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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ALTERATIONS OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-RELATED ENZYMES AND ATPase DURING UNILATERAL ISCHEMIA AND RECIRCULATION IN GERBIL CEREBRAL CORTEX (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 27 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Several enzyme activities were determined in gerbil cerebral cortex during unilateral ischemia or in the post-ischemic period following 1 h of ischemia. Adenylate cyclase and Na + -K + -activated ATPase showed essentially the same pattern. Neither enzyme changed during ischemia but the activities decreased on recirculation to 40–60% of right side control by 5 h. The ATPase had returned to control level by 20h; the adenylate cyclase by 7 days of recirculation. Particulate cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in the ischemic left hemisphere decreased throughout the 6h of ischemia. It remained depressed in the first 5 h of the post-ischemic period but returned to control by 20 h. The soluble protein kinase activity, the soluble cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase and the Mg2+ dependent ATPase did not change significantly during the ischemic or post-ischemic periods. The results suggest that ischemia and/or recirculation may affect cellular membranes and membrane-bound enzymes, in particular. Furthermore, the results imply that despite apparent metabolite recovery during the post-ischemic period, enzymatic changes are occurring that may be important for both the quality of recovery and the response to further ischemic insult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb01550.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POST-ISCHEMIC CHANGES IN CERTAIN METABOLITES FOLLOWING PROLONGED ISCHEMIA IN THE GERBIL CEREBRAL CORTEX (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 26 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: -Eight metabolites were measured in the post-ischemic period following either 1 or 3 h of unilateral ischemia in the gerbil cerebral cortex. The levels of ATP, P-creatine, glucose, glycogen and GABA were essentially restored by 1 h after ischemia. In the 3 h ischemic animals. glycogen continued to increase to greater than control values aftcr 5 and 20 h of recirculation. The Icvels of glutamate were unchanged during the ischemic episode, but decreased to 60% of control at Smin and 1 h after either period of ischemia. The concentrations of cyclic AMP, which were 4-to 5-fold elevated during ischemia. increased an additional 6-fold 5 min after recirculation in both groups. Arter 1 h of recovery. the levels were not different from control values. After the 1 h ischemic period, lactate levels recovered between 5 and 20 h of recirculation. In the 3 h ischemic animals. lactate concentrations were still elevated even after 20 h of recirculation. These data suggest that with the exception of lactate. recovery of metabolites is not sevcrely compromiscd by either 1 or 3 h of ischemia. Furthermore, the changes in glycogen. glutamate and cyclic AMP after recirculation suggest that the recovery process is not just a rcversal of the changes observed during ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb06992.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of sodium pentobarbital on some mitochondrial enzymes (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 30 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1978.tb10508.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the relationship between myosin and tropomyosin A
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 28 (1958), S. 656-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3002(58)90542-0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ischemic and postischemic effect on the uptake of neutral amino acids in isolated cerebral capillaries (1979)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 625-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The uptake of some neutral amino acids was investigated in cerebral microvessels isolated from brains of gerbils subjected to bilateral cerebral ischemia with and without various periods of recovery. A transiently increased capillary uptake of3H-isoleucine,14C-cycloleucine and3H-phenylalanine was found in both conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960360
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microvascular disturbances and edema formation after repetitive ischemia of gerbil brain (1988)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 75 (1988), S. 288-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Brain edema ; Cerebral microcirculation ; Hypoperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three transient episodes of 5 min ischemia spaced at 1-h intervals were produced in Mongolian gerbils by bilateral carotid artery occlusion with an implanted vascular occlusion device. The interval of 1 h was chosen to allow for the development of postischemic hypoperfusion between the ischemic episodes. Three minutes and 1 h after each ischemic episode, and 6 and 24 h after the third occlusion, Evan's blue (EB) was injected intravenously to trace circulating blood, and the number of perfused capillaries was determined in various brain regions by fluorescence microscopy. Brain edema was evaluated by measuring specific gravity in tissue samples taken from adjacent areas. Repetitive ischemia caused progressively increasing brain edema and a progressive reduction of the number of perfused capillaries. Immediately after each ischemic episode, transient recruitment of capillaries occurred, thus excluding noreflow as a main pathogenetic factor of microcirculatory disturbances. The pattern of microcirculation 6 and 24 h after the last occlusion revealed a redistribution of circulating blood, characterized by a reduction in the number of EB-filled capillaries associated with a noticeable dilatation of the larger vascular channels. Our studies suggest a close interrelationship between post-ischemic microcirculatory hypoperfusion and the development of brain edema, the degree and extent of which progresses with the repetition of ischemic episodes when they are carried out during the periods of hypoperfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690537
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Blood-brain barrier ; Mongolian gerbils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The behaviour of the BBB in cerebral ischemia was studied in symptompositive Mongolian gerbils subjected to left common carotid artery occlusion using Evans Blue dye as indicator of BBB injury. The BBB damage was demonstrable grossly by the presence of areas of blue discoloration, and microscopically by the presence of a bright red fluorescent tracer, localized mostly in the neurons. The survey of various groups of animals revealed a direct relationship between the incidence and time of appearance of the BBB lesions and the duration of the ischemic occlusion. This relationship can be interpreted as another example of the previously described “maturation” phenomenon. A relatively late occurrence of the BBB injury in cerebral ischemia, at the time when the affected brain tissue shows severe, edematous histopathologic changes indicates that the brain edema, as the main complication of ischemia, could be regarded as being primarily of the cytotoxic type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684938
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical investigation of the mongolian Gerbil's brain during unilateral ischemia (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 46 (1979), S. 123-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Mitochondria ; Lysosomes ; Golgi apparatus ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ischemic effect on cerebral enzymes and glycogen content was histochemically evaluated in mongolian, gerbils subjected to unilateral common carotid artery occlusion for various periods of time from 1/2 to 9h. In early stages (up to 2h), the only enzyme affected was the phosphorylase which revealed a decreased activity. Thereafter, the observed changes inclusive of glycogen and other enzymes such as the dehydrogenase, nonspecific acid and alkaline phosphatases, leucine aminopeptidase and thiamine pyrophosphatase progressed proportionally to the duration of ischemia. There was an overall inverse appearance of histochemically demonstrated enzymatic disturbances between the severely damaged ischemic regions and its marginal zones; the former revealing a conspicuous decrease and/or loss of enzymatic activities while the latter showing an increase of the same enzymes. Correlating the various ischemic responses of the intracellular organelles it appears that the changes in the lysosomes and Golgi apparatus occurred slower than those of mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684813
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the dye-protein tracers in pathophysiology of the blood-brain barrier (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Dye-protein tracers ; Pathophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Sodium fluorescein and Evans Blue, commonly used tracers in the study of blood-brain barrier disturbances, revealed considerable differences in their respective protein binding capacity in the plasma, passage through the barrier and in the rate of their elimination from the brain parenchyma. 2. In the plasma a considerable portion of the sodium fluorescein remains free and behaves like a micromolecular barrier tracer. On the other hand, almost complete binding of the Evans Blue to albumin confers to it properties of a protein tracer. 3. Following the extravasation of the tracers, the sodium fluorescein is relatively soon eliminated, whereas Evans Blue remains in the cellular elements of the brain parenchyma for a considerable time, although the protein moiety of the tracer is removed much sooner from the cytoplasm of glial cells, presumably by the lysosomal digestion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691332
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils (1976)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 36 (1976), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Biogenic amines ; Mongolian gerbils
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Behaviour of biogenic amines was studied in the brains of Mongolian gerbils subjected to unilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery. Assays on the hemispheres ipsilateral to occlusion revealed in symptom-positive animals a progressive decrease in norepinephrine and dopamine, and an increase in serotonin throughout the duration of an ischemic insult. In post-ischemic periods following the release of the clip, changes in biogenic amine levels generally conformed to the principles of a previously described “maturation” phenomenon, with delayed reactions occurring after the shorter ischemic insults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685142
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