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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 18 (1985), S. 83-85 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Prostaglandin H synthase-2 — Anti-inflammatory agent — JTE-522 — Indomethacin — Gastric ulcer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: The antinociceptive, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects of JTE-522, a novel selective prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS)-2 inhibitor, were examined in rats.¶Materials: Sheep seminal vesicle PGHS-1 and placenta PGHS-2 were used for in vitro assay, while for in vivo experiments, male rats (4–8 weeks old) were used.¶Treatment: JTE-522 and reference compounds (0.01–100 μM) were subjected to enzyme assay. JTE-522 (0.3–30 mg/kg) and indomethacin (0.3–10 mg/kg) were administered orally.¶Results: JTE-522 inhibited PGHS-2 (IC50: 0.64 μM) without affecting PGHS-1 activity at 100 μM. In rats with yeast-induced hyperalgesia, JTE-522 showed a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect (ED50: 4.4 mg/kg). In rats with yeast-induced pyrexia, JTE-522 significantly reversed the pyrexic response (ED50: 3.9 mg/kg). Orally administered JTE-522 dose-dependently inhibited carrageenin-induced rat paw edema (ED30: 4.7 mg/kg). In rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis, JTE-522 showed a significant inhibitory effect at daily doses of 0.3–3 mg/kg. JTE-522 did not cause severe gastric lesions at oral doses up to 300 mg/kg.¶Conclusions: Our results indicate that the selective PGHS-2 inhibitor JTE-522 may represent a novel type of anti-inflammatory drug without adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract. JTE-522 may thus be a promising agent for treating both acute inflammatory diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; HLA-DR ; HLA-DQ ; polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary HLA DQβ chain, in particular amino acid at position 57, has been reported to contribute to susceptibility and resistance to Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Caucasians. Resistance has been proposed to be conferred by aspartic acid at this position. To ascertain the association of HLA DQβ and DRβ genes with Type 1 diabetes in Japanese subjects, ten Japanese Type 1 diabetic patients were investigated at DNA level. Genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and dot blot analysis was carried out using the amplified DNA with allele specific oligonucleotide probes. All patients had aspartic acid at position 57 of at least one of their two DQβ chains, and there was no significant difference of amino acids at the same position of DRβ chain in patients compared to control subjects. These data indicate that the protective role of aspartic acid at position 57 of DQβ chain is less significant in Japanese compared with Caucasian subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Cloning ; PPARγ ; insulin resistance ; thiazolidinediones ; cytokines ; TNF-α ; rat ; adipocyte ; glucose uptake.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Previous studies show that inflammatory cytokines play a part in the development of insulin resistance. Thiazolidinediones were developed as insulin-sensitizing drugs and are ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ (PPARγ). We hypothesized that the anti-diabetic mechanism of thiazolidinediones depends on the quantity of PPARγ in the insulin resistant state in which inflammatory cytokines play a part. Methods. We isolated rat PPARγ1 and γ2 cDNAs and examined effects of various cytokines and thiazolidinediones on PPARγ mRNA expression in rat mature adipocytes. Results. Various inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor decreased PPARγ mRNA expression. In addition, hydrogen peroxide, lysophosphatidylcholine or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also decreased the expression of PPARγ. The suppression of PPARγ mRNA expression caused by 10 nmol/l of TNF-α was reversed 60 % and 55 % by treatment with 10–4 mol/l of troglitazone and 10–4 mol/l of pioglitazone, respectively. The suppression of glucose transporter 4 mRNA expression caused by TNF-α was also reversed by thiazolidinediones. Associated with the change of PPARγ mRNA expression, troglitazone improved glucose uptake suppressed by TNF-α. Conclusion/interpretation. Our study suggests that inflammatory cytokines could be factors that regulate PPARγ expression for possible modulation of insulin resistance. In addition, we speculate that the regulation of PPARγ mRNA expression may contribute to the anti-diabetic mechanism of thiazolidinediones. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 702–710]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 39 (1999), S. 149-164 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Water cycle ; Groundwater flow ; Water quality ; Isotopic composition ; Evolution of groundwater quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The evolution of groundwater quality at a wet zone in Sri Lanka was made clear using field investigation, chemical and isotopic analyses methods. In the wet zone, the concentrations of major ions and electrical conductivity (EC) in the groundwater are low with small seasonal change. Except for sodium, silica and chloride, the EC and other major ion concentrations increase along the groundwater flow direction. The contributions of bicarbonate and calcium ions to the increase in EC are the largest among the major ions. The groundwater quality shows calcium-bicarbonate type, the initial stage of the Chebotarev series. There is a seasonal change in isotopic composition. The isotopically lighter groundwater was found at the valley bottom in the rainy season. Under the very heavy precipitation conditions, the slope of the regression line between δD and δ18O and deuterium excess for groundwater are close to 8 and 10, respectively. In other cases, the slopes of the regression lines and deuterium excess are, less than 8 and 10, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 22 (1997), S. 111 -113 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Retroperitoneum—Foregut cyst—MRI.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A foregut cyst is formed as a result of abnormal budding and pinching of the tracheobronchial tree when bronchial buds develop to form the primitive respiratory tree. Foregut cysts are clinically classified as bronchogenic, esophageal, enterogastric, or ciliated hepatic. We present a foregut cyst that occurred in the retroperitoneum and was difficult to distinguish from other retroperitoneal cystic mass lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging was useful in revealing the cyst's continuity to adjacent organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Malignant lymphoma ; Brain tumor ; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ; Burkitt's lymphoma ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Frozen sections of eight primary malignant lymphomas of the brain were examined by the immunohistochemical methods using a panel of monoclonal and heterologous antibodies to B lymphocyte (immunoglobulins, BA-1, Leu-12 and HLA-DR), T lymphocyte (OKT-11 and Leu-1) and monocyte (OKM-1) surface markers. Paraffin sections were also used in the examination of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. Surface and/or cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig) were observed in seven cases,four of which were shown to be distinctly monoclonal and the other three less so. The remaining 1 case showed no distinct staining for Ig. BA-1, Leu-12 and HLA-DR stainings were positive in four, four and five cases, respectively. The marker phenotypes of (BA-1, Leu-12, HLA-DR) were shown to be (+,+,+) in one lymphoma, (+,-,-) in three, (-,+,+,)in three, and (-,-,+) in one. Thus, it was demonstrated that the present lymphoma cases showed a marked immunological heterogeneity, and it was shown that all of them including the Ig-negative case revealed one or more of these three additional B cell markers, indicating B cell lineage of these cases. Examination of T cell and monocyte markers revealed positive staining in normal or reactive lymphoid cells distributed around blood vessels or sporadically in tumor tissues, but not in lymphoma cells. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated nuclear antigen was not demonstrated in the seven cases examined, making it unlikely that these lymphomas were related with EBV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glutathione S-transferase placental type ; T9 glioma cells ; Dibutyryladenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate ; Allylisothiocyanate ; Benzylisothiocyanate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of dibutyryladenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cAMP) on the expression of glutathione S-transferase placental type (GST-P) was examined in rat glioma cell line using an immunohistochemical technique. Cultured T9 glioma cells were negative for GST-P activity under normal conditions. However, treatment with 1 mM dibutyryl cAMP produced GST-P expression in about 50% of the cells, as well as some morphological changes. The expression of GST-P was increased with addition of dibutyryl cAMP together with 1 μg/ml allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) or 0.1 μg/ml benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC). With these combinated treatments, almost all cultured cells showed a strong positive reaction for GST-P, although AITC or BITC alone elicited GST-P in only 5% of the cultured cells. The results of the present study indicate that dibutyryl cAMP causes functional as well as morphological differentiation of T9 glioma cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 101 (1989), S. 265-271 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the phosphorus components of the particulate matter in seawater were studied in the eutrophicated waters of Mikawa Bay, Japan, during summer 1981. The contents of particulate phosphorus and hot-water extractable intracellular phosphorus displayed remarkable changes associated with phytoplankton blooms caused by wind-induced or upwelling-associated nutrient enrichment from the bottom water layers. Nanoplankton 〈10 μm accounted for much of the particulate phosphorus (70 to 79% in June and July, and 44 to 78% in August and September); the contribution of large-sized phytoplankton 〉25 μm varied from 9 to 49%, the peak values being attained under red-tide conditions. The capacity for phosphorus storage in cells was low in nanoplankton cells, high in large phytoplankton species. Differences in rates of phosphorus storage and growth between nanoplankton and large phytoplankton accounted for fluctuations in particulate phosphorus which were closely associated with fluctuations in phytoplankton blooms in Mikaw Bay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1986), S. 130-135 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Mastocytoma ; Diffuse dermal mast cell infiltration ; Mice ; Tar ; Tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cutaneous mastocytomas were observed in female CD-1 mice following long-term application of three types of cigarette smoke condensate suspensions (“tars”) from different cigarettes or of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate (TPA) or tars. These mastocytomas were always accompanied by diffuse dermal mast cell infiltration (DDMI). These results indicate that mastocytomas were induced by agents present in the cigarette smoke condensate or DMBA plus TPA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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