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  • 1985-1989  (1,128)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1985  (1,128)
  • Organic Chemistry  (671)
  • Engineering General  (422)
  • Cat
Source
Material
Years
  • 1985-1989  (1,128)
  • 1965-1969
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of the receptors in the isolated capsule of the hip in the cat (1985)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 9 (1985), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Hip Capsule ; Cat ; Afferent receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié les propriétés des nerfs afférents à la capsule de la hanche, chez le chat en imprimant à l'articulation des mouvements de rotation et sur des préparations de capsule isolée et ouverte en l'étirant directement grâce à un dispositif mécanique. In situ, on a trouvé deux types de nerfs afférents, les uns ayant en réponse à la rotation articulaire une étendue complète de sensibilité et les autres seulement une sensibilité limitée. Sur la capsule isolée les nerfs afférents sont indentiques en ce qui concerne le seuil et la sensibilité et on ne trouve aucun récepteur complet. On en conclut que les récepteurs de toute l'étendue de la sensibilité qui pénètrent les nerfs articulaires de la hanche sont des fibres en fuseau d'origine musculaire et non des récepteurs capsulaires. Sur ces bases et sur les résultats précédemment obtenus chez l'animal et chez l'homme, les auteurs discutent le rôle des récepteurs articulaires dans la cénesthésie et le sens des positions.
    Notes: Summary The properties of the afferent fibres from the capsule of the hip joint have been studied in the cat in situ, in relation to joint rotation, and in an isolated capsule preparation which was opened and stretched directly with an actuator. In situ two types of afferent fibres were found, those having a full range of sensitivity and others having only a limited range in response to the joint rotation. When studied in isolated tissue the afferent fibres of the capsule were uniform in threshold and sensitivities, and no full range receptors were found. We conclude that the full range receptors which enter the articular nerve of the hip are spindle afferents and not capsule receptors. On the basis of these and previous results in animals and man the role of joint receptors in kinaesthesia and position sense is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266954
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A β-carboline antagonizes benzodiazepine actions but does not precipitate the abstinence syndrome in cats (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 86 (1985), S. 132-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: β-Carbolines ; FG 7142 ; Benzodiazepines ; Diazepam ; Ro 15-1788 ; Drug dependence ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The β-carbolines, which are potent ligands for benzodiazepine receptors, antagonize the pharmacological actions of benzodiazepines. In the cat, the stable β-carboline derivative methylamide-β-carboline-3-carboxylate, FG 7142, and the specific benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 reversed behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) changes produced by a single dose of diazepam. Surprisingly, the β-carboline did not elicit signs of withdrawal when given after 22 days of a daily dose regimen of diazepam, while Ro 15-1788 precipitated an acute abstinence syndrome largely characterized by tremors, increased muscle tone, back arching, myoclonic jerks and pupil dilatation. Unlike Ro 15-1788, the β-carboline produced effects of its own such as behavioral states of arousal and fearfulness. These findings indicate that the β-carboline functionally interacts with benzodiazepine receptors in a manner unlike that seen with typical agonists and antagonists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431697
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response covariance in cat visual cortex (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Visual cortex ; Multiunit recordings ; Response variance ; Response covariance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of pairs of neurons in the visual cortex (area 17) of anaesthetized, paralysed cats was recorded using two independently manipulated micropipettes. The number of spikes in the evoked responses of pairs of single neurons were analyzed for response covariance. Responses of the majority of cell pairs (83%) did not covary. Covariance was restricted to closeby neurons with distances of less than 150 μm and with identical orientation and ocular dominance preference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236942
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The size and curvature of synapses in the cerebellar cortex of the cat (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 171 (1985), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Quantitative anatomy ; Synaptic length ; Synaptic curvature ; Cerebeller cortex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary At the supra Purkinje layer and the subpial level in the molecular layer of lobules V and VI of the cerebellar cortex of the cat, synaptic profiles were measured in ultrathin serial sections treated with either osmium tetroxide (OsO4) or ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA). From trace and chord lengths of the intercepts of synaptic profiles the curvature and the mean caliper diameter of the synapse was calculated. In OsO4-material the curvature of synapses yielded an average angle of about 47 degrees and about 36 degrees in E-PTA material. Although these values are contrary to the assumption of a flat disc, which is commonly required in stereological procedures to estimate caliper diameter, the effect of the curvature on the estimation of the mean caliper diameter is limited. This is shown by serial reconstruction analysis of the largest diameter of synapses from maximal arc and chord length measurements at the subpial and supra Purkinje level. The results provide quantitative data concerning synaptic size, curvature and the frequency of intercepts per synapse at the subpial and supra Purkinje level in the cerebellar cortex in OsO4 and E-PTA material. In addition the advantages and disadvantages of E-PTA and osmiumtetroxide staining in quantitative analysis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319057
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of the neurons of origin of the great cerebral commissures in the cat (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 171 (1985), S. 105-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex ; Corpus callosum ; Anterior commissure ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Large injections of horseradish peroxidase throughout major portions of the right cerebral hemispheres of four cats revealed extensive distributions of the neurons of origin of the corpus callosum, the anterior commissure and the hippocampal commissures in the uninjected left hemispheres. The distributions of labelled neurons were mapped by semiautomatic computer microscope. The radial and tangential neuron distributions presented here are of a higher density and greater extent than those in previously published studies based on injections of transportable label to more circumcribed areas of the cerebral cortex of the cat. Generally, commissural neurons in the cat were distributed in a bilaminar fashion with supragranular cells more numerous than infragranular cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319060
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in synaptic size in the superficial and deep layers of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex of the cat (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 172 (1985), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Synaptology ; Cerebellum ; Quantitative analysis ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a previous study observations in semithin sections of E-PTA-stained cerebellar cortex of the cat revealed differences in size of synaptic grids between the molecular and granular layer (Van der Want et al. 1984). In addition, synaptic size differences were observed between superficial and deep levels in the molecular layer. The present study was an attempt to analyze synapses in ultrathin sections of the cerebellar cortex with special emphasis on size differences of distinct types of synapses at different levels in the molecular layer. Climbing fibers were identified by means of anterograde transport of 3H-leucine injected in the inferior olive and parallel fibers were identified on account of fine structural criteria. Synaptic profiles were measured semi-automatically in the neuropil of the cerebellar cortex at the supra-Purkinje level and the subpial level. Measurements of the trace- and chordlength were obtained from random sections. The frequency distribution of the true diameters of the synapses was reconstructed with a discrete “unfolding”-procedure. The overall diameter at the superficial level was 390.2±1.5 nm, at the deep level 406.6±1.5 nin. Climbing fibers exhibited mean values of 431.9±4.7 and 461.3±4.1 nm at these levels and parallel fiber terminals mean values of 370.7±2.9 and 395.8±3.0 nm. The frequency distributions showed remarkable and statistically significant differences compared with the overall distributions observed at the superficial and the deep levels respectively. The frequency distributions of synaptic diameters at the superficial and deep levels also differ significantly. The results suggest that synapses are characterized by a specific size which might be related to the region of termination or might be determined by the afferent neuron. This is in agreement with earlier observations in E-PTA treated material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318978
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The projection from the superior colliculus to the lateral reticular nucleus in the cat as studied with retrograde transport of WGA-HRP (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 173 (1985), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Lateral reticular nucleus ; Superior colliculus ; Retrograde transport of WGA-HRP ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Medium-sized and large superior collicular neurons were retrogradely labelled after small ejections of the wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase complex in the lateral reticular nucleus of the feline medulla. The projection from the superior colliculus to the lateral reticular nucleus is bilateral with a contralateral predominance. It originates mainly from the intermediate, but also from the deep gray layer of the superior colliculus. Our observations provide evidence that the lateral reticular nucleus is an important target of tectal efferents. The findings are discussed in relation to the organization of other fiber connections of the superior colliculus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316308
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is the retina sensitive to the effects of prolonged blur? (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 58 (1985), S. 427-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Retinal ganglion cells ; Atropine ; Optical blur ; Acuity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two preparations were used to study the developmental effects of prolonged blurring of retinal images on the acuities of retinal ganglion cells. Five kittens were raised from three weeks to six months of age with daily administration of atropine to one eye. Another two kittens were raised from three weeks to 16 weeks with a contact lens of high refractive power fitted to one eye. Behavioural estimates of the visual acuity were made for two animals from each group. Animals of both groups demonstrated an amblyopia in the experimental eye: visual acuity varied from 1.8 to 2.5 cycles per degree compared with 6.0 to 7.5 cycles per degree when using the normal eye. The spatial resolving properties were measured for retinal ganglion cells within the amblyopic eyes of two lens-reared cats and three atropinized cats. Brisk-sustained (X) cells were recorded from along the naso-temporal division. The acuities of ganglion cells from the lens-reared cats were indistinguishable from those from normal cats at comparable eccentricities. However, for the cats raised with atropine administration, sub-normal acuities were determined for retinal ganglion cells from all regions that were studied in the experimental eye. We conclude that blur of retinal images produced by external means has no effect on the resolving power of retinal ganglion cells. The lowered ganglion cell acuities encountered with the atropinised cats must be attributable to a secondary effect of the atropine administration. Organic changes in the retinal blood vessel pattern support this contention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235859
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Connections between pericruciate cortex and the medullary reticulospinal neurons in cat: an electrophysiological study (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 61 (1985), S. 109-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Motor cortex ; Reticulospinal neuron ; Corticobulbar pathways ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The connections between the pericruciate cortex and the medullary reticulospinal (RS) neurons were studied in anesthetized cat. Intracellular recordings were made from reticulospinal neurons and the effects of stimulating different areas of the pericruciate cortex were compared. (1) EPSPs were elicited in all the 93 neurons studied which were antidromically activated by spinal stimulation and had an IS-SD notch on the ascending limb of their antidromic spikes. According to the conduction velocity (c.v.) of the axon and the minimal EPSP latency to cortical stimulation, the neurons could be divided into two groups, i.e. fast-conducting RS neurons (FRS neurons, c.v. 〉 45 m/s) and slow-conducting RS neurons (SRS neurons, c.v. 〈 45 m/s). The minimal latencies of FRS neurons were equal to or shorter than 2 ms whereas those of SRS neurons were longer than 2 ms. (2) EPSPs with short latency (〈 2 ms) could be evoked in FRS neurons by stimulating a relatively wide cortical area including the major part of precruciate area 4 and area 6, with a central area of strongest excitatory effect located in area 4 slighthly medial to the tip of the cruciate sulcus. Stimulation of the postcruciate area 4 only produced long latency EPSPs. (3) By extrapolation from the cortical and peduncular latencies and the conducting distances it was revealed that the earliest part of the minimal latency EPSPs were monosynaptically evoked in FRS neurons and were mediated by fastconducting corticobulbar fibers. (4) FRS neurons could be excited by stimuli applied to both ipsilateral and contralateral pericruciate cortex. The influence from the contralateral cortex was slightly stronger.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235626
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Canal-neck interaction in vestibular neurons of the cat's cerebral cortex (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 61 (1985), S. 94-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex ; Canal-neck interaction ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interaction of semicircular canal and neck proprioceptive inputs was studied in the cerebral cortex of awake, intact cats. Neuronal responses were recorded extracellularly in the anterior suprasylvian gyrus of the left hemisphere. Stimulations consisted of horizontal rotations in the dark applied as sinusoids or position ramps. There were three stimulus conditions: (1) Pure canal stimulation; rotation of whole body. (2) Pure neck stimulation; rotation of trunk about stationary head. (3) Canalneck interaction; rotation of head about stationary trunk. (1) We recorded 105 neurons with either Type I or Type II canal response. These showed often pronounced non-linearities such as a clear firing increase upon rotation in the “on-direction” and hardly any decrease in the opposite direction. The responses reflected mostly angular velocity, but angular position signals were also obtained. (2) In 79 neurons, either Type I or Type II neck responses were obtained. They coded either angular velocity, velocity plus position, or position. (3) Canal-neck convergence was found in 67 of 88 neurons tested. In the majority of neurons, interaction was “dantagonistic” in the sense that the canal and neck responses tended to cancel each other during rotation of the head about the stationary trunk. These neurons could signal trunk rotation in space rather than head in space or head relative to trunk. Most of the remaining neurons showed a “synergistic” interaction such that the response upon head rotation was enhanced as compared to whole body or trunk rotation. These neurons might be involved in the dual task of monitoring head rotation in space and relative to trunk. Interaction was compatible with linear summation of canal and neck inputs in 70% of the neurons. In part of these, however, the assumption had to be made that the interaction had taken place already at some stage prior to the cortical neurons investigated. The response characteristics of cortical canal neurons are discussed in comparison to vestibular nuclear neurons. Furthermore, parallels are drawn between the observed canal-neck interactions in the cortical neurons and (i) interactions of canal and neck dependent postural reflexes in the decerebrate cat, and (ii) interactions of canal and neck induced turning sensations in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235625
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variability in the effects of monocular deprivation on the optokinetic reflex of the non-deprived eye in the cat (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 61 (1985), S. 117-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus ; Nucleus of the optic tract ; Monocular deprivation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Six cats monocularly deprived by eye lid closure within the first week after birth showed the same deficits in the optokinetic reflex (OKR) when tested through the deprived eye as adults irrespective of whether the deprivation period was 6, 24 or 36 months. Closed loop gain (eye velocity/ stimulus velocity) during temporo-nasal stimulus movement was below 0.8 and approached zero at stimulus velocities above 20°/s. Naso-temporal stimulus movement was ineffective in eliciting OKR gain higher than 0.1 at velocities above 10°/s. 2. Different optokinetic deficits were found when the non-deprived eye was tested. In 3 cats OKR gain of the non-deprived eye was reduced with temporally directed stimulus movement when compared to normal whereas the gain of nasal OKR was uneffected. In these cats only monocular cells could be found in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), a pretectal cell aggregation involved in the optokinetic reflex pathway. In the other 3 cats the OKR of the non-deprived eye was not different from normal and could be elicited almost equally well in both directions. In these cats binocular cells were found in the NOT ipsilateral to the non-deprived eye. Again duration (6, 24 or 36 months) of monocular deprivation had no influence on this dichotomy. 3. In a cat with asymmetric OKR of the non-deprived eye, the removal of the visual cortex ipsilateral to the non-deprived eye produced a small but significant gain decrease for temporal OKR of the non-deprived eye but no change when the deprived eye was tested. Visual cortex lesion ipsilateral to the deprived eye in the same cat had also no effect on the deprived eye's performance but reduced nasal OKR gain for the non-deprived eye at high velocities. 4. The effects induced by long term monocular deprivation were not reversed after intensively forcing the use of the deprived eye by closing the non-deprived eye. Also enucleation of the deprived eye had no effect on the gain of the non-deprived eye. 5. These optokinetic deficits are discussed in relation to functional changes in the NOT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235627
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Task-related coding of stimulus and response in cat motor cortex (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 57 (1985), S. 427-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Motor cortex ; Single unit activity ; Tracking ; Input switching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a previous study in the cat, we have reported that motor cortex neurons discharging before the initiation of an aimed forearm response (lead cells) are better timed to movement of a display (stimulus) than to the response. The present study was done to distinguish the coding of stimulus and response features in the discharge patterns of such early activity in motor cortex. Single neurons were recorded in the arm area of motor cortex in three cats performing the same pair of responses (forearm flexion and extension) but to display movements in either of the two directions by changing display polarity. The modulation of lead cell activity was contingent on the occurrence of the learned motor response and timed to the stimulus in all conditions. The majority of lead cells (88%, n = 50) fell into one of two distinct classes. In one class of neurons, force-direction (56%, n = 32), activity was contingent on a single direction of forelimb response (flexion or extension) and was thus independent of the direction of the display stimulus. The only muscles whose patterns matched the activity of this class of response-related neurons were forelimb flexors and extensors. In these neurons, the onset of modulation was timed to one or the other of the two stimuli according to the stimulus direction which elicited the appropriate response. Thus, the display-related input to these neurons varied according to the response required. In the second class of neurons, stimulus-direction (32%, n = 18), modulation was associated with a specific stimulus direction rather than the response direction. The pattern of activity of these neurons was similar to the pattern of EMG signals of shoulder and neck muscles during the different task conditions. The contraction of proximal and axial muscles corresponded to a second response elicited by the stimulus, namely attempts at head rotation towards the moving display and was independent of the conditioned forelimb response in both time of onset and direction. To test the possibility that stimulus-direction neurons participated in the control of head rotation we trained two of the animals to also produce isometric changes in neck torque in the direction of the moving display without making the forelimb response. The activity of stimulus-direction neurons was similarly modulated during performance of the neck task. By contrast, force-direction neurons examined during the neck task were either unmodulated or discharged after the neck response. These data suggest that force-direction neurons participate in response initiation and that their activity is triggered by stimuli specific for the task. The reorganization of the inputs to motor cortex is likely to result from gating mechanisms associated with behavioral set. Such neural gates could provide for the efficient transfer of any member of an array of behaviorally relevant stimuli to restricted sectors of the somatotopically organized motor areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237829
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retinal input to the nucleus of the optic tract of the cat assessed by antidromic activation of ganglion cells (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 395-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Nucleus of the optic tract ; Direction-selective retinal ganglion cells ; Optokinetic reflex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the physiological properties of ganglion cells in the retina of the cat. The experiments were designed to identify those ganglion cells which project to direction-selective cells in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), by demonstrating their antidromic activation at low threshold from an electrode in the NOT. These ganglion cells presumably provide the retinal drive to the optokinetic reflex. Altogether, 11 such ganglion cells were identified in a population of 578 cells studied. All 11 were W-cells, with slow-conducting axons. Five of the 11 had on-centre direction-selective receptive fields; the other 6 had a variety of receptive field patterns. Thus, on centre-selective cells form a much higher proportion of the retinal input to direction-selective cells in the NOT than of the overall ganglion cell population. However, their receptive field properties were too varied fully to account for the selectivity of NOT cells for horizontal stimulus movement. In summary the retinal input to the NOT appears to be formed principally or entirely by W-class ganglion cells, including many which are direction selective. It still seems necessary, however, to postulate, some non-retinal mechanism to account for all the receptive field properties of direction-selective NOT cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230920
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of nitrous oxide on the functional characteristics of cells in the extrastriate cortex of the cat (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 463-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Nitrous oxide ; Visual cortical cells ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The directional preferences, receptive field areas, peristimulus-time (PST) histograms and spontaneous activities of 112 feline visual cortical (area 18) cells were studied before, during, and after the administration of nitrous oxide. These cellular characteristics were altered by nitrous oxide inhalation; some quite substantially. The data indicate that the functional characteristics of cortical visual cells, such as the receptive field and the directional preference, are variable; and, among other factors, depend also on the anaesthetic administered to the animal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261335
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between feline pupil size and luminance (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 485-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vision ; Cat ; Pupil dimensions ; Luminance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationships between luminance and height, width or area of the feline pupil were investigated in awake, normal adult cats whose pupils were photographed over a range of light levels with the aid of electronic flash. The results are compared with previous measurements of pupil width and height in awake animals (Kappauf 1943); and with estimates of pupil width, height and area in lightly-anaesthetised cats (Wilcox and Barlow 1975). The implications of these results for retinal illumination and colour discrimination are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261338
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convergent strabismic amblyopia in cats (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Strabismic amblyopia ; Cat ; Retina ; Acuity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experiments were carried out to determine the effects of different types of experimental strabismus on the acuities of retinal ganglion cells. Six kittens were raised from twenty-one days of age with an esotropia surgically induced by myectomy of the lateral rectus muscle and a large portion of the superior oblique muscle. The results are compared with those, previously reported, from five other cats also made esotropic, but by tenotomy of the lateral rectus. All animals tested behaviourally were amblyopic in the strabismic eye. For square wave gratings, the visual acuities were 1.0 to 2.5 cyc/deg through the strabismic eye compared with 6.0 to 7.5 cyc/deg through the non-deviating eye. The cut-off spatial frequencies were determined for 132 brisk sustained cells from five of the myectomized strabismic cats. There was a loss of approximately 20% in cut-off spatial frequency when compared with both normal and tenotomized cats. A correlate of the physiologically observed difference between the tenotomized cats and the myectomized cats was also found in the morphology of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus. The tenotomized cats showed no evidence of cell shrinkage in laminae receiving a projection from the amblyopic eye whereas in the myectomized cats large differences were observed in cell cross-sectional areas between laminae receiving input from the amblyopic eye and those receiving input from the non-deviating eye. Together, these findings indicate that the presence of a neural deficit in the retina of strabismic cats is associated with the actual removal of extra-ocular muscle and probably has little to do with the optical quality of images arriving at the retina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237012
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binocular depth perception in the cat following early corpus callosum section (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Corpus callosum ; Binocular depth perception ; Stereoacuity ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of the corpus callosum in the mediation of binocular depth perception was examined by measuring monocular and binocular depth discrimination thresholds in cats which had undergone section of the corpus callosum shortly after birth. Three kittens had the posterior callosum sectioned at the age of eleven days. A fourth kitten underwent a sham operation and one additional animal served intitially as an unoperated control. Monocular and binocular depth thresholds were measured for all kittens when they were between three and five months old. Although there was some individual variability, none of the callosum-sectioned kittens showed any deficits of binocular depth perception relative to normal animals. The initially unoperated kitten had its callosum sectioned at five months and was retested following surgery. Its performance did not change from preoperated levels. Finally, the three neonatal callosum-sectioned kittens underwent section of the optic chiasm when they were six months old, causing a complete breakdown in binocular depth discrimination. The results are interpreted to indicate that although the corpus callosum may be a sufficient pathway for the maintenance of stereopsis in cat, it is not necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237014
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efferent connections of area 20 in the cat: HRP-WGA and autoradiographic studies (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Area 20 ; Corticofugal connections ; Pupilloconstrictor area ; Near reflex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following injections of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin conjugate (HRP-WGA) and tritiated leucine into area 20 of the cat, terminal labeling was observed in visual areas 19, 21, the splenial visual area, the lateral suprasylvian area as well as in premotor, association and limbic related cerebral cortical regions. Labeled terminals in the subcortex were distributed in the caudate nucleus, the claustrum, the putamen, the anterior ventral nucleus, the intralaminar nuclei, the caudal division of the intermediate lateral nucleus, the lateralis posterior-pulvinar complex, the parvocellular C laminae of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. In HRP-WGA preparations, retrogradely labeled somata were observed in these regions with the exception of certain subcortical structures. The projections are discussed with respect to the possible role area 20 plays in the cortical control of pupillary constriction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237029
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An intracellular HRP-study of cat tensor tympani motoneurons (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 57 (1985), S. 499-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Tensor tympani motoneurons ; Somadendritic morphology ; Intracellular HRP ; Auditory nuclei ; Tensor tympani motor nucleus of V ; Trigeminal motor nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology of single tensor tympani motoneurons was investigated following antidromic identification and intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Eight motoneurons were selected for complete reconstruction and quantitative analysis. The mean size of tensor tympani somata (26.3±1.8 μm) make this parvocellular cluster of motoneurons below the trigeminal motor nucleus a population of the smallest cranial motoneurons yet described. Axons emerged from either the soma or a primary dendrite. They coursed dorsolaterally frequently through the trigeminal motor nucleus before looping ventrolaterally into the Vth nerve. No collaterals were observed within the brainstem. The 5 primary dendrites of each cell branched heavily and, on average, exhibited 40 terminal branches with an average tree expansion of 1262.5 μm. The dendritic arborization extended far beyond the nuclear boundaries described by the distribution of cell bodies. These data suggest that the overall membrane area for synaptic innervation is large and thus it provides morphological evidence for the hypothesis that tensor tympani motoneurons receive divergent multisensory synaptic input. The latter assumption was supported by morphological and electrophysiological evidence including close the proximity of motoneuronal dendrites to auditory (superior olivary complex) and somatosensory (trigeminal) relay centers. Since no dendrite ever entered the trigeminal motor nucleus proper the tensor motoneuron pool is distinct from the trigeminal not only in terms of soma size, location and function, but also the disposition and expansion of the postsynaptic receptive field. Based on these criteria the tensor tympani motoneuron pool should no longer be regarded as an accessory trigeminal nucleus but be recognized in its own right as the tensor tympani motor nucleus of V.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237837
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substantial reduction of noradrenaline in kitten visual cortex by intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine does not always prevent ocular dominance shifts after monocular deprivation (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 30-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Developmental plasticity ; Visual cortex ; Noradrenaline ; Cat ; 6-hydroxydopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten kittens had cannulas inserted into their lateral ventricles for daily injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). At 5–6 weeks of age one eye was sutured shut, and one week later recordings were made from the visual cortex to assay the ocular dominance of a sample of cells. In six kittens the injections of 6-OHDA were continued until the day before recording, while in four kittens the injections were stopped around the time of eye suture, on the assumption that continued injections of 6-OHDA over several days has effects that are not specific to the noradrenaline (NA) system and that the two procedures might show different results. In all animals the concentration of NA in the visual cortex near the site of recording was reduced by approximately 90%. In all animals the ocular dominance histograms recorded from the visual cortex were shifted so that the majority of cells (83 ± 13%) were dominated by the open eye. There were no substantial differences between the two groups of experimental animals or between the experimental animals and two control animals that had cannulas implanted and ascorbate alone injected without 6-OHDA. We conclude that the concentration of NA in the visual cortex can be reduced substantially by injections of 6-OHDA into the lateral ventricle without preventing the shift in ocular dominance that usually occurs after suturing shut the eyelids of one eye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237662
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cholinergic innervation of the visual thalamus: an EM immunocytochemical study (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 206-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Lateral geniculate nucleus ; ChAT-immunocyto-chemistry ; Cholinergic pathways ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study we demonstrate at the ultrastructural level that both the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), the visual relay of the thalamus, and the perigeniculate nucleus (PGN), the visual segment of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), are densely innervated by fibres with Choline-Acetyl-Transferase (ChAT) like immuno-reactivity. These axons make synaptic contacts with interneurones considered to be inhibitory, both in the PGN and within the synaptic glomeruli of the dLGN. In addition, Chat positive terminals form intra- and extraglomerular synapses with dendrites thought to arise from relay cells. We interpret these results as evidence for direct cholinergic modulation of both relay cells and inhibitory interneurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237681
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long term survival of cat retinal ganglion cells after intracranial optic nerve transection (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 633-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retinal ganglion cells ; Cat ; Optic nerve cut ; Retrograde labeling ; HRP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After intracranial transection of the optic nerve in cats the retinal stump of the nerve was injected with HRP. Surviving retinal ganglion cells can be retrogradely labeled at least up to 15.5 months of postoperative survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261356
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatotopic termination of spinal afferents to the feline lateral cervical nucleus (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 57 (1985), S. 576-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Lectin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase ; Lateral cervical nucleus ; Spinocervical tract ; Somatotopic termination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The labelling pattern of the feline lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) was investigated after pressure injections of lectin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase into cervical, thoracic or lumbar segments of the spinal cord. Sixteen cats received a 5–8 nl injection staining large parts of mainly the ipsilateral grey matter of a single segment. Light microscopic examination of frozen sections reacted with tetramethylbenzidine showed a somatotopic organization in the LCN. Rostral segments of the spinal cord projected mainly to rostroventral and medial parts of the ipsilateral LCN, while more caudally located segments projected to more dorsocaudal and lateral parts of the nucleus. Minor contralateral labelling with a similar somatotopic arrangement was seen in animals given cervical and lumbar injections. No significant labelling was found in the LCN of three control animals, the segmental injections of which were engaged mainly into the ipsilateral dorsal columns and the dorsolateral funiculus. Ultrastructural analysis in two animals which received multiple cervical or lumbar injections showed that about 70% of the peroxidase-positive structures in the LCN were boutons and the rest small myelinated axons. The precise termination pattern of ascending afferents to the LCN is compatible with the somatotopic organization of the other relay centres in the spino-cervicothalamic pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237844
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined lesions of septum, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior thalamus, mamillary bodies and cingulate and subicular cortex fail to impair the acquisition of complex learning tasks (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 58 (1985), S. 346-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Learning ; Limbic system ; Memory ; Multiple lesions ; Plasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous investigations (Irle and Markowitsch 1982a, 1983, 1984) demonstrated that triple or fourfold lesions within the cat's limbic system fail to produce learning impairments, as opposed to lesions of single or double loci, when tasks of visual reversal, delayed alternation, and active two-way avoidance were used. On the basis of these results, limbic regions of the cat's brain might be considered unessential for intact learning and mnemonic functions. Therefore, in order to obtain indisputable information on the importance of the limbic system for learning and memory, lesions of nearly all limbic core regions of the cat were performed. Ten cats received lesions of seven limbic core regions: the septum, amygdala, anterior thalamus, mamillary bodies, cingulate cortex, subicular cortex, and the hippocampus proper. Nine of these animals were tested postoperatively in the acquisition of a visual reversal task, a spatial alternation and delayed alternation task, and an active two-way avoidance task, and were then compared to the performance levels of ten control animals. The experimental animals turned out to be unimpaired in all tasks tested; the performance scores in the visual reversal and delayed alternation task and — for some experimental animals in the active two-way avoidance task even indicate a slight, though statistically insignificant, facilitation in the learning behavior of these animals. It is assumed that the learning functions underlying the tasks used were taken over by other brain regions, which, prior to massive limbic lesions, may be suppressed or otherwise inhibited. Alternatively, utilization of spared tissue in the damaged limbic regions must be considered as the possible explanation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235316
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of cytochrome oxidase activity in areas 17, 18 and 19 of the visual cortex of cats and kittens (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 58 (1985), S. 125-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Kitten ; Cytochrome oxidase ; Visual cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The laminar pattern of cytochrome oxidase activity was studied in visual cortical areas 17,18 and 19 in adult cats and kittens, following electrophysiological determination of the boundaries of these areas in all but the youngest animals. The patterns of cytochrome oxidase staining and the cytoarchitectonic appearances of areas 17, 18 and 19 were compared. At all ages activity was especially high in the region of layers IV and VI in areas 17 and 18, and was low in all laminae in area 19. The results suggest that the degree of cytochrome oxidase activity in these regions of the visual cortex may be related to the strength and type of projection that they receive from the lateral geniculate nucleus. The cytochrome oxidase technique is a useful means of defining the 18/19 border, and may help locate the boundary between areas 17 and 18, in both adult cats and kittens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238960
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between inhibitory pathways to principal cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 58 (1985), S. 134-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Lateral geniculate nucleus ; Recurrent inhibitory system ; Variable gain regulator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Inhibitory interactions between interneurones of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the cat were studied with an indirect method based on intracellular recordings of synaptic responses in principal cells. Recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), evoked by antidromic activation of principal cell axons in the visual cortex, were depresse by a preceding stimulation of the optic tract or the visual cortex. Disynaptic feed-forward IPSPs, evoked by optic tract stimulation, were likewise depressed after cortex stimulation. The duration of the depression was in both cases about 100 ms. The effect was not due to conductance changes in the recorded principal cells or to activation of corticogeniculate fibres. The observations indicate that perigeniculate neurones, the recurrent inhibitory interneurones of the LGN, have mutual inhibitory connexions and that they also project to intrageniculate interneurones, the inhibitory cells in the feed-forward pathway to principal cells. These conclusions were supported by intracellular recordings from a few interneurones. No evidence was found for interaction between feed-forward interneurones activated from separate eyes or for a projection from intrageniculate interneurones to perigeniculate cells. The results point to an unexpected similarity in the organization of the recurrent inhibitory system of principal cells in the LGN and of spinal motoneurones. It is suggested that the recurrent system of the LGN serves as a variable gain regulator in analogy with a recently proposed model for the spinal system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238961
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical stimulation of arterial and central chemosensory afferents at different times in the respiratory cycle of the cat: I. Ventilatory responses (1985)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 403 (1985), S. 415-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Arterial chemoreceptors ; Cat ; Control of breathing ; Electrical stimulation ; Intracranial chemosensitivity ; Oesophageal pressure ; Respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ventilatory responses to stimulation of chemoreceptor afferents were studied in the anesthetized, spontaneously breathing cat. Short bursts of electrical stimuli were applied, at various times in the inspiratory or expiratory phase of consecutive breaths, to the carotid sinus (CSN) and aortic nerves (AN) and to the ventral medulla (VM), and effects on tidal volume (V T), inspiratory, expiratory and cycle durationst I,t E,t tot) and in ventilation (E) were measured. The responses evoked by stimulating CSN, AN and VM were qualitatively the same, although there were quantitative differences. It was found that effects of stimulation in expiration were restricted to the expiratory phase, and vice versa for inspiration. Stimulation during both inspiration and expiration resulted in increasedV T, by increasing end-inspiratory or decreasing end-expiratory lung volume, respectively, and also increased ventilation, E. These effects were most marked in response to stimulation in inspiration. During both phases there was an increasing effect with increasing delay of the stimulus,t St, from onset of inspiration or expiration, respectively. There was a continuous increase int I, from below control to above control values, with increasingt St during inspiration and similarly fort E during expiration. Hence, the total respiratory cycle duration was shortened when a stimulus was applied early in either phase, and was prolonged, when it was applied late. The results show that stimulation of peripheral and of central chemoafferents exerts qualitatively similar effects on respiration. The central neuronal mechanisms generating both inspiration and expiration show the same changes in reactivity in the respiratory cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00589255
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A developmental study of retinal afferents and visual responses in the cat pretectum (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 350-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pretectum ; Development ; Retinal afferents ; Visual responses ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal responses in the pretectum (PT) were analyzed in 4–16 week old kittens after visual and electrical stimulation and compared with adult responses from a previous study. All three retinal fiber types projecting to the adult PT could be electrically activated in kittens from 4 weeks on. There was a dramatic reduction of response latencies to electric shocks to retinal afferents applied at the optic chiasm (OX) and optic tract (OT) in postsynaptic cells as a function of age, involving X-, Y-, and Wfibers. At four through six weeks postnatally the reduction in latency was found to be due to enhanced signal transmission at the axonal terminal region. Latency reduction continued after six weeks of life due to sharp increases in conduction velocity of the afferent fibers. Different steps in the maturation of visual response specifity were found for neurons of different functional types. Possible relationships are discussed between the development of neuronal responses of pretectal cells and the maturation of oculomotor behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235930
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional and developmental analysis of a visual corticopretectal pathway in the cat: a neuroanatomical and electrophysiological study (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 363-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pretectum ; Development ; Cortical influence ; Receptive field properties ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sensory corticopretectal projection in the cat and in its postnatal development were investigated combining neuroanatomical and electrophysiological techniques. The anatomical pattern of fiber termination was studied in relation to age using the anterograde HRP tracing method. Large injections were made in areas 17 and 18 of one or both hemispheres in 1–13 week old kittens and cats. Terminal label in the ipsilateral pretectum was seen only after the fourth week of life. Electrical stimulation in the same cortical areas evoked postsynaptic orthodromic excitation in 9–18% of cells at 4 weeks increasing to about 60% in the adult. In cats, but not in kittens, successful stimulation depended on the retinotopic matching of stimulation and recording sites. In adult cats a high incidence of direction and velocity tuning and a high degree of binocularity were seen in cells driven by the cortex as opposed to cells not so driven. Cortex driven cells in cats and kittens received convergent retinal input mainly via direct W-fibers, whereas cells not driven from cortex shock mainly received delayed W-fiber input. In kittens visual responses lacked sensitivity for direction and high movement velocity of patterns until 6 weeks postnatally, whereas ocular dominance distribution was not age-dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235931
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of stimulation of the reticulo-hypothalamic-hippocampal systems on the cerebral blood flow and neocortical and hippocampal electrical activity in cats (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 551-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Reticulo-hypothalamic-hippocampal system ; Cerebral blood flow ; ECoG ; Hippocampal electrical activity ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of stimulation of the medial and lateral reticulo-hypothalamic-hippocampal (RHH) systems on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and electrical activity of the hippocampus and neocortex was examined in 19 encéphale isolé cats. ECoG was recorded from posterior sigmoid gyri and marginal gyri and hippocampal activity from dorsal hippocampus. Changes in hippocampal activity were evoked by electrical stimulation of RHH systems. CBF was measured by external monitoring of the clearance of 133Xe given as a single bolus in the carotid artery. Stimulation of the lateral system resulted in desynchronisation of ECoG and hippocampal activity without changes in CBF. Stimulation of the medial system elicited desynchronisation in ECoG modulated by theta-like synchrony, theta activity in the hippocampus and a 45% CBF increase. After atropine administration, low frequency, high voltage waves appeared in both ECoG and hippocampal activity, but no change in CBF was observed. During stimulation of the medial system there were no changes in the type of electrical activity but the CBF response was still preserved (increase by 50%). Stimulation of the lateral system did not change either the type of electrical activity or the CBF. The results indicate that the two systems of neuronal pathways, which mediate two different patterns of electrical response in the dorsal hippocampus but similar ECoG activity in the neocortex, elicit different CBF responses. It is argued that the alterations of electrical activity of the neocortex and hippocampus mediated by these two pathways depend on the cholinergic system, whereas the CBF changes depend on a different mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236941
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motion after-effects in cat striate cortex elicited by moving gratings (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 60 (1985), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vision ; Motion after-effects ; Cat ; Visual cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Responses of striate cortical neurones to bars of optimal orientation and width, moving with fixed velocity, were recorded in the lightly anaesthetized cat. Effects of periods of pre-adaptation with square-wave gratings of variable spatial frequency and velocity, drifting continuously in each cell's preferred or null directions, were investigated. Variations of cells' directional bias and responsiveness to oriented bars were assessed in relation to the degree and time-course of pre-adaptation to drifting gratings, compared with the preceding level of firing when exposed to uniform backgrounds of the same average luminance. All cells showed some susceptibility to pre-adapting moving gratings: subsequent responses to a bar were initially depressed in the direction of pre-adaptation and, in direction-biased or bidirectional cells, were enhanced in the opposite direction, compared with bar responses following exposure merely to a uniform background. These effects were strongest and most consistent amongst standard complex cells and weakest amongst special complex cells: maximal effects were obtained with adapting gratings of optimal velocity and spatial frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235938
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extravasation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the cerebral microvasculature (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 399-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebral microvasculature ; Inflammatory reaction ; Polymorphonuclear leukocytes ; α-Bungarotoxin ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Postcapillary venules represent the segment of the microvasculature most vulnerable to inflammatory processes. While there is a considerable body of data on the peripheral vasculature, little is known about the primary events occurring during inflammatory reactions in cererbral blood vessels. We introduce here a model by which the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes through the CNS endothelial barrier can be studied. Alpha-bungarotoxin is used as a chemotactic agent and is shown, for the first time, to act by activating the complement cascade. Leukocytes migrate through the endothelium transcellularly. Two modes of migration are described: (i) a direct mode whereby the cells use temporary pores in the vessel wall as portals, and (ii) an indirect mode whereby the leukocytes leave the vascular compartment after being enveloped by and incorporated into endothelial cells. The functional implications of these findings lead us to conclude that the direct mode of migration is a causal agent in the massive breakdown of the blood-brain barrier under acute inflammatory conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214554
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immuno-electron-microscopic localization of a centriole-related antigen in ciliated cells (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 239 (1985), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Centriolar antigen ; Basal body ; Immunoelectron microscopy ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An antigen common to purported centriolar and basal body regions of a variety of cell types was previously visualized by immuno-fluorescence microscopy. The present study demonstrates the localization of the antigen relative to the defined basal body structures of ciliated tracheal cells at the electron-microscopic level. After ethyldimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide-glutaraldehyde-saponin (EGS) fixation and permeabilization, immunoferritin labeling is consistently found associated with amorphous electron-opaque material in proximity to basal bodies and their ciliary rootlets, but not with basal body microtubules themselves. This distribution pattern is distinct from that of other proteins found in the apical region of ciliated cells, such as calmodulin. It is proposed that the dense material may be analogous to pericentriolar material of centrosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214901
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oligodendrocytes in the pons and middle cerebellar peduncle of the cat (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 240 (1985), S. 541-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oligodendroglia ; Neuroglia ; Perineuronal satellites ; Interfascicular glia ; Pons ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphology, microtopography and numerical density of oligodendrocytes were analyzed by light microscopy in the pontine gray and middle cerebellar peduncle of adult cats. The cells were selectively stained by use of the dicyanoargentate technique (Ogawa et al. 1975) that visualizes the entire cell population including perikarya and characteristic features of processes. On the basis of different microtopographical relations to neuronal perikarya and/or transversely oriented axon bundles, six groups of oligodendrocytes were separately analyzed: interfascicular, intrafascicular, perifascicular, perineuronal satellite, perifascicular-perineuronal, and “neuropil” cells. The cell morphology did not co-vary with any of these groups, but the shape of oligodendrocytes was on an average more elongated in the peduncle than in the pontine gray. The average cell density was similar in the gray and white matter (55000–56000 cells/mm3). However, 76% of the cells were concentrated near neuronal perikarya and axon bundles in a volume fraction of only 34%. Between adjacent neurons and axon bundles the cell density was even higher suggesting an additive behavior of these two topographical groups of oligodendrocytes. Axon bundles within the pontine gray contained only very few oligodendrocytes (density 6% that of the peduncle). These observations and quantitative data suggest that the perifascicular cells belong to the group of oligodendrocytes that are topographically related to axons (similar to interfascicular glia of the white matter) rather than to neuronal perikarya or neuropil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216343
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Nucleophilic Heteroaromatic Substitutions. XLII [1] The Reaction of 5-Methyl-4-Phenoxyquinazoline with Piperidine in Isooctane: Further Evidence for Steric Inhibition of Bifunctional Catalysis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 865-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270520
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    Eine einstufige Synthese von Azomethan (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 868-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A One-pot Synthesis of Azomethane
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270521
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  • 37
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    Zur Struktur und dem Komplexbildungsverhalten von 7-[1-(Anilino)-1-(aryl)-methyle]-chinolin-8-olen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 871-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Structure of 7-[1-(Anilino)-1-(aryl)-methyl]-quinolin-8-oles and Their Behaviour in Forming of Complexes
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270522
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  • 38
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    Kalinowski, H.-O.; Berger, St.; Braun, S.: 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie. XII, 685S., 142Abb., 200 Tab., Format 15,5 × 23cm. Stuttgart-New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1984. brosch. 98,-DM (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 878-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270523
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  • 39
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    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270601
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  • 40
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    Synthesis, electronic spectra and solvatochromic behaviour of 4-arylidene-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-3-methyl-2-Pyrazolin-5-ones (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 923-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The u.v.-visible electronic spectra of 4-arylidene-1-(2, 4-dinitrophenyl)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones (1a-f) have been studied. The different bands observed have been assigned to the proper electronic transition. Solvatochromic behaviour of these compounds is investigated by studying their visible spectra in organic solvents of different polarity. The longer wavelength band displayed by the hydroxy derivatives is assigned to an intermolecular CT transition. The H-bonding solvated complexes formed between ethanol or DMF and p-hydroxy substituted derivative are investigated. Transition moment (μCT), ΔG and Kf values of these complexes have been determined.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270609
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  • 41
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    Synthesis of Methyl 7-Bromo-5-heptynoate - a building block for the carboxylic side chain of prostaglandinsProstaglandins and Prostaglandin Intermediates. XVI. 15th communication see [1]. The content of this publication is subject of GDR-patent 200 468 (Chem. Abstr. 99 (1983) 194 443) and GDR-patent 214374 (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 917-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl 7-bromo-5-heptynoate (11) was synthesized in 8 steps using the alkylation of 1-(2H-tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)-2-propyne with 1-bromo-4-chloro-butane as a key reaction step. Furthermore it was shown, that also the unprotected propargyl alcohol (12) can be C-alkylated with high chemoselectivity using 1-bromo-4-chloro-butane. In this way the number of necessary reaction steps could be reduced without decrease in the total yield. Attempts failed to use trimethylsilyl 4-bromo-butanoate or 4-bromo-butyl acetate as alkylating reagent in this synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270608
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  • 42
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    Zur Rhodium-katalysierten Carbonylierung aromatischer Nitroverbindungen zu Isocyanaten. III. Zur Sauerstoffübertragung bei der Carbonylierung von Nitromesitylen in Gegenwart von Rhodium(I)carbonylchlorid und Molybdänoxychlorid (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 932-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Rhodium Catalyzed Carbonylation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds to Form Arylisocyanates. III. On Oxygen Transfer in the Carbonylation of Nitromesitylene in the Presence of Rhodium(I)Carbonyl Chloride and Molybdenum OxytrichlorideRh2Cl2(CO4) and MoOCl3 or MoOCl4 catalyze the carbonylation of nitromesitylene to form mesityl isocyanate at 1000C and normal pressure. Experiments with Mo18OCl3 show that the deoxygenation of the nitro group proceeds directly by the CO ligand. The 18O-atom of the cocatalyst is not involved in the oxygen transfer process. Experimental evidence is given for the formation of an oxomolybdenum complex in situ containing the deoxygenated nitromesitylene as a structure unit.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270610
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  • 43
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    Determination of relative Autoxidation Rates of Simple Alkylaromatic Hydrocarbons by competitive reactions (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 945-952 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Relative rates of oxidative attack at the C—H bonds in α-position to the aromatic nucleus were determined for 10 simple alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. The results obtained by competitive oxidations of binary mixtures were shown to be consistent. From these results and the regioselectivity data already published, relative reactivities referring to the tertiary C—H bond of cumene were calculated for all C—H bonds of the hydrocarbons studied.As expected, p-alkyl groups increase the reactivity of C—H bonds in α-position to the aromatic nucleus. On the other hand, large alkyl groups, bound to the α-C atoms, decrease the reactivity of the α-C—H bonds.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270612
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  • 44
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    Racematspaltung von 2,3-Diphenylbernsteinsäure (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1023-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270622
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  • 45
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    Dynamic N.M.R. studies of hindered rotation on N—C(X) bond fragment XVIIIpart XVII: E. Kleinpeter, S. Behrendt and L. Beyer, Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 495 (1982) 105.. Restricted rotation about the partial C,N-double bond in substituted thioacetamides (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1025-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270623
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  • 46
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    Use of a Mercury Bubble Electrode for preparative organic electrolysis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1028-1032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270624
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  • 47
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    Nuhn, P.; Hofmann, H.- J.: Molekulare Wirkungsmechanismen von Pharmaka. Eine Einfuhrung in die Molekularpharmakologie. - E. Hofmann, 188 S., 30 Abb., 17 Tab., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag 1985. Wissenschaftliche Taschenbücher (WTB/Biologie) Brosch. 16, - M (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1036-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270626
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  • 48
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    Synthese von 2,7,12,17-Tetraoxa-teranaphtho-(1,2-f h f′h′)-dispiro[8.0.8.1]-nonadecan-ein Vertreter des[8.0.8.1] Dispiran-Typs (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1033-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 2,7,12,17-Tetraoxa-tetranaphtho-(1,2-fhf′h′)-dispiro[8.0.8.1]-nonadecanes-An Example of [8.0.8.1] DispiranesIn einer früheren Mitteilung[1] wurden Dispiran-Systeme beschrieben, welche Repräsentanten der Klasse [6.0.6.1] waren. Die Synthesen dieser Dispirane erfolgten durch Kondensation des 1,1,2,2-Tetrakis(brommethyl)cyclopropans mit 1,2-Diolen,in die gegenseitige Lage der funktionellen Gruppen jedesmal fixiert und genau bestimmt war. Gegenstand der vorliegenden betrachtungen sind Versuche, eine Synthese des [8.0.8.1]-Dispirans auf ähnlichem Wege, wenn auch unter Verwendung labiler Diphenole auszuarbeiten. Zu diesem Zweck wurden zwei reaktive Diphenole mit extrem verschiedenen Rotationsmöglichketen um die Einfachbindung gewählt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270625
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  • 49
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    Synthese von Heterocyclen durch Cycloaddition. IV. Azomethine als Dienophile (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1041-1044 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds by Cycloaddition Reactions. IV Azomethines as Dienophiles
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270628
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  • 50
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    Radikalabfang. II. Abfang und ESR-spektroskopischer Nachweis von Radikalen CH-acider Pyrazolidin-3,5-dione (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1037-1040 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spin Trapping. II. Trapping of radicals from CH-acidic Pyrazolidin-3,5-diones and their Detection by ESR-Spectroscopy
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270627
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    13C- und 15N-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Push-pull-butadienen4. Mitteilung über spektroskopische Untersuchungen von Butadienderivaten; 3. Mitteilung vgl. [2] (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 103-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C and 15N N.M.R. Spectroscopic Investigations on Push-pull Butadienes13C and 15N n.m.r. spectroscopic investigations show the push-pull-character of the investigated butadienes 1 and 2. Linear correlations exist between 13C and 15N chemical shifts and σp-constants of substituents on the phenyl ring, and between 13C chemical shifts and ΔG≠ values of the C1=C2 rotation process in 1, respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270115
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    Prostaglandins and prostaglandin intermediates. XVFor paper XIV of this series see [1]. The content of this publication is in part subject of the GDR-patents 138 768 and 157 096 (Chem. Abstr. 93, 94833 (1980) and 98, 197875 (1983)).. Synthesis of 4-Oxo Carboxylic Acids and γ-Lactones by oxidative cleavage of homoallyl and homopropargyl ketones or alcohols (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 91-95 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A convenient method to convert homoallyl or homopropargyl ketones or alcohols into 4-oxo carboxylic acids or γ-lactones is the oxidative cleavage of the multiple bond with potassium permanganate in diluted sulfuric acid. This is exemplified by the preparation of intermediates for the synthesis of 8-methylprostaglandin C2. The oxidation of the allylic compounds with permanganate is compared with the oxidative cleavage by ozone/hydrogen peroxide, ozone/chromic acid or sodium periodate/potassium permanganate.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270112
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    EPR-Untersuchungen kernchlorierter 4-DimethylaminophenylkationenTeilergebnisse wurden auf der Fotografia Academica, Pardubice, ČSSR, 1982 als Vortrag vorgestellt. (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 117-120 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: EPR Investigations of Ring Chlorinated 4-DimethylaminophenylcationsThe influence of the position and the number of chlorine atoms in the ring of 4-dimethylaminophenylcations on the zero-field-splitting(zfs) parameter Dis investigated. It was found that the π-donor ability of the chlorine atom(s) ind 2(6)-position(s) increases the zfs parameter D. In the case of 3(5)-substitution the value of D decreases because of the steric hindrance of the dimethylamino-group.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270117
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    Untersuchungen zum UV/Vis-Spektralverhalten von Azofarbstoffen. XII. Eine Analyse der Korrelationen zwischen Absorptionsmaxima und den Hammett-σ-Konstanten der Substituenten (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 121-128 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies on UV/Vis Absorption Spectra of Azo Dyes. XII. An Analysis of the Correlations between Absorption Maxima and Hammett-σ-Constants for the SubstituentsPreviously claimed relationships between wavelength shifts and Hammett-σ-constants for the substituents are mostly unfounded. In certain cases, good linear correlations are found, but in other cases the plots deviate appreciably from linearity.We have examined such correlations on the basis of the classification scheme of organic dyes suggested by Fabian (charge transfer-(CT)-chromophores, locally excited-(LE)-chromophores) respectively Griffiths (donor-acceptor chromogens, cyanine-type chromogens).It was shown that good linear correlations should be obtained by LE-chromophores (cyanine-type chromogens). In CT-chromophores (donor-acceptor chromogens) however, an electron withdrawing substituent in the acceptor fragment causes a bathochromic displacement of the absorption maxima, and in the donor fragment it has little influence. A reversed behaviour was assumed for electron releasing substituents. Thus in CT-chromophores V-type correlations should be obtained.These rules are equally applieable to interpret the linear relationships between σ-constants and the difference between the absorption maxima of two different, equilibrating species.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270118
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    The reactions of Boron and Aluminium Isopropoxides with the imines derived from sulphonamides (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 144-150 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270121
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    Pyryliumverbindungen, XXVI. Vergleichende UV/Vis-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an 3-Methyl-2,4,6-triaryl-pyrylium-perchloraten (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 151-155 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrylium Compounds. XXVI. Comparative U.V./Vis. Studies on 3-Methyl-2,4,6-triarylpyrylium Perchlorates
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270122
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    Zuordnung der 13C-NMR-Spektren von Cl-substituierten 4-Nitro-N, N-dimethylanilinen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 161-164 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Assignment of 13C-N.M.R. Spectra of Cl-substituted 4-Nitro-N,N-dimethylanilines
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270124
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    Reaction with benzo[b]thiophene-2,3-dione A Novel Synthesis of Thiocoumarin Derivatives (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 333-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270219
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    EPR-Untersuchungen zur Photolyse halogenierter organischer Verbindungen. I. Reine Phasen halogenierter Verbindungen (CBr4, CHBr3, CCl4, CHCl3) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 310-316 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: EPR-Investigations on the Photolysis of Halogenated Organic Compounds I. Pure Halogenated Compounds (CBr4, CHBr3, CCl4 and CHCl3)EPR-spectra of CBr4, CHBr3 and CDBr3, exposed to u.v.-light and γ-rays respectively, are presented. They are discussed and compared with the results of the photolysis of CH2Br2, CH3Br and CCl4, CHCl2, CH2Cl2 and CH3Cl. Under stationary conditions at 77K it was possible to identify paramagnetic species like \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm CBr}_4\,^{_{\bar.}} $\end{document}, ·CBr3, ·CH3, ·C2H5, ·CCl3 and trapped electrons.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270216
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    EPR-Untersuchungen zur Photolyse halogenierter organischer Verbindungen. II. CHBr3 und CBr4 in glasartigen und polykristallinen Matrices (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 317-327 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: EPR-Investigations on the Photolysis of Halogenated Organic Compounds. II. CHBr3 and CBr4 in Glassy and Polycrystalline MatricesPhotolysis of CHBr3, CDBr3 and CBr4 in glassy and polycrystalline matrices (alcohols, diethylether, benzene derivatives and KBr) at T ≥ 77 K yields stationary e.p.r.-spectra in the range of effective g-factor from 2.2 to 1.9. By comparison of the spectra of CHBr3 and CDBr3, exposed to γ-rays and u.v. light respectively, and the spectra of these compounds in matrices it was shown that the photolysis in matrices produces the species \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm CBr}_4\,^{_{\bar.}} $\end{document}, ·CBr3 and α-Br-radicals from the halogenated compounds and HĊO, ·CH3, CH3ĊHOH, RĊHOH, and ·C2H5 from the matrix. Photolysis of halogenated compounds in CH3OH and CD3OD yields only HĊO and ·CH3 together with a very small amount of bromine-containing radicals. In all other investigated matrices the concentration of bromine containing species is controlled by physical and chemical properties of the matrix. Time development of the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm CBr}_4\,^{_{\bar.}} $\end{document}-radical and of those generated from the matrix is different and gives insight into the complex photoreaction in solid matrices.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270217
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    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270301
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  • 62
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    Chemische Desoxyoligonucleotidsynthese mit einer kontinuierlichen Festphasenmethode (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 337-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solid Phase Synthesis of Oligodesoxynucleotides by a Continuous-flow Method
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270220
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  • 63
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    Nucleophilic Substitution of Chloride by Acetate in polyethylene glycol 400 (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 350-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270221
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  • 64
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    Polarity of Some Oxime Extractants as determined by gas-liquid-chromatography (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 353-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polarity index, retention index, coefficient ϱ and partial Gibbs function of one mole of a solute methylene group and the Sevcik A criterion were determined at different temperatures for some aromatic hydroxyoximes and intermediate ketones by means of gas-liquid chromatography using n-alkanes as nonpolar agents and n-alcohols as polar agents. The relations between these parameters and the relations between the polarity and the compound structure were discussed.In the oxime and ketone molecules the polarity of the hydrophilic groups changes in the following order: —OH〉=NOH〉—O—;and —OH〉—C=O〉—O—, respectively. The ketones have less polarity than the oximes. The phenolic hydroxyl group has twice the polarity of the oxime and the carbonyl groups. The chlorine atom at the ortho position in relation to the hydroxyl group sharply increases the polarity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270302
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    β-Thiocyanatovinylcarbonylverbindungen. XI. Ungewöhnliche Substituenteneffekte bei der massenspektrometrischen Fragmentierung von β-Thiocyanatovinylaldehyden (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 362-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: β-Thiocyanatovinylcarbonyl Compounds. XI. Unusual Substituent Effects in the Mass-spectrometrical Fragmentation of β-ThiocyanatovinylaldehydesThe mass spectra of homologous Z/E-isomers and constitutional isomers of β-thiocyanatovinylaldehydes are discussed. The main fragmentation consisting of HCN-loss from the molecular ion is influenced by the substituents so that the constitutional and steric isomers can be clearly distinguished by the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm M - HC}\left. {\overline {\, {\rm N} \,}}\! \right| + /{\rm M + }^ \cdot $\end{document} ratio. Alkyl homologues with a hydrogen atom in γ-position to the aldehyde group show an unusual intensive CN-radical loss due to a „hidden hydrogen rearrangement“, which was proved by deuteration experiments.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270303
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    Durch bisquartäre Ammoniumsalze katalysierte Zweiphasenreaktion von 1-Bromoctan mit Natriumacetat und Kaliumacetat (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 383-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two-Phase Reaction of 1-Bromooctane with Sodium Acetate and Potassium Acetate Catalyzed by Diquaternary Ammonium SaltsNew unsaturated diquaternary ammonium salts (diquats) were prepared in two ways from ditertiary amines 3 and 1-bromoalkanes or from 1, 4-dibromobut-2t-ene and tertiary monoamines. A comparison of their catalytic ability with that of saturated diquats and with that of corresponding monoquats was made. The reaction of n-C8H17Br with NaOAc or KOAc in the two-phase system liquid-liquid without an additional solvent is catalyzed more effectively by the unsaturated diquats than by the saturated diquats and the monoquats. Most of the used quats catalyze the ester formation from NaOAc more effectively in the system liquid-liquid, however, the ester formation from KOAc more effectively in the system solid-liquid; KOAc is generally superior to NaOAc in both systems. Consequently, in the phase-transfer catalyzed ester formation from alkali acetate and alkyl halides not only the structure of the quat but also the inorganic cation of the acetate have influence on the rate of conversion.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270305
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    1H-, 13C- und 15N-NMR-Untersuchungen zur Tautomerie von Bispyrazolonen vom Typ der 4,4′-Methyliden-bis-(3-stearoylamino-1-phenyl-pyrazolin-5-one) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 371-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H-N.M.R., 13C-N.M.R., and 15N-N.M.R.-Investigations Concerning Tautomerism of Bispyrazolons of 4,4′-Methyliden-bis-(3-stearoylamino-1-phenyl-pyrazolin-5-on) TypeWith the help of 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shifts of the n.m.r. signals of the structure elements OH, NHCO, 13C-5, 15N-1, 15N-2 and 15N-2-H and using the coupling constants nJ(15N—H) and nJ(13C—15N) (n = 1, 2) of the doubly 15N labelled bispyrazolone 1, a chelated and an associated species were shown to exist in the slightly polar solvent CDCl3. The chelated bispyrazolone (BC)ch contains one pyrazolone ring in the tautomeric NH form B and the other in the tautomeric OH form C. In the associated bispyrazolone (BB)as, both pyrazolone rings exist in the NH form B. Observation of the time, concentration and temperature dependence of the n.m.r. spectra of 1 resulted in the detection of complex exchange processes in tautomeric equilibrium. Apart from the intermolecular exchange process (BC)ch ⇌ (BB)as, another exchange process (BC)ch ⇌ (CB)ch occurs, with intermolecular interactions being involved. It has been established that in the case of substitution in the methylidene bridge (2, 3) the lefthand side of the equilibrium (BC)ch ⇌ (BB)as participates in the process to a greater extent than in the case of 1 (unsubstituted methylidene bridge).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270304
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    Photoinduzierte Elektronenübertragungsreaktionen zwischen aromatischen Diazoniumkationen und Anionen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 399-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoinduced Electron Transfer between Arenediazonium Cations and AnionsAnions X⊖ can act as donors in electron transfer reactions to photoexcited arenediazonium ions. The yield of the arene formed in this reaction increases with decreasing electrochemical oxidation potential EoxD of X⊖ (X⊖ = BPh4⊖, Br⊖, HOOC—COO⊖, Cl⊖, BF4⊖). The oxidized donor X· (Cl·, ·COO⊖) and aryl radicals Ar· benig intermediates of the reductive dediazoniation of ArN2⊖ can be detected by spin trapping with nitrosodurene (ND) and phenyl-tert-butylnitrone (PBN). A solvent effect in the electron transfer reaction is interpreted in terms of ion pairing, where the electron transfer is favored by preorientation and a short distance between the electron donor and the acceptor previous to excitation of ArN2⊖ by light.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270306
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    Solvenseffekte bei der Photoinduzierten Elektronenübertragung von ungeladenen Donatoren auf Arendiazoniumsalze (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 411-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solvent Effects in the Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reaction of Uncharged Donors with Arenediazonium SaltsIn the photochemical electron transfer reactions to arene diazonium salts no strong Coulomb forces arise but the rate constants possibly vary in dependence on the state of the diazonium salt (tight ion pair in nonpolar solvents or free diazonium cations). This problem is studied in the present work using anthracene and tetracene, respectively, as electron donors. They react in their S1 states diffusion-controlled with ion pairs ArN2⊖ BF4⊖, whereas the respective triplet reactions proceed up to 103 times more slowly. These rates are not significantly influenced by the dielectric properties of the solvent. Thus, ion pairing of the diazonium salts in solvents of low polarity has no screening effect on the electron transfer.This behavior is explained including electrostatic effects into the MARCUS theory of outer sphere electron transfer processes. No indication of a Marcus inverted region was found.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270307
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    Complexation Ability of Quinophthalone (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 516-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270318
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  • 71
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    Derivatisierung von Aminen mit 4-substituierten 7-Nitrobenz-2,1,3-oxadiazolen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 487-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Derivatization of Amines with 4-Substitured 7-NitrobenzofurazansElectrophilc derivatives of 4-nitro-benzofurazan with different reactivities were used to synthesize 28 new mono- and disubstituted 4-amino-7-nitrobenzofurazans 2b, 2d, 2f-2i, 2l, 2m-2n, 3b-3f, 3h-3j, 4e-4d, 4f-4k, 4m, 4o-4p. A reaction mechanism is proposed on the basis of the differences of the reactivities and a preliminary kinetic examination. The acid character of the N—H-function in monosubstituted compounds is demonstrated by means of spectroscopical investigation of pKa-values.Data from i.r., u. v./vis, and fluorescence studies are offered.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270316
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    Applications of Phase Transfer Catalysis in the Acridine Series. III. A Simple and Convenient Synthesis of 9-Aminoacridine Derivatives (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 521-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270319
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    Photochemie substituierter Cycloheptatriene. XVIIXVI. Mitt.: W. ABRAHAM, R. LANGE, W. PAULICK u. D. KREYSIG: Z. Chem. 23, 182 (1983).. 1-Aryl-4-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-cycloheptatriene (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 505-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemistry of Substituted Cycloheptatrienes. XVII. 1-Aryl-4-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-cycloheptatrienesThe photochemistry of the title compounds is different from that of the isomeric 1-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-4-aryl-cycloheptatrienes. The sigmatropic 1, 7-hydrogen shift is dominant caused by the arylic substituent in position 1 of the seven-membered ring. Only strong donor substituents like the p-methoxyphenyl group in position 1 cause photovalence tautomerism.The properties of solvents influence both the quantum yields of the photoreactions and the fluorescence quantum yields. The connections between the fluorescing state and the photoreactivity are discussed. Solvent viscosity and polarity are shown to be relevant for the deactivation parameters.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270317
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    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270401
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  • 75
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    Zur NMR-spektroskopischen Z/E-Konfigurationsbestimmung von 1,2-Dithioethen-Derivaten (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N.M.R. Spectroscopic Z/E Configuration Determination of 1,2-Dithioethene Derivatives
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270320
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  • 76
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    Methylation of 5-Aldehydo-6-arylpyridazin-3(2H)-ones via reaction with dimethyl and pentamethyl cuprates (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 536-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Me5Cu3Li2 in ether or ether-pentane mixtures, converts the title compounds efficiently into the corresponding 4-methyl derivatives (5) via conjugate methylation of either α,β-unsaturated aldehyde or N=C—C=C system, together with ⋍20% of 1,2 adducts (6 and 7). With Me2CuLi, however, the product contains, as an average, ⋍55% of 1, 2 adducts and ⋍45% of 1,4-isomer. On the other hand, with MeMgI no 1, 2-methylation could be observed and the only product obtaind is the 1, 4-isomer.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270403
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    Pyryliumverbindungen. XXVII. Spezifisch deuterierte Carbo- und Heterocyclen via 2,4,6-Triaryl-[3,5-2H2]pyryliumsalze (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 529-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrylium Compounds. XXVIII. Specifically Deuterated Carbo- and heterocycles via 2,4,6-Triaryl[3,5-2H2]pyrylium SaltsOn heating with catalytic amounts of bases(e.g. triethyl amine) in deuterated alcohols such as methan[2H]ol or ethan[2H]ol pseudobases of 2, 4, 6-triarylpyrylium salts 1 undergo fast1H/2H isotopic exchange reaction affording 1, 3, 5-triaryl[2, 4, 4-2H3]pent-2-ene-1,5-diones which with [2H] perchloric acid give highly deuterated 2, 4, 6-triaryl-[3, 5-2H] pyrylium perchlorates 8. These salts are obtainable also directly from 1 through a one-pot procedure by ring opening of the latter with deuterium oxide under the above-mentioned1H/2H isotopic exchange conditions followed by recyclization of the formed 1, 3, 5-triaryl[2, 4, 4-2H3]pent-2-ene-1, 5-diones with [2H]ClO4. Ring transformations of 2, 4, 6-triphenyl[3, 5-2H2]pyrylium perchlorate (8a) to 2, 4, 6-triphenyl[3, 5-2H2]nitrobenzene (9) 2, 4, 6-triphenyl[3, 5-2H2]pyridine (10), 1, 2, 4, 6-tetraphenyl[3, 5-2H2]pyrydinium perchlorate(11), 2, 4, 6-triphencyl[3, 5-2H2]thiopyrylium perchlorate(12), 2-benzoyl-3, 5-diphenyl[4-2H]furan (13), and 3, 5, 7-triphenyl-[4, 4, 6-2H3]4H-1, 2-diazepin (14) demonstrate the usability of pyrylium salts of type 8 as starting materials for syntheses of specifically deuterated carbo- and hetrocycles.
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    Acetals and ethers. XII. Reaction Products of Prop-2-enal with 1,2- and 1,3-Diols (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 543-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-(Hydroxyalkoxyethyl)-substituted cyclic acetals (1; 2; 3a-3d; 4a-4d), derivatives of 1, 3-dioxolane or 1, 3-dioxane have been obtained in a p-toluenesulphonic acid-catalysed reaction of prop-2-enal with an excess of ethylene, propylene-1, 2, trimethylene, or butylene-1, 3 glycol. Respective 2-vinyl-1, 3-dioxolanes or 2-vinyl-1, 3-dioxanes were the intermediate products. The products of the reaction involving propylene-1, 2 and butylene-1, 3 glycols were mixtures of cis- and trans-2, 4-disubstituted-1, 3-dioxolanes and cis- and trans-2, 4-disubstituted-1, 3-dioxanes. The structure of HOROCH2CH2- substituents at C-2 atom of 1, 3-dioxacyclane ring has been proved through 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives of the corresponding aldehydes HOROCH2CH2CHO that, however, could not be isolated as individual compounds.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270404
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    Photochemische Reaktionen von ArylglycidethernHerrn Professor Dr. K. Doerffel zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmetLichtinitiierte Polymer- und Polymerisationsreaktionen 19. Mitteilung. 18. Mitteilung: siehe Lit.-Stelle [4] dieser Arbeit. (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 616-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemical Reactions of Arylglycidyl EthersThe absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra, respectively, of arylglycidyl ether 1 correspond to those of other alkyl aryl ethers. Also the photolysis product distribution (λ = 254 nm) is in agreement with a normal ether photolysis. Furthermore, photoinduced epoxy ring opening takes place giving homopolyaddition oligomers and in methanolic solution also CH3OH addition products. These reactions can be explained using the model of bichromophoric molecules with the ArO-chromophore as donor and the epoxy ring as acceptor. The calculations based on this model are in agreement with the experimental data. In the aromatic nucleus halogene substituted 1 were dehalogenated with high quantum yield (0.25 in the case of bromo substituted compound 1g). The quantum yields of the ArO-C-bond scission are about 0.08 independently of the aromatic ring substituents. As indicated by sensitization and quenching experiments, respectively, with aromatic hydrocarbons the photo reactions proceed via S1 state. It was found that phenol quenches the photodegradation of 1 very efficiently. Excited methyl phenyl glycerol ether 5a reacts with phenyl glycidylether 1a in its ground state producing oligomers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270412
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    Zur Reaktion von N-Aryl-2,4-dimethyl-buta-1,3-dien-1,4-sultamen mit Tetracyanethylen; 1H-, 13C- und 15N-spektroskopische Charakterisierung der Tetracyan-ethylierungs- und Tricyan-vinylierungsprodukteHerrn Professor Dr. K. Doerffel zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 627-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: About the Reaction of N-Aryl-2,4-dimethyl-buta-1,3-dien-1,4-sultames with Tetracyanoethylene; 1H, 13C and 15N N.M.R. Spectroscopic Charcterization of the Products of Tetracyanethylation and TricyanvinylationThe 4-methyl group in N-aryl-2, 4-dimethyl-buta-1,3-dien-1, 4 sultames is C—H-acidic and adds therefore to tetracyanethylene. The adducts easily lose HCN on dissolving in DMSO to form N-aryl-2-methyl-4-(2, 3, 3-tricyanoprop-2-ene-1-ylidene)-but-2-en-1, 4-sultames 4, which form sodium salts at C-1. The structures of the compounds obtained were determined by 13C and 15N n.m.r. spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270413
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    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270101
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  • 82
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    4′-tert-Alkylbenzo[15]krone-5-ether. Synthesen und Kaliumthiocyanat-KomplexeProfessor Dr.-Ing. Dr.h.c. Eberhard Leibnitz zum 75. Geburtstage gewidmet (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 2-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4′-tert-Alkylbenzo[15]Crown-5-Ether. Syntheses and Complexes with Potassium ThiocyanateThe title compounds 4 are synthesized either by alkylation of pyrocatechole 1 in 4-position and followed by ring closure with 1,11-dichloro-3,6,9-trioxaundecane or by alkylation of benzo[15]-crown-5 3. In most cases the way first mentioned gives better results. Analytical samples of the alkylated benzo[15]crown-5 ethers 4 are obtained through complexing with KSCN.Physical data and 1H-n.m.r.-spectra of 5 new pyrocatecholes 2 and 6 new benzo[15]crown-5 ethers 4 are given.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270103
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  • 83
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    Photochemical Dediazoniation of Arene Diazonium Salts sensitized by zink meso-tetraphenyl porphyrinProfessor Dr.-Ing. Dr.h.c. Eberhard Leibnitz zum 75. Geburtstage gewidmet (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 21-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoexcited zink tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) reacts with arene diazonium salts via electron transfer according to the oxidation mechanism. This is proved by ESR spectroscopy of ZnTPP+ formed and the fact that N2 and ZnTPP+ are formed in a molar ratio.Due to very different life-times of1(ZnTPP)* and 3(ZnTPP)* it is possible to differentiate between singlet and triplet electron transfer reactions using different diazonium salt concentrations. In this way, the respective quenching constants are determined by means of flash spectroscopy.Due to electron back transfer the singlet reaction at high concentrations of diazonium salts (0.1M) is inefficient (quantum yield 0.1), whereas back electron transfer is symmetry-forbidden in the triplet reaction which, therefore, proceeds with high quantum yields, mearly reaching the ISC quantum yield.From differences between the triplet quenching constants determined by flash spectroscopy and from product quantum yields, respectively, and from corresponding kinetic models it is concluded that the triplet reaction proceeds via a reversibly formed triplet exciplex.Complexes of meso tetraphenyl porphyrin containing Pb(II), Sn(IV), Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III), respectively, have lower sensitization activities decreasing in the order, given in the text.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270105
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  • 84
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    Photochemie von Aminoketonen. VII. Eine diastereoselektive Synthese von 3-Hydroxy-prolinen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 51-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemistry of Aminoketones. VIII. Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-prolinesGlycine esters react in two steps (aminoalkylation and N-acylation) to N-acyl-N-(β-benzoylethyl)-glycine ester 3. In less polar solvents these ketonic compounds are n,π*-excited by 300 nm irradiation. In ether 3* yield mixtures of aminocyclopropanoles 4, hydroxyprolines 5 and products of additions and cleavages. In benzene and cyclohexane/benzene, respectively, the regioselective photocyclization to 5 is favoured. Furthermore this hydroxyproline synthesis has the advantages of high diastereoselectivity yielding the (2,3) E-5 and of high overall-yields in connection with the one pot method. The influence of solvents and substituents on the regio- and diastereoselectivity are explained using a model with stabilization of special conformations of intermediates by dipol-dipol interactions.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270108
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  • 85
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    Prostaglandins and prostaglandin intermediates. XIV. Synthesis of rac-9α, 11α, 13α-trihydroxy- and rac-9α, 11α, 13β-Trihydroxy-5(Z)-prosten-15-ynoic Acid (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Attempts to rearrange a β-hydroxy-alkyne with a secondary hydroxy group into an α,β-unsaturated ketone failed in the case of a potential prostaglandin intermediate. However, it was possible to convert this intermediate into 13-hydroxy-5(Z)-prosten-15-ynoic acids, which are interesting prostaglandin analogues with a modified alkyl side chain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270111
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  • 86
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    Photochemie diarylsubstituierter 2H-Tetrazole. II. Zum Einfluß der Substituenten auf die Absorptionseigenschaften diarylsubstituierter Nitrilimine (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 96-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemistry of Diarylsubstituted 2H-Tetrazoles. II. The Influence of the Substituents on the Absorption Properties of Diarylsubstituted NitriliminesIrradation of 2,5-diaryl-2H-tetrazoles in an EPA-glass (ether: i-pentan: ethanol=5:5:2) or in an i-pentan glass at 77-80 K with UV-light of wavelength 290 nm yields diarylnitrilimines by the extrusion of nitrogen. The photoreactions investigated show spectroscopic unity. 22 diarylnitrilimines are included in the discussion with regards to the influence of substituents on the absorption maxima. The influence of substituents is interpreted by a LFE-relationship. An intramolecular charge transfer as the reason for the relatively strong dependence of νa∼max-values on substituents is discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270114
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  • 87
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    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270201
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  • 88
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    IR-spektroskopische Untersuchung zur Lösungsmittelwechselwirkung von 1-Benzylidenpyrazolid-3-on-betainen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigation of Solvent-Solute Interactions of 1-Benzylidenepyrazolidone (3) -betaines by I.R. SpectroscopyThe infrared spectra of eight 1-benzylidenepyrazolidone(3)-betaines (1-7 and 3 m) have been measured in 22 solvents of different polarity. The carbonyl band of these compounds indicates specific and non-specific solvent-solute interactions, which are qualitatively characterized by the electrophilic properties of the solvent (ETN-value, acceptor number AN). Intermolecular hydrogen bonds have been detected in protic solvents. The thermodynamic quantities of the associate equilibrium, K,ΔRH,ΔRS were determined in chloroform and deuterochloroform, respectively, by the i.r. intensity method.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270203
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  • 89
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    Elektrochemische Oxydation organischer Verbindungen in Fluorsulfonsäure. X. Effekt der Aciditätserhöhung auf das anodische Verhalten einiger aromatischer Verbindungen im System HSO3F—SbF5 (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 191-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Fluorsulfuric Acid. X. Effect of the Increase in Acidity on the Anodic Behavior of Some Aromatic Compounds in the HSO3F—SbF5-SystemThe effect of the acidity on the anodic behavior of some aromatic nitrils, nitro compounds, amines, sulfonyl fluorides, carbonyl compounds, hydrocarbons, benzylic acetates and methoxy compounds is investigated by cyclic voltammetry in HSO3F and HSO3F—SbF5 (molecular ratio 15:1 and 3:1) at -76°C and in some cases in HSO3F—SbF5 (1:1) at -40°C. With increasing content of SbF5 in most cases a positive shift of the anodic half-peak potentials Δ Ep/2 is found, which depends on the type and on the strength of the interaction with the superacidic solvent. Δ Ep/2 increases from the protonated functional groups in the series —NH3⊕ (0.00 V), —CN (0.05-0.10 V), —SO2F (0.10-0.20 V), —COR (0.20-0.40 V), —NO2 (0.30-0.60 V), —OCH3 (〉0.8 V) to benzoylium ions (0.45-0.60 V), benzyl cations (0.60-0.80 V) and arenium ions (1.10-1.30 V). Besides, the anodic behavior depends to a large extent on the deprotonation rate of the substrate, which occurs precedingly to, simultaneously with or subsequent to the electron transfer.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270204
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  • 90
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    Substituenteneffekt und Mechanismus der thermischen Rücktautomerisierung belichteter Salicylidenaniline (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituent Effect and Mechanism of the Thermal Retautomerization of Flashed Salicylidene AnilinesV-shaped Hammett plots are obtained with a series of p-substituted salicylidene anilines for the relaxation rate of their phototautomers. This is interpreted by a change-over in the mechanism from O-protonation (donor substituents) to NH-deprotonation (acceptor substituents) as rate determining initial steps in alcoholic solvents. The observed acid and base catalysis strongly support the assumption of an o-quinoid geometry of the phototautomer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270207
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  • 91
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    Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Tautomeric Study of Thiazoles substituted in positions 2 and 4 by hydroxy, mercapto and amino groups (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thiazoles substituted in positions 2 and 4 by hydroxy, mercapto and amino groups were synthesized, as well as its carbamate derivates and formylhydrazones. The research of the reaction of the formylhydrazide with 4-imino-2-thiazolidinone has not given the pyrazolo [3,4-d]- thiazol-2-one, but the 4-formylhydrazono-2-thiazolidine. The detailed tautomeric study of each of the heterocyclic compounds has been carried out by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance of proton and of 13-carbon, and of masses.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270210
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  • 92
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    Sensibilisierte Photooxidation und 13C-NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchung von 5,6-Dihydrodicyclopentadien-Derivaten (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 837-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photooxidation and 13C N.M.R. Spectroscopic Investigation of 5,6-Dihydrodieyelo-pentadiene DerivativesThe sensitized photooxidation of endo-5,6-dihydrodicyclopentadiene (2) by singulet oxygen gives via the corresponding hydroperoxide (10) exo-1-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrodieyelopentadiene (7a). Starting from exo-5,6-dihydrodicyclopentadiene (6) exo-5,6-dihydrodicyelopentadien-1-one (12) is formed. The 13C n.m.r.spectroscopical data of these compounds and of other hydroxy, alkoxy and acyloxy dihydrodieyclopentadiene derivatives are discussed in relation on their structure.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270516
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  • 93
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    Pyryliumverbindungen. 30. C-Alkylierung von 1,3,5-Triaryl-penten-1,5-dion-Enolaten: Ein einfacher Zugang zu 3-alkylsubstituierten 2,4,6-Triaryl-pyryliumsalzen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 983-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrylium Compounds. 30. C-Alkylation of 1,3,5-Triaryl-pentene-1,5-dione Enolates: A Simple Approach to 3-Alkylsubstituted 2,4,6-Triarylpyrylium Salts1,3,5-Triaryl-pentene-1,5-dione enolates (10), obtainable in crystalline form from 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium pseudobases (9) and sodium methoxide in benzene/ether, react in dipolar aprotonic solvents (e.g. DMSO, DMF) with various types of alkyl iodides to give C-alkylation products (11) which afford 3-substituted 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium salts (12) on treatment with perchloric acid. This reaction sequence proved to be a convenient synthetic route to pyrylium salts (12) having 3-oriented substituents such as normal or branched alkyl groups CnH2n+1 (e.g.n = 1-5), isotopically modified alkyl groups (e.g. C[2H3], C2[2H5]), allyl type substituents (e.g. CH2=CHCH2, MeCH=CHCH2, CH2, CH2=CMeCH2) or benzyl groups (e. g. PhCH2, 4-Br—C6H4CH2). Bifunctional alkylating agents (e.g. 1,4-diiodobutane, o-xylylenediiodide) resulted in a novel type of bispyrylium salts (14) with 3,3′-linkage. The pyrylium salts obtained were characterized by their 1H-n.m.r. and u.v. spectra as well as, in most cases, by transformation into the corresponding pyridine derivatives (13) and bispyridines (15) respectively.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270616
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    By-products in Triacetonamine Oxidation with hydrogen peroxide (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1011-1014 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270619
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  • 95
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    An Improved, High-Yield Synthesis of 8-Hydroxy-2-methylquinoline (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1015-1016 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270620
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  • 96
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    Massenspektroskopische Untersuchungen positiver und negativer lonen von 3,5-disubstituierten 1,2,4-Thiadiazolen (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1017-1022 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Comparative Positive and Negative Ion Mass Spectroscopy of 3,5-Disubstituted 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270621
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    Professor Dr.-Ing. Dr. h. c. Eberhard Leibnitz zum 75. Geburtstage am 31. Januar 1985 (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270102
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    A procedure for the preparation of N-(ω-Haloalkyl)xanthines based on phase-transfer catalysis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 165-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270125
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  • 99
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    Synthese von Hydroxy- und Methoxy-Spiroorthoestern (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 174-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Spirocyclic Orthoesters with Hydroxy and Methoxy Groups
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270127
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    Synthese von 1,2,4-Benzotriazin-3-ylessigsäureestern und-amidenXI. Mitt. der Reihe: Oxidative Kupplung CH-acider Verbindungen mit p-Phenylendiaminen. (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 327 (1985), S. 297-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 1,2,4-Benzotriazine-3-acetates and -acetamidesSubstituted 1,2,4-benzotriazine-3-acetates 6 are prepared by the reduction of (2-nitrophenyl)hydrazonoethers 4 or (2-nitrophenyl)amidrazones 5. The 1,2,4-benzotriazin-3-ylacet-anilid 9g forms a yellow azomethine dye 10 by oxidative coupling with N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19853270215
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