Library

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 2020-2023
  • 1965-1969  (353)
  • 1950-1954
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (318)
  • Bone  (35)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 3 (1969), S. 103-105 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Mitochondrion ; Calcium ; Excretion ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 3 (1969), S. 327-339 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Density ; Analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une technique nouvelle, permettant l'analyse de la densité de faibles quantités de tissus calcifiés pulvérisés, est décrite. Cette technique utilise un analyseur électronique de taille de particules et de volume (»Compteur de Coulter«), pour déterminer les volumes relatifs des fractions pulvérisées, isolées par fractionnement densitométrique, après centrifugation dans des mélanges de solvants organiques. Certains des paramètres, responsables de la distribution densitométrique des poudres d'os, sont étudiés et la reproductibilité du fractionnement et de l'analyse est démontrée. L'application de cette méthode à l'os humain est illustrée par des résultats.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine neue Technik zur Bestimmung der Dichteverteilung von kleinen Mengen pulverisiertem Knochengewebe beschrieben. Für diese Technik wird ein Apparat zur elektronischen Messung von Partikelgröße und-Volumen (Coulter Counter) verwendet; damit wird das totale relative Volumen der pulverisierten Fraktionen bestimmt, die durch Aufteilung der verschiedenen Dichten mittels Zentrifugieren in Mischungen von organischen Lösungsmitteln isoliert werden. Einige der Parameter, welche die Dichteverteilung von Knochenpulver beeinflussen, wurden untersucht und die Reproduzierbarkeit der Fraktionierung und der Analysen aufgezeigt. Die Anwendung dieser Technik auf Proben von Menschenknochen wird veranschaulicht und die Resultate werden besprochen.
    Notes: Abstract A new technique for the density distribution analysis of small quantities of powdered hard tissues is described. The technique uses an electronic particle size and volume analyser (“Coulter Counter”) to determine the total relative volumes of the powder fractions isolated by centrifugal density fractionation in organic solvent mixtures. Some of the parameters controlling the density distributions of bone powders are examined and the reproducibility of the fractionation and analysis demonstrated. The application of this technique to human bone samples is illustrated and the results discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 3 (1969), S. 340-347 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Calcium ; Fluoride ; Ingestion ; compatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des expériences ont été faites sur le rat afin de tester les possiblités d'ingestion perorale simultanée de fluor (F) et de calcium (Ca) en proportions calculées pour traitement de certaines ostéopénies humaines. F sous forme de Na2PO3F et Ca sous forme de gluconate de calcium (CaGluc) n'influençaient pas l'un l'autre quant à l'utilisation par le squelette (fémur). Une viscosité élevée, produite par l'addition d'amidon ou de cellulose carboxyméthylée (CMC) à la solution ou dilution ingérée, augmentait l'utilisation du F même si CaGluc était remplacé par citrate de calcium, qui en soi avait un effet réducteur modéré sur l'utilisation du F. Le glycérophosphate de calcium réduisait fortement l'utilisation du F même en présence de CMC. L'utilisation du F comme NaF était fortement réduite par CaGluc, même en présence de CMC. Les concentrations testées de Na2PO3F, NaF ou CMC n'influençaient pas l'utilisation squelettique de Ca comme CaGluc.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Rattenexperimente mit markierten Substanzen durchgeführt, um die Auswirkung simultaner peroraler Gaben von Fluor (F) und von Calcium (Ca) zu prüfen, und zwar in einem Verhältnis, das für die Behandlung gewisser menschlicher Osteopenien berechnet wurde. Fluor in Form von Na2PO3F und Ca in Form von Calciumgluconat (CaGluc) interferieren gegenseitig nicht bei der Verwertung durch das Skelet (Femur). Eine hohe Viscosität der eingegebenen Lösung oder der Aufschlämmung, die durch Zusatz von Stärke oder Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) erzielt wurde, erhöhte die Verwertbarkeit von F sogar wenn CaGluc durch Calciumcitrat ersetzt wurde, welches die F-Verwertung leicht reduzierte. Calcium-glyzerophosphat verminderte die Fluoraufnahme in den Knochen stark, sogar in Anwesenheit von CMC. Die Verwertung von F als NaF war stark herabgesetzt durch CaGluc, selbst beim Vorhandensein von CMC. Die untersuchten Konzentrationen von Na2PO3F, NaF oder CMC hatten keinen Einfluß auf die Calciumaufnahme im Skelet in Form von CaGluc.
    Notes: Abstract Rat experiments with labelled compounds were carried out in order to test the possibilities of simultaneous peroral supply of fluorine (F) and calcium (Ca) in proportions calculated for treatment of certain human osteopenias. F in the form of Na2PO3F and Ca in the form of calcium gluconate (CaGluc) did not interfere with each other's utilisation by the skeleton (femur). A high viscosity produced by adding starch or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to the ingested solution or slurry increased the utilisation of F even when CaGluc was replaced by calcium citrate, which moderately reduced F utilisation. Calcium glycerophosphate strongly reduced F utilisation even in the presence of CMC. The utilisation of F as NaF was strongly reduced by CaGluc, even in the presence of CMC. The tested concentrations of Na2PO3F, NaF or CMC did not influence the skeletal utilisation of Ca as CaGluc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 94-100 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Acid ; Base equilibrium ; Acidosis ; Bone ; Resorption ; Metabolism ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'administration chronique de chlorure d ammonium à des rats adultes normaux, soumis à un régime contenant un taux approprié de vitamine D, provoque une ostéoporose. Celle-ci est provoquée par une perte de substance d'os et de minéral osseux, associée à l'augmentation de la résorption osseuse.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Chronische Verabreichung von Ammoniumchlorid an normale ausgewachsene männliche Ratten, die eine entsprechende Vitamin-D-haltige Diät erhalten, verursacht die Entwicklung einer Osteoporose. Die Osteoporose entsteht auf Grund eines Verlustes von Knochensubstanz und Knochenmineral, in Begleitung einer erhöhten Knochenresorption.
    Notes: Abstract Excessive administration of ammonium chloride to normal adult male rats receiving a diet adequate in vitamin D caused the development of osteoporosis. The osteoporosis was due to loss of bone substance and bone mineral associated with increased bone resorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 113-128 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Isotope ; Turnover ; Radiosodium ; Radiocalcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Après injection intraperitonéale de22Na, la rétention de l'isotope a été déterminée dans l'organisme entier de rasé et dans leur tissu osseux, pendant une période allant jusqu'à 650 jours. Contrairement au45Ca, qui est rapidement concentré dans l'os, puis lentement éliminé, la presque totalité du22Na absorbée par l'os le quitte avec une demie-période de 3–5.5 jours. Cependant, environ 5% de la charge squelettique présente une vitesse de mobilisation lente, avec une demie-période d'environ 700 jours. Etant donné que cette vitesse est comparable à celle de45Ca, il semble que la faible fraction de Na osseux fasse partie de la structure du cristal. Seuls deux des procédés expérimentaux utilisés ont un effet significatif sur la mobilisation du Na. Il s'agit de la consommation prolongée d'un régime pauvre en calcium et d'un changement de l'activité parathyroidienne. Une augmentation du Na alimentaire affecte l'augmentation de la vitesse de mobilisation du sodium dans son composé rapide, alors que le composé lent est peu ou pas affecté. Les calculs effectués, à partir de nos résultats, indiquent que, contrairement au calcium, le squelette ne sert pas de réservoir significatif pour le maintien du milieu liquide extracellulaire.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ratten erhielten intraperitoneal22Na, und die Retention dieses Isotopes wurde während einer Zeitspanne bis zu 650 Tagen im ganzen Körper und in den Knochen bestimmt. Im Gegensatz zu45Ca, welches sehr rasch von den Knochen aufgenommen und dann nur langsam abgegeben wird, verschwindet der größte Teil des vom Knochen aufgenommenen22Na in einer Halbwertzeit von 3–5,5 Tagen. Jedoch zeigen etwa 5% des Knochengerüstes einen sehr langsamen Turnover mit einer Halbwertzeit von ungefähr 700 Tagen. Da dieser Anteil jenem von45Ca vergleichbar ist, kann daraus geschlossen werden, daß diese kleine Fraktion des Na vom Knochen einen integralen Teil der Kristallstruktur ausmacht. Nur zwei der verschiedenen experimentellen Anordnungen, welche ausprobiert wurden, ergaben eine signifikante Wirkung auf den Na-Turnover im Knochen. Diese bestanden einerseits aus einer langzeitigen Verfütterung von Ca-armer Diät, andererseits aus einer Veränderung der Parathyreoidea-Aktivität. Eine Erhöhung der Na in der Nahrung beeinflußte die schnelle Komponente des Na-Turnover im Knochen; sie zeigte aber wenig bis keine Wirkung auf die langsame Komponente. Berechnungen aus unseren Resultaten lassen vermuten, daß — im Gegensatz zum Ca — das Skelet keine signifikante Reservoir-Funktion zur Erhaltung des Na in der extracellulären Flüssigkeit ausübt.
    Notes: Abstract Rats were given22Na intraperitoneally and the retention of the isotope was determined in whole body and in bone for periods up to 650 days. In contrast to45Ca, which is rapidly taken up by bone and then very slowly released, most of the22Na taken up by bone leaves, with a halftime of 3–5.5 days. However, about 5% of the skeletal burden exhibits a very slow turnover, with a half-time of about 700 days. Since this rate is comparable to that of45Ca, it is concluded that this small fraction of bone Na is an integral part of the crystal structure. Only two of the several experimental procedures which were tried produced a significant effect on bone Na turnover. These were prolonged feeding of a low calcium diet and a change in parathyroid activity. An increase in dietary Na affected the fast component of bone Na turnover, but there was little if any effect on the slow component. Calculations from our data suggest that, in contrast to Ca, the skeleton does not serve a significant reservoir function for the support of extracellular fluid Na.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 330-338 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Collagen ; Electric current ; Electrolysis ; Precipitation ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'effet du courant électrique sur la collagène soluble, en solution dans l'acide acétique dilué, a été étudié pour des voltages, variant de O à 25 volts. Au-dessus de 2,6 volts, la vormation des bandes collagéniques (définies dans ce travail) parait inversement proportionelle, dans le temps, au voltage appliqué. La formation des bandes parait liée au processus d'électrolyse. Les auteurs démontrent que les pH élevés se situent au niveau de la cathode et qu'ils sont suffisants pour induire une précipitation du collagène. Les résultats antérieurs, publiés dans la littérature, décrivant l'action de courant électrique implanté, sont interpretés en fonction du mécanisme étudié au cours de ce travail.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung eines elektrischen Stromes auf verdünnte essigsaure Lösungen von löslichem Kollagen wurde bei Spannungen zwischen O und 25 Volt untersucht. Über 2,6 Volt wurde die Bildung von Kollagenbanden (in der Arbeit näher beschrieben) beobachtet, und zwar nach Zeiten, die der angewandten Spannung entgegengesetzt proportional verliefen. Die Bandenbildung wird dem Elektrolyseprozeß zugeschrieben. Wir konnten zeigen, daß sich die hohen pH-Werte rund um die Kathode entwickelten und daß diese genügen, um die Kollagenfällung zu veranlassen. Die Natur dieses Vorganges ist solcher Art, daß erin vivo als Antwort auf durch Stress verursachte Biopotentiale nicht vorkommen kann. Der hier beschriebene Mechanismus erlaubt es, Literaturangaben über den Effekt von implantierten Spannungsquellen zu interpretieren.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of electric current on dilute acetic acid solutions of soluble collagen has been studied for impressed voltages of from 0 to 25 volts. Above 2.6 volts the formation of collagen bands (herein defined) were observed at times inversely proportional to the applied voltage. Band formation is attributed to the process of electrolysis. It has been shown that the high pH values are generated in the area of the cathode, and that they are sufficient to induce collagen to precipitate. The nature of the process is such that it cannot occurin vivo as a response to stress induced biopotentials. Reports in the literature describing the effect of implanted voltage sources are interpreted in terms of the mechanism described here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Resorption ; Osteocytes ; Lysosomes ; Collagenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 20-38 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcification ; Epiphyseal Cartilage ; Bone ; Electrolytes ; Organic matrices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un procédé de dissection a été mis au point pour permettre l'analyse zonale du cartilage de l'épiphyse des os de la jambe d'un foetus bovin. Des échantillons de tissu complet et lavé venant des différentes zones ont été analysés pour déterminer leur contenu en électrolyte et en constituants organiques, ainsi que pour leur densité, cendres et humidité. Les résultats ont montré que lorsque la quantité de cendres et la densité augmentaient, l'eau contenu dans le tissu diminuait. Les quantités de cendres dans les zones de cartilage en voie de calcification étaient plus grandes qu'il avait été. Quand elles étaient exprimées comme un pourcentage du poids sec, elles étaient les plus importantes dans le cartilage lavé calcifié que dans le autre zones. Au début de la minéralisation du cartilage, la quantité de Na (m moles/l de tissu frais) diminuait tandis que celles du Ca et du P inorganique augmentaient. Les niveaux de Mg augmentaient pendant que la calcification se poursuivait, mais seulement à une faction du taux du Ca et du P. Les rapports Ca/P inorganique étaient les plus grands dans le cartilage au repos (Cartilage non-différentié hyalin), suggérant un lien initiale entre Ca et les chrondromucoprotéines. Cependant, au début de la calcification, pendant la prolifération du cartilage les rapports Ca/P étaient beaucoup plus petits (ca. 1.50) mais augmentaient graduellement avec l'advancement de la minéralisation. Des changements importants survenaient dans la composition de la phase organique, pendant la calcification endochondrale. Comme il a été déterminé par l'analyse de l'hydroxyproline la quantité de collagéne diminuait progressivement pendant la calcification du cartilage, mais augmentait rapidement pendant la formation d'os. Comme il a été déterminé par l'analyse de l'héxosamine et du sulfute les chrondromucoprotéines étaient aux niveaux les plus éléves pendant la prolifération du cartilage et diminuaient constamment au cours de la calcification. Cependant, bien que la calcification était déja très avancée dans le cartilage hypertrophique, de grandes quantites de mucopolysaccharides étaient encore présentes. Les rapports sulfure/hhéxosamine montraient un léger déclin pendant les premiéres étapes de la calcification, mais augmentaient beaucoup pendant le cours de la minéralisation. Les quantités d'acide sialique étaient plus grandes dans le cartilage de l'épiphyse que dans le cartilage au repos ou dans l'os. Les lipides augmentaient rapidement pendant la calcification du cartilage, mais étaient très réduites dans l'os complètement formé. La signification de ces résultats est discutée.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Eine Seziermethode, die eine Schichten-Analyse der Beinepiphysenplatte von Rinderfeten erlaubt, wurde entwickelt. Proben vor und nach Waschen des Gewebes der verschiedenen Schichten werden untersucht in bezug auf Elektrolyte und organische Bestandteile, als auch in bezug auf Dichte, Aschengehalt und Feuchtigkeit. Die Resultate zeigten eine Zunahme des Aschengehaltes und der Dichte, während der Wassergehalt abnahm. Unerwartet hoch waren die Aschenwerte im in Verkalkung begriffenen Knorpel. Ausgedrückt in Prozent Trockengewicht, ergab gewaschener, verkalkter Knorpel den höchsten Wert aller Zonen. In den Frühstadien der Knorpelmineralisation nahm der Natriumgehalt (m Mol/l Frischgewebe) ab, während Ca und anorganischer P zunahmen. Mit fortschreitender Verkalkung erhöhte sich auch der Magnesium-Spiegel, allerdings nur zu einem Bruchteil des Ausmaßes, in welchem Ca und P zunahmen. Die höchsten Ca/P anorg. Verhältnisse wurden im Ruheknorpel (undifferenzierter hyaliner Knorpel) gefunden, was auf eine initiale Bindung von Ca durch Chondromucoproteine hinweist. Die Ca/P-Verhältnisse proliferierenden Knorpels waren jedoch bei Verkalkungsbeginn viel tiefer (ca. 1.50). Diese nahmen allerdings mit fortschreitender Mineralisierung stetig zu. In der endochondralen Verkalkungsphase fanden markante Veränderungen in der Zusammensetzung des organischen Anteils statt. Basierend auf der Hydroxyprolinanalyse nahm der Collagengehalt in der knorpeligen Verkalkungsperiode fortschreitend ab, während er jedoch bei der Knochenbildung rasch zunahm. Die an Hand von Hexosamin- und Schwefelanalysen bestimmten Chondromucoproteingehalte ergaben Höchstwerte im proliferierenden Knorpel und fielen stetig ab mit zunehmender Verkalkung. Trotz der im hypertrophischen Knorpel schon weit fortgeschrittenen Verkalkung waren immer noch große Mengen an Mucopolysacchariden vorhanden. Die Schwefel/Hexosamin-Verhältnisse zeigten eine minimale Abnahme in den frühen Verkalkungsphasen, nahmen jedoch markant zu bei fortschreitender Mineralisation. Der Sialinsäurespiegel war im Epiphysenknorpel, verglichen mit demjenigen des Ruheknorpels oder Knochens, erhöht. In der knorpeligen Verkalkungsphase nahmen die Lipide rasch zu, während jedoch die Werte des vollständig ausgebildeten Knochens stark vermindert waren. Die Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse wird besprochen.
    Notes: Abstract A dissection procedure has been devised to permit zonal analysis of the epiphyseal plate of fetal calf leg bones. Samples of whole and washed tissue from the various zones were analyzed for their content of electrolyte and organic constituents, as well as for density, ash and moisture. Results showed that as ash content and density increased, water content decreased. Ash levels in calcifying cartilage zones were unexpectedly high. When expressed as a percentage of dry weight, washed calcified cartilage had the highest content of any zone. In the early stages of the mineralization of cartilage, Na content (mmoles/l of fresh tissue) decreased as Ca and inorganic P increased. Magnesium levels increased as calcification proceeded, but only at a fraction of the rate of Ca and P. Ratios of Ca/inorganic P were highest in resting cartilage (non-differentiated hyaline cartilage), suggesting an initial binding of Ca to chondromucoproteins. However, at the onset of calcification in proliferating cartilage, Ca/P ratios were much lower (ca. 1.50), but gradually increased with advancing mineralization. Marked changes occurred in the composition of the organic phase during endochondral calcification. As determined by hydroxyproline analysis, collagen content progressively decreased during cartilaginous calcification, but increased rapidly during bone formation. As determined by hexosamine and sulfur analysis, chondromucoproteins were at highest levels in proliferating cartilage and decreased steadily as calcification increased. However, although calcification was already well advanced in hypertrophic cartilage, large amounts of mucopolysaccharide still were present. Sulfur/hexosamine ratios showed a slight decline during the early stages of calcification, but increased markedly with further mineralization. Sialic acid levels were elevated in epiphyseal cartilage over those in resting cartilage or bone. Lipids increased rapidly during cartilaginous calcification, but were greatly reduced in fully-formed bone. The significance of these findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 78-83 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Calcification ; Osteomalacia ; Phosphorus ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les effects d'une dose de 1 mg de vitamine D3 (40 000 Unités,) administrée par voie intra-veineuse, ont été étudiés sur l'histologie osseuse et le métabolisme du phosphore chez 19 sujets contrôles dont l'histologie était normale et 28 malades présentant les caractères histologiques de l'ostéomalacie par carence vitaminique D. L'administration de la vitamine D n'a entraîné aucune modification histologique ou biologique significative chez les sujets contrôles. Mais chez les ostéomalaciques, il est apparu en moins de sept jours une augmentation très significative du front de calcification à l'interface tissue-ostéoïde-tissue-calcifié. Cette modification s'accompagnait d'une ascension progressive de la phosphatémie et de la réabsorption tubulaire du phosphore atteignant dans le même délai des valeurs normales.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Bei 19 Patienten mit normaler Knochenhistologie und bei 28 Patienten mit histologisch gesicherter Osteomalacie wurde die Wirkung von 1 mg Vitamin D3 (40000 Iv) i.v. auf die Knochenhistologie und den Phosphatmetabolismus untersucht. Bei den Kontrollpatienten konnten keine signifikanten Änderungen nach Vitamin D festgestellt werden, wogegen die Osteomalacie-patienten innerhalb von 7 Tagen eine deutliche Zunahme der Verkalkungszone an der Grenze zwischen Osteoid- und Knochengewebe zeigten. Diese Änderung war von einer fortschreitenden Zunahme des Serum-Phosphates, verbunden mit einer gesteigerten renalen tubulären Rückabsorption des Phosphates begleitet; beide kehrten anschließend gleichzeitig wieder zur Norm zurück.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of a 1 mg dose of intravenous Vitamin D3 (40,000 i.u.) on bone histology and phosphate metabolism was investigated in 19 patients with normal bone histology and 28 patients with histological evidence of osteomalacia. No significant changes occurred in the control patients after Vitamin D but the patients with osteomalacia showed a marked increase, within seven days, in the proportion of osteoid having a calcification front. This was accompanied by a progressive rise in the serum phosphate, which was associated with an increase in the renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate to normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 174-179 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; Strontium ; Bone ; Mineral
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La proportion Sr/Ca dans l'os est à peu près la même que dans le sérum tandis que les poudres d'hydroxyapatite suspendues dans des solution physiologiques font une distinction contre le strontium. On trouva que la proportion Sr/Ca des fractions de différentes densités d'os compact de tibia de rat en forme de poudre augmentait avec augmentation de la densité jusqu'à une valeur un peu supérieure à celle observée dans le sérum. L'explication pourrait être qu'une barrière cellulaire ôte le calcium par préférence au strontium du fluide d'os ou bien qu'une accentuation précoce de la proportion Sr/Ca dans l'os se réfléchit dans les fractions de densité supérieure.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Das Verhältnis Sr/Ca im Knochen ist annähernd dasselbe wie es im Serum vorliegt, während in einer physiologischen Lösung von pulverisiertem Hydroxyapatit das Sr zugunsten des Ca benachteiligt wird. Es wurde festgestellt, daß das Sr/Ca-Verhältnis von Fraktionen verschiedener Dichte von pulverisierten Rattentibiae mit zunehmender Dichte anstieg, und zwar bis zu einem Wert, der etwas höher lag als der im Serum beobachtete. Dies ließe sich so erklären, daß eine Zellbarriere beim Entzug aus der Knochenflüssigkeit Ca dem Sr vorzieht; oder aber daß sich eine frühzeitige Betonung des für den Knochen typischen Sr/Ca-Verhältnisses in den Fraktionen höherer Dichte widerspiegelt.
    Notes: Abstract The Sr/Ca ration in bone is approximately the same as in serum, whereas hydroxyapatite powders suspended in physiological solutions discriminate against strontium. It was found that the Sr/Ca ratio of various density fractions of powdered compact bone of rat tibia increased with increasing density to a value slightly higher than that observed in the serum. The explanation could be that a cellular barrier removes calcium preferentially to strontium from the bone fluid, or that early accentuation of the bone Sr/Ca ration is reflected in the higher density fractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 245-256 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Densitometry ; X-ray ; Diet ; Calcium ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'ingestion quotidienne de calcium of été déterminée en interrogeant 398 individus, âgés de 15 à 90 ans. Le rapport entre l'ingestion de calcium et la minéralisation vertébrale, mesurée par densitométrie radiographique quantitative, est fiable mais cependant significatif. Chez 53 personnes, atteintes d'ostéoporose, comparées à un nombre égal d'individus, d'âges similaires, les valeurs de la minéralisation vertébrale sont 60 pour cent plus faibles que celles du groupe témoin. L'ingestion totale moyenne de calcium est plus faible de 21 per cent chez les ostéoporotiques. Chez les sujets, à ingestion unique de calcium, les patients du groupe témoin ingèrent preque le double de calcium que le groupe des ostéoporotiques. Une diminution moyenne de l'ingestion calcique est notée avec l'âge. Il semble qu'il existe une diminution de l'absorption calcique avec l'âge, l'ostéoporose ou les deux, ainsi qu'un besoin plus grand en calcium chez les sujets âgés pour assurer l'équilibre en calcium. Indépendamment de l'homéostase calcique, un équilibre négatif en calcium augmente la résorption osseuse, et diminue l'ostéogenèse. De nombreux facteurs interviennent dans l'étiologie et la pathogénie de l'ostéoporose: les résultats de cette étude indique que la présence de calcium alimentaire est l'un de ces facteurs.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die tägliche Calciumeinnahme wurde anhand einer Befragung von 398 Personen im Alter von 15–90 Jahren geschätzt. Die Korrelation der Calciumeinnahme und der Mineralisation der Wirbelsäule, wie sie röntgenologisch durch quantitative Messung der Dichte festgestellt wurde, war niedrig, aber durchwegs signifikant. Bei 53 Osteoporose-Patienten, die mit 53 Kontrollpersonen gleichen Alters verglichen wurden, waren die Mineralisationswerte der Wirbelsäule um 60% niedriger als jene der Kontrollgruppe, und die durchschnittlich geschätzte Gesamt-Calciumeinnahme der Osteoporotiker war um 21% tiefer. Von den Exploranden, die Angaben über eine gleichmäßige Calciumaufnahme machten, nahmen die Kontrollpersonen beinahe doppelt so viel Calcium ein als diejenigen mit Osteoporose. Im Durchschnitt wurde eine Verminderung der Calciumeinnahme mit fortschreitendem Alter festgestellt. Es ergibt sich deutlich, daß die Calciumabsorption mit dem Alter, bei Osteoporose oder in der Kombination dieser beiden Faktoren abnimmt, und daß eine größere Calciumeinnahme bei älteren Personen nötig wäre, um eine positive Calciumbilanz aufrechtzuerhalten. Ungeachtet der Komplexität der Calciumhomöostase, kann eine negative Calciumbilanz schließlich dazu führen, daß mehr Knochen resorbiert als gebildet wird. Demzufolge sollte bei erkanntem Bedürfnis eine adäquate Calciumeinnahme gesichert sein. Es ist eine Tatsache, daß viele Faktoren an der Ätiologie und Pathogenese der Osteoporose beteiligt sind; die Resultate dieses Berichtes unterstützen die Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß das Calciumangebot in der Nahrung einer dieser Faktoren ist.
    Notes: Abstract Lifetime daily calcium intake was estimated through interview of 398 individuals from 15 to 90 years of age. The correlation of calcium intake with vertebral mineralization as determined by quantitative radiographic densitometry was low but persistently significant. In 53 persons with osteoporosis matched by age with 53 individuals from the control group, vertebral mineralization values were 60% lower than those of the control group, and the mean estimated total calcium intake in osteoporotics was 21% lower. In those persons reporting a single lifetime calcium intake, the control patients ingested almost twice as much calcium as those with osteoporosis. A mean decrease in calcium intake with advancing years has been shown. Evidence points to a decrease in calcium absorption with age, osteoporosis, or both, as well as a greater need for calcium intake in the elderly to maintain a positive calcium balance. Regardless of the intricacies of calcium homeostasis, a negative calcium balance leads eventually to greater bone resorption than formation, hence the rationality of insuring an adequate calcium intake with recognized nutritional needs. Evidence suggests that many factors are involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of osteoporosis; the data in this report support the likelihood that availability of calcium in the diet is one of them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 339-349 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Resorption ; Calcitonin ; Organ culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une méthode quantitative pour étudier les effets précoces des hormones et autres agents sur la mobilisation du calcium osseux a été mise au point. Des moitiés de calottes craniennes de souris de 6 jours, ayant reçu du45Ca quatre jours auparavant, sont explantéesin vitro et placées dans des récipients séparés, en milieu liquide; une moitié sert de témoin, l'autre moitié est utilisée pour l'expérimentation. Ce mode d'action dans le temps, de chaque produit testé, est déterminé en prélevant aseptiquement de petits échantillons dans le milieu et en dosant l'isotope. L'hormone parathyroidienne et la vitamine A provoquent une résorption osseuse étendue ainsi qu'un passage augmenté du45Ca des os traités dans le milieu, au bout de 2 heures, si on les compare aux témoins. La calcitonine inhibe rapidement la mobilisation du45Ca des os résorbés: l'intervalle de temps est similaire à celui obtenuin vivo en abaissant le calcium sérique. Nos résultats indiquent que les agents, qui induisent la résorption osseuse, augmentent à la fois le nombre des ostéoclastes et l'efficacité des cellules existantes, en ce qui concerne la mobilisation du calcium. La calcitonine inhibe la libération du45Ca des explants vivants, maintenus dans un milieu contrôle. Cette réduction est attribuée à la suppression de la résorption endogène, en cours au moment de la transplantation: un échange isotopique est toujours observé, comme au niveau des explants sur vivants.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Eine quantitative Methode zur Bestimmung der Früheffekte von Hormonen oder andern Wirkstoffen auf die Wanderung von Calcium in den oder aus dem Knochen wurde entwickelt. Calvarien-Hälften von 6 Tagen alten, 4 Tage früher mit45Ca markierten Mäusen werden explantiert und in getrennten Schalen mit flüssiger Nährlösungin vitro belassen. Die eine Hälfte dient als Kontrolle, die andere wird für das Experiment eingesetzt. Anhand kleiner Proben, die den Medien aseptisch entnommen und auf ihren Isotopengehalt geprüft werden, kann die Wirkung der verschiedenen Agentien im Verlaufe der Zeit beobachtet werden. Sowohl Parahormon als auch Vitamin A verursachen eine ausgedehnte Knochenresorption und es wurde, im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen, innerhalb von 2 Std eine gesteigerte Abgabe von45Ca aus den behandelten Knochen in das Medium nachgewiesen, Die Freisetzung von45Ca aus resorbierenden Knochen wird durch Calcitonin rasch inhibiert. Wirkungsweise und Verlauf bestehen, wiein vivo, in einer Senkung des Serum-Calciums. Unsere Resultate zeigen, daß Wirkstoffe, welche eine Knochenresorption veranlassen, sowohl die Zahl der polynucleären Osteoklasten ansteigen lassen als auch die vorhandenen Zellen zur vermehrten Calcium-Mobilisation anregen. Calcitonin dagegen verhindert die Bildung neuer, polynucleärer Osteoklasten wie auch die Mobilisation von Knochenmineral durch die vorhandenen Osteoklasten. Calcitonin wirkt hemmend auf die Abgabe von45Ca von lebenden Explantaten, die in Kontrollmedium kultiviert werden. Diese Abnahme wird der Unterdrückung der endogenen Resorption zugeschrieben, welche im Moment der Knochenexplantation im Gange ist; der Austausch des Isotopes findet weiterhin statt, wie dies bei einem toten Explantat der Fall ist.
    Notes: Abstract A sensitive method has been developed for studying the early effects of hormones and other agents on the movement of calcium into and out of bone. Half-calvariae from 6-day-old mice that have been pulsed four days previously with45Ca, are explanted into separate dishes of liquid medium and maintainedin vitro; one half serves as control and the other for experimentation. The time course of action of any agent is followed by removing small samples aseptically from the media and analysing for isotope. Both parathyroid hormone and vitamin A cause extensive bone resorption, and as compared with controls an increased release of45Ca from the treated bones into the medium can be detected within 2 hours. Calcitonin rapidly inhibits the release of45Ca from resorbing bones; the time course is similar to that for its actionin vivo in lowering serum calcium. Our results indicate that agents that induce bone resorption increase both the number of multinucleate osteoclasts and the effectiveness of the existing cells in mobilising calcium. Calcitonin prevents the formation of new multinucleate osteoclasts, and also prevents existing osteoclasts from mobilising bone mineral. Calcitonin inhibits the release of45Ca from living explants maintained in control medium. This reduction is attributed to the suppression of the endogenous resorption that is in progress when the bones are explanted; exchange of isotope still occurs, as in a dead explant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 3 (1969), S. 249-260 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Nucleic acid ; Callus ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Extraction des acides ribonucléiques (RNA) à pH 7,6 et à pH 9,0 en presence du phénol donne 70–75 p. 100 de la teneur en RNA total du tissu osseux du Lapin regénérant après une ostéotomie standardisée, dans l'extrait à pH 7,6 et 10–15 p. 100 dans l'extrait à pH 9,0. 50–70 p. 100 du RNA des diaphyses des os du Lapin qui n'était pas soumis à une ostéotomie sont extraits à pH 7,6 avec une quantité très faible à pH 9,0. Fractionnement des extraits par chromatographie sur 2 p. 100 agarose ou par précipitation avec du NaCl (3M) donne une fraction constituée par du rRNA et characterisée par la composition nucléotidique. Cette fraction correspond à 70 p. 100 du RNA extrait à pH 7,6 et à 65–75 p. 100 du RNA extrait à pH 9,0 de l'os regénérant et à 85 p. 100 du RNA extrait de l'os normal. 10 p. 100 du RNA extrait de l'os regénérant et 5 p. 100 du RNA extrait de l'os normal sont de poids moleculaire plus haut que le rRNA. Les RNA de poids moleculaire plus bas que le rRNA représentent 20 p. 100 du RNA extrait à pH 7,6 et 25–35 p. 100 du RNA extrait à pH 9,0 de l'os regénérant et 10 p. 100 du RNA extrait de l'os normal. Les résultats de centrifugation en gradients de saccharose entre 5 et 20 p. 100 correspondent aux résultats des études de fractionnement.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Wird die RNS aus Kaninchenknochengewebe, das sich in der Regenerationsphase nach standardisierter Osteotomie befindet, mit wäßrigen Phenollösungen, extrahiert, so werden bei einem pH-Wert des Extraktes von 7,6 70–75% des totalen RNS-Gehaltes erhalten, gegenüber 10–15% bei einem, pH-Wert von 9,0. Von der normalen Kaninchenradiusdiaphyse ist die Ausbeute an RNS 50–70% bei einer Extraktion im Bereich von pH 7,6 und nur wenige Prozente bei pH 9,0. Eine Fraktionierung der Extrakte mittels Gelchromatographie auf 2% Agarose und durch Behandlung mit 3M Natriumchlorid ergab eine Fraktion, die der rRNS entspricht und durch ihre Nucleotidzusammensetzung charakterisiert ist. Diese Fraktion erreicht bei regenerierenden Knochen 70% der RNS in den bei pH 7,6 gewonnenen Extrakten, 65–75% in jenen bei pH 9,0. während bei normalen Knochen die Ausbeute an RNS 85% bei pH 7,6 betrug. Im Extrakt von pH 7,6 waren beim regenerierenden Knochen 10% und bei normalen Knochen 5% der RNS von höherem Molekulargewicht als rRNS. Kleiner molekular als rRNS waren 20% der RNS in den Extrakten des regenerierenden Knochens bei pH 7,6 und 25–35% bei pH 9,0, während die entsprechenden Extrakte beim normalen Knochen nur 10% dieser kleinmolekularen RNS enthielten. Das Sedimentationsbild mit 5–20% linearen Saccharosegradienten entsprach den Ergebnissen der Fraktionierungsversuche.
    Notes: Abstract Extraction of RNA with aqueous phenolic solutions of pH 7.6 and pH 9.0 yielded 70–75% of the total RNA content of rabbit bone tissue, regenerating after standardized osteotomies, in the pH 7.6 extract and 10–15% in the pH 9.0 extract. From normal rabbit radius diaphysis, 50–70% of the RNA was extracted at pH 7.6 and oly a few per cent at pH 9.0. Fractionation of the extracts by gel chromatography on 2% agarose and by treatment with 3M sodium chloride gave a, fraction corresponding to rRNA and characterized by base composition. This fraction amounted to 70% of the RNA in the pH 7.6 extracts, to 65–75% of the RNA in pH 9.0 extracts from regenerating bone and to 85% of the RNA in pH 7.6 extracts from normal bone. 10% of the RNA in pH 7.6 extracts from regenerating bone and 5% of that in extracts from normal bone were of larger size than rRNA. 20% of the RNA in pH 7.6 extracts and 25–35% in pH 9.0 extracts from regenerating bone and 10% in those from normal bone were of lower size than rRNA. The sedimentation pattern in 5–20% linear sucrose gradients corresponded to the results of the fractionation studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 3 (1969), S. 308-317 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Enamel ; Hydroxyapatite ; X-ray Diffraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'objet de cette étude a été de déterminer l'effet du mode de préparation (par meulage) sur la largeur des raies de diffraction de l'émail. La préparation d'émail, par meulage, en utilisant divers procédés ainsi qu'une pièce à main dentaire conventionnelle provoque un élargissement des pics obtenus (002, 211, 200 et 202) lorsqu'on la compare avec de la poudre d'émail, obtenue par meulage à l'aide de billes. L'élargissement des raies n'est pas observé lorqu'un monocristal d'hydroxylapatite est meulé à l'aide d'un diamant fin. En général, l'élargissement est moins important, lorsque le meulage est effectué à l'aide de turbines dentaires. L'importance du meulage dépend de façon variable d'un ou plusieurs des facteurs suivants: rugosité des instruments coupants, vitesse de meulage, direction de meulage, et la présence ou l'absence d'eau. Le meulage prolongé par billes de l'émail provoque aussi un élargissement dans les mêmes conditions, cependant, l'os n'est pas endommagé. Ces résultats indiquent que l'émail est plus sensible que l'hydroxylapatite et l'os. L'élargissement de raies peut être dû soit à une déformation de la maille cristalline, soit à une diminution de taille des cristaux.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine Untersuchung durchgeführt, um den Einfluß der Probenvorbereitung (Zerreibungsmethode) auf die Breite des Linienprofil-Querschnittes von Zahnschmelz zu bestimmen. Gewinnung von Zahnschmelz mit den verschiedenen Schneidinstrumenten einer konventionellen Bohrmaschine verursachte eine Verbreiterung aller untersuchten Peaks (002, 211, 200 und 202) im Vergleich zum gleichen Schmelz, der mit dem Rosenbohrer zerrieben wurde. Eine Verbreiterung der Linie konnte nicht beobachtet werden, wenn ein einzelner Kristall von Hydroxyapatit mit einem ganz feinen Diamanten zerrieben wurde. Im allgemeinen war die Verbreiterung weniger ausgesprochen, wenn die hochtourige Bohrtechnik zur Anwendung kam. Das Ausmaß der Verbreiterung, das durch Zahnbohrer verursacht wurde, war abhängig von einem oder mehreren der folgenden Faktoren: Rauheit des Schneidinstrumentes, Zerreibungsgeschwindigkeit, Zerreibungsrichtung und das Vorhandensein oder Fehlen von Wasser. Verlängerte Zerreibung von Schmelz mit dem Rosenbohrer verursachte ebenfalls eine Verbreiterung. Unter identischen Bedingungen blieb der ausgeglühte Knochen jedoch unversehrt. Diese Beobachtungen zeigen, daß Schmelz für Zerreibungsschäden anfälliger ist, als Hydroxyapatitkristalle oder ausgeglühter Knochen. Die eigentliche Ursache der Linienverbreiterung kann entweder eine Schädigung infolge Distortion des Gitters oder eino Reduktion der Größe der individuellen Kristalle sein.
    Notes: Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effect of sample preparation (grinding method) upon breadth of the diffraction profile of enamel. Collecting enamel by grinding with various cuttin tools in the low-speed dental handpiece caused broadening of all peaks (002, 211, 300 and 202) examined, compared to ball, ground, counter-part enamel. Line broadening was not observed when a single crystal of mineral hydroxyapatite was ground with a very fine diamond. In general, broadening was less pronounced with the high-speed air turbine technique. The amount of broadening caused by dental burs depended upon one or more of the following factors: coarseness of cutting instrument, grinding speed, grinding direction, and the presence or absence of water. Prolonged ball grinding of enamel also caused broadening; under identical conditions, however, annealed bone remained undamaged. These findings indicate that enamel is more sensitive to grinding damage than the mineral hydroxyapatite crystal or annealed bone. The actual cause of line broadening may be either strain due to lattice distortions or a reduction in size of individual crystallites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 136-146 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Calcification ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Poultry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'activité des cellules osseuses et la composition du fémur de pondeuses furent examinées pendant sept jours de déficience calcique (diète contenant 0,13% de calcium) et sept jours de réplétion (diète contenant 3,2% de calcium). Du point de vue histologique, seul l'os cortical donnait des signes nets de résorption et d'activité ostéoclastique. Le nombre d'ostéoclastes dans l'os médullaire différait peu des valuers témoin pendant les périodes de déficience et de réplétion subséquente, sauf pour une augmentation significative au premier jour de déplétion. L'effect histologique le plus important dans l'os médullaire était une augmentation marquée en nombre d'ostéoblastes aux troisième, cinquième, et un peu moins au septième jours de déplétion. Le nombre d'ostéoblastes était en corrélation positive avec la teneur de l'os médullaire en ostéoide et négative avec son degré de calcification. L'activité de l'os médullaire en phosphatase alcaline augmentait avec la longueur de la déficience calcique. Un jour après le retour des pondeuses à une diète contenant 3,2% de calcium, la calcification de l'os médullaire avait augmenté de façon significative, le nombre d'ostéoblastes avait diminué au niveau ou au-dessous du niveau de contrôle et l'activité de la phosphatase alcaline avait baissé considérablement. L'importance de ces résultats est discutée par rapport au controle des populations des cellules dan l'os et au rôle de l'os médullaire.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Zahl der Knochenzellen und die Zusammensetzung des Femurs von Legehennen wurden während einer siebentägigen Calciumentzugsperiode (Calciumgehalt des Futters 0,13%) und einer siebentägigen Ersatzperiode (Calciumgehalt des Futters 3,2%) untersucht. Histologisch zeigte nur die Cortex eindeutige Knochenresorption und osteoklastische Aktivität. Abgesehen von einer signifikanten Zunahme am 1. Tag des Calciumentzuges, variierte die Zahl der Osteoklasten im Markknochen sowohl während der Entzugs- als auch während der nachfolgenden Ersatzperiode wenig. Die wichtigste histologische Änderung im Markknochen bestand in einer starken Zunahme in der Zahl der Osteoblasten am 3., 5. und etwas weniger am 7. Tag der Entzugsperiode. Die Zahl der Osteoblasten zeigte eine positive Korrelation mit dem Osteoidgehalt des Markknochens und eine negative mit dem Grade seiner Verkalkung. Die Aktivität der alkalischen Phosphatase im Markknochen war desto größer je länger den Hennen die calciumarme Ration verfüttert worden war. Die Wiederverabreichung der Ration, welche 3,2% Calcium enthielt, verursachte innerhalb eines Tages eine signifikante Zunahme in der Verkalkung des Markknochens, ein Absinken der Osteoblastzahl auf die Kontrollwerte oder unter sie und eine drastische Verringerung der alkalischen Phosphataseaktivität. Die Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse in bezug auf die Kontrolle des Knochenzellenbestandes und auf die Funktion des Markknochens wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Bone cell activity and the composition of the femur of laying hens were studied during 7 days of calcium depletion on a 0.13% calcium diet and 7 days of calcium repletion on a 3.2% calcium diet. Histologically, only cortical bone showed clear signs of bone resorption and osteoclastic activity during the depletion period. The number of osteoclasts in medullary bone varied little from control values throughout both calcium depletion and repletion, except for a significant increase on the first day of depletion. The major histologicalchange in medullary bone was a marked increase in the number of osteoblasts on the third, fifth and, to a lesser extent, seventh, day of depletion. The number of osteoblasts in medullary bone was positively correlated with its osteoid content and negatively correlated with its degree of calcification. Alkaline phosphatase activity of medullary bone increased with the time the hens had been on the calcium-deficient diet. Returning the hens to the 3.2% calcium ration caused, within one day, a significant increase in medullary bone calcification, a decrease of osteoblast numbers to, or below, control levels, and a drastic reduction in alkaline phosphatase activity of medullary bone. The significance of these findings in relation to the control of bone cell populations and the functions of medullary bone is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 180-184 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Strontium ; Calcium ; Bone ; Shell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des poules ont été nourries avec une alimentation riche en strontium stable. Des concentrations de strontium de 3000 p.p. m. à 50000 p.p.m. montre une augmentation nette en strontium du tibia, alors que le contenu en calcium n'est pas modifié. Les concentrations en calcium sérique diminue, lorsque le strontium alimentaire augmente. Le calcium des coquilles d'oeufs diminue progressivement avec l'augmentation du strontium alimentaire, alors que le contenu en strontium des coquilles présente une augmentation correspondante. Des analyses de diffraction par rayons X des os et des coquilles ne permettent pas de déterminer sous quelle forme le strontium est déposé.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Resultate einer Verfütterung von hohen stabilen Strontiumdosen an Hühnern werden erläutert. Strontiumzusätze zur Nahrung in der Höhe von 3000–50000 p.p.m. führten zu einer signifikanten Zunahme des Strontiumgehaltes der Tibia und verursachten keine wesentlichen Änderungen des Calciumgehaltes. Die Calciumkonzentration im Plasma verminderte sich, wenn der Nahrung ansteigende Strontiummengen zugegeben wurden. Mit zunehmendem Strontiumzusatz zur Nahrung zeigte der Calciumgehalt der Eischale eine fortlaufende Abnahme, während sich der Strontiumgehalt entsprechend erhöhte. Durch Röntgendiffraktionsanalysen der stark Strontium-haltigen Knochen und Eischalen konnte nicht festgestellt werden, in welcher Form das Strontium abgelagert wurde.
    Notes: Abstract The results of feeding high dietary levels of stable strontium to hens are reported. Dietary levels of strontium from 3,000 p.p.m. to 50,000 p.p.m. showed a significant increase in strontium content of the tibia bone and essentially no change in the calcium content. Plasma calcium concentration was shown to decrease with increasing dietary strontium treatment. Egg shell calcium showed a progressive decrease with increasing dietary strontium treatment, whereas the strontium content has a corresponding increase. X-ray diffraction analyses of bones and shells containing large amounts of strontium were unsuccessful in evaluating the from in which strontium was deposited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 202-209 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Radiocalcium ; Ascorbic acid ; Scintillimetry ; Radiocarbon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs on décrit des méthodes pour la détermination de45Ca plus L-1-14C acide asorbique dans les os d'animaux aprés administration des deux isotopes. Calcium et acide asorbique ont été extraits totalement par l'acide trichloracétique a 6% des os a l'état frais en évitant de détruire l'acide asorbique. La détermination chimique du calcium et de l'acide asorbique selon les méthodes classique a été faite dans des portions de l'échantillon. La détermination de la radioactivité du calcium et de l'acide asorbique a été faite ensuite dans des portions du même échantillon. Du Triton a servi pour le scintillant liquide dans le compteur de scintillation liquide. Un procédé de détermination des deux isotopes dans le meme echantillon a été décrit. Différents critéres on été appliques a chacque étape afin d'établir la validité et les limites d'application de la méthode.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Eine Methode ist beschrieben, die die quantitative und radioaktive Bestimmung von45Ca und L-[-L14C] Ascorbinsäure in Knochen von Tieren, denen die beiden Isotopen verabreicht worden sind, erlaubt. Calcium und Ascorbinsäure werden quantitativ mit 6% Trichloressigsäure ausgezogen, wobei die Ascorbinsäure erhalten bleibt. Quantitative Analysen für Calcium und Ascorbinsäure werden nach bekannten Methoden in einem Teil des Extraktes bestimmt und die Bestimmung der Radioaktivität in einem anderen Anteil mit Hilfe eines Flüssigkeits-Szintillations-Zählers durchgeführt. Dem flüssigen Szintillanten wird Triton zugesetzt. Diese Versuchsanordnung ermöglicht außerdem die gleichzeitige Bestimmung der beiden Isotopen im Knochen-Extrakt. Die Methode wurde sorgfältig auf ihre Verwendbarkeit ausgewertet.
    Notes: Abstract Methods were developed for the determination of45Ca plus L-[1-14C] asorbic acid in bones of animals following administration of both isotopes. Asorbic acid and calcium were extracted quantitatively with 6% trichloracetic acid from fresh bone under such mild conditions that asorbic acid was not destroyed. The chemical determinations of calcium and ascorbic acid according to standard procedures were performed in aliquots of the same extract. The determination of the radioactivity of calcium and ascorbic acid were then carried out in aliquots of the same extract. A Triton-containing liquid scintillation fluid was employed for the radioassay of45Ca and L-[1-14C] ascorbic acid in the liquid scintillation spectrometer. A procedure allowing the determination of both isotopes in the same extract is described. A number of criteria were applied to each step, in order to determine the validity and limitations of the procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 350-358 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Calcitonin ; Resorption ; Species ; Discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une méthode quantitativein vitro est utilisée pour étudier l'efficacité relative des préparations de calcitonine, provenant de diverses espèces. La méthode est basée sur le fait que la calcitonine inhibe de façon nette la libération de45Ca de moitiés de calottes craniennes de souris, âgées de 6 jours, ayant été marquées auparavant; cet effect est lié à la suppression de la résorption endogène, qui se déroule, lorsque les os sont explantés et qui se continuein vitro en l'absence de calcitonine. Des différences nettes de l'effect d'inhibition des préparations de calcitonine ont été trouvées, qu'elles proviennent de corps ultimobranchiaux ou de thyroides de mammifères. La calcitonine humaine et la calcitonine porcine, standard A, se comportent de façon identique et sont environ dix fois plus actifs que la calcitonine porcinek standard B, en se basant sur les critéres unitaires utilisés au cours de cette étude chez le rat. Les calcitonines de corps ultimobranchiaux sont plus efficaces à doses faibles, pendant des périodes plus longues, que les préparations thyroidiennes et elles sont au moins dix fois plus efficaces que la calcitonine porcine standard A et cent fois plus actives que la calcitonine porcine standard B. Les explants traités par la calcitonine libère l'isotope dans le milieu d'une manière identique à celle de l'os mort, tant que la calcitonine reste active: pour la calcitonine de saumon, on observe pendant 20 heures un échange d'isotope entre l'os vivant, traité avec ce produit et le calcium du milieu, ainsi que cela se produit pour des fragments d'os congelé. Ces résultats sont utiles pour des études quantitatives, devant déterminer le mode d'action d'autres produits influençant la résorption et l'apposition osseuse. L'adjonction de calcitonine permet, en effet, de mesurer l'échange d'isotope libéré de l'os, ainsi traité à tous les stades, sans tuer les tissus ou sans avoir recours à des inhibiteurs spécifiques du métabolisme.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ein quantitativerin vitro-Versuch wurde angewandt, um die relative Wirksamkeit von Calcitonin-Präparaten aus verschiedenen Spezies zu untersuchen. Der Versuch beruht auf der Feststellung, daß Calcitonin einen ausgeprägten Hemmeffekt auf die Freisetzung von45Ca aus markierten Calvarien-Hälften von 6tägigen Mäusen hat. Dieser Effekt kommt wegen der Unterdrückung der endogenen Resorption zustande, die im Moment der Knochenexplantation im Gange ist, undin vitrobei Abwesenheit von Calcitonin weiter fortschreitet. Auffallende Unterschiede des Hemmeffektes konnten bei Calcitonin-Präparaten sowohl von Ultimobranchialkörpern als auch von Säuger-Thyreoideae festgestellt werden. Menschliches Calcitonin sowie Standard A Schweine-Calcitonin verhalten sich gleich und sind ungefähr 10mal wirksamer als Standard B Schweine-Calcitonin, ausgedrückt in Einheiten bezogen auf den Rattenversuch. Die von Ultimobranchialkörpern stammenden Calcitonin-Präparate sind wirksamer in niedrigerer Dosierung und während einer längeren Zeitspanne als die Thyreoidea-Präparate. Sie wirken zudem mindestens 10mal stärker als Standard A Schweine-Calcitonin und 100mal stärker als Standard B Schweine-Calcitonin. Explantate, welche mit Calcitonin behandelt wurden, geben das Isotop auf die gleiche Weise wie totes Knochengewebe in das Medium ab, solange das Calcitonin wirksam ist. Für Calcitonin vom Lachs besteht eine Zeitpsanne von 20 Std, während welcher die lebenden, mit diesem Präparat behandelten Knochen das Isotop mit dem Calcium des Medium austauschen, in gleicher Weise wie durch Einfrieren und Auftauen getöteten Knochens. Diese Methode wird vermutlich sehr nützlich sein für quantitative Untersuchungen über den Aktionsmodus anderer Stoffe, welche Knochenresorption und-wachstum beeinflussen, da der Calcitonin-Zusatz es ermöglicht, die Austauschkomponente des aus dem behandelten Knochen freigesetzten Isotopes jederzeit zu messen, ohne daß dabei Gewebe zerstört oder weniger spezifische Inhibitoren des Metabolismus herangezogen werden müssen.
    Notes: Abstract Anin vitro method has been used to investigate the relative effectiveness of calcitonin preparations from different species. It is based on the finding that calcitonin has a marked inhibitory effect on the release of45Ca from prelabelled half-calvariae from 6-day-old mice; this effect is due to the suppression of the endogeneous resorption that is in progress when the bones are explanted, and which continuesin vitro in the absence of calcitonin. Striking differences have been found in the inhibitory effect of calcitonin preparations from either ultimobranchial bodies or from mammalian thyroids. Human calcitonin and porcine standard A calcitonin behave similarly and are about ten times more potent than porcine standard B calcitonin in terms of units based on the rat assay. The calcitonins of ultimobranchial origin are more effective at lower doses for a longer period of time than the thyroid preparations, and are at least ten times more potent than porcine standard A calcitonin or 100 times more potent than porcine standard B. Explants treated with calcitonin release isotope into the medium in a similar manner to that of dead bones, as long as the calcitonin remains effective; for salmon calcitonin there is a twenty-hour period in which the release of isotope from living bones treated with this preparation exchange isotope with the calcium in the medium like frozen-thawed bone. This finding should be very useful in quantitative studies on the mode of action of other compounds that influence bone resorption and accretion, since the addition of calcitonin will enable the exchange component of the isotope released from treated bones, to be measured at any stage without killing the tissue or resorting to less specific inhibitors of metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 162-173 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Resorption ; Parathyroid ; Bird
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'os médullaire des poules au moment de la ponte ainsi que l'os néoformé de coqs soumis à des substances oestrogéniques, ont été examinés par les méthodes de l'histologie, de l'histochimie, de la microradiographie et de l'alpharadiographie afin de comparer la résorption naturelle à celle produite par la parathormone. Chez les pondeuses, la résorption a été provoquée par la formation de la coquille; chez les coqs, elle s'est produite à la suite de la diminution du taux des oestrogènes. La résorption naturelle de l'os médullaire a été marquée par un accroissement de la basophilie, de l'azurophilie et de la metachromasie, par la diminution graduelle de la densité organique et minérale. Ces modifications ont été observées d'abord dans la portion distale de l'os médullaire; elles se sont progressivement propagées à la région sous corticale. L'extrait parathyroidien semble avoir favorisé tous ces phénomènes, en stimulant l'ostéolyse ostéocytaire et l'ostéoclasie. Il ne nous a pas été possible cependant de nous rendre compte si les ostéoclastes ne se sont attaqués qu'aux portions des travées déja modifiées par l'ostéolyse. Ces résultats concordent avec l'idée que la résorption normale de l'os médullaire de la poule au temps où la coquille de l'oeuf se dépose, est déclanchée par la parathormone. Il en est de même chez le coq à la suite du retrait des oestrogènes.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Substantia spongiosa der Femora von Legehennen und von Hähnen die mit Östrogen behandelt waren, wurde während spontaner und künstlicher, mit Extrakten von Epithelkörperchen induzierter, Resorption einer histologischen, histochemischen, alpharadiographischen und mikroröntgenographische Untersuchung unterworfen. Die natürliche Resorption wurde bei den Hennen durch die Eischalenproduktion und bei den Hähnen durch Östrogenentzug hervorgerufen. Die natürliche Resorption war durch erhöhte Basophilie, Azurphilie und Metachromasie, sowohl als auch durch verminderter alpharadiographischer und mikroröntgenographischer Dichte der Trabeculae der Substantia spongiosa charakterisiert. Diese Veränderungen wurden zuerst in den zentralen, dem Cavum medullare nächstgelegenen, Teilen der Spongiosa wahrgenommen. Später waren auch die peripheren Teile, mit geringerer Osteocytenkonzentration, betroffen. Diese Veränderungen konnten durch Gaben von Epithelkörperchenextrakten verstärkt werden. Die Resorption der Spongiosa wird durch osteocytische Osteolyse und Osteoklasie bewirkt. Es konnte aber nicht entschieden werden ob diese beiden Prozesse gleichzeitig stattfinden, oder ob die Osteoklasten die Trabeculae erst angreifen, nachdem sie bereits teilweise durch Osteolyse abgebaut worden sind. Diese Resultate stimmen mit der Hypothese überein, daß die natürliche Resorption von Spongiosa während der Eischalenproduktion bei Hennen und nach Entzug von Östrogen bei Hähnen, durch Epithelkörperchenhormonen bedingt ist.
    Notes: Abstract The medullary bone in the femora of laying hens and of oestrogen-treated cocks has been examined by histological, histochemical, alpharadiographic and microroentgenographic techniques while undergoing both natural resorption and resorption induced by injection of parathyroid extract. In the hens, natural resorption was brought about by egg-shell formation and in the cocks by withdrawal of oestrogen. Natural resorption was accompained by increasing basophilia, azurophilia and metachromasia and by decreasing alpharadiographic and microradiographic density of the trabeculae of the medullary bone. These changes were observed initially in the central region (towards the marrow cavity) and subsequently in the peripheral regions also, where the number of osteocytes per unit area of bone was less. Parathyroid extract enhanced all these effects. It appears that resorption of medullary bone was brought about by osteocytic osteolysis and by osteoclasis, but it was not possible to determine whether both processes occurred concurrently or whether the osteoclasts attacked the trabeculae only after they had been partially degraded by osteolysis. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the natural resorption of medullary bone during egg-shell formation in hens and following the withdrawal of oestrogen in cocks is induced by parathyroid hormone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 291-304 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Fluorescence ; Resorption ; Deposition ; Calcium ; Microradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Divers agents chimiques, colorés, fluorescents et se localisant dans les os, à savoir la tétracycline, l'alazazine rouge S et le DCAF, ont été administré en série à des rats sevrés et on a mesuré le taux de la formation et de la résorption osseuse sur les coupes transversales du tiers supérieur de la diaphyse. Ici la formation osseuse périostale s'effectue progressivement avec peu de changement endostéal. Avec alimentation carnée, la croissance des rats est significativement restreinte pendant la première semaine, mais se rétablit ensuite. Bien qu'il y ait croissance des os, ceux-ci ne se minéralisent pas normalement et ils deviennent rapidement fragiles et amincis. La résorption osseuse est lente d'abord, puis s'accelère pendant 2–3 semaines pour atteindre un taux de 15μ par jour, après quoi elle se ralentit de nouveau. Bien que le taux de formation osseuse soit réduit, en comparaison avec celui des os normaux, la résorption s'effectue environ deux à trois fois plus rapidement que la croissance osseuse. Des études microradiographiques sur des rats à régime carné mais carencés en calcium ont permis la constatation suivante: tandis que la résorption s'effectue à la marge endostéale et que la formation osseuse a lieu sur l'aspect périostéal, la matière osseuse nouvellement formée est moins calcifiéc que chez les témoins.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Einige farbige, fluoreszierende, knochensuchende Chemikalien, z. B. Tetracyclin, Alazarin-Rot S und CDAF, wurden nacheinander an entwöhnten Ratten verabreicht, worauf man die Knochenbildungs- und Knochenresorptionswerte an hartgeschliffenen Schnitten des oberen Drittels der Diaphyse gemessen hat. Hier findet fortschreitend periostale Knochenbildung statt, mit geringer Veränderung des Endosteums. Bei Fleischdiät wird das Körperwachstum während der ersten Woche erheblich beschränkt; danach aber normalisiert es sich wieder. Obwohl die Knochen noch wachsen, zeigen sie keine normale Mineralisierung und werden schnell zerbrechlich und dünn. Die Knochenresorption ist anfangs langsam, dann beschleunigt sie sich während einer Zeitspanne von 2–3 Wochen bis auf 15 μ pro Tag, um sich dann wieder zu verlangsamen. Während die Knochenbildungsgeschwindigkeit relativ zum Normalwert heruntergesetzt wird, verläuft die Resorption ungefähr 2–3mal so schnell wie die Knochenbildung. Mikroradiographische Untersuchungen an mit Fleisch ernährten Ca-armen Ratten haben bestätigt, daß während die Resorption am Endosteumrande stattfindet und sich die Knochenbildung an der Periostenfläche fortsetzt, die neugebildete Knochensubstanz weniger kalzifiziert ist, als die der Kontrolltiere.
    Notes: Abstract Different coloured, fluorescent bone-seeking chemicals, viz., tetracycline, Alizarin Red S, and DCAF, have been administered sequentially to weanling rats and the rate of formation and resorption of bone measured from hard-ground cross sections of the upper third of the diaphysis of the femur. On a meat diet, bodily growth is significantly restricted for the first week and then recovery occurs. While bones grow they fail to mineralize normally and rapidly become fragile and rarefied. Resorption of bone is at first slow, then accelerates for a period of 2–3 weeks to about 15μ/day and then slows again. While the rate of bone formation is reduced relative to normal bone, resorption proceeds at approximately two to three times the rate of bone growth. Microradiographic studies confirm tht while resorption occurs on the endosteal margin and formation proceeds on the periosteal aspect of meat fed Ca-deficient rats, new bone is less calcified than that in control animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 39-47 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dehydroepiandrosterone ; Calcification ; Embryo ; Tissue Culture ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les modes d'utilisation de glucose, le contenu de calcium et d'hydroxyproline et la densité cellulaire du perioste de les os frontaux d'embryons de poulet de 12 et 13 jours de developpement, cultivés sur coagulum de plasma, se presentant différenment à chaque âge. Cultivés avec sulfate de déhydroèpiandrostérone en concentration 1 mM, les frontaux de 12 jours montrent un synthese augmentée du matrice osseuse, celle de 13 jours se calcifient à une vélocité significativement plus grande que celle des os contôles. Le degré de calcification au quatrième jour de culture measuré par la relation calcium/hydroxyproline, suit un fonction lineáire avec le logarithme des doses de sulfate de dehydroepiandrostérone employées (0.5, 1,0 et 2,0 mM). Les renseignements obtenus indiquent que les frontaux de 13 jours, cultivés “in vitro” constituent modeles experimentaux appropriés pour étudier l'effet des androgénes sur le tissue osseux.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Stirnbeine von Hühnerembryonen an ihrem 12. und 13. Entwicklungstag entnommen und in vitro kultiviert zeigen verschiedene Arten der Glucoseverwertung der Periostzellendichte, des Calcium- und Hydroxyprolingehaltes. Wird Dehydroepiandrosteronsulfat dem Medium in einer 1 mM-Konzentration zugegeben, so beteiligen sich die 12tägigen Stirnbeine vorwiegend an der Knochengewebesynthese, während die 13tägigen signifikant stärker verkalken als die Kontrollen. Gemessen an der Calcium/hydroxyprolin Ratio bildet die Verkalkung der 13tägigen Stirnbeine eine lineare Funktion mit den Logarithmen der verwendeten Dosen von Dehydroepiandrosteronsulfat (0,5, 1,0 und 2,0 mM). Das in vitro kultivierte 13tägige Stirnbein schein ein geeignetes Experimentiermodell zur Studie der Dehydroepiandrosteronsulfatwirkung auf das Knochengewebe zu sein, weil es das grundlegende Phänomen (erhöhte Verkalkung) wiedergibt, welches man auch bei mit Androgenen behandelten Menschen und Tieren beobachtet.
    Notes: Abstract Chick embryo frontal bones at 12 and 13 days of development cultivatedin vitro exhibit different patterns of glucose utilization, periosteal cellular density and calcium and hydroxyproline content. When dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is added to the medium at a concentration 1 mM, 12-day frontals engage primarily in osteoid tissue synthesis while 13-day frontals calcify at a significantly greater rate than controls. Measured with the ratio calcium/hydroxyproline, the calcification of 13-day frontals follows a linear function with the logarithm of the doses of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate employed (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM). The 13-day frontal bone cultivatedin vitro seems to be an adequate experimental model for the study of the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on bone tissue because it reproduces the basic phenomenon (increased calcification) observed in man and animals treated with androgens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 3 (1969), S. 107-124 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Aspidin ; Bone ; Cartilage ; Dentine ; Evolution ; Fossil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 48-59 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Solubility ; Microscopy ; Polarization ; Fluoride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Moyennant und systèmein vitro dont la composition liquide fut variée nous avons pu faire grandir ou dissoudre des cristaux osseux. Ces changements qui se manifestent par des changements de la biréfrigence extrinsique du tissu osseux, ont été suivis à l'aide du microscope polarisant et aussi du microscope électronique. De même l'entrée de45Ca dans les cristaux a été mesurée dans certains cas. Les cristaux osseux sont hétérogènes quant à leur solubilité. Le produit de solubilité du minéral osseux, exprimé par la relationp [Ca]+p[P], est de 6.51±0.07 (σ) mesuré par la microscopie polarisante à l'instant où les changements furent les plus petits. Ce chiffre s'accorde avec les résultats des autres chercheurs qui ont mesuré la solubilité de la poudre osseuse par des autres méthodes. La solubilité des cristaux dans notre système varie inversement avec les concentrations des ions hydroxyliques ou fluors, mais varie directement avec la concentration des ions citriques.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ein Systemin vitro ermöglichte es durch Veränderung der Zusammensetzung der umgebenden Lösung das Wachstum und die Auflösung von Knochenkristallen herbeizuführen. Die hervorgebrachten Veränderungen konnten dank der doppelbrechenden Eigenschaften des Knochengewebes mit dem Polarisationsmikroskop festgestellt werden. Diese Beobachtungen wurden durch Untersuchungen am Elektronenmikroskop und Bestimmungen der45Ca-Aufnahme gestützt. Die Knochenkristalle erwiesen sich als heterogen in bezug auf ihre Löslichkeit. Wenn die hervorgerufene Kristallveränderung im Polarisationsmikroskop minimal war, so entsprach das Gesamtlöslichkeitsprodukt des Knochenminerals, ausgedrückt als p[Ca]+p[P] 6,51±0,07 (S.D.). Diese Resultate bestätigten die Befunde anderer Forscher, welche die Knochenpulverlöslichkeit mittels konventioneller Methoden bestimmten. Die Löslichkeit der Kristalle bei diesem Systemin vitro variierte entgegengesetzt zur Hydroxyl- und Fluoridionenkonzentration, aber im gleichen Sinne wie die Citrationenkonzentration.
    Notes: Abstract Anin vitro system was used to induce growth and dissolution of bone crystals by manipulating the composition of their fluid environment. The induced changes could be detected with the polarizing microscope because of the extrinsic birefringence of the bone tissue. Supporting observations were made with the electron microscope and by determining45Ca uptake. The bone crystals were found to be heterogeneous with regard to their solubility. When induced crystal changes were minimal by polarization microscopy the overall solubility product of the bone mineral expressed asp [Ca]+p[P] was 6.51±0.07 (S.D.). This result corroborated the findings of other investigators who determined bone powder solubility by conventional methods. Solubility of the crystals in thein vitro system varied inversely with hydroxyl ion and fluoride ion concentration, but directly with citrate ion concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 2-2 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 3-9 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 19F and 31P decoupling experiments are used to simplify the proton spectra of para-substituted derivatives of triphenyl phosphine, prior to 1H-{1H} tickling experiments. 3J(31P…H) and 4J(31P…H) are positive, and 5J(31P…19F) is negative in the trivalent phosphorus derivatives, and all become more positive as the valency of the phosphorus atom is increased. A triple resonance experiment is used to show that 7J(31P…H) in [p-CH3C6H4CH2P⊕(C6H5)3] is negative. The double resonance technique is used to relate the 31P chemical shifts to the tetramethylsilane resonant frequency.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 88-89 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 90-92 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 93-99 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The theory for deceptive simplicity in the NMR spectra of oriented molecules is discussed in terms of degeneracy of subspectra. The conditions for the degeneracy of AB, AB2 and AA′BB′ spectra leading to deceptive simplicity in the spectra of the type ABX, AB2X, AA′BB′X and AA′XX′ are reported.It is shown that the conditions for deceptive simplicity are easily fulfilled for ABX, AA′BB′X and AA′XX′ cases. It is further demonstrated that deceptive simplicity is not so common in AB2X spectra.The proton spectra of partially oriented 2,4,5-trichloronitrobenzene (AB) and 2,6-dibromo-pyridine (AB2) are use to illustrate degeneracy and those of p-chloro- and p-bromo-fluorobenzenes are reported to demonstrate deceptive simplicity.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 101-108 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An NMR study of some bridged bicyclo and tricyclo compounds yielded unusual spectra with respect to solvent effects and virtual coupling. As is the general case for most large polycyclic systems a complete analysis of the spectrum is not possible and the structural details derived from NMR are based on a partial analysis of the spectrum. If the accessible resonances correspond to protons adjacent to methylene groups, the resonance patterns and the chemical shifts may be strongly dependent upon solvent. For 6-endo-hydroxy, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,endo-carboxylic acid lactone (1), 6-endo-hydroxy, 2-exo-methyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2-endo-carboxylic acid lactone (2), and exo-3,4,exo-8,9-diepoxy, endo-tricyclo[5,2,1,02,6]decane (3), resonances for each fall in this class and the change induced by solvent are attributed to virtual coupling as well as a change in the overall splitting pattern.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 109-123 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The barriers to rotation about the C—N bond in eighteen substituted N,N-dimethylbenzamides have been determined by complete line shape analysis of the NMR spectra of the N,N-dimethyl protons. The barriers have been correlated with the substituent constants σ and σ+. It has been shown that polar solvents increase the barrier in N,N-dimethylbenzamide.Acid catalysis of rotation about the amide C—N bond in N-(p-N,N-dimethylcarboxamidobenzyl)-pyridinium bromide has been investigated. 18O exchange studies show that catalysis is due to N-protonation rather than the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate. The rate of rotation is a function of the Hammett acidity function, H0, and the water activity, and it is shown that proton exchange between the N- and O-protonated species involves the intermediacy of a water molecule.The differences in chemical shifts for the non-equivalent N, N-dimethyl groups of the benzamides are also a function of the substituents. Possible explanations of this phenomenon are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 190-190 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The ring inversion of cyclohexane derivatives with one, two and three pairs of geminal methyl and alkoxyl groups has been studied by investigations of the temperature dependence of the NMR signals.The rate of the inversion depends on the number and the relative positions of the ligand pairs as well as on their size. A single pair of geminal ligands has only a very slight effect on the inversion rate. Two ligand pairs hinder the inversion when they are in the 1 and 4 positions relative to one another, but facilitate it when they are in the 1 and 3 positions. In both cases the effects are smaller with methoxyl groups than with methyl groups.Three ligand pairs significantly increase the inversion rate when they are in the 1, 3 and 5 positions, but reduce it when they are in the 1, 2 and 4 positions.The effect of 1,3 substituents is attributed to an increase in the energy of the ground state of the molecules whereas the effect of 1,4 arranged substituents is attributed to an increase in the energy of the transition state of the chair inversion.
    Notes: Mittels der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Protonenresonanzsignale wurde die sesselinversion von Cyclohexanderivaten mit ein, zwei und drei Paaren geminaler Methyl- und Alkoxylgruppen untersucht.Die Geschwindigkeit der Sesselinversion hängt von der Zahl und der relativen Stellung der Ligandenpaare sowie von der Größe der Liganden ab.Ein Paar geminaler Liganden verändert die Inversionsgeschwindigkeit nur unwesentlich.Zwei Liganden-Paare erschweren die Inversion, wenn sie in 1- und 4-Position zueinander stehen, erleichtern sie jedoch, wenn die in 1- und 3-Position zueinander angeordnet sind. Beide Effekte sind bei Methoxylgruppen kleiner als bei Methylgruppen.Drei Liganden-Paare erhöhen die Umklapphäufigkeit besonders stark, wenn sie in 1-, 3- und 5- Position zueinander stehen, vermindern sie hingegen, wenn sie in 1-, 2- und 4-Position angeordnet sind.Der Effekt 1,3-ständiger Substituenten wird auf Erhöhung des Energieinhaltes des Grundzustandes der Molekeln, der Effekt 1,4-ständiger Substituenten auf Erhöhung des Energieinhaltes des Übergangszustandes der Sesselinversion zuriückgeführt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 203-208 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Detailed interpretations of the spectra of four of the possible isomeric cyclopentadiene trimers are given. It is shown that the geometry of the ring fusion can be determined by measuring the chemical shifts of the bridge protons and of the allylic proton on the cyclopentene ring 3a-H.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 191-202 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The accuracy of several methods for deuterium content determination in organic molecules are tabulated. The sample-substitution (using one or two NMR sample tubes) and internal standard (inter- or intra-molecular) processes are discussed and compared. These methods are applied to some examples and the NMR results are confirmed by mass spectrometry.
    Notes: Les précisions de différentes méthodes de détermination du taux de deutériation de molécules organiques par RMN sont évaluées. On compare successivement les méthodes de changement de tube-échantillon et les méthodes utilisant un étalon interne. Ces méthodes sont ensuite appliquées au dosage du deutérium dans plusieurs molécules et les résultats sont comparés à des mesures de spectrographie de masse.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 209-212 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The two stereochemically distinct two-bond carbon-13- hydrogen coupling constants J(13C—CH), for α-chlorostyrene-α-13C have been shown to be of similar magnitude but opposite sign (-6.3 and +5.6 Hz). A simple additivity relationship which adequately reproduces all the reported J(13C—CH) values for chloroethylenes has been found.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Various complexes of boron trifluoride and typical organo-phosphours compounds have been investigated using proton and fluorine resonance (at variable temperature) and boron and phosphorus resonance. In BF3, boron resonance is insensitive to the complex strength, but fluorine resonance suggests the possibility of various types of complexes on the phosphorus group or, additionally on the heteroatoms (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen) of the molecule. These complexes are probably σ type. Proton chemical shifts in the organo-phosphorus compounds follow the same trends as in similar complexes of amines, esters etc.; these perturbations may be mainly due to magnetic anisotropy effects; proton-phosphorus couplings conversely follow changes in phosphorus electronegativity.
    Notes: On a étudié, en résonance du proton et du fluor (à température variable) ainsi qu'en résonance du bore et du phosphore, un certain nombre de complexes entre BF3 et des composés organo-phosphorés typiques. En ce qui concerne BF3, la résonance de bore reste insensible à la force du complexe; par contre, la résonance du fluor suggéère l'existence de plusieurs types de complexes, soit sur le groupe phosphoré, soit sur les hétéroatomes (par example N, O) de la molécule. Ces complexes sont vraisemblablement de type σ pur. Le déplacement chimique des protons dans la molécule organo-phosphorée subit sensiblement les mêmes perturbations que dans les autres molécules complexables (amines, esters, etc.); ces perturbations peuvent provenir avant tout d'effets d'anisotropie magnétiques; par contre, les couplages proton-phophore suivent la modification de l'électronégativité de ce dernier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 491-491 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 331-333 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a series of straight chain aliphatic ketones which has been studied, it has been shown that the structural requirement for loss of water from the molecular ions produced by electron-impact is an alkyl group of seven or more carbon atoms attached to the carbonyl function.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 843-861 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 877-892 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of enol derivatives of β-diketones, such as enol ethers and enaminies are discussed. Their behaviour under electron-impact is in accordance with the fragmentation we suggested for an acyclic β-diketone in the enol form.Rearrangement of the enol functional group is observed in the spectra. This process is a general one, as it show not only migration of oxygen and nitrogen in the enol ethers and enamines, but also migeration of sulphur and chlorine in the thio-ether and in 4-chloro-3-pentene-2-one.Enol derivatives are suitable compounds for determining the branching of alkyl chains in β-diketones.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 893-900 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The main fragmentation sequences of glycollide and its homologues are initiated by fission of a CO—O bond, leading to the formation of fragment ions of low, m/e, such as [R1CO]+ and [CR1R2CCO]+. When a hydrogen atom is present on a ring carbon atom, 1,3 hydrogen migration occurs to produce [CHR2OH]+. In case where a ring carbon atom carries an alkylchain ≥ C2H5, a McLafferty rearrangement occurs with the adjacent carbonyl group. When both ring carbon atoms are dimethyl substituted, a 1,4 hydrogen migration must be invoked to account for the observed fragmentation sequence.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 907-914 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of ortho substituents in nitrobenzence radical cation decompositions are discussed for non-interacting halogen substituents. These effects are distinct from those of the same substituents in the meta and para positions, and support previous indications that ring position identity is retained in nitrobenzene molecular ions. More importantly, the steric effect of the halo substituents may be gauged from these data; it indicates that several previously suggested mechanisms for the loss of NO must be reconsidered. The existence of steric effect in very well defined systems may be used as a structural tool in organic mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1039-1039 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1037-1038 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1061-1065 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrozen randomization precedes the formation of M+· — H· and M+· — CH3· species from the stilbene molecular ion at 15 eV. The carbon atom involved in the M+· — CH3· elimination originates randomly from the whole molecule. The [M — 15] ion (m/e 165) in the spectra of stilbene and 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene is produced from a common ion.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1141-1144 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Calculations have been carried out, using the Quasi-Equilibrium Theory of Mass Spectra to show that a decrease in penetration of the accelerating field intol the ion source of a mass spectrometer may significantly increase the number of primary daughter ions [A]+ produced from a molecular ion [M]+ in the source. The calculations show that this effect appears to be more important than the decay of [M]+ between source and collector in implementing an increase in [A]+/[M]+ at the collector with decreasing accelerator potential.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1175-1177 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron-impact induced fragmentation of eight aziridinones has been studied by conventional as well as by high resolution mass spectrometry. All α-lactams exhibit a molecular ion. The major primary step, in the fragmentation, is the ejection of carbon monoxide from the molecular ion. Ions of the general formula R1—NC and R2R3C=O were found in the mass spectra of all α-lactams investigated. A skeletal rearrangement to rationalize these ions is proposed. The fragmentation of the molecular ion is affected by the N-substituent. Exact mass measurement and specific deuterium labeling indicate the absence of McLafferty rearrangement from either the N- or C-substituent.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The [M] → [M — CH3] reaction in a series of m- and p-X substituted ethylbenzenes has been studied by wide range electron energy kinetics and metastable ion characteristics techniques. By this approach, qualitative measures of activation evergy differences between [XC6H4CH2]+ ions derived from m- and p-X isomer substrates have been secured, for both their formation and further decomposition. These evergy differences are consistent with (but do not prove) ion structures that have been suggested by previous work in this area, involving the use of isotope labeling, and ionization and appearance potential methods.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Besides o-benzoquinones and o-naphthoquinones, p-quinones and stilbene quinones also exhibit [M + 2]+·-peaks. These are mainly produced by the residual moisture in the mass spectrometer and are more dependent on the partial pressure of the compounds and of the present water respectively, than on the temperature. The spectra of the [M + 2]+·-ions correspond to those of the ionized quinols. There exists a parallelism between the redox potential and the intensity of the [M + 2]+·-peak of p-quinonoid systems. The electron-impact induced fragmentations of 2,6-ditert.-butyl-benzoquinone-(1,4) and 3,5-di-tert.-butylbenzoquinone-(1,2) are discussed.
    Notes: Außber den o-Benzochinonen und o-Naphthochinonen zeigen auch p-Chinone, sowie Diphenochinone und Stilbenchinone [M + 2]+·-Peaks. Diese beruhenim wesentlichen auf der Restfeuchtigkeit mi Massenspektrometer und hängen stärker vom Partialdruck dersubstanzen bzw. des Wassers als von der Temperatur ab. Die Spektren der [M + 2]+·-Ionen entsprechen denjenigen der zugehörigen ionisierten Hydrochinone. Zwischen dem Redoxpotential und der Instensität des [M + 2]+·-Peaks p-chinoider Systeme besteht ein Zusammenhang. Die elektronenstoßinduzierte Fragmentierung von 2.6-Di-tert.-butyl-benzochinon-(1.4) und 3.5-Di-tert.-butylbenzochinon-(1.2) wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A system is described in which computer techniques are used to carry out major steps in the procedure for interpretation of high-resolution mass spectral data. These steps include identification and evaluation of the molecular ion, neutral fragments lost from the molecular ion, and characteristic ion series, followed by elucidation of specific structural details using a sub-routine for the particular compound class selected. The technique shows promise of not only increasing the interpreter's efficiency, but of providing more specific and detailed structural information from the spectral data.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 17-31 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of twenty-six commercially available medicinal phenothiazines have been determined at high resolution. In each compound, the side chain attached to the 10-position of the phenothiazine ring contains nitrogen and fission of the C—C bond α to this nitrogen gives in most cases the base peak. Some of the compounds are also substituted at the 2-position and this substituent generally remains intact, though some substituents such as acetyl, propionyl, methoxyl and methylthio can undergo fragmentation. Fragmentations fall into three groups; those which give ions representing a part of the side chain; those which give ions representing the intact phenothiazine ring with part of the side chain attached; those which give ions representing a partially fragmented ring system.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 33-36 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Under electron-impact, N-alkyl trifluoracetamides exhibit peaks due to [CF3]+ and [M — CF3]+. Ions corresponding to [COCF3]+ are absent. The base peak in many straight chain derivatives occurs at m/e 126 due to alkyl radical loss from the molecular ion; the mass of this ion rising to m/e 140 in the α-substituted N-sec-butyltrifluoracetamide and to m/e 154 in the tert-butyl derivative. High resolution measurements on a number of peaks indicate that they originate by loss of HF from other fragment ions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1103-1115 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the alkyl cyanides up to n-pentyl cyanide were studied. Using metastablel ion transitions, appearance potentials and deuterium labelling, the fragmentation patterns, spectral characteristics and trends for this series can be given. The investigation of labelled compounds demonstrates the specificity of rearrangement and normal decomposition processes. Alkyl ions in nitriles are produced by simple cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond, while ions of the type [M -alkyl]+, which at the first sight could originate in the same way, are presumably formed via cyclic intermediates and are in fact rearrangement ions.Apart from the known γ and δ-hydrogen rearrangements, there is novel evidence for a β-hydrogen rearrangement via a five-membered ring transition state.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1171-1173 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1309-1314 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of a series of deuteriated polymethylbenzenes confirm and extend the model derived from labeled p-xylenes for the loss of a methyl radical under electron impact. A methyl group flanked by two methyls undergoes no exchange before being lost. But one adjacent to an unsubstituted position appears to exchange with the o-hydrogen atom via a methyl-methylene-methyl cycle. At least in p-xylene, reformation of the methyl group may well be concerted with its loss. A similarly concerted coupling of CH2 and H and loss of the resultant methyl group could account for an apparent inconsistency between the mass spectra of methyl alkyl and phenyl alkyl ketones.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 425-426 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structure elucidation of organic compounds is only one of the applications of mass spectrometry to chemistry. Important subjects are also mass spectrometric quantitative analysis of mixtures of inorganic and of organic compounds, determination of isotopes and related problems. In ‘Massenspektrometrie’, edited by H. Kienitz, all these applications are discussed together with an excellent introduction to the function of mass spectrometers and the techniques of measurement. This book contains a lot of information and stimulation for mass spectroscopists and chemists, and is especially recomended for use in analytical laboratories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The field ionization mass spectra of a series of nucleosides are reported, and compared with spectra obtained by conventional electron-impact ionization. The latter are complex, with structurally significant molecular ion and sugar cleavage peaks often of low intensity or completely absent. In contrast, the field ion spectra are extremely simple, with all except guanosine (highest mass peak [M  -  18]) showing intense molecular ion peaks, and the characteristic sugar (S) and base (B + H) cleavage products as the only other important fragments.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 549-550 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 553-565 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eleven isomeric octenes were converted to the corresponding dideuterio derivatives and the mass spectra recorded. The cracking patterns of the various dideuterioctanes are unique and the distribution of peaks representing the higher molecular weight ions can be predicted using a simple fragmentation model. The application of this technique to the determination of the position of the double bond in olefins of known carbon skeleton is discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 603-609 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of the four stereoisomeric 1-methyldecalins and the four 2-methyldecalins have been measured. For each set of stereoisomers, the order of relative intensity of the parent-less-CH3 ion, but not of the parent ion, parallels the order of relative stability of the molecules. The correlation suggests that loss of the methyl group from the members of each set of stereoisomers leads to a common product, with the differing conformational energies converting into differences in vibrational energy, which in turn lead to differing extents of further decomposition.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of five aryl (I to V) and four alkylsulfonylthioureas (VI toIX) have been recorded and mechanistic rationalizations are suggested for their principal fragmentation processes. The aryl analogs exhibited peaks in their mass spectra corresponding to skeletal rearrangements with elimination of SO2 from their molecular ions but this fragmentation was absent in those alkylsulfonylthioureas (VI to IX) examined.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 653-654 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of the two compounds 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane and 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane are presented.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 901-906 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cortisol is thermally unstable. It is easily decomposed by loss of ketence and water. The spectrum of the resulting 11β-hydroxy-Δ4-androsten-3,17-dion can be superimposed upon the spectrum of the undecomposed cortisol, which only can be obtained free of the decomposition product under carefully controlled conditions. The thermal degradation product can be eaisly detected by its molecular peak at mass 302 and a key fragment at mass 163, which are nearly absent in the spectrum of cortisol. Cortisol is therefore an excellent testing material for the quality of inlet systems.
    Notes: Cortisol ist thermisch instabil. Es zersetzt sich leicht unter Verlust von Keten und Wasser, Das Spektrum das entstehenden 11β-Hydroxy-Δ4-androsten-3,17-dions überlagert sich dem Cortisolspektrum, das man frei von Zerstezungsprodukt nur unter sorgfältiger Einhaltung der Aufnahmebedingungen erhält Das thermische Zersetzungsprodukt läßt sich leicht an seinem Molekül-Ion der Masse 302 und einem Schlüsselbruchstück der Masse 163 erkennen, die im Cortisolspektrum nahezu völlig fehlen, so daß Cortisol eine ausgezechnete Testsubstanz zur Qualitätsprüfung vonEinlass-Systemen darstellt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1033-1035 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigation of metastable ion transitions shows, that spontaneous charge separations (loss of an electron from a cation) and ion-pair formations (loss of negative ions from positive ones)are taking place in conventional mass spectrometry. Such processes may be important factors in formation of doubly charged ions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 136-136 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of a series of 2-substituted 8-hydroxyquinolines and related compounds are reported. Fragmentation pathways based upon interpretation of spectra and metastable transitions for 8-quinolinol; 2-methyl-8-quinolinol; 4-methyl-8quinolinol; 2-hydroxymethyl-8-quinolinol; 2-aminomethyl-8-quinolinol; 8-quinolinol-2-carboxaldehyde; 8-quinolinol-2-carb-oxaldehyde oxime; and 8-quinolinol-2-carboxaldehyde tert-butylimine are discussed, as are dissociations in the related compounds 2-hydroxymethyl quinoline and quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde oxime. It is suggested that the molecular ions of 2-substituted-8-quinolinols undergo rearrangement to a substituted azatropylium ion prior to dissociation. An ion of m/e 89 has been observed in these spectra and is considered to be characteristic of the quinoline nucleus bearing an X-substituent in any position, where X = OR, SR, NH2 etc. (R = H, CH3, etc).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 335-335 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 427-429 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that FI mass spectra can serve to elucidate some structural features and determine the molecular weights of mono- and oligosaccharides.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 751-753 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurement of metastable ion abundances over a dynamic range of 105 is possible with a specially designed mass spectrometer.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 757-759 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The [YC6H5O]+· ions from YC6H4OC2H5 appear to correspond in structure to the molecular ions of the analogous substituted phenols, [YC6H4OH]+·.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 965-975 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Derivatives of eriostoic and eriostemoic acids (II and III) and their tetrahydro analogs (VI and IX) which contain the bis-2,2-dimethylchromene and the bis-2,2-dimethylchroman ring systems respectively, fragment subsequent to electron-impact in characteristic fashion. The former yield mass spectra dominated by the loss of a methyl radical from their molecular ions while the latter exhibit preferential fragmentation of the heterocyclic ring system. In particular the hydrogen transfer process accompanying elemination of C4H7 from the parent ion of bis-2,2-dimethylchromans was investigated by deuterium labeling studies. Fragment ions containing the bis-2,2-dimethylchroman ring undergo further fragmentation by the loss of C4H8 rather than C4H7. An unusual elimination of CH5 (accompanied by the appropriate metastable ion) from the molecular ions of the 3,5-dinitrobenzoate esters (XIV and XV) was observed in their mass spectra.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 985-995 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An investigation of competing metastable transitions in the mass spectra of ethylene ketals RSRLC(OCH2)2 (where RL is a larger n-alkyl group than RS) has established that in most cases RS is lost with a lower activation energy than RL. This technique has also been applied to ketones RSRLC=O, to show again that RS is usually lost with the lower activation energy (thus supporting earlier data based on relative daughter ion abundances at the threshold). In the classes of compounds so far investigated, although [M+ - RS] ions are formed with lower activation energies than [M+ - RL] ions, the ion yield of [M+ - RS] ions is anomalously low from ions of high internal energy. Factors which may influence the [M+ - RS]/[M+ - RL] ratio of daughter ion intensities are examined. It is suggested that at the threshold [M+ - RS] and [M+ - RL] ions may be formed with rearrangement, or from an electronic state that cannot be effectively populated from molecular ions of high internal energies.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1181-1182 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 1183-1199 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Original mass spectra of uracil and thymine derivatives are presented with the corresponding fragmentation schemes.In the first series of spectra, the fragmentations of thymine derivatives, including 14C-2-thymine, dimers, and bromo thymines, confirm the basic retro Diels-Alder mechanism.The second series includes dihydro 5,6-derivatives of uracil (hydroxy and bromo substituents). The behaviour of these molecules is quite different; they are more sensitive to the substituents and a part of the fragmentation is often explained by protonated molecular ions.
    Notes: Nous présentons und série de spectres de masse originaux, de dérivés de l'uracile et de la thymine, ainsi que les schémas de fragmentation correspondants.L'étude d'une première série de molécules, à caractère aromatique, dont une marquée au 14C, a permis de confirmeer le mécanisme de base de la fragmentation comme étant un ‘retro Diels Alder’.Une deuxième série, Saturée en positoin 5,6 du noyau, montre le caractère totalement différent de ces molécules, plus fragiles, plus sensibles à la nature des substituants et donnant un ion protoné [MH]+, responsable d'une partie des fragments observés.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: For the interpretation of experimental data on the activation energy and free activation enthalpy for the inversion of cyclohexane and its di-, tetra- and hexa-methyl derivatives, model calculations were made to determine the ‘relative’ energies of the ground, intermediate and transition states of the molecules. For this purpose Hendrickson's model was extended so that with internal molecular variables (bond lengths, valence and torsional angles) the topography and the ‘relative’ energy of every possible unsymmetrical conformation could be included.To obtain optimal agreement between the calculated values and the experimental results a total of 17 different combinations of potential functions for deformation of valence angles, torsional angles and H—H interactions were used. By application of the extended calculating procedure it was found that for cyclohexane the half-chair conformation is not, as until now assumed, the only transition conformation in chair inversion, but that there are numerous other unsymmetrical transition conformations with similar energies.The calculations for methyl cyclohexanes showed that for molecules with synaxial arrangement of methyl groups the relative energy of the chair form is considerably increased. The chair form is however still the most stable, even in the case of 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylcyclohexane. The most favourable twist conformations are about 2.6 to 6.5 kcal/mole energy richer.Calculation of activation energies showed that, with synaxial arrangement of two or more methyl groups, the relative energy of the transition conformation is less markedly increased than is that of the ground state, with the result that the activation energy is reduced in comparison with that for cyclohexane.
    Notes: Zur Interpretation der experimentell bestimmten Werte der Aktivierungsenergie bzw. der freien Aktivierungsenthalpie der Ringinversion wurden für Cyclohexan, 1,1-Dimethyl-, 1,1,3,3- und 1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl- sowie 1,1,3,5,5-Hexamethylcyclohexan Modellberechnungen des ‘relativen’ Energieinhalts von Grund-, Zwischen- und Übergangskonformationen durchgeführt. Dazu wurde das Hendrickson'sche Rechenmodell so erweitert, daß mit molekülinternen Variablen (Bindungsabständen, Valenz- und Torsionswinkeln) die Topographie und der ‘relative Energieinhalt’ jeder beliebigen unsymmetrischen Konformation berechnet warden können.Zur optimalen Anpassung der berechneten Daten an die experimentellen Ergebnisse wurden insgesamt 17 verschiedene Kombinationen von Potentialfunktionen für Deformation von Valenzund Torsionswinkeln und H—H-Wechselwirkung verwendet.Bei Anwendung des erweiteren Rechenverfahrens auf die Cyclohexanmolekel ergab sich, daß die halbsesselähnliche Konformation nicht, wie bisher angenommen, einzige Übergangskonformation der Sesselinversion ist, vielmehr gibt es außerdem unendlich viele unsymmetrische Übergangskon-formationen gleichen Energieinhalts. Die Rechnungen ergaben für die Methylcyclohexane, daß bei Molekülen mit synaxialer Anordnung von Methylgruppen der relative Energieinhalt des Sessels zwar stark angehoben ist, der Sessel ist jedoch in allen Fällen selbst bei den Molekeln des 1,1,3,3,5,5-Hexamethylcyclohexans die stabilste Konformation. Die günstigsten Twistkonformationen sind um 2,6 bis 6,5 kcal/mol energiereicher. Bei der Berechnung der Aktivierungsenergie wurde gefunden, daß bei synaxialer Stellung von mindestens zwei Methylgruppen der relative Energieinhalt der Übergangskonformation weniger stark angehoben ist als derjenige der Sesselform, wodurch die Aktivierungsenergie im Vergleich zum Cyclohexan erniedrigt wird; bei 1,4-Stellung der Substituenten wird dagegen der relative Energieinhalt der Übergangskonformation stärker angehoben als der des Grundzustandes, die Aktivierungsenergie wird erhöht.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 239-247 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton magnetic resonance chemical shifts and coupling constants for a series of 2-substituted-5-nitropyridines and 2-substituted-3-nitropyridines, both in the free base and protonated forms, are reported. The substituents were chloro, bromo, iodo, and hydroxyl. The effect of the substituents on the chemical shifts are substantial but not unusual. The coupling constants are less sensitive to the nature of the substituent and are perturbed only slightly when the ring nitrogen is protonated. This latter observation is consistent with the results of LCAO-MO calculations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 229-237 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton and 13C—H satellite spectra of five diethyl haloacetals have been analyzed and their spectral parameters obtained. The parameters for the ethoxy methylene protons indicate the extent of their magnetic nonequivalence. It has been found that these parameters are dependent on the degree of halogen substitution in the group Z, which is bonded to the central carbon atom, and correlate well with the corresponding group electronegativity values, a′ z, proposed by Huheey. The parallel behavior of the methylenic J(C—H) and chemical shifts indicates that a primarily through-bond mechanism is responsible for propagation of both the electronic and symmetry effects observed. Transmission factors calculated from the spectral data agree with independent estimates reasonably well, thus supporting the conclusions reached here.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 213-227 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton NMR spectra of 1-substituted 2,4-dimethylbenzenes (2), 1-substituted 2,6-dimethylbenzenes (3) and 1-substituted 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenes (4) were determined and the SCS values compared with those of monosubstituted benzenes (1). SCS of 1 are assumed to be primarily due to the effects of π-electron charge density, substituent electric field and substituent diamagnetic anisotropy, and the van der Waals interaction: thus \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm SCS = SCS}_{\pi {\rm}} + {\rm SCS}_{\rm E} + {\rm SCS}_{\rm A} + {\rm SCS}_{\rm V} $$\end{document} When, however, the substituent is sterically hindered, then: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm SCS}^{\rm '} {\rm = SCS}_{{\rm \pi}^{\rm '}} {\rm + SCS}_{{\rm E}^{\rm '}} {\rm + SCS}_{{\rm A}^{\rm '}} {\rm + SCS}_{\rm V} $$\end{document} \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ = {\rm c}_{\rm \pi} {\rm SCS}_{\rm \pi} {\rm + c}_{\rm E} {\rm SCS}_{\rm E} {\rm + c}_{\rm A} {\rm SCS}_{\rm A} {\rm + c}_{\rm V} {\rm SCS}_{\rm V} $$\end{document} where cπ∼V may be constants predictable from the theories associated with each component. By estimating SCSπ∼V or cπ∼V, a quantitative separation of SCS into their components was attempted. It is shown, however, that the data available, as well as the nature of this approach, cannot necessarily be sufficient for this purpose.Various effects which might also contribute to the proton NMR chemical shifts of sterically hindered molecules are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The proton magnetic resonance spectrum of acetyl-cyclobutadiene-irontricarbonyl has been measured including all observable 13C—H-coupling constants. The couplings are assigned and discussed with respect to structure and bonding properties of the molecule. The results exclude the structure of a cyclic conjugated diene with alternating double and single bonds.
    Notes: Das Protonenresonanz-Spektrum des Acetyl-cyclobutadien-eisentricarbonyls wurde einschließlich aller beobachtbaren 13C—H-Kopplungskonstanten vermessen. Die Kopplungen warden zugeordnet und im Hinblick auf Molekülstruktur und Bindungsverhältnisse diskutiert. Auf Grund der Messungen kann die Struktur eines cyclisch-konjugierten Diens mit alternierenden Doppel- und Eingachbindungen ausgeschlossen warden.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The NMR spectral parameters for some bromo- and iodo-substituted fluorobenzenes are presented, and the derived meta- and para- fluorine-fluorine couplings are shown to be in accord with the predictions made by Abraham et al., using an additive substituent constant scheme. While the approximation of additive substituent effects is quite good, it is shown, however, that with highly accurate experimental values there are small deviations from perfect additivity. The existence of a large solvent effect on 3JFF is demonstrated and the mechanism of this effect is discussed. It is emphasized that certain discrepancies in the literature between various values of the same 3JFF may be due to this large, hitherto unrecognized solvent dependence.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 389-399 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: PMR spectra of substituted 4-piperidones in base and salt forms in D2O, water and other solvents are reported, and spectral characteristics interpreted in terms of equilibria between free ketone and 4,4-dideuteroxy (or hydroxy) forms. It is shown that 1-mono and 1,3-disubstituted-4-piperidones exist extensively as the corresponding dideuteroxy (or hydrated) species in D2O (or H2O) provided the ring nitrogen atom is positively charged, and that 3-substituents decrease the population of these forms. The facile D/H exchange of α-protons in the piperidone bases is also demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 401-404 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: NMR solvent effects induced by aromatic solvents on some 1,4-dioxanes, 1,3-dioxolanes and on some sulphur analogue derivatives are reported. The shielding effect of the aromatic solvents is examined in respect to the structure of the solute.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 431-433 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5-Deutero-1-methylpyrazole was synthesised and used to assign multiplets in the PMR spectrum of 1-methylpyrazole.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The substituent effect on proton resonances and vicinal H, H-coupling constants in benzene derivatives is studied using linear regression analysis. The change in shielding observed on substitution, relative to the proton resonance in benzene, Δσ, can be expressed as \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta\sigma = - 1.04 \times 10^{- 12} {\rm E}_{\rm Z} - 1.08 \times 10^{- 18} {\rm E}^{\rm 2} + 9.17\Delta \rho + 0.18. $$\end{document}. This equation enables calculations of substituent effects on the basis of the dipolar and quadratic field effect (Ez, E2) and the π-charge density changes on the neighbouring C-atom (Δρ).The vicinal coupling constants show no correlation with the HMO-π-bond order. A linear regression using the well known dependence of the coupling constant on substituent electronegativity yields \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ ^3 {\rm J = 7}{\rm .63 + 0}{\rm .508}\Delta \alpha - 0.096\Delta \beta $$\end{document} where ΔEα and ΔEβ are the changes in electronegativity caused by substitution in α- or β-position, respectively, to the HCCH-fragment considered.
    Notes: Der Einfluß von Substituenten auf die Protonenresonanzen und die vicinalen H, H-Kopplungskonstanten in Benzolderivaten wird mit Hilfe linearer Ausgleichsrechnungen untersucht. Für die relativ zur Protonenresonanz des Benzols auftretende Abschirmungsänderung Δσ bei der Substitution wird die Beziehung \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta\sigma = - 1.04 \times 10^{- 12} {\rm E}_{\rm Z} - 1,08 \times 10^{- 18} {\rm E}^{\rm 2} + 9,17\Delta \rho + 0,18. $$\end{document} angegeben, die eine Berechnung der Substituenten-Effektes mit Hilfe des dipolaren und quadratischen Feldeffektes (Ez, E2) und der π-Ladungsdichte-Änderung am benachbarten C-Atom (Δρ) erlaubt.Die vicinalen Kopplungskonstanten lassen sich mit der HMO-π-Bindungsordnung nicht korrelieren. Eine Ausgleichsrechnung unter Benutzung der bekannten Abhängigkeit der Kopplung von der Substituenten-Elektronegativität liefert \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ ^3 {\rm J = 7}{\rm .63 + 0}{\rm .508}\Delta \alpha - 0.096\Delta \beta $$\end{document} wobei ΔEα und ΔEβ die durch Substitution bedingte Änderung der Elektronegativität in α- bzw. β-Stellung zum betrachteten HCCH-Fragment bedeuten.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The confromations of the unsaturated seven membered ring in 4,4,6,6-tetradeuterium-1,2-benzocycloheptene-(1) (1) and five benzocycloheptene derivatives were determined by NMR spectroscopy. For all investigated compounds at -80°C only one conformer was present in detectable quantity. By analysis of the NMR data - molecular symmetry, coupling constants and chemical shift - it can be shown that the conformation is always the chair form. The free conformational enthalpy of both the other conformations with boat or twist form of the ring is for all six compounds more than 1.8 kcal/mole.The experimental results agree with those from model calculations: thus for benzocycloheptene, the 5,5-dimethyl derivative (2) and the 4,4,6,6-tetramethyl derivative (4) the lowest energy was found for the chair conformation; the second most stable conformations were found to be the boat for 1 and 4, and the twist form for 2.
    Notes: Für 4.4.6.6-Tetradeuterium-1.2-benzocyclohepten-(1) (1) und fünf Benzocyclo-heptenderivate wurde PR-specktroskopisch die Konformation des ungesättigten Siebenringes bestimmt. Bei allen untersuchten Verbindungen liegt bei -80° nur ein Konformeres in nachweisbarer Menge vor. Durch Auswertung PR-spektroskopisch bestimmter Daten - Molekel-Symmetrie, Kopplungskonstanten, chemische Verschiebungen - kann gezeigt werden, daß dieses Konformere Sesselform hat. Die freie Konformationsenthalpie der beiden anderen Konformeren mit Wannen- bzw. Twist-Form des Siebenringes beträgt bei allen sechs Verbindungen mehr als 1,8 kcal/Mol.Mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen stimmen diejenigen von Modellrechnungen überein: Für die Molekeln des Benzocycloheptens sowie des 5.5-Dimethylderivates (2) und der 4.4.6.6-Tetramethylverbindung (4) wurde für die Sesselkonformation der niedrigste Energieinhalt berechnet; als zweitstabilste Konformation wurde bei 1 und 4 die Wanne, bei 2 hingegen die Twist-Form ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 1 (1969), S. 481-489 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies of line width and chemical shift vs. temperature for amide and hydroxyl proton magnetic resonance signals from: barbituric acid, dialuric acid, parabanic acid, alloxan and alloxan monohydrate dissolved in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 are reported. The behavior of the amide signals shows that, between 20 and 65°C, none of the compounds listed exhibits lactim-lactam tautomerism. The amide proton resonance in uracil has also been investigated. The signal is a closely spaced, equal intensity, doublet due to the non-equivalence of H(1) and H(3). Again, no evidence of tautomerism is observed. Activation energies for the hydroxyl resonances in dialuric acid and alloxan monohydrate indicate hydrogen bonding between solute and solvent. The results of simple LCAO-MO calculations are in accord with the experimental conclusions concerning tautomeric equilibria.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 175-194 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of ten dehydration and solvolysis products obtained from β-amyrin and glycyrrhetic acid were studied. With the exception of those resulting from ‘backbone’ rearrangement, they exhibited conventional fragmentation due to the ring C chromophore, like the parent alcohols. Only those products with a contracted ring A suffered loss of an isopropyl radical. In the latter type, special fragmentation features were exhibited by the isopropylcyclopentene and by the isopropylidene products. These differences enabled the assignment of probable structures for two unknown derivatives.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The C8H9+-ion, formed from the molecular ions of 2-phenyl-1-bromoethane, 1-phenyl-1-bromoethane and of 1-phenyl-1-nitroethane by loss of the bromine atom and of the nitro group, splits off a molecule of acetylene after an almost complete randomization of hydrogens, as proved by deuteration. An eight-membered ring structure for the C8H9+-ion is proposed to explain these results.By loss of the nitro group from the molecular ions of 1-phenyl-1-nitropropane and of 1-phenyl-2-nitropropane the well-known phenylated cyclopropane ion3 (C9H11)+ is generated. Mass spectra of analogues, specifically deuterated in the side-chain, show that in this ion a randomization of hydrogen atoms in the cyclopropane ring as well as a hydride transfer from the cyclopropane ring to the phenyl cation occur.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 223-239 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In 2,6-di-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, two successive, site-specific hydrogen transfers are necessary to account for the loss of carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 and 4, together with one hydrogen from C-8. The deuterated methyl geranate required for this study was readily converted to pseudo-ionone, in which a similar fission was shown to occur. Previous predictions about the β-ionone mass spectrum2 have been shown to be substantially correct, and its similarity to the mass spectra of benzylidence acetones is pointed out.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...