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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Bone marrow transplantation ; Acute leukaemia ; Knochenmarktransplantation ; akute Leukämie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Knochenmarktransplantation München wurden von August 1975 bis Juni 1980 insgesamt 17 Patienten mit rezidivierter, akuter Leukämie mit Knochenmark von HLA-identischen Geschwistern transplantiert. Die antileukämische und immunsuppressive Vorbehandlung bestand aus BCNU, Cytosin-Arabinosid, Cyclophosphamid in hoher Dosierung und Ganzkörperbestrahlung mit etwa 9 Gy Körpermitteldosis an einer60Co-Doppelbestrahlungsanlage. Die Prophylaxe einer Graft-versus-Host Krankheit (GvHK) wurde in allen Fällen mit Methotrexat durchgeführt, bei neun Patienten wurde als zusätzliche GvHK-Prophylaxe das Knochenmark mit Anti-T-Zell-Globulin inkubiert, von dem die Antikörper gegen hämopoetische Stammzellen absorbiert waren. Zwei von fünf auswertbaren Patienten, die unbehandeltes Knochenmark erhalten hatten, entwickelten chronische GvHK, während kein Patient nach ATCG-Inkubation des Knochenmarkes eindeutige GvH-Krankheit bekam. Sechs Patienten leben in Vollremission zwischen einem und 33 Monaten nach Knochenmarktransplantation (KMT). Fünf Patienten starben mit Rezidiven zwischen 3 1/2 und 24 Monaten nach KMT, drei Patienten mit interstitieller Pneumonie innerhalb von 3 Monaten nach KMT und drei Patienten innerhalb von 4 Wochen ohne ausreichende Knochenmarkfunktion. Vier von 13 Patienten, die vor mehr als 6 Monaten transplantiert wurden, überleben zur Zeit 11, 14, 19 und 33 Monate in Vollremission. Unsere Ergebnisse bestätigen, daß selbst in fortgeschrittenen Stadien akuter Leukämie durch KMT noch langfristige Remissionen erreichbar sind.
    Notes: Summary Seventeen patients with relapsed, acute leukemia were grafted with bone marrow from HLA-identical siblings by the ‘Munich Cooperative Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation’ during the period from August 1975 to June 1980. The antileukemic and immunosuppressive conditioning treatment consisted of high doses of Bischlorethyl nitrosourea, Cytosine-Arabinoside and Cyclophosphamide, as well as, total body irradiation of about 9 Gy (midline body dose) from dual60Cobalt sources. Methotrexate was given to all patients for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Nine patients received marrow that was treated with anti-T-cell globulin (ATCG) “in vitro”. — Crossreacting antibodies against hemopoietic stem cells were removed by absorption. Two of 5 evaluable patients given untreated marrow developed chronic GvHD, while patients given ATCG-treated marrow did not show unequivocal symptoms of GvHD. Six patients are in complete remission one to 33 months following bone marrow transplantation (b.m.t.) Five patients died with relapses of leukemia between 3 1/2 and 24 months following b.m.t., 3 patients died with interstitial pneumonia within 3 months of b.m.t. and 3 patients died with insufficient graft function within 4 weeks of b.m.t. Four of thirteen patients that were grafted more than 6 months ago are presently alive and in continuous complete remission at 11, 14, 29 and 33 months following b.m.t. Our results confirm that longterm remissions can be obtained with b.m.t. in patients with acute leukemia in advanced stage.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Bone marrow transplantation ; Aplastic anaemia ; Knochenmarktransplantation ; Aplastische Anämie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Knochenmarktransplantation — München (AG-KMT) wurden vom März 1975 bis Mai 1980 insgesamt 12 Patienten wegen schwerer, aplastischer Anämie mit Knochenmarktransplantation (KMT) behandelt. Sechs Patienten überleben derzeit mit normalem Blutbild und Knochenmark zwischen 10 Monaten und mehr als 5 Jahren nach KMT von HLA-identischen Geschwistern, eine Patientin steht noch in ambulanter Behandlung wegen lokalisierter, chronischer Graft-versus-Host Krankheit (GvHK), fünf Patienten sind klinisch gesund. Sechs Patienten starben, ein Patient starb am Tag vor KMT mit Hirnblutung, drei Patienten 32, 40 und 55 Tage nach KMT an den Folgen der Transplantatabstoßung, einer an schwerer GvHK 85 Tage nach KMT und einer 87 Tage nach KMT vermutlich an interstitieller Pneumonie nach Hirnblutung. Drei von 6 Patienten, die nur mit Cyclophosphamid (CY) vorbehandelt waren, starben infolge Abstoßung des Transplantates. Zwei erwachsene Patienten, die mit CY und „total lymphoid irradiation“ vorbehandelt waren, und drei Kinder, die nach KMT unbestrahlte Leukocytenkonzentrate von Knochenmarkspender erhalten hatten, stießen das Transplantat nicht ab. Die Ergebnisse der AG-KMT sind vergleichbar denen großer, spezialisierter Zentren für KMT und zeigen die Möglichkeiten einer Heilung schwerer aplastischer Anämien durch KMT von HLA-identischen Geschwistern. Die Erfolge sind besser bei frühzeitiger KMT.
    Notes: Summary From March 1975 until May 1980 twelve patients with severe aplastic anemia were grafted with bone marrow from HLA-identical siblings by the Munich Cooperative Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation. Six patients are alive between 10 months and more than 5 years after grafting with normal blood values and marrow. One patient is treated as an out patient for chronic localized graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), five patients are well and without treatment. Six patients have died, one patient with a cerebral hemorrhage the day before transplantation, three patients following rejection of grafts 32, 40 and 55 days after grafting, one patient with severe GvHD 85 days after grafting and one patient, probably with interstitial pneumonia, following cerebral hemorrhage. Three of 6 patients who were conditioned with Cyclophosphamide (CY) only died following rejection of the graft. Two adults who were conditioned with CY and “total lymphoid irradiation” and three children, who were given unirradiated leukocyte concentrates from the marrow donor after grafting, did not reject their grafts. The results of the Munich-Cooperative Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation are comparable to those of large, specialized centers for bone marrow transplantation, they indicate possibilities of cure of severe aplastic anemia by marrow grafts from HLA-identical siblings. They confirm that better results are obtained with earlier transplantation in the course of the disease.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 1091-1093 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Iron deficiency ; Lymphocyte function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 23 children with mild iron-deficiency anemia, 22 children with latent iron-deficiency, and in 46 healthy controls the3H-thymidine incorporation in blood lymphocytes after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, and serum against thymocytic cells was measured. In 11 of the children with iron-deficiency anemia, in 13 of the children with latent iron-deficiency, and in 20 controls the lymphotoxin secretion after phytohemagglutinin stimulation was also performed. All patients studied were without intercurrent infections and were well nourished. No alteration of the lymphocyte function in the patients was found. The concentrations of immunoglobulins and the components C3 and C4 of complement system were also found to be normal. It is suggested that lymphocyte functions are eventually only altered in more severe states of iron-deficiency anemia.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Eisenabsorption ; Reserveeisen ; Eisenmangel ; zystische Fibrose ; Pankreatin ; Hämosiderose ; Iron absorption ; Storage iron ; Iron deficiency ; Cystic fibrosis ; Pancreatin ; Hemosiderosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The absorption of59Fe from a diagnostic 0.56 mg59Fe2+ dose was measured by 4π-geometry whole body counting and related to the amount of stainable diffuse cytoplasmatic non heme storage iron in the bone marrow macrophages of children with cystic fibrosis. When the storage iron was within the normal range (+/2+) children with cystic fibrosis absorbed 10–38% ( $$\bar X_a $$ a±S.D.=21±9.3) of the oral59Fe2+ dose which is identical with the59Fe-absorption in normal children with normal iron stores (9–45:23±8.7%). Depleted iron stores caused an increase of59Fe-absorption to 43–95% ( $$\bar X_a $$ a±S.D.=62±19) in children with cystic fibrosis and to 45–100% ( $$\bar X_a $$ a±S.D.=73±18) in control children. The interruption or continuation of pancreatin maintenance therapy and the simultaneous administration of 1–1.5 g pancreatin did not influence59Fe2+ absorption in cystic fibrosis. There is no evidence for a pancreatic factor required for or inhibiting inorganic and food iron absorption in human beings. Iron absorption is controlled also in cystic fibrosis chiefly by the amounts of available storage iron. It is therefore not justified to apprehend the development of hemosiderosis in children with cystic fibrosis who are not or not sufficiently treated with pancreatin.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Kindern mit zystischer Pankreasfibrose wurde die Eisenabsorption aus der diagnostischen 10 µMol (=0.56 mg)59Fe2+-Dosis durch Gesamtkörper-59Fe-Retentionsmessung in einem 4π-Meßgeometrie Gesamtkörper-Radioaktivitätsdetektor bestimmt und in Relation gesetzt zu dem mit der Berliner Blau-Reaktion in den Knochenmarks-Makrophagen anfärbbaren, diffus im Cytoplasma verteilten Nichthäm-Reserveeisen. Kinder mit zystischer Fibrose und normalen Eisenreserven (+/2+) absorbierten mit 10–38 ( $$\bar X_a $$ a±S.D.=21±9,3%) ebensoviel59Fe wie gesunde Kinder mit normalen Eisenreserven (9−45=23±8,7%). Die Erschöpfung der Eisenreserven im prälatenten/latenten Eisenmangel verursachte einen Anstieg der59Fe2+-Absorption auf 43–95 ( $$\bar X_a $$ a+S.D.=62±19%) bei den Kindern mit zystischer Fibrose bzw. auf 45–100 ( $$\bar X_a $$ a±S.D.=73±18%) bei den gesunden Kindern. Die Unterbrechung der Pankreatin-Substitutionstherapie sowie die gleichzeitige orale Verabfolgung von 1–1,5 g Pankreatin zeigten keinen Effekt auf die59Fe2+-Absorption bei den Kindern mit zystischer Fibrose. Es ergab sich kein Anhalt für die Existenz eines Pankreasfaktors, der entweder für die Eisenabsorption beim Menschen benötigt wird oder aber diese hemmen könnte. Auch bei exokriner Pankreasinsuffizienz infolge zystischer Fibrose wird das Ausmaß der intestinalen Eisenabsorption durch die Mengen an verfügbarem Reserveeisen bestimmt. Es besteht daher keine Veranlassung zu der geäußerten Befürchtung der Entwicklung einer Eisenabsorptions-Hämosiderose bei nicht oder nicht ausreichend mit Pankreatin substituierten Kindern mit zystischer Fibrose.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Absorption ; Nahrungseisen ; Hämoglobin ; Fleisch ; Leber ; Vitamin B12 ; Selenomethionin ; Zystische Fibrose ; Pankreasinsuffizienz ; Maldigestion ; Eisenmangel ; Reserveeisen ; Pankreatin ; Intrinsic Factor ; Absorption ; Food iron ; Hemiglobin ; Meat ; Liver ; Vitamin B12 ; Selenomethionine ; Cystic fibrosis ; Pancreatic insufficiency ; Malabsorption ; Iron deficiency ; Iron stores ; Pancreatin ; Intrinsic factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The absorption of biosynthetically59Fe-labeled hemiglobin, pork and hog liver,60Co-vitamin B12 and75Se-selenomethionin labeled pork was measured in children with cystic fibrosis by whole body counting of the absorbed radionuclides within the 4π geometry of a large volume radioactivity detector with liquid organic scintillator. Children with normal or mildly reduced iron stores absorbed 6–13% of the 5 mg hemiglobin-iron, 7–14% of the 5 mg liver-iron and 17–34% of the pork-iron whereas children with depleted iron stores absorbed 19% of the hemiglobin-59Fe, 13 and 28% of the liver-59Fe and 23 and 30% of the pork-59Fe. These absorption values are all within the ranges of hemiglobin-, liver- and pork-59Fe absorption described for healthy adults with normal and depleted iron stores, respectively. Pancreatic proteolytic digestion is obviously not necessary for the intraluminal release preceeding the absorption of dietary heme- and non heme-iron from hemiglobin, meat and liver, respectively. An increased absorption of hemiglobin-, liver-and pork iron is caused by depleted iron stores also in children with cystic fibrosis. An intrinsic factor non-responsivevitamin B 12-malabsorption was observed in all investigated children with cystic fibrosis and confirms the requirement of a pancreatic proteolytic enzyme (trypsin) for the vitamin B12-intrinsic factor binding reaction or the fixation of the vitamin B12-intrinsic factor complex to the ileal receptors. Children with cystic fibrosis absorbed 60 and 71% of the75Se from an oral dose of 200 g75 Se-selenomethionine labeled pork, whereas normal adults absorbed 76–100% ( $$\bar X_1 $$ 1±S.D.=87±3.5) of the75Sc. Pancreatin did not improve the bioavailability of75Se-selenomethionine from labeled pork in cystic fibrosis which is just below the normal range. Intraluminal peptic digestion of dietary protein seems to be adequate in pancreatic insufficiency and pancreatin treatment did not improve protein utilization in cystic fibrosis
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Absorption des59Fe aus biosynthetisch markiertem Schweine-Hämoglobin-(59Fe), Leber-(59Fe) und Fleisch-(59Fe), des60Co aus Vitamin B12-(60Co) und des75Se aus Selenomethionin-(75Se)-markiertem Schweinefleisch wurde bei Kindern mit zystischer Fibrose durch Gesamtkörper-retentionsmessung der absorbierten Radionuklide in einem Großraum-Radioaktivitätsdetektor mit flüssigem organischem Szintillator und 4π-Meßgeometrie bestimmt. Kinder mit zystischer Fibrose und normalen oder nur leicht reduzierten Eisenreserven absorbierten 6–13% aus 5 mg Hämoglobin-Eisen (=1,44 g Hämoglobin), 7–14% aus 5 mg Leber-Eisen (=25 g Leber) und 17–34% aus 0,7–2,0 mg Fleisch-Eisen (=70–200 g Fleisch), während bei Erschöpfung der Eisenreserven eine59Fe-Absorption von 19% aus Hämoglobin, 13 und 28% aus Leber und 23 und 30% aus Fleisch gemessen wurde. Alle diese Eisenabsorptionen liegen innerhalb der Normalbereiche der Nahrungseisenabsorption, die bei gesunden Menschen mit normalen bzw. erschöpften Eisenreserven ermittelt worden waren. Offensichtlich ist die proteolytische Verdauung durch die Pankreasprotease nicht wesentlich für die der Absorption im oberen Dünndarm vorgeschaltete intraluminäre Freisetzung des Hämund Nichthäm-Eisen aus Hämoglobin, Fleisch und Leber. Eine erhöhte Nahrungseisenabsorption wird auch bei Kindern mit zystischer Fibrose durch die Erschöpfung der Eisenreserven verursacht. Eine Intrinsic Factor-nichtresponsive Vitamin B12-Malabsorption wurde bei allen untersuchten Kindern mit zystischer Fibrose festgestellt und ist möglicherweise auf die Notwendigkeit eines proteolytischen Pankreasenzymes (Trypsin?) für die Bindung des Vitamin B12-Intrinsic Factor-Komplexes an die Ileumreceptoren zurückzuführen. Die Absorption des75Se aus Selenomethionin-(75Se)-markiertem Schweinefleisch lag mit 60 und 71% bei Kindern mit zystischer Fibrose nur geringfügig unter dem bei gesunden Erwachsenen gemessenen Bereich der Selenomethionin-(75Se)-Absorption aus 200 g Fleisch (76–100%; $$\bar X_a $$ a±S.D.=87±3.5). Durch 3 g Pankreatin wurde die Bioverfügbarkeit des Selenomethionin-(75Se) aus Fleisch bei Kindern mit zystischer Fibrose nicht beeinflußt. Bei Kindern mit zystischer Pankreasfibrose reicht die peptische Verdauung der Nahrungsproteine für die Bioverfügbarkeit der Aminosäuren wohl noch aus, so daß die anschließende Spaltung durch Pankreasproteasen bzw. eine Substitution von Pankreasproteasen nicht mehr erforderlich ist.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Hemolytia anemia ; Erythroblastic hyperplasia ; Iron absorption ; Storage iron ; Iron deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A high negative correlation (coefficient ∼ 0.9) between increased 59Fe absorption from a diagnostic 0.56 mg 59Fe2+ dose and the depletion of available storage iron was observed in menstruating and pregnant women, fullterm and premature infants, blood donors, patients with infections, inflammations, tumors, hepatic cirrhosis, gastric surgery, increased urogenital or gastrointestinal blood loss. The increased diagnostic 59Fe2+ absorption is a reliable and sensitive indicator of at least depleted iron stores or prelatent iron deficiency as caused by iron malnutrition or maldigestion, increased iron requirement in pregnancy, infancy, urogenital or gastrointestinal blood loss. Although the messenger system which signalyzes the depletion of iron stores to the iron absorbing enterocytes of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa is not yet known available storage iron seems to control intestinal iron absorption under normal and the great majority of pathological conditions in humans. Anemia per se or high erythropoietin levels in blood do not influence iron absorption since patients with even severe erythroblastic hypoplasia, aplastic anemia and megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency absorb iron according to their iron stores. An only mild hyperplasia of the erythropoietic system in the bone marrow does also not effect iron absorption which was still under the control of available storage iron in patients with hereditary spherocytosis, nonspherocytic congenital hemolytic anemia due to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, acquired hemolytic anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency induced megaloblastic anemia. An exception from the general rule that depleted iron stores do cause increased iron absorption, which can be used therefore for the reliable diagnosis of depleted iron stores or prelatent iron deficiency, was observed only in anemic children with hereditary nonspherocytic enzymopenic hemolytic anemia due to pyruvate kinase deficiency. In these cases a strong normoblastic hyperplasia correlated well with the increased iron absorption in the presence of normal amounts of available storage iron. Blood transfusions which suppress the normoblastic hyperplasia do also reduce the increased iron absorption to normal levels. A similar iron absorption increasing effect of hyperplastic ineffective erythrocytopoiesis was also observed in adults with sideroblastic anemia and children with severe homozygous β-thalassemia although the iron stores of these patients were normal or increased. The messenger system which is used by the body for signalyzing severe normoblastic hyperplasia to the iron absorbing intestinal mucosa and induces a useless and even dangerous augmented iron absorption is not yet known. Since the diseases with severe normoblastic hyperplasia are extremely rare and easily to diagnose the increased intestinal iron absorption from the diagnostic 0.56 mg 59Fe2+ dose is a very useful, reliable and sensitive indicator of already the earliest stage of iron deficiency.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The intestinal absorption of 59Fe from a diagnostic 10 μmole (0.56 mg) 59Fe2+ test dose and 5 mg Fe equivalents of 59Fe-labeled pork, hog liver and hemoglobin was measured with a 4 π geometry whole-body radioactivity detector with liquid organic scintillator and the results compared with the stainable amounts of diffuse cytoplasmatic (non-heme) storage iron in the bone marrow macrophages, serum iron concentrations and total iron-binding capacity, erythropoietic activity and other hematological parameters. Children with mild hypochromic, microcytic anemia due to heterozygous β-thalassemia absorbed normal amounts of 59Fe from the diagnostic dose of 59Fe2+ if their bone marrow macrophages contained normal or mildly increased amounts of diffuse cytoplasmatic storage iron. Depleted iron stores also caused increased absorption of diagnostic 59Fe in children with heterozygous β-thalassemia, so that prelatent iron deficiency can be diagnosed by measurement of increased iron absorption. The diagnostic 59Fe2+ absorption was increased to 70–100% in children with homozygous β-thalassemia when it was measured 64–300 days after the last blood transfusion. Since all these children contained normal to increased amounts of diffuse cytoplasmatic storage iron in the bone marrow macrophages, the high intestinal iron absorption was not caused, as is usual, by depleted iron stores but coincided with considerable hyperplasia of ineffective erythropoiesis demonstrated by the increased numbers of normoblasts in the bone marrow and peripheral blood during a period of severe anemia. Blood transfusions which elevate the hemoglobin levels from 4–5 g/100 ml to 8.5–9.9 g/100 ml and suppress the erythroblastic hyperplasia in the bone marrow also reduce the increased absorption of inorganic and food iron to normal values. Interruption of blood transfusions always results in the next erythroblastic hyperplasia and a simultaneous increase of intestinal iron absorption. Mild hyperplasia of the erythropoietic system such as is observed in megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin-B12 deficiency or in hereditary spherocytosis is not sufficient to increase iron absorption. Anemia per se does not increase iron absorption, as is borne out by the observation that patients with severe aregenerative anemia or megaloblastic anemia absorb 59Fe2+ according to their normal iron stores within the normal range. The messenger which signalizes depleted iron stores or erythropoietic hyperplasia to the duodenal and jejunal mucosa so that intestinal iron absorption is increased is not yet known. The food iron absorption from 59Fe-labeled pork and hog liver was increased to 2–4 times the normal average when measured in homozygous β-thalassemia with severe anemia and erythroblastic hyperplasia 28–42 days after the last blood transfusion. This increased food iron absorption was normalized by blood transfusion which suppressed the erythropoietic hyperplasia and raised the hemoglobin levels to 9.7–10.4 g/100 ml. The development of hemosiderosis either from blood transfusions or from increased food-iron absorption seems to be unavoidable in patients with homozygous β-thalassemia. Regular transfusion of 2–8 l blood per year is necessary to keep the hemoglobin at a level of at least 9 g/100 ml, which does not induce erythrocytopoietic hyperplasia and increased food-iron absorption. After 18 years on such a transfusion schedule, between 18 and 73 g iron have been incorporated into the body and produced transfusion hemosiderosis. Patients with homozygous β-thalassemia who survive without blood transfusions and have low hemoglobin levels (〈8 g/100 ml) absorb 3 times more iron from a mixed diet and after 18 years have accumulated about 19 g iron from increased food-iron absorption, which is also enough to produce hemosiderosis.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Hemoglobin iron absorption ; Iron supplementation ; Milk iron ; Iron stores ; Iron deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Small amounts of milk do inhibit ferrous iron absorption from a 5 mg 59Fe2+ dose in 1- to 18-month-old infants. Only 50 ml of 2/3 cow milk reduced the absorption from 18±3% (Xa ± S.E.) to 3.8 ± 1.2% in infants with normal iron stores (inhibition index 0.21) and from 26±3% to 8.5±1.4% in infants with depleted iron stores (inhibition index 0.33%). Milk does not inhibit the biovailability of hemoglobin iron. From a 5 mg dose of hemoglobin-59Fe added to 50 ml of 2/3 cow milk 4.8±1.0% were absorbed by infants with normal iron stores and 8.3±0.8% by infants with depleted iron stores. The low iron content of milk (50 μg Fe/100 ml) and its poor biovailability (∼5% in infants with normal iron stores) would require a daily consumption of 32 l of unfortified milk to cover infants daily iron requirement of 0.8 mg/day. The supplementation of 2–3 milk meals per day with 5 mg hemoglobin iron each meets the whole iron requirement of infants with depleted and normal iron stores respectively and can be used for iron prophylaxis in infancy during the first and second year. Prophylaxis with inorganic iron requires an empty stomach and duodenum for optimal bioavailability. A daily dose of only 5 mg ferrous sulfate iron is enough to cover the total iron requirement of infants.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Acute lymphatic leukaemia ; T cell antigen ; E-receptor ; C3-receptor ; Acute undifferentiated leukaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lymphoblasts from 100 patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia were investigated for the expression of receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E) and of a specific heterologous T cell antigen (T). In 17 cases, both T cell markers were expressed simultaneously on the leukaemic cells. In 13 cases only T antigens could be demonstrated on the lymphoblasts. A quantitative analysis of T antigens by immunoautoradiography revealed that the T expression of E−T+-lymphoblasts was in general like that of E+T+-lymphocytes in the blood of normal persons, in several cases even higher. Therefore, the failure of E-rosette formation cannot be correlated to a decrease of the other T cell differentiation marker. In 7 out of 9 tested cases, a strong acid phosphatase reaction product located paranuclearly could be demonstrated. Complement-receptors were expressed in 3 of 5 cases which were also demonstrated in some cases of the E+T+-ALL group. The latter group was characterized by a T antigen expression like that of thymocytes. 4 cases of the E−T+ALL group were adults. Since the leukaemia cells of 2 cases were negative for acid phosphatase, PAS and all surface markers including cALL antigen, the T antigen can classify undifferentiated and otherwise unclassificable leukaemias. The clinical significance of the E−T+-ALL seems to be important since 5 out of 9 children with this type of ALL died soon after diagnosis.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Acute leukemia ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Anti-T-cell-globulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anti-human-thymocyte globulin (AHTZG) was applied to prevent GvHD in clinical bone marrow transplantation. AHTZG produced by absorption with several cell preparations reacted specifically with T-lymphocyte populations and was no longer inhibitory to human CFUc and bone marrow growth in diffusion chambers. Marrow grafts of 14 patients with ALL were incubated in vitro with AHTZG and transferred to the recipients conditioned with antileukemic chemotherapy and total body irradiation of 1000 rad. Ten patients were transplanted after relaps, four patients during remission. The patients tolerated the marrow without side effects and a hemopoietic engraftment was seen in 12 cases. Three patients showed signs of GvHD on the skin, two of them showed later on also manifestations in the liver. In the other cases no GvHD could be detected. Five out of 14 patients are still alive between 144 and 964 days post transplantation in remission.
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