Bibliothek

X
feed icon rss

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (2.632)
  • Digitale Medien  (2.632)
  • 2020-2023
  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (2.632)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1989  (2.632)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (1.888)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (665)
  • Children
  • breast cancer
Datenquelle
  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (2.632)
Materialart
  • Digitale Medien  (2.632)
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2020-2023
  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989  (2.632)
  • 1935-1939
Jahr
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The acceptable delay between biopsy and radical mastectomy in breast cancer patients (1989)
    Springer
    Surgery today 19 (1989), S. 679-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Schlagwort(e): biopsy ; breast cancer ; radical mastectomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects on the prognosis of breast cancer, of the delay between biopsy and radical mastectomy were studied in 394 patients. No delay had been experienced by 148 cases (no delay group), no biopsy had been performed in 166 cases (no biopsy group) and 80 cases had experienced a delay of 1 day or longer after having had a biopsy taken at a different institution (delay group). The recurrence rate of the no delay group was 10.8 per cent (16/148), whereas that of the delay group was 18.8 per cent (15/80). The relapse free survival rate of the no delay group was superior to that of the delay group (Kaplan Meier’s method: p〈0.05). The delay group was further divided into two groups according to the duration of delay, namely: a group whose delay was less than 7 days and another whose delay was longer than 8 days. There was no significant difference between the relapse free survival rates of the no delay group and the less than 7 days group, however, a significant difference was observed between the no delay group and the longer than 8 days delay group (p〈0.05). The acceptable delay between biopsy and radical mastectomy may therefore be concluded as less than 7 days.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471718
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Breast cancer arisingde novo in recipients of kidney allograft (1989)
    Springer
    Surgery today 19 (1989), S. 370-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Schlagwort(e): kidney transplantation ; breast cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Immunosuppressive therapy is not only an etiologic factor ofde novo malignant disease but it also accelerates progression of the already developed malignant disease in immunosuppressed recipients. Two cases ofde novo breast cancer arising in kidney transplant recipients are reported herein. A 25 year-old woman, transplanted one haploidentical kidney transplant 4 years and 9 months ago, developed a left breast tumor. Within one month the tumor had rapidly enlarged from 3.5 cm to 8 cm in diameter by the time she underwent a radical mastectomy. Nine axillary lymph nodes were positive for metastasis. Although her graft function had been poor due to chronic rejection, she was treated with standard immunosuppressive therapy, but not adjuvant therapy. Since local recurrent disease appeared two months postoperatively, the immunosuppressive therapy was ceased and60Co therapy started. Recurrent disease progressed rapidly, however, and she died 7 months after her operation. A 27 year-old woman, having allograft from an identical sibling, noted a right breast tumor, 8 years and 7 months later. Again the tumor had grown rapidly from 1.8 cm to 3 cm in diameter within one month. She underwent a standard radical mastectomy. One axillary lymph nodes was positive for metastasis. She has been treated with standard immunosuppressive therapy and adjuvant endocrinochemotherapy. Presently, she is alive with a well functioning graft and no disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471416
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new method of modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Surgery today 19 (1989), S. 684-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; modified radical mastectomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We have developed a new type of modified radical mastectomy, the method and clinical results of which are reported herein. In this operation, axillary dissection is performed by the following two approaches. Firstly, the axillary contents are dissected from the highest possible subclavicular point to the pectoralis minor muscle, after partially cutting the sternocostal origin of the pectoralis major muscle. The second approach is from the posterior aspect of the pectoralis minor muscle to the lateral portion of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Parasternal dissection can also be performed for stage II and IIIa cancers with a central or medial tumor. After lymph node dissection, the detached edge of the sternocostal origin of the pectoralis major muscle is resutured to cover the parasternal region. Thus, complete dissection of the axillary nodes is performed whilst preserving the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. Good clinical results were achieved with respect to radicality, cosmetic effects and function in 28 patients with stage I, II and IIIa breast cancers who were followed up for between 5 to 8 years. This new operation may therefore be adopted for the majority of patients with Stage I, II, or IIIa cancers, unless massive infiltration into the pectoralis major muscle has occurred. Preservation of both the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles results in a good cosmetic appearance, good functioning of the arm and easy reconstruction of the breast following mastectomy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471719
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The discrepancy between immunocytochemical and biochemical assay of estrogen receptor in breast cancer patients treated by endocrine therapy (1989)
    Springer
    Surgery today 19 (1989), S. 768-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Schlagwort(e): estrogen receptor ; breast cancer ; endocrine therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Estrogen receptor (ER) expression was investigated by ER-immunocytochemical assay (ICA) and the dextran coated charcoal (DCC) method in 10 recurrent or primary-advanced breast cancer patients treated with endocrine or chmmo-endocrine therapy. In 6 of these 10 patients, ER was examined both before and after treatments by the 2 methods. ER contents measured by the DCC method were found to be decreased after treatments, however, no change in the immunoreactivities of ER-ICA was observed. In the remaining 4 patients, the ER of new lesions refractory to endocrine or chemo-endocrine therapy was examined. ER status was determined as negative in 3 of the 4 patients by the DCC method, whereas by ER-ICA, the proportion of ER stained cells was about 70 per cent, those cells being diffusely distributed in the section. A discrepancy between ER-ICA and the DCC method was thus demonstrated in breast cancer patients treated by endocrine therapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471732
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plasma concentrations of free and sulfoconjugated dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in healthy infants and children (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 672-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Plasma catecholamines ; Dopamine ; Norepinephrine ; Epinephrine ; Sulfoconjugation ; Infants ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Plasma concentrations of free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines were measured in healthy infants and children under resting conditions. Free norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were up to three times higher in healthy children under 2 years than in adults, even under true resting conditions. In contrast, free dopamine concentrations of all age groups fell within the normal range for adults. The levels of sulfoconjugation were in the adult range.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01718028
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Solid and cystic tumor of the pancreas in a child (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 4 (1989), S. 303-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Schlagwort(e): Solid and cystic pancreatic tumor ; Children ; Surgical treatment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A solid and cystic tumor of the pancreas in a 10-year-old girl was removed completely by pancreatectomy. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examinations disclosed acinar cell origin. Thirteen collected cases of these tumors in children whose diagnoses were confirmed by histochemistry and electron microscopy were reviewed. More conservative surgery may be recommended because of their benign nature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00183393
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Urethral prolapse in 14 young female patients (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 4 (1989), S. 118-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Schlagwort(e): Urethra ; Prolapse ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fourteen cases of urethral prolapse were observed between April 1967 and January 1987. The authors analyze the pediatric aspects of the physiopathology, the clinical problems, and the treatment of this rare affection observed with predilection in black girls. Vulvar hemorrhage (80%) and dysuria (20%) are the principal symptoms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00181849
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bronchoadenoma in childhood (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 4 (1989), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Schlagwort(e): Bronchoadenoma ; Children ; Malignancy ; Therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Bronchoadenoma is rare in children, but it is the most common primary lung tumor. Reviewing the literature, we found 88 descriptions of bronchoadenoma in childhood and we observed two further patients of our own. The histologic distribution differs between children and adults: in childhood 66% of bronchoadenomas are carcinoids, 6% cylindromas and 28% mucoepidermoid tumors. In 8.8% of all cases metastases were observed. Overall mortality was 8%; 3 patients (3.3%) died due to malignancy of the adenoma. All 3 showed evidence of increased serotonin activity. For therapy, we suggest primary endoscopy and biopsy for histologic evaluation. Endoscopic resection of pedunculated and solely endobronchial adenomas may be performed. If the endoscopic or radiologic examination (CT scan, magnetic resonance) gives an indication of transmural expansion of the tumor, sleeve resection of the bronchus or lobectomy is indicated. Hormonally active tumors should be treated by lobectomy and lymph node biopsy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169694
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cancer cell emboli in the pectoral lymphatics of patients with breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Surgery today 19 (1989), S. 392-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Schlagwort(e): cancer cell emboli ; pectoral lymphatics ; breast cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In order to investigate the possibility of local recurrence in the pectoral muscles of patients who undergo modified radical mastectomies, the cancer cell involvement of the lymphatics associated with the pectoralis major muscle was studied in 39 patients who underwent a standard radical mastectomy for Stage I–III breast cancer. Cancer cell emboli were found in the transpectoral lymphatics of 2 patients (2/39=5.1 per cent) and in the pectoral fascial lymphatics of 6 patients (6/39=15.4 per cent). Two patients with fascial lymphatic cancer cell emboli were from a group of 14 patients with intramammary lymphatic tumor emboli of a low degree (ly 1). The other 6 patients with cancer cell emboli in either the pectoral fascia or the transpectoral lymphatics were from a group of 11 patients with intramammary lymphatic tumor emboli of a moderate degree (ly 2). There was a significant relationship between the intramammary and the pectoral lymphatic cancer cell emboli (Chi square test: p〈0.05). The results of this study therefore indicate that lymphatic cancer cell emboli in the pectoral fascia and muscle are an important risk factor for patients who undergo a modified radical mastectomy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471618
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The significance of regional lymph node dissection in the surgical management of breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Surgery today 19 (1989), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; regional lymph node dissection ; modified extended mastectomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The results of an analysis done on the regional lymph node metastases of 300 patients with operable breast cancer, who were treated in the Department of Surgery (II), Kanazawa University Hospital from 1973 to early 1988 are reported herein. It was found that the metastases of the axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes were closely related to the survival of patients, but they were hardly diagnosed before the operation. Only the dissection of these lymph nodes proved useful for providing the prognostic information. Moreover, in a retrospective study comparing theen bloc extended radical mastectomyversus the other types of mastectomy, the extended radical mastectomy was seen to greatly improve the survival of patients with 3 or less than 3 metastatic axillary lymph nodes. Thus, the extended radical mastectomy provides the maximum diagnostic and prognostic information, and gives the best chance of loco-regional control of the disease. The anterior chest deformity created by the extended radical mastectomy, however, should be avoided in those patients without internal mammary involvement. We therefore propose the modified extended mastectomy as a staging operation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471562
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Successful esophagectomy for metastatic carcinoma of the esophagus from breast cancer —A case report— (1989)
    Springer
    Surgery today 19 (1989), S. 82-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Schlagwort(e): metastatic carcinoma of the esophagus ; breast cancer ; surgical resection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A case of progressive dysphagia due to metastatic carcinoma of the esophagus from breast cancer is described herein. The patient was a 55 year-old Japanese woman who had undergone a right radical mastectomy for carcinoma of the right breast 9 years previously. We performed a subtotal esophagectomy and reconstruction, using the stomach. She is now well and working without any further symptoms, five years after surgery. Thus, palliative surgery for the complications caused by metastatic carcinoma of the esophagus may be worthwhile.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471573
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The clinical value of serum CA15-3 assay postoperatively in breast cancer patients (1989)
    Springer
    Surgery today 19 (1989), S. 278-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2813
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; tumor marker ; CA15-3 ; CEA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Serum carbohydrate antigen (CA15-3) values were examined in 300 normal subjects in order to determine the standard value of this antigen. The clinical relevance of repeatedly assaying this marker in patients with or without recurrent breast cancer postoperatively was compared with assaying the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) values. The upper limit of CA15-3 was calculated as being 25.3 U/ml in the normal subjects and the distributions of CA15-3 values were not markedly different among the normal subjects, even if they had been selected according to sex or age. Moreover, no differences were observed among normal women who had been randomly selected according to the age distribution of the breast cancer patients. Thirty samples taken from the breast cancer patients postoperatively revealed values of higher than 25 U/ml and 73 samples showed lower levels. The serum CEA values were positive in 16 samples and negative in 85 samples. Although the accuracy of the CEA assay was about 10 per cent higher than that of the CA15-3 assay, its low positive rate was unsatisfactory for effective use in the breast clinic. The results of this study suggest that serum CA15-3 is not detectable unless there is a relatively large number of tumor cells. The higher false positive rate of the CA15-3 assay should therefore be considered as suggesting recurrence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02471402
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increased incidence of hepatitis B markers in children with sickle-cell anemia (1989)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 58 (1989), S. 147-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Schlagwort(e): Hepatitis B virus ; Children ; Sicklecell anemia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Screening of 143 children 6 months to 12 years of age with sickle-cell anemia showed that 39.2% were HBsAg-positive as compared with 19.3% of the 161 control children of the same age group, who had Hb genotype AA (χ2=14.7383; P〈0.001). Fifty percent of the HbSS children under the age of 1 year were HBsAg-positive as opposed to 4.3% of the control group (χ2=9.1955; P〈0.001), while 28.6% of patients were HBsAg-positive at the age of 4 years compared with only 7.4% of the controls at the same age. The incidence of anti-HBc in both groups was similar. Markers of HBV infection (HBsAg + anti-HBc) were, however, on the whole higher in the patients with sickle-cell anemia [88/118 (74.6%)] than in the controls [54/88 (61.3%; P〈0.005)].
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320435
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Post-traumatic intradiploic pseudomeningocele in children (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 100 (1989), S. 120-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Children ; intradiploic meningocele ; surgery ; results
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Eight children with post-traumatic pseudomeningocele are reported. In this paper the mean age at the time of injury was one year and ten months. All of them gave a history of a fall from a height. In six patients the meningocele was located in the parietooccipital region. The frontal bone was involved in one and the roof of the orbit in another. All these patients had localized progressive swelling of the skull associated with a bony defect. Four patients had a history of convulsion and three had hemiparesis. The meningocele was excised, the dural defect repaired and a cranioplasty was performed in all. Good recovery was observed in all of them.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403598
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Supratentorial astrocytic tumours of childhood: A clinicopathologic study of 41 cases (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 101 (1989), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Schlagwort(e): Children ; supratentorial astrocytoma ; treatment ; prognosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Forty-one patients with ages from 0 to 16 years harbouring Supratentorial astrocytic tumours were treated between 1964 and 1986. Twenty-four of them were located in the cerebral hemisphere or in the ventricle, and 17 were in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and/ or optico-hypothalamic region. There were nine glioblastomas multiforme, four anaplastic astrocytomas, 11 fibrillary astrocytomas, 12 pilocytic astrocytomas, two pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, two subependymal giant cell astrocytomas and one primitive astrocytic tumour. Low grade tumours tended to occur in young subjects near the midline, and high grade ones in older patients in the hemisphere. Initial treatment in most the patients was a resection or biopsy followed by radiation therapy. Eleven patients were retreated for their recurrent tumours with combinations of surgical removal of the tumour, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. After a follow-up of 3 months to 17 years, 51% of the patients survived with a median survival of 7 years. Outcome of the patients with Supratentorial astrocytomas correlated mostly with the histological grade of malignancy of the tumour, and to a lesser degree with the tumour location. The biological behaviour and treatment of supratentorial astrocytomas in childhood are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410061
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A model: systems management of life threatening injuries in children for the state of Maryland, USA (1989)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 15 (1989), S. S53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Schlagwort(e): Children ; Trauma ; Center ; Transport
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the past two years several guidelines for suggested components of emergency medical systems for children have been suggested, and for the first time, specific standards of pediatric trauma care have also been formulated. The American Academy of Pediatrics new Provisional Committee on Emergency Medicine has been charged with the responsibility of developing national standards of emergency care for children and are currently at work on such a landmark document. We have had a functioning statewide system for the management of life threatening injuries in children for the past 10 years. In 1985, 320 children were admitted to our trauma center. The evolution, organization, and current status of the Maryland system is described in this report. Hopefully it may serve as one successful model which could be modified for use in other regions of the country.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260888
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pulmonary problems following multiple trauma in children (1989)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 15 (1989), S. S50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Schlagwort(e): Polytrauma ; Children ; Acute respiratory failure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Acute respiratory failure (ARF=hypoxemia and/or hypercapnia) is a frequent finding in the polytraumatized patient. Multiple injury is often accompanied by injury of the central nervous system, and the presence or absence of ARF may play a key role for survival and late morbidity. This paper reviews the incidence of pulmonary problems after severe head injury and the possible dysfunctions of the respiratory apparatus following single or multiple trauma. Diagnostic work-up in ARF includes consideration of the mechanisms of injury, clinical examination, determinations of arterial blood gases and chest radiographs which are all essential for the choice of an effective treatment. This frequently includes supportive treatment by continuous positive pressure ventilation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260887
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Harvesting organs for paediatric transplantation: medical features (1989)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 15 (1989), S. S64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Schlagwort(e): Brain death ; Children ; Organ donor ; Transplantation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The progress in organ transplantation has led to a rise in the demand for organs. Paediatric intensive care units are the main source for obtaining organs. Every “brain dead” patient should be regarded as a potential donor. General contraindications to organ donation are: systemic viral or bacterial infections and extra-cerebral malignancy. They are also organ-specific contraindications. The criteria for the diagnosis of “brain death” have been widely studied and defined. Care of brain dead donors consists of maintenance of cardiac, pulmonary and renal function. Monitoring requires control of central venous and arterial blood pressure, core temperature, urine flow, heart rate and biological data on both urine and blood. A 5% dextrose infusion is maintaind with added potassium and sodium chloride according to the urine flow, detectable water loss, and blood and urine composition. Hypotension due to hypovolaemia requires immediate treatment with blood, colloid or albumin infusion. Persistent hypotension with cardiac pump failure is treated with inotropic agents: dopamine and/or dobutamine. Raised urine flow due to diabetes insipidus requires desmopressin (dDAVP). Progress in organ collection requires the consent of the parents and highly motivated medical teams.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260891
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Organ transplantation in children (1989)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 15 (1989), S. S76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Schlagwort(e): Organ transplantation ; Kidney transplantation ; Heart transplantation ; Heart and lung transplantation ; Liver transplantation ; Small intestine transplantation ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Organ transplantations have opened a new field in medicine and particularly in pediatrics. The kidney was the first organ to be regularly transplanted and there are now more than 2000 children who have received a kidney graft. Cadaver kidneys or living-related donor (LRD) kidneys can be used since an adult kidney may be grafted in a young child. Cadaver graft survival exceeds 85% at 1 year in recent single centre reports and patient survival is above 95%, the results being even better with LRD. Some complications may be observed in the long term, such as bone osteonecrosis, hypertension or infections. Rehabilitation is generally remarkable and growth which remained abnormal in 1/3 of cases under conventional treatment seems to improve markedly with cyclosporin. In the future, the development of kidney transplantation could lead hopefully to a drastic decrease in the number of children on dialysis. Liver transplantation is now performed in children with biliary atresia and metabolic diseases. There is no age limit for grafting a liver, the only problem being to find a pediatric cadaver donor of similar size. It is also possible to use an adult liver after hepatectomy. There were 170 liver grafts recorded in children in Europe in December 1986, and the long-term survival thanks to cyclosporin is exceeding 80% in some units. Thanks to cyclosporin, programs of cardiac transplantation for children are rapidly developing. The main indications are gross-congenital cardiac malformations or severe functional abnormality not compatible with life. Newborns have been grafted with success. The only problem is also to find a suitable pediatric donor. At the end of 1984, there were 88 cadaver transplantations reported in children, and this number is growing rapidly. Survival is estimated above 70% at 1 year. Indications for heart and lung transplantation are more numerous than for the heart alone, including severe cardiac malformations with abnormality of pulmonary circulation and a number of pulmonary diseases. A close similarity in the size of donor and recipient is mandatory. The immediate results are generally good, but the final outcome remains under evaluation. First investigated in animals, small intestine transplantation has been added recently to the list of possible organ transplantations in children. Indications are extensive intestinal resections, or malformations. The initial results are encouraging, but the long-term outcome remains under evaluation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260895
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The immune status of uraemic children/adolescents with chronic renal failure and renal replacement therapy (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 3 (1989), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): Uraemia ; Children ; Immune competence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In adults with chronic renal failure (CRF) and/or renal replacement therapy (RRT) various immunological abnormalities have been described, but few data are available for the paediatric age group. We performed basic in vitro immunological studies in 26 patients 10 months–19 years of age with advanced renal failure, 11 with CRF (creatinine clearance 16.8±5.2 ml/min per 1.73 m2), 15 on RRT with haemodialysis (HD;n=9) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD;n=6) as well as in 16 healthy controls. None had clinical evidence of deranged immune function. No significant differences were found in the percentages of B- and T-cells, T-cell subsets CD3, CD4, CD8 and mitogenic responses to phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A (Con A) between RRT patients (HD=CAPD) and control children. Most parameters in CRF patients were also normal, although they had a low percentage of B-cells (12.1±4.1; RRT: 19.7±6.5; controls: 18.5±7.1;P〈0.01), relatively low levels of serum immunoglobulin G (948.4±209.4 mg/dl; HD: 1374.7±235.2 mg/dl;P〈0.01; CAPD: 966.3±430.2 mg/dl, NS) and a high normal response to Con A (34.3±13.6 cpm ×10−3; RRT: 34.5±11.3 cpm ×10−3; controls: 23.4±9.9 cpm ×10−3,P〈0.01). All these values were, however, well within the normal accepted range. These data indicate that children/adolescents with CRF and/or RRT have no significant basic in vitro immunological defects. This study did not test the functional immune status of the young uraemic patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00858537
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Complex congenital cardiovascular anomalies evaluated by continuous-rotation computed tomography in children (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 10 (1989), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Schlagwort(e): Image display and recording ; Computed tomography ; Children ; Congenital heart disease
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The slip ring and nutate/rotate configuration of the new, fourth-generation, computed tomography (CT) (TCT-900S, Toshiba Medical Company) makes it possible to scan consecutively 25 slices every 75 s. This scanner also rapidly provides hemodynamic and multiplanar reconstruction images. Studies were performed on 13 children with various forms of complex congenital cardiovascular anomalies. The findings correlated very well with those by angiocardiography and echocardiography. But the cardiac valves were difficult to scan, and combined use with echocardiography was considered to be indispensable. The rapid multiplanar reconstruction imaging is very effective in depicting coarctation of the aortic isthmus, ductus arteriosus, and hypoplasia of the great arteries in newborns and infants who have small target regions. Cine-displays of such images can clearly show ventricular and atrial septal defects. This new CT system proved effective in diagnosing complex congenital cardiovascular anomalies even in young infants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309917
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitroprusside in children after cardiopulmonary bypass: A study of thiocyanate toxicity (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 10 (1989), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Schlagwort(e): Nitroprusside ; Toxicity ; Children ; Postcardiopulmonary bypass
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Thiocyanate levels, an indicator of nitroprusside toxicity, were studied in 22 children after repair of structural heart disease during cardiopulmonary bypass. At the total dose (2.6±2.3 mg/kg) and time (34.4±19 h) ranges of this study, no evidence of toxicity was detected, despite this total dose exceeding recommended maximum in some patients. Nitroprusside infusion, as described, in children with normal hepatic and renal function is safe and may not warrant routine assessment of thiocyanate levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02081673
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Renal function in Sudanese school children withSchistosoma mansoni infection (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 3 (1989), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): Schistosoma mansoni infection ; Renal function ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Renal function was investigated in 218 school children withSchistosoma mansoni infection in the Province of Gezira in central Sudan and in 65 Sudanese and 65 German age-matched controls. Serum creatinine was normal in all children. A pathological urinary protein-creatinine ratio was found in 3% ofS. mansoni-infected children and in 5% of Sudanese controls but in none of the European children. Characterization of pathological proteinuria using albumin nephelometry, alpha-1 microglobulin immunodiffusion and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in these children showed glomerular, tubular or mixed glomerulotubular patterns. One, 4 and 6 months following treatment of schistosomiasis with praziquantel, stools were re-examined; 57% of patients were cured, 16% were found to be reinfected and 27% had persistent egg excretion. Six months after therapy, pathological urinary protein-creatinine ratios were encountered in 3% ofS. mansoni patients and in none of the 34 reinvestigated controls. Proteinuria was similar in patients with persistentS. mansoni egg excretion and in children cured of schistosomiasis infection. It is concluded that there was no evidence forS. mansoni associated glomerulonephritis in this group of Sudanese children. The high rate of pathological proteinuria inS. mansoni-infected and non-infected Sudanese children may be due to other causes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00858526
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth in young children with chronic renal failure (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 3 (1989), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): Growth ; Growth velocity ; Children ; Chronic renal failure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Statural growth and its relation to growth potential, renal function, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), mineral metabolism hormones and dietary intake were studied in 17 prepubertal children (aged 1.6–9.3 years) on conservative treatment for chronic renal failure due to tubulo-interstitial nephropathy. Statural growth (height SDS) was related to the degree of renal failure, was more retarded than ossification, and was independent of the chronological age of the patients. We observed that the lower the glomerular filtration rate (GRF), the lower was the growth potential (increased bone age/statural age ratio). Growth velocity may be normal regardless of statural and bone maturation delay and the degree of renal insufficiency. Impaired growth rate correlated with parathyroid hormone levels, caloric intake and increased blood urea nitrogen during the year of observation. These data show that comprehensive monitoring and suitable treatment must be performed in order to prevent growth retardation at any GFR level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00858536
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The treatment of lupus nephritis (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 3 (1989), S. 350-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): SLE ; Nephritis ; Children ; Treatment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The literature on the treatment of lupus nephritis is scattered, much of it in rheumatological rather than nephrological journals. Whatever our ignorance of the nature and genesis of lupus nephritis, under empirical treatment the prognosis, especially for severe forms, has improved dramatically during the past 20 years. For severe lupus nephritis, the evidence that the addition of cytotoxic agents to corticosteroids improves outcome is now secure, and discussion centres mainly on which drug to use and by what route. Intravenous methylprednisolone is at least as effective as high-dose tapering oral therapy for initial treatment, and carries fewer side-effects. The role of plasma exchange in lupus remains undefined: it may have a role in the treatment of cerebral manifestations or otherwise resistant patients, but controlled trials have failed to show benefit. Future developments will probably centre around the use of specific monoclonal antibodies which target specific groups and subgroups of cells, “humanised” by the splicing of human Fc piece to rodent (fab)2, perhaps bearing toxins. To use these agents to best advantage, however, we will have to understand better than we do today the nature of the cellular defects in the immune response which underlie the lupus syndrome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00858546
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variability of urine albumin excretion in normal and diabetic children (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 3 (1989), S. 414-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; Children ; Urine albumin excretion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The variability of urine albumin excretion (UAE) was studied in normal and diabetic children and, in addition, the best method of expressing the data was investigated. In 39 timed overnight urine samples from diabetic children, the urine albumin creatinine clearance ratio (CA/CC) was compared with the urine albumin creatinine concentration ratio (UA/UC), the urine albumin excretion rate (UAER) and the urine albumin concentration (UA). UA/UC predicted CA/CC (r=0.95) better than either UAER (r=0.83,P〈0.02) or UA (r=0.90), 0.1〉P〉0.05). The within-individual and the between-individual variability in overnight UA/UC in 171 urine samples from 73 normal children was compared with that of 406 urine samples from 119 diabetic children, using a “random effects type 2 nested analysis of variance” model. Geometric mean (range) UA/UC (mg/mmol) in diabetic children, 0.55 (0.04–6.90), was greater than in normal children, 0.33 (0.05–2.10,P〈0.01), and 18% of diabetics had a value of UA/UC above the normal range. Within-individual variance was the same in normals (0.12) and diabetics (0.12), but between-individual variance in diabetics (0.18) was much greater than in normals (0.03). These data show that within-individual observations for both normals and diabetics are highly but equally variable. Furthermore, from these data, it is possible to infer that a minimum of five estimations are necessary per individual to estimate the true mean value of urine albumin excretion with reasonable confidence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00850218
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Scintigraphic differentiation of congenital soft-tissue extremity enlargement with Tc-99m DTPA (1989)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 18 (1989), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Schlagwort(e): Extremities ; Radionuclide studies ; Children ; Skeletal system ; Radionuclide imaging in infants and children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Radionuclide imaging of benign soft-tissue tumors sometimes associated with extremity enlargement (7 patients) and/or osteodysplasia (6 patients) has demonstrated, in a total of 18 patients, several differentiating patterns of accumulation of Technetium-99m diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Tc-99m DTPA). Early imaging (within 15 min) as well as later imaging (one-half hour to 3 hours following the intravenous injection of the radiopharmaceutical) has shown that fatty tumors (lipomas, lipoblastomas, fibrofatty tissue) do not concentrate the isotope. Neurofibromas display gradual intensification of their radioactive content, while hemangiomas differ in their scintigraphic pattern depending on their histologic composition. Purely capillary hemangiomas have transient early intense activity while purely cavernous hemangiomas display no early activity but are well visualized on delayed scintigraphic images. Mixed hemangiomas display combined imaging characteristics of both capillary and cavernous types with the predominant pattern dependent upon the predominant histology. Aggressive fibromatosis exhibited an early fleeting display of intense radioactivity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366770
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas exchange during exercise in obese children (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1989), S. 614-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Obesity ; Children ; Exercise test
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Twenty-three obese children, aged 9 to 14 years, ranging in percentage overweight from 26% to 83% (median 51.6%±16.3%), and 37 normal-weight children, matched for sex, age and height, performed a maximal exercise test on a treadmill. Cardiorespiratory performance was assessed by determination of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) expressed in ml O2/min per kg and as a percent of maximal oxygen uptake (% VO2max). VAT and VO2max related to body weight were significantly lower (P〈0.01) in the obese than in the normal-weight children. VAT % VO2max was similar in the two groups. A significant correlation was found between VAT and VO2max both in the obese (r=0.85) and in the control groups (r=0.79). The habitual level of physical activity was lower in the obese subjects compared to the control subjects (P〈0.001). In conclusion our study shows that physical fitness of overweight children is quantitatively lowered and that it can be assessed by VAT. VAT does not require a maximal test and is particularly useful in the ergometric study of subjects with exercise intolerance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441512
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prolonged and secondary fever in childhood bacterial meningitis (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1989), S. 114-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Bacterial meningitis ; Fever ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In order to study the causes of prolonged and secondary fever in bacterial meningitis, a group of 102 infants and children with proven bacterial meningitis were studied. The causative agent wasHaemophilus influenzae in 58% of patients,Streptococcus pneumoniae in 25% andNeisseria meningitidis in 17%. Prolonged fever was observed in 12% of the patients. The established causes include, in order of frequency, subdural effusion, drug fever, otitis media, gastroenteritis and urinary tract infection. Secondary fever was noted in 18% of the patients. The causes, in order of frequency, were urinary tract infection, subdural effusion, otitis media, phlebitis, pneumonia and drug fever. Neither relapse of the meningitis nor inadequate response to antibiotic therapy was the cause for prolonged or secondary fever. Neurological sequalae were observed in 21 patients. There was no correlation between prolonged or secondary fever and neurological sequalae. We conclude that prolonged and secondary fever in patients with treated bacterial meningitis is rarely caused by the primary infection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01995859
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plasma concentrations of free amino acids during 3 weeks treatment of massively obese children with a very low calorie diet (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1989), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Very low calorie diet ; Children ; Plasma amino acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Eight grossly obese children (2 girls, 8 boys, age 12.6±2.1 mean±SD years, mean overweight 73.3±14%) were treated for 3 weeks with a very low calorie diet (VLCD), containing 1022 kJ/240 kcal, 33 g protein, 25.5g carbohydrate and 0.7g fat/day. Mean weight loss after 3 weeks was 9.47±2.8kg and mean nitrogen loss was calculated to be 113.3±71.2 g. While serum electrolytes, enzymes, glucose, urea and creatinine remained almost unchanged, distinct alterations of 23 free amino acids in plasma could be observed. A transient increase of plasma valine, leucine, isoleucine and alpha-aminobutyrate during the 1st week was followed by a constant fall in the 2nd and 3rd week. Glycine, proline, serine and threonine showed a progressive increase, while cystine, histidine and, above all, alanine decreased, the diminution of alanine being most rapid during the 1st week. No significant changes were observed in plasma concentrations of arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, citrulline, glutamic acid, glutamine, lysine, tyrosine, ornithine, phenylalanine and taurine. Total plasma amino acid content did not change during diet compared to the pre-diet period. The behavior of plasma amino acids shows a typical pattern within four groups, reflecting various interorgan substrate fluxes during hypocaloric dieting.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02024333
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transient stenoses and occlusions of main cerebral arteries in children —diagnosis and control of therapy by transcranial Doppler sonography (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1989), S. 406-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Transcranial Doppler sonography ; Children ; Subarachnoid haemorrhage ; Meningitis ; Hemiplegia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Flow disturbances in main cerebral arteries may cause severe neurological symptoms. Using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) the blood flow velocities in the basal cerebral arteries (BCA) can be recorded at any age. Transient stenoses or occlusions of main cerebral arteries were detected in 11 children by this method and confirmed by other techniques. Vasospasm produced a marked increase in flow velocities in the affected arteries which was reduced by nimodipine, the calcium channel blocker. Vasospasm also occurred in severe bacterial meningitis. In acute hemiplegia due to cerebral arterial obstruction no flow velocities could be recorded at the corresponding site. If distal branches were obstructed reduced flow velocities were found proximally. Increased flow velocities or reversed flow in anastomoses indicated the collateralization. The transient nature of the occlusions was shown by repcated recordings. TCD is a reliable, noninvasive and rapidly available technique for diagnosing or excluding transient flow disturbances in the main cerebral arteries as the cause of neurological symptoms in children. It indicates the necessity and most advantageous stage for therapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00595898
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinical and laboratory findings in children with adenovirus infections (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 148 (1989), S. 423-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Adenovirus ; Adenovirus infections ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The hospital records of 49 children with adenovirus infection were reviewed. Diagnosis was made by virus isolation from the airways in 73%, the stools in 44%, the conjunctiva in 2% and by serology in 14% of the patients. Most children were less than 3 years of age. The peak indidence of virus isolation occurred during the month of April. Pharyngotonsillitis was the most frequent main diagnosis (49%), followed by pneumonia (14%), gastroenteritis (10%) and bronchitis (8%). Fever was the most frequent main symptom (43%), and 96% of the patients had fever at some time during the illness. The average fever temperature was 39.6°C with a mean duration of 5.9 days. An obvious bacterial superinfection could be demonstrated in three patients: two had otitis media and one had pneumonia with pleural effusion. All three had more than 3 band forms per 100 peripheral white blood cells, whereas only 1 out of 46 children without demonstrable superinfection had an elevated band count. Other laboratory tests were not useful in detecting bacterial superinfection. That 71% of all children received antibiotics at some time during their illness, reflects the difficulty of excluding bacterial disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00595902
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinical outcome after head injury in children (1989)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 5 (1989), S. 156-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Head injury ; Coma ; Children ; Intracranial lesion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract For at least 1 year we have done a follow-up on 178 children under the age of 18 years with head injuries treated between 1981 and 1987. The Brussel Coma Scale and the Glasgow Outcome Score were used to determine neurological deficits and patient outcome. In children with coma, there was good recovery or moderate disability in 71.4%, severe disability in 6.1%, and death in 22.5%. When all head injuries were taken into consideration, a satisfactory outcome was found in 84.3%, severe disability in 3.3%, and death in 12.4%. The outcome mainly depended on the initial coma grade, but the duration of coma or advanced age were also negative factors for outcome. In 14.8%, intracranial mass lesions showed no significant correlation with outcome. In contrast to adults, diffuse brain swelling had a satisfactory outcome in 85.1%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272118
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Congenital dermoid cysts over the anterior fontanel (1989)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 5 (1989), S. 234-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Anterior fontanel ; Dermoid cysts ; Epidermoid cysts ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The authors report on 13 cases of dermoid cysts over the anterior fontanelle in Czechoslovak children. These children were 2–19 months of age; with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. The cyst sizes ranged from 10 to 30 mm. Hence, the number of cases published in the world so far in children has increased to 174. Simultaneously, the number of European cases has increased to 30 (17.2%). Nevertheless, the dominance of the reported cases is still 74 in America (42.5%) and 45 in Africa (25.9%).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271025
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bobble-head doll syndrome associated with the III ventricular cyst (1989)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 5 (1989), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Bobble-head doll syndrome ; Cyst of the III ventricle ; Children ; Cystoventriculoatrial/cystoventriculoperitoneal shunt ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Thirty-nine cases of the bobble-head doll syndrome have been operated upon and are described in the literature. The authors re-evaluate three cases of III ventricle cysts treated with cystoventriculoperitoneal (CVP) or cystoventriculoatrial (CVA) shunting 7 years ago. In the first case (a 4.5-year-old girl), the CVP shunt was removed after 16 months due to suppuration around the device after trauma of the scalp. Nevertheless, the communication between the ventricle and cyst continued and the bobbing never returned. In the second case (a 10-year-old girl), after 4.5 years a pseudocyst at the end of the peritoneal catheter was accidentally found. It was evacuated and, as in the third case (a 17-year-old boy) follow-up for 7 years showed excellent results from the clinical point of view and CT scans.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271027
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An evaluation of the surgical treatment of intracranial arachnoid cysts in children (1989)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 5 (1989), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Primary intracranial arachnoid cysts ; Children ; CSF dynamics ; Surgical indications ; Operation ; Results
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the period 1976–1987, the number of intracranial arachnoid cysts treated at our institute was 60: sylvian, 29; midline supratentorial, 13; subtentorial, 18. The diagnosis was mainly made by means of the results of a combination of CT, dynamic cisternography, and ventriculography. Based on an analysis of the preoperative investigations and operative results, an attempt was made to determine the appropriate treatment more precisely in cysts at different locations. The direct microsurgical approach with membrane excision was mainly used in combination with a preliminary VA shunt to treat hydrocephalus. The direct approach was supplemented with secondary cavity shunting in 5 cases. In more than half of the patients we used membrane excision alone (mainly children with sylvian cysts). In suprasellar cysts we consider the subfrontal approach to be more appropriate than the transventricular one. We restricted the use of primary cyst shunting as an alternative treatment to only 3 infants, with huge cysts. The follow-up reveals that 82.7% of the cases were favorably affected to varying degrees.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272123
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Brain abscesses in children — a cooperative study of 83 cases (1989)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 5 (1989), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Brain abscess ; Congenital heart disease ; Infant ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This study reviews our experience in 83 cases of brain abscesses in children diagnosed at seven teaching hospitals during the 10-year period from June 1978 to July 1987. The average age of the patients was 7 years, with 12% of them less than 1 year old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. Of the brain abscesses, 90.4% were detected by CT brain scan. A total of 50.6% patients had congenital heart disease, and 20.4% patients had sepsis and/or meningitis. Only 6% cases had ear, nose, and throat infection. Sixty-eight (81.9%) patients received a combination of antibiotics and surgical treatment. The cerebral abscesses were totally excised in 26 cases, aspirated and partially excised in 6, and aspirated in 32. Sixty patients had pus cultures from the cerebral abscesses. Organisms were isolated in 29 (49.2%) of them. Streptococcus was by far the most common organism. The overall outcome was: 49 (59%) alive; 16 (19.3%) dead; 18 (21.7%) lost to follow-up. Among the 16 mortalities, the causes of death were due to failure to treat the diseases causing the brain abscesses. We had a better outcome in patients whose cerebral abscesses were totally excised or whose abscesses were aspirated, and in patients who were older than 1 year of age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00706741
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cranial sonographic evaluation in children with meningomyelocele (1989)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 5 (1989), S. 94-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Brain sonography ; Children ; Meningomyelocele ; Chiari malformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Over a period of 5 years, 25 children between 1 day and 26 months of age were prospectively evaluated because of the presence of meningomyeloceles. Cranial sonography was used to ascertain the types of associated cranial alterations. Twenty-three children (92%) presented signs of Chiari II malformation. In only two (8%) were the ultrasonographic results normal. The abnormalities detected were classified as alterations of the ventricular system, extraventricular alterations, and associated findings. The most frequent alteration of the ventricular system was the “batwing” configuration of the frontal horns, which appeared in 22 children (88%). Among the extraventricular alterations, 23 children (92%) had a downward displaced cerebellum, obliterated basal cisterns and low positioning of the tentorium cerebelli. Associated findings were a polymicrogyria in 1 case and intracranial hemorrhage in 2. The 23 children with Chiari II malformation were followed up clinically and sonographically. Our findings were similar to those of other published series. In spite of the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging, we consider cranial sonography to be an inexpensive and convenient method of evaluating the existence of Chiari II malformation in the child with meningomyelocele and of following up its evolution after shunt procedures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571117
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Promoting mammography appointment making (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 12 (1989), S. 605-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Schlagwort(e): mammography ; compliance ; appointment keeping ; breast cancer ; incentives
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract Compliance with screening mammography recommendations is low. Consequently, a community-wide program offering $50 mammograms at 29 radiology facilities was implemented. The program was promoted on a local TV news show and women 35 years and older were instructed to call a referral phone bank. If the caller met eligibility criteria, she received an information packet that assigned her to one of the facilities; it was her responsibility to schedule the appointment. At one facility, a strategy to increase compliance was piloted using a controlled design. Of the 96 subjects assigned to that clinic, 47 received an incentive coupon combined with a prompt in addition to the information packet and 49 received no coupon. The coupon was redeemable for a nutrition information kit when the subject appreared at her appointment. Results indicated that the incentive group had a significantly higher rate of appointment making than the control group (81 vs. 59%). Of subjects in both groups who made appointments, nearly 100% kept them. The intervention appeared to be cost-effective with a self-referred sample.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00844829
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The use of savings as a family resource management strategy to meet child rearing costs (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of family and economic issues 10 (1989), S. 233-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3475
    Schlagwort(e): Children ; The Cost of ; Family Size ; Savings
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Sociologie
    Notizen: Abstract This study examines the effect of children on family savings decisions over the life cycle. The model used is a multinomial logit budget share allocation model. The data are from the 1982 Canadian Family Expenditure Survey Data. Results indicate that the addition of a child to a family results in fewer assets being accumulated than if the child was not present. As much as 43% of direct child rearing costs may be met through this substitution out of future consumption. Closer analysis reveals that accrual of housing equity is relatively unaffected by child's presence and that substitutions occur primarily out of other types of savings instruments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989509
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Attained Weight, Stature and Weight/Stature Index for Egyptian Children Aged 6–18 Years. Cairo Area, 1980–1982 (1989)
    Springer
    International journal of anthropology 4 (1989), S. 275-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1824-3096
    Schlagwort(e): Weight ; Stature ; Growth ; Children ; Egypt
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Data on body weight, stature and weight/stature2 index of 1351 males and 770 females comprising a sample of Egyptian children from Cairo area aged 6–18 years have been presented. Body weight and stature were found to be higher than similar information from a nation-wide sample studied during the early sixties. Besides, there were differences in ages of the maximal increments between the present and previous national study that denote comparatively earlier occurrence of puberty spurts in weight and stature of Cairo children nowadays. However girls after puberty were found to be of lighter weight at present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02444643
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Habitual level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory endurance capacity in children (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 58 (1989), S. 803-807 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Children ; Exercise ; Physical activity ; Endurance ; Performance ; Ventilatory threshold
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A total of 257 healthy children (140 boys, 117 girls) varying in age from 5.7 to 18.5 years underwent graded exercise tests on a treadmill. Cardiorespiratory endurance capacity was assessed by determination of the ventilatory threshold, which was defined as the highest exercise intensity before a disproportionate increase occurred in pulmonary ventilation ( $$\dot V$$ E) relative to oxygen uptake ( $$\dot V_{o_2 } $$ ). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the habitual level of physical activity (HLPA) and the cardiorespiratory endurance capacity in children. The HLPA was assessed by a standardized questionnaire. In boys and girls HLPA increased gradually with advancing age. For the group as a whole, the boys reached the highest values for HLPA. The most active boys reached the highest value for ventilatory threshold and the lowest value was found in the less active ones, except for the age span of 12–16 years. It is concluded that more active boys showed a higher cardiorespiratory endurance capacity, as assessed by the ventilatory threshold, compared to less active ones, except during puberty. It can be postulated that during puberty this effect may be overruled by the influence of other more dominant growth-related factors. In girls, because HLPA was rather low, there was no discriminative effect of HLPA on exercise performance, as would be expected.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02332210
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phase I clinical trial of doxorubicin and iproplatin combination chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 7 (1989), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Schlagwort(e): doxorubicin ; iproplatin ; breast cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Forty-eight patients with advanced breast cancer were treated in a disease-specific phase I trial of doxorubicin and iproplatin combination chemotherapy. The doses of doxorubicin ranged between 30 and 50 mg/m2, and the doses of iproplatin ranged between 150 and 250 mg/m2. Myelosuppression was observed at all levels, but was dose-limiting at the highest level. In addition, nausea, diarrhea and malaise were prominent toxicities. Neither cardiac nor renal toxicity was encountered. Nine of 26 (35%) of previously untreated patients, and 5 of 22 (23%) previously treated patients demonstrated partial or complete responses. Although this combination possesses therapeutic activity, given its toxicities, further evaluation of doxorubicin in combination with iproplatin is not recommended.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170856
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Foster care for children with AIDS: A psychosocial perspective (1989)
    Springer
    Child psychiatry & human development 19 (1989), S. 256-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3327
    Schlagwort(e): AIDS ; Children ; Foster Home ; Psychosocial
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The first Foster Boarding Home Program for babies with AIDS in the United Stated was started in New York by The Leake and Watts Children's Home in 1985. The authors describe the stages of the program, the possible reasons for its remarkable success, and some general characteristics of the AIDS epidemic. They also present preliminary findings about the characteristics of the children and foster parents in this group. General psychosocial issues concerning AIDS are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705955
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Children's conceptualization of their own psychiatric illness and hospitalization (1989)
    Springer
    Child psychiatry & human development 20 (1989), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3327
    Schlagwort(e): Piaget ; Conception of Illness ; Children ; Psychiatric Hospitalization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Conscious understanding of their psychiatric hospitalization and illness was examined in 22 preadolescent children. Semistructured interviews evaluated their understanding of why they were hospitalized and its relationship to their problems. Their concepts of hospitalization fell into five categories: moralistic/punitive, adultomorphic, medical/physical, doesn't know, and due to misunderstanding. Most children described personal problems, yet believed that these were unrelated to and did not justify hospitalization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711656
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Racial and age differences in multiple primary cancers after breast cancer: A population-based analysis (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): age ; breast cancer ; multiple primary cancers ; race
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The occurrence of multiple primary cancers was evaluated among 17,944 white and black female residents of Metropolitan Detroit diagnosed with breast cancer between 1973 and 1983. Invasive second primary cancers were diagnosed among 1106 of these women, almost twice the expected number. Subsequentin situ cancers were detected four times more often than expected. Fifty-six percent of the subsequent invasive cancers were of the breast (Standardized Incidence Ratio, SIR = 3.80). Black women experienced higher risk of subsequent breast cancers (SIR = 5.30) than white women (SIR = 3.62). Highest risk was seen among women first diagnosed before age 40 (SIR for black women = 26.15, SIR for white women = 10.87) and within five years of initial diagnosis. These findings suggest that young breast cancer patients, especially black women, are at high risk of developing a second primary breast cancer soon after their initial diagnosis and should be under continued medical surveillance. The occurrence of multiple primary breast cancers among young women suggests a genetic component to risk. Identification of this subpopulation would be useful in the study of molecular and genetic markers for cancer. Subsequent colon (SIR = 1.24) and cervical (SIR = 1.54) cancers also were diagnosed significantly more often than expected, as were ovarian cancers among white women (SIR = 1.45). These findings are consistent with common etiologic factors associated with these cancers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01810741
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Progesterone receptor determination in human breast tumors by immunocytochemical and biochemical techniques (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; enzyme immunoassay ; immunocytochemical assay ; progesterone receptor ; radioligand binding assay
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Progesterone receptors were determined on frozen sections from 74 primary human breast tumors by an immunocytochemical assay using an indirect avidin-biotin peroxidase method. In the same tumors, cytosol estrogen (ERc) and progesterone receptors (PgRc) were determined by ligand binding assay, and nuclear estrogen (ERn) and progesterone receptors (PgRn) were determined by an immunoassay. Immunocytochemical staining was seen in 36% of tumors. It was predominantly nuclear and there was extensive cell to cell heterogeneity. When the immunocytochemical results were compared to PgRc the agreement rate was 63%, but it was 77% when compared to PgRn. About one third (38%) of PgRc positive tumors were immunocytochemically defined as negative. Thus a significant discordance exists between this immunocytochemical assay for PgR and both the conventional radioligand assay (used for PgRc) and the relatively new enzyme immunoassay (used for PgRn). However discordance rates were critically influenced by the arbitrary cutoff levels that were used to define receptor positivity in the biochemical assays. Our studies support the addition to, rather than the substitution of, immunocytochemical methods, to the conventional biochemical assays for PgR, until long-term follow-up studies of patients with PgRn and immunocytochemical PgR determinations become available.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01810738
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor in node-positive breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 77-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; estrogen receptor ; prognosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The prognostic significance of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) was studied in a cohort of 68 node-positive patients with breast cancer, who entered a controlled protocol of adjuvant therapy between February 1980 and June 1984. EGFR radioligand binding assay was carried out on frozen stored samples. Twenty five (37%) of 68 primary sites and 9 (41%) of 19 lymph node metastases assayed were EGFR-positive with a cut off value of 5 fmol/mg membrane protein; there is no statistical difference between the two distributions. EGFR was significantly correlated to ER and histological grade. EGFR-positive tumors and high levels of EGFR were mainly found in the ER-negative group of tumors (p = 0.008) and in histological grade III (p = 0.007). Fifty five patients could be followed for 40 to 92 months. EGFR was an independent prognostic factor for survival after 40 months (p = 0.05). EGFR+/ER− patients had the lowest survival probability, but statistical significance was not reached (p = 0.06). The EGFR phenotype appeared as a prognostic parameter in node-positive patients, individualizing subgroups of patients with different early outcome, with potential therapeutic implication especially in the group of ER-negative patients. These results emphasize the need for a standardized assay methodology and for further clinical studies, particularly in protocols where adjuvant hormonal therapy is prescribed on the basis of steroid hormone receptor status, in order to assess the respective prognostic worth of EGFR and ER (or PR).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01805978
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth kinetics of four human breast carcinomas grown in nude mice (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; cell kinetics ; flow cytometry ; growth curves ; nude mice ; xenografts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The immune-deficient nude mouse with human tumor xenografts is an appropriate model system for performing detailed growth kinetic examinations. In the present study one estrogen and progesterone receptor-negative (T60) and three receptor-positive (Br-10, MCF-7, T61) human breast cancer xenografts in nude mice were investigated. The proliferative tumor characteristics were examined by growth curves, thymidine labelling technique, and flow cytometric DNA analysis performed on fine-needle aspirations. The results showed that the tumors had growth kinetics comparable to other human tumor types with cell generation times of 42 to 60 hours. The three receptor-positive tumors had slower growth rate, larger tumor volume doubling time, and smaller growth fraction and labelling index than the receptor-negative tumor. However, no single proliferation parameter was sufficient to characterize the growth kinetics of individual tumors or to describe proliferative differences between the tumors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01810740
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Circulating CA 15-3 levels in the postsurgical follow-up of breast cancer patients and in non-malignant diseases (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 123-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): antigens ; breast cancer ; CA 15–3 ; CEA ; markers ; relapse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Circulating CA 15-3 antigen levels were evaluated in patients with benign diseases and breast cancer patients with no clinical evidence of disease after surgery (NED). Patients with breast cancer NED were followed for tumor recurrence or death during a median of 12.9 months (range 1 to 25 months). CA 15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were compared in the same breast cancer NED patient population. Elevated CA 15-3 levels (〉40 U/ml) were observed in 38 of 1220 patients with benign diseases (3.1%) and in 25 of 350 breast cancer NED patients (7.1%). Elevations of CEA (〉5ng/ml) were observed in 23 patients with breast cancer NED (6.5%). Benign diseases that produced significant elevations of CA 15-3 were chronic hepatitis (42.9%), liver cirrhosis (13.3%), sarcoidosis (16.7%), tuberculosis (9.7%), and systemic lupus erythematosous (6.7%). In breast cancer NED, initial elevations of CA 15-3 were observed in 12 of the 297 patients that remained free of disease during the follow-up, and in 13 of the 40 patients that relapsed (4.0% vs. 32.5%, p〈0.001). Initial CEA levels were elevated in 16 patients that remained NED and in 7 patients that relapsed (5.3% vs. 17.5%, p〈0.001). Serial determinations of CA 15-3 in patients continuously NED showed persistent elevations in 4 cases. Three of these exhibited concomitant benign diseases. In relapsing patients, serial tumor marker determinations showed that elevations of CA 15-3 before any other clinical evidence of recurrence occurred significantly more frequently than elevations of CEA (45% vs. 25%, p〈0.001). Overall, two or more serial elevated values of CA 15-3 were observed in 7 cases, and 6 of them (85%) eventually relapsed. Median survival from study entry was 18.3 months in patients with breast cancer NED that had initial elevated CA 15-3, compared to 25+ months in those with negative CA 15-3 (p〈0.0001). We conclude that circulating levels of CA 15-3 antigen can be elevated in some patients with nonmalignant diseases, and that serial determinations of CA 15-3 may be useful in the postsurgical follow-up of patients with breast cancer when specific types of benign diseases that may cause elevations of the antigen are excluded. Additionally, CA 15-3 is more sensitive than CEA in the early diagnosis of breast cancer recurrences, and the simultaneous assay of CEA does not add information to that of CA 15-3 alone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806524
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of radiotherapy on the dose of adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 237-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): adjuvant chemotherapy ; breast cancer ; conservative treatment ; lumpectomy ; mastectomy ; radiotherapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 399 patients with early breast cancer were randomly allocated to treatment by either modified radical mastectomy or lumpectomy and radiotherapy. 169 had histologically involved axillary nodes and were randomised to receive either adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy (76 patients) or no systemic adjuvant treatment (93 patients). Chemotherapy comprised a combination of oral cyclophosphamide and intravenous methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) for 12 cycles over one year. Patients in the mastectomy group received a significantly higher percentage of the planned chemotherapy dose compared with those in the radiotherapy group (median 85% v. 71% p 〈 0.05). Patients treated with radiotherapy were more frequently nauseated and developed more severe alopecia, but these differences were not statistically significant. At median follow-up of 37 months the relapse-rate and pattern of relapse were similar in both groups of patients receiving CMF.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02106573
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inter- and intraobserver variability in the histopathological diagnosis of medullary carcinoma of the breast, and its prognostic implications (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): observer variability ; medullary carcinoma of the breast ; breast cancer ; histopathology ; diagnosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary One hundred thirty-one breast carcinomas with medullary features, registered in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group from 1977–1982, have been histopathologically reviewed by two senior pathologists and classified as typical medullary carcinoma (TMC), atypical medullary carcinoma (AMC), and non-medullary carcinoma (NMC). Diagnostic criteria were based on those put forward by Ridolfiet al. and Fisheret al. The procedure was repeated with an interval of about one year by both pathologists. The diagnostic interobserver agreement was 72% with a Kappa of 0.55. The intraobserver agreement was 77% and 63% with Kappa values of 0.64 and 0.44, respectively. To see whether the observed inter- and intraobserver variability had any prognostic implications, diagnostic subgroups for both pathologists were analyzed with Kaplan Meier plots for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and with log rank tests. In the first evaluation pathologist 1 segregated a group of TMC with a significantly better RFS than for the NMC group, and pathologist 2 segregated a group of TMC with a corresponding strong trend. These findings could not, however, be reproduced in the second evaluation. The study indicates that the criteria of TMC and AMC as proposed by Ridolfiet al. need to be sharpened and simplified in order to reduce inter-and intraobserver variability. Larger studies with a control group of infiltrating ductal carcinomas are mandatory to elucidate the clinical importance of the diagnoses of Typical and Atypical Medullary Carcinoma of the breast.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01805979
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antiestrogenic properties of keoxifene,trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen, and ICI 164384, a new steroidal antiestrogen, in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): antiestrogens ; estrogen receptor ; ICI 164384 ; keoxifene ; tamoxifen ; breast cancer ; mixed agonist-antagonist
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The agonistic/antagonistic properties of two non-steroidal antiestrogens, namelytrans-4-monohydroxy-tamoxifen (OH-TAM) and keoxifene (LY156758), and the new steroidal antiestrogen ICI164384, a 7β-alkylamide derivative of estradiol (E2), were assessed by measuring their effect on the proliferation of ZR·75-1 cells, an estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cell line. While subnanomolar concentrations of both OH-TAM and LY156758 had significant estrogenic stimulatory activity on cell growth in the absence of estrogens and higher concentrations were inhibitory, ICI164384 behaved exclusively as a growth inhibitor and more potently so than the two other compounds. The three antiestrogens had similar potency to inhibit the mitogenic effect of E2 and at 300 nM, all antiproliferative effects were completely reversible by the estrogen. ICI164384 was a weaker competitor of3H-labeled E2 or R2858 (moxestrol) uptake in intact ZR-75-1 cells in a 1-hour assay, partly because of a slower intracellular access to estrogen specific binding sites. Moreover, ICI164384 interacted in a rapidly (~ 6 h) reversible manner with estrogen-specific binding sites, while the non-steroidal antiestrogens induced a longer-acting (〉 24 h) down-regulation of specific [3H]R2858 uptake. The present data indicate that, among the antiestrogens studied, ICI164384 is the only compound acting as a pure antiestrogen in ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells, while LY156758 and OH-TAM behave as antiestrogens endowed with partial agonistic activity in this system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01805977
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antitumor activity of the antiprogestins ZK 98.299 and RU 38.486 in hormone dependent rat and mouse mammary tumors: Mechanistic studies (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 275-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; antiprogesterones ; tumor models ; rats ; mice ; differentiation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the transplantable MXT mammary tumor model of the mouse and in the DMBA- and MNU-induced mammary tumor models of the rat, the progesterone antagonists ZK 98.299 and RU 38.468 were shown to have potent antitumor activity. The weight and/or morphology of the ovaries, uterus, and vagina, as well as the effects on serum hormone levels, indicate that the antitumor activity of both antiprogesterones in these models does not depend on a blockade of the ovarian and pituitary functions and does not depend on a non receptor-mediated cytotoxic effect. On the other hand, the morpholoy of the MXT and the DMBA-induced mammary tumors after treatment with the progesterone antagonists is completely different from that observed after ovariectomy. Treatment with the antiprogesterones seems to trigger differentiation of the mitotically active polygonal tumor cells towards glandular structures and acini with a massive sequestering of secretory products, as well as towards spindle-shaped necrobiotic subpopulations. By contrast, the induction of tumor cell degeneration and cytolysis is the predominant feature of the mammary tumors after ovariectomy. In conclusion, our results indicate that the main mechanism of the antitumor action of antiprogesterones in these models is a direct progesterone receptor-mediated antiproliferative effect at the level of the mammary tumor cells, most probably via the induction of terminal differentiation associated with terminal cell death. This antiproliferative effect seems to be dissociated from the antihormone (antiprogestational) activity of these progesterone antagonists.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806299
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of S-phase fraction on metastatic pattern and post-recurrence survival in a randomized mammography screening trial (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 321-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; recurrence ; prognosis ; post-recurrence survival ; metastasis ; S-phase ; mammography screening ; static cytofluorometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using static cytofluorometry, S-phase was determined on the primary tumors of 421 patients with breast carcinomas in stages I–III diagnosed 1981–85 during the second and third screening rounds of a randomized trial evaluating the effect of mammographic screening. Through December 1988, 82 patients had developed local and/or distant recurrence, 51 of whom had died of cancer during the same period. The distribution among sites of recurrence differed between patients with tumors detected by mammography screening and cancers diagnosed due to clinical symptoms. The mean S-phase fraction was highest in patients with liver or brain metastases and lowest in patients with metastases in subcutaneous and cutaneous tissue and lymph nodes only. In univariate analysis, survival after first recurrence was significantly associated with the site of primary recurrence, the disease-free interval, and node status and tumor size at diagnosis, as well as the S-phase level. The median survival period was 31.3. months for patients with a S-phase fraction below 6%, and 10.7 months in cases with S-phase exceeding 10%. Neither ploidy nor the estrogen receptor content had significant influence on post-recurrence survival. In Cox's multiple regression analysis, only metastatic site, disease-free interval, and S-phase fraction showed significantly independent prognostic value.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806304
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cell dissociation techniques in human breast cancer — Variations in tumor cell viability and DNA ploidy (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; DNA ploidy ; viability ; enzymatic dissociation ; mechanical dissociation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Approximately 70% of breast cancers contain cell populations with hyperdiploid (〉G0/G1) DNA content; however, cells cultured from breast cancers have only diploid DNA contents and karyotypes. Mechanically dissociated cells rarely, if ever, grow in culture, while enzymatically dissociated cells do grow in most cases. To determine if cell dissociation techniques used to prepare cells for culture and other laboratory procedures select for cells with specific features, and if tumor cells are killed in the process, breast cancer cells obtained by mechanical dissociation and by enzymatic dissociation were examined for DNA content and cell viability (measured by dye exclusion). Mechanical dissociation yielded more dead cells and cells with hyperdiploid (〉G0/G1) DNA than did enzymatic dissociation. Hyperdiploid cells were also found in the dye-excluding population with each dissociation technique, suggesting that the hyperdiploid cells were not always dead. We conclude that,in vivo, tumors contain cellular subpopulations with low viability and hyperdiploid (〉G0/G1) DNA patterns. The extent to which these subpopulations are present in a sample depends on the dissociation technique employed. That only diploid cells are found in cultures of primary breast cancers may be because enzymatic dissociation, used to prepare cells for culture, yields predominantly diploid cells. These observations also have important implications for interpreting measurements made on dispersed cells,e.g., viability, DNA content, and other cytochemical markers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806527
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Androgen and glucocorticoid receptor-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation by medroxyprogesterone acetate in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 161-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): androgens ; breast cancer ; glucocorticoids ; hydroxyflutamide ; medroxyprogesterone acetate ; progestins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a synthetic progestin, currently used in the adjuvant treatment of advanced breast cancer, which induces remission rates (30–40%) comparable to those obtained with other types of endocrine therapies. Since, in addition to its progestin-like action, MPA exhibits androgen- and glucocorticoid-like activities in other tissues, the present study was designed to assess the relative contribution of the different steroid receptor systems in the direct action of MPA on breast cancer cell growth, using the ZR-75-1 human mammary carcinoma cell line as anin vitro model. Unlike pure progestins, MPA potently inhibited the proliferation of ZR-75-1 cells in a concentrationdependent manner either in the presence or in the absence of estrogens, and the addition of insulin had only marginal effects on its growth-inhibitory activity. On the other hand, both hydroxyflutamide (OHF, a non-steroidal monospecific antiandrogen) and RU486 (a potent antiglucocorticoid and antiprogestin also endowed with antiandrogenic activity) competitively reversed MPA antiproliferative effects. MPA further decreased the growth of ZR-75-1 cells co-incubated with maximally inhibitory concentrations of either 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or dexamethasone (DEX), although at about 300-fold higher MPA concentrations with DHT-treated than with DEX-treated ZR-75-1 cells, thus demonstrating a highly predominant androgenic effect. However, MPA had no effect on the growth of ZR-75-1 cells co-incubated with DHT and DEX simultaneously, thus supporting the predominant role of androgen and glucocorticoid receptors in MPA action. A 12-day preincubation of ZR-75-1 cells with increasing concentrations of MPA (10−12 to 3 × 10−6M) decreased the specific uptake of [3H]estradiol (E2) by intact cell monolayers to the same extent as 10 nM DHT, an effect which was competitively blocked by the addition of OHF (3 µM). MPA action on ZR-75-1 cell growth also significantly differed from that of progestins in being additive to the inhibition of E2-stimulated growth by the steroidal antiestrogen ICI164384. The present data indicate that the main action of MPA on ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cell growth is due to its androgen receptor-mediated inhibitory action, while its glucocorticoid-like activity could play an additional role at high concentrations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806528
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibitory effect of androgens on DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; androgens ; dihydrotestosterone ; androgen receptor ; dimethylbenz[a]anthracene ; estrogens ; hormone-sensitive ; antiandrogen ; Flutamide
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Constant release of the androgen 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in ovariectomized rats bearing DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma caused a marked inhibition of tumor growth induced by 17β-estradiol (E2). That DHT acts through interaction with the androgen receptor is supported by the finding that simultaneous treatment with the antiandrogen Flutamide completely prevents DHT action. Particularly illustrative of the potent inhibitory effect of DHT on tumor growth are the decrease by DHT of the number of progressing tumors from 69.2% to 29.2% in E2-treated animals and the increase by DHT of the number of complete responses (disappearance of palpable tumors) from 11.5% to 33.3% in the same groups of animals. The number of new tumors appearing during the 28-day observation period in E2-treated animals decreased from 1.5 ± 0.3 to 0.7 ± 0.2 per rat during treatment with DHT, an effect which was also reversed by the antiandrogen Flutamide. The present data demonstrate, for the first time, that androgens are potent inhibitors of DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma growth by an action independent of inhibition of gonadotropin secretion, and suggest an action exerted directly at the tumor level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806301
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polypeptide composition of normal and neoplastic human breast tissues and cells analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 337-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; cell lines ; image analysis ; infiltrating ductal carcinoma ; polypeptides ; two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The protein populations of epithelial cells cultured from two neoplastic and five non-neoplastic human breast tissues were resolved and displayed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silverstaining. With a computer-based image analysis system, we identified eight polypeptides which are present in both of the neoplastic cell lines, but absent from all five of the cultures of non-neoplastic breast cells. The eight polypeptides are not unique to cells cultured from neoplastic breast, because they are also found in cells cultured from non-breast tissues, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic. Two of the eight polypeptides (∼ Mr 25,000/pI 4.4 and ∼ Mr 31,000/pI 5.5) are present in the patterns of whole tissue samples from infiltrating ductal carcinomas and absent in most normal breast tissue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806306
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Beta-adrenergic receptors in DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors: Correlation with progesterone receptor and tumor growth (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 251-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): beta-adrenergic receptor ; catecholamines ; DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma ; spontaneous mammary tumors ; estrogen-sensitive cancer ; progesterone receptor ; breast cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In order to gain further knowledge about the potential role of catecholamines in mammary carcinoma, we have used the potent β-adrenergic antagonist cyanopindolol (CYP) as iodinated ligand to characterize β-adrenergic receptors in membranes prepared from mammary tumors induced by dimethylbenz(a)anthraene (DMBA) administration in the rat. The binding of [125I]CYP to membrane preparations of DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors is rapid at room temperature, reaching half maximal specific binding at 30 min of incubation. Scatchard analysis of the data indicates that [125I]CYP binds to a single class of high affinity sites (114 ± 2.1 fmoles/mg protein) at an apparent KD value of 38.0 ± 0.3 pM. The order of potency of a series of agonists to compete for [125I]CYP binding is consistent with interaction with a β2-subtype receptor: zinterol 〉 (−)isoproterenol 〉 (−)epinephrine» (−)norepinephrine. In addition, the potency of a series of specific β1, and β2 synthetic compounds to displace [125I]CYP in mammary tumors is similar to their potency in typical β2-adrenergic tissues. The binding of [125I]CYP to DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors shows a marked stereoselectivity, the (−)isomers of isoproterenol and propranolol being 150 and 80 times more potent, respectively, than their respective enantiomers. The autoradiographic localization of [125I]CYP performed on frozen sections revealed the presence of specific β-adrenergic receptors in all the malignant cells. Spontaneous mammary tumors of aging (18–22 months) female rats have high levels of β-adrenergic receptors. Castration decreased the concentration of [125I]CYP binding sites in DMBA-induced mammary tumors. A close correlation was observed between progressing, static, and regressing tumors after ovariectomy and β-adrenergic receptor concentration. The presence of β-adrenergic receptors in mammary tumors as well as the modulation of their level by ovarian hormones provides a mechanism for catecholaminergic influence in mammary cancer tissue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02106575
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Stockholm breast cancer screening trial — 5-year results and stage at discovery (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; mammography ; screening ; stage ; advanced cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In screening programmes it is important to assess a preliminary effectiveness of the screening method as soon as possible in order to forecast survival figures. In March 1981 a controlled single-view mammographic screening trial for breast cancer was started in the south of Stockholm. The population invited for screening mammography consisted of 40,000 women aged 40–64 years, and 20,000 women served as a well-defined control group. The main aim of the trial was to determine whether repeated mammographic screening could reduce the mortality in the study population (SP) compared to the control population (CP). The cumulative number of advanced mammary carcinomas in the screening and the control populations from the first five years of screening have shown a tendency towards more favourable stages in the screened population aged 40–64 years. A breakdown by age suggests an effect in age group 50–59 years, but not yet in age groups 40–49 and 60–64 years. When comparing the rates of stage II+ cancer, an increased number is found in the study group. As the total rate of breast cancer is higher in SP than in CP, there ought to be a concealed group of stage II+ cancers in the CP which makes the comparison biased. A new approach has been designed, where an estimation of the ‘hidden’ number of stage II+ cancers in CP is added to the clinically detected cases, and in this respect a comparison has shown a decrease in the cumulative number of advanced cancers in the SP in relation to the CP (p〈0.05). According to this it could be important to add the estimated number of undetected, hidden cases in the control group in order to utilize the difference in detection rate in the screening- and control group respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806553
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Risk factors and 10-year breast cancer survival in Northern Alberta (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): age ; breast cancer ; menopausal status ; obesity ; oral contraceptives ; prognosis ; risk factors ; survival ; weight
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 1,121 women in northern Alberta diagnosed as having breast cancer between 1971–74 were followed for 10 years. Risk factors for breast cancer were studied with respect to their possiblé influence on survival by comparing survival curves, using both Logrank and Cox's regression model, and controlling for intercurrent death, stage and axillary node status. A complex interaction was found between age and menopausal status and survival rates. Premenopausal women aged 45–55 had a better survival rate than postmenopausal women of the same age. However, one subgroup of premenopausal women aged 35–39 had a significantly worse prognosis than those aged 40–44 as did a group of post menopausal women aged 70–74. No cause was found other than the effect of age. There was a significant trend to worsening survival with heavier weight at time of diagnosis and with breast feeding. Parity of five or more and family history of breast cancer were less consistently associated with worse survival. Oral contraceptive use was only associated with worsened prognosis significantly when stage was controlled for; there was no overall effect. Age at menarche and age at first birth did not influence prognosis. Theories to explain the findings are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806526
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic alterations in primary breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 191-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; frequent mutations ; loss of heterozygosity ; prognostic indicators ; tumor biology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A serious effort has been made to identify and characterize mutations that frequently occur during the evolution of primary human breast cancer. Some of these mutations involve amplification of protooncogenes (c -myc, c-erbB-2, andint-2) that have been shown to contribute to experimentally induced breast cancer in mouse model systems. Tumor development in mice containing the c -myc or c -erbB-2 transgene suggests that the cellular and developmental contexts in which the genes are expressed define their relative contribution to tumorigenesis. Homozygous deletions or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) represent another type of mutation that has been frequently observed on four chromosomes (1q, 3p, 11p, and 13q) in tumor DNA. They are thought to unmask recessive mutations (LOH) that inactivate or remove (homozygous deletion) suppressor genes that regulate normal cell proliferation. Attempts to determine whether specific mutations are associated with certain clinical parameters have led to the controversial hypothesis that some mutations may be useful prognostic indicators of the post-surgical course of the disease. The current results underscore the necessity for much larger, better control studies to unambiguously define the potential of such mutations as clinical markers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02106570
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phytohaemagglutinin responsiveness of peripheral lymphocytes and survival in patients with primary breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; adjuvant therapy ; prognosis ; lymphocytes ; phytohaemagglutinin responsiveness
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 153 breast cancer patients to the T-cell mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was measured prior to surgery and patients assigned to either high (Hi/PHA) or low (Lo/PHA) PHA response groups. Patients were followed up for between 8 and 12 years, or until death. Clinical characteristics were similar in Hi/PHA and Lo/PHA groups. In the 96 patients who received no postoperative adjuvant therapy, overall and relapse-free survival was significantly longer in Hi/PHA than in Lo/PHA patients (p 〈 0.005, and p 〈 0.025 respectively); relative risk of death within 12 years was 0.52 and of relapse was 0.64. In 47 patients who were treated with radiotherapy postoperatively, there was no correlation between the PHA response and overall or relapse-free survival. The implications of these findings for the selection of breast cancer patients for adjuvant treatment following surgery are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02106574
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Progestin inhibition of estrogen-dependent proliferation in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells: Antagonism by insulin (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 265-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; progestins ; progesterone receptor ; antiprogestin ; insulin ; estrogens ; antiestrogens
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of R5020 [17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-4,9-pregnadiene-3,20-dione], a synthetic progestin, was studied in the hormone-responsive ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cell line. Following a 12-day incubation with increasing concentrations of R5020, the mitogenic effect of 17β-estradiol (E2,1 nM) was partially (60–80%) antagonized by the progestin, with a half-maximal effective concentration measured at about 30 pM. This effect of R5020 was completely reversed by the addition of physiological concentrations of bovine insulin, as well as by the potent antiprogestin RU486 [17β-hydroxy-11β-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-17α-(1-propynyl)-4,9-estradien-3-one], but not by the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide (α,α,α-trifluoro-2-methyl-4′-nitro-m-lactotoluidide). Moreover, the effect of R5020 required the presence of estrogens, thus further indicating a progesterone receptor (PgR)-mediated effect. Low (〈100 nM) concentrations of R5020 increased the specific binding of [125I]-insulin up to 2- to 2.5-fold in intact ZR-75-1 cells, an effect which was reversed by RU486. The effect was rapid, being nearly maximal after 24 h of incubation with R5020. The PgR-mediated effect of R5020 on cell proliferation was abolished by the addition of a pure steroidal antiestrogen. The present results suggest a physiological role for progestins in increasing the responsiveness to insulin, which could, in turn, reverse the antiproliferative effect of progestins on estrogen action and thus decrease the efficacy of progestins in the treatment of breast cancer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02106576
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemoprevention of breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): anti-oestrogens ; breast cancer ; prevention ; tamoxifen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The hypothesis that oestrogen is an important promotor of human breast cancer raises the possibility that endrocrine intervention could prevent the disease. Various methods of reducing oestrogenic activity have been proposed including dietary control, progestin therapy, and ovarian ablation. Tamoxifen is a synthetic anti-oestrogen of low toxicity with proven anti-proliferative activity in endocrine sensitive breast cancer which makes it an attractive alternative for a trial of endocrine prevention. We have undertaken a doubleblind placebo-controlled pilot study to assess the feasibility of mounting a large multicentre study of tamoxifen in the prevention of breast cancer in high risk women. Two hundred women were randomised to tamoxifen or placebo during an 18 month accrual period. Acute toxicity was mild and serial studies of blood lipids, clotting factors, and bone mineral density suggested that no long-term deleterious effects are likely to be seen. It is estimated that 10,000 women would be required with a 10–15 year follow up in order to detect a 25% prevention effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01805972
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genomic DNA analysis of the estrogen receptor gene in breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; estrogen receptor ; RFLP ; alleles
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A human estrogen receptor (ER) cDNA probe was used to examine genomic DNA extracted from 59 primary invasive breast cancers. The tumors were also studied histopathologically, and their ER status was assessed by hormone-binding assay and immunohistochemical analysis. Southern blots of genomic DNA samples digested with restriction endonucleases (BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, PvuII, XbaI) revealed identical restriction fragments for each tumor, indicating preservation of gross ER gene integrity regardless of ER status, clinical stage, or histopathologic appearance. Digestion with PvuII identified a single, two-allele polymorphism with band(s) at 1.6 and/or 0.7 kb. The homozygous 1.6 kb pattern was present in 14 (24%) patients, the heterozygous 1.6/0.7 kb pattern in 29 (49%) patients and the homozygous 0.7 kb pattern in 16 (27%) patients. The PvuII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) within the ER gene showed no correlation with the results of the ER binding assay, the immunohistochemical analysis, clinical stage, or histopathologic appearance. A significant correlation was found between the genotypes and patient age at the time of tumor diagnosis. Tumors with the homozygous 1.6 kb and the heterozygous 1.6/0.7 kb patterns were observed in older women with mean ages of 64.6 and 64.4 years, respectively. In contrast, patients with tumors containing the homozygous 0.7 kb pattern were significantly younger, with a mean age of 50.4 years (p-value = 0.0024). The mechanism by which the homozygous 0.7 kb genotype is associated with breast cancer in the premenopausal age group is unknown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01805976
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mitoxantrone use in breast cancer patients with elevated bilirubin (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 267-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): mitoxantrone ; liver dysfunction ; breast cancer ; performance status ; bilirubin elevation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract To determine the safety and efficacy of mitoxantrone use in hyperbilirubinemic breast cancer patients, a prospectively determined dosage schedule was evaluated in a multi-center trial. Pretreatment bilirubin prospectively defined three groups: Controls (with normal bilirubin) and two Study groups (with either moderate or severe bilirubin increase). Bilirubin determined initial mitoxantrone dose as well: bilirubin 〈 3.5 mg/dl, 14 mg/m2; and bilirubin ≥ 3.5 mg/dl, 8 mg/m2. Mitoxantrone at 14 mg/m2 was well tolerated in patients with moderate hepatic dysfunction. Patients with severe hepatic dysfunction demonstrated a mixed toxicity picture, with performance status (ECOG level 3) defining a population with limiting myelosuppression and/or early death. The survival of Study patients with severe hepatic dysfunction (median 17 days) was significantly worse than both Control (p 〈 0.01) and Study (p 〈 0.05) patients with lower bilirubin. Entry performance status (ECOG level 0–2 versus level 3) profoundly influenced survival (median survival 222 days versus 25 days, respectively, p 〈 0.0001). Objective responses were seen in patients with both normal and elevated bilirubin. Bilirubin reduction following mitoxantrone commonly occurred, representing at least an indicator of favorable prognosis. Recommendations for mitoxantrone use include: 1. Patients with moderate bilirubinemia tolerate 14 mg/m2 mitoxantrone with reasonable chance for benefit. 2. Patients with severe hepatic dysfunction and poor performance status should not be given mitoxantrone. A definitive recommendation regarding use of reduced 8 mg/m2 mitoxantrone in patients with severe hyperbilirubinemia and favorable performance status requires further study.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806298
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prognostic value of nuclear DNA content in breast cancer in relation to tumor size, nodal status, and estrogen receptor content (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; DNA ploidy ; estrogen receptor ; prognosis ; microspectrophotometry ; nodal status ; tumor size
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The prognostic value of nuclear DNA distribution pattern in relation to tumor size, axillary lymph node status, and estrogen receptor (ER) content was studied in 464 patients with primary, operable mammary adenocarcinoma. The median follow-up time was 3 1/2 years. Slide cytophotometric DNA analysis was performed on morphologically identified Feulgen-stained tumor cells. The tumors were classified into four subgroups according to their DNA histogram type. DNA content was significantly related to tumor size and ER level but not to nodal status. When all variables were stimultaneously introduced into Cox's proportional hazards model, tumor size, nodal status, and DNA profile remained as significant predictors of recurrence. Restricting the analysis to node-negative patients, both DNA profile and tumor size showed a significant prognostic value. DNA did not contribute significant prognostic information in node-positive patients. However, the trends in recurrence-free survival were similar to those in the node-negative subgroup: patients with aneuploid tumors tended to fare worse than those with euploid carcinomas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806547
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Androstenedione and androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol stimulate DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors — role of aromatase (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 13 (1989), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Schlagwort(e): breast cancer ; adrenal steroids ; androst-5-ene-3β ; 17β-diol ; androstenedione ; aminoglutethimide ; aromatase inhibitors ; antiandrogens ; flutamide ; dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of the adrenal steroids androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (Δ5-diol) and androstenedione (Δ4-dione) was studied on the growth of mammary carcinoma induced in the rat by dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). The plasma levels of the two steroids were maintained at values within the range of those found in the circulation of post-menopausal women by constant release from osmotic pumps in ovariectomized animals. Δ5-diol and Δ4-dione, at the daily release rate of 500µg, led to plasma levels of 1.26±0.19 and 1.72 ± 0.75 ng/ml, respectively. At these physiologically relevant plasma concentrations, both Δ5-diol and Δ4-dione caused a marked stimulation of tumor growth while having minimal or no effect on uterine weight or on plasma prolactin and LH levels. Concomitant treatment with the aromatase inhibitor aminoglutethimide completely blocked the stimulatory effect of Δ4-dione released from silastic implants on tumor growth, while simultaneous administration of the antiandrogen flutamide had no significant effect. On the other hand, when aminoglutethimide was administered with Δ5-diol, the stimulatory effect of the adrenal steroid on tumor growth was not affected. Such data indicate that, under the present experimental conditions, transformation of Δ4-dione into androgens plays a minor role, the predominant effect of the adrenal steroid being stimulation of tumor growth through conversion into estrogens, while Δ5-diol exerts a direct estrogenic effect independent from aromatase activity. The minimal or absent effect of the same treatment on uterine weight and on plasma prolactin and LH levels indicates the tissue specificity of the effects observed, the mammary tissue being most sensitive to the action of adrenal steroids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01806551
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determinants of physical ability in 7th grade schoolchildren (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 5 (1989), S. 90-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Schlagwort(e): Children ; Physical ability ; Questionnaire
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of the study was to determine factors associated with running time in children aged 12 years, according to sex and sexual maturation of girls. The physical ability was measured, using a 1000 meter run in a group of 942 boys and girls aged 12. In addition, data was collected on family sports activities and the children's sports activities, using questionnaires for parents and children. Before the 1000 meter run, physical examination was carried out. Nutrition habits of the family in the home and outside were self-reported in a questionnaire. The mean time for run in boys was shorter by 40 seconds than that for girls. Premenarche girls ran significantly faster than postmenarche girls (p 〉 0.05). The best predictors for short running time were triceps skinfold thickness and sport motivation of the children. Weaker correlation was observed between food variables, family characteristics and running time. The highest prediction of running time by the measured variables was found for postmenarche girls, explained by the high correlation of running time with the behavioral variables. In boys and premenarche girls, the best predictors for running time were the physical and physiological characteristics of the children.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145052
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hepatitis B virus infection in children in Sardinia, Italy (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 5 (1989), S. 202-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Schlagwort(e): Children ; Hepatitis B markers ; Hepatitis B virus ; Infection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Possible hepatitis B immunization of all newborns, regardless of the mother's HBsAg status, is a strategy under consideration for selected hyperendemic areas in Italy. Sardinia is one such area. However, in 1987 in Sardinia, the prevalence of hepatitis B markers in children under 11 years was estimated at 1.7% and the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at 0.2%. A much higher prevalence of HBsAg was recently observed among adults in this area: 8.7% among men and 5.2% among pregnant women. This contrasting pattern is unlikely to be due to bias: the sampling procedures adopted were appropriate and the percentage of refusals was very low (2.2%). The observed low hepatitis B marker prevalence in young age groups might be the result of a cohort effect due to the improved socio-economic conditions and changes in behaviour that have occurred in Sardinia over the last few years. The finding of only 3 HBsAg+ individuals out of 1,826 children tested, in spite of the 5.2% HBsAg prevalence among pregnant women in that region, is probably attributable to the low proportion of HBeAg positive individuals among the HBsAg+ carrier mothers in this area. At present, immunization of all newborns in Sardinia cannot be recommended.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00156831
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Blood lead levels in children of S.W. Sardinia (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 5 (1989), S. 378-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Schlagwort(e): Blood lead ; Children ; Air pollution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to make a preliminary evaluation of blood lead levels in school-aged children from three towns of southwestern Sardinia, Portoscuso, S. Antioco and Calasetta, the first of which is very close to a large industrial complex. Blood lead concentration was determined in venous blood samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The survey revealed that children residing in the town of Portoscuso had higher mean blood lead levels (12.7 μg/dl) than children of the same age residing in S. Antioco and Calasetta (8.3 and 8.4 μg/ dl respectively) and that levels were slightly higher in males than in females. This difference is suggested to be a result of the greater fallout of industrial pollutants in the area of Portoscuso.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00144841
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The properties of spontaneous and evoked acoustic emissions in neonates and children: a preliminary report (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 246 (1989), S. 249-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Spontaneous acoustic emission ; Evoked acoustic emission ; Audiometric test ; Normative data ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Evoked acoustic emissions (EAEs) and spontaneous acoustic emissions (SAEs) recordings hold some promise as a fast, objective and non-invasive audiological procedure, especially in children. However, accurate interpretation in the emission response must be based on the basic properties of the emissions present in a younger age group. In so doing, the properties of emissions were investigated in 49 ears from 26 children, whose ages varied between 2 days and 10 years. EAEs could be recorded in all normal ears, but the incidence of long-duration EAEs decreased with age. There were no statistically significant variations in recording the EAEs detection threshold with age. The incidence of SAEs also decreased with age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00463565
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Surgical treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis in infants and children (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 246 (1989), S. 341-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Children ; Larynx ; Trachea ; Stenosis ; Laryngotracheoplasty
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Laryngotracheal stenosis in children is difficult to manage, especially in cases of acquired lesions. Of 317 cases reviewed, 75 surgical cases are reported here: 28 were congenital and 47 acquired, mostly due to endotracheal intubation. A large variety of laryngotracheoplasty techniques have been used in reconstruction, depending on the age and status of the patient, the size of the laryngeal lumen, the exact site of the stenosis and any associated anomalies. The three main techniques used have been described by Evans, Cotton, and Rethi, Stenting relied on Silastic rolls, Montgomery T-tubes and Aboulker Teflon prostheses. The results in 65 patients showed a decannulation rate of 92% in cases of congenital stenosis and 80% in acquired ones. Improvements in therapy still seem necessary in order to reduce the cannulation time following treatment and the sequelae producing dysphonia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00463590
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anatomical and surgical particularities of cholesteatomas in children (1989)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 246 (1989), S. 271-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Cholesteatoma ; Etiology ; Treatment ; Children
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In children, cholesteatoma is closely related to dysfunction of the eustachian tube and evolves inside a malleable temporal bone. The importance of auditory and speech functions in such patients has caused us to use a very particular clinical philosophy. At the present time we have studied 154 cases of cholesteatomas in children under 15 years old. The following three points have been shown: the pathogenesis of a cholesteatoma can be of the primary type, secondary (due to an unfavorable extension of retraction pocket or to squamous cell migration) or even be iatrogenic; anatomical and clinical findings (with X-ray studies) predicate the treatment used; surgical treatment frequently requires a “second-look” operation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00463572
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Novel substituted B2ElVIN2 heterocycles (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 19-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Bis(diorganoboryl)chalcogenides ; Pyrazaboles ; Pyrazoles ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Neuartige Substituierte B2ElVIN2 HeterocyclenDie Bis(diorganoboryl)chalkogenide (R2B)2O [R = C2H5 (3); R2 = 1,5-C8H14 (1)], (R2B)2S [R2 = 1,5-C8H14 (5)], und (R2B)2Se [R2 = 1,5-C8H14 (7)] reagieren mit Pyrazol (Pz) und dessen Derivaten 3-Methylpyrazol (3-MePz) und Indazol (benzo-Pz) in hohen Ausbeuten (65-92%) zu stabilen 1:1-Additionsverbindungen [z. B. 2 (El = O), 4 (El = O), 6 (El = S), 8 (El = Se)]. 1H-, 13C-, 11B-NMR-Spektren und Röntgenstrukturanalysen (von 2 und 6) zeigen eine Grundstruktur mit einem zentralen B2ElN2-Heterocyclus (El = O, S, Se). Die Reaktion von 2 mit R2BH und die Thermolyse von 4 führen zu den dimeren 1-Pyrazolylboranen 9a bzw. 9b.
    Notizen: The bis(diorganoboryl) chalcogenides (R2B)2O [R = C2H5 (3); R2 = 1,5-C8H14 (1)], (R2B)2S [R2 = 1,5-C8H14 (5)], and (R2B)2Se [R2 = 1,5-C8H14 (7)] react with pyrazole (Pz) and its derivatives 3-methylpyrazole (3-MePz) and indazole (benzo-Pz) to form in high yields (65-92%) stable 1:1 adducts [e.g. 2 (El = O), 4 (El = O), 6 (El = S) and 8 (El = Se)]. 1H-, 13C-, 11B-NMR spectra and X-ray analyses (of 2 and 6) show a basic structure with a central B2ElN2 (El = O, S, Se) heterocycle. The reaction of 2 with R2BH and the thermolysis of 4 give the dimeric 1-pyrazolylboranes 9a and 9b, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220104
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Extrem kurze Quecksilber-Quecksilber-Kontakte in peri-dimercurierten Naphthalinverbindungen (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Mercury - mercury contacts ; Naphthalenediylmercury compounds ; Organomercury compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Extremely Short Mercury-Mercury Contacts in peri-Dimercurated Naphthalene Compounds1-Naphthylmercury chloride (1) and 1,8-naphthalenediylbis(mercury chloride) (2) were prepared from the corresponding naphthyllithium precursors and HgCl2 in ca. 80% yield. In an alternative route, 2 can be obtained from 1,8-naphthalenediyldiboric acid anhydride and HgCl2 in 85% yield. The structure of 2·DMSO has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The lattice contains discrete adducts in which the two mercury atoms are bridged by the DMSO oxygen atom. The HgCl moieties are bent away from each other through distortions of the naphthalene framework and of the C—Hg—Cl axes, which results in a Hg ‥ Hg distance of 3.102(1) Å. - Symmetrization of 2, induced by treatment with NaI in aqueous ethanol, affords bis(μ-1,8-naphthalenediyl)dimercury (3). In the X-ray structure determination of this compound the shortest „non-bonding“ Hg·Hg contact reported in the literature has been detected: Hg1··Hg2 = 2.797(1) Å. The molecule also shows distortions in the naphthalene framework and in the C—Hg—C axes [C—Hg—C = 173.3(5)°].
    Notizen: 1-Naphthylquecksilberchlorid (1) und 1,8-Naphthalindiylbis-(quecksilberchlorid) (2) werden aus den zugehörigen Naphthyllithium-Verbindungen und HgCl2 mit ca. 80% Ausbeute erhalten. Alternativ kann 2 auch aus 1,8-Naphthalindiyldiborsäureanhydrid und HgCl2 gewonnen werden (Ausbeute 85%). Von 2·DMSO wurde die Kristallstruktur bestimmt. Es liegen diskrete Addukte vor, in denen die beiden Hg-Atome durch das O-Atom des DMSO überbrückt werden. Die HgCl-Einheiten sind durch Verzerrungen im Naphthalingerüst, durch Winkelung der Achsen C—Hg—Cl und durch deren Auslenkung aus der Naphthalinebene voneinander weggebogen, so daß ein Hg·· Hg-Kontakt von 3.102(1) Å resultiert. - 2 symmetrisiert sich bei der Einwirkung von NaI in wäßrigem Ethanol unter Bildung von Bis(μ-1,8-naphthalindiyl)diquecksilber (3). Bei der Strukturanalyse dieser im Kristall zentrosymmetrischen Verbindung wurde der bisher kürzeste „nichtbindende“ Hg··Hg-Kontakt von 2.797(1) Å gefunden. Auch in 3 sind die C—Hg—C-Achsen abgewinkelt [C—Hg—C = 173.3(5)°], und das Naphthalingerüst ist verzerrt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220106
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notizen N-Butyl-N′-dansylthioharnstoff als fluoreszierender Breitbandkomplexbildner (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 59-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): N-Butyl-N′-dansylthiourea ; Complexing agent, fluorescent ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: N-Butyl-N′-dansylthiourea as Fluorescent Broad-Band Complexing AgentN-Butyl-N′-dansylthiourea (2) [dansyl = 5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthylsulfonyl] is obtained by the reaction of dansylamide (1) with butyl isothiocyanate. The compound is a stable, fluorescent complex agent for a broad spectrum of metal ions. The UV spectra and fluorescence of the ligand and some metal complexes are discussed. The fluorescence of the dansyl group is strongly affected by metal ions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220110
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and Structure of Enaminecarbaldehydes and Enamino Ketones (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Enaminecarbaldehydes ; Enamino ketones ; hetero Diels-Alder reaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Synthese und Struktur von Enaminecarbaldehyden und Enamino KetonenDie Synthese der Enamincarbaldehyde 1a-s und 17a-c sowie der Enamino-Ketone 2a-k und deren N-Acyl-Derivate 19a-k und 21-t mit Elektronenacceptor-Substituenten an C-2 bzw an der CO-Gruppe wird beschrieben. Kondensation von 2-Formyl-3-oxopropansäure-methylester (13) mit Ammoniak und den Aminen 14b-s ergab die Enamincarbaldehyde 1a bzw. 1b-s in einer Ausbeute von 72-93%. Die Enamincarbaldehyde 17 konnten durch Formylierung von 15 mit dem gemischten Ameisensäureessigsäureanhydrid erhalten werden. Die Synthese der Enamino-Ketone 2a-k erfolgte mit einer Ausbeute von 61-97% durch Kondensation von Ammoniak und Aminen mit den Enolethern 24a-f, die durch Umsetzung reaktiver Acylchloride 23 mit Ethylvinyl-ether dargestellt wurden. Die für hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktionen benötigten N-Acyl-Derivate 19a-k und 21-t wurden durch Acylierung des Enamincarbaldehyds 1a und der Enamino-Ketone 2a-k gebildet.
    Notizen: The synthesis of enaminecarbaldehydes 1a-s and 17a-c as well as enamino ketones 2a-k, and their N-acyl derivatives 19a-k and 21-t with electron accepting substituents at C-2 and at the CO group, respectively, is described. Condensation of methyl 2-formyl-3-oxopropanoate (13) with ammonia and the amines 14b-s gave the enaminecarbaldehydes 1a and 1b-s, respectively, in 72-93% yield. The enaminecarbaldehydes 17 were obtained by formylation of 15 with acetic formic anhydride. The synthesis of the enamino ketones 2a-k was accomplished in 61-97% yield by reaction of ammonia and amines with the enol ethers 24a-f, which were formed by treatment of reactive acyl chlorides 23 with ethyl vinyl ether. The enaminecarbaldehyde 1a as well as the enamino ketones 2a-k could be acylated to give 19a-k and 2l-t, respectively, which can be used in the hetero Diels-Alder reaction.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220114
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemie der Triphenyl-(oder Tri-n-butyl-)pyridylphosphoniumsalze, 2. 2,4-Pyridindiylbis(phosphoniumsalze) (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Bis(phosphonium) salts ; Pyridylphosphonium salts, tri-n-butyl- and triphenyl- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chemistry of Triphenyl-(or Tri-n-butyl-)pyridylphosphonium salts, 2. - 2,4-Pyridinediylbis(phosphonium) Salts2,4-Pyridinediylbis(phosphonium) salts 1 react with nucleophiles to give 4-substituted products 6-8. Under radical reaction conditions the 5-position in 1a is attacked to yield 9. sodium azide transforms 1a into 8. This salt is used as starting material for 11. The removal of the phosphonium groups in 1 and in the resulting products can be carried out selectively.
    Notizen: 2,4-Pyridindiylbis(phosphoniumsalze) 1 lassen sich mit nucleophilen Reaktionspartnern in die 4-substituierten Produkte 6-8 überführen. Unter radikalischen Bedingungen wird selektiv die 5-Position in 1a unter Bildung von 9 angegriffen. Nach Umsetzung mit Natriumazid entsteht zunächst das Salz 8, das als Ausgangsverbindung für 11 dient. Die Substitution der Phosphoniumgruppen aus den Edukten 1 und Produkten kann selektiv durchgeführt werden.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220119
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ozonolysen von 1-Methylcyclopenten, 1-Methylcyclobuten, 5-Hexen-2-on und Naturkautschuk im Beisein von Methanol (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Cycloalkenes, 1-methyl- ; Ozonolysis ; Peroxyhemiacetals, cyclic ; Rubber, natural ; Tetrahydrofurans, 2-hydroperoxy- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ozonolyses of 1-Methylcyclopentene, 1-Methylcyclobutene, 5-Hexen-2-one and Natural Rubber in the Presence of MethanolOzonolyses of 1-methylcyclopentene (8a) and of 1-methylcyclobutene (8b) in methanol proceeded in each case in the two possible directions. The resulting methoxyperoxides 13 and 14 afforded the corresponding peroxyhemiacetals 15 and 19 by intramolecular reactions of the OOH with the corresponding carbonyl groups. Ozonolysis of 1-methylcyclobutene (8b) additionally gave the corresponding ozonide 17b and 2-hydroperoxy-5-methoxy-2-methyl-as well as 5-hydroperoxy-2-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran (16b and 18b). The mode of formation of these hydroperoxy compounds has been elucidated by ozonolyses of 5-hexen-2-one (25) and of natural rubber (28) in the presence of methanol.
    Notizen: Ozonolysen von 1-Methylcyclopenten (8a) und von 1-Methylcyclobuten (8b) in Methanol verliefen jeweils nach beiden möglichen Spaltungsrichtungen. Die dabei gebildeten Methoxyhydroperoxide 13 und 14 ergaben durch intramolekulare Reaktionen der OOH- mit den Carbonylgruppen die entsprechenden Peroxyhalbacetale 15 bzw. 19. Bei der Ozonolyse von 1-Methylcyclobuten (8b) wurden zusätzlich das entsprechende Ozonid 17b sowie 2-Hydroperoxy-5-methoxy-2-methyl- und 5-Hydroperoxy-2-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran (16b und 18b) gebildet. Die Bildungsweise dieser Hydroperoxy-Verbindungen wurde durch Ozonolysen von 5-Hexen-2-on (25) und von Naturkautschuk (28) im Beisein von Methanol aufgeklärt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220123
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthese neuer 3-substituierter Pyrrole (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Synthesis of New 3-substituted PyrrolesThe synthesis of 3-alkyl- (4), 3-(ω-bromoalkyl)- (5), 3-iodo- (6), 3-formyl- (9a), 3-acetyl-1-(triisopropylsilyl)pyrrole (9b), of 2-[1-(triisopropylsilyl)-3-pyrrolyl]-2-propanol (7), 1-(triisopropylsilyl)-3-pyrrolecarboxylic acid (8), and 7-[1-(triisopropylsilyl)-3-pyrrolyl]heptanoic acid (10) as well as the desilylation of these products to the corresponding 3-substituted pyrroles 11 is described. Intermediates in these syntheses are 1-(triisopropylsilyl)pyrrole (1), 3-bromo- (2), and 3-lithio-1-(triisopropylsilyl)pyrrole (3).
    Notizen: Die Synthese von 3-Alkyl- (4), 3-(ω-Bromalkyl)- (5), 3-Iod- (6), 3-Formyl- (9a) und 3-Acetyl-1-(triisopropylsilyl)pyrrol (9b), von 2-[1-(Triisopropylsilyl)-3-pyrrolyl]-2-propanol (7), 1-(Triisopropylsilyl)-3-pyrrolcarbonsäure (8) und 7-[1-(Triisopropylsilyl)-3-pyrrolyl]heptansäure (10) sowie die Desilylierung dieser Produkte zu den entsprechenden 3-substituierten Pyrrolen 11 wird beschrieben. Zwischenstufen der Darstellung sind 1-(Triisopropylsilyl)pyrrol (1), 3-Brom- (2) und 3-Lithio-1-(triisopropylsilyl)pyrrol (3).
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220126
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220201
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Übergangsmetall-Silyl-Komplexe, 26. Gold(I)-Silyl-Komplexe (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Gold(I) silyl complexes ; Transition-metal silyl complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Transition-Metal Silyl Complexes, 26. - Gold(I) Silyl ComplexesComplexes of type L-Au-SiR3 with L = PR′3 or PhNC and SiR3 = Si(aryl)3, Si(SiMe3)3, or SiPh2Me are prepared by reaction of L-Au-Cl with LiSiR3. Depending on L and R, their stability decreases, in the order R′3P-Au-Si(aryl)3 〉 R′3P-Au-Si(SiMe3)3 〉 R′3P-Au-SiPh2Me ≈ PhNC-Au-SiR3. Reaction of R′3P-Au-CH3 or R′3P-Au-OAc with HSiR3 does not yield silyl complexes. However, using chlorinated silanes like HSiR2Cl, CH3/Cl or OAc/Cl exchange takes place. The Mössbauer spectrum of MePh2P-Au-SiPh3 (6) and NMR- and IR-spectroscopic investigations show that silyl groups act as strong σ donors towards the gold atom. MePh2P-Au-SiPh3 (6) and MePh2P-Au-Si(SiMe3)3 (7) have been characterized by X-ray structure analyses [Au—Si 235.4(4) and 235.6(2) pm]. The Au-Si bond in MePh2P-Au-SiPh2Tol (5) is cleaved by X2 (X = Cl, Br, I), HCl or MeI, but not by H2O or MeOH.
    Notizen: Komplexe des Typs L-Au-SiR3 mit L = PR′3 oder PhNC und SiR3 = Si(aryl)3, Si(SiMe3)3 oder SiPh2Me wurden durch Umsetzung von L-Au-Cl mit LiSiR3 dargestellt. Ihre Stabilität sinkt in Abhängigkeit von L und R in der Reihenfolge R′3P-Au-Si(aryl)3 〉 R′3P-Au-Si(SiMe3)3 〉 R′3P-Au-SiPh2Me ≈ PhNC-Au-SiR3. Umsetzung von R′3P-Au-CH3 oder R′3P-Au-OAc mit HSiR3 ergibt keine Silyl-Komplexe, bei Verwendung chlorierter Silane, HSi-R2Cl, findet lediglich CH3/Cl- bzw. OAc/Cl-Austausch statt. Das Mößbauer-Spektrum von MePh2P-Au-SiPh3 (6) sowie NMR- und IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß Silylreste als starke σ-Donor-Liganden gegenüber dem Goldatom wirken. MePh2P-Au-SiPh3 (6) und MePh2P-Au-Si(SiMe3)3 (7) wurden durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen charakterisiert [Au—Si 235.4(4) und 235.6(2) pm]. Die Au—Si-Bindung in MePh2P-Au-SiPh2 Tol (5) wird durch X2 (X = Cl, Br, I), HCl oder MeI, nicht aber durch H2O oder MeOH gespalten.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220203
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reaktionen von Germylenen mit Aziden: Iminogermane, Azidogermane, Tetrazagermole und Hexaazadigermadispirododecane (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 245-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Germylenes ; Germanium nitrogen compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Reactions of Germylenes with Azides: Iminogermanes, Azidogermanes, Tetrazagermoles and HexaazadigermadispirododecanesGermylenes, X2Ge, stabilized by steric blocking and/or incorporation into five-membered ring systems, react with azido compounds YN3 depending on the steric requirements of the substituents X and Y to give iminogermanes, X2Ge=NY (1, 2) azidogermanes X2Ge(N3)NY2 (6-8) tetrazagermoles, X2Ge(— NY — N =)2 (10-16), and hexaazadigermadispirododecanes, [(— NR — CH2 — CH2 — NR —)Ge(μ-NY -)]2 (17, 18). NMR (1H, 13C, 14N, 15N, and 29Si), MS data, and X-ray structure analyses of the compounds 8, 9, 16, and 18 are reported.
    Notizen: Durch sterische Blockierung und/oder Einbau in fünfgliedrige Ringsysteme stabilisierte Germylene, X2Ge, reagieren mit Azidoverbindungen, YN3, in Abhängigkeit von der Raumerfüllung der Substituenten X und Y zu Iminogermanen X2 Ge=NY (1, 2), Azidogermanen, X2Ge(N3)NY2 (6′8), Tetrazagermolen, X2Ge-(-NY-N=)2 (10-16), bzw. Hexaazadigermadispirododecanen, [(—NR—CH2—CH2—NR— )Ge(μ-NY-)]2 (17, 18). NMR-(1H, 13C, 14N, 15N und 29Si), MS-Daten und Röntgenstrukturanalysen für die Verbindungen 8, 9, 16 und 18 sind angegeben.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220206
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    (Trifluormethyl)germane, III. Darstellung neuer (Trifluormethyl)germanium-Chalkogen-Verbindungen (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Chalcogenogermanes, (trifluoromethyl)- ; Disilaselenanes ; Germachalcogenanes, bis(trifluoromethyl)- ; Germanes, (trifluoromethyl)- ; Germatranes, (trifluoromethyl)- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: (Trifluormethyl)germanes, III. - Preparation of New (Trifluormethyl)germanium Chalcogene CompoundsStarting with the dihalogenobis(trifluoromethyl)germanes (CF3)2-GeX2 (X = Cl, or I), halogen-chalcogen exchange leads to corresponding chalcogen derivatives of the general type [(CF3)2GeE]n (6, 7) (E = O, NH, S, or Se). The resulting compounds differ in their degree of polymerisation. [(CF3)2GeO]x and the corresponding sesquioxane [(CF3)GeO1, 5]x are highly polymeric, quite in contrast to the corresponding germathianes and -selenanes. The crystal structure of [(CF3)2GeO]x (6a) was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The reaction of CF3GeCl3 with triethanolamine results in the formation of 1-(trifluoromethyl)germatrane (13). Disilaselenane (10) reacts at low temperatures with chloro-(trifluoromethyl)germanes (CF3)nGeCl4-n under retention of one Si—Se bond to give (CF3)nGe(SeSiH3)4-n (11) and H3SiCl. Compounds with n = 3 and 2 could be isolated. Exchange of iodine by ECF3 takes place with iodogermanes (CF3)nGeI4-n and Hg(ECF3)2 (E = S, Se) with formation of a complete series of (trifluoromethyl)(trifluoromethylchalcogeno)germanes (CF3)nGe-(ECF3)4-n (3, 5).
    Notizen: Durch Halogen-Chalkogen-Austauschreaktionen an (CF3)2)GeX2 (X = Cl, I) wurden Bis(trifluormethyl)germachalkogenane [(CF3)2GeE]n (6, 7) E = O, NH, S, Se) von unterschiedlichem Oligomerisierungsgrad erhalten. Die Germoxane [(CF3)2GeO]x und (CF3GeO1,5)x sind im Gegensatz zu den homologen Germathianen und -selenanen polymer, wobei die Struktur von [(CF3)2GeO]x (6a) durch eine Kristallstrukturanalyse ermittelt wurde. Durch Umsetzung von CF3GeCl3 mit Triethanolamin wird 1-(Trifluormethyl)germatran (13) erhalten. Disilaselenan (10) reagiert bei tiefen Temperaturen mit den Chlor (trifluormethyl)-germanen (CF3)nGeCl4-n monofunktionell unter Erhalt einer Si—Se-Bindung zu (CF3)nGe(SeSiH3)4-n (11) und H3SiCl, von denen die Verbindungen mit n = 3 und 2 isoliert werden konnten. Reaktionen der Iodgermane (CF3)nGeI4-n(1) mit Hg(ECF3)2) (E = S, Se) führen unter Substitution des Iods gegen die ECF3-Gruppen zur vollständigen Reihe der (Trifluormethyl)(trifluormethylchalkogeno)germane (CF3)nGe(ECF3)4-n (3, 5).
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220210
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and Properties of a (Phthalocyaninato)copper(II) Complex Symmetrically Substituted with Eight Crown Ethers (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 291-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): (Phthalocyaninato)copper complex, substituted with crown ethers ; Alkali metal extraction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A soluble (phthalocyaninato)copper(II) complex containing eight symmetrical benzo-15-crown-5 substituents, namely {2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis[[benzo-15-crown-5)-4′ -yl]oxymethyl]phthalocyaninato}copper(II) (2) from 1,2-bis{[benzo-15-crown-5)-4′-yl]oxymethyl}-4,5-dibromobenzene (1) and CuCN in quinoline or pyridine was synthesized. The crown-ether groups in 2 were shown to prefer intramolecular complexation with alkali metal ions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220214
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sterische Hinderung der C—C-Rotation durch zwei SF5-Gruppen (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 463-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): C—C Rotation ; Sterical hindrance by SF5 groups ; Rotational barriers ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Sterical Hindrance of the C—C Rotation by two SF5 GroupsAddition of SF5Cl to SF5CH=CF2 gives products carrying two SF5 groups on one carbon atom. As a consequence, C—C single bond rotation is strongly hindered. The highest rotational barrier observed is 61.7 kJ mol-1, rotational isomers are hence detectable at room temperature.
    Notizen: Die Addition von SF5Cl an SF5CH=CF2 ergibt Produkte, die zwei SF5-Gruppen an einem Kohlenstoff tragen. In diesen kommt es zu einer starken Hinderung der Rotation um die C—C-Einfachbindung. Die höchste Rotationsbarriere wird mit 61.7 kJ mol-1 gefunden, d. h. Rotationsisomere sind bei Raumtemperatur getrennt nachweisbar.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220311
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthese, Struktur und Reaktionen von 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-1,2,3,6-diphosphadiborin-Derivaten (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 467-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Tetracarbonylchromium complexes ; 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-1,2,3,6-diphosphadiborine derivatives ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactions of 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-1,2,3,6-diphosphadiborine DerivativesThe 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1,2,3,6-diphosphadiborine derivatives 3a and 3b are obtained by cyclocondensation of 1,2-bis[chloro(dialkylamino)boryl]ethenes 2 and 1,2-dipotassium 1,2-di-tert-butyldiphosphanediide. As in the case of 2,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,5-phosphadiborole derivatives 1 the temperature-dependent 1H-NMR spectra of 3b exhibit a lowered barrier of inversion at phosphorus. The X-ray structure analysis of 3b shows, that the six-membered C2B2P2 ring is nonplanar and the P atoms are coordinated pyramidally. Attempts to substitute the dialkylamino groups at the boron atoms of 3a and 3b with HCl·Et2O or tBuLi lead to cleavage of the B—P bonds. Reaction between 3a or 3b and Cr(CO)3(MeCN)3 does not result in the formation of tricarbonylchromium complexes but of tetracarbonylchromium complexes 6a and 6b with pentahapto-bonded ligands 3a and 3b.
    Notizen: Die 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-1,2,3,6-diphosphadiborin-Derivate 3a und 3b entstehen durch Cyclokondensation aus 1,2-Bis[chlor(dialkylamino)boryl]ethenen 2 und 1,2-Dikalium-1,2-di-tert-butyldiphosphandiid. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der 1H-NMR-Spektren von 3b dokumentiert wie bei 2,5-Dihydro-1H-1,2,5-phosphadiborol-Derivaten 1 eine erniedrigte Phosphor-Inversionsbarriere. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 3b zeigt, daß der C2B2P2-Sechsring im Kristall nicht eben ist und daß die P-Atome pyramidal koordiniert sind. Versuche zur Substitution der Dialkylaminogruppen an den Boratomen von 3a und 3b mit HCl·Et2O oder tBuLi führen zur Spaltung der B—P-Bindungen. Die Umsetzung von 3a bzw. 3b mit Cr(CO)3(MeCN)3 ergibt keine Tricarbonylchrom-Komplexe, sondern die Tetracarbonylchrom-Komplexe 6a bzw. 6b, in denen die Liganden 3a und 3b pentahapto gebunden sind.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220312
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Organische Synthesen mit Übergangsmetallkomplexen, 34 Neuartiger Aufbau von C = C-Bindungen durch Kondensation von Carbenkomplexen mit Säureamiden unter Insertion von C2-Einheiten in M=C-Bindungen (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Organic Synthesis via Transition Metal Complexes, 34. - Novel Formation of C=C Bonds by Condensation of Acid Amides with Carbene Complexes Involving an Insertion of C2 Units into M=C BondsCarben complexes LnM=C(OEt)C6H5 1 [LnM = Cr(CO)5, Mo(CO)5, W(CO)5] and acid amides RCH2CONMe2 2 undergo a novel condensation reaction in presence of POCl3/Et3N to give alkenyl aminocarbene complexes 3. The reaction involves an insertion of a C2 unit of 2 into the M=C bond of 1 to give a C=C bond. It can be achieved with open-chain and cyclic amides like N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (8). the structures of the complexes have been determined spectroscopically. A mechanism of the reaction is suggested.
    Notizen: Carbenkomplexe LnM=C(OEt)C6H5 1 [LnM = Cr(CO)5, Mo(CO)5, W(CO)5] lassen sich mit Säureamiden RCH2CONMe2 2 und POCl3/Et3N zu Alkenyl-Aminocarben-Komplexen 3 kondensieren. Dabei wird eine C2-Einheit von 2 in die M=C-Bindung von 1 eingeschoben und eine C=C-Bindung neu geknüpft. Die Reaktion gelingt mit offenkettigen und cyclischen Amiden wie N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidon (8). Die Strukturen der Komplexe wurden spektroskopisch ermittelt und Vorschläge zur Deutung des Reaktionsablaufs gemacht.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220226
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Azulen und 1,6-Methano[10]annulen als Dienophile in der Diels-Alder-Reaktion mit 3,6-Bis(trifluormethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazin (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 711-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Azulenes ; 1,6-Methano[10]annulenes ; 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine ; [4 + 2] Cycloadditions, „inverse“ ; Pyridazines, annulated ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Azulene and 1,6-Methano[10]annulene as Dienophiles in the Diels-Alder Reaction with 3,6-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazineThe LUMO-diene-controlled [4 + 2] cycloadditions of azulene (2) and 1,6-methano[10]annulene (14) with the electron-deficient s-cisfixed diazadiene system of 3,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (1) are described. Contrary to expectation, 1 reacts under unusually mild conditions with 2 (or its valence tautomer 3) to yield the adduct 4 which after N2 elimination rearranges to the benzo[f]phthalazine 11. The Diels-Alder reaction of 1 with 14 (or its valence tautomer 13) leads to the annulated dihydropyridazines 15 and 16, which can be dehydrogenated by silver(I) oxide to the methano-bridged aromatic cyclodecapyridazine 17 and the olefinic phthalazino[5,6-f]phthalazine 18, respectively. Besides, the methano-bridged cyclodeca[d]pyridazine 24 is prepared.
    Notizen: LUMO-Dien-kontrollierte [4 + 2]-Cycloadditionen von Azulen (2) und 1,6-Methano[10]annulen (14) an das elektronenarme, s-cis-fixierte Diazadiensystem von 3,6-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazin (1) werden beschrieben. Wider Erwarten reagiert 1 unter ungewöhnlich milden Bedingungen mit 2 (oder dessen Valenztautomerem 3) zum Addukt 4, das nach N2-Eliminierung und nachfolgender Umlagerung das Benzo[f]phthalazin 11 liefert. Die Diels-Alder-Reaktion von 1 mit 14 (oder dessen Valenztautomer 13) führt zu den beiden anellierten Dihydropyridazinen 15 und 16, die mit Silber(I)-oxid zu dem Methano-überbrückten aromatischen Cyclodecapyridazin 17 bzw. dem olefinischen Phthalazino[5,6-f]phthalazin 18 dehydriert werden können. Daneben wird das Methano-überbrückte Cyclodeca[d]pyridazin 24 dargestellt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220418
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the Thermal Cycloisomerization of Long-Chain Alkylacetylenes in the Gas Phase (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 715-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Alkyne ; Carbene ; Cycloisomerization ; Pyrolysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Über die thermische Cycloisomerisierung langkettiger Alkylacetylene in der GasphaseDie thermische Cycloisomerisierung einiger Alkylacetylene wurde in einem Laborrohrreaktor aus Quarzglas untersucht. 1-Hexin (1) wird dabei durch 1,2-H-Verschiebung und 1,5-C,H-Insertion des intermediär gebildeten Pentylidencarbens (vgl. Schema 1) in 3-Methyl-1-cyclopenten (5) umgelagert. 5-Methyl-1-hexin (2) reagiert analog; es entsteht 3,3-Dimethyl-1-cyclopenten (6). Im Gegensatz zur Bildung von in 3-Stellung methylierten Cyclopentenen aus 1-Alkinen ensteht aus 2-Hexin (3) 1-Methyl-1-cyclopenten (7). Offenbar ist die Acetylen-Vinyliden-Umlagerung nicht auf 1,2-H-Verschiebung beschränkt. Der Mechanismus der Cycloisomerisierung von Alkylacetylenen wird durch Untersuchungen mit D-markierten Alkinen bestätigt. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluß zu, daß die Cycloisomerisierung ohne weiteres mit dem überwiegend nach einem Radikalketten-Mechanismus verlaufenden thermischen Zerfall konkurrieren kann.
    Notizen: The thermal cycloisomerization of some alkylacetylenes was investigated in a tubular quartz reactor. At 570°C 1-hexyne (1) rearranges to 3-methyl-1-cyclopentene (5) with a selectivity of about 27 by a reaction sequence including an acetylene-vinylidene rearrangement and 1,5-C,H insertion of the intermediately formed alkylidenecarbene species. 5-methyl-1-hexyne (2) behaves analogously forming 3,3-dimethyl-1-cyclopentene (6), while 2-hexyne (3) provides 1-methyl-1-cyclopentene (7) indicating that the acetylene-vinylidene rearrangement is obviously not restricted to 1,2-H shifts. The mechanism of the cycloisomerization of alkylacetylenes is investigated by means of D-labeled parent alkynes. The results show that the unimolecular cycloisomerization via alkylidenecarbenes obviously can be an important channel despite the dominance of a radical chain course.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220419
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Methoxy- and Aminoisocyanate (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 745-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Flash Pyrolysis ; Matrix IR spectroscopy ; Photolysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Methoxy- und AminoisocyanatMethoxyisocyanat (1) kann durch Photolyse von Azidoameisensäure-methylester (3) oder Pyrolyse von N-Methoxycarbonyl-O-methylhydroxylamin (4) dargestellt werden. Aminoisocyanat (2) ist auf ähnliche Weise durch Photolyse von Carbamoylazid (12) und Pyrolyse von Carbazinsäure-methylester (13) oder 3,4-Diaminofurazan (14) zugänglich. Die IR-Spektren von 1 und 2, aufgenommen in einer Argon-Matrix bei 10 K, werden diskutiert.
    Notizen: Methoxyisocyanate (1) can be prepared by photolysis of methyl azidoformate (3) or pyrolysis of N-methoxycarbonyl-O-methyl-hydroxylamine (4). Aminoisocyanate (2) is similarly formed on photolysis of carbamoyl azide (12) and pyrolysis of either methyl carbazate (13) or 3,4-diaminofurazan (14). The infrared spectra of 1 and 2 in an argon matrix at 10 K have been measured, and some of their properties are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220423
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Infrared Spectra and Photochemistry of Isodiazene and Its Deuterated Isotopomers (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 749-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Matrix isolation ; Photochemistry ; Theoretical vibrational spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Infrarot-Spektren und Photochemie von Isodiazen und seinen deuterierten IsotopomerenDie Matrixisolation von Aminoisocyanat eröffnet einen neuen ergiebigen Weg zur Darstellung von Isodiazen (Aminonitren). Damit ist es möglich geworden, nicht nur sein IR-Spektrum eindeutig festzulegen und mit Hilfe von ab-initio-Rechnungen zu interpretieren, sondern auch seine Photochemie zu untersuchen.
    Notizen: The matrix isolation of aminoisocyanate opens a new efficient route for the preparation of isodiazene (aminonitrene). Its infrared spectrum can now, with the help of ab initio calculations, be interpreted, and its photochemistry can be studied.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220424
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Further Thienylchalcones, II (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 795-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Thiochalcones ; Thienylchalcones ; Fries rearrangement ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Four new thienylchalcones (1, 4, 5, and 6) were synthesized by condensing hydroxy-nitroacetophenones with 2-thiophene and 3-thiophenecarboxaldehydes in the presence of dilute NaOH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220428
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Valenzisomerisierungen, 17. Persubstituierte cis-9,10-Dihydronaphthaline und ihre Valenzisomerisierungen (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 767-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Molecular twisting ; cis-9,10-Dihydronaphthalenes, persubstituted ; Valence isomerizations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Valence Isomerizations, 17. - Persubstituted cis-9,10-Dihydronaphthalenes and their Valence IsomerizationsThe tricyclic diester 10 is available from 2-butyne in a six-step synthesis with an overall yield of 10%. Thermolysis of 10 gives the bicyclic diester 11 which upon UV irradiation yields 12 as the first persubstituted cis-9,10-dihydronaphthalene. X-ray analysis of 12 shows the molecule considerably twisted along the central bond. In addition, the planes of the ester groups are at an angle of approximately 60° to the „planes“ of the six-membered rings so that conjugation of the diene systems with the carbonyl functions is virtually interrupted, an effect which is reflected by the unusual spectroscopic properties of 12. The same structural features can be found in decamethyl-cis-9,10-dihydronaphthalene (16). When heated slightly, 12 is converted to the tetracyclic valence isomer 34. On reduction of 12 with diisobutylaluminum hydride both, dihydronaphthalene dicarbinol 25 as well as its unexpected positional isomer 26, are formed depending on the reaction conditions. Etherification of the reduction products with CH2N2/Et2O—BF3 furnishes a mixture of the three isomeric bis(methoxymethyl) compounds 31, 32 and 33. They can be separated by chromatography in the cold, but revert to the mixture of the three isomers at room temperature. We consider diradical 38 to be the intermediate of this intriguing valence isomerization.
    Notizen: Der tricyclische Diester 10 ist in sechs Stufen in einer Gesamtausbeute von 10% aus 2-Butin zugänglich. Thermolyse von 10 liefert den Bicyclus 11, bei dessen UV-Bestrahlung das erste persubstituierte cis-9,10-Dihydronaphtalin 12 gebildet wird. Eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 12 beweist die starke Verdrillung des Moleküls um die zentrale Bindung. Die Ebenen der Ester-Gruppen stehen ungefähr in einem 60°-Winkel zu den Sechsring-„Ebenen“, so daß die Konjugation der Dien-Systeme mit den Carbonyl-Funktionen praktisch unterbrochen ist, ein Effekt, der sich in den ungewöhnlichen spektroskopischen Eigenschaften von 12 widerspiegelt. Analoge Strukturmerkmale gelten auch für das Decamethyl-cis-9,10-dihydronaphthalin (16). Bicyclus 12 wandelt sich bei leichtem Erwärmen in den valenzisomeren Tetracyclus 34 um. Reduktion von 12 mit Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid gibt je nach den Reaktionsbedingungen das Dihydronaphthalindicarbinol 25 bzw. das unerwartete Stellungsisomere 26. Veretherung der Reduktionsprodukte mit CH2N2/Et2O—BF3 liefert ein Gemisch der drei isomeren Bis(methoxymethyl)-Verbindungen 31, 32 und 33, die chromatographisch in der Kälte trennbar sind, aber schon bei Raumtemperatur wieder das Gemisch der drei Isomeren zurückbilden, wobei das Diradikal 38 als Zwischenprodukt dieser erstaunlichen Valenzisomerisierung anzunehmen ist.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220426
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strukturen von Pentaarylbismut-Verbindungen (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 803-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Bismuth organic compounds ; Fluorinated aromatic rings ; Square pyramidal bismuth ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Structures of Pentaarylbismuth CompoundsPentaarylbismuth compounds were synthesized by the known reaction Ar3BiX2 + 2 Ar′Li → 2 LiX + BiAr3Ar′2. Whenever possible they were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determination. In two cases almost ideal square-pyramidal geometry was found, in a third case there were two different molecules in the unit cell, both again with square-pyramidal geometry. None of these novel bismuth pentaaryls exhibit the deep coloration and the dichroism of Bi(C6H5)5.
    Notizen: Pentaarylbismut- Verbindungen wurden durch die bekannte Reaktion BiAr3X2 + 2 Ar′Li → 2 LiX + BiAr3Ar′2 hergestellt und, soweit möglich, durch Röntgenbeugung an Einkristallen strukturell untersucht. In zwei Fällen erwies sich die Struktur als nahezu ideal quadratisch-pyramidal, in einem dritten Fall wurden zwei unterschiedliche Moleküle im Kristall gefunden, die aber beide wiederum quadratisch-pyramidal sind. Keines der hier vorgestellten neuen Bismutpentaaryle zeigt die tiefe Färbung und den Dichroismus von Bi(C6H5)5.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220502
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Über sterisch gehinderte freie Radikale, XIX. Stabile 4,4′,4″-trisubstituierte Triphenylmethyl-Radikale (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 533-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Free radicals ; Triphenylmethyl radicals ; ESR measurements ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Sterically Hindered Free Radicals, XIX. - Stable 4,4′,4″-Trisubstituted Triphenylmethyl RadicalsThe title radicals (4-R—C6H4)3C. (1), R = F, Cl, Ph, OMe, NO2, tBu, OEt, SMe, CN, CF3, have been prepared, the latter four for the first time, and the ESR spectra have been recorded. aoH, amH, and apR are listed. The intensities of the ESR signals remain constant within the accessible range of -30 to + 100°C. Within this range these radicals are kinetically stable and do not dimerize like other trityls by, e.g., α,p-, α,o-, α,α -recombinations.
    Notizen: Die Titelradikale (4-R—C6H4)3C· (1), R = F, Cl, Ph, OMe, NO2, tBu, OEt, SMe, CN, CF3, wurden dargestellt, davon die vier letzten erstmalig, und mittels ESR-Spektroskopie vermessen. aoH, amH und apR werden angegeben. Die ESR-Signale bleiben im gesamten zugänglichen Temperaturbereich - 30 bis + 100°C in ihrer Intensität unverändert. Daraus folgt, daß alle diese Radikale im genannten Temperaturbereich kinetisch stabil sind, also nicht wie andere Trityle zu Dimerisierungen, etwa α,p-, α,o-, α,α-, neigen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220322
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neuartige Produkte der Weiss-Reaktion von 1,2-Cyclopentandion Verbesserte Herstellung von [3.3.3]Propellan-3,7-dion (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 523-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Dicyclopenta-s-indacene ; 2-Osxa[3.3.3]propellane derivatives ; Pentalene derivatives ; [3.3.3]Propellane-3,7-dione ; Weiss reaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Novel Products in the Weiss Reaction of 1,2-Cyclopentanedione. Improved Preparation of [3.3.3]Propellane-3,7-dioneThe reaction of 1,2-cyclopentanedione (1c, 9) with the 3-oxoglutarate 4 in methanol/water in the presence of sodium bicarbonate followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation of the product mixture affords the oxa[3.3.3]propellane ester 11c in addition to the [3.3.3]propellanedione 6c. The alkali enolates of 4 react with 9 in boiling methanol to yield the yellow, poorly soluble alkali dihydropentalenolates 12M and the [3.3.3]propellane tetraester 5c, which on hydrolysis and decarboxylation yields 53% of 6c. The dihydropentalenol 12H equilibrates with the tautomeric β-oxodiester 13, the proportion of which increases with solvent polarity. In methanol solutions, 12H and 13 add diastereoselectively forming the dicyclopenta-s-indacene tetraester syn-14, which is derived from a novel pentacyclic ring system. The configuration of syn-14 is determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The mechanisms of formation are discussed for 11c, 12M, and syn-14.
    Notizen: Nach Umsetzung von 1,2-Cyclopentandion (1c, 9) mit dem 3-Oxoglutarsäureester 4 in Methanol/Wasser in Gegenwart von Natriumhydrogencarbonat, saurer Hydrolyse und Decarboxylierung des Produktgemischs erhält man neben dem [3.3.3]Propellandion 6c den Oxa[3.3.3]propellanester 11c. Die Alkali-Enolate von 4 reagieren mit 9 in siedendem Methanol zu den gelben, schwer löslichen Dihydropentalenolaten 12M und dem [3.3.3]Propellantetraester 5c, der nach Hydrolyse und Decarboxylierung 53% 6c ergibt. Das Dihydropentalenol 12H liegt im Gleichgewicht mit dem tautomeren β-Oxodiester 13 vor, dessen Anteil mit der Polarität des Lösungsmittels zunimmt. In Methanol addieren sich 12H und 13 diastereoselektiv und bilden den Dicyclopenta-s-indacentetraester syn-14, der sich von einem neuartigen, pentacyclischen Ringsystem ableitet. Die Konfiguration von syn-14 wird durch Röntgenstrukturbestimmung aufgeklärt. Die Mechanismen der Bildung von 11c, 12M und syn-14 werden diskutiert.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220321
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
    Volltext
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...