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  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (413)
  • 1970  (413)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (413)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660301
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The regeneration of a limb muscle in the axolotl from minced fragmentsSupported in part by a Rackham grant and by a grant from the University of Michigan Cancer Institute. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 423-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In over 50 cases the pubo-ischio-tibialis muscle in mature axolotls was removed, minced and the minced fragments replaced into the site from which the muscle was removed. In 13 control animals the same muscle was removed but nothing was replaced. Regenerates were studied at post-operational intervals of up to 150 days. Both grossly and histologically the regeneration of muscles from minced fragments in the axolotl follows a course very similar to that observed in frogs and rats. There is an initial period of destruction of the sarcoplasm of the minced muscle fragments. This is characterized by intense phagocytic activity. Following this, a population of myoblasts is established and the differentiation of mature muscle fibers ensues. The regeneration of muscles from minced fragments is compared with the formation of muscles in regenerating limbs. Following mincing, new muscle fibers develop rapidly and without the mediation of a blastema. Following limb amputation, a blastema is established before any differentiation of muscle occurs in the regenerate. This occurs more slowly than the differentiation of muscle fibers following mincing. The implications of these differences are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twinning in the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentinaThis work was supported by the research grant 8 RO1 HD03484 made by the National Institutes of Health. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 491-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twinning or duplication was observed in 28 eggs of the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina serpentina. The methods of observation made detection of separate blastodiscs relatively certain, that of duplication within a blastodisc less so. Only two of the latter were found. Twins occurred in about 1% of the eggs; 26% of the clutches had one or more abnormal eggs. Twinned blastodiscs developed normally in early stages. When incubated through hatching, 12 out of 12 sets of twins developed unequally so that one was essentially normal, the other was small and not viable. In one case, in which the carapace of the smaller twin was three quarters the length of the larger, both died during hatching. The pigmentation patterns of the carapace of these twins differed; this indicates that they are fraternal rather than identical twins.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of the human wrist joint during the fetal period (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 499-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent morphological studies have revealed that the hominoid ulna has become progressively excluded from direct articulation with the carpus by the elaboration of an intervening intra-articular meniscus, which in gibbons contains a bony lunula. In man this meniscus has merged with the triangular articular disk, forming a confluent proximal articular surface and constricting off a diverticulum of the synovial radiocarpal cavity, the prestyloid recess, which may lodge the ulnar styloid process. The present study reassesses the development of the human fetal joint in the light of these findings. Initially separate radioscaphoid, radiolunate and ulnotriquetral synovial cavities communicate to form a single continuous wrist joint cavity; the pisotriquetral cavity, at first independent, frequently establishes continuity with the wrist joint cavity, the normal condition in most Primates. After the 60 mm C. R. stage the ulna withdraws from the carpus and an intervening meniscus and prestyloid recess are elaborated. In a number of specimens a cartilaginous nodule, the so-called intermedium antebrachii, has been observed adjacent to the ulnar styloid process. There is little doubt that this nodule, which may ossify, is homologous with the gibbon lunula.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660308
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The time lag in the development of bronchial arteriesSupported by Research grant HD-00656, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 611-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Reconstruction of the pulmonary and aortic trunks, together with adjacent structures in a 41 mm human embryo of the Carnegie Collection, demonstrates that as late as the ninth week after ovulation the bronchial artery is still a tiny vessel, arising ventrolaterally from the descending aorta at the level of the third pair of dorsal aortic-intercostal arteries, and that any extension of it along the bronchial tree must still be of capillary calibre since no visible branches can be followed into the root of the lung. In sum, bronchial arteries arise later, more slowly and from a lower position than has hitherto been assumed. By contrast, the anomalous systemic pulmonary artery that supplies the right posterior basal bronchopulmonary segment in this fetus and which now arises from the aorta just above the celiac artery, is a robust vessel. Such systemic pulmonary arteries must arise very early, at the level of the definitive pulmonary arteries, and keep pace with them in growth, whether or not their stems descend along the aorta with the migrating celiac artery.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660407
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of rat mammary gland during pregnancy (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 17-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Virgin female Sprague-Dawley rats were mated, and after the appearance of vaginal plugs were placed in individual cages. The animals were sacrificed at different intervals from the second day of gestation until delivery. Breast tissue was studied with the light and electron microscope.The study suggests that breast tissue undergoes changes as early as four days after fertilization and continues throughout pregnancy. The changes start with accumulation of many ribosomes and polysomes within the epithelial cell cytoplasm. Lipid droplets appear early and increase in number as pregnancy advances. Two types of proteinaceous particles appear within the cytoplasm on the seventh day of gestation, and are totally secreted into the lumina before parturition. The particles are believed to play a role in colustrum composition. The Golgi apparatus plays no role in the formation of the proteinaceous particles. The particles are formed in relation to rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum.The changes seen are limited to the ductular epithelium and are not seen in the large ducts. In animals treated with colchicine, mitoses are seen in the ductular epithelium very early in pregnancy and continue throughout the gestation period.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670104
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of age and exercise on the extent of the myocardial capillary bedSupported by funds from the National Research Council of Canada. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The age-related response of the ventricular capillary bed to enhanced work loads was investigated in male albino rats. During the 12-week experimental period young, adult and old animals were trained on a motor-driven treadmill. Resting bradycardia was found to occur after 8-12 weeks of training. Demonstration of the ventricular capillary bed was accomplished by injecting Pelikan biological ink retrograde into the ascending aorta of a beating heart. Capillary/muscle fiber ratios were slightly (6.5-9.5% ), but significantly, increased in all trained groups. The number of capillaries/mm2 decreased with age but was higher in trained animals. Thus while aging is associated with a decrease in the concentration of ventricular capillaries, chronic exercise provides some mechanism which enhances the extent of the capillary bed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-irradiation of pregnant mongolian gerbils (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 37-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Female Mongolian gerbils were x-irradiated at various doses from 200r to 1200r on day 2 (fertilized eggs at 2-cell stage) or day 9 (embryos at the early primitive streak stage) after mating and examined on day 18. No significant differences in numbers of corpora lutea were observed between controls and females irradiated at 200-800r on day 2 or day 9, although irradiation at 1200r on day 2 caused regression of all corpora lutea. Preimplantation loss as determined by the proportion of eggs that failed to implant in the pregnant females, was significantly increased only in the females irradiated at 1200r on day 2 (100% loss) as compared with control animals. The mean numbers of fetuses were significantly reduced in the females irradiated on day 2 at 400r (3.00 ± .71) and at 800r (1.2 ± .37), or on day 9 at 400r (3.0 ± 1.14) or at 800r (0) as compared with controls (5.4 ± .51). The embryonic loss after but not before implantation was significantly increased in all irradiated animals except those irradiated at 200r on day 9. When mated females irradiated at 400r or 800r on day 2 were examined on day 12, 15 or 16 of pregnancy, the mean diameter of implantation sites was significantly smaller in the females irradiated at 800r on day 2 (5.4 ± 0.53 mm) than those in the control females (9.3 ± 0.17 mm). No gross abnormalities of fetuses were observed in the control animals, only two abnormal out of 21 fetuses were found in females irradiated on day 2, but various abnormalities, such as retarded development, cleft palate, spina bifida, acephaly or amorphous fetuses were observed in 20 out of 45 fetuses from females irradiated at 200-400r on day 9. Histological examination of ovaries revealed that all pregnant females had fully developed corpora lutea while the ovaries of females without implantation sites following irradiation contained regressing corpora lutea, and in some cases newly formed corpora lutea. The number and morphology of chromosomes of embryos from females irradiated at 400r or 800r were examined, but no differences were found as compared with embryos of control animals.It appears that whereas x-irradiation of the 2-cell gerbil eggs increased the mortality of implanted embryos, irradiation of the early primitive streak stage caused embryonic death as well as developmental abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities of fetuses however were not observed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670105
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The early development of the parotid gland around the facial nerve and its branches in manSupported by the Edward G. Schlieder Educational Foundation. New Orleans. Louisiana. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 63-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The manner in which the parotid gland forms around the related facial nerve branches was studied with the aid of reconstructions in 15 human embryos and fetuses 18 to 80 mm, crown-rump length, 7+ to 13.5 weeks (w), menstrual age. Peripheral branches of the nerve terminate in the cervicomandibular region at 18 mm (7+w), when the unbranched parotid bud is farther rostral. By 22 mm (8w), a small nerve branch approaches the buccal region superficial to the bud that extends toward the preauricular region. At 26 mm (8.5w), several nerve branches course superficial to the parotid primordium which has first order ductules and is adjacent to the masseter muscle. Second order ductules form quickly (27 mm, 8.5w) as the primordium approaches the superficial aspect of the lower buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical nerve branches. The primordium enters the parotid space by 32 mm (9w) as third order ductules develop. At 37 mm (10w), it has fourth order ductules and the buccal nerve branches are superficial to the main duct. Nerve branches of the temporofacial ramus (temporal, zygomatic and upper buccal) occupy a superficial position in the primordium whereas branches of the cervicofacial ramus (lower buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical) are deeper. A similar arrangement is evident at 56-80 mm (11.5-13.5w) when the complex primordium has connections with its superficial and deep portions between many nerve branches.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volumetric composition of the rabbit skeletonWork supported by AEC grant AT(30-1)-3728. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four rabbit skeletons were completely analyzed for marrow contents by means of a volumetric technique developed previously in a study of the dog skeleton (Gong and Arnold, 1965). The distribution of the marrow in various skeletal areas as well as the relative contents of the three marrow components (water, fat and non-fatty organic fraction) were determined.It was found that more than two-thirds of the rabbit marrow was located in the various flat bones and one-third in the long bones. In spite of this, almost half of the skeletal marrow fat was located in the long bones. The nonfatty organic fraction of the marrow in the long bones, on the other hand, constituted only one-sixth of that found in the whole animal skeletal marrow. In terms of total marrow, about 51% of the rabbit skeletal volume was marrow. Based on the concept that fat-free marrow is a more adequate index of active marrow than the red marrow (Gong and Arnold, 1965), the distribution of the various centers of marrow activity was described and discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670108
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vascular stiffening mechanism in the tongue of the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An extensive vascular arrangement resembling erectile tissue is described in the tongue of an anteating Monotreme, the Echidna. Its possible function as a stiffening mechanism is discussed in relation to observations on living animals.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670207
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypophyseal LH and FSH release and uterine nucleic acid changes during the mouse estrous cycleThis investigation was supported in part by an allocation from Public Health Service General Research Support grant FR-05545-05 to The Jackson Laboratory, in part by Public Health Service Training grant T1CA-5013 from the National Cancer Institute, and in part by Public Health Service Research grant HD-00767 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The principles of laboratory animal care as promulgated by the Council of the American Physiological Society are observed in this laboratory. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Concentrations of hypophyseal and plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured along with the total amount of uterine DNA and RNA during four stages of the mouse estrous cycle: proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. Female mice were exposed to male olfactory stimuli to induce repeatable 4-5 day estrous cycles. The mean concentration of hypophyseal LH dropped from 2.9 μg/mg at diestrus to 0.3 μg/mg at proestrus. During this same time period the concentration of plasma LH increased from 3.3 μg/100 ml to 10.6 μg/100 ml. In contrast to the fluctuations in LH, the concentration of FSH in the hypophyses and plasma remained relatively constant throughout the estrous cycle. Uterine weight and total uterine DNA, RNA, and the ratio of RNA:DNA were all significantly greater (P 〈 0.05) at proestrus than at metestrus suggesting significant fluctuations in cell numbers and protein synthetic activity of the uterus during the estrous cycle. The fluctuations in LH and FSH release and in uterine nucleic acids noted during the mouse estrous cycle generally agree with observations in laboratory rats. However, the pattern of LH and perhaps FSH release preceding ovulation in mice may be different than that suggested for rats. These differences may be attributed to the greater dependence of mice on male olfactory stimuli.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670407
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscopic study of mesenchyme during development of interdigital spaces in man (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 43-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cell movements and degenerations occur normally during embryogenesis and have received particular attention during development of limbs in the chick. The present investigation suggests that similar phenomena occur during formation of interdigital spaces in man. Upper limb buds were dissected from a human embryo (CR 15.5 mm, age estimated at 6 weeks postfertilization), fixed in phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde, and prepared for electron microscopy. Mesenchymal cells in developing interdigital zones appeared to be undergoing either mitosis or necrosis. Macrophagy of necrotic mesenchymal cells, which begins distad in the appendage bud, contributes to the final formation of an interdigital space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680104
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microcirculation of the bone marrowThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research grant CA 05493 from the National Cancer Institute. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 55-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The microcirculation in the bone marrow has been studied in the femur, tibia, and humerus of guinea pigs, rats, and rabbits. Used were whole mounts of bone with bone marrow in situ, perfused and not perfused with India ink, thick sections (0.5 to 1.0 mm) of the same material, and also serially cut histological sections. It is concluded that the major blood supply to the bone marrow is transosteal. Direct intramyeloid connections of the arborizations of the nutrient artery with the sinusoids are rare. The great majority of the terminal capillaries of the nutrient artery enter the bone, where they anastomose with the intraosteal vessels which in turn connect with the sinusoidal network at the osteomyeloid junction. In addition, numerous direct links exist between the periosteal vessels and the vessels in the osteal canals.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680105
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pineral structure and composition in the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)Presented in part at the 83rd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Anatomists, Chicago, Illinois, April 2, 1970. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Microscopic structure and histochemistry were studied in the pineal organ of a male orangutan (34 kg body weight, 7 years radiological age). Although small in size (1.7 mm long by 1.1 mm wide dorsoventrally) the pineal of this species appears active and has a number of distinctive characteristics: broad exposure on the third ventricle at the pineal recess; permeation by recesses and channels from the dorsal sac; extensive penetration by loops of myelinated fibers from the habenular and posterior commissures; lack of intrapineal nerve cell bodies; presence of different parenchymal cell types having granular and vacuolated cytoplasm; and a densely cellular stroma containing melanin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680108
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  • 16
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    Electronic Resource
    C cell follicles in the dog thyroid: Demonstration by in vivo perfusionThis investigation was supported in part by National Institutes of Health G.R.S. grant 5-S01-FR05491-06.Submit reprint requests to: Dr. Steven Teitelbaum, Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, 216 South Kingshighway, St. Louis, Missouri 63110. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The histology and ultrastructure of the parafollicular cells of eight dog thyroids were studied by various methods of fixation. The best preservation resulted from in vivo perfusion with glutaraldehyde. When prepared in this manner clusters of C cells were seen to possess follicular and canalicular systems. Coated vesicles were noted at various luminal surfaces and at the basilar plasma membrane. The authors conclude that the maintenance of intracapillary pressure during fixation is essential for the demonstration of normal histological and ultrastructural anatomy of the thyroid.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680106
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  • 17
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    Electronic Resource
    The origin of the trabeculated ventricular septum in the chick embryo as determined by radioautographic mapping (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The origin of the presumptive ventricular septum (PVS) in the chick embryo was traced by radioautographic analysis of the movements of tritiated thymidine-labeled grafts excised from medium streak (MS) to three somite (3S) stage embryos and transplanted to the primitive streak and endoderm-mesoderm layer of similarly staged recipient embryos. The migration of the PVS was traced from the streak into the heart of the early limb bud (ELB) stage embryos by combining the pathways of at least three labeled grafts, since none of the 15 embryos reported here developed all the way from the MS to the ELB stage.At the MS stage the PVS cells are in the primitive streak approximately halfway between the anterior and posterior ends of the streak. Beginning at the late medium streak (LMS) stage, they migrate into the mesoderm of the lateral plate, anterior and lateral to the streak; during the early somite stages they are folded to the midline as part of the splanchnic mesoderm, where they form part of the atrial and ventricular myocardium at the 13S stage; they move into their definitive position at the apex of the ventricle by the ELB stage.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680205
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  • 18
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    Extracellular specializations associated with hemidesmosomes in the fetal rat urogenital sinusThis study was supported by contract 69-2104 with the National Institutes of Health, Program Project HD-02282 of the National Institutes of Health, Health Sciences Advancement Award FR-02084 from the National Institutes of Health, and a Research Career Development Award (1-K3-GM-28, 214-01) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Specializations of extracellular structures opposite hemidesmosomes at the basal surface of epithelial cells of the fetal rat urogenital sinus are described. A moderately dense band or lamella ∼ 100 Å wide forms a cap about 50 Å from the plasma membrane. The normally electron-lucent inner zone between the plasma membrane and the basal lamina is increased in density and may be traversed by filaments or strands of material extending from the cell surface. The basal lamina is thickened and its density is increased locally opposite hemidesmosomes. The possible role of these specializations in adhesion between epithelial cells and the underlying extra-cellular structures is considered.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680206
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  • 19
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    Electronic Resource
    Phenobarbital-induced proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum after administration of triparanol (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 221-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of triparanol, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, on the phenobarbital induced proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is reported. Hepatocytes of hamsters treated with phenobarbital alone display the expected proliferation of the SER. Those given triparanol alone do not show this phenomenon but appear similar to controls with the exception of increased numbers of dense bodies characteristic of this treatment. Hepatocytes of hamsters receiving triparanol followed by phenobarbital display a SER proliferation of approximately the same magnitude as that achieved with phenobarbital alone. The effectiveness of the triparanol blockade is documented by the administration of labeled mevalonic acid and the subsequent quantitation of the amount of labeled cholesterol and labeled desmosterol. Desmosterol is the primary end product after triparanol treatment. Greater than 95% of the labeled sterol appears as desmosterol indicating a high degree of blockade. It is concluded that newly-synthesized cholesterol is not a prerequisite for the phenobarbital induced proliferation of the SER. Several possible explanations for these results are discussed.
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    Correlation of ovarian abnormalities in young golden hamsters with ovarian estrogens and progesterone (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A correlation between ovarian steroids and ovarian abnormalities is demonstrated. The decrease in levels of ovarian estrogen and progesterone is correlated, one week later, with an increase in polyovular follicles and then in multinucleate ova. The time sequence of the onset of ovarian abnormalities, as correlated with levels of estrogens and progesterone are an indication of the possibility of hormonal control of the ovarian abnormalities.
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    American Association of Anatomists. Proceedings of the American Association of Anatomists, eighty-third meeting, northwestern university school of medicine, March 31, April 1,2,3, 1970, with list of officers and members (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 237-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680210
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  • 22
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    Constitution (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 325-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680211
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  • 23
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    Erratum (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 329-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680212
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  • 24
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    The allantoic membrane of the rabbit: Evidence of a cholinergic electrical potentialThis investigation was supported by Health Sciences Advancement Award 5-S04-FR-06067 and Research grants 1-R01-NB-07441 and 5-R01-HD-00971 from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service.A preliminary report has been presented (Burt et al., '70). (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 453-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The electrical potential of the rabbit allantoic membrane is sensitive to acetylcholine, a sensitivity which can be altered or abolished by anticholinesterase compounds. Biochemical and histochemical studies indicates that acetylcholinesterase activity is present in the endodermal layer of the membrane. These findings suggest that the allantois may be a valuable model for investigations into the role of acetylcholinesterase in membrane excitability.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680309
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  • 25
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    Hair growth in skin grafts placed on hairless mice (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 457-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility that hair growth is triggered by the loss of a specific hair follicle inhibitor.If the loss of an inhibitor is a sufficient cue for the triggering of hair growth, then hair follicles in skin grafts placed on hairless mice should remain in the growth phase of the hair growth cycle, and never enter the resting phase. This would be expected because hairless skin has no hair follicles, and therefore presumably produces no hair follicle inhibitor itself. Thus, no build-up of a hair follicle inhibitor within the graft should occur.Female hairless mice (HRS/J) approximately 60 days of age received skin grafts from haired female litteremates. These skin grafts took well and remained healthy throughout the period of investigation, which ranged from 240-380 days.The hair follicles of the grafts undergo cycles of growth and rest. They may remain in the resting phase for as long as two to three months. Therefore, hair follicles of grafts placed on the backs of the hairless mice do not remain permanently in the growth phase of the hair cycle.Additional experiments help rule out the possibility that (1) the lack of continuous hair growth of the hair follicles in the grafts is due to the scar preventing the diffusion of inhibitors from the graft into the host skin, and (2) that the hair follicle remnants in the host hairless skin produce a hair follicle inhibitor in sufficient concentration so that the hair follicles of the graft enter the resting phase.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680401
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  • 26
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    Evidence for a structural relationship between sarcoplasmic reticulum and Z lines in dog papillary muscle (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 51-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron micrographs of dog papillary muscle fibers show the sarco-plasmic reticulum (SR) as an extensive three-dimensional network of diverging and converging tubules that is continuous throughout each sarcomere and in successive sarcomeres. The network surrounds each myofibril and is continuous across the fiber. Tubules of the SR network are oriented transversely and longitudinally. Interconnections of transversely and longitudinally oriented SR tubules form circular pathways in the network. A structural relationship appears to exist between the Z line and longitudinally and transversely oriented tubules of the SR network at their points of apposition with the Z line. A rather constant space approximately 100 Å wide is seen between SR tubules apposed at the Z line in cross-sections and in favorable longitudinal sections of fibrils. This space is traversed by electron-opaque strands which appear to be connections between SR tubules and the Z line. Other lines of evidence support the view that Z lines and SR tubules are connected. One of these is the change of position of Z line SR tubules in relation to the change of position of Z lines in adjacent fibrils. Another line of evidence is the continuity of SR apposed at the Z line and SR connected to the sarcolemma.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660105
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  • 27
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    Enzyme histochemistry of embryonic nasal mucosaPresented at the 135th Meeting, AAAS, Dallas, December 27, 1968 in a Symposium on Mucous Membranes and Their Secretions. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The prenatal development of rodent nasal mucous membrane has been examined histochemically (lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, PAS and PAS with diastase digestion). Localization and intensity of the enzyme systems studied were distinctly different in respiratory and olfactory areas. These differences were demonstrable by at least the second half of gestation in the animals studied. Findings in Jacobson's organs were parallel to those in olfactory areas. Each of the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism examined was present in respiratory epithelium. However, intensity was less, appeared later and was more variable in intracellular localization than that found in olfactory areas. Based on enzyme staining olfactory epithelium seemed metabolically more active than respiratory mucosa. Apical portions of olfactory epithelium stained most intensely for oxidative enzyme systems, particularly the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase system. These areas of high activity were thought to represent apices of supporting cells rather than receptor cells. This localization of a pentose phosphate shunt enzyme system was related speculatively to ion transport in these cells. Alkaline phosphatase was relatively slight in respiratory areas during the ages studied. The basal portions of olfactory epithelium stained positively for alkaline phosphatase. Since hydrolytic enzymes have been thought to be important in the mechanism of olfaction, its demonstration in these tissues suggests that this portion of the olfactory mechanism is present by midgestation in the rodents studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Extracellular space in frozen and ethanol substituted central nervous tissueThis investigation was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (GB 6698) and from the Barber Fund. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 117-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cerebellar and cerebral cortices were frozen under various conditions; within 30 seconds of circulatory arrest, after eight minutes of asphyxiation, after ten minutes of perfusion with glutaraldehyde and after perfusion with this fixative and osmium tetroxide postfixation. Ethanol was used as the solvent in freeze substitution of these tissues. The resulting EMs closely resembled those of similar material freeze substituted in acetone. There were no differences in extracellular space even though differences have been reported between the space in EMs of conventionally fixed material dehydrated with ethanol or acetone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660109
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    Leucocytic infiltration into the hypoglossal nucleus following injury to the hypoglossal nerveThis investigation was supported by PHS Research Grant No. FR 05427 and by the McLaughlin Faculty Fund for Preliminary Research. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 99-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tritiated thymidine was injected into adult female A/J mice at 24, 20, and 16 hours before transection of the left hypoglossal nerve. These animals and uninjured controls that received the same sequence of tritiated thymidine injections were sacrificed by perfusion fixation at either 4, 8, 16 or 35 days after the time of the injury. At all time intervals after injury there were several times more labeled cells in the nucleus of the injured nerve than were found in the right hypoglossal nucleus of the same animals. However, the right hypoglossal nucleus of the injured animals had significantly more labeled cells than were found in the hypoglossal nuclei of the uninjured control animals. Labeled mitotic figures were present in the nucleus of the injured nerve on the fourth day after injury. Since no tritiated thymidine should have been available at the time of injury or afterward to label cells that proliferated in response to the injury, the difference in the number of labeled cells between the injured animals and the controls is attributed to an infiltration of labeled mononuclear leucocytes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660108
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    Ultrastructure of cortical synapses after failure of presynaptic activity in ischemiaSupported in part by U.S.P.H.S. research grants NB-05429-03 and NB-08154-01 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke.,Presented at the American Association of Anatomists, 81st Annual Meeting, April 9-12, 1968, New Orleans. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 131-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of cerebral cortical synapses was investigated during failure of synaptic transmission produced by ischemia. Presynaptic and postsynaptic potentials evoked in the anterior sigmoid gyrus of the cat by stimulation of the nucleus ventralis lateralis and the DC potential between cortical layer IV and the white matter were recorded with micropipettes during cerebral ischemia produced by arterial hemorrhage in paralyzed, artificially ventilated animals. After failure of the spontaneous electrocorticogram and postsynaptic responses, the presynaptic volley failed with development of depolarization of intracortical fiber terminals and loss of axon terminal excitability. The gyrus was then biopsied and fixed in collidine-buffered OsO4. An altered pattern of distribution of synaptic vesicles was observed after presynaptic afferent fiber terminal activity was abolished by 3.5 to 4.0 minutes of cerebral ischemia. Clumping of vesicles in a region away from the cynaptic cleft was seen in about 10% of synaptic endings, and there was more than a two-fold increase in the number of presynaptic profiles devoid of vesicles in ischemic cortex.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660202
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    A comparative study of sebaceous gland ultrastructure in subhuman primates.Publication No. 404 from the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, supported in part by grant No. FR00163 of the National Institutes of Health and by funds from Grant AM 08445. Also supported in part by funds from the Revlon Research Center, Inc., New York. I. Galago crassicaudatus, G. senegalensis and G. demidovii (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 213-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The differentiating sebaceous cells in three species of galagos have different structural configurations of cytoplasmic membranes. The type unique to G. senegalensis consists of groups of six tubules, which intersect at common centers. The tubules of this configuration probably represent a specialized form of agranular endoplasmic reticulum. A second specialized form of agranular endoplasmic reticulum is found in all three species of galagos; this configuration consists of grids of intersecting tubules that are ∼400 Å in diameter. Individual tubules of agranular endoplasmic reticulum are also abundant in the cells.Another disposition of cytopalsmic membranes, found only in G. crassicaudatus, is significantly different from the others. In this structure, membranes intersect in three planes to form hexagrams. All of these configurations are closely associated with single, dispersed profiles of predominantly agranular endoplasmic reticulum and sebum vesicles.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660210
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    Tissue fluid movement in compact boneThis investigation was conducted at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado and was supported by USPHS grant DE 02308-03 and Research Career Award 1-K3 - DE 18-557-01 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thorotrast (colloidal thorium dioxide) was released into tibial marrow cavities of 12 adult cats and into the tibial nutrient arteries of ten adult cats. Following regular intervals the tibiae were removed, fixed, decalcified in formic acid, and prepared histologically.The label indicated the general tissue fluid drainage of the tibia is in the perivascular connective tissue of Volkmann's canals from the marrow cavity to the periosteal lymphatic vessels.The tissue fluid flow appears to pass from the Haversian vessel through the canalicular-lacunar complex to the peripheral lacunae of the osteone. Its path from this point has not been observed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660213
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    American Association of Anatomists. Eighty-third annual session. Northwestern University, Chicago, March 31, April 1, 2, 3, 1970. Officers, asbtracts, demonstrations (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 263-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660215
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    Observations on the ultrastructure of the ectodermal component during odontogenesis in Helostoma temmincki (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 167-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role played by the ectodermal component during lower vertebrate tooth development has been a subject of much speculation. In order to provide new information on this matter the cytostructural changes occuring in the ectodermal part of the tooth buds of a small fresh water fish Helostoma temmincki were investigated.The cells of the two epithelial layers which form the ectodermal cap of the tooth bud showed little sign of specialization during the early phase of tooth formation. There was no evidence of the synthesis and secretion of enamel matrix. With the onset of the calcification of the dentin specializations indicating an absorptive activity were observed in the cells of the outer epithelial layer. These changes consisted of an elaborate system of canalicular spaces and coated vesicles. Concurrently the cells of the inner layer accumulated large amounts of iron in the form of ferritin particles. The iron was subsequently deposited over the outer layer of the dentin imparting a reddish-brown coloration to the teeth.The ultrastructural specialization of the ectodermal component during tooth development are suggestive of transport functions similar to those which are thought to occur in post-secretory enamel organs during the maturation of enamel.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660206
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    Specialized intercellular junctions in tumor cells - An electron microscope study of mouse sarcoma cells (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Specialized intercellular junctions have been observed in 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mouse sarcomas. These junctions are of two morphologic types and appear to be focal in nature. The first type consists of an approximation of the plasma membranes of adjacent cells to within 200 Å of one another. In the junctional region the intercellular space and the adjacent cytoplasm are of increased density. The second type of junction is more complex, the intercellular space being of greater width and containing a dense central plaque. The intercellular space and the adjacent cytoplasm are of increased density. Such junctions may serve a role in structural support of the tumor mass.
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    Histology of the para-anal sebaceous glandular organs of the bat Eonycteris spelaea (Chiroptera: Pteropidae) (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 189-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Para-anal organs of nine specimens of the rare, Southeast Asian bat Eonycteris spelaea were studied in serial sections by light microscopy. Parenchymal tissue of the organs consists of solid cords of cells budded from the naked epidermis without association with hair follicles. Cytological characteristics and cytomorphosis of para-anal gland cells differ markedly from those of typical sebaceous glands in adjacent haired skin, and the phases of growth, differentiation and secretion appear to be segregated in time. Nevertheless, holocrine secretory activity and a sebum-like secretion occur in this highly specialized sebaceous organ. Although found in both sexes, it is larger in adults, in males as compared with females, and in reproductively more active males as compared with males of the same size but with smaller testes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660207
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    The histology and rate of tooth eruption with and without temporary impaction in the dogSupported by USPHS grant 1 SO 1 FR 5417-04-5. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 225-237 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eruption was studied by experimentally impacting and releasing permanent premolars in puppies. Eruption rates of both normal and experimentally delayed teeth were calculated from weekly radiographs. The rate of normal eruption is triphasic and similar to a normal growth curve. It has an initial slow exponential rate which changes to a more rapid exponential rate followed in turn by a terminal plateau. All of the teeth released from impaction erupted and their rates exceeded or equaled the normal rate.The morphology of the bony trabeculae beneath the erupting teeth and the relative amount of soft tissue between the bone and teeth are expressions of the eruptive rate. The trabeculae around rapidly erupting teeth are thinner, more delicate and more widely separated from one another than those of slowly erupting teeth. Trabecular orientation aligns with the direction of eruption, showing not only its vertical component, but also whether the tooth moved mesially or distally during eruption.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660211
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    Effect of fibrillar structure of pericanalicular and intercanalicular bone on X-ray absorptionThis work supported in part by grant A-2641 from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The apparent hypermineralization which is often seen adjacent to canaliculi (∼ 2000 Å) and dentinal tubules in microradiographs may be the result of a reversal in orientation of microcanaliculi (∼ 500 Å) and adjacent mineralized fibrils at these sites. Microcanaliculi and adjacent mineralized fibrils, as seen by electron microscopic surface replication, extended at right angles from canaliculi for a distance of about 1-2 μ. In contrast, beyond this zone microcanaliculi were also observed but were oriented at right angles to the microcanalculi that were closer to the canaliculi. Although the significance of the difference in orientation of microcanaliculi in pericanalicular as compared with intercanalicular regions is not known, we demonstrated that when a porous material is x-rayed parallel to and then at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the porous phase an apparent difference in density is observed. These findings suggest that the apparent hypermineralization of bone adjacent to canaliculi described in former investigations utilizing microradiography may be the result of a difference in orientation of microcanaliculi and adjacent mineralized fibrils rather than a true variation in mineral density.
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    American Association of Anatomists. Constitution (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 415-418 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660216
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    Embryonic vertebrate central nervous system: Revised terminology (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 257-261 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The layers and cells of the early developing central nervous system lack direct counterparts in the adult and must be designated by a special terminology. The inconsistent and inaccurate language now in use leads to misunderstanding and a revision is proposed in which the four fundamental zones are termed the ventricular, subventricular, intermediate, and marginal zones. Each is defined according to the form, behavior, and fate of its constituent cells. All neurons and macroglia of the central nervous system can be derived from these developmental zones.
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    Notes (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660217
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    Ultrastructural changes in articular chondrocytes of mice fed a lard-enriched dietThis investigation was aided by grant AM 4213 of the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 447-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Weanling male mice of strain C57B1. were fed a lard-enriched diet for periods of 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, or 28 days. Beginning during the second week of consumption of this ration, articular chondrocytes of the femoral heads were increased in number and size and showed ultrastructural changes. The latter manifested themselves in nuclear enlargement, intensification of organellar development and in acceleration of regression. There was no evidence of abnormal deposition of lipid material within the chondrocytes beyond that due to organellar disintegration. It was concluded that the early effects of a lard-enriched diet on articular cartilage consist of an overall stimulation of cell function followed by premature exhaustion. The primary site of action of the dietary fat remains unknown.
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    Influence of body weight, age, diet and sex on fat depots in ratsPublished as Paper 4606 from the Michigan Agriculture Experiment Station. Supported in part by a U. S. Public Health Service grant AM 08496 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 437-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Weanling male and female littermate Osborne Mendel rats were randomly separated into two groups. The control group was fed a grain ration. The second group was fed a high fat ration which ultimately produced obesity. Male and female rats were killed at weaning (body weight, 50-60 gm). Thereafter rats from both diet groups were killed after an initial weight gain of about 100 gm and subsequent gains of about 150 gm. The inguinal, forelimb (axillary), interscapular perirenal, genital, xiphoid, and mesenteric and omental fat depots were removed, weighed, and weights recorded. Fat depots usually increased in weight more rapidly than overall body weight. This was typical of younger rats from both diet groups, but more pronounced in rats fed the high fat ration. The perirenal depots increased in weight more rapidly than body weight throughout the 450+ days of the study. In both sexes and diet groups, from weaning through sexual maturity, the weight of the genital fat depots increased proportionately more rapidly than body weight. Thereafter, the weight gain more nearly paralleled the body weight gain. In both diet groups, with the exception of the interscapular depot, the subcutaneous depots increased rapidly in weight during the first 100 days of life. The weight gain of these depots maintained a close relationship to body weight gain after 100 days of age. The interscapular depot in obese females increased at a very rapid rate as the animals approached 900 gm of body weight.
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    Profile analysis of the oviductal wall in rabbits and cattleThis investigation was supported in part by United States Public Health Service Research grant HD 00585 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Banta Research Fund. Scientific Paper 3299. College of Agriculture, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington. Projects 1695 and 1698. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 469-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twelve nulliparous New Zealand White female rabbits, and eight nulliparous Hereford heifers were used for profile analysis of the oviductal layers after in vivo and in vitro fixation of the oviducts. The unstraightened oviducts were cut into eight segments of about 1 cm starting from the uterotubal junction. Using a projection microscope, the areas of the lumen, mucosa + submucosa, and musculature of cross sections from each segment were measured planimetrically. The lumen of segments 5 and 6 (from the fimbriae) had the smallest surface area at all reproductive stages in both species. At about 72 and 168 hours after ovulation, the surface area of the lumen at these two segments increased by two-fold compared to the estrous stage. The ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ) is probably located at 6/10 to 7/10 of the oviductal length (segment 5 or 6) in both species. The widening of the lumen at the AIJ, 60-70 hours post ovulation, is sufficient to allow the trapped eggs to pass rapidly to the uterus. The whole isthmus and particularly the AIJ seems to function as a sphincter, the closure of which may be coordinated by neuro-endocrine mechanisms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660305
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    Effects of ACTH on membranous whorls in the adrenal gland of the Mongolian gerbilA portion of this investigation was submitted as a doctoral dissertation to the Biology Department of Clark University and was supported in part by a predoctoral Public Health Service Fellowship (1-F1-FM-32, 961-01) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. The studies were completed in the Pathology Department, State University of New York at Buffalo and supported by the U.S.P.H.S. Research grant HE 06975 from the National Heart Institute. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 479-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of whorls of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the adrenal gland of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) was examined during and after treatment with ACTH. Whorls were loosely wound after treatment for one day and consisted of only a few paired membranes. Focal areas of increased tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum were seen throughout the cytoplasm of the cells. Whorls disappeared altogether after three days of ACTH treatment. The structures reappeared one day after stopping the ACTH injections and seemed to enlarge progressively by addition of membranes to the periphery of the structures. Numerous vesicles and sometimes parallel cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the cytoplasm of adrenocortical cells containing newly forming whorls. The whorls apparently serve as a readily available reserve of rough endoplasmic reticulum, which can transform into smooth reticulum upon stimulation with ACTH.
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660401
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    In vitro differentiation of tooth rudiments of embryonic mice. II. Growth of isolated thirds of embryonic mouse incisorsThis investigation was supported by PHS Research grants DE-01894 and DE-02863 from the National Institute for Dental Research. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 517-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mandibular incisor of the 16 day embryonic mouse was divided into three visibly equal thirds; each third was explanted in vitro to test its capabilities for independent development. Ameloblasts and odontoblasts, present in the distal third at the time of isolation, fail to continue their differentiation. This third flattens, and the tissues become disorganized. Grouping several distal thirds in a single culture did not promote tissue differentiation. The embryonic proximal third remains cohesive The tissues differentiate; both ameloblasts and odontoblasts deposit extracellular matrix. Approximately half of the cultures of the intermediate third show differentiated odontoblasts and extracellular matrix after 11 culture days. Measurements of the volume changes of ameloblasts, odontoblasts, and general mesenchyme were taken over the first six culture days for each third of the rudiment. The volume changes recorded, and the counts of mitotic figures reflect the developmental behavior of each fraction of the rudiment.
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    Special structural features of the rat portal veinSupported by grant 05654 of the National Institutes of Health of the United States Public Health Service. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 529-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Unlike other rat veins of comparable diameter, the smooth muscle cells of the extrahepatic segment of the portal vein are arranged in two distinct mutually perpendicular layers. The relatively narrow inner layer is nearly circumferential and devoid of vasa vasorum; the cells resemble those seen in other veins. In the longitudinal outer layer, vasa are abundant and the cells contain unusual numbers of mitochondria and abundant pinocytotic vesicles, indicating relatively increased metabolic activity. Between the layers, the connective tissue contains nerve fibers, suggesting coordinated reflex activity.
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    Morphology and histochemistry of the oviduct and egg-jelly layers in the frog, Rana pipiens (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 541-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Morphologically the oviduct of the frog, Rana pipiens, consists of a lining epithelium and tubular jelly-secreting glands. The oviduct can be divided into six regions (designated R1 anteriorly - R6 posteriorly) based on the differential staining of the jelly glands. The regions measured 1, 5, 6, 3, 20 and 3 cm, respectively. These regions correspond to 6 histochemically distinct layers of jelly (designated J1 nearest the egg through J6 farthest from the egg) which are deposited around the egg during the egg's sojourn in the oviduct. A correlation between lengths of each oviducal region and thickness of individual jelly layers was observed. That is, J5 is the thickest, followed by J3, 2, 6, 4 and J1 which is thinnest.Histochemical properties of jelly glands and corresponding jelly layers were essentially the same in the tests performed. All regions and layers except R5 and J5 contain a large amount of acid mucopolysaccharide and the mucopolysaccharide in R and J1, 3 and 4 is sulfated. Neutral mucopolysaccharide is present in R2, J2, R5 and J5. Although protein is present in all layers and oviducal regions it was found in higher concentration in R and J1, 3 and 6 and in lowest concentration in R and J2.
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    Alterations in the morphology of rat liver cells influenced by insulin (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 575-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The electron microscopic observations of liver cells from normal, fasted, diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic rats were compared. The most striking electron microscopic features were the sparsity of glycogen particles in fasted and diabetic rat liver cells and the diminution in lamellar formations of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the diabetic animals. Forty-one hours of insulin treatment of diabetic rats restored the appearance of liver cell structure to normal. These variations in liver cell fine structure were correlated with circulating insulin levels and previously reported enzyme activities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660404
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    Determination of growth rates by tetracycline-labelling in guinea pig maxillasThis investigation was supported in part by a research grant from the Graduate College, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 569-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A surface planimeter was used to assess tetracycline-labelled areas of undecalcified sections of the maxillas of 16 male guinea pigs. In three different molar regions studied, highest values were found in the last-molar region, followed by the first-molar and second-molar region. In the 32-42 day old animals the values in the incisal region were higher than in the first-and-second-molar region, but lower than in the last-molar region. In the age groups of 47-57 and 62-67 days, proportions of labelled bone in the incisal regions were lower than those found in the first-molar and last-molar regions, but approached the level of those found in the second-molar region. There were statistically significant age-associated differences and varying amounts of labelled bone in different areas.
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    Fibrinoid and the fetal-maternal interface of the rat placenta (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 587-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fetal-maternal interfaces of rat placentas, obtained from midgestation to term, were examined for their content of electron-dense fibrinoid. Although increased amounts of interfacial fibrinoid were noted as the time of parturition was approached, at no time did fibrinoid form an intact, electron-dense barrier between the fetal trophoblast giant cells and the maternal decidual cells of the definitive rat placenta. Large areas of apparently viable fetal trophoblast and viable maternal decidua were intimately juxtaposed throughout the latter half of pregnancy. It is concluded that a poorly discontinuous layer of fibrinoid cannot serve as an effective barrier to a proposed flow of transplantation antigens from the fetoplacental unit to the maternal host.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660405
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    Identification of the corticotropin cell in rat hypophyses with peroxidase-labeled antibodySupported in part by USPHS research grants HD 03159-01Al and HD 02193, and a grant from the University of Michigan Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 557-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Utilization of peroxidase-labeled antibody to porcine corticotropin permitted the delineation of a distinctive cell in the hypophyseal pars distalis of the rat that appears to be the source of corticotropin. Corticotropin cells were stellate and possessed processes that ended on the walls of sinusoids. Corticotropin cells composed a small percentage of the total cell population, and were distributed throughout the gland except that they were less common posteriorly, superiorly, and immediately alongside the pars intermedia. Alteration in size of corticotropin cells was related directly to change in corticotropin content of the gland as effected by differing physiological conditions. Thus, they were larger in the female than in the male and were enlarged after adrenalectomy of the male; they became much smaller following treatment of the female with cortisol. Some corticotropin cells stained with aldehyde fuchsin and the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. These reactions were more intense if hormone antibody and the gamma-globulin conjugate had been applied previously. However, the capacity of some corticotropin cells to stain weakly with PAS without prior application of antibody suggests that they may contain mucoprotein.
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    Development of peribiliary dense bodies in embryonic rat (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 635-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The formation of peribiliary dense bodies in developing rat liver was studied by electron microscopy. Dense bodies arise in close conjunction with an extensive Golgi apparatus which displays acid phosphatase, inosine diphosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase activity throughout development. The position of these enzymes within the Golgi apparatus appears somewhat variable. Dense bodies are present by the thirteenth day of development and gradually increase in number. They show acid phosphatase activity from their earliest appearance. These findings demonstrate that: (1) peribiliary dense bodies are lysosomal from their earliest appearance; (2) they apparently arise directly from a well-developed Golgi apparatus; and (3) the Golgi apparatus contains several enzymes simultaneously, suggesting that it becomes multifunctional at an early stage of development.
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670101
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    Intercellular bridges between germ cells in the developing ovary of the tadpole, Rana pipiens (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ovaries obtained from the tadpole, Rana pipiens, and examined with the electron microscope revealed that many of the developing germ cells were joined together by intercellular bridges. All connections exhibited electron-dense material on the inner surface of the plasma membrane, thus demonstrating the same basic structure as intercellular bridges described in other species. However, the presence of a sleeve-like subsurface cistern beneath the dense border in the tadpole produces a morphologically more complex connection. A variety of cytoplasmic organelles, including mitochondria and elements of the endoplasmic reticulum, were seen within the confines of these bridges. Possible functions of intercellular bridges are discussed and it is suggested that certain developing germ cells function as nurse cells like those described in some invertebrates.
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    Hypothalamic-hypophysial adrenal and thyroid systems: Observations in fetal rats subjected to hypothalamic destruction, brain compression and hypervitaminosis A (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 659-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Regulation by fetal hypothalamus of adrenocorticotrophic and thyrotrophic function of the fetal anterior hypophysis in the rat was studied by: (1) destruction of the fetal hypothalamic area with an electrocoagulator, (2) compression of the fetal brain by injected paraffin into the fetal skull and (3) induction of fetal exencephaly by hypervitaminosis A in the mother.The body weight of fetuses in which the hypothalamus was damaged was significantly less than that of littermate controls. Volume of the anterior hypophysis was small in fetuses injected with paraffin. The anterior hypophyses were present in all exencephalies, and showed abnormal forms but no reduction in volume. The adrenals were very small in all fetuses in which the hypothalamus was damaged, accompanied by conspicuous shrinkage of cortical cells, while the thyroids were not changed in volume. The height of the follicular cells decreased slightly.The observations suggest that in the late period of fetal life in rats, the hypophysial-adrenal system is regulated largely by the hypothalamus, but that the hypophysial-thyroid system is not fully under the control of the hypothalamus.
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    Cytomorphometric and biochemical differences between the muscle cells in atria and ventricles of the guinea pig heart (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Differences in succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activity and also in the Qo2 for a medium containing pyruvate, glutamate, fumarate and glucose (equimolar) were found using histochemical and manometrical methods, when muscle cells of the atria and the ventricles in the guinea pig heart were compared. Most of the activity values were higher in the ventricles than in the atria. According to cytomorphometric measurements, these differences can be explained by differences in the mitochondrial volume (per unit volume of cytoplasm) rather than by a different ultrastructural organization of the individual mitochondria, since they show the same stereological organization in both the atria and the ventricles. The reduced mitochondrial volume in the atria results in a lower density of “oxidative” (i.e., inner mitochondrial) membranes per unit volume of cytoplasm.
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    Autonomic innervation in rabbit salivary glandsThis work was in part supported by: PHS-5-TOIGM00643, PHS-DE-02201 and PHS-DE-2636, and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Anatomy in the Graduate College, University of Illinois at the Medical Center, Chicago. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 87-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Autonomic innervation of rabbit salivary glands was demonstrated by modifications of the methods of Falck for catecholamines and Koelle for the localization of cholinesterase activity. To avoid and diminish artifacts, tissues were rapidly frozen, cut in a cryostat, and freeze-dried under vacuum. Catecholamine fluorescence and cholinesterase activity were found in the serous parotid and the mainly mucous submandibular gland, strongly indicating that both glands are innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. In the parotid gland, the sympathetic ground plexus apparently forms a denser network than that seen in the submandibular gland. Catecholamine fluorescence, indicating sympathetic nerves, is found to be closely related to most acini, blood vessels of both glands, and some ducts of the submandibular gland. Cholinesterase activity, signaling the presence of parasympathetic fibers, was observed around many acini, ducts, and some blood vessels of both glands. A theory is presented that the autonomic innervation of salivary glands influences the state of intracellular colloids, water, and electrolytes during secretion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670109
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670201
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    Age criteria for the prenatal and immature mongoose in HawaiiSupported in part by Public Health Service grant AI-02886 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, C. M. Wheeler, Principal Investigator. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Anatomical age markers are established in the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) for embyronic, fetal, nestling and juvenile stages. Embryos and fetuses excised from living pregnant females and placed on a time scale of 49 days, the known gestation period, indicate that implantation is at approximately eight to ten days after insemination and that the transition from embryo to fetus occurs at about 14 to 28 days. The sequence of stages grossly discernible in prenatal development is highly similar to that in other mammals. Age in laboratory-reared pups was correlated with a regular sequence of tooth eruption and replacement. The full set of permanent teeth is present at the age of 22 weeks. M3 was found in 2.8% of 142 adult skulls examined. Prominent reductions occur in the slope of the growth curve during early fetal stages, and at birth, weaning and independence from the mother.
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    Development of adrenergic innervation in the puppy kidneySupported by grants from the American Heart Association (65-G-65 and 66-633), USPHS Training grant HE 05680 and Career Development Award K3-HE 15,457. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 115-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The development of the adrenergic innervation of the puppy kidney from birth to two months of age was studied with the fluorescence histochemical method of Falck and Hillarp in conjunction with chemical analyses for catechol-amines in the cortex and medulla of the kidney. At birth adrenergic fibers were found entering the kidney with the renal arteries and following the arterial supply into the inner cortex. In this area the fibers were found in association with the interlobular arteries and afferent arterioles. Fibers were also seen in the neogenic zone of the cortex until the fourteenth day after birth when this area disappeared. From the fourteenth to fifty-sixth day the adrenergic fibers were found extending to the interlobular arteries and afferent arterioles of the developing cortex. The levels of norepinephrine measured in the cortex during the first two months after birth reflected the increasing number of adrenergic nerves. In the medulla vasa recta were present at birth; norepinephrine and fluorescent fibers, however, were not found until 21 days. At this time nerves were found emerging in bundles from the arcuate connective tissue sheath and joining the vasa recta in the outer medulla. At subsequent ages the number of fibers in each bundle and the norepinephrine levels increased.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    An ultrastructural study of smooth muscle-like cells in the theca externa of ovarian follicles in the rat (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 127-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cells of the theca externa of large, antral ovarian follicles in the rat were studied by electron microscopy. Many resembled fibroblasts, while others possessed cytoplasmic filaments and dense bodies characteristic of smooth muscle cells. Filament-containing cells of intermediate structure appeared to represent transitional forms between the two previous types.Small numbers of smooth muscle-like cells were found also around small antral follicles, and many corpora lutea possessed locally well-defined coats of smooth muscle.These observations indicate that cells with a probable contractile function are present in the theca externa of ovarian follicles in the rat. These cells may play a role in the process of ovulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670202
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    The distribution of acetylcholinesterase and catecholamine containing nerves in the rat lungSupported by the Council for Tobacco Research, U.S.A. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of catecholamine and acetylcholinesterase containing nerve fibers in the rat lung was studied employing specific histochemical techniques. Silver impregnation and methylene blue staining was used to allow comparison with the results of previous workers. Catecholamine containing nerve fibers were found associated with the nerve plexus about bronchial arteries and were carried to the bronchial wall and the pulmonary vessel wall along branches of the artery. Acetylcholinesterase containing fibers followed along the bronchi and bronchioles and were found in the adventitia, mucosa and submucosa, Acetylcholinesterase containing nerves were not found in the perivascular plexi with the exception of a few positive nerve fibers within the larger pulmonary veins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670208
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    Morphologic changes in white and brown adipose tissue by insulin, thyroxin and cortisol in organ cultureThis project was supported in part by N.I.H. grant HD-00142. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 213-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to compare the morphologic response of white and brown fat to various hormones in vitro the technique of organ culture was used in this study. Explants of white and brown fat from young mice fasted for 48 hours were exposed to culture media supplemented with insulin, thyroxin or cortisol. Morphologic changes due to these hormones were studied by means of histologic analyses and cell width measurements. Insulin acted to increase the size of cells and intracellular lipid content of brown and white fat explants when compared to similar explants exposed to unsupplemented media. Brown fat explants reacted earlier than white fat in this case. Thyroxin or cortisol alone had no influence on cell width or intracellular lipid content of these tissues. With the combination of insulin and thyroxin only white fat cells showed a greater increase in lipid deposition than that seen with insulin alone. No significant changes were noted when the combination of insulin and cortisol, or when all three hormones were added to the culture medium compared to that seen with insulin alone. The conclusion reached confirms those of other authors that brown and white fat possess enough dissimilarities to be classified as two different types of tissue.
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    The reproductive organs of the male spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 291-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A relatively well developed prostrate is the only accessory sex gland present in the spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius). The distal end of the vas deferens is quite glandular, but there is no distinct ampullary swelling. The gross morphology of this species is compared with that of several other members of the family Mustelidae.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670304
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    On the occurrence of microtubules within mature astrocytes (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Microtubules have been described to occur frequently within the subpial fibrous astrocytes of the adult spinal cord of three species. This finding is related directly to perfusion fixation by glutaraldehyde. Immersion fixation produced no or fewer tubules in this area. It is suggested that the presence of microtubules in these cells might reflect a specific skeletal function. Astrocytes from other locations within the central nervous system displayed fewer microtubules within their cytoplasm.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670305
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    The carotid body of the weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli)This paper was supported by a grant 491 g of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Téchnicas de la República Argentina; Mactur 1 B of the inisterio de Bienestar Social de la Provincia de Buenos Aires and Boehringer C. H. Sohn Laboratories. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 309-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Light and electron microscopy of the carotid body of the Weddell seal shows two types of cells, the main and the sustentacular cells.The main cells contain dense osmiophilic granules in variable amount. Their cytoplasma shows either a high or a low electron density. On this basis light and dark main cells were distinguished.The differences in cytoplasm electron density and the great variability in the number of granules were interpreted as expressions of different stages in a process of secretory nature.A very rich innervation with outstanding nerve endings was observed in the carotid body of the Weddell seal. This picture is similar to that observed in stimulated carotid bodies. The carotid body of the Weddell seal a marine mammal that stays underwater for a long stretch of time, may be considered as subjected to frequent stimulations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670306
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    The effect of aging on damage induced hair growth in C57BL/6J female mice (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 371-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previously it has been shown that wounds made on the backs of female C57BL/6J mice result in the stimulation of growth of resting hair follicles surrounding the wound. Since aging is known to affect regenerative processes, the question arises if aging affects the stimulation of hair growth in wound healing.Surgical wounds 5mm in length were made on the backs of female C57BL/6J mice between 367-544 days of age. Mice were examined daily for the stimulation of hair growth around the wound, as well as the amount of hair growth stimulation.Damage results in the stimulation of growth of the resting hair follicles surrounding the wound. Hair growth stimulation is first grossly evident 20 days after wounding. This is not significantly different from the time hair growth stimulation appears in young female mice.Aging results, however, in a significant decrease in the amount of hair growth stimulation surrounding the wounds in female mice.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670309
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    The fine structure of the terminal branches of the hepatic arterial system of the ratSupported by a grant from the Faculty Research Fund, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, The University of Michigan. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 329-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the smallest branches of the hepatic arterial system of the rat was studied with the light and electron microscope by means of alternate thick and thin serial sections.The terminal arborizations of the hepatic artery closely follow the pattern of the portal vein and give rise to a dense network of capillaries in the periportal connective tissue which closely surrounds the bile ducts. These periductal capillaries end by joining (a) interlobular veins, (b) terminal distributing veins, (c) sinusoids directly or, (d) sinusoids in common with branches of the portal vein. The capillaries arising from larger arterioles have well developed precapillary sphincters at their origins, while those arising from terminal arterioles have less prominent smooth muscle cuffs. There are no smooth muscle sphincters at the terminal ends of the capillaries where they join branches of the portal vein or sinusoids. Large endothelial cells usually guard these junctions and frequently their nuclei bulge into the lumens of the vessels and may close them off. Occasionally unmyelinated nerves with vesicles about 500 Å in diameter, some of which are granulated, are in close proximity to the endothelial cells of the capillaries. Endothelial cells also guard the beginnings of sinusoids originating from the portal vein. The sinusoids arising from periductal capillaries are identical in structure to those directly off from the portal vein. Initially the sinusoids from both types of vessels are like capillaries, with a continuous basement membrane around them and an unfenestrated endothelium. A short distance into the parenchyma they lose their basement membrane, become fenestrated and are typical sinusoids.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670307
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670401
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    Plasmacytopoiesis in the pronephros of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 351-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A light and electron microscopy study of the structure of the pronephros of the carp, Cyprinus carpio, revealed lymphocytopoiesis, plasmacytopoiesis and erythrocytopoiesis. In addition to the lymphocytes of various sizes, there were transitional cells which had characteristics of both lymphocytes and plasma cells. Some of the plasmacytoid cells had a configuration of cytoplasmic granules suggestive of the Russell body formation described in higher mammalian forms. When India ink particles were injected into the fish intraperitoneally, macrophages containing this marker could be found in the pronephros. The highly vascular structure of this organ emphasized the close association of the cellular elements with the circulating blood. In view of the cell population of the pronephros and its role as a major source of cells producing antibody, it may well represent a primitive prototype of the more advanced mammalian lymph node.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670308
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    Axon caliber related to neurofilaments and microtubules in sciatic nerve fibers of rats and miceSupported by Public Health grants NB 06239 and NB 03021 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 379-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The number of neurofilaments and microtubules present in nerve fibers was determined for sciatic nerves from adult mice and from rats of three different ages. More microtubules than neurofilaments were found in nonmyelinated fibers; the ratio of tubules/filaments was reversed in myelinated fibers and was found to change with axon caliber independent of the presence of a myelin sheath. A series of regression analyses indicated that axon caliber correlates best with the sum of the number of neurofilaments and microtubules per fiber. This correlation was only slightly better than that for neurofilaments alone. Axon caliber also correlated better with the filament-tubular material than with the thickness of the myelin sheath. The results were similar for both rats and mice, and age differences were not apparent in the samples of nerves analyzed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670402
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    Morphology of alveolar lining layerThis work is supported by a grant from The National Institute of Health, U.S. Public Health Service, HD-02459 and by a grant-in-aid of The New York Heart Association. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 389-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The extracellular alveolar lining layer (ALL), composed of both surface film and hypophase, is described under different conditions and fixatives.With primary osmium fixation of small blocks the ALL is not preserved. Lamellar and homogeneous osmiophilic bodies are scattered at random within alveoli. Occasionally the surface film remains within an alveolus but the hypophase is not seen. Poor preservation of the ALL is thought to be due to the limited ability of osmium to cross link proteins and to the mechanical deformation of the alveoli which inevitably accompanies the cutting of fresh lung into small blocks. This leads to the escape of alveolar air and a loss of the air-liquid interface.With primary glutaraldehyde fixation of the whole lung, the ALL is well preserved in many alveoli. The hypophase is mostly homogeneous but occasionally contains osmiophilic bodies and lattices. There are no lamellar and homogeneous osmiophilic bodies within the air space of the alveoli when the ALL is preserved, which suggests that primary osmium fixation of tissue leads to the dislodgement of these osmiophilic bodies from the hypophase.The electron densities of the surface film, the hypophase and the capillary fluid are alike in a given preparation but vary considerably with the concentration of the glutaraldehyde solution and the buffer vehicles used. It is pointed out that in phosphate-buffered preparations the hypophase, the basement membrane and the capillary fluid are highly electron-dense which makes difficult the localization of an electrondense tracers.
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    The cell population in pancreatic islets of amphisbaenidae  -  a light and electron microscopic studyThis research was supported in part by United States Public Health Service Research grant AM-11407. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 401-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A diversity of cell types have been found in the pancreatic islets of three species of Amphisbaenidae in a light and electron microscopic investigation. The A cells have been characterized as having phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin and orange G positive secretory granules which are electron opaque and 450-500 mμ, in diameter. The B cells possess aldehyde fuchsin reactive granules which are slightly larger than A granules, approximately 550 mμ, and have a variety of profiles in the electron microscope. The D cells are characterized as being fast green positive and argyrophilic in the light microscope, and in the electron microscope have small, 200-300 mμ, secretory granules with a core of moderate electron opacity. In D cells the Golgi apparatus is more highly developed than in A or B cells. Bipes islets contain a presumptive fourth cell type possessing large secretory granules with irregular profiles and focal internal densities. An additional cell type, found in Amphisbaena manni and Bipes, has small, electron opaque granules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670404
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    A histochemical and fine structural study of early extracellular connective tissue in the chick embryoAided by a grant from the North Dakota Heart Association. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 425-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The histochemistry of developing connective tissues and its relation to early connective tissue fibrils was investigated in the perinotochordal area of the chick embryo. Chick embryos were sacrificed at one, two, three, four, six and ten days of incubation and were prepared for both light and electron microscopy. Five histochemical stains (PAS, alcian blue, Hale colloidal iron, metachromatic toluidine blue, methenamine silver) were used to demonstrate polysaccharides, mucoproteins and mucopolysaccharides. Mature connective tissue elements were demonstrated by Mallory's connective tissue stain and Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin stain. Routine electron microscopic techniques served to demonstrate extracellular connective tissue fibrils.The first positive response for all histochemical stains occurs on the third day of incubation. Moderate microfibrillar growth precedes this by one day. Light microscopic staining patterns differ from electron microscopic fibrillar arrangements. In the perinotochordal area microfibrils later contribute to the cartilaginous model of the future vertebral body. By the sixth day, dense microfibrillar concentrations appear in the precartilage area where acid mucopolysaccharides are intensely concentrated. Staining for mature connective tissue fibrils does not occur until the tenth day.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670405
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    Fine structural study of rat molar cementum (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 439-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In cementum of rat molars, the cementoblasts were found to differ from pre-cementoblasts in having an increased granular endoplasmic reticulum, greater number of polyribosomes and denser material in the cisternae of granular E. R. as well as in the general cytoplasm. The cementocytes with maturation showed a gradual decrease in the size of the Golgi complex and the granular endoplasmic reticulum. On the other hand, an increase in the number of lysosomes was observed. Parallel with these intracellular changes, the pericullular space became irregular in width, its fibrillar material became replaced by a flocculent material. Ocasionally, structurally different matrix was seen. At the cemento-dentinal junction the cementocytes showed degenerative changes indicative of degeneration and death. The epithelial cells, remnants of Hertwig's root-sheath, some of which get enclosed in the cementum, accumulated filamentous material as well as spheres of amorphous substance. These cells eventually degenerated, leaving their debris in the lacunae. The degeneration of epithelial cells did not seem to affect the cementum matrix in their immediate vicinity. Some collagen fibrils of the cementum, seemed to differ structurally from those of the periodontal membrane. Thin fibrils, about 160 Å in diameter, were also observed in the cementum.
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    Fine structure of the epithelial dental organ in the frog during early odontogenesisThis investigation was supported in part by USPHS research grant DE 02201-03 and USPHS-GRSG-FR 5309. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 79-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A total of 227 tooth germs in different developmental stages were dissected from the maxillae of 58 leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Five fixatives and three buffers were used and optimum preservation of the odontogenic epithelium was observed in specimens fixed in cold 4% glutaraldehyde at pH 7.3 for three hours followed by 1% osmium tetroxide for one hour. The inner dental epithelium showed mitotic figures limited to the initial stage of odontogenesis. The cells contained numerous free ribosomes, tonofilaments, few mitochondria and sporadic cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. Their distal portions were drawn into processes studded with numerous hemidesmosomes. At a later stage of development yet prior to amelogenesis, these processes disappeared. The preameloblasts followed two pathways of histodifferentiation depending on their location. Ventrolabially the columnar cells exhibited progressive differentiation in contrast to the cuboidal cells on the ventrolingual surfaces of the cusps.The external dental epithelial cells were flattened, closely packed and connected by numerous desmosomes. Their cytoplasm contained mainly mitochondria and tonofilaments, as well as few Golgi vesicles. With the beginning of amelogenesis large intercellular spaces and lysosomal-like bodies were frequently observed and the Golgi complex is more prominent.We concluded that at early odontogenesis the epithelio-mesodermal interaction in the frog's dental organ is similar to that of mammalian species but the frog's internal epithelium shows a different pattern of histodifferentiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680107
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    The prenatal development of the mouse eyeSupported by grant U-1508 from the Health Research Council of the City of New York. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 105-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The development of the eye has been studied in mouse embryos from the ninth day through the nineteenth day of gestation. The tissue was fixed in aldehydes, post-osmicated and embedded in Epon. The entire eye was sectioned and studied under the light microscope. The development of the eye in the prenatal period is described as having seven stages. In the first stage, the close contact of the optic vesicle with the surface ectoderm is observed. The retinal disc and lens placode begins to form. The second stage shows the invagination of the optic vesicle and the contraction of the margin of the lens pit. In the third stage, the optic cup differentiates into an outer pigment epithelium and an inner retinal layer. The cells of the posterior lens wall start to elongate. During the fourth stage, the cavity of the lens vesicle is completely obliterated by primary lens fibers and the inner neuroblastic layer of the retina is formed with nerve fibers being traced from its cells to the optic stalk. The fifth stage is dominated by the appearance of lids, cornea and optic nerve, the formation of the anterior chamber and the consolidation of the intraocular portion of the embryonic vascular system. In the sixth stage, the eyelids fuse and the anterior margin of the optic cup begins to grow actively. In the last prenatal stage, the third neuron layer of the retina begins to differentiate. The iris and the folds of the ciliary body can be detected.
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    Changes in neurochemistry and neuronal morphology after exposure of the mouse brain to lethal levels of focal irradiationSupported by Public Health grants NB-03853 and NB-03021 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke. Part of this work was performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 203-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The brains of normal and irradiated C57BL/J6 adult female mice were studied for morphologic and biochemical differences at four and six hours after focal brain irradiation when the animals first experienced seizures and, at the terminal phase just prior to death. Focal irradiation of the brain was performed under stereotaxic conditions with microbeams delivered through a 5.0 × 9.0 mm aperture to the dorsal surface of the brain at an adsorbed surface dose of 50,000 rad.An analysis of variance did not indicate any difference in brain weight or in DNA, RNA, or protein concentration due to irradiation. There was a significant increase in 5-HT and NE concentration, and in AChE activity in the brains of the irradiated groups. Histochemical observations failed to show differences in the localization of alkaline and acid phosphatase activity. However, localization of ATPase activity associated with the blood vessels was more diffuse in the irradiated regions of the brain. Biochemical comparisons of ATPase activity indicated that there was a change in the subcellular distribution of ATPase enzyme following irradiation. Light and electron microscopic comparisons revealed a selective damage to astrocytes and dendritic processes in irradiated regions of the cortex.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680207
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    Fine structure of scale development in the teleost, Brachydanio rerio (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 361-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mature and embryonic scales of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, were examined by light and electron microscopy. Each scale consists of a mineralized “osseous layer” superficially and a deeper, non-mineralized, “fibrillary plate.” The mineralizing matrix contains randomly oriented filaments in decalcified sections, whereas the fibrillary plate is composed of orthogonally arranged lamellae of banded collagen fibrils embedded in electron dense material.Scale papillae and small scales first appear in the midbody region of fry between 0.95 and 1.14 cm long. The matrix of the osseous layer is produced prior to the fibrils of the fibrillary plate. Foci of mineral deposition appear in this matrix soon after its production, and increase gradually in number and extent. Cells surrounding the periphery of the scale are continuous with two layers of cells beneath the inner surface and with two layers extending a variable distance over the superficial surface. These “scale-associated” cells are separated from the dermal collagen by other investing cell processes. The probable roles of these cells in scale formation are discussed and the need for further investigation of the fish scale as a mineralizing system is stressed.
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    Intracristal helices in salivary gland mitochondria (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 565-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Helical filaments have been found within dilated intracristal spaces of normal rat salivary gland mitochondria. Filament diameter measured 35-45 Å, and the helix diameter and pitch were 140-155 Å. They were found in as many as 25% of the mitochondria of acinar and intercalated duct cells. Helices were not found in mitochondria of the striated duct cells.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680408
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    Tissue cholesterol preservation: Solubility of cholesterol digitonide in ethanolSupported in part by U.S.P.H.S. grant 5 R01 AM 90432-06 and 5 R01 CA 10239-04. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 569-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The solubility of purified cholesterol digitonide in absolute and aqueous ethanols was investigated. The results indicate that preservation of cholesterol (or other 3-B-hydroxysterols) in tissues prepared for electron and light microscopy by digitonin-containing fixatives may not be quantitative when ethanol and, in particular, absolute ethanol, is used for dehydration.
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    The non-fibrous nature of the von Korff fibres in developing dentine. A light and electron microscope studyThis investigation was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada, grant MA 3693. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 491-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: First molar tooth germs were dissected from one- and seven-day-old mice, fixed in gluteraldehyde and impregnated in bulk using silver nitrate for the demonstration of reticulin. After impregnation the tooth germs were embdded in Epon, and thin sections cut for examination with both the light and electron microscope. Control tooth germs were prepared similarly, but were not impregnated with silver. Light microscopic examination showed the classical picture of von Korff fibres. These were associated with the formation of mantle dentine. von Korff fibres were not found associated with forming circumpulpal dentine. Examination of successive sections with the electron microscope showed silver particles between the widely separated, newly differentiated, odontoblasts. In forming circumpulpal dentine, the odontoblasts were closely aligned and no silver particles were found in the now narrowed extracellular spaces. Examination of control sections revealed that the extracellular compartment between the newly differentiated odontoblasts consisted of ground substance and a few sparse collagen fibrils which were too small to be resolved with the light microscope. It is considered that the “von Korff fibres” seen with the light microscope represent silver impregnation of the extracellular material, which is mainly ground substance, in the continuum between the widely separated odontoblasts.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680404
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    The effects of infused materials upon the regeneration of newt limbs. III. Blastemal extracts and alkaline phosphatase in irradiated limb stumpsWork supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (J.D.D.) and by the Atomic Energy Commission (J.N.D.). (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 525-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Forelimbs of adult eastern spotted newts were irradiated with 2000 or 3000 r of x-rays, and were amputated through the elbow region. Limbs treated in this way or infused by means of a Singer microinfusion apparatus with amphibian Ringer's solution were observed as controls. Experimental limbs were infused at various times with (1) amphibian Ringer's solution containing material extracted from two-week-old blastemata from unirradiated limb stumps or (2) one of four concentrations of alkaline phosphatase dissolved in Ringer's solution.Small polyps or blastema-like conical structures were the only regenerative responses that followed the various infusion procedures. Blastemal extract and Ringer's solution alone seemed to be equally effective in inducting these regenerative growths, but no such growths followed mere irradiation and amputation. Alkaline phosphatase was more effective than either the blastemal extract or Ringer's solution in inducing the growth of conical structures. These initial growths in a number of cases persisted as very short cones composed mostly of amorphous cartilage and connective tissue or as pseudoblastematous aggregations of cells. However, extensive regression of tissues and shortening of the limb was seen rather frequently in limbs treated with alkaline phosphatase.Ringer's solution and blastemal extracts did little to reverse the regeneration-inhibiting effects of irradiation on amputated limbs. It appears that alkaline phosphatase caused a more frequent, if still limited, reversal of these effects, and it is suggested that a part of these inhibitory effects may result from damage done to the production of alkaline phosphatase.
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    Radioautographic study of RNA synthesis in normal and actinomycin D treated rat embryosThe research reported in this paper was presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (R.L.J.), University of Cincinnati.Supported by NIH research grant HD-02792 to J.G.W. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 549-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Incorporation of tritiated uridine in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues of normal and actinomycin D treated rats was determined by radioautography on days 7 through 11 of gestation. Precursor incorporation was equated with RNA synthesis and correlated with developmental events and with previously determined teratogenic effects of actinomycin D.Uptake of uridine increased progressively in untreated animals from days 7 through 10 in decidua, trophoblastic giant cells, and visceral and parietal yolk sac endoderm, and remained relatively high in all except visceral yolk endoderm which dropped sharply on day 11. Actinomycin D did not significantly alter uptake in decidua and parietal yolk sac endoderm but caused appreciable reduction of uptake in trophoblast and visceral yolk sac epithelium on days 9 and 10.Uridine incorporation in embryonic ectoderm of untreated animals was relatively low but measurable at all times after day 7 and increased steadily through day 11. It was significantly depressed by actinomycin D on days 9 and 10. These observations correlated well with known developmental events and with teratogenic manifestations following actinomycin D treatment.Tritiated actinomycin D was shown by radioautography to be present in the embryo on day 9, 10 and 11 of gestation, and was shown to be bound to DNA, by virtue of its disappearance after application of deoxyribonuclease. It was concluded that the teratogenic action of actinomycin D in rats is probably dependent on direct intraembryonic inhibition of RNA synthesis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680407
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    The presacral component of the visceral pelvic fascia and its relation to the pelvic splanchnic innervation of the bladder (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 166 (1970), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relation of the autonomic nerve supply of the pelvis to the visceral pelvic fascia and in particular that of the parasympathetic supply to the bladder musculature is of particular consequence in pelvic operations. It is observed that the pelvic splanchnics, including those branches supplying the bladder, are embedded in the peripheral component of the visceral pelvic fascia or presacral fascia throughout a considerable part of their course. Early anatomists made no distinction between the presacral fascia and the fascial sheath of the rectum proper. Consequently their illustrations shown only a single fascial layer which they call the “rectal fascia” or “posterior fibrous sheath of the rectum” separating the middle sacral vessels from the superior rectal vessels which lie in the pararectal fat. While such a distinction has since been made in the surgical literature, most anatomical descriptions are still rather vague in this respect. It is essential to develop the plane of cleavage between the presacral fascia and the fascial sheath of the rectum if injury to the pelvic splanchnic nerves is to be avoided.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091660209
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    Continuous trophic influence of chromatolysed gustatory neurons on taste buds (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 165-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Taste buds are believed to be morphologically dependent on a neurohumor that is supplied by the intact gustatory nerve because after nerve transection the buds disappear. Since taste buds regenerate after reinnervation by peripheral or central fibers of the nodose ganglion, the present experiment was performed to determine whether chromatolysed gustatory neurons could support taste buds. The denervated vallate papillae of adult rats was reinnervated by the central fibers of the nodose ganglion and, after a time sufficient to allow for nerve and bud regeneration, the peripheral fibers of the ganglion were cut. Despite undergoing the typical chromatolytic reaction, the gustatory neurons still maintained the taste buds. The number and appearance of the buds found was similar to that seen in control centrally reinnervated papillae, Transection of the central fibers did, however, cause the disappearance of the buds. The results demonstrate that chromatolysed gustatory neurons can support taste buds, and it is concluded that the metabolic changes which occur in chromatolysed gustatory neurons do not interfere with their trophic function.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670204
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    The fine structure of the placental villi of the rhesus monkey(Macaca mulatta)This work was supported by NIH Research Fellowship 7 F2 HD-19, 136-01A1, and NIH grant HD 00277-11 during the period of a postdoctoral fellowship at the Department of Anatomy, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 141-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Placental villi were obtained from monkeys at the Wisconsin Primate Research Center during 50-150 days gestation. As in the human, the villi consist of a vascular mesenchymal core surrounded by inner cytotrophoblastic and outer syncytiotrophoblastic layers.The syncytiotrophoblast contains abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and a well developed Golgi complex consisting of stacked lamellae and diffuse vesicles. An asymmetrical distribution of ribosomes occurs on RER cisternae associated with mitochondria. Branched microvilli frequently bear dilated tips and resemble stereocilia. Cytoplasmic tufts and microvilli increase the surface area, and the base of the tuft usually contains a large membrane-bound vacuole with a flocculent inclusion of low electron density. These vacuoles are lacking after 100 days. In later stages the syncytiotrophoblast bears irregular microvillous processes and specialized attachment sites at its contact with the basal lamina.Hofbauer cells in the villus core contain numerous large vacuoles, coated pinocytotic vesicles and smooth vesicles apparently derived from ER; the latter are sometimes fused to the large vacuoles. Hofbauer cells appear to be derived from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.
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    The ultrastructure of the human circumvallate papilla. I. Cilia of the papillary crypt (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cilia-bearing cells have been observed near the bottom of the crypt of the human circumvallate papilla, between the lower taste buds and the duct of von Ebner's gland. It is likely that they serve one or more of the following functions: cleansing the papillary crypt, circulation of tastants, and bathing the pores of the taste bud in the various fluid secretions of the oral cavity.The kinetosomes of these cells were observed to possess typical transitional fibers and rootlets with periodic structure. In addition, a single, lateral, satellite-like projection from the midregion of the kinetosome was connected to microtubules which coursed deeply with the mitochondria-rich cytoplasm as did fine fibrils and some rootlets.
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    Hormonal control of the deciduomal response of the golden hamster uterus (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: When pseudopregnant hamsters were ovariectomized and their uteri traumatized on day 4, deciduomal growth (not significantly different from that seen in intact controls) could be maintained by daily injections of 1, 2 or 4 mg of progesterone either alone or in combination with 1, 2 or 5 μg of estrone. When ovariectomy was performed on day 1 of pseudopregnancy and uterine traumatization on day 4, induction and maintenance of a deciduomal response could be achieved with 1 or 2 mg/day of progesterone alone (or in some cases in combination with 1 μg/day of estrone) from days 1 to 3 followed by 1 or 2 mg/day of progesterone in combination with 1, 2 or 5 μg/day of estrone from days 4 to 7. The best results were obtained with progesterone alone (2 mg/day) before trauma and estrone (2 μg/day) and progesterone (2 mg/day) after trauma.
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    Masthead (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670301
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    The cytology of hofbauer cellsThis study was supported by grant 5 R01 HD-02613 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 231-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cytological investigation of Hofbauer cells in various stages of gestation reveals that they are similar to normal macrophages except for unusually large cytoplasmic flanges and included vacuoles. The system of vacuoles is apparently the result of macropinocytotic activity. The individual vacuoles undergo asymmetrical collapse in regions adjacent to small juxtavacuolar tubules thought to be derived from the agranular endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, coated micropinocytotic vesicles are common. Hofbauer cells thus appear to be a type of macrophage with an unusual capacity for fluid ingestion. In younger placentas, Hofbauer cells are usually associated with extracellular compartments within the stroma. These compartments are relatively free of collagen fibrils and demonstrable ground substance and are clearly demarcated from the rest of the stroma by processes of fibroblasts. The abundance of these cells in early placentas, their location in the stroma, and evidence of their pinocytotic activity suggest that these cells may play a role in removal of proteins from interstitial fluid. Hofbauer-like cells were also studied in the guinea pig and the little brown bat. Of these two species, the Hofbauer-like cells of the bat more closely resemble human Hofbauer cells in that they show evidence of extensive macropinocytotic activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091670211
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    Electron microscopy of chromosomal changes in ambystomal somatic cells during the mitotic cycle (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 253-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This sequence of electron micrographs shows the progressive changes undergone by the dispersed chromosomal fibrils of the interphase nucleus as they begin to condense, in early prophase, into clumps centered on three types of small nuclear structures. These bodies do not seem to have been described previously in detail in connection with mitosis, although they were mentioned as a group in a preliminary note by Bloom (1963). In the present report they are divided into three groups indicated as F1, F2 and F3 and are labelled 1, 2 or 3 in the accompanying electron micrographs.The clumps enlarge by continued accretion of more and more fibrils concentrated about these three types of bodies until the chromosomes of metaphase are formed. The inference that the bodies depicted here form focal points for the condensation of dispersed chromosomal filaments rests solely on the repeated finding of the progressive aggregation of the fibrils about them. Further studies are in progress on factors mediating these changes and on the nature of the F bodies.
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    Fine structure of the alveolar macrophage of the cat and modifications of its cytoplasmic components during phagocytosis (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 277-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The alveolar macrophage of the cat shares some features with the alveolar macrophages of ordinary laboratory mammals and man, mainly a voluminous Golgi zone exhibiting evidence of secretory activity. The very numerous typical lysosomes appear to be a secretory end product. They increase in size by a fusion process. At some stage of this process dense periodic structures, crystal-like, become visible in intermediate size lysosomes, which later form heterogeneous crystal-like granules characteristic of the cat's alveolar macrophage.The crystal-like granules are bounded by a unit-membrane pattern and contain a dense periodic parallel lamellar material (crystal-like) mixed with fluffy amorphous substance and surrounded by a clear homogeneous material. Based on its structure as observed at a high magnification, and its behavior during phagocytosis, this crystal-like material appears to be composed of lipid.Intra-pulmonary injection of red blood cells was carried out in order to observe the fate of the crystal-like granules during phagocytosis as compared to that of typical lysosomes. Like typical lysosomes the crystal-like granules become reduced in number and undergo incorporation to the phagocytic vacuoles, demonstrating their lysosomal nature.
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    Brunner's glands of the echidna (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 473-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Brunner's glands of the echidna form a thick, interwoven collar confined to the submucosa of the most distal portion of the stomach. The glandular mass ends immediately proximal to the pyloroduodenal junction and empties onto a surface lined by stratified squamous epithelium. Histochemical studies indicate that the secretion elaborated by the glands is an acid mucopolysaccharide.Secretory tubules in the glands consist of large, pyramidal-shaped cells resting on a delicate basal lamina. They contain large, pale or granular secretory droplets which are membrane bounded and are found in close association with extensive Golgi complexes and also at the apex of the cells. Secretary granules, occasionally fused into irregularly-shaped complexes in the apical region, appear to rupture the cell membrane and discharge their contents into the adjacent lumen. Small, dense granules are also present but less abundant. The granular endoplasmic reticulum is confined mainly to the perinuclear region and comprises dilated cisternae containing amorphous material. Several small vesicles apparently formed from smooth membrane areas of the ergastoplasm are seen adjacent to the Golgi networks.The epithelium lining the duct is devoid of large secretory granules and contains relatively few organelles.
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    Selective effects of testosterone and isoproterenol upon regenerating submandibular gland isografts in BALB/c mice (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 167 (1970), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Single submandibular glands were isografted intraperitoneally to normal BALB/c mice. From the day following transplantation, 20 mg testosterone enanthate fortnightly, or daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.25 mg per gram body weight of isoproterenol-HCl were given. Control mice were untreated. The grafts were removed from five mice in each group 1, 2, 4, or 8 weeks after grafting. Regardless of treatments, only ductal cells were observed one week after transplantation. With testosterone treatment for longer than two weeks, their remaining ductal cells tended to accumulate secretory granules. Some appeared to be secretory tubules resembling those in the glands of normal adult male mice. When the glands were transplanted from females to male hosts, surviving grafts responded to endogenous androgen of the hosts, and some secretory tubules reappeared without testosterone treatment. Contrarily, with isoproterenol treatment for longer than two weeks, acinar cells reappeared in the grafts, but no secretory tubules were observed. The remaining ductal cells often underwent hyperplastic changes with reappearing tubules or acinar cells amongst them corresponding to post-transplantational treatment. Mechanisms of differentiation of these three different components of submandibular glands were found to be different and each had specific affinity to testosterone or isoproterenol. Grafts were removed from hosts treated with testosterone for two months, and when 4 or 8 of these grafts were retransplanted into each new host, they demonstrated a lethal effect.
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    Shapes and sizes of synaptic vesicles in the cerebellum of the Syrian hamster-cortex and deep nucleiSupported in part by USPHS grants NB 00690 and Research Computation Center grant DHEW 5 P07 FR 00024-05. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Material was obtained from eight adult apparently healthy Syrian hamsters perfused with 3.2% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer. Cortex and deep nuclei were prepared for electron microscopy by osmication and Epon embedding. Measurement of size and shape of vesicles was from printx × 50,000. Vesicle profiles whose least diameter was 75% or more of the maximum diameter were classified as round (spherical). If the greatest dimension was more than twice the least, the vesicle was termed flattened, all others oval. So defined, the synaptic sacs in the deep nuclei, large sacs of the granular layer and small sacs of the molecular layer contained more round vesicles than oval and flat combined and differences between these three locations were slight. In large sacs of the molecular layer, oval and flattened vesicles slightly outnumbered round ones. Average sizes were deep nuclei 468 Å, large sacs of granular layer 494 Å, small sacs of molecular layer 452 Å and large sacs of molecular layer 414 Å. Statistical analysis indicated that the mean size of vesicles was significantly different when each of the four locations was compared with the others. These differences are too small to be apparent by inspection. Since the vesicles in the deep nuclei are intermediate in size between those in mossy terminals and the axospinous ones of the molecular layer it was concluded that size and shape of vesicles did not distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory synapses in Syrian hamster cerebellum.
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    Aortic arches in the chick embryo: Origin of the cells as determined by radioautographic mapping (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 351-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The origin of the cells which form the aortic arches in the chick embryo was determined by tracing the movements of tritiated thymidine-labeled grafts excised from medium streak (MS) to head process (HP) stage embryos and transplanted to the epiblast, streak and endoderm-mesoderm layers of similarly staged recipient embryos.Between the MS and HP stages, the preaortic arch cells migrate in epiblast to the primitive streak, invaginate, and move anteriorly and laterally from the streak into mesoderm; at the HP stage they are lateral to the cells which will form the anterior parts of the dorsal aortae, and medial to the heart-forming regions. The most anterior prearch cells form the first arch and the more posterior cells form the more posterior arches. The prearch cells are closely associated during migration with the endoderm cells which will form the adjacent branchial arches and clefts.Cells which will form the posterior end of the aorta are still in the epiblast layer at the late medium streak (LMS) stage, but have moved to the primitive streak at the HP stage; they migrate from the streak into mesoderm posterior and medial to the mesoderm destined for the heart and aortic arches.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680303
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    Electronic Resource
    Structure and innervation of the ciliary processes of the albino rabbit eyeThis research was supported in part by United States Public Health Service Research grant AM 11407. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 168 (1970), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Various physiological and anatomical studies have suggested that the ciliary epithelium may be under the influence of adrenergic nerve fibers. This study was undertaken in an attempt to characterize the innervation of the ciliary epithelium. Both light and electron microscopy revealed that the ciliary epithelium is only sparsely innervated. In addition, the ciliary epithelium overlies a highly vascular stroma, and the distance between the large vascular channels and the ciliary epithelium is small. These features of the stroma indicate it is structurally suited for a transport function, a fact which supports earlier reports that the elaborate membrane infoldings of the ciliary epithelium are indicative of a transport function. The discrepancy between previous descriptions of the innervation of the ciliary epithelium, demonstrating complex subepithelial plexuses of adrenergic nerve fibers, and the results of the present study may be due to the fact that the fluorescence technique used in previous studies could have labelled some other tissue component in addition to adrenergic nerve fibers. Results with orcein and aldehyde fuchsin stains indicate that the disposition of elastic fibers in the ciliary processes is similar to previous descriptions of adrenergic nerve fibers as determined by fluorescent techniques.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091680302
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