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  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (476)
  • 1975  (476)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (476)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure and innervation of the cushion veins of the human nasal respiratory mucosaThis study was supported by Public Health Service grant NB 04147. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cushion veins of the human nasal lining were studied in eight patients of both sexes ranging in age from 11 to 59 years. It was found that the subendothelial cushions were part of the tunica media and consisted of smooth muscle cells, collagen and elastic fibers and occasional fibrocytes. The muscle fibers of the cushion nearest to the endothelium were circular. They extended processes towards the endothelium through gaps in the endothelial basement membrane and formed appositional junctions with the endothelial cells. The rest of the cushion consisted of longitudinal muscle fibers. The sarcoplasm of the muscle cells was characterized by large areas filled with vesicles of various sizes. In addition, these cells possessed cytoplasmic processes which were devoid of a basement membrane and which did not show the regular structure of sarcoplasm. The subendothelial cushion possessed a rich, intrinsic nerve supply of adrenergic and cholinergic axons. It is suggested that the cushion veins regulate the drainage of the cavernous tissue and are under nervous and humoral control. The increase in girth of the subendothelial cushion is effected by contraction of the longitudinal muscle cells and probably by uptake of extracellular fluid by means of the specialized cytoplasmic processes. The single layer of circular muscle cells situated between the endothelial lining and the longitudinal musculature, may provide protection to the endothelium against distension when the cushion expands.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of bovine lung as observed by scanning electron microscopySupported in part by NIH Grant ES HL 00628. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 13-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The surface characteristics of the intrapulmonary airways and alveoli of the lungs from 12 young adult cattle examined by the scanning electron microscope are described. When compared with similar studies of the lungs of various other mammalian species, the bovine lung gneerally resmebles that of other mammals except for several important features: (1) Alveolar pores of Kohn are small and extremely rare; (2) Alveolar macrophages are seldom seen in alveolar air spaces; (3) Interlobular septa completely separate the lung into distinct lobules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830103
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual modification of endoplasmic reticulum in epithelial cells of the mouse ascending colon (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 27-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A rarely occurring structure that is apparently a modification of endoplasmic reticulum was observed in the epithelial cells of the ascending colon of the mouse. The structure consists of a stack of 3 to 15 parallel cisterna-like elements separated by about 67 nm. The stacked cisternae usually are located adjacent to the basal end of the nucleus or in the region between nucleus and basal cell membrane. Top and bottom cisternae of many of the stacks have patent lumens and their outer membranes are lined by ribosomes. Most frequently, middle cisternae have attenuated lumens in their central regions. In some instances the width of the cisternal lumens is similar throughout. Closely apposed pairs of cisternae also occur. Some stacks have a concentric configuration. The intercisternal space contains tightly packed vesicles (38 nm) arranged in a hexagonal array. Many of the vesicles are connected to the membranes of the cisternae by stalk-like projections. The vesicles also occur between the nuclear envelope and the adjacent parallel cistenae. Mitochondria are situated close to each stack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal observations on the diurnal rhythm and the light-responsiveness in the pineal glycogen content in miceSupported in part by a grant from Japanese Ministry of Education (977001, 1974). (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In mice of both sexes ranging in age from five days to two years, the development and time course of diurnal rhythm and light-related variations in pineal glycogen were systematically studied by a semiquantitative histochemical method. When the animals were maintained under the usual diurnal lighting conditions (12L:12D), the diurnal rhythm and light-related changes in pineal glycogen appeared first at 22 days of age and persisted until two years. The glycogenic response was most prominent between 60 and 150 days, and declined slightly in mice older than one year.The glycogenic response and cell size tended to differ in the distal, middle and proximal portions of the body of the pineal. These regional differences changes with the ages of the animals.When mice were kept in continuous darkness for seven days starting from 15, 23 or 60 days of age, the pineal showed a diurnal rhythm in pineal glycogen.When mice were kept in altered light regimens such as continuous darkness, continuous lighting or 6L:6D from birth up to 30 days, no diurnal variation in pineal glycogen developed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830105
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SEM observations of surface alterations associated with neural tube closure in the mouse and hamster (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 95-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830109
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  • 7
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    Electronic Resource
    The “imaged-desmosome”: A component of intercalated discs in embryonic guinea pig myocardium (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 243-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A heretofore undescribed structural variation of the desmosomes of the intercalated disc is found in myocardial cells of the embryonic guinea pig. These desmosomes consist of the usual pair of opaque leaflets, each of the pair contributed by one of the apposed muscle cells. In addition, in the cytoplasm of one of the cells there appears a pair of linear densities (facsimile-lines) parallel to the nearest desmosomal plaque and separated from it by a 60 nm space. The facsimile lines superficially resemble the desmosomal leaflets in length and thickness, thus forming a cytoplasmic “image” of the desmosome. These “imaged-desmosomes” are found predominantly in the longitudinally-running portions of the intercalated discs and are common in 7-week embryos. Their incidence drops sharply by eight weeks of gestation, and they are virtually absent from the heart of the newborn animal. Often tubules of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) are found in apposition to the facsimile-lines; thus it appears that association of SR tubules with desmosomes is responsible for the formation of imaged-desmosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sertoli cell junctional specializations and their relationship to the germinal epithelium as observed after efferent ductule ligation (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 267-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Seminiferous tubules from testes of normal and efferent ductule ligated mice were examined with the electron microscope. The tubules in the ligated animals were markedly distended and at most stages of the seminiferous cycle the epithelium exhibited a series of circumferentially-oriented ridges. Cross-sectional profiles of these ridges were studied with particular emphasis on the Sertoli cell junctional specializations and their relationship to the germinal cells.In the ligated specimen the basal cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells is highly attenuated, often appearing as a thin process resting on the basement lamina. Where the cytoplasm of one Sertoli cell ends, it meets in apposition with the cytoplasm of an adjoining Sertoli cell, and at these sites, junctional specializations are present. The ridges are comprised of a stalk of apical Sertoli cell cytoplasm, often appearing like an inverted cone, with young spermatids aligned along the lateral surfaces and the more mature spermatid population embedded within the apical cytoplasm. Junctional specializations were observed along these lateral Sertoli cell surfaces. In some instances, they formed a free surface, but usually early spermatids were in contact with the junctional specializations. With respect to the more mature spermatids, the acrosomal component was typically found in relation to a junctional specialization. Germ cells at the spermatocyte stage were also noted in relation to the Sertoli cell junctional specializations.The findings suggest that spermatocytes cross the Sertoli cell barrier and gain access to the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubule through the disengagement of the inter-Sertoli cell junctional complex. It is proposed that when the inter-Sertoli cell junctional specializations separate, the spermatocytes come in apposition with the newly freed junctional surfaces and remain in relation with them through the ensuing divisions. It appears that at some point, firm adhesion between germ cells and the junctional specializations occurs; the spermatid progeny may thus maintain contact with the original inter-Sertoli cell junctional specializations until their release into the tubule lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830205
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormonal influences on the morphogenesis of the preputial gland of embryonic miceAided in part by Grant 5 SO1 RR 05353 from the National Institutes of Health. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 35-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fetal preputial glands from 14- to 17-day old mouse embryos undergo comparable growth, branching, and display similar degrees of cytodifferentiation when cultured in vitro on medium lacking hormones, on this medium in the presence of either of the fetal gonads, and on medium supplemented with testosterone dipropionate. Conversely, morphogenesis of these anlagen is markedly suppressed by estrogen and an anti-androgen, Cyproterone acetate. These observations demonstrate that acquisition of androgen-sensitivity is a late event in the morphogenesis of the preputial gland and correlate with the developmental properties of preputial mesenchyme as demonstrated in earlier studies on the epithelio-mesenchymal interaction.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810104
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  • 10
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    Electronic Resource
    Junctional complexes in the preimplantation rabbit embryoSupported by grant HD 09462 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. We would especially like to thank Dr. Karl Pfenninger for extensive assistance in freeze-cleave techniques with the blastocysts. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 17-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphology and development of junctional complexes between blastomeres of the preimplantation rabbit embryo were investigated using several approaches. Electron microscopic examination of embryos stained en bloc with uranyl acetate, and the study of junction permeability using horseradish peroxidase and lanthanum nitrate provided information on structure, intermembrane spacing and permeability of the junctional complexes. In addition, the freeze fracture technique was used with day 5 and day 6 blastocysts, since the large size of these embryos facilitated use of this method. These experiments showed that although rudimentary junctions were present between blastomeres of the early cleavage stages, effective tight junctions were not present until the blastocyst stage. Electron microscopic examination of thin sections revealed apical foci of membrane approximation or “fusion” between trophoblast cells by day 4. Freeze fracturing revealed a lattice of interconnecting ridges (on the A face) and grooves (on the B face) in the apical region between trophoblast cells of the day 5 blastocyst. This lattice formed a continuous band along the apical margin of each cell, and therefore constituted a zonula occludens. The zonula occludens of the day 5 blastocyst averaged 2-3 ridges per lattice, while day 6 blastocysts had lattices that averaged 5-6 ridges. Also seen in the freeze fracture replicas from the day 5 and day 6 blastocysts were local accumulations of intramembranous particles on the A face. These particles were often observed in aggregates similar to those of previously described gap junctions. It could not be determined whether these small regions of particles were true gap junctions or a possible primitive form of gap junction because the complementary pitted surfaces (B face pits) were not demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810103
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The repair of fractured membrane bones in the newly hatched chick (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 55-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Repair of a fractured membrane bone, the quadratojugal (QJ), has been studied in the newly hatched chick. Complete open fractures never united by bony fusion, even in birds maintained for six months post-fracture. Extraperiosteal connective tissue invaded the fracture gap and formed thick fibrous bundles which stabilised the fracture. Cartilage of two types formed on these bones. One was derived from periosteal cells and the other from osteoblasts or osteocytes. Considerably more cartilage formed in bones partially fractured than in those completely fractured. The “periosteal” cartilage did not form if the periosteum was removed at the time the bone was fractured. This was because, although the fibrous layer of the periosteum regenerated, the cambial layer did not. Metaplastic cartilage did form in the absence of the periosteum.Isolating fractured bones within polyethylene or glass tubes prevented accumulation of a blastema between the bony fragments. Cartilage did not form in side the tubes but did form where the ends of the tubes abutted onto the bones.Large defects in the bones (4 mm gaps, 4 mm of bone in the place of the QJ) healed via fibrous union with minimal osteogenesis and no chondrogenesis.Severing M. depressor mandibulae at the time the bone was fractured inhibited chondrogenesis, favoured osteogenesis and resulted in development of a pseudarthrosis.The potential for differentiation of the cells of the QJ and the role of adjacent tissues as they related to repair of the fracture was discussed, and the ability of cells from membrane bones to become chondrogenic emphasized.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810105
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in the fine structure of hepatocytes in hyperthyroid ratsThis reserch is supported by NIH Grants NS 00690 and 5T01 GM 00459. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 71-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ultrastructural investigation of liver from ten radiothyridectomized adult male albino rats, made hyperthyroid by administration of desiccated thyroid for eight to ten weeks, revealed changes in hepatic organelles, but no differences between centrilobular, midzonal and periportal hepatocytes of a single lobule. The mitochondria were enlarged with an increase in matrix density, but no increase in number of mitochondria or alterations in membranes or criste was observed. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum appeared slightly increased and dilated in treated rats, while stacked cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum were seldom seen. Large vacuoles, which often contained follicular material and frequently opened into the spaces of Disse, were observed at the periphery of hepatocytes. The vacuoles may arise from invaginations of the cell membrane along these spaces to increase the surface area and to act as channels for liver metabolites. Moreover, in hyperthyroid rats hepatic glycogen was uniformly depleted. Whether these changes were a primary effect of thyroid hormone or secondary to metabolic alterations is unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810106
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830401
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  • 14
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    Electronic Resource
    Post-natal development of the median eminence of the guinea pigSupported in part by U. S. Public Health Service grant RR-00167 to the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center from the National Institutes of Health. Primate Center publication no. 14-019. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 459-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the median eminence of neonatal (newborn, 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-day old) and adult guinea pigs was studied to determine the dynamic changes occurring in this structure during early life. At birth the portal vasculature consists of the Mantelplexus and a few, non-fenestrated capillary loops. The number of ansae and the degree of fenestration increase rapidly after birth. The abundance of cytoplasmic and ciliary projections into the ventricular recess and the large numbers of organelles indicate that the ependymal cells are more active in the neonatal period than in the adult male. Moreover, the ependymal endfeet cover most of the surface area of the primary portal plexus during this time. The neuronal layers of the median eminence are difficult to distinguish at birth due to the lack of myelinated fibers in the zona interna. Significant myelination appears on day 3 but is not complete until day 10. There is a progressive increase in the numbers of Herring bodies and large neurosecretory granules (1,500-1,700 Å) during this same time period. In the zona externa, few nerve terminals abut on the perivascular space until day 3. Increases in numbers of granules per axon profile were noted for each day after birth. Despite the relatively long gestation period of the guinea pig (68-72 days), the morphologic appearance of the median eminence at birth suggests that the neurovascular link controlling anterior pituitary function is not yet complete.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830310
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercellular junctions of rat endocardiumSupported in part by USPHS Grant HL 13742. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the intercellular junctions of rat endocardium has been characterized following lanthanum exposure in vitro and uranyl acetate staining en bloc. The interendothelial clefts of the endocardium run either a relatively straight or convoluted course and possess one or two loci where the plasma membranes are in close apposition or form punctate fusions. Elongate restrictions, that exhibit hexagonal arrays of subunits following lanthanum immersion (gap junctions), are also present in the intercellular endocardial clefts. The occurrence of interendothelial clefts of endocardium lacking occlusive foci can account for the permeability properties of ventricular endocardium, where the direction of diffusion of macromolecules has been attributed to pressure gradients between ventricular cavity and myocardium. The relationship of gap junctions to possible electrical phenomena within the endocardium is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830311
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  • 16
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    Electronic Resource
    The normal human thymic vasculature: An ultrastructural studySupported by NIH NCI Contract CP 43295. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 485-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopy of the normal human thymus demonstrates a characteristic vascular-parenchymal relationship. The vascular lumen is always separated from the thymic parenchyma by: the endothelial cell cytoplasm, a muscular coat in arterioles and veins, the vascular basal lamina, a perivascular space containing collagen fiber and cells, the epithelial-reticular cell basal lamina and the epithelial-reticular cell cytoplasm. The width of this perivascular space is proportional to the size of the vessel it surrounds; it is wide around the vessels in the septa and at the cortical-medullary junction, but narrow around capillaries. While many cells are present in this space around the larger vessels, only collagen is observed around the capillaries. Lymphocytes are the predominant cell type in the space; however, plasma cells, eosinophils, histiocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, mast cells and unidentified granulated cells are also seen.The vascular complex described above may function as a blood-thymus barrier, as the initial site of exposure of the lymphocytes to circulating antigen and as the route of emigration of lymphocytes from the thymus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830402
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  • 17
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    Electronic Resource
    Surface epithelium of the fetal guinea-pig ovary: A light and electron microscopic study (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 499-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The surface epithelium in fetal guinea-pig ovaries was examined from the time of early sexual differentiation, about 34 days, until approximately ten days before birth.At day 34 the epithelium varied greatly in apperance as seen in the light microscope and possessed a superficial layer of flattened or cuboidal cells. By day 58 the epithelium had changed into one layer of regularly arranged columnar cells. During the same period the number of germinal cells decreased. Connections between the germinal cords and the surface epithelium were observed from day 34, being especially numerous and broad at days 34 and 42 and decreasing in number and size from day 46 onwards. The basement membrane beneath the epithelium gradually increased in thickness.In the electron microscope two types of somatic cells could be distinguished. One type formed a superficial single layer connected by junctional complexes and exhibited intracellular bundles of 60 Å microfilaments running straight through the apical part of the cell, attached to junctional complexes on either side. These bundles were found frequently between days 34 and 42, but were rarely seen after the forty-sixth day. Microvillous projections into the coelomic cavity were especially numerous from day 34 to day 46.The other type of somatic cells lay in close proximity to the germinal cells: microfilaments or junctional complexes were not observed.The subepithelial basement lamina was continous with that surrounding the connections and the germinal cords.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830403
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smooth muscle in lymph node capsule and trabeculae (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 517-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study focuses on the confusion in existing literature concerning the presence of smooth muscle in the capsule and trabeculae of lymphnodes. Human and bovine nodes from several anatomical areas and several individuals of each species were examined by conventional light, electron and fluorescence microscopy. Smooth muscle cells, independent of blood vessels, were demonstrated in the trabeculae and capsules of lymph nodes of both species examined by all three techniques. The need for further study on the function of these cells is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830404
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  • 19
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    Electronic Resource
    Cellular renewal in the enamel organ and the odontoblast layer of the rat incisor as followed by radioautography using 3H-thymidine (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 523-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Renewal of the cell populations of the incisor was studied in 100 gm male rats injected with a single dose of 3H-thymidine and sacrificed at various times from one hour to 32 days after injection. Radioautographs showed that a cohort of labeled cells within the enamel organ, odontoblast layer, and pulp was carried passively with the erupting incisor from the apical end toward the gingival margin where the life cycle of these cells was terminated. Labeled cells in the upper and lower incisor, although traversing different absolute lengths, were found in approximately the same functional stage of their life cycle at similar times after the injection. Thus, by one and one-half days labeled ameloblasts began inner enamel secretion. By 32 days labeled ameloblasts had traversed the entire maturation zone and were located at the gingival margin. Labeled odontoblasts followed closely the movement of labeled ameloblast. The mean rate of ameloblast migration was 567 μm/day on the upper incisor and 651 μm/day on the lower. For the odontoblasts this rate was 500 μm/day (upper) and 631 μm/day (lower). Finally, it was found that as the rat aged, the duration of the life cycle for epithelial and pulp cell populations of the incisor increased because of growth within the longitudinal axis of the tooth. It was concluded that the apical end of the incisor literally “grows backward” in the bony socket, and hence, the duration of the life cycle becomes greater simply because it takes cells longer to physically reach the gingival margin.
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830405
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  • 20
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    Electronic Resource
    A circadian rhythm of mitotic activity in the uterine luminal epithelium of the rat: Effect of estrogenSupported by USPHS-HD-06210-03. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 563-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The study was designed to determine whether or not the rat uterine luminal epithelium exhibits a mitotic circadian rhythm and to ascertain the effect of estrogen treatment at different time periods on the uterine epithelial mitotic response. Immature rats were injected with either sesame oil (controls) or 60 ng of estradiol-17 β at eight time periods and were necropsied 24 hours after treatment. Colchicine was administered IP two hours before autopsy. Peak mitotic activity was observed during the nocturnal phase (0300) for both the control and estrogen-treated rats. The nadirs were recorded during the diurnal phase (1800 and 1200 for the control and estrogen groups, respectively). The differences between low and high values were 1100% for the control rhythm and 101% for the estrogen animals. The data demonstrate the existence of overt circadian rhythms in the uterine epithelium for both control and estrogentreated rats.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830406
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    The fine structure of the trophospongial layer of the kangaroo rat placentaThis investigations was supported in part by funds from USPHS grant 5 R01 HD06734 (B. F. K.) and by funds from the Research Advisory Board, University of Nevada (F. D. T.). (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 567-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The trophospongial layer of the near-term kangaroo rat placenta was examined in the electron microscope. Two ultrastructurally different cellular zones were distinguishable - an inner zone adjacent to the labyrinth and a basal zone located mesometrial to the inner zone. Inner zone cells contained a well developed granular ER and Golgi apparatus as well as polymorphous membrane-limited granules. The cells also contained modest amounts of glycogen and lipid droplets. Basal zone cells were also rich in ER; some cells had dilated ER cisternae containing a highly structured material which appears as a sheet of hexagons when viewed en face. Basal zone cells may, among other things, function as glycogen storage cells, since they had large cytoplasmic accumulations of glycogen. Unlike the situation in some other rodents, maternal blood draining from the trophospongial layer was always contained in channels lined by a layer of squamous cells which, in turn, was separated from the trophospongial cells by a basal lamina. The trophospongial zones are compared with the trophosngial regions of other rodent placentas and possible functions are considered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830407
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  • 22
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    Anatomical data on the intracranial venous drainage of the tufted capuchin, Cebus apella linnaeus, 1758 (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 589-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The venous channels responsible for the intracranial drainage were dissected in a series of 25 male and female adult tufted or brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella).It was found that Cebus have a venous arrangements fundamentally the same as in man, differing only in that: 1. the monkey has no inferior sagittal sinus, sphenoparietal sinus, and emissary parietal and condylar veins; 2. the occipital sinus is not in connection with other sinuses; 3. there are a sphenopetrosal sinus, a petrosquamous sinus, and an unpaired inferior cerebellar vein; 4. besides the internal jugular vein, there is additional intracranial drainage through the petrosquamous sinus and the postglenoid vein; 5. the superficial middle cerebral vein opens into the petrosquamous sinus; 6. the lingual and facial veins are not tributaries of the internal jugular vein; 7. there is a bilateral uniform division of the superior sagittal sinus at the confluence of the sinuses to drain equally into both transverse sinuses; 8. the vascular pattern appears to be quite stable; anatomical variations appear to be few and unimportant.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830409
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    An angiographic study of the fox testis in various stages of sexual activity (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 599-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The arteries and veins of the fox testis were studied using an angiographic technique. The postnatal development of the testis involved only minor modification of the vasculature. In the non-breeding season both the arteries and veins of the adult fox testis undergo extensive spiralization which completaly disappears during the breeding season. When the sequence of morphological changes in blood vessels are related to available data on changes in testicular size, blood flow and connective tissue content, it is obvious that the vascular spiralization is passive and related to shrinkage of the organ and does not primarily influence the testicular blood flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830410
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    Malorientation of mitotic figures in the early lens rudiment of aphakia mouse embryosSupported by grant EY-01002 from the National Eye Institute (National Institutes of Health). (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 345-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In early embryonic epithelia most cell divisions are oriented with their cleavage furrows perpendicular to the free surface of the tissue. This results in the generation of two daughter cells, which are equivalent with regard to their apical surface. Mitotic figures, in which the long axis through the centers of the chromosome plates (chromatin masses) is perpendicular to the surface, are seen only occasionally.The lens placode and early lens cup of mouse embryos homozygous for the gene aphakia show significantly greater numbers of maloriented mitoses than normal control lenses. The axis connecting the centers of the chromosomal plates is frequently perpendicular or oblique to the surface. This may result in the production of daughter cells, which are unequal as far as their position at the tissue surface is concerned.Later, the lumen of the mutant lens vesicle fills up with cells, which are apparently released from the lens epithelium. Further development of the lens and the eye is grossly disturbed.The release of these cells may be a consequence of the malorientation of their divisions, or both may be the result of a defect in the spatial orgnization of the lens tissue, possibly due to abnormal cellular adhesion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820308
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    The systemic arterial pattern of the guinea pig: The abdomen (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 355-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The systemic arterial pattern of the guinea pig was studied to determine the arrangement of the major arterial trunks and their branches. Fiftynine specimens were examined by dissection, angiography or corrosion casting. The arterial arrangement was found to resemble a typical mammalian pattern, although some exceptions were noted. For example, the guinea pig usually has a single vessel, the celiacomesenteric trunk, instead of separate celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries. The celiac components of this vascular axis were found to originate in four different patterns. Also, the renal arteries were found to be single or double on either side with double origins more frequent.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820309
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    The development of various generations of nephrons during postnatal ontogenesis in the rat (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 367-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The structural development of individual nephrons has been investigated in the kidneys of young rats by microdissection.Superficial, intercortical and juxtamedullary nephrons in Wistar-Konárovice rats aged 2 to 60 days have been followed. At two and five days of age the superficial nephrons were in an early stage of anatomical development. At this time intercortical and juxtamedullary nephrons were more developed, and basically resembled similar structures in adult animals with the exception that the loops of Henle did not have a thin ascending limb.At ten days of age all three types of nephrons were differentiated with the exception that the intercortical nephrons did not possess a thin ascending limb of Henle's loop.At selected stages of development there appears to be a direct relation between the length of the superficial nephrons and the weight of the kidney. Since individual segments of these nephrons do not grow at the same proportional rate, this relationship does not hold when compared to kidney weight.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820310
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    Rapid freezing of deep cerebral structures for electron microscopyThis investigation was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NB 07658). (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method is described for the investigation of deep cerebral structures by freeze-substitution. The head of a mouse is sectioned in a guillotinelike apparatus. The exposed surface is subjected to freeze-substitution. Electron micrographs prepared from this material exhibit under a layer of sheared tissue, a layer of tissue comparable with that observed previously in micrographs of the cerebral and cerebellar cortices subjected to freeze-substitution of their natural surfaces. By varying the plane in which the head is sectioned any structure in the brain can be made accessible to freeze-substitution.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820311
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    Masthead (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820401
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    The influence of function on chondrogenesis at the epiphyseal cartilage of a growing long boneSupported by a Grant (MA-4020) from the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 387-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to study the behaviour of epiphyseal cartilage in a nonfunctional environment, the third metacarpal bone was transplanted intracerebrally as an isograft between 7-day-old litter-mate rats. Host animals were killed 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 weeks post-operatively, and the cellular kinetics evaluated by means of tritiated thymidine autoradiography. The study was also used to compare the effects of function on chondrogenesis at the epiphyseal cartilage with that previously demonstrated for the condylar cartilage of the mandible (Meikle, '73a).Transplantation resulted in three major changes in the cartilage; there was a decreased rate of proliferative activity in the cell columns; the cartilage failed to maintain a satisfactory increase in transverse diameter; the cells of the perichondrium differentiated into osteoblasts instead of chondroblasts. Autoradiographic and histological findings suggested that the inability of the cartilage to increase in transverse diameter was related to the decreased rate of proliferative activity in the cell columns and not to the cessation of perichondrial chondrogenesis. On the basis of these findings two conclusions can be made.1. Extrinsic mechanical stresses associated with function appear to be necessary for the normal interstitial growth of epiphyseal cartilage during postnatal development, suggesting that functional activity can influence the rate of cell proliferation.2. Functional activity provides the stimulus for the differentiation of perichondrial cells into chondroblasts.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820312
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    Development of beaks of Rana pipiens larvaeThis research was supported in part by PHS Research Grant No. AM02202 from the National Institute of Arthritic and Metabolic Diseases to Jerry J. Kollros. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 401-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rana pipiens larval beaks consist of column cells, sheath cells and basal cells which supply cells to column and sheath. Each column consists of disk-like precone cells, cone cells and keratinized cone cells; they are cells in different stages of the process of keratinization.Beaks first appear externally at embryonic stage 24. Epidermal cells align at the tip of the jaw at stage 21. They increase in number and change in shape. Keratinization starts at stage 23. By stage 24, the apical column cells are keratinized and the histological organization is set for the whole larval period.During the larval period, the numbers of column cells increase until stages VIII or IX, stay relatively constant during mid-larval stages, and decrease at late larval stages. The beak is completely shed at stage XX. The widening of the beaks goes on during the entire larval period. Along the cutting edge of the jaw the booth spikes increase in number and in individual width as the animal grows older and larger.Thyroid hormone causes a premature reduction of the column cell number and a precocious beak loss. The loss of beak at metamorphic climax is a thyroid dependent event.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820402
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    The variable fine structure of elastin visualized with verhoeff's iron hematoxylinThis research was supported by N.I.H. Grants AM-10956, AM-11028 and VA TR-168a. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Verhoeff's iron hematoxylin (VIH) followed by lead citrate (LC) applied to epoxy thin sections stained the dense component of elastic fibers heavily and the peripheral microfibrillar component lightly in guinea pig trachea and mouse testis fixed with a glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide sequence. This method stained large fimbriated fibers beneath tracheal epithelium, small fibers and stacked aggregates thereof in the deep lamina propria, cartilage and adventitia of the trachea and large stacked fibers in the fibroelastic band of the trachea. Fibers of the fetus differed from those of the adult, especially in the subepithelial elastic lamina of the trachea. Elastic fibers were intimately associated with fibroblasts and particularly slender fibroblast processes in tracheal stroma and with chondrocytes in tracheal cartilage. Fibroblasts associated with elastic fibers in the tracheal subepithelial lamina propria were often closely bordered by eosinophils, mast cells, or monocytes. Occasional mast cells extended slender processes around elastic fibers in the subepithelial lamina propria. In mouse testis and in many regions of the trachea, small elastic fibers were identified which were below the limits of resolution for the light microscope and were not apparent at the ultrastructural level in routinely stained thin sections.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810107
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  • 32
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    Masthead (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810201
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  • 33
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    Granular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus in perinatal rats (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 627-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Granular cell indices (GCI; Dunihue and Robertson, '57) in kidneys of fetal and newborn rats were determined by examining sections stained with Bowie's technique. Some fetuses were delivered prematurely by Caesarean section a day earlier than the expected delivery, and were then nursed by a foster mother. Similarly, postmature Caesarean newborn rats were obtained; retention one day beyond the normal gestation was induced by maternal progesterone injections.The GCI was strikingly increased within a day after birth, followed by an immediate decrease thereafter. This was also observed in both premature and postmature newborn rats. It seems that this temporary increase of the GCI is not attributable solely to the age of rat, but follows only the separation from the maternal environment.
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    Structure of rat ultimobranchial bodies after birthThis investigation was supported by a grant from the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 561-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The evolution of ultimobranchial bodies in Holtzman rats during the first 64 weeks after birth was studied by reconstructing three-dimensional models from serial sections stained by the periodic acid-Schiff technique. Radioautography with 125I was made to see if ultimobranchial cells and/or follicular cells lining the lumen of mixed follicles were able to iodinate proteins. The term ultimobranchial body designates herein an embryonic vesicular structure (derived from the third pharyngeal pouch) whose wall is made of a stratified squamous epithelium. During the first week after birth, the vesicular ultimobranchial body elongates rapidly and becomes a canal or a duct. During the second week, cell desquamation brings about local dilatations in the lumen of these ducts; with further enlargement ultimobranchial follicles will appear. In one-day-old rats, mixed follicles are present. Only the follicular component of mixed follicles iodinates proteins as is shown by radioautography. The reconstructed models enlarge rapidly up to the 56th day after birth at which time their weight has increased nineteenfold. These same models show that the three morphological components of ultimobranchial parenchyma, namely ducts, follicles and mixed follicles, are in continuity within the thyroid parenchyma. The formation of new thyroid follicles after birth and the possibility that the ultimobranchial parenchyma may function as an endocrine gland of holocrine type are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810303
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    Pathways of clearance in mouse lungs exposed to iron oxide aerosolsSupported by USPHS Center Grant ES-00002 and Research Grant ES-00583 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 581-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The history of particle clearance was studied in lungs of mice serially sacrificed at intervals up to 14 months following single exposures to an aerosol of submicronic, particulate, iron oxide used as a similitude for atmospheric dust. Clearance was followed by light microscopy in unstained and Prussian blue stained frozen and plastic embedded sections, as well as by electron microscopy, where iron oxide can be recognized by its form. Related problems were investigated through histochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase activity in pulmonary lysosomes and Prussian blue staining of various tissues after administration of iron compounds by gastrointestinal and vascular routes.The iron particles settle extensively but not uniformly on pulmonary alveolar surfaces. Clearance is centripetal and involves two mechanisms, an extracellular mechanism fed by fluid currents sweeping across the surface, and a cellular mechanism principally involving alveolar macrophages. In the early post exposure period both actively remove deposited particles predominantly through the pulmonary airways. By 24 hours uncleared residues have become ingested and clearance thereafter results mainly from cellular action. Macrophages enter bronchial passages where they sometimes continue to pursue normal activities. A chronic phase of clearance begins when deposited particles become sequestered in macrophages of pulmonary connective tissues. These cells are reached by several routes, not least by crossing the bronchial epithelium. Particle clearance from these macrophages is very slow, and residue-containing cells eventually congregate in lymphoid tissues surrounding major bronchi. These findings are discussed as they help to develop an overall picture of clearance from the lungs and as they bear on related topics, such as functional roles of alveolar and pulmonary connective tissue macrophages and the pathogenesis of chronic bronchial disease.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810304
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    Postnatal changes in the localization of glucose 6-phosphatase activity within the liver lobule of the mouse (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 635-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The change in the localization of glucose 6-phosphatase activity within the liver lobule of the mouse was studied during development. From one day before birth to three days after birth, a uniform localization of the activity was observed throughout the lobule. This uniform localization of the activity gradually changed to that of the adult type, characterized by a relatively higher activity in periportal areas, between three to ten days of age. This indicates that the postnatal growth of the liver is accompanied by a change in the pattern of the localization of this enzyme activity within the liver lobule. Further, the biochemical results showed that the elevated activity after birth was reduced to the level seen in adult at ten days of age. Thus, the reduction in the level of the enzyme activity during ten days after birth corresponds to a redistribution of the enzyme activity within the liver lobule.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810306
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    The postnatal development of high-endothelial venules in lymph nodes of mice (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 659-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The postnatal development of high-endothelial venules (HEvenules) in popliteal lymph nodes of normal and athymic mice was studied by light and electron microscopy.In the normal mice, undifferentiated postcapillary HEvenules are already present at birth. During the first four days after birth, ribosomes and mitochondria in the endothelial cells of the venules become more numerous, and the endoplasmic reticulum and in particular the Golgi complexes enlarge. At day four lymphocyte diapedesis through the venules becomes apparent. From the tenth day the HEvenules are structurally mature. However, diapedesis activity still increases till about a month postnatally. In mice with congenital aplasia of the thymus (nude mice) and in neonatally thymectomized mice the development of the HEvenules is similar to that in normal mice. In the athymic mice both lymphocytes and granulocytes migrate through the walls of the HEvenules. However, the blood level of lymphocytes in these mice is far below the value in normal mice.It is concluded that the development of the HEvenules during the first month of life is independent of the blood level of lymphocytes.
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    The wall structure of the arteries in the corpora cavernosa penis of rabbits; light and electron microscopy (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 641-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Wall structures of the arteries in the corpora cavernosa penis were observed in rabbits. The deep (central) arteries in the proximal part of the penis have five or more independent ridges of the wall which are formed by the internal layer of the media consisting of almost longitudinal muscle cell layers. Electron microscopy of these regions revealed that the endothelial cells are connected to each other by many maculae and zonulae adherentes, and that smooth muscle cells of the media are separated from one another by a wide intercellular space embedding abundant collagenous fibers.The epithelioid cells constituting the media of the helicine branches of the deep artery vary in their fine structure from close resemblance to muscle cells, to cells with easily identified special features. Frankly epithelioid cells have few scattered cytoplasmic filaments of a single type, 60-90 Å in diameter, abundant ribosomes, active Golgi, and other features different from the typical smooth muscle cells. There is no suggestion that these epithelioid cells are either degenerative or undifferentiated forms of smooth muscle cells, as postulated by light microscopists. Transitions froms muscle to epithelioid cells are consistent with, but not proved by, our data.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810307
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    A quick, effective method for dissecting the middle ear (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 685-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810310
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    Spatial distribution of rat fungiform papillaeThis work was supported in part by NIH Grant NS 10389.A preliminary report of these findings was presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA, November, 1973. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 679-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of fungiform papillae on the rat's tongue. Since each fungiform papilla in the rat has a single taste bud, the spatial distribution of fungiform papillae is equivalent to the location of taste buds on the anterior tongue. A mean total number of 187 fungiform papillae per tongue were found which were about equally divided between the two lateral halves of the tongue. Over 50% of the total number of fungiform papillae were located on the tongue tip for an average density of 3.4 papillae/mm2, while the dorsal surface of the tongue had an average density of 1.3 papillae/mm2 of tongue surface. Papillae were absent on the dorsal midline, but a paracentral line of papillae running from anterior to posterior was a consistent finding. Though not identical, the distribution of papillae was essentially the same on different tongues. The functional significance of the papilla distribution is not understood, but electrophysiological experiments show evidence of neural interaction of papillae which are clustered together. The distribution of papillae and the distribution of nerve fibers which innervate them must be evaluated together in order to appreciate the significance of the distribution of fungiform papillae and their associated taste bunds.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Masthead (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810401
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  • 42
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    Adrenergic innervation of cat adrenal medullaSupported by HEW Grant NS10326. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 689-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cat adrenal medulla was studied to determine whether or not an adrenergic nerve supply was available to medullary cells. The techniques used were those of routine electron microscopy, injection and uptake of “false” transmitter substance (5-hydroxydopamine), injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, which selectively destroys postganglionic adrenergic elements and a specific cytochemical method using glutaraldehyde and heavy metal techniques for cytochemical localization of biogenic amines. Each method consistently demonstrated adrenergic fibers and terminals in the adrenal medulla; these adrenergic elements contain dense, large core and small core vesicles which are not of the “dense cored” cholinergic type. Localization of adrenergic fibers and terminals is deemed significant since the latter had the bouton en passage configuration immediately adjacent to norepinephrine cells; adrenergic elements were not seen in close relationship to epinephrine cells. Consistency of the findings from the three techniques point to the fact that the norepinephrine cells of the adrenal medulla have a dual innervation, both cholinergic and adrenergic. This type of innervation pattern is not unique for the autonomic nervous system, but it has not been reported previously for adrenal medullary cells. It is believed that such an innervation pattern has functional and pharmacologic significance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810402
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    Spatial distribution of mitosis in mouse epidermisThis work was supported by John A. Hartford Foundation, Inc. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 705-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cells of the upper strata of mammalian epidermis are flattened and aligned to form regular columnar units. It has been suggested that the position of the smaller underlying basal cells is related to the overlying cell columns. Examination of the position of metaphase figures in sheets of mouse epidermis indicated that mitosis occurs principally in cells lying just within the periphery of the cell columns but that there is no alignment of interphase basal cells within the columnar peripheries which could account for this position of mitosis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 44
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    Cyclicity in tumescence of the perineal labia of female lowland gorillasThis investigation was supported by NSF Grant GB-30757 and PHS Grant RR-00165 from NIH. The author thanks Drs. K. G. Gould and C. E. Graham for helpful comments on the manuscript and Mr. F. Kiernan for providing the photograph for figure 1. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 791-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The first group norms on the periodic occurrence of tumescence in the perineal labia of female lowland gorillas were obtained in 9 captive subjects. Individual mean cycle lengths for 8 adult females in 2 experiments ranged from 25.9-36.3 days with overall means of 31.1 and 32.5 days. The one subadult female had a mean cycle length of 40.7 days. The median and modal duration of maximal labial tumescence were 1.8 and 1 day, respectively. Data from 3 animals on which menses were recorded during 6 cycles yielded relatively consistent postswelling phase durations of 8-11 days and durations of menstruation of 1-2 days. The data from 2 conceptions of 1 female suggested that time of ovulation was closely associated with the day of detumescence. These data are discussed in terms of certain differences as well as similarities which exist between the gorilla and its closest relative, the chimpanzee. The contribution of these data to the area of comparative reproduction is enhanced because of the significant taxonomic affiliations of the gorilla species.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 45
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    The degradative role of the fibroblast in the remodelling and turnover of collagen in soft connective tissue (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820102
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  • 46
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    The origin and fate of osteoclasts (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Despite intensive and ingenious investigation, the origins and ultimate fate of the osteoclast remain shrouded in mystery. This brief review evaluates some of the recent experimental approaches used in the study of the osteoclast, especially whether they form from intra- or extra-skeletal progenitor cells, whether from the same osteoprogenitor cell as the osteoblast, and whether, once formed, they may modulate to osteoblasts.That osteoprogenitor cells can, and do, become osteoclasts is well founded, as is the conclusion that such progenitor cells originate as blood-borne, extraskeletal cells. Evidence that sessile, intra-skeletal, progenitor cells can form osteoclasts is less direct. There is good evidence that osteoclasts both shed and take-up nuclei, but no direct evidence that nuclear shedding is accompanied by death of the osteoclast, and no direct evidence for the fate of the shed nuclei. Whether the same osteoprogenitor cell can produce either an osteoblast or an osteoclast also remains an open question.
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  • 47
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    A smooth muscle plexus associated with the aqueous outflow pathway of the rabbit eyeSupported by a grant from Research to Prevent Blindness and USPHS grant NS-06181. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Smooth muscle cells were demonstrated adjacent to the aqueous outflow pathway in rabbit eyes. The cells were arranged as a discontinuous band, one to three layers thick and extended from the termination of Descemet's membrane to the ciliary body. Most of the cells were oriented with their long axes at right angles to the aqueous plexus, but many were arranged in a direction parallel to the plexus. The organization of the cells suggests that their contraction would exert a bi-directional force, and therefore, affect aqueous outflow resistance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820105
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  • 48
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    Substructure in rod photoreceptor membranesSupported in part by NIH Grant NS00284. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Frog retinae, fixed only in buffered glutaraldehyde, were embedded for sectioning in glutaraldehyde polymerized with urea. In suitably thin sections globular substructures were seen in negative contrast after ionic staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, or after staining with neutralized phosphotungstic acid. Efforts to extract at least some of the lipid from sections before ionic staining enhanced the visualization of the “globules.” Exposure to KMnO4 solution, used as an oxidative section stain, also outlined globular substructure in negative contrast, but with the additional feature that positively stained surface “leaflets” associated with the aqueous compartment were well defined. Staining sections with OsO4 vapor resulted in positively stained membranes, but without any evident substructure. However, when sections which previously had been exposed to OsO4 vapor were secondarily stained with uranyl acetate and/or lead citrate, positively stained globular substructures then were revealed.The globular substructures always were centered in the hydrophobic core region of the disc membranes, and symmetrically spanned the full thickness of this layer. The diameter of individual particles approximated 50-55 Å. Reasons are presented for the supposition that the evident globules incorporate at least hydrophobic components of rhodopsin molecules. Findings are discussed in relation to various models of disc membrane organization that have been proposed in recent years.
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    Observations on the fine structure of propylthiouracil-induced “brown degeneration” in the zona reticularis of mouse adrenal cortexThis research was supported by NIH grants GM 00459 and NS 00690, and the Veterans Administration Hospital, Tampa, Florida. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Propylthiouracil (6-propyl-2-thiouracil), an anti-thyroid agent, was fed to mice in a concentration equal to 0.1% of their diet for periods of 10 and 15 weeks. The cells of the inner zone of the adrenal cortex were examined with the electron microscope. In animals receiving propylthiouracil for ten weeks mitochondria were altered and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) showed a marked focal proliferation. In contrast to control animals rough endoplasmic reticulum was abundant and was frequently associated with the hyperplastic SER. After 15 weeks these alterations were no longer present but had been replaced by a spectrum of “brown degeneration.” The less affected cells were characterized by increased numbers of liposomes and lysosomes and the more affected cells by liposomal and mitochondrial degeneration. These observations emphasize that “brown degeneration” is a true degenerative process and not a spontaneous proliferation of ceroid pigment. It is suggested that the changes described may be directly related to an alteration in cholesterol metabolism.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830206
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  • 50
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    Vein size in intact and hysterectomized mice during the estrous cycle and pregnancy (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The diameters of the ovarian, uterine, and femoral veins and the inferior vena cava were measured during stages of the estrous cycle in intact and hysterectomized mice and at intervals during pregnancy in mice with embryos in both uterine horns or in only the left horn. At metestrus I vein sizes were the least and were not significantly different in intact and hysterectomized mice. Ovarian and uterine veins showed the same or increased diameters at other stages of the cycle; veins enlarged progressively during pregnancy in intact mice. Non-gravid uterine horns showed little size increase as compared to gravid horns. Increases in vein diameter appeared to be correlated with local production of reproductive hormones.Evidence for transuterine migration of embryos was observed in 21 of 53 mice in which one uterine tube had been ligated or one ovary had been removed.
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    The fine structure of the myoneural junctions in the body wall muscles in Branchiobdella pentodonta whit. (Annelida, oligochaeta) (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 91-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the myoneural junctions in the body wall muscles has been studied in Branchiobdella pentodonta Whit. A single junctional type has been found. Within the terminal axon there are two types of vesicles, which differ in number, size and electron opacity. The junctional gap contains the basement membrane. The post-junctional membrane displays concave patches on which slender projections arising from the outer lamina of the sarcolemma extend into the junctional gap. These concave patches overlie a cytoplasmic lamina made up of electron dense material.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820110
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    16α-hydroxy-progesterone as a sex hormone antagonist: Effect on venous diameters in the female mouse (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pellets of progesterone plus 1 % 16α-hydroxy-progesterone (16α-OH), testosterone plus 1 % 16α-OH, and estradiol-17β plus 1 % 16α-OH were implanted in the right uterine fat mass in ovariectomized (O) and ovariectomized-hysterectomized (OH) mice. Three weeks later they were killed and the diameters of the ovarian, uterine, and femoral veins and the inferior vena cava were measured and averaged. The averages were compared with averages for O and OH mice bearing pellets of glass and of progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol-17β without 16α-OH. It is concluded that in castrate mice the size of ovarian and uterine veins is influenced not by the presence or absence of the uterus but by sex steroids, that progesterone usually causes decreases while testosterone and estradiol-17β cause increases in vein diameter, and that both the presence of the uterus and the administration of 1 % 16α-OH are associated with partial inhibition of increases in vein size induced by steroids. Uterine hypertrophy and urinary bladder distention resulting from the administration of testosterone and estradiol-17β were not prevented by the addition of 1 % 16α-OH.
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    Electron microscopy of the intestine of the african lungfish, Protopterus aethiopicus (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 71-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopic observations are reported on the intestine of the African lungfish, Protopterus aethiopicus. The lungfish has a spiral valve rather than a true stomach. Segments of mucosa from this area reveal, by transmission microscopy, that most cells have distinct striated borders with parallel microvilli. Fibrils within the core of the microvilli extend deeply into the cytoplasm. Microvilli on the surface of goblet cells are less regularly arranged than those of absorptive cells. Interspersed among the cells with striated borders are cells, similar in cytologic appearance except that they are covered with tufts of kinetocilia. By transmission electron microscopy, abnormal cilia having one complete complement of microtubules plus incomplete sets from other cilia which share some of the peripheral doublets of the complete cilium are enclosed by a single membrane. Cilia are usual in the intestine of many lower forms but ordinarily absent in higher vertebrates. Their functional significance in this primitive fish is unknown.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820109
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    Masthead (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820201
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    Hematopoiesis in the embryonic mouse spleen. II. Alterations after phenylhydrazine administration to the mothers (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 123-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of phenylhydrazine (PHZ) on the hematopoietic events in the embryonic spleeen of C57Bl/6J mice was examined by light and electron microscopy. Following PHZ injections to the mothers, the embryonic spleen revealed a marked increase in erythroid precursors, with a shift to mature cells. This phenomenon was part of a more generalized stimulation of erythropoiesis, expressed by a shift to mature red cell precursors in the embryonic livers and an increase in the percentage of non-nucleated cells in the embryonic peripheral blood. Concomitantly stimulation of phagocytosis in the spleen of embryos in the early gestational days and increased vascularity were observed, and a later effect of granulocytopoietic stimulation. The effect on erythropoiesis in the embryonic spleen might be a sequence of erythropoietin stimulation, either in the mothers or the fetuses, due to anemia and hypoxia following PHZ injections.
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    Ultrastructure of the developing fetal hepatocyte of Macaca arctoides: A proposed model for studies of fetal drug metabolismAided in part by General Research Support grant 5 S01 RR05680-06. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 103-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the hepatocyte of the fetal stumptail monkey was examined with the aim of defining a possible model for studies of fetal drug metabolism. Hepatocytes from fetuses of 80 and 160 days gestation, as well as from one animal one week of postnatal age, were examined and compared to human fetal hepatocytes at 12 and 16 weeks gestation. Marked variation was observed in the amount of lipid and the distribution of organelles within the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte in the monkey population. These differences were attributed to genetic variation. Two changes were seen which correlated with developmental age. The amount of hemopoietic tissue decreased and the amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum increased as the animal matured. The problems of genetic variation and the relative number of hepatocytes at different stages of development were discussed relative to the use of this animal as a model for fetal durg metabolism studies. Attention to both of these problems is considered necessary for the interpretation of biochemical data in future studies.
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  • 57
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    Dissection casts of the human brain (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 431-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple, inexpensive method of making accurate permanent casts of brain dissections is described. Dissected brain preparations are used to produce silicone rubber molds. Methyl methacrylate is used to make the hard plastic models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830307
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    Morphogenesis of the carpal elements in the regenerating forelimb of adult Notophthalmus viridescens viridescensWork supported in part by Grant 011-7124A from The Research Foundation of State University of New York and by Grant RR 05402 (011-EO43C) from USPHS, General Research Support Branch. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 421-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study is concerned with the morphogenesis of the carpal elements in the regenerating forelimb of the adult newt. Blastema cells surrounding the remnant bony stumps begin to differentiate into cartilage on the twentieth post-amputation day. Subsequently, masses of cartilage build up from the radial and ulnar stumps. The radial mass is larger and differentiates more rapidly than the ulnar mass. By the fifty-fifth post-amputation day, the eight basic carpal elements are formed, with fusion of two of the units, intermedium with ulnare, occurring by the seventieth day. The complexed regenerate possesses the seven carpal elements characteristic of the normal adult limb. The present results show that during limb regeneration in the adult newt the carpal elements are restored to their original number and position and that the pattern of such carpal differentiation proceeds in a proximodistal direction influenced by the stump remnants of the radius and ulna.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830306
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    Skeletal effects of magnesium deficiency in normal, ovariectomized, and estrogen-treated rats (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 437-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of magnesium deficiency in ovariectomized and estrogen-treated rats were examined in histological sections of bones and various soft tissues. The changes observed in the femora of intact rats deprived of magnesium for three weeks were: 1. a general increase in diaphyseal thickness, 2. the presence of localized fibrous or bony-like masses in subperiosteal and metaphyseal sites, and 3. the occurrence, although rare, of endosteal hyperplasia. In ovariectomized, magnesium-deprived animals, the incidence and location of fibrous masses were similar to that in the femora of magnesium-deficient intact rats; however, no increase in diaphyseal thickness was noted. Daily injections of 25 μg estradiol caused a reduction of the frequency of skeletal hyperplasia from 80% to 20%, as well as a reduction in femoral diaphyseal thickness. Estradiol hormone administration also brought about a marked alleviation of the dermal and neural manifestations of magnesium deficiency, but, at the same time, caused an exacerbation of renal calcinosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830308
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    Specialized contacts of astrocytes with astrocytes and with other cell types in the spinal cord of the catSupported by USHEW Grant NS 00690-20. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 255-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adult and half grown healthy male and female cats were used in this study. The white and gray matter of the dorsolateral region in the upper lumbar levels of the spinal cord were examined by electron microscopy after fixation by aldehyde perfusion and commonly used methods of embedding, sectioning and staining. The report is limited to description and illustration of specialized junctions of astrocytes. In addition to previously described astrocyte-astrocyte gap junctions, astrocytes are connected by gap junctions to oligodendroglia cells and to neurons. Astrocytes also are connected with each other and with neurons by junctions characterized by wide (250 Å) gaps containing opaque gap material and by dense material adhering to the inner surfaces of the plasma membranes. The results suggest a morphological basis for adhesion and intercommunication between all adult derivatives of the embryonic neural tube.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820209
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    Correspondence of silver nitrate staining patterns in decalcified bone with the microradiographic image (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A procedure for differential staining of decalcified bone with silver nitrate showed major histological features which appeared to correspond closely to microradiographic images. The extent to which this is actually the case was investigated directly by preparing microradiographs of ground sections of baboon and dog radii and then decalcifying and staining the same sections. The many detailed similarities indicate that this staining procedure is a useful adjunct to microradiography. Thus, poorly mineralized osteons or layers of circumferential lamellae are darker stained by silver nitrate, and the variably mineralized layers of circumferential lamellae are closely duplicated by light and dark bands in the stained sections. These similarities imply that there is a relationship between the mineral density of bone and some condition of the organic matrix which is probably related to maturation changes in the collagen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820210
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    Masthead (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820301
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    Scanning electron microscopy of a second type of supraependymal cell in the monkey third ventricleThis work supported by USPHS grants RR-05432 and GM-16598 from the National Institutes of Health and GSRF 171 funds from the University of Washington Graduate School. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 275-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The third ventricle of monkeys has been examined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Two populations of supraependymal (SE) cells were distinguished on the basis of morphology and location. One type has been previously reported (Coates, '72, '73a,b,c). Another, type 2 SE cell, is now described.Type 2 SE cells were found in the third ventricle of both sexes and in all age groups although the numbers varied highly from animal to animal. The most common site for type 2 SE cells was the floor and transition zone of the third ventricle. Visualized with SEM, these cells had variable morphology, but may be characterized by a small cell body, few non-branching processes some of which were flared and surface features such as ruffled membranes. Type 2 SE cells most likely correspond to Kolmer or epiplexus cells originally described in association with the choroid plexus. As such, they are probably phagocytes.
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  • 64
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    A region of mitochondrial division in the epithelium of the small intestine of the rat (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopic examination of samples from various regions of the rat small intestine was carried out. The number of mitochondria in the epithelial cells was estimated. The counts were made in sections of cells cut along their longitudinal central plane. The errors involved in extrapolating these counts to the whole cells were also estimated.The average mitochondrial number per cell section was 21 in the lower third of the crypts, it gradually increased in the mid and upper thirds and reached about double, 42, at the villus base. The known forms of dividing mitochondria were identified in the mid and upper third of the crypts. The counts remained around 42 along the epithelium of the villi.Crypt cells are continually produced in the lower crypt; these cells migrate to the villi while differentiating into nonproliferative absorptive cells. After inhibiting mitosis by methotrexate, this migration continued (Altmann, 1974) and mitochondrial division persisted. In segments of the jejunum isolated surgically from the functional intestine for three weeks, mitosis and cell migration continued, but no evidence of mitochondrial duplication was found.Each mitochondrion probably undergoes a division as the crypt cells migrate from the mid-crypts to the villus. As a result, the villus epithelial cells contain double numbers of mitochondria. It appears that the mitochondrial division is not directly related to mitosis and is elicited by a stimulus present only in the functional intestine.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820303
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  • 65
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    Distribution of lumbar and sacral afferent axons in submucosa of cat urinary bladderSupported by U.S.P.H.S. Grant NS06055. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 579-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lumbar and sacral afferent axons in the submucosa of the urinary bladder were recognized by degeneration in seven cats subjected to spinal ganglionectomies. Of 2,935 observed terminating axon profiles, 145 were found degenerating. Lumbar afferent axons were 3.7 times more numerous than sacral afferent axons in the submucosa, a reversal of the ratio reported for the muscle coat of the bladder. Sacral afferent axons were evenly distributed to different regions of the bladder, but lumbar afferents were concentrated in the bladder neck. Apparent endings in the submucosa of the urinary bladder were principally free nerve endings. Synaptic vesicles were found in 57% of observed terminating axon profiles. The bladder neck had more terminating axon profiles of all kinds than other regions of the urinary bladder.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830408
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  • 66
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    The effect of ruthenium red and concanavalin A on the vitelline surface of fertilized and unfertilized rabbit ova (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 95-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fertilized and unfertilized rabbit ova were exposed to ruthenium red with the zona intact or after machanical removal, for the demonstration of mucopolysaccharides on the surface coat. Ova were also exposed to Concanavalin A. Ruthenium red bound strongly to elements of the zona and increased the opacity of the plasmalemma. There was no notable change in staining of the vitellus following fertilization. Although there were ruthenium red stained bodies resembling cortical granules in crypts in the plasmalemma, there was no evidence for cortical granule extrusion of mucopolysaccharides. The Concanavalin reaction was seen over both unfertilized and fertilized ova, demonstrating receptors for terminal α-D-mannopyranosyl, α-D-glycopyranosyl, β-D-fructofuranyosyl residues. The deposit on the fertilized egg surface was enormously enhanced indicating a change in the distribution of receptor sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810108
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  • 67
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    Ultrastructural and histochemical study of the adrenal medulla in normal and cold-stressed syrian hamsters (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 113-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of 24 and 48 hours' cold stress on the hamsters' adrenomedullary follicles and on the medullary ATPase activity was studied by light and electron microscopy. Only norepinephrine cells were depleted after this stress, and exocytosis seemed to be the mechanism involved in the release of catecholamine. Follicles containing these cells expanded and their lumina became narrow. A few other cellular and follicular changes also occurred and are described.ATPase activity was apparent in control organs along the endothelial linings, in neural elements and macrophages, and in approximately 40% of the linings of follicular lumina. Cold stress did not alter this pattern.These results have been compared with previous findings and the possible functions of the follicular lumina are discussed. It is concluded that they are unlikely sites for catecholamine storage or release.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810109
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  • 68
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    Localization of cells retaining 3H-estradiol in the forebrain of rabbitsThis work has been supported by a grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, HD-5865. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 287-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ovariectomized rabbits received 3H-estradiol via an ear vein and were killed one hour later. Autoradiograms were prepared and exposed up to six months. Labeled cells, as indicated by many silver grains over the nucleus of a neuron, were found in many nuclei of the brain. Thus, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis had labeled cell bodies. The stria terminalis leads into the medial preoptic area where great numbers of cells concentrated the estrogen. Farther into the hypothalamus the labeled cells were numerous in the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei. Other locations with labeled cells were the lateral septal nucleus and nucleus accumbens septi, the periventricular preoptic nucleus, anterior hypothalamic nucleus, nucleus supraopticus diffusus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus, and premammillary nucleus. The labeled cells could be followed into the central gray surrounding the aqueduct of Sylvius. The amygdaloid nuclei, and in particular the medial amygdaloid nucleus, had labeled cells as did the most ventral posterior part of the hippocampal cortex. The results are discussed in comparison with those in the rat, and with reference to physiologic data.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810209
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  • 69
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    American association of anatomists. Eighty eighth annual session, University of California Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Los Angeles, California (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 293-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810210
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  • 70
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    Masthead (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810301
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  • 71
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    The effects of various fixative-buffer combinations on lung fine structureThis study was supported by NIH grant HL 15316. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 545-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A variety of fixatives, buffers and fixation procedures were compared in rat and squirrel monkey lung in an attempt to preserve optimally both the cytologic details of pulmonary parenchyma as well as the acellular alveolar lining layer. In initial experiments utilizing the fixative of Ito and Karnovsky ('68), an electron-dense deposit was observed on the alveolar surface. Experiments were carried out in an attempt to determine what component of this fixative was responsible for the reaction product observed. In addition, immersion fixation of tissue blocks was compared to the whole lung fixation method of Kikkawa ('70). Kikkawa ('70) achieved excellent preservation of the acellular alveolar lining layer by such a fixation technique.In all lungs examined, whenever a phosphate buffer was utilized with primary aldehyde fixation, an electron-dense precipitate was observed on the luminal surfaces of the type I and II pulmonary epithelial cells. Additional sites of reaction product were pinocytotic vesicles of the type I cells and membranous arrays within the alveolar lumen. Such deposits were never observed when a sodium cacodylate buffer was used. No such granules were observed in areas of lung where the acellular alveolar lining layer had been preserved.The implications of these findings with regard to lung histochemical procedures and the possible relationship of these phosphate buffer-dependent granules to the surfactant system are discussed.
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    A comparison of secondary palate development with different in vitro techniquesThis investigation was supported by NIH research grant DE 02668 and DE 02863 from the National Institute of Dental Research and by NIH grant RR 05333 from the Division of Research Facilities and Resources. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 711-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Palatal processes from 14-day fetal C57BL mice were cultured under varying conditions for 48 hours and prepared for light and electron microscopy. Disruption of the epithelium along the medial border occurred when single palatal processes were explanted onto Millipore filters, plasma clots, or lens paper in subjacent contact with nutrient medium. Paired processes under the same culture conditions demonstrated typical midline epithelial disruption and mesenchymal fusion. Regions of mesenchymal necrosis occurred in processes growth on nutrient agar in a dish or submerged in nutrient medium. In similar cultures medial epithelial disruption did not occur in single processes and mesenchymal fusion of paired processes was either delayed or did not occur. Disruption of the epithelium along the medial border in single palatal processes, and mesenchymal fusion in paired palatal processes, occurred when palates weregrown on nutrient agar supported above but in contact with nutrient medium. The results indicated that responses of palatal epithelium and mesenchyme may be altered by different in vitro procedures. These observations emphasize that many factors must be considered in interpreting developmental changes in palatal processes grown in vitro.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810404
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    On the development of the lymphoid follicles of the bursa of fabricius (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 735-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The structural features of the development of the bursa of Fabricius in white Leghom chick embryos are depicted at carefully timed intervals during embryogenesis, with emphasis on the sequence of events between the ninth and twelfth days of incubation. The direction and character of the migration of lymphoid cell precursors and granulocytes from the intravascular space to intraepithelial sites, where the formation of the primitive lymphoepithelial nodule takes place, is demonstrated. The mechanism of the mode of migration of these cells through the stromal epithelial interface is described and illustrated with electron micrographs and their role in the development of the primitive lymphoid follicles is described and discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810406
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    Permeability barriers to cytochrome-c in nerves of adult and immature rats (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 755-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nerves in the tongues of adult and immature rats were examined with respect to their permeability to exogenous cytochrome-c (mol wt 12,000) injected into the tongue. The distribution of cytochrome-c was determined in cryostat sections on the basis of the peroxidase activity of this protein. Nerves of 14-day-old rats were permeable to injected cytochrome-c. The larger nerves of older animals showed only localized accumulations of cytochrome-c reaction product both between and within axons adjacent to endoneurial blood vessels. Reaction product was not found, however, in association with blood vessels penetrating nerves of the tongue that were not within the limits of tracer spread. In the smallest nerve branches, thin linear strands of reaction product filled the interstices between the nerve fibers.
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    A simple, single-injection method for inducing long-term paralysis in embryonic chicks, and preliminary observations on growth of the tibia (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 767-777 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method for inducing paralysis in embryonic chicks is described. This involves single injections of the neuromuscular blocking agents, D-tubocurarine Chloride or decamethonium iodide, into 10-day embryos. The dose which optimises survival and paralysis is determined along with the effect of the drugs on embryonic growth. Decamethonium iodide at a dose of 1 mg per embryo gave maximum survival and paralysis to 18 days of incubation. Paralysis was assessed by observation of treated embryos in ovo and by examination of embryos removed from their shells between 11 and 18 days of incubation. Embryos were completely paralysed 24 hours post-injection and remained paralysed until 18 days of incubation. Paralysed embryos failed to hatch. Development of the leg musculature was severely retarded in paralysed embryos. This method of inducing paralysis has considerable advantages over previous continuous infusion methods. The growth and collagen content of the tibia in the paralysed embryos was reduced and these results, and other applications of the method, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    The blood-brain barrier of the rat choroid plexusThis study was supported in part by the Michael R. Gitelson Cancer Research Fund. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 779-789 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Following intravenous injection, cytochrome c traverses the capillary endothelium of the rat choroid plexus and permeates the perivascular space and the extracellular space between epithelial cells. The tracer is incorporated into pinocytotic vesicles adjacent to the lateral and basal plasmalemmas. There-after, cytochrome c is incorporated into multivesicular and dense bodies. Tracerladen vesicles were not found to fuse with the apical plasmalemma and cytochrome c was not discharged into the cerebral ventricles. Acid phosphatase activity of the choroidal epithelium after the administration of cytochrome c was greatly increased and localized in the same intracellular sites shown for cytochrome c. These data suggest that cytochrome c and possibly other proteins that penetrate the choroidal stroma are taken up by the choroidal epithelium and subsequently degraded in lysosomal vesicles. This heterolytic mechanism may be an important means for preventing the entry of certain substances such as proteins into CSF and subsequently into nervous tissue.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810409
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  • 77
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    Hyperglycemia in the NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mouseSupported in part by Grants-in-Aid from the American Heart Association-Northwest Ohio Affiliate and from General Research Support Grant 5 SO 1 RR-05700-03 from the United States Public Health Service. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 415-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Both the NZW and NZB mice exhibit an elevated fasting blood sugar level when compared to Swiss white mice. The NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mouse shows still a higher fasting serum glucose level than either of its parental strains. This elevated glucose level is noted very early in the animals' life, long before definitive signs or symptoms of pathology are evident, and remains elevated at least until the fortieth week of life, the last testing period in our series before sacrificing the animals. There are two major peaking periods for the glucose levels, namely at 4-10 weeks of age and then again at 31-40 weeks of age. These age periods correspond to the very young animal and to the animal that is beyond its prime and most likely sick and near the end of its lifespan due to the animals' inherent disease processes. The NZB and NZB/NZW F1 hybrid succumb to their disease processes at approximately 8-10 months of age. The NZW usually lives until 18 months.The questions are raised: does the altered immunologic state in the NZB and/or the NZB/NZW F1 hybrid produce the elevated blood sugar levels and the pancreatic histopatholgy or is it the early hyperglycemic condition coupled with pancreatic pathology which are in some measure instrumental in producing the lesions discussed and observed, in the beginning of the three to four month period of age, in the various organs? Is there a relationship between the hyperglycemic condition and the immune state or are these independent phenomena in a genetically “mixed up” mouse?
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820403
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    Acute effects of ACTH on dissociated adrenocortical cells: Quantitative changes in mitochondria and lipid dropletsThis work was supported by NIH grants FR 05576 and AM 16833. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To study the role of certain organelles in steroidogenesis, dissociated rat adrenocortical cells were incubated for two hours with ACTH at a concentration that induces a high level of steroid production. Sections of ACTH treated and untreated cells were photographed in the electron microscope, and morphometric analysis was undertaken to assess possible ACTH-induced changes in total cell volume, volume density and numerical density of lipid droplets and mitochondria.There was no change in total cell volume. Lipid droplet volume density and numerical density decreased. Mitochondrial volume density did not change, but numerical density increased.The decrease in lipid droplet volume density indicates a rapid depletion of cholesterol for steroid production. This depletion is almost entirely due to the disappearance of lipid droplets, rather than to an overall diminution in their size, as shown by the decrease in lipid droplet numerical density. The mitochondrial data suggest that the adrenocortical cell has an adequate mitochondrial apparatus to respond to acute ACTH stimulation with increased steroid output without an increase in mitochondrial volume.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Limitations to the neuroregulation of enzymes in mammalian skeletal muscle (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 479-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Muscle fibers of the sternomastoid and the tongue of the rat were characterized histochemically according to mitochondrial distribution (succinic dehydrogenase), as well as reactivity for the alkali- and acid-stabile “myofibrillar” adenosine triphosphatases. The principal fiber types of the sternomastoid were the large, “white” AαβM fibers and the smaller, “intermediate” BβD and “red” CαL fibers (figs. 1, 2, 3). The unusual musculature of the tongue was populated by diminutive AαM and CαM fibers, and variants thereof; all with relatively high mitochondrial content (figs. 4, 5, 6).Reinnervation of the sternomastoid muscle by the hypoglossal nerve caused most fibers of the sternomastoid to assume histochemical profiles reminiscent of those commonly observed in the tongue. However, the BβD fibers of the sternomastoid persisted in near usual numbers and disposition (fig. 17), despite their reinnervation by a nerve normally destined for a muscle lacking that particular fiber type. Thus, there are as yet unrecognized factors, possibly of neural origin, though more likely of muscle origin (genetic), that impose restrictions on the metabolism-regulating functions of substitute motoneurons.
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    Structure of rat bile canaliculi as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 499-513 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bile canaliculi in the rat liver have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. They appear as half tubules carved out of the hepatocytes' surface. In several cases the bile channel bifurcates to form two or three long branches running on the same face of the cell. Therefore, by SEM it seems obvious that the same side of an hepatocyte may be used for bounding two or more bile canaliculi.Some bile canaliculi display a flexuous course and show lateral sacculations. Some of them are large and apparently similar to the short lateral branches of the bile canaliculus; others are smaller and arise obliquely from the subjacent cortical areas of the hepatocyte cytoplasm. These latter structures are best observed in stereo-views in which they appear as narrow intracellular projections bordered with a few microvilli, actually opening into the lumen of the bile canaliculus. The SEM results suggest that these sacculations probably correspond to short intracellular branches of the bile canaliculi.Zones of minimal distance (0.1 μ) between the space of Disse and the bile channel have been frequently observed. They are actually the zones where the intercellular clefts arising from the subendothelial space of Disse come into closest contact with the bile canaliculus and might serve as sites of simple diffusion of substances.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820408
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    Mitochondrial pleiomorphism in sustentacular cells of Xenopus laevis (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mitochondrial population of sustentacular cells in the testis of the amphibian, Xenopus laevis, has been examined by electron microscopy. Three distinct types of mitochondria have been observed. The first and most common mitochondrial type is a “typical” organelle with a rod-like profile containing tubular to plate-like cristae. The second mitochondrial form is characterized externally by irregular bulbous protrusions and internally by increased numbers of tubular cristae. The third mitochondrial type, which is usually ovoid in profile, has the most unusual internal membrane configuration, consisting of pleated folds pierced by regular rows of fenestrations. Mitochondrial type one is found in all sustentacular stages, mitochondrial type two first appears in sustentacular cells surrounding early spermatids, and mitochondrial type three is observed only in sustentacular cells surrounding spermatozoa. These observations indicate that discrete subclasses of mitochondria are present in sustentacular cells of Xenopus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820106
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    The development of the granular convoluted duct in the rat submandibular gland (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The development of the granular convoluted duct in the submandibular gland of male rats, 4 to 12 weeks of age, was investigated. During this period, the average weight of the gland increased from 213 to 526 mg, the total DNA and RNA contents doubled, and the protein content tripled. Radioautographs were prepared from Epon embedded sections of the gland of the rats given 3H-thymidine and stained with toluidine blue. The glands of 4-week-old rats consisted mainly of acinar cells (45%), intercalated ductal cells (20%) and striated ductal cells (16%). A few granular convoluted ductal cells were seen in the striated duct close to the intercalated duct. The frequency (and absolute number) of granular convoluted ductal cells increased linearly from 1% (3 × 106) at four weeks to 26% (68 × 106) at eight weeks, while the calculated number of striated ductal cells remained stationary. The absolute number of acinar cells and intercalated ductal cells nearly doubled between four to eight weeks of age. The proliferative activity of all cell types declined with age but between six and ten weeks of age the rate of proliferation of ductal cells was relatively higher than the rate of proliferation of the acinar cells. Morphologically the size and number of granules in the granular convoluted ductal cells increased with age. Based on the above data it is concluded that the granular convoluted ductal cells developed from that segment of the striated ductal cells which is in close proximity with the intercalated ductal cells. The heterogeneity of the granules in the granular convoluted ductal cells observed from six weeks of age might denote the functional diversity of the cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    The effect of strontium, cobalt and fluoride on rat incisor enamel formationThis study was supported in part by grant PHS DE03312 from the National Institute for Dental Research. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 303-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This investigation examined ultrastructurally the entire period of development of alterations in formative ameloblasts and the enamel which they produce following injection with fluoride, strontium, and cobalt ions. Rats injected with these ions were sacrificed at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours to elucidate the sequence and detail of cytologic and cell product alterations which occur. Undecalcified sections of rat incisor teeth were studied using electron microscopy and microradiography. All three ions initially produced disturbances in cell morphology and enamel formation consisting of dark globules, vacuoles, and pooling of stippled material on the enamel surface. While a period of decreased crystal formation occurred after injection with all three ions, only cobalt responses included a period of apparently complete absence of crystal formation. The hypermineralized layers occurring in the altered enamel are attributed to changes in the rate of enamel matrix formation and duration of its exposure to tissue fluids. Morphologic changes in Tomes' process were observed at the time of formation of abnormal enamel following injection of all three ions. These observations are compared with previous studies of altered enamel formation and analyzed with the goal of learning more about the mechanisms of amelogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830207
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    Ultrastructural studies on postnatal differentiation of neurons in the substantia gelatinosa of rat cervical spinal cordThis work has been presented at the Annual meeting of the American Association of Anatomists, Dallas 1972.Supported in part by the Medical Research Council of Canada, National Cancer Institute of Canada and University of Manitoba - Grant-in-Aid. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 323-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuroblasts of the substantia gelatinosa at birth were small with large oval nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. The cytoplasm possessed ribosomes and mitochondria. Granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes were generally absent or rudimentary. Electron dense bodies were seldom observed. By the end of the first week, the nuclei of several cells demonstrated early nuclear invaginations; cytoplasm exhibited growth cones, a well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes. At several points the channels of endoplasmic reticulum became continuous with the perinuclear space. By the end of the second week, differentiation of the neuroblasts was more advanced. More nuclei showed invagination of their contour. The cytoplasm revealed well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and multiple Golgi complexes. Numerous vesicles and dense bodies were found adjacent to the Golgi complexes. Arrays of agranular endoplasmic reticulum also appeared late in the second week. By the third week, features of neuronal differentiation, such as nuclear invaginations, granular endoplasmic reticulum, agranular membrane configurations, multiple Golgi complexes and dense bodies in the cytoplasm became well established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830208
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    Masthead (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830301
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    Scanning electron microscopy of epithelia prepared by blunt dissectionThis investigation was supported by USPHS grant GM-06965 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and in part by USPHS grant GM 46035 (M.M.M.). Preliminary reports of this work have been presented at the 7th Annual Scanning Electron Microscopy Meeting in Chicago, Illinois (Miller and Revel, 1974) and in a Symposium on Cell Surface Topography at the 87th meeting of the American Association of Anatomists (Ito, 1974). (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 339-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Simple dissection techniques of samples to be examined in the scanning electron microscope allow one to visualize easily the three-dimensional shape of epithelial cells in situ. Such preparations reveal a complex system of ridges and folds on the lateral surface of the cells whose intricacy can best be appreciated with SEM. In many epithelia there is a smooth apical band which corresponds to the region occupied by the junctional complex previously identified with conventional EM techniques. The secretion of chylomicra that result from a fatty meal can be observed. It is possible to study the distribution of concanavalin A binding sites on the lateral surfaces of the cells utilizing hemocyanin as a marker. In the case of the proximal tubule epithelium, the apical cell surface has many more binding sites than the lateral cell surface and there is a sharp demarcation at the level of the apical band. After blunt dissection the relationship of the basal surface of the cells with the basement lamina and the basement membrane can be appreciated as well. Possible physiological meaning of the morphological features observed is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830209
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  • 87
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    Chondroitin sulfate and electron lucent bodies in the pericellular rim about unshrunken hypertrophied chondrocytes of chick long bone (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 359-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Direct observation of unstained, 1 mm thick blocks of fresh epiphyseal cartilage from tibia of 15- and 18-day-old chick embryos revealed shrunken chondrocytes on its cut surfaces but unshrunken chondrocytes deep within the tissue blocks. The unshrunken hypertrophied chondrocytes are rimmed with refractile substance identified as chondroitin sulfate removable with hyaluronidase. This substance is stained metachromatically red with toluidine blue, and is stained with ruthenium red and with ruthenium red-OsO4. The latter, observed with the electron microscope, is present as an electron dense rim, specifically about the unshrunken, hypertrophied chondrocytes between the plasma membrane and lacunar wall. By rendering the chondroitin sulfate electron dense with RR-OsO4, electron lucent bodies (ELB) were revealed specifically about the hypertrophied chondrocytes. The ELB contain an electron dense core with radiating fibrils. The content and source of ELB, also found in the intercellular matrix, are not known. The 0.1% toluidine blue solution containing 0.2 m MgCl2 or 0.4% NaCl or KCl stained juxtanuclear clusters of granules metachromatically red. The location of intracellular granules was believed to represent a cluster of Golgi-derived vesicles. The pericellular metachromatic, RR-OsO4-positive rim is believed to be an accumulation of externalized juxtanuclear metachromatic granules. The possibility that the ELB may also be externalized content of Golgi vesicles was entertained.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830302
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    Transmission and scanning electron microscope studies of calcified cartilage resorption (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 373-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The authors' previous report (Savostin-Asling and Asling, 1973) demonstrated that Meckel's cartilage is a favorable site for study of calcified cartilage resorption. In the present study the ultrastructural features at this resorption front have been examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopes (19-day rat fetus). Multinucleated giant cells (chondroclasts) dominated the erosion front. The many features which they showed in common with osteoclasts included abundant mitochondria, vacuolation, lysosomes, sparsity of roughsurfaced endoplasmic reticulum, and deep infoldings at loci of contact with calcified matrix. Crumbling of matrix (with mineral crystals penetrating between these foldings) and fragmentation of collagen fibrils were also seen. The propensity of chondroclasts for spanning several opened lacunae provided special opportunity to demonstrate cell surface modifications in presence or absence of matrix contact. Ameboid processes extending into lacunae were seen by both transmission and scanning procedures; they were sometimes tipped with a veil of filamentous processes as small as 0.3 μm in diameter. Most hypertrophic chondrocytes, when released from lacunae, appeared to be disintegrating. However, in accord with previous evidence of their possible merger with chondroclasts (in light microscopic studies) there was also evidence for breakdown of cell walls between a chondroclast and a chondrocyte in intimate contact, with possibility of cytoplasmic continuity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830303
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    Kinetics of pulmonary epithelial proliferation during prenatal growth of the mouse lungSupported by Grant CA-14874 of the National Institutes of Health. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 393-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Autoradiographic methods were used to analyze cell kinetics in peripheral epithelium of the fetal mouse lung, days 15-18. The 3H labeling index decreased in proportion to increases in fetal lung and body weight from day 15 to day 18. Cell-cycle determination estimated from the percent of labeled metaphases at intervals after 3H thymidine injection showed the shortest cell-cycle time (12.25 hours) on day 15 during the precenal stage of growth. Total cycle time (Tc) increased by approximately one hour on each subsequent day. Between days 15 and 16 Tc increased due to a 1-hour increase in the post mitotic interphase (G1); thereafter increases in Tc could be ascribed almost entirely to lengthening of the DNA synthetic period. A comparison of cell-cycle time in central and peripheral tubules of the same lungs on day 15 showed a slower cell cycle in the central tubules than in the peripheral branches. An estimate of the growth fraction (GF) on each day based on calculated and observed cell-cycle times showed that GF was 1 on days 15 and 16, decreasing to 0.69 on day 17 and 0.27 on day 18. Thus cell-cycle time increases with lung maturation and it increases from peripheral to central zones of the bronchial tree. The greater part of the observed decline in growth rate as the prenatal phase of growth is completed was due largely to a decrease in the fraction of cells in the cell cycle.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830304
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    Morphological studies on the synthesis of secretory granules in convoluted tubules of mouse submandibular gland (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 405-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The synthesis of zymogen-like secretory granules in convoluted tubules of mouse submandibular gland (SMG) was investigated by histometry, light microscopy and electron microscopy. In normal males secretory granules in the SMG increased greatly from 25 days after birth and reached a maximum level 50 days after birth. Castration of adult male mice markedly decreased the level, but it was completely restored by testosterone administration. A parallel was found between change in the granule level and the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in the convoluted tubular cells during development or after various treatments. Development of the Golgi apparatus was also observed in the cells when the granules increased. Both the increase in the granules and in the RER induced by testosterone were prevented by actinomycin D or puromycin. These results indicate that the granule contents are synthesized on the RER under the control of testosterone, and then condensed in the Golgi apparatus.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830305
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    Changes in numbers of acidophilic and basophilic connective tissue granulated cells in the intestine of the rat during the estrous cycleThis project was supported in part by National Science Foundation GB 7178. Journal Series no. 7301 of the Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 449-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Changes in physiological reproductive states of female Long-Evans hooded rats were directly correlated with changes in the concentration of acidophilic and basophilic connective tissue granulated cells in the lamina propria of the duodenum. Acidophilic granulated cell numbers were significantly higher at estrus and metestrus than at other stages of the estrous cycle or in the immature state. Acidophilic granulated cell numbers during pregnancy were not significantly different from cell numbers quantified during metestrus, diestrus, or proestrus, but were significantly lower than cell numbers during estrus. Late lactation (21-25 days) was associated with significant decreases in the numbers of acidophilic granulated cells from numbers observed during the estrous cycle and during pregnancy. Basophilic granulated cell numbers did not differ significantly during the estrous cycle, although the highest numbers were observed during proestrus. Basophilic granulated cell numbers were significantly higher during pregnancy than during the estrous cycle. Basophilic granulated cell counts in late lactation were comparable to numbers quantified in estrus, metestrus, and diestrus, but were significantly lower than during proestrus and pregnancy.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830309
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    Lipid droplet accumulation in cardiac muscle cells of the bat: Potential auto-toxicity of the cardiac sympathetic innervation (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 149-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The previously described ability of reserpine and parachlorophenylalanine to induce the accumulation of lipid droplets in ventricular cardiac muscle cells of the bat was investigated. Lipid droplet accumulation was assessed qualitatively by light microscopy and quantitatively by morphometric analysis of electron micrographs. An hypothesis that the action of the drugs was an indirect one, mediated by the cardiac adrenergic innervation, was framed and tested. Lipid droplet accumulation occurred during a time of intense sympathetic activity, that of arousal from hibernation. The ability of the two drugs to produce the effect was antagonized by prior sympathectomy with 6-dopamine. The effect was mimicked by administration of exogenous norepinephrine together with inhibitors of its catabolic enzymes, monoamine oxidase and catechol-omethyl transferase. These observations are all consistent with the initial hypothesis and raise the possibility that endogenous norepinephrine in the cardiac sympathetic innervation might be, at least potentially, auto-toxic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810202
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    Structural modifications of lutein cell gap junctions during pregnancy in the rat and the mouseThis investigation was supported by Grants HD-06822 to E.A.; Training Grant 5T01 GM 00406; Center Grant (HD06645) from the National Institutes of Health, the United States Public Health Service. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 171-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By use of lanthanum tracer and freeze-fracture procedures it was found that granulosa-lutein cells of the pregnant mouse and rat ovaries are connected by gap junctions and septate-like zones of contact. Lutein cell gap junctions enlarge and become partially internalized by the end of the first week of gestation. Expansion of the gap junction domain appears to be due initially to intercalation of particles along borders of small gap junctions devoid of smaller non-junctional particles. The number of gap junction lined processes appearing at the cell border increases concomitantly with hypertrophy of the lutein cell during the second week of pregnancy. Strands of particulate or grooved membrane emanate from the margin of larger gap junctions undergoing interiorization. Most large gap junctions are intimately associated with elements of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Spherical gap junctional profiles assume a deeper location in the lutein cell and may form concentric arrays by term while true surface gap junctions appear to fragment in the post-partum corpus luteum. The modifications observed are interpreted with respect to biogenesis of the gap junction and the hormonal control of lutein cell function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810203
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    Immunochemical staining of the rat adenohypophysis in organ cultureThis investigation was supported by National Institutes of Health Training Grant GM00312 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and U. S. Public Health Service Grant AM06918. A portion of this work was presented in abstract from at the 81st meeting of the American Association of Anatomists (Anat. Rec., 160: 436, 1968). This work was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The University of Michigan. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 131-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rat anterior pituitaries were cytologically studied following cultivation in organ culture, with and without the addition of hypothalamic and cortical extracts. Although five distinct cell types could be identified with classical stains in the uncultivated glands, the peroxidase-labeled antibody technique (using antibodies against STH, LTH, FSH, LH and TSH) showed that not all of the immune-specific cell types were being identified with the classical stains. This discrepancy was magnified following culture as chromophilic cells seen with classic stains decreased in number with an increase in culture time. The peroxidase technique, however, revealed that all cells remained constant in type and number regardless of time in culture. While the addition of either hypothalamic or cortical extract to the culture medium produced cytological alterations demonstrated by the classical dyes, the antibody technique showed no such alterations. Such a comparison of staining techniques emphasizes the hazards of relying solely on histological procedures to reveal the hormonal activity of the pituitary gland.
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    Proliferation of non-neuronal cells in spinal cords of irradiated, immature rats following transection of the sciatic nerve (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 181 (1975), S. 799-811 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Transection of a peripheral nerve not only elicits changes in the injured neurons but also results in an increase in non-neuronal cells, considered by most workers to be neuroglia, in the region of these neurons. Since studies in this laboratory have shown that the neuroglial population of spinal cords of immature rats can be reduced markedly by ionizing radiation, the present investigation was undertaken to determine if this reaction would occur in the irradiated spinal cord following transection of the sciatic nerve. In order to answer this question the sciatic nerve was sectioned unilaterally at 17 days of age (14 days post-irradiation). Sham-irradiated littermates served as controls. Light microscopic examination showed an increase in non-neuronal cells throughout the gray matter on the side of axotomy in spite of a decreased neuroglial population in the 2,000 R and 3,000 R groups. These cells were scattered in the neuropil or were adjacent to injured neuronal perikarya in the anterior horn. Qualitatively similar reactions occurred in the 500 R and 1,000 R groups and in shamirradiated controls. Whether the magnitude of response is the same in all groups is currently under investigation, as are questions dealing with the origins of the reactive cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091810411
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    Masthead (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820101
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    Electron microscopic localization of calcium in vascular smooth muscle (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 447-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Potassium pyroantimonate has been employed in this study to localize calcium in the vascular smooth muscle of the thoracic aorta of the rabbit. The pyroantimonate ion precipitates sodium, magnesium and calcium. Incubation of the isolated thoracic aorta in a high potassium bathing medium which does not contain sodium, magnesium or calcium depletes the tissue of sodium. Addition of 10.8 mM CaCl2 to the incubation medium results in welllocalized depositions of reaction product, presumably that of calcium pyroantimonate, in mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and at the plasma membrane. Some or all of these organelles may, therefore, play a vital role in the contractionrelaxation cycle of vascular smooth muscle.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820405
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    Development of the tibial tuberositySupported in part by the Crippled Children's Aid Society of New Haven, and presented at the annual meeting of the American Orthopaedic Association. San Francisco, California, June 11, 1974. (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 182 (1975), S. 431-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The tibial tuberosity develops by a concomitant, and juxtaposed, outgrowth of hyaline cartilage and ingrowth of fibrovascular tissue. During the fetal period this hyaline cartilage outgrowth is progressively distally displaced to become situated adjacent to the anterior portion of the tibial metaphysis. About four to six months post-natally a growth plate develops under the tibial tuberosity. This growth plate shows structural adaptations that permit accommodation of large tensile stresses. The growth plate of the tibial tuberosity has three distinct regions  -  (a) a zone of endochondral bone formation, (b) a zone of intramembranous bone formation through fibrocartilage, and (c) a zone of intramembranous bone formation through fibrous tissue.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091820404
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    Masthead (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830101
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    Life span of small lymphocytes in the thymolymphatic tissues of normal and thymus-deprived BALB/C mice (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Autoradiography and scintillation counting have been used after various schedules of 3H-thymidine injections to evaluate lymphocyte kinetics in normal and thymus-deprived BALB/C mice. The thymus was found to be an active production site of small lymphocytes, the majority of these cells having thymic residence times of three to five days. Peripheral lymphoid tissues - including spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches - were dominated by long-lived lymphocytes and produced very few small lymphocytes. Nearly identical percentages of long-lived lymphocytes with comparable grain counts were found in the peripheral tissues. In adult thymectomized animals, and in mice thymectomized and reconstituted with bone marrow cells following total body irradiation, percentages and lifespan of long-lived lymphocytes were found to be of the same order as in normal or sham-operated controls. It is concluded that T cells in the peripheral long-lived pool can be formed outside the thymus and that the bone marrow probably produces long-lived B lymphocytes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830108
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