n-alkanes in the range of C8 to C18 are demonstrated and results of investigation about the regulation of monoterminal oxidation are given: - Enzymes of monoterminal alkane oxidation usually are inducible- Several intermediates of alkane oxidation can inhibit the primary oxidation of concerned alkane-Substances, e.g. glucose and glycerol, which ordinary don't be developed in catabolic alkane reactions, in many cases have an inhibitory effect on alkane oxidationThe regulation of catabolic pathways has a great influence on the formation of specific products This influence is demonstrated examplarily at the production of biotin, fatty acids and citric acid.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Most mathematical models for describing the physiological state in fermentations lead to solutions of the so-called “stiff differential systems” during simulation on a digital computerThere is no suitable conventional software for solving these systemsAs a result of a relatively extensive screening of suitable methods for the solution of “stiff” differential systems (about 200 methods) it may be concluded that the semiimplicit RUNGE-KUTTA-formulas of the ROSENBROCK type, which constitute a part of the collection of programmes STIFFSOLVER-80, are optimal for the simulation of fermentation processesFor determining kinetic parameters from integral data the authors use the system of programmes BIOKINTheir practical application is discussed for 3 examples: 1Growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and changes in the content of specific compounds (proteins and ergosterol)2Quantitative evaluation of “;direct oxygen transfer” in the submerged culture.3Biosynthesis of a new antibiotic substance mucidin.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper considers techniques of measurement of the curves of oxygen consumption by microorganisms. The widely applied method of obtaining the value of the critical oxygen concentration (COC) using these curves has been analysed. The experimental conditions necessary for the adequate measurement of the culture respiration rate in a fermenter have been found. It has been shown that in the case when the respiration rate within the considered range of pO2 is determined by one and the same enzyme, the COC value is not an apropriate characteristic of the mode of the respiration rate dependence on oxygen concentration.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 43-50 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Floc formation, especially the influence of floe diameter variations on the total velocity of the process, was investigated in aerobic growth processes of yeast on the hydrocarbons of crude oil.The experimental results show that the diameter of the flocs is a function of the rheological properties of the fluids and the flow conditions.The floc diameter varies between 0,1 mm and a few millimeters. About 90% of the total yeast cells are situated in the interior of the flocs.Since oxygen must be transferred to all yeast cells their oxygen supply was studied.Thus, the yeast cells in the floc interior were not sufficiently supplied with oxygen, if the floc diameter reached a critical value.In such cases a decrease of the biomass formation rate was observed, although the dissolved oxygen concentration of the aquaeous fermentation medium was greater than zero. Therefore, aerobic microbial growth processes in multicomponent systems must be carried out without floc formation or under such conditions as cause very small floc diameters.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 59-71 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: There are described possibilities of scale up in stirred tank fermenters being based on known relations of mass-, energy-and heat transfer. The represented mathematical description shows the problems of the necessary scale up in the practice with the theory of similarity in the stirred tank fermenter. Relating on the method of RUSHTON for calculation of the energy capacity in different stirred fermenters the influence of the aeration is examined and confirmed with experimental results of the author. By the sysem of equations the known parameters of the aerobic fermenters can be calculated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 73-77 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The aim of the technological treatment of microbial processes is the optimal working of the production plant. The treatment itself is to be seen as a process whose realization requires a certain amount of expenditure. The problem of optimization of this process can with certain restictions be approximately solved in a series of steps. After a general formulation of the problem explanations are given for two important and typical steps - the determination of the extend of modelling and the choice of production cultures.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 79-85 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: L-lysine synthesis pathway enzyme activities: β-aspartate kinase (EC.2.7.2.4), diaminopimelate decarboxylase (EC.4.1.1.20) for two L-lysine producing strains Brevibacterium flavum 22LD and RC-115 were studied. It has been found that β-aspartate kinase and diaminopimelate decarboxylase in the Br. flavum RC-115 are less sensitive to feed-back inhibition by lysine and threonine. It is supposed that desensitized β-aspartate kinase in the Br. flavum RC-115 can be determined by genetical changes of the regulatory properties of the β-aspartate kinase.Auxotrophity in the locus of homoserine dehydrogenase was tested and no homoserine dehydrogenase (EC.1.1.1.3) activity was found in either strain.The combination of these both types of mutation supplemented by the lack of catabolic repression in the RC-115 strain makes it an active lysine producer in the medium with high carbohydrates content.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growing conditions have been found out for the bacterium Arthrobacter GJM-I to produce a lytic enzyme system, which converts cells of the yeast Candida spec. H to protoplasts quickly and in a good yield. Estimating the activities of α-mannanase and β-glucanase we found out the optimal culture time to gain the lytic enzyme system from the culture filtrate. It was shown that radioactive labeling of the yeast cells makes it possible to estimate quantitatively the conversion to protoplasts and the simultaneous lysis. The obtained lytic enzyme system can substitute the snail cnzyme system which was used for cell conversion of Candida spec. H to protoplasts till now.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 103-106 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The reaction between glucose and methylene blue, catalyzed by glucose oxidase (GOD)was analysed calorimetrically.The amount of heat produced under saturating methylene blue concentrations ( 〉 10-2 mol/1)was measured with glucose concentration and time as parameters (kinetic procedure) Kinetic constants (pseudo one substrate kinetics) were derived from the experimental data: KM(glucose)= 1.18 × 10-3 mol/l and Vmax = 0.085 J/mg GOD min (3.89 · 10-6 mol/mg GOD min)Comparison of caloric with optical measurements gave an enthalpy of reaction of 22.52 kJ/mol. Considering the observed substrate inhibition, glucose determinations are possible up to glucose concentrations of 0.1 mol/l.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 199-204 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The advantages of the Autoselect-system are explained. They are offered by a higher speed of all manipulations, by a significantly better accuracy, by getting more informations and by easier physical labour. In the most cases the automated work can be done in a fourth till a tenth of the time needed for manual handlings. The capacity of the machines amounts 5 000 to 30 000 colonies/samples per day. Special problems as well as possibilities for a further increase of the efficiency are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Supreme Court of the US in 1980 granted a patent for a strain of Pseudomonas containing two plasmides after genetic manipulation. This is the first case of patenting a living organism. Whereas the patent law of US and of many other countries further more on supports the principle that natural products are not patentable man-made microorganisms on the other hand fullfil very important crucials of patentability as far as they are new, unobvious, reproducible and useful. The situation arising as the result of this decision is described and the implications and consequenses for the patent law, the taxonomy and the general biological thought are discussed.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 226-226 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 213-225 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of assimilation of hydrocarbons having a different structure by Candida yeasts was studied.The rates of oxidation of various carbon atoms in the molecules of isoalkanes, alkylaromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanes were evaluated in the range of C11 to C28.Metabolic inhomogeneity of carbon atoms in the molecules of isolakanes and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons was observed. A competition in the assimilation of the called hydrocarbons and n-alkanes and also a competition in the assimilation of n-alkanes of a different molecular weight, i.e. metabolic inhomogeneity of carbon atoms of n-dodecane and n-tetracosane was found out for yeasts.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Understanding both the qualitative and quantitative transient responses to inlet flow and substrate step functions has been a relatively unsolved problem for continuous fermentation processes. This study of transient responses and simple descriptive models suggests that the saturation constant of the MONOD equation is a variable. Thatf variable depends on the rate constants of parallel biochemical pathways leading to cell growth, the concentration of cells themselves, and the concentration of all products in the culture. Mechanisms for describing the hysteresis behavior of the growth rate funcion are postulated in terms of the underlying molecular biology of the microbial system.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 299-302 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The empirical determined constant of 3.14 gram biomass per available electron is a good base for the calculation of minimum substrate consumption coefficients in the aerobic fermentation of paraffins by yeasts.The analysis of experimental determined specific substrate consumption coefficients and their comparison with the corresponding theoretical values show that the theoretical ones can be reached only if the substrate composition referring to carbon and hydrogen is of optimal composition for all syntheses.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 359-368 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The biochemical functions of Polyribonucleotide phosphorylase (PNP-ase; EC 2.7.7.8) has been studiedThe present work was aimed at studying the interrelation between PNP-ase biosynthesis and RNA content of E. coli cells under various conditions of bacterial growth, obtaining the biomass of E. coli with high PNP-ase activity as well as to study the possibility of secondary cultivation of E. coli cells for obtaining polyribonucleotides from nucleoside-5′-diphosphatesThe spcific PNP-ase activity increases at secondary cultivation, when the medium contains ribonucleoside-5′-diphosphates. Besides one may observe an extracellular polycondensation of nucleoside-5′-diphosphatesIt may be presumed that the PNP-ase is a multifunctional enzyme whose biological role may be confined to regulating the energetic processes connected with the metabolism of glucose, nucleosidephosphates and orthophosphate in the cells of E. coli.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 3-41 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this review the state of the art in animal cell technology, using suspension culture techniques is updated as far as the end of 1980. We have tried to discuss, on a broad basis, the current status and potential developments of both, the purely biological and the biochemical engineering aspects which may be important to improve the performance and design of animal cell technologies. The process economics could be considerably improved by the use of transformed animal cell substrates, the use of cheaper cultivation media and by methodological and engineering means. Most of these aspects are in the state of realization. Nevertheless, for a great variety of biological active substances which do not require so - or posttranslational processing, recombinant DNA-techniques (e.g. genetic engineering) are a promising alternative for the production of animal cell derived substances.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 72-72 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The removal of the content of nucleic acids of fodder yeast (Candida utilis) by treatment with HCl or heat shock was investigatedAcid concentrations between 5 and 15% (on dried matter basis) were used. A maximal removal of the content of nucleic acids of 88% was realized wheńn was worked with 15% HCl, 90 °C during 30 minutes. But under this conditions were observed high demanges of protein and also of some essential amino acidsGood results for diminishing the content of nucleic acids were reached with the highest concentration of acid and a treatment during 20 minutesThe experiments with heat shock were carried out at 68 °C, different times for heating and different contents of yeastIn this way better results than for treatment with acid according to diminishing the content of nucleic acids and yield of protein and essential amino acids were reachedA removal of over 80% of the content of nucleic acids was achieved in all cases.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 179-185 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellobiose, an important intermediate of the decomposition of cellulose containing materials, with immobilized β-glucosidase preparations from Geotrichium candidum, Trichoderma lignorum and Aspergillus foetidus was examinedAt first it was the aim to prepare from differently purified samples with different specific cellobiase activities high active preparations on the basis of the inorganic carrier Silochrom S-80. Characteristics e.g. thermal stability and temperature and pH optimum of immobilized preparations were compared with those of soluble preparationsKinetics of cellobiose hydrolysis by immobilized enzyme preparations were studied.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the laboratory scale fermentation the substitution of peanutmeal by a hydrolysate of Penicillium mycelium in the culture medium for production of L-Lysine with Brevibacterium flavum CB has been testet. The mycelium hydrolysate contains Penicillin and degradation products of Penicillin; therfor the influence of these substances to production of L-Lysine has been investigated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The knowledge of surface area of microbial biomasses is necessary in connection to mass-transfer processes for instance extraction process. The method of BRUNAUER, EMMETT and TELLER (BET) based on adsorption processes was adapted to determination of surface area of samples of dry yeast. Comparative investigations and error estimations show the possibility of application and the evidence of this method.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Prolidase, a specific exopeptidase, is isolated from Escherichia coli B. The enzyme being present in the raw extract is purified and enriched by fractionated ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A 50 as well as by gel filtration on Sepharose 4 B. Total yield of prolidase amounts to 19% with a 67fold enrichmentSubstrate specifity of the enzyme mainly corresponds to that of the animal prolidase. It is able to hydrolize the imido linkage at the N-terminal end of prolin in the case of di- and tripeptides. The temperature optimum of prolidase from E. coli B is 37 °C, the pH-optimum from pH 7.6 to 9.0. Storage stability at pH 8.6 and a temperature of 4 °C is optimal. The enzyme is only active in presence of Mn2+-ions. This metal cannot be replaced by Mg2-- or Zn2+-ionsA high enzyme activity and storage stability in presence of Mn2+-ions can be reached by immobilization of the prolidase, by covalent binding on Sepharose 6 B, adsorption on DEAE-Sephadex as well as by combination with glutar dialdehyde on DEAE-Sephadex.
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  • 28
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 171-177 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: After exhaustion of the N-sources the yeast S.l. excretes citric and isocitric acid with high rates without interferring in the postlogarithmic phase the intracellular production of reserve materials like polysaccharides and especially lipids. The synthesis of citric acids and of reserve materials are therefore autonomically proceeding processes inside of the cellsWith increasing lipid content the ergosterol content increasesThe utilization of the ergosterol rich yeasts as valuable byproduct of the citric acid production is discussed.
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  • 29
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 186-186 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 30
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 192-192 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 31
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Starting from cotton linters cellulose modified in physical structure type of lattice, degree of order, state of swelling by different pretreatments, and from culture filtrates of Gliocladium spec., the initial stage of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose has been investigated. Especially with substrates of high degradability a considerable effect of stirring on rate of formation of soluble products was found. For linerization of yield-vs-time-curves (% residue resp. 7percnt; solubles as a criterion for yield), a 2-parameatric first order rate law was found to be suitable within a limited time interval, values of k1 were higher and for the accessible part of the substrate were lower in the initial stage of hydrolysis than in the later one. The MICHAELIS-MENTEN-constant kM has been determined for substrates of different physical structure after different times of reaction. Data found for kM indicated a stronger dependence of kM on reaction time than on physical structure of the substrate under conditions applied.
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  • 32
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 33
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 34
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 307-315 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thirteen isolates ofZymomonas were analyzed for their ability to tolerate increasing concentrations of glucose and ethanol. In medium containing 5.0% (v/v) ethanol, four isolates grew well in 15.0% (w/v) glucose. Six cultures tolerated at least 6,0% ethanol. Of all the isolates, 7 preferred glucose and 4 preferred sucrose as a sugar substrate. In a nutrient medium containing mineral salts and high concentrations of pantothenate and biotin ethanol production for 2 isolates was approximately 7.0%. Continuous stirring and growth factors were responsible for this increased ethanol production.
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  • 35
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 78-78 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 36
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 37
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 87-94 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An enzyme being able to hydrolize the imido linkage at the N-terminal end of proline is isolated from E. coli B. This fact corresponds to the specifity of hydrolization of the animal prolidase. Enzyme synthesis within the cells of E. coli B is carried out independently from growth. Changed environmental factors may influence the formation rate of enzyme in a restricted way. A relatively high enzyme biosynthesis can be reached by cultivating the strain E. coli B at a temperature of 37°C as well as an initial pH-value of the medium of 7.0 in submerged culture (400-500 rpm) By variation of the medium composition enzyme synthesis does not change considerably, however, biomass yield can be increased about 100% If mechanical cell desintegration is optimized by means of ultrasonic or vibration homogenisator the cell components may be easily released with a higher proline specific activity as animal prolidase.
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  • 38
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 114-114 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 39
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 115-115 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 40
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 155-160 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Lipids were extracted from the cells of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus EB 10 C IMET B 395 grown on gas oil (Bp. 240-360 °C) with benzine/alcohol (80 : 20). The lipid-hydrocarbon-extract obtained by this extraction method was 18.4%. The extract was composed of hydrocarbons, waxes, phospholipids, fatty acids, glycerides, and ubiquinones. The main components among the lipids were waxes. The compositions of phospholipid, fatty acid, wax, and ubiquinone fractions were analysed.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 41
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 178-178 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 42
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 187-191 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 was immobilized by entrapment in calcium alginate gel. Aminopyrine demethylation experiments showed that the immobilized enzyme system is highly active and exhibits an unimpaired functional stability as compared with crude microsomes. The alginate entrapped microsomes were employed in a fixed bed recirculation reactor, where aminopyrine was continuously demethylated. Such model enzyme reactor can be a useful tool for studying extracorporeal drug detoxification or preparative substrate conversion with microsomal enzyme systems.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 43
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 44
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The zone reader of the Autoselect-system enables to measure the 64 inhibition zones of a quadratic bioassay plate with an accuracy of 0,1 mm within 3 minutes. A carriage moves each zone in the light beam. With a special photometrical device 3 defined areas of the inhibition zone can be measured quantitatively by 2 receivers. The indicated values of the diameters result from the analog treatment of the signals. By coupling to a computer the datas of the measuring and other desired informations are printed out.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 45
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 46
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 387-387 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 47
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 377-385 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of the prehydrolysis of rice hulls where investigated with different concentrations of H2SO4 and temperatures by modified ARRHENIUS-equation in relation to the degradation of pentosans and the formation of reducing sugars. The determination of the activation energy, the frequency-factor and the orden of reaction in relation to the concentration of the acid results for the formation of the reducing sugars in 60.3 kJ/mol, 5.28 ×. 107 and 1.76, for the degradation of the pentosans in 59- and 69.9 kJ/mol, 3.08 × 107 and 6.03 times; 107 as well as 0.76 and 0.85The discontinuous growth of the yeast Candida tropicalis QML 7601, isolated from a biotop in Cuba, on the products of the prehydrolysis of the rice hulls with H2SO4 (0.1- and 0.2 N) and different mixtures of H2SO4 and HNO3 yield values of μmax = 0.3 - 0.6 h-1 in relation to the conditiones.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 48
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 42-42 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 49
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 239-249 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For several years now, we can notice efforts in increasing the efficiency of microbial processes by means of more intensive scientific investigation of such processes. Essential prerequisites to it are improved possibilities for process monitoring (available sensors) as well as facilities for realtime processing of process information. In this paper a microcomputer system is represented, which has been constructed on the base of computing needs for fermentation. The computing needs for fermentation experiments are outlined and the structure of the microcomputer is described. As an example it is illustrated what tasks can be solved by this microcomputer in coupled operation with a laboratory fermentor.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 50
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 51
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 251-262 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The industrial continuous fermentation for the production of microbial protein is like any real process subject to disturbances. The considerable social expenditures involved in production make it necessary to restrict the negative consequences of these disturbances to a minimum by means of suitable measures. One such measure is the computer-aided adaptation of the static optimum. For the reaction on nonmeasurable disturbing inputs an algorithm is given containing the steps data filtering, adaption of process model and optimization, and the solution of the data-filtering problem in the widest sense by spline functions is discussed. The application of this algorithm to a specific problem of process control is demonstrated in [1].
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 52
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 263-274 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of technological variables on the cell disintegration of yeast suspensions by means of a ball mill and a high pressure homogenizer has been studied by measuring the electrical conductivity. The rate constants and half-life periods are calculated. Regarding the production of protein isolates, the stipulation of optimal disintegration conditions requires a compromise between a degree of disruption as high as possible and a low destruction of the cell walls.By homogenizing, fragments of cell walls arise which are more uniform and better separable in comparison with the milling process. Therefore the mechanical breakage of yeast cells on a large scale should be carried out by the use of high pressure homogenizers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 53
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 297-298 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 54
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 287-296 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A bacterium isolated from Assam (India) soil was found to accumulate L-lysine in the mineral salt-hydrocarbon medium and identified to be a strain of Micrococcus luteus. The strain is able to grow and accumulate l-lysine in a purely synthetic medium, but supplementation of the synthetic medium with casamino acid or yeast extract or both, improves the yield. The entire fermentation period can be divided into a growth phase and a production phase, which can be prolonged by adjustment of the pH to the neutral range. Among the different hydrocarbon and nitrogen sources tested straight run gas oil (47percnt;) and ammonium sulphate (0.4%), respectively, were found most suitable.Erythromycin at 1 μg/ml level inhibited growth bu¸t stimulated lysine excretion. An inoculum level of 10% (v/v) of the medium was optimal for lysine production. The yield of lysine under optimal conditions was found to be 3.25 g per litre of the medium. Lysine has been isolated in crystalline form from the fermented broth by ion exchange resin chromatography and found to be pure sample of L-isomer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The growth limitation of aerobic yeast cultures in the majority of cases involves a deep conversion of the metabolism and high changes in the functional state of the cellsThe excretion of metabolits as one of this changes of great importance and the other variations in the state of the cells are the consequence of functional alternations of several anabolic and catabolic processes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 56
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 325-330 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It has been developed a model for a continuous working enzyme-reactor to determine the deviation of temperature and concentration in axial and radial direction. It's based on Partial Differential Equations for mass and enthalpy transfer. The model regards the specialities of kinetics of enzyme-catalytic processes with respect to the reaction rate. A difference method had been choosen which provided applicable results with respect to characteristic quantities of the substance under corresponding initial and boundary conditions. Some pictures show the deviation of temperature and concentration.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 57
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 331-336 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The configuration and hardware components of a desk-top computer coupled system for bench-top bioreactors are described. Examples of on-line acquisition of several directly accessible environmental process parameters and computations of directly inaccessible state variables are presented. The system described offers great advantages in experiments for establishing sophisticated control algorithms and for studying the physiological behaviour of microbial populations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 58
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 337-342 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cell-free growth liquor of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 69-V contains an extracellular lipase. Its activity depends on growth phase and carbon source. During growth on acetate or succinate the activity ist low or zero, respectively. Growth on alkanes causes an increase in the extracellular lipase activity. Activity reaches maximum values during the exponential phase of growth which significantly decrease in the stationary phaseDuring the growth on alkanes some surfactants (Tauroglycocholate, Triton X-405) stimulate the excretion of the enzyme and some other (Tween, Brij, Triton X-100) inhibit the lipase and growth of cells, respectivelyAir-water and alkane-water interfaces inhibit the lipase activity. During starvation of the bacteria grown on alkanes lipase is excreted in the starvation medium.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 59
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 343-358 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The first supplement of a review on recent literature is given concerning the immobilization of whole microbial cells and their testing for application in product synthesis. It includes the same topics as the first review, essentially, together with the table of the immobilized microbes and the tested reactions of product synthesis or analytical purpose, respectively, with 177 references.
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  • 60
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    Acta Biotechnologica 2 (1982), S. 369-375 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The biotin activity of beet and lactose molasses against the test strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 225 by auxanographic method was evaluated. The level of lactose molasses biotin activity is almost twice as high as that obtained in the case of beet molasses. The results of bioautography with test strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae 225 and Lactobacillus arabinosus 17-5 indicate the qualitative composition of biotin derivatives (vitamers) in both molasses. Depending on the various technological steps e.g. sterilization or clarification one may find differences in the content and qualitative composition of biotin vitamers.
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  • 61
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    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 17-29 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aus Fermentationen mit Bacillus subtilis, die zum Zwecke der Synthese extrazellulä rer Enzyme angesetzt wurden, konnten verschiedentlich Bakteriophagen isoliert werden. Die auf Grund der Wirtsbereiche differierenden Einzelplaqueisolate wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Partikel waren sehr verschieden in der Größe und in der morphologischen Struktur. Sie gehörten damit verschiedenen Gruppen von Bacillus-Phagen an, die durch die Standardphagen SPO1, Ø29 und PBS1 reprä sentiert werden. Außerdem wurde ein Phage mit einem oktaedrischen Kopf gefunden. Aus einem enzymbildenden Bacillus-Stamm konnten nach Infektion mit dem PBS1-ä hnlichen Phagen PZ-F Ghosts mit oktaedrischen Köpfen sowie nach Induktion mit Mitomycin C komplette und defektive Phagen freigesetzt werden.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 62
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    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 9-15 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The capability of the yeast Lodderomyces elongisporus to utilize solved paraffins in fermentation brothes could be demonstrated. The growth rate of this microorganism in the case of utilization of solved paraffins is higher as the most known dates.The saturated concentrations of solved hydrocarbons in the fermentation brothes are higher as in real solvent systems.The part of the solved hydrocarbon is a function of the power input, the diameter of oil drops, the fermentation conditions and the length of the paraffin chain.The organism growth rate depends on the solved paraffin concentration in the fermentation broth. This fact is one of the reasons for the variability of the consumption coefficients by utilization of paraffins with different chain lenghts.The results confirm the assumption that the transport of the paraffins from the oil drops to the cells takes place over water soluble phase.
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  • 63
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    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 31-40 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Xylanaseproduktion durch Streptomyces xylophagus nov. sp. wurde im Schü ttelkolben und in einem 14-Liter-Laborfermentor in diskontinuierlicher und in kontinuierlicher Kultur untersucht. Die maximale Enzymausbeute wurde auf 1%igem handelsü blichen Xylanmedium bei 30°C durch 7,5%ige ü berimpfung einer 5 Tage alten Xylankultur erreicht, wobei dem Medium im Schü ttelkolben 0,8% und dem Submersfermentor 0,3% Bactopepton zugestzt wurden. Die maximale Xylanaseproduktion wurde bei pH 7,4 erreicht. Eine Hitzbehandlung bis zu 200°C wirkte sich nicht hemmend auf die Xylanaseproduktion aus.Die Gleichgewichtsparameter fü r die Zellmasse, lösliches Protein und die Xylanaseaktivitä t wurden in Abhä ngigkeit der Verdü nnungsraten von 0,02 bis 0,04 h+1 bestimmt, wobei Xylan (wood gum xylan) als Kohlenstoffquelle diente. Die maximale Enzymaktivitä t und Produktivitä t von 7,2 X.U. (1 xylanase unit, X.U. ≙ 1 mg reduzierter Zucker, der aus 1 ml Enzym in 15 Minuten bei 50°C gebildet wird) und 0,194 X.U./h wurden bei einer Verdü nnungsrate von 0,027 h+1 beobachtet.Die maximale Zellkonzentration und Produktivitä t von 7,2 g/l und 0,245 g/lh wurden bei einer Verdü nnungsrate von 0,34 h+1 beobachtet.
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  • 64
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    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 67-72 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 65
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    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 73-102 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A review is given of most of the literature concerning the immobilization of whole microbial cells and their testing for application in product synthesis. The review includes a discussion of adventages and disadventages of immobilized cells, methods of immobilization, pretreatments, aftertreatments, operation, recent developments, and other problems together with a table of the immobilized microbes and the tested reactions of product synthesis, with 350 references.
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  • 66
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    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 103-103 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 67
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 68
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: As a part of the Autoselect-system an eightfold diluter is described. Cassettes with 64 tubes are placed on the carriage of the machine and moved automatically in eight steps. One of the cassettes is loaded with separated samples in 64 tubes and the other one with 64 empty tubes. When the carriage stops, a defined volume of samples is exhausted by eight pipettes, mounted on a bridge spanning over the ground unit from left to right, and after beeing moved to the second cassette the pipettes deliver the samples into a row of empty tubes. At the same time by eight syringes mounted on both sides of the machine a defined volume of buffer is delivered through tubes and canules. By this way all samples can be diluted in two minutes.
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  • 69
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    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 311-325 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Starting with the definition of the process term kLa, steady state and nonsteady state measuring methods are described for its determination. Then the sorption characteristics for mixing vessels and for bubble columns are presented with respect to the coalescence behaviour of the system treated. They permit the scale-up of these devices and the optimization of their process parameters for a required oxygen uptake. In addition to the sorption characteristics for the given system the knowledge of the flooding point and the power characteristics is necessary for the lay-out of mixing vessels, whereas in the case of bubble columns the gas hold-up characteristic needs to be known.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 70
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    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The morphology of filamentous microorganisms does essentially affect the production of metabolites. Agitating conditions may affect the morphology and for this reason the production of metabolites too.The following parameters it was found to have an influence: Reynolds mixing numberimpeller blade tips velocitymean shear stress close to the impellerimpeller power consumption per unit volumecavitation pressure dropIt were presumed three mechanisms for the mechanical effect on the microorganisms: 1the direct impact of the impeller blades on the microorganisms-collision2the shear stress in the liquid phase3a sharp pressure decrease behind the impeller blades-cavitationMathematical relationships are developed for the different mechanisms.Using Aspergillus niger it is shown what morphological and physiological states of this microorganism are caused by mechanical straining and the conditions for the maximal production of citric acid are studied.Requirements for scale-up are discussed.
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  • 71
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    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 41-47 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die bei der Herstellung von OYOKPO, einem in der Bendel-Region von Nigeria traditionell auf Hirse-Basis gewonnenem Bier, wirkenden Mikroorganismen wurden untersucht.Die Ergebnisse zeigen zwei Phasen der Einwirkung unterschiedlicher Mikroorganismen.Fü r die saccharolytischen Aktivitä ten beim Mä lzprozeβ sind die aus den gelagerten Hirsekörnern stammenden Mikroorganismen (im Zusammenwirken mit der pflanzlichen Amylase des Hirsemalzes) verantwortlich. Sie werden wahrscheinlich beim Erhitzungsprozeß abgetötet.Die im fermentierten Produkt gefundenen Mikroorganismen stammen aus der fü r die Fermentation eingesetzten Starterkultur; sie vergä ren die niederen Zucker zu Alkohol.Schimmelpilze treten nach der Fermentation nicht mehr auf; Hefen sind wä hrend des Mä lzprozesses nicht zu finden mit Ausnahme von Saccharomyces cervisiae, sie erscheinen jedoch wä hrend der Fermentation. Veschiedene Bakterienarten sind in allen Stadien anzutreffen, so beim Mä lzen, Maischen und bei der Reifung. (Acetobacter wurde bis zu Beginn der Reifung nicht nachgewiesen.) Der pH-Wert sinkt von Beginn der Fermentation (5,2) bis zum Ende auf 3,8. Der am Ende erhaltene Sä urewert entspricht 0,43% (als Essigsä ure titriert).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 72
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 49-56 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Auf der Grundlage von hydrodynamischen und reaktionstechnischen Voraussetzungen wird ein dreiphasiges Stoffsystem mit mikrobieller Reaktion auf quasi-homogene Modelle zurü ckgefü hrt. Mit Hilfe der Michaelis-Menten-Kinetik werden Geschwindigkeitsgleichungen fü r die auto katalytische Reaktion des wachstumsverbundenen Substratabbaues hergeleitet, die sich bis auf die Monod-Kinetik zurü hren lassen. Es wird bewiesen, daß die Geschwindigkeitsgleichungen der mikrobiellen Katalyse denen der heterogenen Gaskatalyse analog sind.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 73
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth of Methanosarcina barkeri on methanol as energy source was found to be dependent on cobalt and molybdenum. In the presence of 10-6 M Co and 5 × 10-7M Mo optimal growth occurred. Furthermore it could be demonstrated that nickel and selenium each in a concentration of 10-7 M stimulated the growth of this methanogenic bacterium while the following elements tested in the range of 10-7 M to 10-3 had no influence: B, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb. The requirement of Co and Ni for optimal growth are in accordance with the results that the cells contain the Co containing corrinoid Factor III (0.1 - 0.2 mg 5-hydroxylbenzimidazolylcyanocobamide per g wet cells) and Factor F430, a nickel component. Studies on the vitamin dependency of M. barkeri showed that this strain needs only the vitamin riboflavin for the growth in a defined medium. Under these conditions a cell density of 2.6 g dry cells/l could be obtained in a fed batch culture.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 74
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 107-113 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rheological measurements can give interesting informations for the characterization of fermentation broth, especially concerning the depending of the oxygen transfer rate. Rheological measurements can report decisions for choosing the best reactor type or other process steps e.g. purification and separation.An advantageous method was used by the combination of a dynamic process-viscosimeter with the fermenter and the continuous measurement of medium density by X-ray absorption method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 75
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 115-126 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The problem of the rate-limiting step of heterogeneous catalytic reactions is explained. For microbiological catalysies in a highdispersial system the partial steps of substance transfer from macroscpace up to the biochemical reaction in the cell (microspace) are generally described and formulated. By means of statistical modells based on the theory of the isotope turbulence the numeric interpretation for the investigation of rate-limiting step at the fermentation and ripening of beer in bioreactors with enforced turbulence takes place. The rate-limiting step is the biochemical reaction of the extract degradation, that means kR·tH ≪ 1.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 76
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 127-130 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: On the base of measuring the respiration rate (HARRISON) a biological measuring method for determination of methanol concentration in stationary range was worked out. The method allows the determination of methanol concentrations up to 0.3 mg l-1 and is applicable for such cases, when microorganisms consume this substrate quickly (within a few minutes). If the methanol concentration in stationary range is known, it is possible to calculate the kinetic constants of the system.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 77
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 131-137 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The propagation of the virulent phage M 1 of the obligate methylotrophic bacteria strain GB 4 is inhibited by n-alkanes. The addition of hydrocarbons (7.5-22.5%) to a suspension of free phages or to a phage-host-mixture prevents the propagation of the phages, but does not influence the growth rate of the host bacteria. In a laboratory fermentor a simulated strong infection (multiplicity = 0.1) of the strain GB 4 with its phage M 1 could be suppressed by the application of 20% of a technical hydrocarbon mixture (Parex I).The inhibitory effect of the hydrocarbons can be traced back to inspecific hydrocarbon-protein-interactions at the surface of the phage and the host cells and therewith to an influencing of the adsorption.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 78
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 153-159 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The improved method for preparing Oyokpo a Nigerian fermented beverage from millet, and the preparation of single cell proteins from the spent grain is described. Improvement of the brew was made by controlled malting, mashing and brewing with a pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It had a reducing sugar content of 19.73 g/100 ml before fermentation and after fermentation 5.56% alcohol, 0.58 g/100 ml titratable acidity as acetic acid, a final pH of 4.2 and consisted of a yellowish clear liquid, slightly sour. The native brew had a reducing sugar content of 7.37 g/100 ml before fermentation and after fermentation, 2.40% alcohol, 0.43 g/100 ml titratable acidity, a final pH of 3.8 and consisted of a creamy yellowish liquid with a very sour taste. Fermented spent grain gave a higher protein yield compared to unfermented or ground millet. The lipids, proteins and crude fibre were 4.94%, 11.20% and 4.33% respectively for ground millet, 12,79%, 23.77% and 19.46% respectively for unfermented spent grain and 19.61%, 47.28% and 32.09% respectively for fermented spent grain. The high protein and fibre content of the fermented spent grain points to its potential as a feed supplement for ruminants.
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  • 79
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 161-165 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract in Russian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 80
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 187-189 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 81
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 191-195 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract in Russian.
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  • 82
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 201-204 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 83
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 84
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 268-268 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstarct.
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  • 85
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 269-278 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fundamentals of bioreactor design are the following functions: macro- and micro-mixing, mass transfer, heat exchange, bioreactor control and its scale-up. Mixing, mass transfer, heat exchange involve the determination of elementary zones of reactor, the mass transfer and the heat exchange between them and also between individual phases (liquid, gaseous, solid), including a possibility of direct gas-cell oxygen uptake. The overall description of a bioreactor is obtained by combining models of reactor hydrodynamics, mass transfer and heat exchange with a appropriate cell or population model. On the basis of hierarchical description new biological scale-up procedures (via modeling and simulation) may evolve.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 86
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    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 285-290 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aldehyde oxidase from pig liver was adsorptively bound to DEAE-cellulose. The data of immobilization and the properties of the immobilized enzyme are reported. Its maximum half-life is 36 days. The pH-optimum is displaced toward lower pH-values and independent from the substrates proved. Temperature optimum and substrate specifity, however, don't change during immobilization. Contrary to the soluble enzyme the aldehyde oxidase adsorbed to DEAE-cellulose displays a two-phase ARRHENIUS plot.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 87
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    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 391-392 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstrct.
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  • 88
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 351-364 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general view of the possibilities of producing ethanol from sugar, starch and cellulose feedstocks is given.For the 3 variants net energy analysis of ethanol production and evaluation of costs are presented. With the exception of the case using molasses as feedstock the net energy balances are positive.The greatest possible net energy yield can be expected with sugar cane followed by sugar beets, wood and paper waste. Based on feedstock availability, net energy utilization and production costs, the most promising processes for producing ethanol from non-grain feedstocks over the next 20 years will be those processes using fermentable sugars available from nongrain starchy materials, cellulosics and whey.The feedstock prices for cellulosics are low and if the developments in cellulose hydrolysis will lead to improve the ethanol yields from cellulose fermentation to nearer 90 percent of the theoretical value, cellulosic materials can become a good feedstock for ethanol production.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A brief review of the most important properties and fields of application of microbial proteinases are presented. Special possibilities of an industrial utilization of these enzymes are discussed: in the photographic industry for the production and degradation of gelatin as well as for silverless photography, in the food industry for the improvement of the functional properties of proteins as well as for increasing their nutritive value, in organic synthesis for the production of peptides, and in sewage treatment plants for the stabilization of sludge.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 3-8 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Auf der Basis der Flotationstheorie der festen Partikel wurde in der Submerskultur der Mechanismus des direkten Sauerstoffübergangs in die Zelle unter den Bedingungen gegenseitiger Beeinflussung des Mikroorganismus mit der gasförmigen und der flüssigen Phase quantifiziert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 93
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 139-143 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of microorganisms growing on the walls of laboratory fermenters was investigated and a model to describe of microbial lysis and the formation of growth inhibitory products in a continuous fermentation process was developed.The predictions were compared with results from an earlier model for growth of microorganisms on surfaces.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 94
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 145-151 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of extracellular concentrations of hydrogen ion and C-substrates on the specific growth rate of different microorganisms is investigated.A general relationship in the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \mu {\rm } = {\rm }\mu _{\max } {\rm } - {\rm }K_2 \left( {c_i } \right)^{K_1 }$$ \end{document} can be used to describe the inhibition effect of HPlus;- or substrate concentration (ci) on the growth rate. Different examples are demonstrated and the adequate specific constants K1 and K2 calculated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The methodical principle of an automated selection system for antibiotic producers, the Autoselectsystem, consisting of six machines and a computer is explained. In order to work with this machines the following material is needed: Cassettes with 64 microculture cups for cultivation of colonies on agar, cassettes with glass-tubes for dilution of samples, and test-plates with 64 holes for performing the agar diffusion test. The cups, the tubes and holes are arranged in a pattern of 8×8. In a serie of papers the machines will be described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 96
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    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 175-179 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An agardeliverer, one of the machines of the Autoselect-system is described. This machine allows to pour melted agar automatically into a row of 8 microculture cups of a cassette with 64 cups. By changing the agarcontainer provided for one medium against another container with 8 chambers the machine offers the possibility to deliver 1 to 8 media simultaneously. In this respect the machine gets more and more interest not only for the selection of antibiotic producers, but also for taxonomic, genetic and other studies. Sterile conditions are ensured by sterilizing the head of the machine before starting the work.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An inoculator enabling the isolation of colonies from petridishes onto agar-filled microcultur cups, arranged in a pattern of 8 × 8 in cassettes, is described. The transfer of the colonies takes place by turning of an inoculation cross with 4 loops. While the cross stops and lowers, one loop is sterilized, another, which has been sterilized shortly before, is being cooled in sterile water, the next one is taking off some material from a colony and the last is spreading the material on the agar of a cup. The capacity of the machine accounts about 600 colonies per hour.
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  • 98
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 99
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 197-199 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It was found that the cellular Na+-concentration (CcellNa+) of Lodderomyces elongisporus D is depended on the extracellular K+-concentration (CexK+).The relationship can be described by an equation in the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$C_{{\rm cell}}^{Na + } {\rm } = {\rm const}.{\rm } - {\rm const}.{\rm } \cdot {\rm }\ln {\rm }C_{{\rm ex}}^{K + } .$$\end{document}The function of the natrium ion seem to be to support the utilisation rate of potassium ion at lower extracellular K+-concentration.
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  • 100
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    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 1 (1981), S. 296-299 
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An automatic eightfold-pipetter has been developed with the same basic unit as the diluter of the Autoselect-system. The pipetter is fitted with eight pipettes on a bridge over the basic unit. By means of the pipettes a volume of 0.05 ml from eight tubes is exhauseted and delivered in the holes of a test plate. Both the test plate and a cassette with 64 tubes are located on a moving carriage. the test plate on the first floor and the cassette on the ground floor. If the pipettes transfer the samples from the tubes to the holes the distance between the pipettes must be changed by a special device from 20 to 30 mm, because the distance between the holes on the test plate differs from that of the tubes.For the transfer of 64 samples 2 minutes only are needed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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