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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary biotechnology - theory, facts and perspectives (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 3-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Molecular evolution has recently been applied in biotechnology which consist of the development of evolutionary strategies in the design of biopolymers with predefined properties and functions. At the heart of this new technology are the in vitro replication and random synthesis of RNA or DNA molecules, producing large libraries of genotypes that are subjected to selection techniques following DARWIN's principle. By means of these evolutionary methods, RNA molecules were derived which specifically bind to predefined target molecules. Ribozymes with new catalytic functions were obtained as well as RNA molecules that are resistant to cleavage by specific RNases. In addition, the catalytic specificities of group I introns, a special class of ribozymes, were modified by variation and selection.Efficient applications of molecular evolution to problems in biotechnology require a fundamental and detailed understanding of the evolutionary process. Two basic questions are of primary importance: (i) How can evolutionary methods be successful as the numbers of possible genotypes are so large that the chance of obtaining a particular sequence by random processes is practically zero, and (ii) how can populations avoid being caught in evolutionary traps corresponding to local fitness optima? This review is therefore concerned with an abridged account of the theory of molecular evolution, as well as its application to biotechnology. We add a brief discussion of new techniques for the massively parallel handling and screening of very small probes as is required for the spatial separation and selection of genotypes. Finally, some imminent prospects concerning the evolutionary design of biopolymers are presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic study of the anaerobic degradation of toluene by a mixed culture (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 31-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Toluene was anaerobically degraded by an enriched mixed culture under methanogenic conditions. The mixed culture was originally developed from cow-dung and sludge from a laboratory reactor, in which benzene was anerobically degraded by sulphate-reducing bacteria. First the mixed culture was enriched on toluene over a year with and without the use of sulphate in the medium. For the evaluation of growth-kinetic and maintenance parameters, namely μmax, Ks, kd and Yx/so, the anaerobic degradation of toluene was carried out in batch as well as in continous reactors systems. The gas volume and the methane content in the produced gas was somewhat lover than the theoretical value expected, indicating an incomplete degradation of some of the complex intermediates of the toluene degradation pathway. However, the mixed culture was able to transform 41.3% of the toluene carbon into methane.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of industrial scale bioreactors with modified RUSHTON turbine agitators (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 43-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The data presented here with respect to the behaviour of industrial scale stirred tank bioreactors equipped with modified RUSHTON turbine agitators in the biosynthesis processes of antibiotics are valid for that case that the power consumption is the same as it is in standard RUSHTON turbine agitators.Each modified RUSHTON turbine agitator was obtained through the variation of the blade surface by adding perforations so that the ratio between the perforation surface area and the full surface area (or the surface fraction of the perforations) is 0.36.In the fermentations of Streptomyces aureofaciens, Streptomyces rimosus and Penicillium chrysogenum producing tetracycline, oxytetracyline and penicillin, respectively, in bioreactors equipped with modified RUSHTON turbine agitators, the relative antibiotic production is increased by more than 30% compared to standard bioreactors.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymkinetik - Theorie und Methoden. (Second, fully revised edition). Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 321 pages, 109 figures, 9 tables; DM 118,- ISBN 3-527-30032-5 (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 72-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160111
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wir möchten zum. 9. Heidelberger Zytometrie Symposium einladen (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 80-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160114
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160401
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of bioproducts. EFB study report of the working party on down-stream processing. London: Society of Chemical Industry, 130 pages £ 25.00 (softcover). ISBN 0-901001-79-1 (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 236-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160403
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Qualitätsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen. Köln: Verlag TÜV Rheinland, 1996 Ringhefter mit 1. Ergänzungslieferung; DM 148,00. ISBN 3-8249-0253-2 (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 245-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160405
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PCR. Grundlagen und Anwendungen der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion. Stuttgart, Jena, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag 123 pages, 27 figures, 5 tables; DM 44,-. ISBN 3-437-20509-9 (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 256-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160407
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substrate specificity of laccase from Lentinus edodes (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 257-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In previous studies, the white-rot basidiomycete Lentinus edodes, strain SC-495, was proved to be a “selective” lignin degrader and its extracellular crude preparations arising from solid-state cultures were successfully employed in biopulping experiments on annual plants. This fungus produced extracellular laccase as the predominant phenoloxidase when growing in solid-state fermentation on corn stalks. Laccase from this strain was purified and partially characterized, as an initial approach towards the study of its ligninolytic complex. Laccase was purified 69.6-fold by anion-exchange chromatography and two affinity-chromatography steps with an overall yield of 7.45%. The native enzyme exhibited a molecular mass of 74 kDa, an isoelectric point of 3.42 and a carbohydrate content of 7.5%. The absorption spectrum of laccase showed a maximum at 605 nm, typical of blue-copper oxidases. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of laccase were 4.0-4.2 and 50°C, respectively. Kinetic experiments, performed with a wide range of phenolic compounds, showed that the reaction rate and the substrate affinity greatly varied depending on the nature of substituents and their reciprocal positions on the aromatic ring. In particular, the enzyme showed high affinity to phenolic compounds bearing methoxyl or methyl groups, but no affinity to those bearing the nitro group directly attached to the benzene ring, nor to non-phenolic lignin-related compounds, such as trans-cinnamic acid or 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid. The huge differences in terms of reactivity of the enzyme towards phenolic compounds suggests that a preliminary systematic screening should be advisable when using laccase in effluent treatment applications.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160408
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the peptide and vitamin composition of casein hydrolysates on the β-galactosidase activity of Kluyveromyces bulgaricus cells (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Instead of yeast extracts, casein hydrolysates from several suppliers were added to culture media and analyzed with respect to their ability to stimulate β-galactosidase activity in Kluyveromyces bulgaricus cells. Four enzymatic casein hydrolysates caused a significantly higher stimulation of enzyme activity, while acid casein hydrolysates clearly reduced the enzyme activity. Enzymatic casein hydrolysates, inducing high and low lactase activity, were analyzed with respect to average peptide length (APL), vitamins (niacin, pathothenate) as well as free and bound amino acids. The molecular weights of these casein hydrolysates were estimated by gel filtration. No correlation was found between the degree of enzyme stimulation and the vitamin contents, the APL values and the free amino acid contents of the casein hydrolysates. Casein hydrolysates stimulating the lactase activity were less soluble in water and, in a gel filtration column, they showed three peaks with slightly lower molecular weights than the three peaks seen in hydrolysates which had no effect on activity. APL values of alcoholic precipitates of casein hydrolysates showed an inverse correlation to lactase activity. The molecular weights of alcoholic precipitates of lactase stimulating digests were also lower compared to non-stimulating ones. Alcoholic precipitates with lactase-stimulating activity were more hydrophilic, as was shown by a smaller proportion absorbed in a C18 column and by amino acid analysis. Our results sugest that alcoholic precipitates could probably be important in the lactase stimulation and their composition should be further investigated. The mechanism is nevertheless complex and may be caused by various simultaneous factors.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160411
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of citrinin by Monascus ruber submerged culture in chemically defined media (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 315-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Following our investigations on citrinin production by Monascus ruber in a chemically defined medium, the kinetic behaviour of this toxin in the fermenter was studied with relation to production of pigments, biomass and nutrient consumption. Showing a secondary metabolite pattern, citrinin was produced when dμ/dt and dQs/dt were ≤ 0, while a high specific production rate of pigments occurred when dμ/dt and dQs/dt were 〉 0. No trophophase-idiophase transition was detected during the cuitivation, and the behaviour of pigment production was similar to that of a primary metabolite.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160414
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160201
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Series: Studies in biology - introductory microbiology. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1996, 234 pages, 55 figures, 5 tables; £ 27.95, US $ 54.95 (hardback); £ 9.95, US $ 19.95 (paperback). ISBN 0-521-444516-7 hardback. ISBN 0-521-44977-1 paperback (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 328-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160417
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sucrose medium osmolality as a regulator of anabolic and catabolic parameters in Zymomonas culture (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study focuses on the growth of Zymomonas mobilis strain 113 S and its ethanol and levan production under the conditions of increasing sucrose medium osmolality caused by NaCl, KCl, sorbitol or maltose. The increase in medium osmolality (700-1,500 mosml/kg) was accompanied by the inhibition of growth (growth rate, biomass yield) and ethanol production (specific productivity and yield) In contrast, levan synthesis was less affected or even stimulated and, as a consequence, levan specific productivity was increased significantly. A decrease in the anabolic growth parameters correlated with a parallel inhibition of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase (isoenzyme ADH II) activities. A significant inverse linear relationship (r = - 0.932, 1 - P = 0.01) was observed between the values of the specific productivities of ethanol and levan. This relationship was confirmed independently by a controlled reduction of growth and ethanol productivity (3.75-4.75 mM sodiumbisulphite as an acceptor of acetaldehyde formed in the pyruvate decarboxylase reaction). As further support of this relationship, a significant inverse correlation was observed between levan specific productivity and ATP concentration in Zymomonas mobilis cells, most probably demonstrating that a reduced level of energetic metabolism is favourable for levan production.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160416
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Describing microbial degradation processes with the EVOLON model (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 237-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The remediation of polluted soils by microbial communities is a complex process, characterized by many competitive and cooperative mutual relations between the individual organisms. For the overall characteristic of such processes, top-down systems analyses promise a better description for prognostic aims than bottom-up approaches.This is demonstrated using the EVOLON model to fit the cumulative O2 consumption data of a microbial ecosystem metabolizing diesel fuel in polluted soil. The EVOLON is a generic top-down model providing close approximation to the experimental data.The advantage of using this model instead of other similar models is demonstrated by a comparison of the deviations between model values and experimental data (residuals).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160404
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of activated carbon on the biological treatment of oil-water emulsions (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Waste water, derived from the reprocessing of used emulsions or suspensions, contains high concentrations of emulsified mineral oil and stabilizers, as well as different additives that are needed during the treatment process.Two stirred-tank reactors and two fixed-bed reactors were used to study the biodegradation of these waste-water compounds during two-stage biological treatment. The waste water was first proceesed in an activated sludge reactor to remove easily biodegradable substances. The effluent from the first stage was treated in three parallel operating reactors: an activated sludge tank containing different amounts of powdered activated carbon (PAC, between 0 and 2%), an upflow anaerobic fixed-bed reactor and an aerobic fixed-bed reactor (trickling filter). The results from the continuous treatment were compared with laboratory batch experiments.About 60% of the influent TOC was reduced by the first activated sludge treatment. The removal efficiency increased to about 70% by using a second activated sludge stage. This degradation was comparable to the maximum degree of degradation measured in laboratory batch experiments. PAC addition to the second activated sludge tank resulted in increased degradation rates. The removal efficiency increased to about 76% when 0.1% PAC was added and to 96% with 1% PAC. The removal efficiency decreased to 84% when the proportion of PAC was further increased to 2%. Variations in the amount of PAC addition per unit influent volume in the range of 50 and 200 mg/l had no significant effect on the TOC removal.Degradation models based on the MONOD-type equation were found to be in close correlation with the results obtained from batch experiments. However, the biological removal rates measured in batch experiments did not reflect the removal capacity determined in continuous operating treatment systems.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160406
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the stability of the pBR322 plasmid derivative pBB210 in Escherichia coli TG1 under non-selective and selective conditions (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 271-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model has been developed to describe the stability behaviour of the pBR322 plasmid derivative pBB210 with the β-lactamase gene and the human interferon-α1 gene in Escherichia coli TG1 under non-selective, selective and modified selective conditions in a chemostat. The model was formulated on the basis of experimental investigations. It includes the interaction between β-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin and sulbactam) and cells (with and without plasmids), in particular the correlation between the growth rate of plasmid-free cells and ampicillin concentration in the medium; ampicillin transport into the periplasm of the plasmid-bearing cells; ampicillin degradation in the periplasm by by plasmid-encoded β-lactamase and the inhibition of the latter by sulbactam.The results obtained by the simulation of chemostat cultivations under various conditions and by steady state analyses are closely related to the results of experiments. Under non-selective conditions, the fraction of plasmid-bearing cells was approaching zero. Under selective and modified selective conditions, a coexistence between plasmid-free and plasmid-bearing cells was reached at steady state. Under these conditions, the steady state fraction of plasmid-bearing cells was proportional to the ampicillin concentration in the feed and inversely proportional to the cell concentration in the chemostat. During high-density cultivation, a large amount of ampicillin is necessary to suppress plasmid-free cells. Even small concentrations of the β-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam in the feed increased the steady state fraction of plasmid-bearing cells (from 17.2% to 99.6% at sulbactam-Na concentrations of 0 to 5 mg/l).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160409
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Culture conditions for the production of amylolytic enzymes by a thermophilic Clostridium sp. (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The growth of a thermophilic Clostridium sp. and the production of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and pullulanase were studied under anaerobic conditions using different carbon and nitrogen sources and varying pH values and temperatures. Growth and enzyme activities were highest with soybean meal as the nitrogen source. The optimum concentration was 2.5% [w/v] for the production of α-amylase as well as pullulanase and 2% [w/v] for α-glucosidase. The best carbon source proved to be soluble starch for α-amylase, and pullulanase and maltose for α-glucosidase. Growth and enzyme production reached their optimum at pH 6.5 to 7.0 and 70°C. Under these conditions, the enzyme activities followed exponential growth with maximum yields of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and pullulanase at 28, 36, and 44 h.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160410
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotechnology. Third, fully revised edition, Series: Studies in biology. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1996, 236 pages, 45 figures, 74 tables; £ 27.95, US$ 49.95 (hardback); £ 9.95, US $ 16.95 (paperback). ISBN 0-521-44467-5 hardback. ISBN 0-521-44911-1 paperback (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 302-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160412
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of an airlift bioreactor to the nystatin biosynthesis (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 303-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pilot plant studies were performed using a concentric-tube airlift bioreactor of 2.5 m3 fermentation volume. The results have proven the relative merits of such a system in the biosynthesis of nystatin, produced by Streptomyces noursei, in submerged aerobic cultivation and batch operation mode. The results were compared to those obtained in a pilot-scale stirred tank bioreactor of 3.5 m3 fermentation volume.The fermentation processes in the two fermentation devices were similar with respect to substrate utilization, biomass production and nystatin biosynthesis.In the riser section, the dissolved oxygen concentration was higher than that in the downcomer.The volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient was dependent on the rheological behaviour of the biosynthesis liquids, which was not constant during the fermentation process.The total energy consumption for nystatin production in the airlift bioreactor was 56% of that in the stirred tank, while the operating costs represented 78% of those in the stirred tank bioreactor.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160413
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and control of odorous and VOC in the process industries (studies in environmental science, volume 61). Amsterdam, Lausanne, New York, Oxford, Shannon, Tokyo, Elsevier Science B. V. 540 pages, 191 figures, 120 tables, 2 schemes; US $ 248.50; Dfl. 435.00. ISBN 0-444-81789-1 (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 320-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160415
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Starvation in bacteria. New York, London: Plenum Press, 277 pages; $ 75,- ISBN 0-306-44430-5 (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 120-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160204
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    Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology. Measurement and control (volume 50). Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong: Springer-Verlag 131 pages, 17 figures, 12 tables; DM 138,- ISBN 3-540-56536-1 (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 206-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160220
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  • 26
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    Der TÜF-Umweltmanagement-Berater. Köln: Verlag TÜV Rehinland GmbH. Loseblattsammlung mit Diskette zum Grundwerk sowie regelmäßig erscheinenden Nachträgen zur Aktualisierung. 1. Ergäzungslieferung 1995, ISBN 3-8249-0214-1 (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 214-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160222
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  • 27
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    The use of a thermotolerant fermentative Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 yeast strain for ethanol production (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An investigation was carried out on the growth and ethanol production of a novel thermotolerant ethanol-producing Kluyveromyces marxianus IMB3 yeast strain. It grew aerobically on glucose, lactose, cellobiose, xylose and whey permeate and fermentad all the above carbon sources to ethanol at 45°C. This strain was capable of growing under anaerobic chemostat fermentation conditions at 45°C and a dilution rate of 0.15 h-1 and produced ≤ 0.9 g/l biomass and 1.8% (v/v) ethanol. An increase in biomass (up to 10.0 g/l) and ethanol (up to 4.3% v/v at 45°C and 7.7% v/v at 40°C) were achieved by applying a continuous two-stage fermentation in sequence (one aerobic and one anaerobic stage) or a two-stage anaerobic fermentation with cell recycling. Potential applications, involving alcohol production systems, for use in dairy and wood related industries, were discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160223
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  • 28
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    Relationship between citric acid and extracellular acid phosphatase production by Aspergillus niger (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Optimum conditions for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger in submerged culture were established. Some correlation was found between the ability of the fungus to produce citric acid and its capability to accumulate extracellular acid phosphatase. Mutagenization and passage on sodium citrate (10-25%) medium gave rise to eleven A. niger strains able to grow when the concentration was 25%. Two mutants showed an increase in citric acid production (8.8-25.7%), accompanied by the highest activity of acid phosphatase (43.1-46.6%).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160221
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  • 29
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    Risk management in der Praxis. Köln: Deutscher Wirtschaftsdienst, 107 Seiten, 22 Abbildungen, 6 Tabellen; DM 29.80. ISBN 3-87156-127-4 (1996)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 16 (1996), S. 224-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370160224
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  • 30
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    Sequencing a cosmid clone of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XIV reveals 12 new open reading frames (ORFs) and an ancient duplication of six ORFs (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 391-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; gene duplication ; ribosomal protein ; dnaJ homologue ; fork head domain ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A sequence of 31431 bp located on the left arm of chromosome (chr.) XIV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was analysed. A total of 18 open reading frames (ORFs) could be identified. Twelve ORFs are new, two of which are most likely ribosomal protein genes, leaving ten ORFs of unknown function. Nine of the 18 ORFs show either at least 20% overall amino acid identity or significant regional homology to other S. cerevisiae ORFs. Additionally, six of these nine ORFs have homologues of similar size and the same transcriptional orientation within a stretch of 50 kb on chromosome IX. The degree of homology ranges from 90% overall identity to 23% in 375 amino acids. The homologues on chromosome IX are grouped in two blocks that are separated by relatively long ORFs. This is the first example of a multi-gene duplication in S. cerevisiae not linked to a centromere or subtelomere region. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X86470.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 31
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320120401
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  • 32
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    Discrimination between fortuitous and biologically constrained open reading frames in DNA sequences of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 369-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: open reading frames ; random DNA sequence ; functional analysis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The systematic sequencing of the yeast genome has raised the problem of the biological significance of the open reading frames (ORFs) revealed: it is possible that some of these are fortuitous. To avoid the analysis of such fortuitous ORFs, a minimum length of 100 sense codons was adopted. Nevertheless, the presence of fortuitous ORFs of more than 100 codons cannot be excluded. Thus, in the context of functional analysis, a method for discrimination between fortuitous and biologically active ORFs may be useful. The discrimination method described here is based on multiple criteria: ORF length, codon bias, and both amino-acid and dipeptide composition of the corresponding polypeptide. The thresholds for each criterion are based on the comparison between two learning sets: one drawn from random DNA sequences and the second from known genes. The method was validated by two test sets (one random and one biological) and then applied to the ORFs of chromosomes I, II, III, V, VIII, IX and XI. This method predicts 123 fortuitous ORFs among the 1773 identified on these chromosomes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 33
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    Cytochromes P450 of the sophorose lipid-producing yeast Candida apicola: Heterogeneity and polymerase chain reaction-mediated cloning of two genes (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 565-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Biosurfactant ; glycolipid ; cytochrome P450 ; Candida apicola ; alkane assimilation ; fatty acid hydroxylation ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Candida apicola belongs to a group of yeasts producing high amounts of surface-active extracellular glycolipids consisting of sophorose and long-chain-ω- and (ω-1)-hydroxy fatty acids. The involvement of cytochrome P450 in the synthesis of sophorose lipid by the hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids was suggested from a simultaneous increase of cellular P450 content. Hydroxylation studies indicated the existence of multiple P450 forms capable of hydroxylating not only long-chain fatty acids, but also n-alkanes.In this report, two different P450 DNA fragments amplified in a polymerase chain reaction with heterologous primers and chromosomal DNA of Candida apicola were used as homologous probes for the isolation of full-length clones from a genomic library. The open reading frames of both genes encode proteins of 519 amino acids with calculated molecular weights of 58,656 and 58,631, respectively, that contain N-terminal membrane anchor sequences and hallmark residues, in common with other eukaryotic P450s. The deduced amino acid sequences of the C. apicola P450 genes are 84·4% identical. They share 34·5 to 44·1% identity with the proteins of the yeast family CYP52 and about 25% identity with fatty acid hydroxylases of higher eukaryotes (family CYP4A) and of Bacillus megaterium (CYP102). Southern hybridization experiments revealed the existence of further P450-related genes in C. apicola. According to the P450 nomenclature system, the cloned genes were named CYP52E1 and CYP52E2, establishing a new subfamily in yeast family CYP52. The sequences were deposited in the EMBL/GenBank Library under the Accession Numbers X76225 and X87640.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 34
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    Structural and phylogenetic analysis of the actin gene from the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 641-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Phaffia rhodozyma ; actin gene ; DNA sequencing ; phylogenetic studies ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The gene coding for actin from Phaffia rhodozyma was cloned and sequenced. The Phaffia actin gene contains four intervening sequences and the predicted protein consists of 375 amino acids. The structural features of the Phaffia actin introns were studied and compared with actin introns from seven fungi and yeasts with ascomycetous and basidiomycetous affinity. It was shown that the architecture of the Phaffia introns most resembles that of the basidiomycete Filobasidiella neoformans (perfect stage of Cryptococcus neoformans), whereas least resemblance occurs with the ascomycetous yeasts. Based on the intron structure, the ascomycetous yeasts can be accommodated in one group in that their splice site sequences are very similar and show less homology with the other fungi investigated, including Phaffia. It was demonstrated that the Phaffia actin introns cannot be spliced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which shows that the differences found in intron structure are significant. Alignment of the Phaffia actin gene with the actin sequences from the yeasts and fungi investigated showed a high level of homology both on the DNA level and on the protein level. Based on these alignments Phaffia showed highest homology with F. neoformans and both organisms were accommodated in the same cluster. In addition, the actin gene comparisons also supported the distant relationship of Phaffia with the ascomycetous yeasts. These results supported the usefulness of actin sequences for phylogenetic studies. The sequence presented here has been submitted to the EMBL data library under Accession Number X89898.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 35
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    A simplified method for the repeated replacement of yeast chromosomal sequences with in vitro mutations (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 667-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: CYH2S ; counterselection ; PCR ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A strategy for gene replacement in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been modified to facilitate the repeated substitution of a chromosomal locus with in vitro generated variant sequences, so that the resulting locus contains only the desired mutation and is free of extraneous vector DNA. The construction of an internally deleted chromosomal target locus carrying the counterselectable CYH2S marker and a second positively selectable marker has been simplified; the design of the locus has been altered to increase the frequency of authentic gene replacements obtained upon the subsequent integration of in vitro mutated DNA. The modified chromosomal target locus is amenable to replacement using either of two transformation protocols: (i) integration of a second positively selectable plasmid carrying mutant sequences to form a tandem intermediate structure at the locus; upon counterselection on cycloheximide, all vector sequence is excised to give the desired replacement at high frequency (〉70%); (ii) single-step integration of a linear segment of mutated genomic DNA by selection for cycloheximide resistance. A subsequent screen for the loss of the positively selectable target locus marker detects the desired replacement at modest frequency (〉2%). Polymerase chain reaction using multiple primers in a single amplification reaction is useful for monitoring these variously modified chromosomal loci.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 36
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    Functional characterization of the repeated UASINO element in the promoters of the INO1 and CHO2 genes of yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 653-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: inositol ; choline ; transcription regulation ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In yeast, INO1 and CHO2 gene expression is subject to repression in response to inositol and choline supplementation. The response by both genes to inositol is controlled by a single set of regulatory factors and the highly conserved and repeated UASINO element (consensus: 5′ CATGTGAAAT 3′) that is found in multiple copies in both promoters. However, none of the native elements found in the INO1 and CHO2 promoters constitutes an exact match to the consensus element and the functionality of individual elements from these two promoters has not been tested. In this study, the function of individual putative UASINO elements from both promoters was tested by placing promoter fragments into a reporter construct which lacked a UAS element but contained the TATA element and start of transcription from the yeast CYC1 gene fused to the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. In addition, a set of oligonucleotides containing the consensus UASINO element with the first position systematically modified was also tested for UASINO function. These studies indicated that elements that contain a C or an A as the first base at the 5′ end are functional to varying degrees. The majority of potential UASINO elements from the INO1 promoter were found to be inactive, whereas all of the elements from the CHO2 promoter tested were active. These results are discussed in light of the differential regulation of the two promoters.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 37
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    The targeting of bacillus subtilis levansucrase in yeast is correlated to both the hydrophobicity of the signal peptide and the net charge of the N-terminus mature part (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 953-963 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Heterologous gene expression ; levansucrase ; signal peptide ; B. subtilis ; S. cerevisiae ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We compared the ability of signal sequences from various Bacillus or yeast secreted proteins to direct Bacillus subtilis levansucrase into the secretion pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The efficiency of these sequences correlated with the overall hydrophobicity of their h-domain and was independent of their origin. Furthermore, the net charge of the proximal protein sequence downstream from the signal sequence contributed to the competence of the heterologous proteins to be secreted by yeast. Modification of this net charge allowed the protein to be translocated under the control of the yeast invertase signal sequence. Moreover, glycosylation of levansucrase did not modify significantly the fructosyl polymerase activity.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 38
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    Characterization of the SAC3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 965-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: act1-1 ; SAC3 ; ConA-labelling ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A temperature-sensitive mutation (act1-1) in the essential actin gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be suppressed by mutations in the SAC3 gene. A DNA fragment containing the SAC3 gene was sequenced. SAC3 codes for a 150 kDa hydrophillic protein which does not show any significant similarities with other proteins in the databases. Sac3 therefore is a novel yeast protein. A nuclear localization of Sac3 is suggested by the presence of a putative nuclear localization signal in the Sac3 sequence. A SAC3 disruption mutation was constructed. SAC3 disruption mutants were viable but grew more slowly and were larger than wild-type cells. In contrast to the sac3-1 mutation, the SAC3 disruption was not able to suppress the temperature sensitivity and the osmosensitivity of the act1-1 mutant. This demonstrates that act1-1 suppression by sac3-1 is not the result of a simple loss of SAC3 function. Furthermore, we examined the act1-1 and the sac3 mutants for defects in polarized cell growth by FITC-Concanavalin A (Con A)-labelling. The sac3 mutants showed a normal ConA-labelling pattern. In the act1-1 mutant, however, upon shift to non-permissive temperature, newly synthesized cell wall material, instead of being directed towards the bud, was deposited at discrete spots in the mother cell.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 39
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    Current awareness on yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 991-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121002
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  • 40
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    A computer filtering method to drive out tiny genes from the yeast genomeThis paper is dedicated to the memory of Angelos Kalogeropoulos who left us prematurely. (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1163-1178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Gene prediction ; correspondence analysis ; functional analysis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The authors of the first yeast chromosome sequence defined a minimum threshold requirement of 100 codons, above which an open reading frame (ORF) is retained as a putative coding sequence. However, at least 58 yeast genes shorter than 100 codons have an assigned protein function. Therefore, the yeast genome may contain other tiny but functionally important genes that are discarded from analyses by this simple filtering rule.We have established discriminant functions from the in-phase hexamer frequencies of functional genes and of simulated ORFs derived from a stationary Markov chain model. Fifty-two out of the 58 genes were recognized as coding ORFs by our discriminating method. The test was also applied to all the small ORFs (36 to 100 codons) found in the intergenic regions of published chromosomes. It retained 140 new potential tiny coding sequences, among which we identified seven new genes by similarity searches. Our method, used conjointly with similarity searches, can also highlight sequencing errors resulting from the disruption of the coding frame of longer ORFs. This method, by its ability to detect potential coding ORFs, can be a very useful tool for functional analysis.
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  • 41
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    Regulation of sulphate assimilation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1153-1162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: sulphate assimilation ; cysteine regulon ; O-acetylserine ; serineO-acetyltransferase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We examined how the activity of O-acetylserine and O-acetylhomoserine sulphydrylase (OAS/OAH) SHLase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is affected by sulphur source added to the growth medium and genetic background of the strain. In a wild-type strain, the activity was repressed if methionine, cysteine or glutathione was added to the growth medium. However, in a strain deficient of cystathionine γ-lyase, cysteine and glutathione were repressive, but methionine was not. In strains deficient of serine O-acetyltransferase (SATase), OAS/OAH SHLase activity was low regardless of sulphur source and was further lowered by cysteine and glutathione, but not by methionine. From these observations, we concluded that S-adenosylmethionine should be excluded from being the effector for regulation of OAS/OAH SHLase. Instead, we suspected that S. cerevisiae would have the same regulatory system as Escherichia coli for sulphate assimilation; i.e. cysteine inhibits SATase to lower the cellular concentration of OAS which is required for induction of the sulphate assimilation enzymes including OAS/OAH SHLase. Subsequently, we obtained data supporting this speculation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 42
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    The S. cerevisiae nitrogen starvation-induced Yvh1p and Ptp2p phosphatases play a role in control of sporulation (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1135-1151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; sporulation ; phosphatase ; nitrogen metabolism ; gene regulation ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Starvation for nitrogen in the absence of a fermentable carbon source causes diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to leave vegetative growth, enter meiosis, and sporulate; the former nutritional condition also induces expression of the YVH1 gene that encodes a protein phosphatase. This correlation prompted us to determine whether the Yvh1p phosphatase was a participant in the network that controls the onset of meiosis and sporulation. We found that expression of the IME2 gene, encoding a protein kinase homologue required for meiosis- and sporulation-specific gene expression, is decreased in a yvh1 disrupted strain. We also observed a decrease, albeit a smaller one, in the expression of IME1 which encodes an activator protein required for IME2 expression. Under identical experimental conditions, expression of the MCK1 and IME4 genes (which promote sporulation but do not require Ime1p for expression) was not affected. These results demonstrate the specificity of the yvh1 disruption phenotype. They suggest that decreased steady-state levels of IME1 and IME2 mRNA were not merely the result of non-specific adverse affects on nucleic acid metabolism caused by the yvh1 disruption. Sporulation of a homozygous yvh1 disruption mutant was delayed and less efficient overall compared to an isogenic wild-type strain, a result which correlates with decreased IME1 and IME2 gene expression. We also observed that expression of the PTP2 tyrosine phosphatase gene (a negative regulator of the osmosensing MAP kinase cascade), but not the PTP1 gene (also encoding a tyrosine phosphatase) was induced by nitrogen-starvation. Although disruption of PTP2 alone did not demonstrably affect sporulation or IME2 gene expression, sporulation was decreased more in a yvh1, ptp2 double mutant than in a yvh1 single mutant; it was nearly abolished in the double mutant. These data suggest that the YVH1 and PTP2 encoded phosphatases likely participate in the control network regulating meiosis and sporulation. Expression of YVH1 and PTP2 was not affected by nitrogen source quality (asparagine compared to proline) suggesting that nitrogen starvation-induced YVH1 and PTP2 expression and sensitivity to nitrogen catabolite repression are on two different branches of the nitrogen regulatory network.
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  • 43
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121101
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  • 44
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    Current awareness on yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1179-1186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121102
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  • 45
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    Identification of a gene encoding a homocitrate synthase isoenzyme of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1315-1320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; lysine ; homocitrate synthase ; nifV gene ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, most of the LYS structural genes have been identified except the genes encoding homocitrate synthase and α-aminoadipate aminotransferase. Expression of several LYS genes responds to an induction mechanism mediated by the product of LYS14 and an intermediate of the pathway, α-aminoadipate semialdehyde (αAASA) as an inducer. This activation is modulated by the presence of lysine in the growth medium leading to an apparent repression. Since the first enzyme of the pathway, homocitrate synthase, is feedback inhibited by lysine, it could be a major element in the control of αAASA supply.During the sequencing of chromosome IV of S. cerevisiae, the sequence of ORF D1298 showing a significant similarity with the nifV gene of Azotobacter vinelandii was reported. Disruption and overexpression of ORF D1298 demonstrate that this gene, named LYS20, encodes a homocitrate synthase. The disrupted segregants are able to grow on minimal medium and exhibit reduced but significant homocitrate synthase indicating that this activity is catalysed by at least two isoenzymes. We have also shown that the product of LYS20 is responsible for the greater part of the lysine production.The different isoforms are sensitive to inhibition by lysine but only the expression of LYS20 is strongly repressed by lysine. The N-terminal end of homocitrate synthase isoform coded by LYS20 contains no typical mitochondrial targeting sequence, suggesting that this enzyme is not located in the mitochondria.
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    Intergenic flip flop, a method for systematic gene disruption and cloning in yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1351-1357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: gene deletion ; gap repair ; polymerase chain reaction ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have developed a strategy named Intergenic Flip Flop which, for each gene, allows us to produce in one experiment both a disrupting cassette and a plasmid for gap repair. The same method can also be used to insert a reporter gene downstream from the promoter. This approach extends the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy proposed by Maftahi et al. 1996. Our method consists of PCR amplification of the two flanking intergenic regions of the open reading frame (ORF) of interest, using two sets of oligonucleotides. Each PCR product is flanked by two short defined nucleotidic sequences with a unique restriction site, allowing subsequent hybridization between them. The association of the two amplimers by the complementary sequences either in the same orientation as in genomic DNA or in the opposite orientation, allows the generation, after PCR, of two distinct cassettes which can be cloned into suitable vectors. When the amplimer in the head-to-tail orientation is cloned in a vector containing a selective marker for yeast such as G418 resistance, it provides a disrupting cassette after cleavage at the unique restriction site introduced by the PCR between the two intergenic amplimers. The amplimer with a direct orientation cloned into a yeast vector, after cleavage at the unique restriction site between the intergenic regions, permits cloning by gap repair of the gene of interest in yeast. Finally, a reporter gene can be inserted in the same plasmid. We report here the successful application of this strategy to an ORF of chromosome XIV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: N1216.
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    CtCdc55p and CtHal3p: Two putative regulatory proteins from Candida tropicalis with long acidic domains (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1321-1329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Candida tropicalis ; CDC55 ; HAL3 ; protein phosphatase ; acidic domain ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The salt-tolerance gene HAL3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a novel regulatory protein (Hal3p) which modulates the expression of the ENA1 sodium-extrusion ATPase (Ferrando et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. vol.15, 1995, pp.5470-5481). Hal3p contains an essential acidic domain rich in aspartates at its carboxyl terminus. We have isolated two cross-hybridizing genes from a genomic library of Candida tropicalis. One of the genes (CtHAL3) is a true homolog of HAL3 and it partially complements the salt sensitivity of a S. cerevisiae hal3 mutant. The activity of CtHAL3 was equivalent to that of an open reading frame (YKL088w) identified by genome sequencing of S. cerevisiae and with homology to HAL3. The other cross-hybridizing gene (CtCDC55) is a CDC55 homolog, encoding a protein with an internal acidic domain not present in the S. cerevisiae CDC55 product. Cdc55p is a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A and CtCDC55 complements the cold sensitivity of a S. cerevisiae cdc55 mutant. The presence of acidic domains in different putative regulatory proteins may suggest a role for this type of domain in molecular interactions. Sequences have been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Numbers X88899 (CtCDC55) and X88900 (CtHAL3).
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    Reduced pyruvate decarboxylase and increased glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+] levels enhance glycerol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1331-1337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: pyruvate decarboxylase ; glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; glycerol production ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This investigation deals with factors affecting the production of glycerol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In particular, the impact of reduced pyruvate-decarboxylase (PDC) and increased NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) levels was studied. The glycerol yield was 4·7 times (a pdc mutant exhibiting 19% of normal PDC activity) and 6·5 times (a strain exhibiting 20-fold increased GPD activity resulting from overexpression of GPD1 gene) that of the wild type. In the strain carrying both enzyme activity alterations, the glycerol yield was 8·1 times higher than that of the wild type. In all cases, the substantial increase in glycerol yield was associated with a reduction in ethanol yield and a higher by-product formation.The rate of glycerol formation in the pdc mutant was, due to a slower rate of glucose catabolism, only twice that of the wild type, and was increased by GPD1 overexpression to three times that of the wild-type level. Overexpression of GPD1 in the wild-type background, however, led to a six- to seven-fold increase in the rate of glycerol formation. The experimental work clearly demonstrates the rate-limiting role of GPD in glycerol formation in S. cerevisiae.
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    The sequence of a 16691bp segment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV identifies the DUN1, PMT1, PMT5, SRP14 and DPR1 genes, and five new open reading frames (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1377-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome IV ; DUN1 ; PMT1 ; PMT5 ; SRP14 ; DPR1 ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: As part of the European BIOTECH programme, the nucleotide sequence of a 16691bp fragment from the left arm of chromosome IV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been deduced. Analysis of the sequence reveals the presence of 13 open reading frames (ORFs) larger than 100 codons. Five of these were previously identified as genes DUN1, PMT1, PMT5, SRP14 and DPR1. One putative protein, D2371p, contains an ATP-GTP binding site, and shares homology to the ArsA component of an Escherichia coli arsenical pump. No significant homology to any known protein has been found for the other ORFs. D2378p contains a zinc finger domain. The nucleotide sequence has been deposited at EMBL, with Accession Number X95644.
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    Sequence and analysis of an aldose (xylose) reductase gene from the xylose-fermenting yeast Pachysolen tannophilusThe mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1367-1375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: pentose phosphate pathway ; ethanol ; fermentation ; aldehyde reductase ; ρ-crystallin ; oxidoreductase ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A xylose reductase gene was isolated from the xylose-fermenting yeast Pachysolen tannophilus as a cDNA clone by selecting clones that hybridized specifically to xylose-inducible messenger RNA. Use of the cDNA clone as a probe in Northern hybridizations identified a xylose-inducible mRNA species large enough to encode a 36kDa xylose reductase protein known to be produced by this yeast. A corresponding genomic clone was isolated as a 3kb EcoRI fragment that specifically hybridized to the cDNA clone. The sequence of the cDNA and the largest open reading frame of the genomic clone are identical. The predicted translation product exhibits: (1) significant sequence identity with a previously published N-terminal amino acid sequence from purified P. tannophilus xylose (aldose) reductase protein exhibiting NADH/NADPH-dependent activities (aldose reductase, EC 1.1.1.21); (2) identity with a protein composed of 317 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 36·2kDa, equivalent to that reported for purified P. tannophilus xylose reductase; and (3) considerable sequence similarity to, and features of, a superfamily of oxidoreductases. This sequence is deposited as GenBank Accession Number U40706.
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    New vectors for combinatorial deletions in yeast chromosomes and for gap-repair cloning using ‘split-marker’ recombination (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1439-1457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast functional analysis ; gene disruption ; gap-repair cloning ; selection gene ‘pop-out’ ; I-SceI ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: New tools are needed for speedy and systematic study of the numerous genes revealed by the sequence of the yeast genome. We have developed a novel transformation strategy, based on ‘split-marker’ recombination, which allows generation of chromosomal deletions and direct gene cloning. For this purpose, pairs of yeast vectors have been constructed which offer a number of advantages for large-scale applications such as one-step cloning of target sequence homologs and combinatorial use. Gene deletions or gap-repair clonings are obtained by cotransformation of yeast by a pair of recombinant plasmids. Gap-repair vectors are based on the URA3 marker. Deletion vectors include the URA3, LYS2 and kanMX selection markers flanked by I-SceI sites, which allow their subsequent elimination from the transformant without the need for counter-selection. The application of the ‘split-marker’ vectors to the analysis of a few open reading frames of chromosome XI is described.
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    The yeast Rad6 protein: A mediator of homologous recombination across the scaffold attached region at the replication origin ARS1 (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1427-1438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; ARS1 ; RAD6 ; scaffolds/SARs ; replacement recombination ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Here we show that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Rad6p plays a crucial role in locus-specific replacement recombination in the TRP1-ARS1 region. In rad6-1 strains, where this ubiquitination activity is modified, homologous recombination across a 150 bp continuous region is completely abolished. Our results unambiguously identified the ARS1 scaffold attached region (SAR) as being the region where this impediment for replacement recombination is located, since a merging of the location of the recombination impediment and binding properties in a scaffold exchange assay with deletion mutations was observed. Our observations strongly support the notion of torsionally separated chromosomal domains being organized by SARs and scaffold proteins, and being dynamically realigned as a consequence of ubiquitination and proteolysis.
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    Analysis of a 22 956 bp region on the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1563-1573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XV ; ORFs ; predictable functions ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We present here the sequence analysis of a DNA fragment (cosmid pUOA1258) located on the right arm of chromosome XV. The 22 956 bp sequence reveals 14 open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp and the 201 bp RPS33 gene. Among the 14 large ORFs, two overlapping frames are likely to be non-expressed and one corresponds to the known GLN4 gene encoding glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. Two ORFs, O3571 and O3620, encode putative transcriptional regulators with a Zn(2)-Cys(6) DNA binding domain characteristic of members of the GAL4 family. Among the nine remaining ORFs, five (O3568, O3575, O3590, O3615 and O3625) present significant similarity to proteins of unknown function and four (O3580, O3595, O3630 and O3635) lack homology to sequences present in the databases screened. This sequence has been deposited in the GenBank database under Accession Number U55021.
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    Sequence and analysis of a 26·9 kb fragment from chromosome XV of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1575-1586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome sequencing ; chromosome XV ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a fragment of chromosome XV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cloned into cosmid pEOA048. The analysis of the 26 857 bp sequence reveals the presence of 19 open reading frames (ORFs), and of one RNA-coding gene (SNR17A). Six ORFs correspond to previously known genes (MKK1/SSP32, YGE1/GRPE/MGE1, KIN4/KIN31/KIN3, RPL37B, DFR1 and HES1, respectively), all others were discovered in this work.Only five of the new ORFs have significant homologs in public databases, the remaining eight correspond to orphans (two of them are questionable). O5248 is a probable folylpolyglutamate synthetase, having two structural homologs already sequenced in the yeast genome. O5273 shows homology with a yeast protein required for vanadate resistance. O5268 shows homology with putative oxidoreductases of different organisms. O5257 shows homology with the SAS2 protein and another hypothetical protein from yeast. The last one, O5245, shows homology with a putative protein of Caenorhabditis elegans of unknown function. The present sequence corresponds to coordinates 772 331 to 799 187 of the entire chromosome XV sequence which can be retrieved by anonymous ftp (ftp. mips. embnet. org).
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    FEN2: A gene implicated in the catabolite repression-mediated regulation of ergosterol biosynthesis in yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 531-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; sterols ; fenpropimorph ; carbon catabolite repression ; nitrogen catabolite repression ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have isolated and characterized a pleiotropic recessive mutation, fen2-1, that causes resistance to fenpropimorph and a low level of ergosterol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ergosterol synthesis in the mutant strain was 5·5-fold slower than in the wild type; however, in vitro assays of the enzymes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis could not account for this low rate in the mutant. The mutant phenotype was expressed only in media exerting both carbon and nitrogen catabolite repression. To our knowledge, this is the first locus in yeast that reveals a concerted regulation between different pathways (carbon and nitrogen catabolite repression and/or general control of amino acid biosynthesis and ergosterol biosynthesis). The yeast gene FEN2 has been isolated and contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 512 codons. This ORF was found to be identical to YCR28C of chromosome III. A possible function of the FEN2 gene product in yeast is discussed.
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    Secretion of a variant of human single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator without an N-glycosylation site in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris and characterization of the secreted product (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 541-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Pichia pastoris ; single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator ; Mucor rennin prepeptide ; proteolysis ; secretion ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Human single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator without an N-glycosylation site (scu-PA-Q302) was produced in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris using the shortened prepeptide sequence of a fungal aspartic proteinase, Mucor pusillus rennin (MPR). The level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) immunoreactive material in YPM medium was 0·47 mg/l; however, most of the secreted product had been processed to smaller polypeptides. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of major species was identical to that of the low molecular weight two-chain u-PA. Some approaches to minimizing the proteolysis of scu-PA-Q302 were attempted. Addition of Triton X-100, l-arginine and ammonium phosphate to the YPM medium minimized the proteolysis of scu-PA-Q302 and increased the yield of immunoreactive material to approximately 5 mg/l. Use of proteinase A- or proteinase B-deficient strains of yeast did not reduce the degradation. Co-expression of scu-PA-Q302 and urinary trypsin inhibitor resulted in partial reduction of the major species of proteolysis.Scu-PA-Q302 was purified from the culture supernatant of the improved medium by two successive chromatographies on Phenyl-Sepharose and S-Sepharose. The purified protein had a molecular weight of 47 kDa. It did not contain detectable N-linked oligosaccharides, but contained O-linked oligosaccharides attached to the light chain. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the purified preparation showed that the shortened prepeptide sequence of MPR was correctly processed by the Pichia yeast. Scu-PA-Q302 closely resembles natural scu-PA with respect to its enzymatic activity against the chromogenic substrate S-2444 and its in vitro fibrinolytic properties.
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    Sequence analysis of a 14·2 kb fragment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XIV that includes the ypt53, tRNALeu and gsr m2 genes and four new open reading frames (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 599-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XIV ; ypt53 ; tRNALeu ; gsr m2 ; S7 RPR ; transmembrane protein ; norA ; glutamic acid rich protein ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: As part of the EU yeast genome program, a fragment of 14 262 bp from the left arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XIV has been sequenced. This fragment corresponds to cosmid 14-14b and is located roughly 130 kb from the centromere. It contains four new open reading frames which encode potential proteins of more than 99 amino acids, as well as the ypt53, tRNALeu and gsr m2 genes. The putative protein N2212 is similar to the ribosomal protein S7 from humans. N2215 contains several predicted transmembrane elements. N2231 contains regions which are rich in acidic, as well as basic, residues which could form α-helical structures. Similar regions are found in a variety of proteins including glutamic acid rich protein, trichohyalin, caldesmon, Tb-29 and several cytoskeleton-interacting proteins. The sequence has been entered in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X85811.
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    Isolation and characterization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe fragile mutants (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 555-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; fragile mutants ; cell wall structure ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three Schizosaccharomyces pombe fragile mutants requiring the presence of an osmotic stabilizer to grow, that lyse when transferred into hypotonic solutions and that secrete to the extracellular medium more protein than the parental strain were isolated. In the three mutants, the fragile phenotype segregated in a Mendelian fashion, indicating a single chromosomal gene mutation, and behaved as a recessive character. By complementation analysis, the three fragile mutants fell in a single complementation group, defining the same gene (SRB1). Mutations of this gene are responsible for alterations in the cells such as fragile character, increase in the cell wall porosity, changes in the cell morphology and floc-forming ability. The study of the three srb1 alleles indicated that the degree of these alterations is proportional to a significant decrease in the galactomannan fraction of the mutants cell wall. The data presented in this report suggest that the product of the SRB1 gene is critical for the maintenance of the integrity and structure of Sz. pombe cell wall.
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    ERG1, encoding squalene epoxidase, is located on the right arm of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 609-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; ERG1 ; squalene epoxidase ; chromosome VII ; sterol biosynthesis ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The ERG1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in the ergosterol pathway. ERG1 is an essential gene. Disruption of the gene with URA3 results in a lethal phenotype when cells are grown under aerobic conditions, even in the presence of ergosterol. However, cells are viable in the presence of ergosterol under anaerobic growth conditions during which ergosterol is taken up by cells. Physical and genetic mapping data reveal that ERG1 is located on the right arm of chromosome VII proximal to QCR9 at a distance of 14·6 cM from ADE3.
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    PetCR46, a gene which is essential for respiration and integrity of the mitochondrial genome (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 577-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Chromosome III ; YCR46C ; nuclear petite ; mitochondrial DNA ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the frame of the European Pilot Project for the functional analysis of newly discovered open reading frames (ORFs) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome III, we have deleted entirely the YCR46C ORF by a one-step polymerase chain reaction method and replaced it by the HIS3 marker in the strain W303. The deletion has been checked by meiotic segregation and Southern blot analyses. Characterization of the deleted strain indicates that YCR46C is essential for respiration and maintenance of the mitochondrial genome since its deletion leads to the appearance of 100% of cytoplasmic petites. Hybridization with molecular probes from mtDNA of individual clones of such petites showed that about 50% did hybridize (rho- clones) while others did not (possibly rho° clones). The wild-type gene has been cloned and shown to complement the deletion. The gene, which probably codes for a mitochondrial ribosomal protein, has been called petCR46.
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320120601
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    Review: The Cct eukaryotic chaperonin subunits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other yeasts (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 523-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: chaperonin ; Cct complex ; protein folding ; Candida albicans ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: All eight of the CCT1-CCT8 genes encoding the subunits of the Cct chaperonin complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been identified, including three that were uncovered by the systematic sequencing of the yeast genome. Although most of the properties of the eukaryotic Cct chaperonin have been elucidated with mammalian systems in vitro, studies with S. cerevisiae conditional mutants revealed that Cct is required for assembly of microtubules and actin in vivo. Cct subunits from the other yeasts, Candida albicans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, also have been identified from partial and complete DNA sequencing of genes. Cct8p from C. albicans, the only other completely sequenced Cct protein from a fungal species other than S. cerevisiae, is 72% and 61% similar to the S. cerevisiae and mouse Cct8 proteins, respectively. The C. albicans CCT8 sequence has been assigned the Accession Number U37371 in the GenBank/EMBL database.
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    Current awareness on yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 615-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320120602
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    Sequence analysis of the CEN12 region of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on a 43·7 kb fragment of chromosome XII including an open reading frame homologous to the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein CFTR (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 693-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: CEN12 ; DNM1 ; MMM1 ; DRS1 ; SOF1 ; SCD25 ; DPS1/ATS/APSG ; TGL1 ; hMRP1 ; hCFTR ; yeast ; cystic fibrosis ; multidrug resistance ; Pumilio ; MPT5 ; HTR1 ; YGL3 ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the framework of the European Union BIOTECH project for systematically sequencing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, we determined the nucleotide sequence of a 43·7 kb DNA fragment spanning the centromeric region of chromosome XII. A novel approach was the distribution of sublibraries prepared by the DNA coordinator (J. Hoheisel, Heidelberg, FRG), using a new hybridization-based DNA mapping method, in order to facilitate ordered sequencing. The sequence contains 22 open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 299 bp, including the published sequences for ATS/DPS1, SCD25, SOF1, DRS1, MMM1, DNM1 and the centromeric region CEN12. Five putative ORF products show similarity to known proteins: the leucine zipper-containing ABC transporter L1313p to the yeast Ycf1p metal resistance protein, to the yeast putative ATP-dependent permease Yhd5p, to the yeast putative proteins Yk83p and Yk84p, to the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (hCFTR) and to the human multidrug resistance-associated protein hMRP1; L1325p to the Drosophila melanogaster Pumilio protein, to the putative yeast regulatory protein Ygl3p and to the yeast protein Mpt5p/Htr1p; L1329p to human lipase A and gastric lipase, to rat lingual lipase and to the putative yeast triglyceride lipase Tgl1p; L1341p to the putative yeast protein Yhg4p; and the leucine zipper-containing L1361p to the two yeast proteins 00953p and Ym8156.08p and to the Arabidopsis thaliana protein HYP1. Eight ORFs show no homology to known sequences in the database, three small ORFs are internal and complementary to larger ones and L1301 is complementary overlapping the ATS/DPS1 gene. Additionally three equally spaced ARS consensus sequences were found. The nucleotide sequence reported here has been submitted to the EMBL data library under the accession number X91488.
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    The KNH1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a functional homolog of KRE9 (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 683-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: S. cerevisiae ; β1,6-glucan synthesis ; duplicated enzymatic activity ; carbon-source-dependent transcriptional regulation ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The KNH1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified as an open reading frame on the right arm of chromosome IV. The product encoded by the KNH1 gene, Knh1p, shares 46% overall identity with Kre9p, a protein required for cell surface β1,6-glucan synthesis. While disruption of the KNH1 locus had no effect on cell growth, killer toxin sensitivity or β1,6-glucan levels, overexpression of KNH1 was found to suppress the severe growth defect of a kre9Δ mutant and restored the level of alkali-insoluble β1,6-glucan to almost wild-type levels. Knh1p, like Kre9p, can be found in the extracellular culture medium as an O-glycoprotein, with a molecular mass of 45-61 kDa. Disruption of both KNH1 and KRE9 is lethal, and unlike single kre9Δ mutants, could not be rescued by overproducing SKN7, a putative transcription factor involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix assembly. Transcription of KNH1 was found to be carbon-source and kre9Δ dependent, but SKN7 independent, suggesting that KNH1 is subject to alternative transcriptional control. The KNH1 sequence has been deposited in GenBank under Accession Number U31538.
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    Analysis of the DNA sequence of a 15,500 bp fragment near the left telomere of chromosome XV from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals a putative sugar transporter, a carboxypeptidase homologue and two new open reading frames (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 709-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome XV ; sugar transporter ; carboxypeptidase ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the sequence of a 15·5 kb DNA segment located near the left telomere of chromosome XV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sequence contains nine open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp. Three of them are internal to other ones. One corresponds to the gene LGT3 that encodes a putative sugar transporter. Three adjacent ORFs were separated by two stop codons in frame. These ORFs presented homology with the gene CPS1 that encodes carboxypeptidase S. The stop codons were not found in the same sequence derived from another yeast strain. Two other ORFs without significant homology in databases were also found. One of them, O0420, is very rich in serine and threonine and presents a series of repeated or similar amino acid stretches along the sequence. The nucleotide sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X89715.
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    Synchronization affector of autonomous short-period-sustained oscillation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 673-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; metabolic oscillation ; Synchronization affector ; continuous culture ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: When the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown under aerobic continuous culture, an autonomous shortperiod-sustained oscillation appeared. This oscillation was observed in concentrations of various extracellular and intracellular parameters, such as ethanol, acetate, glycogen, dissolved oxygen and intracellular pH. In this work the synchronization affecter of this oscillation was investigated. Ethanol was found not to be the synchronizer of the oscillation because a pulse of ethanol did not affect the phase or period of the oscillation. The oscillation was dependent on the aeration rate, i.e., the oscillation occurred only between 150 and 600 ml min-1. However, the oxygen concentration did not influence synchronization as an upward shift in the oxygen concentration of the gas flow did not affect the sustainability of the oscillation. On the other hand, synchronization was stopped by an enhanced gas flow rate, keeping dissolved oxygen tension at the oscillatory condition, suggesting that synchronization was caused by a volatile compound in the culture. A stepwise increase in carbon dioxide concentration of the gas flow rate ceased synchronization, yet the oscillation seem to continue in each individual cell. Oscillatory behaviour of intracellular pH and carbon dioxide evolution rate showed a phase difference of 90 degrees. Based on these facts it is postulated that carbon dioxide, through the influence of its dissociation on intracellular pH, could be the synchronization affector of the autonomous short-period-sustained oscillation of S. cerevisiae.
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    HST1, a new member of the SIR2 family of genes (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 631-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: silencing ; mating type ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene, HST1, was identified from among anonymous cDNAs and the complete corresponding genomic clone was isolated and sequenced. HST1 is very closely related to SIR2, showing 71% sequence identity over 84% of its length. Polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers on S. cerevisiae DNA identified three additional SIR2-related genes designated HST2, HST3 and HST4. The sequences of HST2, HST3 and HST4 correspond to sequences previously released by the S. cerevisiae genome sequencing project as U33335, NCBI gi:965078; X87331, NCBI gi:829135; and Z48784, YD9346.03, respectively. Disruption of HST1 has shown no phenotype with respect to mechanisms in which SIR2 has a role, namely, regional silencing of HMLα, or in rDNA recombination. The sequence of HST1 has been deposited in the DDBJ, EMBL and GenBank at NCBI database under Accession Number L47120.
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320120701
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    Current awareness on yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 715-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320120702
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    Review: To bud until death: The genetics of ageing in the yeast, Saccharomyces (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 623-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Individual cells of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have a limited division capacity and undergo characteristic changes as they senesce, primarily increasing both their cell size and cell cycle time. The mortality curve for ageing yeast cells can be described by the Gompertz equation, the classical definition for an ageing population. Recent work from several laboratories has demonstrated that genes can determine the yeast lifespan. Studies with the UTH genes have implicated changes in transcriptional silencing during yeast ageing, but the roles of the RAS2, LAG1 and PHB1 genes in regulating yeast longevity are still unclear. What is becoming clearer, however, is that yeast ageing is more than just a bud scar phenomenon.
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    Isolation and characterization of a Δ-9 fatty acid desaturase gene from the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus CBS 570 (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 723-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Δ-9 fatty acid desaturase ; cryptococcus curvatus ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus is of industrial interest because it can accumulate triacylglycerols up to 60% of the cell dry weight. We are aiming at genetic modification of fatty acid biosynthesis for the production of tailor-made triacylglycerols in C. curvatus. As a first step in the development of a transformation and expression system a gene encoding the Δ-9 fatty acid desaturase of C. curvatus (CBS 570) was cloned. The 1470 bp gene encodes a protein of 493 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 55 kDa. The gene shows strong similarity to previous cloned Δ-9 desaturase genes from rat and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 62 and 72%, respectively. Expression of the Δ-9 desaturase gene was studied. Supplementation of the growth medium with oleic acid (C18:1(c9)) showed a strong repression (90%) on the mRNA level, while supplementation with petroselinic acid (C18:1(c6)) had no effect on the amount of mRNA.
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    Sustained oscillations in free-energy state and hexose phosphates in yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 731-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: oscillation ; glycolysis ; yeast ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; intracellular metabolites ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In a population of intact cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the dynamics of glycolytic metabolism were investigated under the condition of sustained oscillations. At 5-s intervals cells were quenched in -40°C methanol, extracted and the intracellular concentrations of glycolytic metabolites, adenine nucleotides and phosphate were analysed. Oscillations were found for the glycolytic intermediates glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. At variance with earlier reports on transient glycolytic oscillations, some intermediates further down the glycolytic pathway did not oscillate significantly, even though NADH did. In addition, the adenylate energy charge and the free energy of ATP hydrolysis oscillated significantly. Dynamic coupling through the latter may be responsible for this effective compartmentation of glycolytic dynamics.
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    Sequence analysis of a 40·7 kb segment from the left arm of yeast chromosome X reveals 14 known genes and 13 new open reading frames including homologues of genes clustered on the right arm of chromosome XI (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 787-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome X ; VPS35 ; INO1 ; SnR128 ; SnR190 ; MP12 ; YAK1 ; RPB4 ; YUR1 ; TIF2 ; MRS3 ; URA2 ; RSP25 homologue ; leucine zippers ; membrane proteins ; glycogenin glycosyltransferase ; human phospholipase D ; chromosome XI ; gene cluster translocation/recombination ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The complete nucleotide sequence of a 40·7 kb segment about 130 kb from the left end of chromosome X of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined from two overlapping cosmids. Computer analysis of that sequence revealed the presence of the previously known genes VPS35, INO1, SnR128, SnR190, MP12, YAK1, RPB4, YUR1, TIF2, MRS3 and URA2, three previously sequenced open reading frames (ORFs) of unknown function 5′ of the INO1, 5′ of the MP12 and 3′ of the URA2 genes and 13 newly identified ORFs. One of the new ORFs is homologous to mammalian glycogenin glycosyltransferases and another has similarities to the human phospholipase D. Some others contain potential transmembrane regions or leucine zipper motifs. The existence of yeast expressed sequence tags for some of the newly identified ORFs indicates that they are transcribed. A cluster of six genes within 10 kb (YUR1, TIF2, two new ORFs, an RSP25 homologue and MRS3) have homologues arranged similarly within 28·5 kb on the right arm of chromosome XI. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X87371.
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    Lambda clone B22 contains a 7676 bp genomic fragment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII spanning the VAM7-SPM2 intergenic region and containing three novel transcribed open reading frames (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 799-807 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: ypt/rab-like proteins ; GTPases ; zinc-finger proteins ; duplications ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A genomic clone of 7676 bp designated B22 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been sequenced. The 5′ end matches the previously described gene, VAM7, and the 3′ end matches the previously described gene, SPM2, both of which have been assigned to the left arm of chromosome VII. The intergenic region contains three transcribed open reading frames (ORFs). The first is related to an uncharacterized ORF of Bacillus subtilis and more weakly to MesJ in Escherichia coli; this is found as a single transcript of 1·1 kb by Northern blotting. The second ORF encodes a small ras-like GTPase of 222 residues with strong homology to yeast Ypt8p and to mammalian Rab11; this is found as a single transcript of 1·1 kb by Northern blotting. The third ORF generates a transcript of 1·6 kb and encodes a protein of 382 residues including a perfect match to the consensus sequence of a C2H2 zinc finger domain; it shares a strong homology with yeast Mig1p and Cre-A from Aspergillus, Emericella and E. coli. This ORF also has a striking similarity to a putative 43 kDa zinc finger protein encoded by an ORF (YEL8) immediately downstream of YPT8, raising the possibility that a region between VAM7 and SPM2 on chromosome VII arose as a duplication of the YPT8-YEL8 region of chromosome V, followed by a translocation. The sequence of the clone described has been deposited with the GenBank database under Accession Number U33754.
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    The 2μm plasmid of laboratory yeast strains is a type-1/type-2 hybrid (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 809-813 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; 2μm plasmid ; molecular evolution ; homeologous recombination ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Industrial yeast strains carry one of two homeologous 2μm plasmids designated as type-1 or type-2. The 2μm plasmid, Scp1, found in common laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is considered a type-2 plasmid, since the ori, STB, RAF and REP1 loci and intergenic sequences of the right-unique region of Scp1 are homologous to the corresponding loci in industrial strain type-2 plasmids. However, within both its 599 bp inverted repeats Scp1 has 142-bp sequences homologous to the bakers' yeast type-1 plasmid. DNA sequence analyses and oligonucleotide hybridizations indicate that the 142-bp insertion in Scp1 was probably due to homeologous recombination between type-1 and type-2 plasmids. These results suggest that some of the plasmid and chromosomal sequence polymorphisms seen in laboratory yeast strains result from homeologous recombination in their ancestral breeding stock.
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    Genomic reorganization between two sibling yeast species, Saccharomyces bayanus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 757-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces bayanus ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosomal rearrangement ; translocation ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Genomic comparison of two sibling yeast species, Saccharomyces bayanus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was performed by Southern blot analysis with various S. cerevisiae gene probes following electrophoretic karyotyping. Fifteen genes on chromosome IV of S. cerevisiae were examined and classified into two groups. Gene probes of CEN4 and TRP1, as well as six other genes located on the left arm of the chromosome hybridized to a 1100-kb chromosome of S. bayanus that is smaller than chromosome IV of S. cerevisiae. On the other hand, probes of seven genes located on the right arm of chromosome IV hybridized to a 1350-kb chromosome that is homeologous to chromosome IV, judging from its size. Two genes located on the left arm of chromosome II hybridized to the 1350-kb chromosome, while four genes on the right arm hybridized to the 1100-kb chromosome. These pieces of evidence indicate that chromosomes II and IV of S. cerevisiae are rearranged into 1350-kb and 1100-kb chromosomes in S. bayanus. Furthermore, it is suggested that chromosome XV is rearranged into two chromosomes (800 and 850 kb in size) in S. bayanus. The translocation points of chromosomes II and IV were delimited using S. cerevisiae prime clone membranes. The results indicated that the translocation points are located close to the FUR4 locus on chromosome II and close to the RAD57 locus on chromosome IV.
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    The Candida albicans PKC1 gene encodes a protein kinase C homolog necessary for cellular integrity but not dimorphism (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 741-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Candida albicans ; PKC1 gene ; Pkc1p activity ; cellular integrity ; dimorphism ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using a DNA fragment derived from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein kinase C gene (PKC1) as a probe to screen an ordered array library of genomic DNA from the dimorphic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, the C. albicans PKC1 gene (CaPKC1) was isolated. The CaPKC1 gene is predicted to encode a protein of 1079 amino acids with 51% sequence identity over the entire length with the S. cerevisiae Pkc1 protein and is capable of functionally complementing the growth defects of a S. cerevisiae pkc1Δ mutant strain on hypo-osmotic medium. Deletion of both endogenous copies of the CaPKC1 gene in diploid C. albicans cells resulted in an osmotically remedial cell lysis defect of both the budding and the hyphal growth form and morphologically aberrant cells of the budding form. Despite these abnormalities, the transition between the two growth forms of C. albicans occurred normally in pkc1/pkc1 double disruptants. Capkc1p was modified at its C-terminus with two repeats of the Staphylococcus aureus protein A IgG-binding fragment (ZZ-sequence tag) and partially purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and IgG-Sepharose. In vitro, Capkc1p preferably phosphorylated the S. cerevisiae Pkc1p pseudosubstrate peptide and myelin basic protein, but not histones, protamine or dephosphorylated casein, and failed to respond to cofactors known to activate several mammalian PKC isozymes.
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    Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression and subcellular localization in budding yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 773-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; functional analysis ; gene deletion ; green fluorescent protein ; homologous integration ; fusion protein ; expression vectors ; FACS ; microscopy ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria has attracted much attention as a tool to study a number of biological processes. This study describes the use of GFP as a vital reporter molecule for localization and expression studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Construction of GFP expression vectors which allow N- or C-terminal fusion of the gfp gene to a gene of interest allowed the generation of fusion proteins whose subcellular localization was followed by fluorescence microscopy in living yeast cells. Analysis of three unknown open reading frames obtained from the budding yeast chromosome XIV resulted in distinct staining patterns, allowing prediction of the cellular localization of these unknown proteins. Furthermore, GFP was used to construct a gene replacement cassette which, after homologous integration into the genomic locus, placed the gfp gene behind a promoter of interest. The amount of GFP produced from this promoter was then quantified in living yeast cells by flow cytometry. With this novel replacement cassette a gene of interest can be deleted and at the same time its expression level studied under various growth conditions. The experiments presented here suggest that GFP represents a convenient fluorescent marker for localization studies as well as gene expression studies in budding yeast. Systematic studies of a large number of genes should benefit from such assays.
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320120801
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    The isolation of a dol-P-man synthase from Ustilago maydis that functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 765-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: glycosylation ; dolichyl phosphoryl mannose ; dolichol ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Genomic DNAs from several fungi were screened for a homologous sequence to Saccharomyces cerevisiae DPM1, an essential gene which encodes dolichyl phosphoryl mannose synthase. The fungi examined included Aspergillus nidulans, Neurospora crassa, Schizophyllum commune and Ustilago maydis. Only U. maydis gave a significant signal after Southern hybridization using DPM1 as a probe. The Ustilago homolog was subsequently cloned and sequenced. The predicted protein of 294 amino acids has 60% identity to the S. cerevisiae protein, but lacks the putative ‘dolichol recognition sequence’. RNA of ca. 900 bp is transcribed in both yeast and filamentous cells of Ustilago. In Escherichia coli, the U. maydis sequence expressed a 35 kDa protein exhibiting dolichyl phosphoryl mannose synthase activity. The sequence was also shown to complement a haploid strain of S. cerevisiae containing a deletion of the DPM1 gene. The U. maydis sequence therefore, encodes a dolichyl phosphoryl mannose synthase that can support normal vegetative growth in S. cerevisiae. The GenBank accession number is U54797.
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    Invertase secretion in Hansenula polymorpha under the AOX1 promoter from Pichia pastoris (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 815-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: HARS, Hansenula autonomously replicating sequence ; SUC2, sucrose invertase ; AOX1, alcohol oxidase ; Pollk, polymerase I, fragment klenow ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A DNA fragment containing a transcription regulating region of the alcohol oxidase (AOX1) gene from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris was used in the construction of a vector for the expression of heterologous proteins in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. We used this vector to clone the SUC2 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae into H. polymorpha yeast.The culture conditions for invertase production using a fed-batch culture were studied. More than 1·5×103 U/ml of biologically active invertase (1 g/l) were secreted to the cellular periplasmic space. The fermentative process was scaled up to 50 l.Invertase produced from H. polymorpha was glycosylated, but it contained significantly less carbohydrate than protein produced by S. cerevisiae. Using the Western-blot technique, it was observed that invertase secreted from H. polymorpha and invertase secreted from S. cerevisiae showed common antigenic determinants.
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    Analysis of a 62 kb DNA sequence of chromosome X reveals 36 open reading frames and a gene cluster with a counterpart on chromosome XI (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 869-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome X ; open reading frames ; tRNA ; gene duplication ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have sequenced a 61,989 bp stretch located between genes RAD7 and FIP1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome X. This stretch contains 36 open reading frames (ORFs) of at least 100 codons. Fourteen of these correspond to sequences previously published as HIT1, CDC8, YAP17, CBF1, NAT1, RPA12, CCT5, TOR1, RFC2, PEM2, CDC11, MIR1, STE18 and GRR1. The proteins deduced from four ORFs (YJR059w, YJR065c, YJR075w, YJR078w) have significant similarity to proteins of known function from yeast or other organisms, including S. cerevisiae serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Act2 protein, S. cerevisiae mannosyltransferase OCH1 protein and mouse indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, respectively. Four of the remaining 18 ORFs have similarity to proteins with unknown function, six are weakly similar to other known sequences, while another eight exhibit no similarity to any known sequence. In addition, three tRNA genes have been recognized. Three genes clustered within 22 kb (YJR059w, YJR061w and TOR1) have counterparts arranged within 15 kb on the left arm of chromosome XI. The sequence has been deposited in the Genome Sequence Data Base under Accession Number L47993.
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  • 84
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    Sequence and analysis of a 33 kb fragment from the right arm of chromosome XV of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 877-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome sequencing ; chromosome XV ; MGM1 ; STE4 ; CDC44 ; STE13 ; RPB8 ; MIP1 ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a cosmid (pEOA423) from chromosome XV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of the 33,173 bp sequence reveals the presence of 20 putative open reading frames (ORFs). Five of them correspond to previously known genes (MGM1, STE4, CDC44, STE13, RPB8). The previously published nucleotide sequences are in perfect agreement with our sequence except for STE4 and MGM1. In the latter case, 59 amino acids were truncated from the published protein at its N-terminal end due to a frameshift. The putative translation products of six other ORFs exhibit significant homology with protein sequences in public databases: O50 03 and O50 17 products are homologs of the ANC1 and MIP1 proteins of S. cerevisiae, respectively; O50 05 product is similar to that of a protein of unknown function from Myxococcus xanthus; O50 12 product is probably a new ATP/ADP carrier; O50 13 product shows homology with group II tRNA synthetases; and the O50 16 product exhibits strong similarity with the N-terminal domain of the NifU proteins from several prokaryotes. The remaining nine ORFs show no significant similarity. Among these, two contiguous ORFs (O50 19 and O50 20) are very similar to each other, suggesting an ancient tandem duplication. The 33,173 bp sequence has been submitted to EMBL (Accession Number: X92441).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 85
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    A Candida albicans gene encoding a DNA ligase (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 893-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Candida albicans ; IME1 ; CDC9 ; IME2 ; ATP-dependent DNA ligase ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A DNA ligase-encoding gene (Ca CDC9) was cloned from Candida albicans by complementation of an ime-1 mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this system, IME1 function was assayed using a S. cerevisiae strain with a ime2-promoter-lacZ gene fusion such that following transformation with a C. albicans genomic library, the presence of positive clones was indicated upon the addition of X-gal to sporulation media. Transforming fragments were subcloned in pGEM7 and sequenced. Sequence homology with several ATP-dependent DNA ligases from viruses, fission yeast, human, baker yeast and bacteria was observed. The sequence has been deposited in the EMBL data bank under the Accession Number X95001.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 86
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    Sequence analysis of a 14·6 kb DNA fragment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII reveals SEC27, SSM1b, a putative S-adenosylmethionine-dependent enzyme and six new open reading frames (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 887-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome VII ; SEC27 ; SSM1b ; S-adenosylmethionine-dependent enzyme ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of a fragment from the left arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII has been determined. Analysis of the 14,607 bp DNA segment reveals nine open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp. G2827 is the SEC 7 gene, an essential coatomer complex subunit. G2834 encodes SSM1b, a ribosomal protein. The G2838 product shows homology to hypothetical yeast proteins, YIF0 and YE09, of unknown function. The G2830 product shows homology with the cell division protein FtsJ from Escherichia coli, with two hypothetical proteins from yeast, YCF4 and YBR1, and with R74.7, a hypothetical protein from Caenorhabditis elegans. Two of the ORFs are completely internal to longer ones and a third is partially embedded in G2850. The remaining ORFs give no significant homology with proteins in the databases. The sequence has been deposited at the EMBL database under Accession Number X92670.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 87
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    Reconstitution of lactate proton symport activity in plasma membrane vesicles from the yeast Candida utilis (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1263-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: membrane vesicles ; lactic acid transport ; Candida utilis ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Lactic acid transport was studied in plasma membrane vesicles from the yeast Candida utilis IGC 3092 which were fused with liposomes containing cytochrome c oxidase. After the addition of an electron donor system, these hybrid membrane vesicles were able to generate a proton-motive force of about -150mV, inside alkaline and negative. In vesicles prepared from lactic acid-grown cells, the uptake of labelled lactic acid, at pH 6·2, under energized conditions, was expressed by a kinetics consistent with the involvement of a mediated transport system. This carrier exhibited a substrate specificity pattern identical to the one found for the lactate-proton symport in intact cells. The transport of labelled lactic acid was accumulative and strongly sensitive to the effects of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone, consistent with the involvement of the proton-motive force in acid uptake, hence with the presence of a proton symport for lactate. Dissipation of the transmembrane electric potential by valinomycin did not have a significant effect on lactate accumulation, whereas abolishing the transmembrane pH gradient (ΔpH) by nigericin prevented the accumulation and led to a rapid efflux of the accumulated acid. The data support that the ΔpH is the main component of the proton-motive force involved in the transport of the acid and its accumulation. The lactate-proton symport stoichiometry was 1:1, being independent of the pH. Vesicles prepared from glucose-grown cells did not display the capacity to transport and accumulate lactate. However, activity for the carrier was also reconstituted in vesicles obtained from glucose-grown cells after incubation in buffer containing lactic acid. These results were consistent with those obtained in intact cells, which demonstrated that the lactate-proton symport of the yeast C. utilis is inducible.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 88
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    Genetic aspects of carbon catabolite repression of the STA2 glucoamylase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1297-1300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: yeast ; extracellular glucoamylase ; carbon catabolite repression ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three regulatory genes, known to be required for glucose repression/derepression of some genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were disrupted to study their effects on the carbon-source regulation of the STA2 glucoamylase gene expression. Using a STA2-lacZ fusion it was found that: (1) the MIG1 gene is dispensable for the repression of the STA2 gene; (2) there are two components in the carbon-source repression of STA2: HXK2-dependent and HXK2-independent; and (3) the HAP2 gene seems to be involved in repression rather than activation of the STA2 expression.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 89
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    Sequence of the GLT1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals the domain structure of yeast glutamate synthase (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1359-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: glutamate synthase ; S. cerevisiae ; chromosome IV ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamine synthetase play a crucial role in ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The GOGAT enzyme has been purified and the GOGAT structural gene (GLT1) has been cloned, showing that this enzyme is a homotrimeric protein with a monomeric size of 199kDa.We report the GLT1 nucleotide sequence and the amino acid sequence of its deduced protein product. Our results show that there is a high conservation with the corresponding genes of Escherichia coli, Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Zea mais (maize). Binding domains for glutamine, cofactors (FMN and NADH) and the cysteine clusters (which comprise the iron-sulfur centres) were tentatively identified on the basis of sequence comparison with GOGAT sequences from E. coli, alfalfa and maize. The sequence of GLT1 has been deposited in the EMBL data library under Accession Number X89221.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 90
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    Evidence for a selective and electroneutral K+/H+-exchange in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using plasma membrane vesicles (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1301-1313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; plasma membrane purification ; vesicles reconstitution ; K+/H+-exchange ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The existence of a K+/H+ transport system in plasma membrane vesicles from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is demonstrated using fluorimetric monitoring of proton fluxes across vesicles (ACMA fluorescence quenching). Plasma membrane vesicles used for this study were obtained by a purification/reconstitution protocol based on differential and discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugations followed by an octylglucoside dilution/gel filtration procedure. This method produces a high percentage of tightly-sealed inside-out plasma membrane vesicles. In these vesicles, the K+/H+ transport system, which is able to catalyse both K+ influx and efflux, is mainly driven by the K+ transmembrane gradient and can function even if the plasma membrane H+-ATPase is not active. Using the anionic oxonol VI and the cationic DISC2(5) probes, it was shown that a membrane potential is not created during K+ fluxes. Such a dye response argues for the presence of a K+/H+ exchange system in S. cerevisiae plasma membrane and established the non-electrogenic character of the transport. The maximal rate of exchange is obtained at pH 6·8. This reversible transport system presents a high selectivity for K+ among other monovalent cations and a higher affinity for the K+ influx into the vesicles (exit from cells). The possible role of this K+/H+ exchange system in regulation of internal potassium concentration in S. cerevisiae is discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 91
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    Mutations in an Abf1p binding site in the promoter of yeast RPO26 shift the transcription start sites and reduce the level of RPO26 mRNA (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1339-1350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: RPO26 ; ABF1 ; transcription initiation ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A binding site for the transcription factor Abf1p was identified as an important promoter element of the gene that encodes Rpo26, a subunit common to all three yeast nuclear RNA polymerases (RNAP). Mutations in the Abf1p binding site were identified among a pool of rpo26 mutant alleles that confer synthetic lethality in combination with a temperature-sensitive mutation (rpo21-4) in the gene that encodes the largest subunit of RNAPII (Rpo21p). In the presence of the wild-type allele of RPO21 these rpo26 promoter mutations confer a cold-sensitive growth defect. Electrophoretic mobility-shift assays using purified Abf1p demonstrated that Abf1p binds to the RPO26 promoter and that the promoter mutations abolish this binding in vitro. Quantitation of the amount of RPO26 mRNA showed that mutations in the Abf1p binding site reduce the expression of RPO26 by approximately 60%. Mutations that affect Abf1p binding also result in a shift of the RPO26 transcriptional start sites to positions further upstream than normal. These results suggest that binding of the Abf1p transcription factor to the RPO26 promoter is important not only in establishing the level of transcription for this gene, but also in positioning the initiation sites of transcription.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 92
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    Current awareness on yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1385-1392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121302
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  • 93
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    The SKS1 protein kinase is a multicopy suppressor of the snf3 mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1407-1419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; SKS1 ; protein kinase ; glucose transport ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains carrying snf3 are defective in high affinity glucose transport, and thus are unable to grow fermentatively on media with low concentrations of glucose. A multicopy suppressor of the snf3 growth defect, SKS1 (suppressor kinase of snf3), was found to encode a putative ser/thr protein kinase homologous to Ran1p, a kinase that regulates the switch between meiosis and vegetative growth in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Overexpression of the SKS1 open reading frame is sufficient for suppression of the growth defects of snf3 mutants. Disruption of the open reading frame eliminates this suppression; as does the mutation of the consensus ATP binding site of Sks1p. A DDSE (DNA dependent snf3 suppressor element) was found to be present in the SKS1 promoter region. The suppression by this DDSE occurs in the absence of SKS1 coding region, that is, the DDSE can suppress a snf3 sks1 double null mutant which fails to grow fermentatively on low glucose as a snf3 mutant does. Both SKS1 and its DDSE can additionally suppress the growth defects of grr1 mutants, which are also impaired in high affinity glucose transport. The snf3 genomic suppressors, rgt1, RGT2 and ssn6, are also capable of suppressing snf3 associated growth defects in a strain lacking sks1.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 94
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    Functional analysis of YCL09C: Evidence for a role as the regulatory subunit of acetolactate synthase (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1511-1518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; acetolactate synthase ; ILV6 ; EC 4.1.3.18 ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have analysed the function of the open reading frame (ORF) YCL09C. The deletion of this ORF from chromosome III does not affect the physiology of the corresponding yeast strain enough to give a distinct phenotype. Nevertheless a computational analysis reveals high homology between this ORF and the enterobacterial genes encoding the regulatory subunit of acetolactate synthase. We have therefore tested the possibility that ycl09cp is the regulatory subunit of yeast acetolactate synthase by in vitro enzymatic analysis. The acetolactate synthase was previously shown to be retroinhibited by its final product valine. In Escherichia coli this retro-control is assured by the regulatory subunit. Using a yeast strain carrying a complete deletion of YCL09C, we have observed the loss of such retro-inhibition. These results together with the computational predictions show that YCL09C encodes the regulatory subunit of yeast acetolactate synthase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 95
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    Analysis of a 26 756 bp segment from the left arm of yeast chromosome IV (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1549-1554 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; chromosome IV ; BPL1 ; RPB1 ; ARF2 ; L35 ; PPH21 ; rho GDP dissociation factor ; YL41B ; RGT2 ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The nucleotide sequence of a 26·7 kb DNA segment from the left arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome IV is presented. An analysis of this segment revealed 11 open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 300 bp and one split gene. These ORFs include the genes encoding the large subunit of RNA polymerase II, the biotin apo-protein ligase, an ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF 2), the ‘L35’-ribosomal protein, a rho GDP dissociation factor, and the sequence encoding the protein phosphatase 2A. Further sequence analysis revealed a short ORF encoding the ribosomal protein YL41B, an intron in a 5′ untranslated region and an extended homology with another cosmid (X83276) located on the same chromosome. The potential biological relevance of these findings is discussed. The sequence was submitted to the EMBL database under Accession Number X96876.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 96
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    Removal of an intron with unique 3′ branch site creates an amino-terminal protein sequence directing the scERV1 gene product to mitochondria (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1501-1510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; intron splicing ; TACTAAC box ; mitochondrial localization ; mammalian homologues ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The yeast scERV1 gene is of special interest because it has a dual function in mitochondrial biogenesis and in the regulation of the cell cycle. The recent discovery that the yeast scERV1 gene has a structural and functional human homologue initiated a detailed comparison of the genes and their structures. In addition the homologous ALR (augmenter of liver regeneration) genes from rat and mouse have just been identified and it has been found that the mammalian proteins have a specific function in liver regeneration and in spermatogenesis. It now turns out that the organization of the 5′ regions of these genes is much more complicated than expected. The latest research has discovered an additional intron in the 5′ region of the mouse gene and possible amino-terminal extensions of the reading frames. In this work, reinvestigation of the 5′ region of the yeast gene identifies a putative intron with an unusual 3′ branch site. It is shown that a small intron of 83 nucleotides is present in this genomic region. Analysis of cDNA clones demonstrates that the intron is correctly removed from the messenger RNA and that therefore the unusual 3′ branch site is probably functional. Furthermore, studies with antibodies directed against recombinant scERV1 protein demonstrate that the gene product is associated with mitochondria, in agreement with its involvement in mitochondrial biogenesis. Complementation experiments with mutants and different 5′ deletions of the gene identify the corresponding promotor for transcription and the start codon for translation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 97
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    Sequence of a 39 411 bp DNA fragment covering the left end of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1555-1562 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: chromosome sequencing ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; ADH4 ; FZF1 ; HKB ; RTG2 ; HFM1 ; PDE1 ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have sequenced a DNA fragment of 39 411 bp which includes part of the left telomere of chromosome VII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have identified 19 open reading frames (ORFs); six correspond to known yeast genes (ADH4, FZF1, HKB, RTG2, HFM1 and PDE1), nine have similarity with other genes and four exhibit no significant similarity with any known gene. The average size of these ORFs seems to be related to their location, the eight ORFs nearest the telomere being shorter than the 11 others. These two groups of genes are separated by a region of 4·5 kb devoid of significant ORFs. One ORF, NRF120, is a new member of the seripauperine family, represented once in all sequenced yeast chromosomes, in a subtelomeric location. This sequence has been entered in the EMBL data library under accession number X94357.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 98
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    Analysis of a 23 kb region on the left arm of yeast chromosome IV (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1587-1592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: genome sequencing ; chromosome IV ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a 23 kb segment from the left arm of chromosome IV, which is carried by the cosmid 1L10. This sequence contains the 3′ coding region of the STE7 and RET1 (COP1) genes, and 13 complete open reading frames longer than 300 bp, of which ten correspond to putative new genes and three (CLB3, MSH5 and RPC53) have been sequenced previously. The sequence from cosmid 1L10 was obtained entirely by a combined subcloning and walking primer strategy.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 99
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    Masthead (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121501
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  • 100
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    Current awareness on yeast (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 12 (1996), S. 1593-1600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yea.320121502
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