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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 2 (1977), S. 257-265 
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a direct leukocyte migration test, peripheral blood leukocytes were pulsed with a high dose (2.5 and 0.5 mg/ml) of 3 M KCl extracts from 5 different colorectal tumours as well as with one 3 M KCl extract of normal colonic mucosa. Patients showing a pathological migration index (⩽0.80 and ⩾1.17), with 3 or more out of 5 tumour extracts, were considered as “positives”. With this test mode 93% (55/59) of patients with colorectal carcinomas were reactive, irrespective of the tumour stage, while only 7% (2/27) of patients with non-malignant colorectal diseases showed a “positive” reaction. Patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases of other organs were reactive in 2–3% of cases. No “positive” reactivity was observed with leukocytes from 37 healthy volunteers. Pulsing leukocytes with the normal colonic mucosal extract, a pathological migration index was found in about 20% of colorectal cancer patients, but not in healthy volunteers. Evaluating 10 single tumour extracts individually, reactivity of cancer patients' leukocytes ranged from 65–89% of tests, the difference being not statistically significant. Leukocytes from healthy volunteers showed a pathological migration index with the different extracts in 0–6% of tests. With the leukocyte migration test we could not differentiate between tumours of the colon, sigma or rectum. Patients bearing tumours in any part of the large bowel showed pathological leukocyte migration with extracts of colon-, sigma- and rectum tumours. When the cross-reactivity study was extended to tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, it was found that patients with colorectal tumours were reactive, in a high percentage of tests, with extracts of gastric tumours, but gastric as well as oesophageal and pancreatic cancer patients' leukocytes only reacted occasionally with colorectal tumour extracts. In the follow-up study, a “positive” reactivity was still found 10–14 days after surgery in 27/31 patients. After more than 2 months, the frequency of “positive” reactivity decreased to 10/70 cases. Patients with local recurrence or metastases exhibited “positive” reactivity in 6/7 cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 14 (1980), S. 233-243 
    ISSN: 0047-6374
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 1148-1149 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Under the same hormonal conditions, mammary gland growth in adult female rats is more pronounced than in males. Since there are no differences in the glandular development of both sexes, either at birth or at 30 days of life, it is assumed that male rats react less sensitively than female rats in response to a hormonal stimulus with regard to mammary gland growth. It is presumed that androgen influence during the differentiation stage is responsible for the fixation of a decreased sensitivity of the positive feedback-mechanism between estrogens and prolactin secretion in males. Thus changes in sensitivity would be the reason for mammary gland growth in males being smaller than in females under the same hormonal conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain Capillaries ; Brain Cortex ; Cat Brain ; Hypovolemia ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histotopochemical and morphometric investigations were used to determine the following average values of capillary parameters in the cat's brain cortex: diameter $$\bar D_i$$ , percentage of the projected area $${{\bar A^0 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar A^0 } {_{0^{Ai} } }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {_{0^{Ai} } }}$$ , surface-to-volume ratio $${{\bar S_i } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar S_i } {\bar V_i }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\bar V_i }}$$ , free distances between capillary surfaces $$\bar \lambda$$ and length per unit brain volume $$\bar L_{Vi}$$ . These overall average values per stereotaxically defined brain region of 6 control and 6 hypovolemic animals were calculated by a computer. The hypovolemic condition was achieved by reducing the systemic arterial blood pressure to 50 mm Hg. The resulting hypovolemia caused a significantly diminished diameter $$\bar \bar D_i$$ , a highly increased length per unit brain volume $$\bar \bar L_{Vi}$$ and an improved surface-to-volume ratio $${{\bar \bar S_i } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar \bar S_i } {\bar \bar V_i }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\bar \bar V_i }}$$ of cortical capillaries. The behaviour of these 5 morphometric parameters during hypovolemic oligemia in the cat's brain cortex leads to the conclusion, that an adapted state of the capillary network may be a response to a reduced blood volume and blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 12 (1967), S. 152-158 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels vergleichender Untersuchungen und Blockierungs-bzw. Abbauverfahren wurde der Reaktionsumfang für die Säureanhydridreaktion und für die Carbodiimidreaktion zum histochemischen Nachweis für Carboxylgruppen bestimmt. Die Carbodiimidreaktion erfaßt COOH-Gruppen von Proteinen und von einigen sialinsauren Kohlenhydraten. Durch den zusätzlichen Nachweis saurer Kohlenhydrate unterscheidet sie sich von der Säureanhydridreaktion. Außerdem wurde der Fixierungseinfluß auf das Ergebnis der Carbodiimidreaktion ermittelt.
    Notes: Summary The reactive range of the acid anhydride reaction and the carbodiimide reaction for the histochemical demonstration of carboxyl groups was investigated by comparative methods, blocking tests and analytical methods. The carbodiimide reaction reveals COOH-groups of proteins and several sialinic acid carbohydrates. The additional demonstration of acid carbohydrates distinguishes the carbodiimide reaction from the acid anhydride reaction. The influence of fixatives on the outcome of the carbodiimide reaction is also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1998), S. 363-370 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Porcine M2 receptors ; Allosteric interactions ; Mg2+-effects ; W84 ; Chin3/6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mg2+-ions have been suspected to attenuate the inhibitory effect of allosteric modulators on the dissociation of orthosteric ligands from muscarinic M2 receptors. It was aimed to gain more insight into the molecular events underlying the effect of Mg2+. The interaction of Mg2+ with the allosteric model compounds W84 (hexane-1,6-bis [dimethyl-3’-phthalimidopropylammonium bromide]) and Chin3/6 (hexane-1,6-bis[dimethyl-3’-{4-oxo-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-quinazolin-1-yl}propylammonium bromide]) was studied in porcine heart muscarinic receptors, the primary binding site of which was occupied by the ligand [3H]N-methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS). The incubation buffer was composed of 4 mM Na2HPO4 and 1 mM KH2PO4 (pH 7.4, 23°C). The retardation of [3H]NMS dissociation (control t1/2 = 5.6 min) induced by the allosteric test compounds was diminished by 3 mM Mg2+ to a greater extent than to be expected with regard to its contribution to the ionic strength of the buffer solution. Concentration-effect curves for the allosteric retardation of [3H]NMS dissociation by W84 (half maximal effective concentration EC0.5 = 24 nM in the absence of Mg2+) and by Chin3/6 (EC0.5 = 28 nM) were shifted by Mg2+ to the right in a parallel fashion. The curve-shift was compatible with a competitive interplay between Mg2+ and the modulators. The pK b-values as a measure of the antagonistic potency of Mg2+, however, differed depending on the modulator, i.e. pK b = 3.4 with W84 and pK b = 2.8 with Chin3/6. Mg2+ itself was capable of slowing the dissociation of [3H]NMS; the maximal retardation of [3H]NMS dissociation was about 3fold, the concentration-effect relationship was compatible with a two-site model using the above-mentioned pK b-values as affinity constants. Since the equilibrium-binding of [3H]NMS remained unchanged up to a Mg2+-concentration of 3 mM, the cation appears to inhibit the association and dissociation of [3H]NMS to the same extent in this concentration range. Taken together, the findings indicate that Mg2+ may bind to the allosteric region of muscarinic M2 receptors and that more than one site is involved in this interaction. The sites of action may represent divalent cation binding sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 245 (1989), S. 943-945 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Small cell bronchogenic carcinoma ; Induction therapy ; Maintenance ; Remission rate ; Survival ; Kleinzelliges Bronchialkarzinom ; Induktionsbehandlung ; Erhaltungstherapie ; Remissionsraten ; Überlebenszeiten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Seit Juli 1978 wurden 103 Patienten mit inoperablem kleinzelligem Bronchialkarzinom mit der Zytostatikakombination Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamid und Vincristin (ACO) behandelt. Im Stadium „limited disease“ (n=64) erfolgte während des zweiten Chemotherapiekurses eine prophylaktische Schädelbestrahlung, nach dem vierten eine konsolidierende thorakale Bestrahlung. Nach Erreichen einer kompletten Remission erhielten die Patienten prospektiv randomisiert Etoposid oder keine weitere spezifische Therapie. Ein objektives Ansprechen konnte bei 88/100 auswertbaren Patienten erzielt werden. Im Stadium „limited disease“ fanden sich 72%, im Stadium „extensive disease“ nur 33% komplette Remissionen. Im Stadium „limited disease“ betrug die hochgerechnete mediane Überlebenszeit 15,8, im Stadium „extensive disease“ 9,3 Monate (p〈0.005). Es leben noch 29 Patienten, 4 rezidivfrei länger als 24 Monate. Patienten mit kompletter Remission hatten eine statistisch signifikant (p〈0.001) längere Überlebenszeit als Patienten mit geringerem Ansprechen. Regelmäßig traten gastrointestinale und hämatologische Nebenwirkungen auf, drei Patienten starben während der Induktionsphase an Infektionen. Die kurzzeitige Induktionsbehandlung verbesserte jedoch den Krankheitsverlauf subjektiv und objektiv. Bisher ist kein positiver Effekt der zyklischen Etoposid-Gabe nach ACO festzustellen.
    Notes: Summary Since July 1978 one hundred and three consecutive patients with unresectable small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with a combination of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (ACO). In limited disease patients (64) the second chemotherapy course was followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation, the fourth by irradiation towards primary disease sites. Complete responders were randomised to either receive etoposide or no further maintenance therapy. Objective responses were reached in 88/100 evaluable patients, with 72% of complete remissions in limited-stage disease and 33% in extensive disease, respectively. The actuarial median survival time for limited disease patients was 15.8 months compared to 9.3 months in extensive disease (p〈0.005). 29 of the 100 patients remain still alive, 4 for more than 24 months without disease recurrence. The survival advantage of patients reaching complete remissions relative to those who did not is highly significant (p〈0.001). Acute gastrointestinal and hematological side effects were common, with possibly three drug-related deaths from infections during transient granulocytopenia (mean nadir: 600–900 cells/mm3). The present induction regimen using only four courses of chemotherapy produces high complete remission rates on roentgenography and bronchoscopy and improved survival in the majority of patients. Thus far any effectiveness of etoposide-maintenance therapy following ACO could not be substantiated.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 237 (1988), S. 91-100 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Basilar artery stenosis ; Basilar artery occlusion ; Continuous-wave Doppler sonography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the past 5 years we have investigated 29 patients with symptomatic basilar artery stenoses (14 cases) and occlusions (14) and a patent primitive trigeminal artery with thin-calibered basilar and vertebral arteries (1) using directional continuous-wave Doppler sonography of the vertebral arteries. A total of 19 patients survived, and 17 of them were clinically and sonographically reexamined after 40.4 ± 15.8 months (mean ± SD). Among the 8 patients with basilar stenoses, 6 — with no further transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) in the interval — exhibited an increase in the summed modified Pourcelot indices (relative end-diastolic flow velocities) of the vertebrals by 0.18 ± 0.16; the other 2 showed a decrease by 0.26 each, in 1 case temporally related to a TIA, in the 2nd case without further clinical deterioration. In the 8 survivors with basilar occlusions, 5 remained — by sonographic criteria — unchanged with summed modified Pourcelot indices of the vertebrals of 0.00, while 3 patients exhibited a slight increase in the summed modified Pourcelot indices of 0.13 ± 0.03. While the difference between the outcome of subsets of patients treated with regimens of 30,000–40,000 units heparin/day or phenprocoumon and less radical drugs were statistically not significant, the former regimen appeared clinically more efficacious in preventing further deterioration in approximately two-thirds of the patients affected. Due to the potential recurrence of neurological symptoms, a treatment period with phenprocoumon of 6 months after discharge from hospital appears justified. Due to these therapeutic efforts, approximately half of the patients initially affected survived with no or only a mild neurological deficit. Directional continuous-wave Doppler sonography is, in our opinion, a reliable technique for examining the short- and long-term changes in peripheral vascular resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 39 (1993), S. 249-261 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: Mg2TiO4 ; NiMn2O4 ; Ni1.5Mn1.5O4 ; semiconductor ceramics ; solid state reactivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von NixMn3−x(C2O4)36H2O Oxalatmischkristallen führt die thermische Zersetzung bei vermindertem partialem Druck von Sauerstoff (po2 = 2%) zur Bildung von NiMn2O4 (x=1) unter metastabilen Bedingungen. Das nur in metastabilem Zustand existierende Ni1.5Mn1.5O4 (x=1.5) wurde ebenfalls hergestellt. Beide Spinellverbindungen sind vom stark umgekehrten Typ. Über einen Sol-Gel Herstellungsweg wurde gefunden, daß Mg2TiO4 ebenfalls in metastabilem Zustand gebildet wird. Tempern ergibt eine Zersetzung der Verbindungen, was zu NiMnO3 und 1/2Mn2O3 oder nur NiMnO3 oder MgTiO3 und MgO führt. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten sind für die Zersetzung von NiMn2O4 und Ni1.5Mn1.5O4 niedriger als für die von Mg2TiO4. Die Rückreaktion der Bildung von NiMn2O4 oberhalb 730°C zeigt eine endotherme Enthalpie von +61 kJ·mol−1. Für die Bildung von Mg2TiO4 oberhalb 1050°C wurde eine endotherme Enthalpie von +19.3 kJ·mol−1 gefunden. Die Ergebnisse wurden unter Berücksichtigung der Struktureigenschaften der Oxide diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Starting from oxalate mixed crystals NixMn3−x(C2O4)3·6H2O thermal decomposition at reduced oxygen partial pressure (po2= 2%) leads to the formation of NiMn2O4 (x = 1) at metastable conditions. Ni1.5Mn1.5O4 (x = 1.5) existing in the metastable state only has been also prepared. The spinel compounds both are of the highly inversed type. Following a sol-gel preparation route Mg2TiO4 has been also found to be formed in the metastable state. Annealing results in decomposition of the compounds providing NiMnO3 and 1/2α-Mn2O3 or NiMnO3 only or MgTiO3 and MgO, respectively. The reaction rates observed are lower for NiMn2O4 and Ni1.5Mn1.5O4 than for Mg2TiO4 decomposition. The reverse reaction of NiMn2O4 formation above 730°C shows an endothermic enthalpy of +61 kJ·mol−1. For Mg2TiO4 formation above 1050°C an endothermic enthalpy of +19.3 kJ·mol−1 is found. The results are discussed in terms of structural features of the oxides.
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