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  • 1960-1964  (3,922)
  • 1910-1914  (3,530)
  • 1890-1899  (8,112)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (15,341)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (223)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 309-319 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The authors describe continuous cultivations of Escherichia coli possessing high penicillin-acylase activity in corn-steep liquor, peptone, and ammonium phenylacetate containing nutrient medium. If the cultivation is performed in the absence of ammonium phenylacetate the enzymic activities of cells from the batch as well as the continuous cultures are very low. The enzymic activity of cells in the batch process was considerably increased by the addition of 0.015% ammonium phenylacetate to the nutrient medium. Further increase of ammonium phenylacetate concentration did not result in any further increase of acylase activity. Continuous cultivation of the bacteria at the above ammonium phenyl-acetate concentration was unsuccessful, as the enzymic activity of the bacteria constantly decreased during the process. On increasing the concentration of ammonium phenylacetate in the medium to 0.15% the authors succeeded in maintaining the enzymic activity of the bacteria at the same level as in the batch process performed at 0.015% concentration, throughout the whole continuous cultivation. At the dilution rate D = 0.5 hr.-1 the concentration of cells in the culture effluent from the fermentor at the steady state was equal to cell concentration at the end of batch cultivation. In relation to the cultivation time the output of cells in continuous cultivation is almost seven times higher as compared with the batch process.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Steam-sterilizable membrane probes for monitoring the dissolved oxygen level in fermentors, or the oxygen content of gas streams, are described. The probes have a silver cathode, a lead anode, and an acetate buffer as an electrolyte. The membrane is Teflon. The current output of the probes in the absence of oxygen is negligible.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 8-9 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 18-21 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 243-243 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two sources of oxygen for man in closed-cycle space system environment have been considered in previous studies: (1) photosynthesis using algae, and (2) electrolysis of water. The latter system appears to be the most promising from the standpoints of energy and weight requirements and ability to operate in a zero gravity field. The surplus hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water may be utilized together with waste carbon dioxide, part of the oxygen, and waste urea by bacteria of the genus Hydrogenomonas to produce cellular protein which might be used as a source of food. A continuous culture system for the propagation of hydrogen-fixing bacteria consists of a baffled borosilicate glass culture vessel provided with an impeller, a reservoir vessel for the culture medium, and an overflow vessel for collecting the bacterial cells removed from the culture vessel. Complete feedback control of all parameters affecting growth can be provided by hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide sensors, and a pH electrode in the culture medium. In addition, total pressure is monitored. Cell density is controlled in the optimum range by means of a photoelectric cell which dictates the amount of fresh medium to be added and the amount of cells to be removed. Operating data indicate that some of the key parameters are the ratio of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in solution. The harvested bacterial substance is high in protein, which contains all the essential amino acids.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 473-490 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 82-84 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 87-125 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 243-243 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 191-221 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Distillers' yeasts, strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, although capable of sexual reproduction, in distillery practice reproduce asexually, by budding. A cell may bring forth another one in 50 min. With every ounce of whiskey produced, 30 billion new cells come to existence. Within a few days, in 4-8 propagation stages, a test tube full of culture will populate 100,000 gallons beer with 150 million cells per ml. Rate of reproduction, the number of new cells per each original cell varies from 5 to 50 in the various propagation stages. The number of new cells produced in a given nutrient is independent from the number of initial cells; and the utilization of the nutrient increases with the dilution of the substrate. Although distillers' yeasts may reproduce at such extremes as 1-46°C, 2½-10½ pH, presence of 0-15% alcohol by volume, and 0.1-25% sugar content, in distillery practice the factors are so selected to maintain conditions close to the optimum. When placed in the nutrient the initial cells will measure the chemical and physical characteristics of the new living space and the cell population, and will prepare a design of reproduction best suited to the conditions. The design includes a symmetry in the grouping of the cells and a rhythmic timing in starting new buds. Each healthy cells is biologically equal to the others and is capable of performing all functions characteristic of the strain. In spite of the sensitive coordination system between the individual cells that regulates their activity, marked differences exist among the cells to the degree of cell individuality. Distillers yeasts are superbly equipped to live and reproduce.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 329-345 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During investigations of submerged fermentation of penicillin and chlortetracycline, we reached the conclusion that production in relation to oxygen transfer is relatively uninfluenced by the composition of the fermentation medium. The maximum penicillin production, using the strain Penicillium chrysogenum NG in flasks on a shaker was uniformly achieved in all investigated media with an oxygen transfer rate of 0.81; and in chlortetracycline, using strain Streptomyces aureofaciens BMK-11, with an oxygen transfer rate of 0.59 ml. O2/ml./hour. The primary factor which influences the antibiotics production is the transfer of oxygen into the liquid. The absolute volume of production is, however, partly influenced by mechanical conditions of fermentation and the composition of the medium.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 361-365 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of Bacillus subtilis to accumulate guanosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-GMP) extracellularly was demonstrated by isolation of 85% pure 5′-GMP from the broth. In addition, a compound with the properties of guanosine 5′ diphosphate was obtained from the same broth.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 367-379 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous flow-type reactors have been used to study the kinetics of biological systems for quite some time. For continuous media sterilization, tubular flow reactors are particularly useful being simple in character and easy to control. However, one aspect quite often neglected in sterilization calculations is the residence time distribution of the reactor system. Serious errors in estimating the degree of bacterial destruction can be encountered if the residence time distribution is neglected; especially when a high degree of destruction is desired. This paper reports a study made to characterize and use the residence time distribution of a tubular reactor in the interpretation of high-temperature, short exposure time data for inactivation of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores. Mathematical models accounting for the residence time distribution of the tubular reactor have been proposed and employed to obtain high-temperature death-rate data.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A cultivation apparatus made up from six small (80-800 ml.) glass units with independent pH-, aeration-, and foam control is described. Exchangeable attachments made it possible to run the unit both batchwise and continuous and to connect up the units in various fashions.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 159-165 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method has been devised for the estimation in fermentation media, of 1-dehydro-17-α-methyltestosterone in the presence of 17-α-methyltestosterone. This method involves the extraction of the steroids with chloroform, and spectrophotometric measurement of the chromogen formed by a specific color reaction with sulfuric acid and 1-dehydro-17-α-methyltestosterone. The fermentation liquor and 17-α-methyltestosterone do not interfere. With this rapid (30 min.) method, quantitative tests on the progress of the steroid transformation can be made at frequent intervals during one fermentation run, these tests yielding the necessary information for an adequate control of the optimum conditions of production.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 167-171 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Solubilization of proteins from cereals, legumes, and oil seed cakes by alkali peptization and isoelectric precipitation is adversely affected if the source material is pretreated by ethanol or cooked under pressure. The degree of hydrolysis by trypsin of protein isolates obtained from unautoclaved materials is, however, considerably raised by heat treatment prior to enzymatic digestion.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 299-307 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A soil isolate, HD-5, identified as closely resembling Candida intermedia, was grown on normal alkanes ranging from dodecane (C12) to octadecane (C18). The growth rate of the organism increased with increasing length of the alkane chain. The shortest generation time was 4.5 hr. with octadecane as the carbon source. Cell yields of 82% were common with even numbered alkanes from C14 through C18. The cell yields appeared to decrease with shorter chain (C12 or below) and odd-numbered chain alkanes. The cellular nitrogen ranged from 6.9 to 7.5% and the highest lipid content found was 10.3% (with C17).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various methods for the removal of extraneous matter from vaccinia virus suspensions are described and compared. Of ten procedures tested, differential centrifugation and Freon extraction were the most successful. Both the partially purified suspensions and the dried products prepared from them had high virus titers in embryonated eggs and high infectivity for mice. Although both processes resulted in products with the same titers, the differentially centrifuged product was approximately tenfold more purified as shown by the percentage solids of the suspensions before freeze drying.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 57-58 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 10-11 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 22-22 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 36-49 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 59-62 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 73-81 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 469-471 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It was found that moderate pressures (16.0 to 43.1 atmospheres) perceptibly decreased the rate of α-amylase catalyzed starch hydrolysis. The decreased rate was apparently due to pressure induced deactivation of the enzyme.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 28
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 491-496 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 29
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 26-28 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 53-56 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 31
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 65-68 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 32
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 223-234 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method of performing electrophoretic separations in a thin horizontal layer of continuously flowing buffer has been developed. The theoretical considerations that make possible the use of a thin layer for stabilization against convection effects, without the assistance of a packing material, are discussed. The apparatus is described together with an example of its performance, and a comparison with that of other workers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 33
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 147-158 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The equipment and operational techniques are described which were found suitable to control pH in the range 6.8-7.8 pH, within ±0.03 pH units of the desired value, at cell concentrations up to a maximum of 2.5 × 106/ml. The results of batch growth of a suspension strain of the BHK cell (clone 13) under conditions of controlled pH are given and the significance of these results is discussed.
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  • 34
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 127-146 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sugar molasses of high specific activity is prepared by photosynthesizing C14O2 into sugar in a leaf of the Canna plant and then extracting the sugar. When T. utilis is grown in such a medium about 45% of the radioactivity is incorporated into the yeast cell; the remaining radioactivity is carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds. The cells are now randomly labeled in all carbon compounds. Distribution of C14 in the major cell components, such as protein, polysaccharide, and nucleic acids is shown.Nucleic acid is extracted from the cells and subject to chemical and enzyme action, for the preparation of randomly labeled ribonucleotides. Proteins are isolated and hydrolyzed to yield high specific activity amino acids, up to 150 mc. per millimole. Similarly polysaccharides are also isolated and from them high specific activity glucose and mannose are obtained by acid hydrolysis.By growing T. utilis in a medium containing C14-8-adenine and C14-2-uracil, these bases are about 90% incorporated into the nucleic acids of the cell. Using the same methods described for the uniformly labeled nucleic acid only base labeled nucleosides and nucleotides are prepared.Preparative procedures for the isolation of some of these compounds are discussed. The latest biochemical techniques for their purification are described. Methods for assaying for radiochemical purity and problems concerining stability of high specific activity compounds are discussed.
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  • 35
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 173-190 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A 2000 l. 1 m. deep mass culture of algae was operated with continuous stirring, as an open system. The system behaved as an ecological unit selecting the most favored species. The ecological conditions could be modified by stirring speed and pattern in the tank. Methods for improving yields and utilization of CO2 are described. Assessment of algal species for suitability in mass cultures is discussed. Yields obtained were 13 g. dry matter/sq. m. illuminated area/day.
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  • 36
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 245-245 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 37
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 247-270 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of ambient pressure and ultrasonic power on the disintegration of yeast suspension have been investigated. The results obtained are, in the main, consistent with the theory that cell breakage is primarily a phenomenon dependent on producing gaseous cavitation in the medium. The importance of the experimental results and techniques applied to Commercial cell disintegrators is briefly discussed. A simple flow system is described which is easily attached to probe-type disintegrators. The use of a crystal pickup for tuning and control purposes is described.
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  • 38
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 347-360 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The oxygen uptake rate to suspended cells of Pseudomonas ovalis was measured in two ways using the same cell suspension. Initially the rate was found by measuring the rate of production of gluconic acid by cells suspended in a nitrogenfree, aerated medium. Then, an oxygen electrode was used to measure the rate of transfer of dissolved oxygen to cells suspended in a liquid that was being agitated but not sparged. These rates were markedly different. It was found that agitation affected the oxygen transfer rates in aerated solutions at dissolved oxygen concentrations well above the critical level, but had no affect on the oxygen uptake rates by cells suspended in an unsparged but agitated medium. The data suggested that an additional path existed for oxygen transfer. This alternate route, parallel to the conventional pathway of oxygen transfer, becomes operative when the liquid films surrounding the cells and bubbles merge. The resulting shorter path presents a mechanism for direct transfer of oxygen which increases in importance as the gas-liquid interfacial area increases.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 39
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 381-401 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A unit of four fermentors, which is specially designed for batch and continuous cultivation of pathogenic microorganisms in vaccine preparation, is described. Each unit consists of a panel with controls and recorders. The fermentor itself consists of a stainless steel lid, to which a spherical or cylindrical glass vessel is attached. Holding volumes are from 1 to 100 l. (3 and 7 l. being mostly used) and can be obtained by simply exchanging the vessels which have similar flanges.Interchangeability, not only of the glass vessels, but also of the stirrers, pipes, pH electrodes, etc., together with variable control of temperature, stirrer speed, air or gas flow, and pH value gives the unit a maximum of versatility.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 40
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 403-418 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods for composting small quantities of organic materials have been developed in order to be able to better study the composting process. A composting bin was developed which holds 27 cu. ft. of compost and which provides uniform conditions of temperature, moisture, and aeration within the compost mass. A system for indoor composting of less than one cubic foot of material has been developed and is described. The methods have been shown to be reliable and reproducible. The composts were evaluated for their suitability for mushroom growing and were found to give high yields of mushrooms.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 41
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 42
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 6-7 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 43
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 14-17 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 44
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 29-35 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 45
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 69-70 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 46
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 241-242 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 48
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 271-283 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aeration and agitation conditions in 250 l. baffled fermenters with different impeller diameters, speeds, and air flows were studied during fermentations for the production of rifamycin, a new antibiotic produced by Streptomyces mediterranei. Dissolved oxygen concentration was continuously measured and the courses of power input, oxygen diffusion rate QO2, dry weight, viscosity, pH, sugar utilization, and antibiotic titer determined. Higher antibiotic yields occurred when the oxygen demand of the culture was satisfied and an excess of dissolved oxygen was still present during a critical period of the fermentation between the 50th and the 80th hr. To meet this requirement a power input of about 3.0 w./l. and an air flow ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 l./l./min. were found to be necessary.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 49
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 285-297 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Semicontinuous sulfide fermentation has been conducted with distillery spent liquor as the source of carbon employing a strain similar to Desulphovibrio rubentschikii. Mineral barites and gypsum have been used as the hydrogen acceptors during the studies. Results reveal that mineral barites can also react very favorably as hydrogen acceptors. Sulfates have been used both in powdered (200 mesh) and lumpy (1/4-1/2 in. size) forms. When applied in lumpy form in a packed tower, both the mineral sulfates produced higher yields of sulfide compared to their corresponding finely pulverized states. Thus, under similar conditions, fermentation conducted with pulverized gypsum showed a yield of 450-550 p.p.m. hydrogen sulfide, whereas the yield was as high as 750-1025 p.p.m. when gypsum lumps were used as a packing. Corresponding figures with barites are 300 and 540 p.p.m., respectively. Continuous sulfide fermentation has also been conducted in a packed tower containing lumpy gypsum as the packing under total recirculation. Daily buildup of sulfide was observed to be as high as 180 mg./l. of fermenting medium. Appreciable reduction in COD of the effluent was observed during the above studies. Thus, with barites, per cent COD reduction values were 30-35, 45-50, 60-65, and 75-80 with retention periods of 10, 15, 25, and 35 days, respectively. With gypsum, per cent COD reduction was 50-70 with 10 days's residence time. The effects of the retention period on sulfide yield and volatile acid content were also studied. The longer the retention period, the higher is the sulfide yield and the lower the volatile acid content of the discharge becomes. Studies were also conducted to find the correct composition of volatile acids in the discharge, as well as the levels of their concentration during continuous feeding and discharge over a number of days. It has been observed that during 18 hr. of fermentation in a batch, volatile acid concentration increased from 6.76 m. to 15.01 mmoles per liter of medium of which 10 mmoles are acetic, 0.833 mmoles butyric, and 4.16 mmoles propionic acid. Studies on soluble and insoluble sulfate balance have also been made in a synthetic medium containing calcium acetate as the substrate. Unaccounted for sulfates were negligible and a deviation between the actual and calculated sulfide yield did not exceed 2%. It is also observed that, when fermentations are conducted in sulfate packed columns, the color of the effluent becomes paleyellow containing very little suspended and volatile matter compared to the deep-black color of the emuent emerging from a ferrnenter fed with pulverized sulfates. This liquor contains 0.5271% soluble ash (computed as potash) and might be a good source of potash.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 50
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 235-240 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The operation and construction of a liquid-liquid chromatography apparatus containing differentially permeable partions is described. The method is of value for the separation of heat sensitive and nonvolatile solutes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 51
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 3-4 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 52
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 5-5 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 53
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 12-13 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 54
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 23-25 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 55
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 50-52 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 56
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 63-64 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 57
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    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 71-72 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 58
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 59
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 51-62 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By adding acid or base to Fe(III) nitrate solutions low molecular and colloidal products of hydrolysed Fe(III) ions are formed. The colloid dissolved products pass silicagel columns faster than all other constituents of the solutions. The retention volume of colloidal products does not depend on the pH of the solution, but is specific for the distribution state; it is smaller than the retention volume of chlorine ions of a sodium chloride solution.The possibility of a complete separation of both, low molecular and colloidal componentsin a column of silicagel is calculated and controlled by experiments.
    Notes: In Eisen(III)-nitratlösungen werden durch Zusätze von Säure oder Lauge niedermolekular und kolloid gelöste Hydrolyseprodukte des Eisenions erzeugt. Diese Lösungen werden an Silicagelsäulen chromatographiert. Dabei erscheinen die kolloid gelösten Hydrolyseprodukte als die am schnellsten transportierten Bestandteile. Ihr Retentionsvolumen ist pH-unabhängig und nicht spezifisch für den Stoff, sondern für den Verteilungszustand. Es ist kleiner als das Retentionsvolumen der Cl--Ionen einer NaCl-Lösung. Die Möglichkeit einer vollständigen Trennung beider Stoffe in einer Silicagelsäule wird berechnet und experimentell bestätigt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 60
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 89-92 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch potentiometrische Titrationen in konzentrierten KCN-Lösungen wurden außer den in der Literatur bekannten Komplexen die Anionen [Hg(CN)5]3- und [Hg(CN)6]4- ermittelt. Instabilitätskonstanten, Standardpotentiale und freie Energien wurden berechnet. Sobald über die Formel Hg(CN)2 hinaus ein kleiner Überschuß von HgCl2-Lösung zugegeben wurde, bildete sich Hg2Cl2 auf der Elektrode.
    Notes: By potentiometric titrations, in addition to the complexes known in literature, the anions [Hg(CN)5]3- and [Hg(CN)6]4- have been evaluated in concentrated solutions of KCN. Instability constants together with standard potentials and free energies were calculated. - After the complete formation of Hg(CN)2 and addition of slight excess of HgCl2 the electrode became incapacitated on account of the formation of Hg2Cl2.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 61
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 128-138 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The synthesis of phosphorus nitride dichlorides [NPCl2]n, from PCl5 and NH4Cl proceeds through cations of the type [Cl3P=N—PCl3]+ and [Cl3P=N—(PCl2=N)n—PCl3]+, respectively. The reaction steps have been elucidated.The synthesis of [NPCl2]3 is favourably achieved starting directly from [Cl3P=N—PCl2=N—PCl3]+ or from PCl5 and NH4Cl in such a manner that this cation is predominantly formed in high dilution. [NPCl2]4 is best prepared by interaction between [Cl3P=N—PCl3]Cl and NH4Cl.Higher polymeric, oily phosphorus nitride dichlorides are suitably synthesized from strongly concentrated solutions or melts.
    Notes: Die Synthese von Phosphornitrid-dichloriden, [NPCl2]n, aus PCl5 und NH4Cl verläuft Über Kationen der allgemeinen Zusammensetzung [Cl3P=N=PCl3]+, bzw. [Cl3P=N—(PCl2=N)n&PCl3]+. Die einzelnen Reaktionsschritte können geklärt werden. Zur Synthese von [NPCl2]3 geht man zweckmäßig von [Cl3P=N—PCl2=N—PCl3]+ aus  -  bzw. man arbeitet bei der Synthese so, daß aus PCl5 und NH4CL vorwiegend dieses Kation entstehen muß und sorgt durch Verdünnungsmittel für eine Begünstigung einer Ringschlußreaktion - . Zur Synthese von vorwiegend [NPCl2]4 empfiehlt sich die Umsetzung von [Cl3P=N—PCl3]Cl mit NH4Cl. Die öligen Phosphornitrid-dichloride erhält man vorwiegend aus stark konzentrierten Lösungen bzw. Schmelzen.
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  • 62
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 147-150 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: N-Brom-bis(trifluormethyl)-amin, (CF3)2NBr, reagiert mit NO2, NO und CO unter Bildung von (CF3)2NONO, (CO3)2NNO bzw. (CF3)2NCOBr. Das schon beobachtete einheitliche Reaktionsverhalten des (CF3)2NBr gegenüber einfachen ungesättigten Kohlenstoffverbindungen wurde auch bei C2H4, C2H2 sowie C2F4 gefunden, die (CF3)2NC2H4Br. (CF3)2NC2H2Br bzw. (CF3)2NC2F4Br ergeben. Mit AgCN wird CF3N = CF2 gebildet, und die Reaktion mit Ag2CO3 liefert als Hauptprodukt CF3N = NCF3.
    Notes: N-Bromobistrifluoromethylamine, (CF3)2NBr reacts with NO2, NO and CO to yield (CF3)2NONO, (CF3)2NNO and (CF3)2NCOBr, respectively. The reaction of (CF3)2NBr with unsaturated hydrocarbons and fluorocarbons has been confirmed, reaction with C2H4 C2H2 and C2F4 giving (CF3)2NC2H4Br, (CF3)2NC2H2Br and (CF3)2NC2F4Br. Reaction with AgCN yields CF3N = CF2, and that with Ag2CO3, CF3N = NCF3, as the chief product.
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  • 63
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 199-206 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By slowly oxydation of NaTl, a new cubic form of NaTlO2 has been obtained: a=4.76 Å, dx=7.99 and dpyk=7.98 g · cm-3, NaCl type of structure, 2 formula units/unit cell, with random distribution of the cations. At 500°C it transforms to the known hexagonal form of NaTlO2, and annealing (700—750°C) for 6 days yields single crystals of the latter form, the crystal structure of which has been refined by means of FOURIER methods.
    Notes: Durch langsame Oxydation von NaTl wird eine neue, kubische Form von NaTlO2 erhalten: a=4,76 Å, drö=7,99 und dpyk=7,98 g · cm-3, NaCl-Typ mit statistischer Verteilung der Kationen, 2 Formeleinheiten/Elementarzelle. Diese wandelt sich bei 500°C in die bekannte hexagonale Form um und liefert bei sechstägigem Tempern (700—750°C) im verschlossenen Ag-Bömbchen Einkristalle der zweiten Form. Mit Hilfe von FOURIERmethoden wurde deren Kristallstruktur verfeinert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 64
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 143-146 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Methods of preparation and the results of x-ray investigations of the mixed-crystal systems (NH4)3AlF6—(NH4)3GaF6 and LiAl—LiGa are reported. Both systems form complete series of solid solutions. The variation of the lattice constants obeys VEGARDs rule.
    Notes: Die Darstellung von Mischkristallen in den Systemen (NH4)3AlF6—(NH4)3GaF6 und LiAl—LiGa wird beschrieben, und die Ergebnisse von Röntgenuntersuchungen werden mitgeteilt. Beide Systeme bilden eine lückenlose Mischkristallreihe. Der Verlauf der Gitterkonstanten zeigt keine systematischen Abweichungen von einer VEGARDschen Geraden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 65
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 191-198 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The complex-forming interaction occuring in alcoholic solutions between 1-hydroxy-1-aminomethyl-cyclohexane and nickel and cobalt salts has been investigated. The ligand is normally bidentate (formation of 5-membered chelate rings), in a few compounds, however, it behaves like a monodentate ligand. The structures and properties of the complex compounds being formed are compared with those having the isomeric 1-amino-1-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexane or ethanolamine as ligands.
    Notes: Es wurde das komplexchemische Verhalten des 1-Oxy-1-aminomethylcyclohexans (Oxyamin) untersucht. Die Base bildet mit Salzen von Nickel und Kobalt in alkoholischer Lösung Verbindungen höherer Ordnung. Der Ligand besetzt bevorzugt zwei Koordinationsstellen unter Ausbildung von Chelat-5-Ringen. In einigen Verbindungen muß er aber z. T. auch als einzählig gebunden betrachtet werden. Die Tendenz, Innerkomplexe zu bilden, ist beim 1-Oxy-1-aminomethylcyclohexan nicht so ausgeprägt, wie bei dem isomeren 1-Amino-1-oxymethylcyclohexan. Die Struktur der Komplexverbindungen wurde im Vergleich mit analog zusammengesetzten Verbindungen des Äthanolamins diskutiert.
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  • 66
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 215-223 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: All the parameters of PAULINGS equation (see above) for the estimation of the radii of noble-gas type ions having the charge w can be evaluated from the UV spectra of hydrogen and the noble gases, namely, the effective nuclear charge Z*, the empirical constant c valid for each long period of the periodical system, and the BORN repulsive exponent n.Thus, only from spectroscopical data, the ionic radii of noble-gas type ions have been calculated and are compared with those given by PAULING, GOLDSCHMIDT and AHRENS by means of empirical reference data.
    Notes: Im Jahre 1927 hat PAULING die Gleichung: zur Berechnung von Radien edelgasähnlicher Ionen der Wertigkeit w aufgestellt. Die hierfür erforderlichen Größen: die effektive Kernladungszahl Z* der Ionen, die für jede lange Periode des Periodischen Systems gültige empirische Konstante c und der BORNSche Abstoßungsexponent n können, wie in vorliegender Arbeit gezeigt wird, vermittels der UV-Spektren des Wasserstoffs und der Edelgase berechnet werden. Hierdurch wird die Möglichkeit erhalten, die Ionenradien sämtlicher edelgasähnlichen Ionen spektroskopisch zu ermitteln. Die Kenntnis der Ionenabstände in Kristallen mit isoelektronischen Ionenpaaren (wie bei PAULING) oder irgendeines Bezugsradius (wie bei GOLDSCHMIDT) ist hierbei nicht erforderlich.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 67
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 68
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 275-280 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The products of the thermal decompositions of mixed carbonates, oxalates, and nitrates of copper and manganese have been investigated chemically and by x-ray techniques.Similarly, the products of interactions between Cu2O, CuO or Cu and MnO, Mn2O3 or MnO2 are studied.The double oxide CuMnO2 has been prepared in the pure state.
    Notes: Die thermischen Zersetzungsprodukte gemeinsam gefällter Carbonate und Oxalate sowie gemeinsam eingedampfter Nitrate des Kupfers und Mangans wurden chemisch und röntgenographisch untersucht. Gemische aus Kupfer(I)-bzw. Kupfer(II)-oxid sowie Kupfer einerseits und Mangan(II)-, Mangan(III)- und Mangan(IV)-oxid andererseits wurden im Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffstrom sowie im Hochvakuum umgesetzt und ihre Reaktionsprodukte chemisch und röntgenographisch untersucht. Das Doppeloxid CuMnO2 wurde erstmalig rein dargestellt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 293-301 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction of methyl chloride with silicon demands a second catalyst besides copper. Satisfactory reaction velocities are especially achieved by means of AlCl3; FeCl3 and other metal chlorides being less active. AlCl3 activates two reaction steps: the interaction between methyl chloride and copper as well as that between silicon and copper(I) chloride. The chemisorption of methyl chloride, however, is not influenced by AlCl3.
    Notes: Zur Umsetzung von Methylchlorid mit Silicium mit befriedigender Geschwindigkeit ist außer Kupfer noch ein zweiter Katalysator erforderlich. Als solcher eignen sich besonders AlCl3, in geringerem Maß auch FeCl3 und die Chloride einiger anderer Metalle. Das AlCl3 beschleunigt zwei Teilreaktionen: die Umsetzung von Methylchlorid mit Kupfer und diejenige von Silicium mit Kupfer(I)-chlorid. Die Chemisorption von Methylchlorid hängt dagegen vom Gehalt an AlCl3 nicht ab. Sie ist kein Maß für die Geschwindigkeit der direkten Synthese.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 70
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 328 (1964), S. 187-193 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The preparations, properties and some reactions of AlAs crystals are described. The enthalpy of formation at room temperature, melting point as a function of the arsenic pressure, and the band gap determined by remission measurements are communicated.
    Notes: Es wird die Herstellung von Aluminiumarsenid-Kristallen beschrieben. Von der Verbindung wurde die Bildungsenthalpie bei Zimmertemperatur, die Abhängigkeit des Schmelzpunktes vom Arsendruck und der Bandabstand durch Remissionsmessung bestimmt. Weiterhin ist das Verhalten des Aluminiumarsenids gegen einige Reagenzien angegeben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 71
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 328 (1964), S. 217-218 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 72
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 328 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 73
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 328 (1964), S. 231-234 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Beschreibung der Strukturen (mit geordneten Leerstellen) der nichtstöchiometrischen Verbindungen Ti3Se4 und Ti5Se8.
    Notes: Déscription de la structure lacunaire des composés non stoechiométriques Ti3Se4 et Ti5Se8.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 74
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 326 (1964), S. 243-253 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: RAMAN spectra including polarization measurements and infrared spectra were taken from P3N3Cl6, P3N3Br6, P3N3F6. P4N4Cl8, P4N4Br8, and P4N4F8. Former observations and assignments for the chlorides and fluorides are corrected. Each molecule shows the highest possible symmetry with planar configuration and equal bonds within its PN ring.
    Notes: RAMAN-Spektren einschließlich von Polarisationsmessungen und Infrarotspektren wurden von P3N3Cl6, P3N3Br6, P3N3F6, P4N4Cl8, P4N4Br8 und P4N4F8 aufgenommen. Frühere Beobachtungen und Zuordnungen für die Chloride und Fluoride werden korrigiert. Jede Molekel zeigt die höchste mögliche Symmetrie mit ebener Konfiguration und gleichen Bindungen im PN-Ring. Soweit die spektralen Veränderungen beim Übergang zu den Kristall-Modifikationen verständlich sind, sprechen sie für die gegebenen Zuordnungen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 75
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 326 (1964), S. 280-287 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The preparations of certain amino dialkyl arsines (R2As—N(C2H5)2 and R2As—NC5H10 with R = C2H5, C3H7 or C4H9) are discribed. These compounds react with H2O, CH3J or HCl by cleaving the As—N bond, forming R2AsCl in the last case. The dialkyl chloro arsines are reduced by LiAlH4 to the corresponding arsines.
    Notes: Diäthylamino- und Piperidino-dichlorarsine reagieren mit aliphatischen Grignard-Verbindungen im Molverhältnis 1:2 unter Bildung der Amino-dialkylarsine R2As—N(C2H5)2 und R2As—NC5H10 (R = C2H5, C2H5, C3H7 oder C4H9). Die Amino-dialkylarsine sind äußerst hydrolyseempfindlich, wobei eine quantitative Spaltung der As—N-Bindung stattfindet. Eine Spaltung dieser Bindung resultiert gleichfalls mit HCl-Gas. Es werden hierbei Amin-hydrochloride und aliphatische Chlorarsine R2AsCl gebildet. Letztere lassen sich mit LiAlH4 zu den entsprechenden Dialkylarsinen R2AsH reduzieren. In den Amino-dialkylarsinen fungiert das Stickstoffatom als basisches Zentrum, wie aus der Ammoniumsalzbildung mittels CH3J zu folgern ist.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The electrical conductivity of oxides resp. mixed oxides in the system Al2O3—Cr2O3 prepared by decomposition of the corresponding coprecipitated hydroxide gels in hydrogen at 700° C has been measured in a stream of hydrogen. A reversible p-n-transition is found on all samples containing chromium oxide. The transition temperature depends on composition. The change of conductivity with composition will be discussed.The results of isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenation on the same oxides are reported. A linear relation is found between the dehydrogenation activity and the logarithm of the specific conductivity for two groups of catalysts. Feeble n-type oxides of low conductivity work preferably in the direction of dehydration. Dehydrogenation dominates with increasing n-type character and character and increasing conductivity. The results provide experimental evidence to support the views of Wolkenstein on the mechanism of alcohol dehydrogenation.
    Notes: Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit der gemeinsam gefällten und bei 7000C in Wasserstoffatmosphäre geglühten Oxide bzw. Mischoxide des Systems Al2O3—Cr2O3 wird im Wasserstoffstrom gemessen. An allen chromoxidhaltigen Präparaten tritt eine reversible p-n-Umwandlung auf; die Umwandlungstemperatur hängt von der Zusammensetzung ab. Der Verlauf der Leitfähigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung wird diskutiert.Die Ergebnisse der an den gleichen Oxiden untersuchten katalytischen Isopropanoldehydrierung werden mitgeteilt. Für zwei Gruppen von Katalysatoren wird eine lineare Beziehung zwischen der Dehydrierungsaktivität und dem Logarithmus der spezifischen Leitfähigkeit gefunden. Schwache n-Leiter von geringer Leitfähigkeit wirken vorwiegend dehydratisierend, mit steigendem n-Charakter und zunehmender Leitfähigkeit überwiegt die Dehydrierung. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für die Gültigkeit des von Wolkenstein für die Alkoholdehydrierung aufgestellten Mechanismus.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 77
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 329 (1964), S. 56-67 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The existence of dibromophosphoric acid formed by hydrolysis of phosphoryl bromide in acetone-Water mixtures has been proved by titration and by precipitation of the nitron salt. By condensation of partially hydrolyzed phosphoryl bromide, mixtures of polyphosphoric acids are formed. The end groups of these acids are supposed to be substituted by bromine atoms.
    Notes: Die Existenz der bei der Hydrolyse des Phosphoroxidbromids in Aceton-Wasser-Gemischen gebildeten Dibromophosphorsäure wurde titrimetrisch und durch Fällung des Nitronsalzes bewiesen. Durch Kondensationsreaktionen des partiell hydrolysierten Phosphoroxidbromids entstehen Gemische von Polyphorsäuren, deren Endgruppen wahrscheinlich durch Br-Atome substituiert sind.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 78
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 329 (1964), S. 92-101 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Di-μ-organylthio-bis(tricarbonyliron)-compounds [Fe(CO)3XR]2 (X = S, Se; R = C2H5, C6H5) react with tertiary organic phosphines (L) in organic solvents forming nonsymmetrically substituted products Fe2(CO)5L(XR)2. The reaction with molten phosphines leads to symmetrically substituted derivatives [Fe(CO)2L XR]2. Reduction of this class of compounds with sodium amalgame in tetrahydrofuran leads to polynuclear sodium carbonylferrates, especially Na2[Fe3(CO)11] and sodium mercaptide.
    Notes: Di-μ-merkapto-bis(tricarbonyleisen)-Verbindungen [Fe(CO)3XR]2 (X = S, Se; R = C2H5, C6H5) reagieren mit Triorganylphosphinen (L) in unpolaren Lösungsmitteln unter Bildung von unsymmetrisch gebauten Monosubstitutionsprodukten Fe2(CO)5L(XR)2. Unter den schärferen Bedingungen der Phosphin-Schmelze entstehen symmetrische disubstituierte Derivate [Fe(CO)2LXR]2. In beiden Fällen bleibt die Brückenstruktur der μ-Merkapto-Verbindungen erhalten. Reduktionen mit Natriumamalgam in Tetrahydrofuran führen in unübersichtlicher Reaktion unter Abspaltung von Natriummerkaptid zu mehrkernigen Carbonylferraten homogenen Bautyps, vorwiegend zum Na2[Fe3(CO)11].
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 79
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 329 (1964), S. 136-145 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By ammonolysis of zirconium tetraiodide at 750°C, of zirconium tetrabromide and chloride at slightly higher temperatures, we obtained a zirconium nitride of dark blue colour and a composition ZrxN with 0,940〉 x 〉 0,812. The amount of Zr3+ was determined analytically. At stronger heating the samples turn into metallic ZrN.The nitride crystallizes with the sodium chloride structure, the zirconium sublattice being only partly occupied. The lattice constants lie within the investigated range between 4,566 and 4,550 Å.The specific electric conductivity of ZrxN is about 3 · 10-2Ω-1 cm-1. The magnetic suseeptibility of the samples is about - 0,1 · 10-6.
    Notes: 1Durch Ammonolyse von Zirkontetrajodid bei etwa 750°C, von Zirkontetrabromid und Zirkontetrachlorid bei etwas höheren Temperaturen wurde ein Zirkonnitrid von dunkelblauer Farbe der Zusammensetzung ZrxN mit 0,940〉x〉 0,812 erhalten. Analytisch wurde u. a. der Gehalt an Zr3- bestimmt. Die Präparate gehen bei stärkerem Erhitzen in metall lisches ZrN über.2Das Nitrid kristallisiert im Natriumchlorid-Gitter mit Fehlstellen auf dem Zirkonteilgitter; die Gitterkonstanten liegen für die genannten Grenzen zwischen 4,566 und 4,550 Å.3Das spezifische elektrische Leitvermögen des ZrxN ist etwa 3. 10-2 · -1 cm-1. Die magnetische Suszeptibilität der Präparate ist etwa -0,1 · 10-6.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 80
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 329 (1964), S. 203-210 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The compounds which crystallize from aqueous solution of zinc chlorate, depending on the concentration and the temperature, are Zn(ClO3)2 · 12 H2O (m. p. -24,9° C), zn(ClO3)2 · 6H2O(m. p. +16,4° C), Zn(ClO3)2 · 4H2O(m. p. 53,9 °C), and Zn(ClO3)2 · 2H2O. The dihydratc melts at 114°C, but it begins to decompose at this temperature. Six quadruple points exist in the system, two of them lying in fields in which the hydrates in question are instable resp. metastable.
    Notes: Aus wässerigen Lösungen von Zinkchlorat kristallisieren, je nach der Konzentration und der Temperatur der Lösungen, die Verbindungen Zn(ClO3)2 · 12 H2O (Fp.-24,9° C), Zn(ClO3)2 · 6 H2O (Fp. + 16,4° C), Zn (ClO3)2 · 4H2O (Fp. 53,9°C) und Zn(ClO3)2 ·2H2O. Das Dihydrat schmilzt bei 114° C, beginnt sich aber gleichzeitig unter Abspaltung von ClO2 zu zersetzen. In dem System treten 6 Quadrupelpunkte auf, von denen 2 in Gebieten liegen, in denen die betreffenden Hydrate instabil bzw. metasbil sind.
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  • 81
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 329 (1964), S. 218-224 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: W(C6H5)4(LiC6H5)2 · 3 (C2H5)2O react with H2 in absolute absence of air and moisture to form WH(LiC6H5)2. The preparation and the properties of the compound are described and a reactionshene is stated.
    Notes: Aus W(C6H5)4(LiC6H5)2 · 3 (C2H5)2O und H2 entsteht unter Luft- und Feuchtigkeitsausschluß WH(LiC6H5)2. Darstellung und Eigenschaften der Vervindung werden beschrieben und Angaben über den Reaktionsablauf gemacht.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The dehydrogenation of butanol-2 was examined on different crystal faces of a germanium single crystal by means of the static method. There is a large catalytic specifity of the crystal faces. At 390° C the reaction rate on the (100) face is eleven times larger than on the (III) face. The differences in the activation energies are 15 keal/mol. The results are discussed.
    Notes: An verschiedenen Kristallächen eines Germanium-Einkristalls wurde die Dehydrierung von Butanol-2 nach der statischen Methode untersucht. Die einzelnen Kristallflächen weisen eine große katalytische Spezifität auf. An der (100)-Fläche verläuft die Reaktion bei 390° C elfmal schneller als an der (III)-Fläche. In den Aktivierungsenergien treten Unterschiede von 15 keal/Mol auf. ie Ergebnisse werden diskutiert.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Diluted solution of arsenic(III)-oxide, As4O6, in AsCl3, AsBr3, AsF3 and As(OCH3)3 have been investigated cryoscopically and ebullioscopically. The results indicate that the As4O6 molecule is solvolysed according to As4O3 + 8AsX3 → 6AsOX · AsX3. Furthermore, reversible polymerzation equilibra (AsOX)n-1· AsX3 + AsOX · AsX3 ⇄ AsX3 + (AsOX)n · AsX3 are supposed to occur yielding, at a total composition of the solutions being AsOX, high-molecular (AsOX)n.The saturation curves of the two-phase equilibria in the system As2O3-AsCl3-cyclohaxane and -petroleum ether, respectively, are communicated as well as some hithero unknown thermodynamic data on AsF3 and As(OCH3)3.
    Notes: Die verdünnten Lösungen des Arseniks (As4O6) in AsCl3, AsBr3, AsF3 und As(OCH3)3 wurden kryoskopisch bzw. ebullioskopisch untersuscht. In allen Fällen ergab sich eine Aufspaltung der As4O6- Molekel in sechs Teilchen, bei höheren Konzentrationen z. T. in weniger. Die Beobachtungen werden erklärt durch die Reaktion As4O3 + 8AsX3 → 6AsOX · AsX3 und reversible Polymerisationsgleichgewichte (AsOX)n-1 ·AsX3 + AsOX · AsX3 ⇄ AsX3 + (AsOX)n · AsX3. Entsprechend wird für die Lösungen der Zusammensetzung AsOX eine hochmolekulare Struktur (AsOX)n vorgeschlagen. Für die Zusammensetzung AsOX eine hochmolekulare Struktur (AsOX)n vorgeschlagen. Für die Zweiphasengleichgewichte in den Dreistoffsystemen As2O3(gelöst)-AsCl3-Petroläther bzw. Cyclohexen werden die Sättigungslinien angegeben. Einige thermochemische Daten von AsF3 und As(OCH3)3 wurden bestimmt.
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  • 84
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 330 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 85
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 330 (1964), S. 8-17 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cadmium dimethyl reacts with 1,4-dioxane, N,N,N′,N′,-tetraethylethylenediamine, 2,2′-bipyridyl and 1,10-phenanthroline forming crystalline chelate compounds with one donor molecule attached to one molecule of cadmium dimethyl. These compounds are more stable against atmospherie oxygen than cadmium dimethyl itself.Univalent donor molecules like tetramethylene oxide or pyridine yield liquid 1:1 complexes which dissoziate into the components already at low temperatures; it is difficult, therefore, to isolate these compounds in a stoichiometric composition.
    Notes: Cadmiumdimethyl bindet mit 1,4-Dioxan und N,N,N′,N′,-Tetraäthyläthylendiamin, 2,2′,-Dipyridyl und 1,10-Phenanthrolin kristalline Chelatverbindungen mit einer Ligandenmolekel pro Molekel Cadmiumdimethyl. Die Luftempfindlichkeit dieser Verbindungen ist wesentlich geringer als die des reinen Cadmiumdimethyls.Stärkere einwertige Liganden wie Tetrahydrofuran und Pyridin neigen zur Bildung von flüssigen 1:1-Addukten. Diese Komplexverbindungen spalten sich beim Erwärmen weitgehend in ihre Komponenten und lassen sich daher nur schwer in stöchiometrischer Zusammensetzung erhalten.
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  • 86
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 238-252 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The fine structure of the garnet lattice was investigated by means of Co2+ and Ni2+ as "optical indicators". Co2+ was found to occupy sites of the coordination numbers 4, 6 and 8, Ni2+ being in tetrahedral and octahedral interstices only. The observed distribution of both ions over the different lattice positions was found to be strongly temperature dependent. The effect of changing the dimensions of the octahedral interstices on the crystal field strength Dq and the interelectronic repulsion parameter B of Co2+ und Ni2+ in the tetrahedral and octahedral positions is considered.The results were obtained by a detailed analysis of the absorption spectra in the crystal field region between 4000 and 26000 cm-1.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der farbgebenden Ionen Co2+ und Ni2+ als "optische Indikatoren" wurde versucht, feinere Struktureigentümlichkeiten des Granatgitters zu erfassen.In den in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersuchten Germanium-Granaten wird das Co2+-Ion in allen drei verfügbaren Kationenpositionen (Koordinationszahlen 4, 6 und 8 gegenüber Sauerstoff), das Ni2+-Ion nur in Positionen der K.Z.4 und 6 gefunden.Die Auswirkungen von Veränderungen der Oktaederlückendimensionen auf die Gitterfeldstärken Dq und die Elektronenabstoßungsparameter B der in den Oktaeder- und Tetraederlücken befindlichen Kationen Ni2+ und Co2+ werden untersucht.Es werden Angaben über die Verteilung der Co2+ und Ni2+-Ionen über die verschiedenen Lückenarten des Granatgitters und ihre Temperaturabhängigkeit gemacht.Die Ergebnisse wurden durch eine detaillierte Analyse der Absorptionsspektren im Wellenzahlbereich zwischen 4000 und 26000 cm-1 und deren Interpretation auf der Grundlage der Kristallfeldtheorie erhalten.
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  • 87
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 286-292 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The synthesis of methylchlorosilanes by interaction between methyl chloride and Si—Cu mixtures proceeds through an induction period during which AlCl3 is formed from Al impurities in the technical-grade silicon. μ-Cu3Si has no determining importance for the course of the synthesis, especially in the presence of AlCl3.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von Methylchlorid mit Silicium-Kupfer-Gemischen entstehen Methylchlorsilane erst nach Ablauf einer Induktionsperiode, während der im technischen Silicium enthaltenes Aluminium in das für die direkte Synthese entscheidende Chlorid übergeführt wird. Röntgenanalysen ergaben, daß die Bildung der μ-Phase nicht unmittelbar mit der Überwindung der Induktionsperiode zusammenhängt. Die μ-Phase ist besonders bei Gegenwart von AlCl3 nicht maßgeblich für den Ablauf der direkten Synthese.
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  • 88
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 327 (1964), S. 305-310 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: IR frequency shifts have been studied on compounds of the general formula R3SiX (R = alkyl groups, X = electronegative substituents). The shifts occur on condensing gaseous to liquid substances in consequence of intermolecular interactions or associations. A relation between the frequency shift of vs Si—X and the electronegativity of the substituent X has been found. This relation is, however, not suitable for the calculation of electronegativities.
    Notes: Es wurden IR-Frequenzverschiebungen an Verbindungen des Typs R3SiX (R = Alkyl, X = elektronegativere Substituenten) studiert, die beim Übergang von der gasförmigen zur flüssigen Substanz infolge intermolekularer Wechselwirkung, bzw. Assoziation im flüssigen Zustand auftreten. Es ergibt sich ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Verschiebung der am stärksten betroffenen Si—X-Valenzschwingungsfrequenzen und der Elektronegativität des Substituenten X, der sich aber nicht zur Bestimmung von Elektronegativitäten eignet.
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  • 89
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 328 (1964), S. 34-43 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Niobium nitrides are prepared from niobium metal powder and nitrogen at temperatures of 1200 to 1500°C and pressures up to 160 at. They belong either to the cubic δ phase or to the hexagonal ε phase. Their maximum nitrogen content corresponds to the formula NbN1.06(= Nb0.94N). The highest amount of all lattice vacancies of the cubic nitride being filled has been found at the composition NbN1.00.
    Notes: Aus Niobmetallpulver und Stickstoff wurden bei Temperaturen von 1200 bis 1500°C und Drucken bis 160 at Niobnitride dargestellt. Sie gehören der kubischen δ-Phase oder der hexonalen ε-Phase an und können einen maximalen Stickstoffgehalt entsprechend einer Zusammensetzung NbN1,06(= Nb0,94N) erreichen. Der Gitterbesetzungsgrad der kubischen Nitride zeigt bei der Zusammensetzung NbN1,00 ein Maximum.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 328 (1964), S. 21-33 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: PhLi reacts at 20°C with tetraalkyl and tetraaryl diphosphines, R2P—PR2 (excepted (C6H11)4P2), by cleaving the P—P bond forming the corresponding tertiary phosphines and P-substituted Li phosphides. Similarly, Ph2As—AsPH2 gives Ph3As and LiAsPh2; with Ph2N—NPh2 no reaction occurs. MgEt2 and AlEt3 act in analogous manner only at elevated temperatures, while PbEt4 is indifferent. The influence on the course of the reaction is discussed regarding the kind of E in Ph2E—EPh2, the organic P substituents and the nucleophility of the organometallic compounds.
    Notes: Mit Ausnahme des Tetracyclohexyl-diphosphins reagieren die Aryl- bzw. Alkyldiphosphine bei Raumtemperatur mit Phenyl-lithium unter Spaltung der P—P-Bindung und Bildung der entsprechenden tert. Phosphine sowie P-substituierten Lithium-phosphide. Während eine analoge Umsetzung zwischen Magnesiumdiäthyl und Tetraphenyldiphosphin bei 110-120°C beobachtet wird, tritt diese bei Verwendung von Aluminiumtriäthyl erst bei höherer Temperatur auf und bleibt mit Bleitetraäthyl aus.Der Spaltungsverlauf wird einmal durch den induktiven Effekt des am Phosphor gebundenen Organorestes, zum anderen durch die Nucleophilität der Organometallverbindung beeinflußt. Fur die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit zwischen R2P—PR2 und LiC6H5 bzn. (C6H5)2P—P(C6H5)2 und Organormetallverbindung resultieren folgende Abstufungen: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm R:}\,\,{\rm C}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 5} 〉 {\rm CH}_{\rm 3} 〉 {\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm H}_{\rm 5} 〉 {\rm n} - {\rm C}_{\rm 3} {\rm H}_{\rm 7} \left({ \gg {\rm c} - {\rm C}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{{\rm 11}} } \right) $$\end{document}Organormetallverbindung: LiC2H5 〉 Mg(C2H5)2 〉 Al(C2H5)3 (〉 Pb(C2H5)4).Zum Zwecke eines Vergleiches werden außerdem (C6H5)2N—N(C6H5)2 und (C6H5)2As—As(C6H5)2 mit LiC6H5 umgesetzt, wobei erwartungsgemäß nicht die N—N-, wohl aber die As—As-Bindung gespalten wird.
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 328 (1964), S. 69-78 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tertiary phosphine oxides react with alkaliphosphides in 1:1 ratio yielding addition compounds {R3PO · MPR′2} which are hydrolytically cleaved into MOH, R3PO and R′2PH. In the case of the Li addition compound, the reaction with HI results in the formation cf R′2PH and adducts of R3PO with LiI. The latter may also be prepared from LiI and R3PO. In dioxane,{R3PO · MPR′2} gives coloured solutions changing from dark red to yellow, depending from R and R′, respectively.
    Notes: Tert. Phosphinoxide reagieren mit Alkali-phosphiden im Verhältnis von 1:1 unter Bildung von Additionsverbindungen der allgemeinen Formel {R3PO · MPR′2}. Diese liefern bei der Hydrolyse neben Alkalilauge Phosphinoxide und sek. Phosphine. Mit Jodwasserstoff entstehen aus der Lithiumverbindung sek. Phosphine und Additionsverbindungen der Phosphinoxide mit Lithiumjodid. Letztere bilden sich auch aus LiJ und R3PO, wobei in Abhängigkeit von den Ausgangsmengen die farblosen Addukte {R3PO · LiJ} bzw. {(R3PO)4 · LiJ} resultieren.Je nach Organorest R bzw. R′ bilden die Addukte {R3PO · MPR′2} in Dioxan oder Äther dunkelrote bis gelbe Farblösungen. Als Ursache hierfür ist die durch das Lösungsmittel begünstigte polare Form - {R3PO · MPR′2} ⇄ [R3POM⊕][|P̄R′2]⊖ - und damit die Ausbildung eines Phosphidanions [|P̄R′2]⊖ anzusehen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 328 (1964), S. 105-112 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: From the reaction of trimethyl silanole with elementary rubidium and caesium, quantitative yields of the new compounds rubidium and caesium trimethylsilanolate have been obtained. Physical and chemical properties as well as IR and NMR spectra of the alkali trimethylsilanolates being now completed are reported and discussed.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von elementarem Rubidium und Caesium mit Trimethylsilanol wurden erstmals ein Rubidium- bzw. Caesiumtrimethylsilanolat in reiner Form dargestellt. Neben einer vergleichenden Betrachtung ihrer physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften wurden an den Verbindungen der auf diese Weise vervollständigten Reihe der Alkali-trimethylsilanolate IR- und NMR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse werden in Hinsicht auf die vorliegenden Struktur- und Bindungsverhältnisse diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 328 (1964), S. 165-171 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tetrasulfur tetranitride, S4N4, and phenyldichlorophosphine, C6H5PCl2, react to form salt-like products which can be designated as the chlorides of imido-diphenyl-diphosphonic acid and of higher imido-polyphosphonic acids. Along with these, phenyl-dichlorophosphine sulfide and the trichloride of thio-imido-diphenyl-diphosphonic acid are formed.
    Notes: Tetraschwefeltetranitrid, S4N4, und Phenyldichlorphosphin, C6H5PCl2, reagieren zu salzartigen Produkten, die als Chloride der Imido-diphenyl-diphosphonsäure und höherer Imido-polyphosphonsäuren beschrieben werden können. Daneben entstehen Phenyldichlorphosphinsulfid und das Trichlorid der Thio-imido-diphenyldiphosphonsäure.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 331 (1964), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: By decomposition at 20 torr the following hydrate phases are indicated: MgSO4 · 7 H2O, MgSO4 · 6 H2O, MgSO4 · 4 H2O, MgSO4 · 2 H2O, MgSO4 · 1 H2O, MgSO4, NiSO4 · 7 H2O, NiSO4 · 6 H2O, NiSO4 · 4 H2O, NiSO4 · 2 H2O, NiSO4 · 1 H2O, NiSO4; ZnSO4 · 7 H2O, ZnSO4 · 1 H2O, ZnSO4.
    Notes: Durch isobaren Abbau bei 20 Torr können folgende Hydratphasen nachgewiesen werden: MgSO4 · 7 H2O, MgSO4 · 6 H2O, MgSO4 · 4 H2O, MgSO4 · 2 H2O, MgSO4 · 1 H2O, MgSO4, NiSO4 · 7 H2O, NiSO4 · 6 H2O, NiSO4 · 4 H2O, NiSO4 · 2 H2O, NiSO4 · 1 H2O, NiSO4; ZnSO4 · 7 H2O, ZnSO4 · 1 H2O, ZnSO4.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 331 (1964), S. 59-62 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The acid-catalysed solvolysis of (CH3)2(CH2X)SiH [X = Cl, Br, J], (CH3)2(CHX2)SiH [X = Cl] und (CH3)(CH2X)SiH [X = Cl] was determined in ethanol/water and the influence of substituents was compared by means of TAFTs constants σ*.
    Notes: Die säurekatalysierte Solvolyse von (CH3)2(CH2X)SiH [X = Cl, Br, J], (CH3)2(CHX2)SiH [X = Cl] und (CH3)(CH2X)SiH [X = Cl] wurde in Äthanol/Wasser gemessen und der Substituenteneinfluß mit den TAFT-Konstanten σ* verglichen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 331 (1964), S. 92-97 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The sulfuric-acid isomer peroxosulfurous acid, H2SIVO4, and its derivatives are rearranged to the much more stable sulfuric acid after their intermediate formation in the course of different reactions. Peroxoselenous acid, H2SeIVO4, on the other hand, may be prepared from SeO2 or H2SeO3 and H2O2.
    Notes: Die zur Schwefelsäure isomere Peroxoschweflige Säure H2SIVO4, und ihre Derivate lagern sich nach ihrer Bildung bei verschiedenen Umsetzungen so rasch in die erheblich stabilere Schwefelsäure um, daß sie nicht isoliert werden können. Demgegenüber kann die peroxoselenige Säure H2SeIVO4, wenn auch noch nicht in reiner Form, aus SeO2 bzw. H2SeO3, und H2O2, dargestellt werden.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 331 (1964), S. 112-120 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: N-(β-Hydroxy-ethyl)-β-alanine (III), 2-(β-hydroxy-ethylamino)-terephathalic acid (IV) and 2,5-bis-(β-hydroxy-ethylamino)-terephathalic acid (V) behave as tridentate ligands against Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) ions forming 1,1 and 1,2 complexes, some of which occur in the protonated form. The stability constants of the 1,2 chelates were found to be smaller than those of the 1,1 chelates. The aliphatic ligand III yields more instable complexes than the aromatic compounds IV and V.
    Notes: N-(β-Hydroxy-äthyl)-β-alanin (III), 2-(β-Hydroxy-äthylamino)-terephthalsäure (IV) und 2,5-Bis-(β-hydroxy-äthylamino)-terephthalsäure (V) wirken Kupfer(II)-, Nickel(II)- und Kobalt(II)-Ionen gegenüber als dreizählige Liganden. Die Stabilitätskonstanten der 1,1-Komplexe, die zum Teil noch Wasserstoffionen anlagern können, wurden bestimmt. In einigen Fällen gelang auch die Ermittlung der Stabilitätskonstanten von 1,2-Chelaten. Sie sind in jedem Fall kleiner als die der 1,1-Chelate. Der aliphatische Ligand III bildet vergleichsweise instabilere Komplexe als die aromatischen Liganden IV und V.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 331 (1964), S. 151-153 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A method for the photometric determination of tin in organostannanes is described.
    Notes: Es wird eine Methode zur photometrischen Sn-Bestimmung in Organostannanen angegeben.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aus der Abhängigkeit des Brechungsindex, der Lichtabsorption, der Leitfähigkeit und des pH-Wertes von der Zusammensetzung gemischter Uranyl- und Rubidiumnitrat-Lösungen wird die Bildung von Tri-, Tetra- und Pentanitratouranyl-Komplexionen gefolgert.
    Notes: Refractive index, colorimetry, conductivity and pH measurements of a series of mixed solutions of uranyl nitrate and rubidium nitrate have shown the existence of three complex compounds in solution in the (1:1), (1:2) and (1:3) molecular ratios respectively viz. All the above mentioned compounds have been detected only in the solution by the breaks in the usual curves when various properties like conductivity, refractive index, colorimetry and pH were plotted against the m. l. of rubidium nitrate (M/20) added to a fixed volume of uranyl nitrate (M/20).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 331 (1964) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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