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  • 1995-1999  (915)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage analysis of candidate myelin genes in familial multiple sclerosis (1999)
    Springer
    Neurogenetics 2 (1999), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1364-6753
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Genetics ; Myelin basic protein ; Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein ; Proteolipid protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. A complex genetic etiology is thought to underlie susceptibility to this disease. The present study was designed to analyze whether differences in genes that encode myelin proteins influence susceptibility to MS. We performed linkage analysis of MS to markers in chromosomal regions that include the genes encoding myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMGP), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in a well-characterized population of 65 multiplex MS families consisting of 399 total individuals, 169 affected with MS and 102 affected sibpairs. Physical mapping data permitted placement of MAG and PLP genes on the Genethon genetic map; all other genes were mapped on the Genethon genetic map by linkage analysis. For each gene, at least one marker within the gene and/or two tightly linked flanking markers were analyzed. Marker data analysis employed a combination of genetic trait model-dependent (parametric) and model-independent linkage methods. Results indicate that MAG, MBP, OMGP, and PLP genes do not have a significant genetic effect on susceptibility to MS in this population. As MOG resides within the MHC, a potential role of the MOG gene could not be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100480050076
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The neurofibromatoses. An overview (1999)
    Springer
    Italian journal of neurological sciences 20 (1999), S. 89-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1126-5442
    Keywords: Key words Neurofibromatosis ; Nf1 ; Nf2 ; Mosaic/segmental neurofibromatosis ; Variants ; Classification ; Neurological manifestations ; Genetics ; Childhood ; Adulthood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The last two decades have seen clinical and molecular delineation of the different forms of neurofibromatosis. Differentiation of these forms is not just an academic exercise: their natural history, management and genetic counselling are quite different. Of the numerical classifications of neurofibromatosis proposed in the past, only neurofibromatosis type 1 (Nf1) and neurofibromatosis type 2 (Nf2) are now well delineated clinically and have been shown to be distinct at the molecular level. For both forms of neurofibromatosis, patients with clinical generalised disease have been demonstrated to be mosaic at the molecular level, and features of segmental or mosaic Nf1 and Nf2 have been delineated. Other reported forms of neurofibromatosis are rarer; they include Watson syndrome, hereditary spinal neurofibromatosis, familial intestinal neurofibromatosis, autosomal dominant café-au-lait spots alone, autosomal dominant neurofibromas alone, and schwannomatosis, the latter believed to be a variant of Nf2. Further delineation is neeeded for individuals having overlapping features of Noonan's syndrome and neurofibromatosis (the so-called Noonan/neurofibromatosis syndrome) and the syndrome of “multiple naevi, multiple schwannomas and multiple vaginal leiomyomas”. In this article we review the forms of neurofibromatosis which we believe are true clinical entities. Particular attention is given to the neurological manifestations of neurofibromatosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100720050017
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion due to phosphofructo-1-kinase-deficiency in humans (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 77 (1999), S. 96-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Diabetes ; Genetics ; Phosphofructokinase ; Glycogenosis ; NIDDM ; PFK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is usually explained as a combination of peripheral insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell function. Phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK1) is a rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis, and its muscle subtype (PFK1-M) deficiency leads to an autosomal recessively inherited disorder known as glycogenosis type VII or Tarui’s disease. It was evaluated whether PFK1-M deficiency leads to NIDDM in humans. A core family of four was evaluated for PFK1-M deficiency by DNA- and enzyme-activity-analyses. All members underwent oral and intravenous glucose tolerance test (oGTT/ivgtt), as well as an insulin sensitivity test (IST) using octreotide. Results: Father (46 years, BMI 22.4 kg/m2) and older son (19 years, BMI 17.8 kg/m5) showed homozygous PFK1-M deficiency, while mother (47 years, BMI 28.4 kg/m5) and younger son (13 years, BMI 16.5 kg/m5) were shown to be heterozygously PFK1-M-deficient on enzyme activity levels. DNA analysis revealed an exon 5-missense-mutation at one allele of all four members, and an exon 22-frameshift-mutation at the other allele of the two homozygously affected individuals. By oGTT the father showed impaired glucose tolerance, and the mother clinical diabetes. By ivGTT both parents and the older son had a decreased first phase insulin secretion, and a diminished glucose disappearance rate. The IST showed marked insulin resistance in both parents and the older son, and moderate resistance in the younger son, previously not described. Conclusion: PFK1-M-deficiency leads to a metabolic state typical for early NIDDM in homozygously affected humans, especially concerning insulin resistance and loss of first phase beta-cell insulin secretion, and may contribute to the manifestation of NIDDM in a subgroup of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050311
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erbliche Ursachen und Risikofaktoren der Alzheimer-Krankheit (1999)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 195-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Alzheimer-Krankheit ; Genetik ; Risikofaktoren ; Genetische Beratung ; Key words Alzheimer’s disease ; Genetics ; Risk factors ; Genetic counseling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A multifactorial etiology underlies the majority of cases of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Both ill-defined environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development of the disease. Allele ɛ4 of ApoE is a genetic risk factor. Its presence increases the risk of developing AD. However, presence of e4 is neither necessary nor sufficient for the disease to arise. Apart from the common multifactorial forms of the disease, there are rare variants which are inherited as Mendelian traits. To date three genes are known that can be mutated in these rare forms of AD. Of these, mutations in the gene presenilin 1 on chromosome 14 are most frequent. In addition, mutations in the gene presenilin 2 on chromosome 1 and in the amyloid precursor protein gene (APP on chromosome 21) occur in autosomal dominant AD. This article reviews our present knowledge of the genetics of AD and discusses its relevance for patients with AD and their relatives.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Großteil der Fälle von Alzheimer-Krankheit (AK) hat eine multifaktorielle Ätiologie. Das bedeutet, bisher nicht genauer bekannte Umwelteinflüsse und genetische Faktoren spielen bei der Entwicklung der Krankheit eine wesentliche Rolle. Von seiten der Genetik unterscheidet man bei der AK gegenwärtig genetische Risikofaktroren und Mutationen. Der einzige bisher gesicherte genetische Risikofaktor ist das Allel ɛ4 des Gens für Apolipoprotein E auf Chromosom 19. Dieses Allel erhöht die Wahrscheinlichkeit, an der AK zu erkranken, ist jedoch weder eine notwendige noch eine hinreichende Bedingung. Neben den häufigen Formen mit multifaktorieller Ätiologie kommen seltene Varianten der Krankheit vor, die nach Mendelschen Regeln vererbt werden. Bisher sind 3 Gene bekannt, die bei diesen seltenen, in der Regel früh auftretenden und autosomal dominant vererbten Formen mutiert sein können. Am häufigsten findet sich bei den autosomal-dominanten Fällen eine Mutation im Gen präsenilin 1 auf Chromosom 14, seltener liegen Mutationen im Gen präsenilin 2 auf Chromosom 1 und im Gen des Amyloid- Vorläuferproteins auf Chromosom 21 vor. In diesem Beitrag geben wir eine Übersicht über gegenwärtige Befunde zur Genetik der AK und diskutieren die Bedeutung dieses Wissens für Patienten und deren Verwandte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050423
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetik schizophrener Störungen Neuere Konzepte und Befunde (1999)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 955-969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schizophrenie ; Genetik ; Schizophrenes Spektrum ; Kopplungsuntersuchungen ; Assoziationsuntersuchungen ; Key words Schizophrenia ; Genetics ; Schizophrenia spectrum ; Linkage studies ; Association studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Schizophrenia is a genetic complex disease as it does not follow monogenic transmission while non-familial environmental factors have a strong additional impact. A heterogenous, continuous phenotype is transmitted in families which can now be more precisely characterized. Genes coding for proteins with presumed pathophysiological relevance are apparently not playing a major causal role. However, in the last three years several (currently seven) candidate regions have been identified in a replicable manner by linkage studies. These regions are likely to host susceptibility genes for schizophrenia, but none of them has been identified up to now. Given these findings, polygenic transmission has now become very likely. The candidate regions are currently being narrowed down by various promising techniques.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Schizophrenie gehört zu den genetisch komplexen Erkrankungen, die keinem monogenen Erbgang folgen und bei denen auch nichtfamiliäre Umgebungsfaktoren eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Dabei wird intrafamiliär ein heterogener, quantitativ variierender Phänotyp übertragen, der zunehmend genauer charakterisiert werden kann. Keines der bekannten Gene mit vermuteter pathophysiologischer Relevanz spielt nach den bisherigen Erkenntnissen eine substantielle Rolle. In den vergangenen drei Jahren ist es aber erstmals durch Kopplungsuntersuchungen gelungen, mehrere replizierbare Kandidatenregionen (derzeit sieben) auf dem Genom zu identifizieren, in denen vermutlich Suszeptibilitätsgene für Schizophrenie liegen. Keines dieser Gene wurde jedoch bislang identifiziert. Mit diesen Befunden ist eine polygene Übertragung der Schizophrenie sehr wahrscheinlich geworden. Verschiedene Techniken zur Eingrenzung der Kandidatenregionen werden derzeit erfolgreich angewandt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050524
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mutation at codon 279 (N279K) in exon 10 of the Tau gene causes a tauopathy with dementia and supranuclear palsy (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 98 (1999), S. 62-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Frontotemporal dementia ; Genetics ; Progressive supranuclear palsy ; Tauopathy ; Exon ; amplifcation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently intronic and exonic mutations in the Tau gene have been found to be associated with familial neurodegenerative syndromes characterized not only by a predominantly frontotemporal dementia but also by the presence of neurological signs consistent with the dysfunction of multiple subcortical neuronal circuitries. Among families, the symptomatology appears to vary in quality and severity in relation to the specific Tau gene mutation and often may include parkinsonism, supranuclear palsies, and/or myoclonus, in addition to dementia. We carried out molecular genetic and neuropathological studies on two patients from a French family presenting, early in their fifth decade, a cognitive impairment and supranuclear palsy followed by an akinetic rigid syndrome and dementia. The proband died severely demented 7 years after the onset of the symptoms; currently, his brother is still alive although his disease is progressing. In both patients, we found a Tau gene mutation in exon 10 at codon 279, resulting in an asparagine to lysine substitution (N279K). Neuropathologically, widespread neuronal and glial tau accumulation in the cortex, basal ganglia, brain stem nuclei as well as in the white matter were the hallmark of the disease. These deposits were shown by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy, using a battery of antibodies to phosphorylation-dependent and phosphorylation-independent epitopes present in multiple tau regions. In the neocortex, tau-immunopositive glial cells were more numerous than immunopositive neurons; the deeper cortical layers as well as the white matter adjacent to the cortex contained the largest amount of immunolabeled glial cells. In contrast, some brain stem nuclei contained more neurons with tau deposits than immunolabeled glial cells. The correlation of clinical, neuropathological and molecular genetic findings emphasize the phenotypic heterogeneitiy of diseases caused by Tau gene mutations. Furthermore, to test the effect of the N279K mutation and compare it with the effect of the P301L exon 10 mutation on alternative splicing of Tau exon 10, we used an exon amplification assay. Our results suggest that the N279K mutation affects splicing similar to the intronic mutations, allowing exon 10 to be incorporated more frequently in the Tau transcript.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051052
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Management of mantle cell lymphoma (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 78 (1999), S. 485-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Mantle cell lymphoma ; Classification ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Immunology ; Genetics ; Antineoplastic agents ; Combined ; Therapeutic use ; Radiotherapy ; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050545
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why is acute leukemia more common in males? A possible sex-determined risk linked to the ABO blood group genes (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 78 (1999), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Acute leukemia ; Genetics ; Sex ; ABO Blood group
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Acute leukemia is more common in males at almost every age, and this fact remains unexplained. A study was carried out in northeast peninsular Malaysia, where the population is predominantly Malay, to examine whether there was a difference in ABO blood group distribution between males and females with acute leukemia (AL). The ABO blood groups of 109 male and 79 female patients with AL (98 ALL, 90 AML) were compared with those of 1019 controls. In the control population, 39.7% were group O. Among males with AL, 39.4% were group O, whereas among females with AL, the proportion was 24.1% (p=0.03). The same trend to a lower proportion of group O among females was seen if the group was divided into adult/pediatric or lymphoblastic/myeloblastic groups, though these differences were not statistically significant. If these findings can be confirmed, they suggest the presence of a "sex-responsive" gene near to the ABO gene locus on chromosome 9, which relatively protects group O women against AL, at least in our population. The existence of such a gene might also partly explain why acute leukemia, and possibly other childhood cancers, are more common in males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050507
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of potential phosphorylation sites in human T cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 6 (1999), S. 206-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Keywords: Tax ; HTLV-1 ; Trans-activation ; Phosphorylation ; Mutagenesis ; Transcription ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax is a phosphoprotein, however, the contribution of phosphorylation to Tax activity is unknown. Previous studies have shown that phosphorylation of Tax occurs on serine residue(s), within one tryptic fragment, in response to 4β-phorbol-12β-myristate-13α-acetate, in both mouse and human cells. Studies were conducted in multiple cell lines to identify the specific phosphorylated serines as a prelude to functional analysis. The phosphorylation pattern of Tax was found to be different in 293T and COS-7 cells in comparison with MT-4 and Px-1 cells. However, one tryptic fragment remained consistent in comigration analyses among all cell lines. Using selected Tax serine mutants a tryptic fragment containing a serine at residue 113 believed to be the site of phosphorylation of Tax did not comigrate with the common phosphorylated tryptic fragment. Analysis of selected Tax mutants for ability totrans-activate the cytomegalovirus promoter demonstrated mutation of serine 77 to alanine reducedtrans-activation by 90% compared to wild-type Tax. However, examination of the phosphorylation pattern of the serine 77 mutant demonstrated that it is not the site of phosphorylation. These studies demonstrate the importance of using relevant cell lines to characterize the role of phosphorylation in protein function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02255904
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathologie der Rhabdo- myosarkome des Kindes- und Adoleszentenalters Ein Bericht des Kindertumorregisters bei der Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie (GPOH) (1999)
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Rhadomyosarkom ; Klassifizierung ; Immunhistochemie ; Genetik ; Prognose ; Key words Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Classification ; Immunohistochemistry ; Genetics ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most important and a very heterogeneous group of malignant soft tissue tumors of childhood and adolescence.The two major subtypes (embryonal and alveolar) share a common myogenic differentiation, but seem to be histogenetically not related. The so-called ’International Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma’ includes, besides the two major subtypes, the botryoid and leiomyomatous subtypes of embryonal RMS which are associated with a better prognosis and are treated less aggressively according to current protocols. In addition, the solid variant of alveolar RMS is included in the alveolar group of RMS. The identification of the various subtypes is necessary and important because the treatment with the current protocols is also related to histology. Using conventional stains and immunohistochemistry, these subtypes are distinguishable. Genetic analysis can be helpful in the demonstration of t(2;13) or t(1;13) translocations in alveolar RMS. The identification of alveolar RMS with t(1;13) translocation might become important in the future, because this type of translocation seems to be related to a better prognosis as compared to tumors with a t(2;13) translocation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Rhabdomyosarkome stellen eine heterogene Gruppe von ganz verschiedenartigen, histogenetisch wohl nicht zusammengehörenden Tumoren dar. Nach der heute verwendeten „Internationalen Klassifikation” der Rhabdomyosarkome werden neben der Unterteilung in embryonalen und alveoläre Rhabdomyossarkome auch Subtypen des embryonalen RMS identifiziert (botryoider und leiomyomatöser Subtyp), die durch eine günstigere Prognose und durch die Notwendigkeit einer weniger aggressive Therapie gekennzeichnet sind. Durch Einsatz von verschiedenen histologischen und immunhistochemischen Färbungen ist die Identifizierung der verschiedenen Typen der RMS heute möglich und auch zwingend notwendig, da die einzelnen Entitäten nach ganz unterschiedlichen Therapieprotokollen behandelt werden. Der Nachweis typischer molekulargenetischer Veränderungen kann in der Unterscheidung insbesondere von embryonalen und alveolären RMS hilfreich sein. In der Regel ist die Abgrenzung zwischen diesen beiden Entitäten auch an konventionell gefärbten Schnittpräparaten möglich. Die Identifizierung von alveolären RMS mit einer t(1;13)-Translokation könnte in Zukunft eine große Bedeutung haben, da diese genetische Veränderung möglicherweise mit einer günstigeren Prognose assoziert sein könnte als die t(2;13)-Translokation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002920050326
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical relevance of monosomy 22q11.2 in children with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 158 (1999), S. 302-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Congenital heart disease ; Pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect ; Genetics ; Monosomy 22q11.2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of our study was to describe the prevalence and the clinical spectrum of monosomy 22q11.2 in a population of patients with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect. We examined all 44 patients with this conotruncal cardiac malformation who presented to our institution from January 1994 until December 1997. The type of collateral lung perfusion was recorded including anomalies of the pulmonary arteries as well as facial and immunological abnormalities. Molecular-cytogenetic testing for a 22q11.2 microdeletion was performed using the probes D22S75 and cHKAD26. Statistical differences were evaluated with the Fisher's Exact Test. Monosomy 22q11.2 was present in ten children (23%) with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (group 1). The remaining 13 children (29%) with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (group 2) and all 21 children (48%) with ductus arteriosus (group 3) were negative for this microdeletion. All children in group 1 had facial anomalies, six had mild immunological abnormalities including decreased CD 4+ or CD 8+ cells. Anomalies of the pulmonary vascular bed were significantly more frequent in children of group 1 (9/10) than in children of group 2 (4/13) or group 3 (0/21). Due to these pulmonary vascular anomalies, corrective surgery had been accomplished in fewer children with monosomy 22q11.2 (none in group 1) as compared to 7/13 children in group 2 and 14/21 children in group 3. Conclusion In children with pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect, monosomy 22q11.2 is preferentially associated with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Due to the higher incidence of pulmonary arterial abnormalities, successful surgical repair will require a different therapeutic approach in most patients with this microdeletion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310051077
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlling septation in fission yeast: finding the middle, and timing it right (1999)
    Springer
    Current genetics 35 (1999), S. 571-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Cytokinesis ; Kinase ; Mitosis ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Cell division ; Phosphatase ; Mutant ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe provides a simple eukaryotic model for the study of cytokinesis. S. pombe cells are rod-shaped, grow mainly by elongation at their tips, and divide by binary fission after forming a centrally placed division septum. Analysis of mutants has begun to shed light upon how septum formation and cytokinesis are regulated both spatially and temporally. Some of the proteins involved in these events have been functionally conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution, suggesting that aspects of this control will be common to all eukaryotic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050455
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphisms in the glutamate transporter gene EAAT2 in European ALS patients (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 246 (1999), S. 1140-1144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Genetics ; Glutamate transporter gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurological disorder characterised by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Whilst the primary pathogenic trigger is unknown in most cases, evidence is mounting to implicate a role for glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity in the disorder. Recent studies have shown reduced levels of the mainly astroglial glutamate transporter EAAT2 in ALS motor cortex and spinal cord and multiple abnormal EAAT2 mRNA species in ALS brain tissue. One cause of the low EAAT2 levels may be that point mutations in the EAAT2 gene, EAAT2, result in an abnormal unstable protein. To test this hypothesis we analysed EAAT2 in 128 sporadic and 23 familial European ALS cases. No variants within the coding sequence of EAAT2 to affect the protein sequence nor in the consensus splice sites of the flanking intronic sequences were found in any cases, similar to findings in other reports. Frequent polymorphisms within the flanking intronic sequences of both exons 2 and 4 were seen but at similar frequencies in controls. Mechanisms other than mutations within the coding region of EAAT2 must therefore be responsible for the low levels of EAAT2 seen in most cases of ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050532
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etiology of the inflammatory bowel diseases (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 14 (1999), S. 2-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words Inflammatory bowel disease ; Crohn's disease ; Ulcerative colitis ; Epidemiology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex disorders. While the exact etiology of these diseases remains unknown, recent progress in the epidemiology and genetics of IBD has clearly demonstrated both environmental and genetic factors to play a role in the development of the disease, and it is expected that some risk factors are common for both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The environmental factor(s) are associated with the Western way of life in the second half of the twentieth century. Cigarette smoking is presently the best known environmental factor. However, the effect of tobacco is opposite in CD and UC. A familial history of IBD is the most important risk factor for developing the disease, suggesting a genetic predisposition to IBD. This hypothesis has recently been confirmed by the localization of at least two susceptibility loci on chromosomes 12 and 16. These genes seem to play a role in both CD and UC. They must now to be identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003840050175
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Craniosynostosis: from a clinical description to an understanding of bone formation of the skull (1999)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 15 (1999), S. 676-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Craniosynostosis ; Genetics ; FGFR ; Msx2 ; Development ; Skull
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The genetic studies of syndromic craniosynostoses lead to the characterisation of genes that regulate the correct development of the bones of the skull. From these studies, it appears that FGF/FGFR signalling has a crucial role in this problem. Numerous mutations affecting the genes coding for FGFR1, 2 or 3 are responsible for these syndromes. It is interesting to note that some identical mutations produced various different phenotypes, suggesting that other genes modulate the phenotypic expressivity. The other involved genes in these syndromes code for such proteins as Msx2 or Twist that interact in the cellular pathways responsible for FGF action. From these genetic studies, it is now important to establish the role of these proteins during the development of the skull. Msx2 plays a repressive role in osteogenesis, whereas FGFRs act as promoting proteins. In the near future, it will be very important to improve our understanding of these phenomena in order to test specific treatments to prevent the development of such syndromes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050457
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early diagnosis and the clinical genetics of Alzheimer’s disease (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 246 (1999), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer’s disease ; Genetics ; Genetic counseling ; Predictive testing ; Diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a significant genetic background manifested as autosomal dominant inheritance in some early-onset families and as familial risk in late-onset cases. Three genes responsible for early-onset autosomal dominant AD have been identified, and one gene, apolipoprotein E, has been confirmed as a susceptibility gene for late-onset forms of the disorder. These findings raise the possibility of genetic testing, either for early diagnosis or prediction. For early-onset autosomal dominant AD genetic testing will have a limited but useful role in confirming diagnosis in established cases and in predictive counselling for relatives; a situation analogous to that for Huntington’s disease. For late-onset AD significant problems remain to be overcome before the advances in molecular genetics have a direct clinical application
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050310
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA mutation at np 3243 in a family with maternally inherited diabetes mellitus (1999)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 36 (1999), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Mitochondrial DNA ; Genetics ; Maternally inherited diabetes mellitus ; Deafness ; np 3243 mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene defects may play a role in the development of maternally inherited diabetes mellitus and deafness (MIDD). A family from Southern Italy who showed maternal transmission of type 2 diabetes mellitus with three individuals affected is described. A 10.4 kb deletion and mutations at nucleotide positions (np) 3243, 7445 and 11778 in the mtDNA of six relatives were sought. The mitochondrial np 3243 mutation of the tRNA Leu (UUR) gene was identified in a boy affected by optic atrophy and mental retardation, as well as in his diabetic mother. No other mutations or deletions were found. Our study points out the variable phenotypic expression of the np 3243 mtDNA mutation. This may suggest the presence of other mitochondrial or nuclear mutations required to modulate the phenotype. A clinical and metabolic follow-up of all family members was necessary to understand the role of the np 3243 mutation, especially in one child affected by optic atrophy and mental retardation. Further studies will be aimed at investigating the prevalence of mutations and deletions of mtDNA in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005920050161
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-incompatibility in passion fruit: evidence of two locus genetic control (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 98 (1999), S. 564-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Passiflora ; Self-incompatibility ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The self-incompatibility in yellow passion fruit was previously described as homomorphic sporophytic with monofactorial inheritance. Five progenies were obtained by bud-selfing. The plants of these progenies were selfed, reciprocally crossed within each progeny and crossed with known incompatible phenotypes to identify their phenotypic group. Fruit set was evaluated at the 7th day after pollination. Two progenies consisted of two self-incompatible groups, the other three formed three suck groups. The groups were identified as S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6. The results provide evidence that the self-incompatibility of passion fruit is controlled by two loci, the S-gene and another, whose expression needs to be investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051105
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AC/GT and AG/CT microsatellite repeats in peach [Prunus persica (L) Batsch]: isolation, characterisation and cross-species amplification in Prunus (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Simple sequence repeat (SSR) ; Microsatellites ; Molecular markers ; Genetics ; Fingerprinting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We report the sequences of 17 primer pairs of microsatellite loci, which we have cloned and sequenced from two genomic libraries of peach [Prunus persica (L) Batsch] ‘Redhaven’, enriched for AC/GT and AG/CT repeats respectively. For ten of these microsatellite loci we were able to demonstrate Mendelian inheritance in a segregating back-cross population; the remainder did not segregate. The polymorphism of the microsatellites was evaluated in a panel of ten peach genotypes, including true-to-type peaches, nectarines and one canning-peach. Fifteen microsatellites (88%) were polymorphic showing 2–4 alleles each. The mean heterozygosity, averaged over all loci, was 0.32 and significantly higher than that reported in the literature for isozymes and molecular markers, such as RFLPs and RAPDs. We have also assayed the cross-species transportability and found that ten microsatellite (59%) gave apparently correct amplification in all Prunus species surveyed, namely P. domestica (European plum), P. salicina (Japanese plum), P. armeniaca (apricot), P. dulcis (almond), P. persica var. vulgaris (peach), P. persica var. laevis (nectarine), P. avium (sweet cherry) and P. cerasus (sour cherry), with three of them also being amplified in Malus (apple). The remaining microsatellites gave less-extensive amplification. Because of their appreciable polymorphism and wide cross-species transportability, most of these new markers can be integrated into the linkage maps which are currently being constructed in peach, as well as in other stone fruit crops, such as almond, apricot, cherry and plum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051209
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A stylar ribonuclease assay to detect self-compatible seedlings in almond progenies (1999)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 99 (1999), S. 800-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Almond ; Compatibility ; Genetics ; Prunus dulcis ; Ribonucleases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Six almond progenies, each the product of a cross between a self-compatible and a self-incompatible parent, were analysed for stylar ribonucleases. Proteins were extracted and separated using non-equilibrium pH gradient electrofocusing (NEPHGE), and the gels were stained for ribonuclease activity. Most seedlings showed either two principal bands, interpreted as corresponding to two incompatibility alleles, or a single band. The seedlings were also bagged in the field at flowering time to determine fruit set after selfing, and some were also examined for the growth of pollen-tubes in selfed styles using UV fluorescence microscopy. With very few exceptions, those seedlings showing single-banded zymograms were found to be self-compatible according to field and microscope studies, and those with two bands were found to be self-incompatible. We conclude that the allele for self-compatibility in almond does not code for ribonuclease activity and that the ribonuclease isoenzyme assay is a convenient technique for predicting self-compatibility in segregating progenies. A novel band in two derivatives of ’Ferrastar’ was ascribed to a new incompatibility allele, S 10 .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051299
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Division of labor in a dynamic environment: response by honeybees (Apis mellifera) to graded changes in colony pollen stores (1999)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 46 (1999), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Honeybee ; Apis mellifera ; Division of labor ; Genetics ; Pollen foraging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A fundamental requirement of task regulation in social groups is that it must allow colony flexibility. We tested assumptions of three task regulation models for how honeybee colonies respond to graded changes in need for a specific task, pollen foraging. We gradually changed colony pollen stores and measured behavioral and genotypic changes in the foraging population. Colonies did not respond in a graded manner, but in six of seven cases showed a stepwise change in foraging activity as pollen storage levels moved beyond a set point. Changes in colony performance resulted from changes in recruitment of new foragers to pollen collection, rather than from changes in individual foraging effort. Where we were able to track genotypic variation, increases in pollen foraging were accompanied by a corresponding increase in the genotypic diversity of pollen foragers. Our data support previous findings that genotypic variation plays an important role in task regulation. However, the stepwise change in colony behavior suggests that colony foraging flexibility is best explained by an integrated model incorporating genotypic variation in task choice, but in which colony response is amplified by social interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050607
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of B-cell lines from SLE patients and their relatives (1995)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 15 (1995), S. 89-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: SLE Lupus ; BBV transformation ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid B-cell lines were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 55 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 44 healthy relatives. All donors have previously been extensively characterized with regard to clinical, serologic, and genetic parameters. Here, peripheral blood lymphocytes and lines were characterized for cell surface antigens. Furthermore, autoantibody production and proliferation rate of the cell lines were monitored. A significant difference between patients and relatives was the lower proliferation rate of EBV-transformed cell lines of the SLE patients. All SLE cell lines are available for interested researches and can be obtained from the European Cell Bank, Salisbury, UK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302123
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic mapping of adrenergic receptor genes in humans (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Adrenergic receptors ; Human genetics ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Chromosome mapping ; Linkage ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have genetically mapped the genes encoding four human adrenergic receptors (ARs) of subtypes α1C, α2A, α2B, and β1, which are prototypic G protein coupled receptors that mediate the physiological effects of neurotransmitters, hormones, and drugs. We placed these genes onto the Cooperative Human Linkage Center (CHLC) and Genethon framework maps, within confidence intervals with greater than 1000∶1 odds. With multipoint analysis the α1C gene (locus ADRA1C) mapped to the interval between NEFL and D8S283; α2-C4, the gene encoding the α2C AR (locus ADRA2C), mapped to the interval between D4S126 and D4S62; and the α2-C10 (α2A AR)/β1 haplotype (loci ADRA2A/ ADRB1) mapped to the interval between D10S259 and D10S187. A fifth AR gene, β2, yielded significant LOD scores with markers on the long arm of chromosome 5; however, this locus (ADRB2) could not be mapped to any specific interval with odds of greater than 1000∶1. The two AR genes that are completely linked, α2-C10 and β1, were oriented on their shared 225-kb genomic fragment relative to the direction of transcription, with β1 being 5′ to α2-C10. The positioning of these genes on high-density framework maps allows them to be tested as candidates in a spectrum of diseases that might involve AR dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231616
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene associated with macroangiopathy and blood pressure in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 307-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; Hypertension ; Type 2 diabetes ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the search for new risk factors for diabetic macroangiopathy the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene was studied in 237 consecutive patients (125 men and 112 women) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The female population showed an excess of ischemic electro-cardiographic changes or definite myocardial infarctions in the patients homozygous for the deletion [D/D; odds ratio (OR) 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–5.3] and in the insertion/deletion heterozygotes (I/D; OR 1.8; CI 1.1–3.1) compared with the patients homozygous for the insertion (I/I). In the total series coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and claudication were more often observed in the patients with I/D (OR 1.5; CI 1.0–2.2) or the D/D genotype patients (OR 1.7; CI 1.1–2.6) than in those with the genotype I/I. The systolic blood pressure was lower in patients with genotype I/I (138±19 mmHg) than in those with the genotype I/D (149±22 mmHg) or D/D (150±21 mmHg; P〈0.02). The prevalence of hypertension and the median urinary albumin excretion rate also tended to be lowest in the I/I genotype patients. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that in women the angiotensin-converting enzyme D/D genotype is independently associated with coronary heart disease. Our findings suggest that variation at the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene locus is one of the factors involved in the predisposition of diabetic patients to the development of arterial disease and hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231617
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixed desmoplastic primitive neuroepithelial tumor of infancy: a light microscopic, immunocytochemical, ultrastructural and genetic study (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Primitive neuroepithelial tumor ; Desmoplastic small cell tumor ; Brain tumor of infancy Immunocytochemistry ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a case of a desmoplastic brain tumor which was initially resected from the right fronto-temporal region in a 2 year-old boy. This nodular, calcified tumor was vascularized by the internal carotid artery and the middle meningeal artery branches. Grossly, it contained several mucoid cysts. Light microscopy showed cords or nests of small cuboidal cells surrounded by a loose connective tissue and desmoplasic areas containing fibers and spindle cells. The cuboidal cells expressed epithelial, neuronal and neuroendocrine markers. Some foci of spindle cells showed glial differentiation. The tumor recurred 16 months later and displayed some characteristics of the small cell neuroepithelial component, mitoses being conspicuous. Electron microscopy revealed undifferentiated clear cells, some containing neurosecretory granules. Karyotyping demonstrated the following formula: 〈 15 〉 46, t(8;11) (a13; q11). The chromosome 11 breakpoint was different from that described in Ewing's sarcoma. This isolated translocation has not been previously reported to our knowledge. These unusual features lead us to report this case and to discuss its pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294266
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex segregation ratio and gender expression in the genus Actinidia (1995)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 8 (1995), S. 129-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Sex control ; Disomic segregation ; Dioecy Kiwifruit ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sex segregation ratio was checked in bi-parental families of Actinidia deliciosa (2n=6x=174) obtained by crossing four females (A12, Mo3, Br4, Hw1) with two males (T2, M1) and one fruiting male (M3h, subandroecious) according to a factorial mating design. The M3h fruiting male was also selfed. The sex ratio was checked in maternal families of A. kolomikta (2n=2x) and A. chinensis (2n=2x) as well as in A. deliciosa. Seedlings of both diploid species took 3–4 years to progress beyond juvenility, whereas a noticeable number of seedlings from biparental crosses of A. deliciosa involving A12 and Hw1 as seed parents were still non-flowering after seven growing seasons. Open-pollinated families of both diploid and hexaploid species as well as most families from biparental crosses showed a sex segregation ratio approaching 1∶1. Subandroecious lines with different degrees of ovary and pistil development appeared in proportions of 0–4.2%, depending on the cross, but only 6 of the 2567 male vines checked were capable of setting fruit. No case of self-fertility or apomixis was detected among 1866 bagged female vines. Selfed M3h progenies gave only female and male phenotypes in a ratio of 1 female to 3 males. No off-type vines were found among these progenies. The same disomic sex segregation ratio seems to be operating at different ploidy levels in the genus Actinidia. Since selfed fruiting males produced both female and male individuals, the male sex appears to be the heterogametic one. Such evidence indicates that a monofactorial system based on one or more linked genes or on an X/Y chromosome set must be controlling sex expression. How a monofactorial sex-determining mechanism could operate in polyploids to give a 1∶1 female: male ratio is discussed. Minor modifying gene(s) seem to be responsible for the feminization of males, and their expression appears enhanced by environmental conditions. Masculinizing gene(s) seem to be lacking in female genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00242255
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Opioid operant self-administration, analgesia, stimulation and respiratory depression inμ-deficient mice (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 23-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Opioid ; Genetics ; Self-administration ; CXBK/ByJ ; Reinforcement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It is commonly thought thatμ-receptors play an important role in the reinforcing effects of opioids. In the present study, inbred strains widely divergent in CNS opiate receptor densities were used to investigate the influence of genetic variation in receptor concentration on opioid-reinforced behavior. In particular, the CXBK/ByJ mice were used as an investigative tool because of their significantly lower number of CNSμ opioid receptors. The behavioral pharmacology of opioids in theμ-deficient CXBK/ByJ mice was compared to other commonly used inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ, and the opiate receptor rich CXBH/ByJ mice. Operant opioid reinforced behavior, opioid-induced locomotor stimulation, analgesia and respiratory depression were investigated in all four inbred strains. To assess the acquisition and maintenance of opioid reinforced behavior, oral self-administration of the potent benzimidazole opioid, etonitazene, was determined using an operant fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement (FR 8). Acquisition of etonitazene-reinforced behavior was established in all four strains including theμ-deficient CXBK/ByJ mice. However, there were significant genetic differences in the amount of drug intake during the maintenance of opioid-reinforced behavior and extinction behavior following vehicle substitution. For example, drug intake was significantly greater in the BK versus BH mice during the maintenance phase and an extinction burst was seen in the BH but not the BK mice following vehicle substitution. Thus,μ-receptor density may not account for individual variability in the acquisition of opioid-reinforced behavior under these conditions. Sensitivity to etonitazene-induced respiratory depression, stimulation of locomotor activity and analgesia were unrelated to drug intake during self-administration sessions across these four inbred strains. These data indicate that inherited differences in CNSμ-opiate receptor concentrations do not affect acquisition of etonitazene-reinforced behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245094
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal mapping of loci influencing sensitivity to cocaine-induced seizures in BXD recombinant inbred strains of mice (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Quantitative trait loci ; Seizure ; Recombinant inbred strains ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Among inbred mice, genetic factors mediate differences in sensitivity to the convulsant properties of cocaine; however, the gene(s) underlying cocaine's effects have not been identified. To help elucidate the gene(s) responsible for cocaine seizure susceptibility, we used recombinant inbred-quantitative trait loci (RI-QTL) analyses to identify chromosomal loci associated with cocaine-induced seizures. RI-QTL analyses seek to identify associations between a quantitative measure of a particular phenotype and one or more previously mapped marker genes across a panel of RI strains. This report describes an RI-QTL analysis of cocaine seizure susceptibility among 26 BXD RI strains. These strains showed a skewed, bimodal range of seizure susceptibility which could be the result of one or more modifying genes acting in concert with a major gene to influence cocaine sensitivity. Correlating the percent seizures displayed by each strain following 60 mg/kg cocaine with chromosomal marker data for these strains revealed a number of significant correlations clustered in two regions on chromosomes 12 and 6. This is the first identification of putative chromosomal loci associated with a cocaine-related phenotype and should facilitate identification of the gene(s) underlying cocaine toxicity and other cocaine-related phenotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245099
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic counselling on brittle grounds: recurring osteogenesis imperfecta due to parental mosaicism for a dominant mutation (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Osteogenesis imperfecta ; Collagen I ; Mosaicism ; Genetics ; Recurrence risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder, is usually caused by defects in collagen I. There is growing evidence for parental mosaicism that results in affected children born to unaffected parents. This situation poses a difficult task for the geneticist because a mosaic parent may appear clinically healthy while carrying the mutation in a fraction of her or his gonadal cells. To illustrate this problem, we report a Swiss couple whose first child was affected with severe OI. The unexpected recurrence of the disorder in the second child raised the suspicion of a recessive trait or, rather, of parental mosaicism. We identified the responsible collagen mutation in the COL1A2 gene (Gly688Ser in the α2(I)-chain) in both children and demonstrated the father to be a somatic mosaic for this mutation and to have subtle clinical signs such as soft skin and short stature that may be a result of his mosaic state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050261
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Floating-Harbor syndrome: description of a further patient, review of the literature, and suggestion of autosomal dominant inheritance (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 658-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Floating-Harbor syndrome ; Growth retardation ; Dysmorphology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract The Floating-Harbor syndrome is a growth retardation syndrome with delayed bone age, speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips. We present an additional patient and review 16 cases from the literature. The possible phenotype in the patient's mother suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for the syndrome. Conclusion The Floating Harbor syndrome is a growth deficiency syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, characteristic face and delayed speech development. Inheritance is possibly autosomal dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02079072
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal brain disruption sequence in sisters (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 654-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Fetal development ; Brain diseases ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two female siblings with the fetal brain disruption sequence. Extensive investigation of both children failed to define a definitive aetiology but clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with a hitherto unknown storage disease. We postulate that the accumulation of a neurotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the disease phenotype observed. This is the first report of recurrence of the fetal brain disruption sequence and supports the existence of a genetic form of this condition. Previous reports have emphasized possible environmental aetiologies. Infants with fetal brain disruption sequence should be investigated exhaustively and, in the absence of definitive evidence of an environmental cause, the possibility of a genetic aetiology should be considered. In some families the recurrence risk may be as high as one in four.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02079071
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal brain disruption sequence in sisters (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 654-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Fetal development ; Brain diseases ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two female siblings with the fetal brain disruption sequence. Extensive investigation of both children failed to define a definitive aetiology but clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with a hitherto unknown storage disease. We postulate that the accumulation of a neurotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the disease phenotype observed. This is the first report of recurrence of the fetal brain disruption sequence and supports the existence of a genetic form of this condition. Previous reports have emphasized possible environmental aetiologies. Infants with fetal brain disruption sequence should be investigated exhaustively and, in the absence of definitive evidence of an environmental cause, the possibility of a genetic aetiology should be considered. In some families the recurrence risk may be as high as one in four.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050366
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Floating-Harbor syndrome: description of a further patient, review of the literature, and suggestion of autosomal dominant inheritance (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 658-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Floating-Harbor ; syndrome ; Growth retardation ; Dysmorphology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Floating-Harbor syndrome is a growth retardation syndrome with delayed bone age, speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips. We present an additional patient and review 16 cases from the literature. The possible phenotype in the patient's mother suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for the syndrome. Conclusion The Floating Harbor syndrome is a growth deficiency syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, characteristic face and delayed speech development. Inheritance is possibly autosomal dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050367
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A genetic study of idiopathic focal dystonias (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 508-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Dystonia ; Torticollis ; Blepharospasm ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inheritance of focal dystonias was investigated in 43 families containing 43 index cases with torticollis (n = 21), blepharospasm (n = 18) and writer's cramp (n = 4). They generated a potential population of 235 first-degree relatives, and 168 out of 179 living first-degree relatives were examined. Ten relatives with dystonia were identified in ten families. Another two parents from two of the same group of ten families were affected according to the family history. The majority of the secondary cases (six patients, five siblings, and one child) were not aware of any dystonia. The tendency for affected relatives to have the same type of dystonia as index patients was observed only for torticollis. Overall, 23% of index patients had relatives with dystonia. Segregation analysis suggested the presence of an autosomal dominant gene or genes with reduced penetrante underlying focal dystonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867421
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetische Faktoren bei der Entstehung und Progression maligner Melanome (1995)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 46 (1995), S. 394-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Malignes Melanom ; Genetische Instabilität ; Genetik ; Syndrom der dysplastischen Nävi ; Xeroderma pigmentosum ; Key words Malignant melanoma ; Genetic instability ; Genetics ; Dysplastic nevus syndrome ; Xeroderma pigmentosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet irradiation is an important risk factor for the development of malignant melanoma, with UVA possibly playing an important role. Hereditary factors are also relevant. In the dysplastic nevus syndrome a genetic instability has been shown by different methods. In xeroderma pigmentosum the DNA repair defect is thought to be responsible for the high incidence of malignant melanoma. Frequent and non-random changes in certain chromosomes have been demonstrated in melanoma cells. These might contain sequences that control melanoma growth or melanoma suppressor genes. Especially the short arm of chromosome 9 is thought to contain one of these genes. This hypothesis is supported by a genetic linkage analysis in melanoma families and the demonstration of a germ line deletion of the locus 9p21 in a patient with eight primary melanomas. Changes in known tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes have also been reported in melanoma, but no consistent sequence of genetic events is known.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Exposition der Haut mit ultravioletten Strahlen ist ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung eines malignen Melanoms. Möglicherweise spielt hierbei UVA-A eine besondere Rolle. Daneben sind hereditäre Faktoren von Bedeutung. Während beim Syndrom der dysplastischen Nävi eine genetische Instabilität mit verschiedenen Methoden nachgewiesen wurde, wird bei Xeroderma pigmentosum der DNA-Reparaturdefekt für die hohe Melanominzidenz verantwortlich gemacht. In Melanomzellen sind überzufällig häufig karyotypische Veränderungen in bestimmten Chromosomen gefunden worden. Diese enthalten möglicherweise Melanomwachstumsregulierende Sequenzen oder Melanom-Suppressorgene. Insbesondere der kurze Arm des Chromosoms 9 steht in Verdacht, eines dieser Gene zu enthalten. Diese Hypothese wird auch unterstützt durch eine genetische Kopplungsanalyse an Melanomfamilien und dem Nachweis einer Keimbahndeletion des Lokus 9p21 bei einer Patientin mit 8 primären Melanomen. Veränderungen an bereits bekannten Tumorsuppressorgenen oder Onkogenen sind ebenfalls in Melanomen beschrieben worden, ohne daß jedoch eine konsistente Reihenfolge von genetischen Ereignissen bekannt wäre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050272
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myotonic dystrophy in a large Sicilian kinship: a case report (1995)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 453-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Myotonic ; Dystrophy ; Muscle disease ; Genetics ; Case report
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A large Sicilian kinship in which myotonic dystrophy (DM) affected spanning four generations is presented. The pedigree clearly illustrates the phenomenon of anticipation, and illustrates that this phenomenon is more marked when transmission occurs through an affected female rather than an affected male. The pedigree is interpreted in light of recent genetic advances in DM. Neurosurgeons and neurologists should consider a diagnosis of DM when asked to evaluate a floppy infant with enlarged lateral ventricles, and should be aware of special features regarding its inheritance pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334964
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Japanese families with early-onset type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus and screening for mutations in the glucokinase and mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) genes (1995)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 32 (1995), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) ; Genetics ; Diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic linkage studies of families with earlyonset type 2 diabetes have facilitated the identification of diabetes-susceptibility genes. In order to assess the feasibility of using linkage approaches to identify genes responsible for the development of type 2 diabetes in Japanese subjects, we examined our clinical records for multigenerational families suitable for genetic studies. We identified 16 families in which at least one subject was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before 25 years of age. Seven of these families had a pattern of inheritance consistent with a diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and nine families showed a complex pattern of inheritance of type 2 diabetes with transmission of diabetes-susceptibility genes from both parents. The glucokinase and mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) genes were screened for mutations in at least one affected subject from each family in order to assess the contribution of mutations in these genes to the development of the diabetes. No mutations were found, which suggests that the diabetes in these families resulted from mutations in other genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581039
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domestication via hybridization of the wild tetraploid oats Avena magna and A. murphyi (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 639-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gene introgression ; Genetics ; Linkage ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The wild tetraploid (2n=28) oat species Avena magna and A. murphyi have been domesticated by having been transferred from the common oat, A sativa (2n=42), the characteristics of non-shedding spikelets glabrous and yellow lemma, and reduced awn formation. Domestication has been achieved by crossing the common oat with either of the tetraploid species and then backcrossing the pentaploid hybrids with pollen of the tetraploid wild parent. Among the BC plants obtained only a few produced some seeds. Fertile tetraploids exhibiting the domesticated syndrome have been selected for in the F2 generation. Although morphologically they were almost indistinguishable from the common oat, they were tetraploids. Wild x domesticated A. magna hybrids were vigorous and fertile. They retained their spikelets at maturity, lemma color and pubescence were intermediate between the parental lines, and awns were formed only on the lower floret of the spikelet. Each of these characteristics segregated in a 3∶1 fashion, indicating single gene control, as in the common oat. These four characteristics formed a linkage group in one F2 family and two linkage groups in the other two families. The usefulness of the domesticated tetraploids for oat research and production has been discussed. Taxonomically, the domesticated tetraploids were ranked as subspecies: A. magna ssp. domestica, and A. murphyi ssp. rigida.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223291
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diallel analysis for mineral element absorption in tropical adapted soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 707-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mineral stress ; Nutrient efficiency ; Aluminium tolerance ; Inheritance ; Genetics ; Breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Brazilian tropical adapted soybeans contains, in addition to superior morphological characters, genetic factors for tolerance to cultivation in acidic, mineral-stressed soils. However, the selection process for these hindrances has been empirical, and information on the genetics of mineral element uptake by the plant is necessary. The objective of this investigation was to identify the mode of inheritance for the absorption of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, manganese, zinc and copper in a 9 × 9 diallel cross. General combining ability (GCA) was higher than specific combining ability (SCA), with the exception of copper, manganese and zinc, indicating predominantly additive effects. The ratios of GCA/SCA varied between 3.4 (calcium) and 8.5 (magnesium). The regression of covariance (Wr) on variance (Vr) showed that the additive-dominance model explained the genetic differences in this germ plasm. However, the detection of overdominance could be related to possible heterozygosity in the parental varieties for mineral absorption. Broad-sense heritability values were higher than narrow sense heritability values for aluminium, iron, potassium, calcium and magnesium, being in the range of 67.9–86.9% and 42.0–56.6%, respectively. This is an indication that soybeans can be further improved to efficient utilisation of nutrients and to tolerate toxic factors in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222137
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelic relationships between genes for resistance to tomato spotted wilt tospovirus in Capsicum chinense (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 146-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Capsicum chinense ; Resistance gene ; Genetics ; Pepper ; Tomato spotted wilt virus ; Tospoviruses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) has been reported to be an important reservoir of resistance genes to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The genes for TSWV resistance present in three C. chinense lines (‘PI 152225’, ‘PI 159236’ and ‘Panca’) were investigated for allelism. All resistant lines were crossed with each other. Parents, F1, backcrosses and F2 populations (including reciprocals) developed from those crosses were mechanically inoculated with a highly virulent TSWV isolate. Susceptible C. annuum cv ‘Magda’ was used to check inoculum virulence. Fifty plants of the F1 hybrids; ‘Magda’ x ‘PI 152225’, ‘Magda’ x ‘PI 159236’, and ‘Magda’ x 'Panca, were also inoculated with the TSWV isolate. The resistance response in all C. chinense sources was associated with a localized, hypersensitive-like reaction that was phenotypically expressed as a prompt formation of large local lesions accompanied by premature leaf abscission. All F1 generations presented a final score of resistant; indicating that the expression of resistance to TSWV is conditioned by a dominant gene regardless of the source. The absence of segregation for resistance to TSWV that was observed in all generations of the crosses between C. chinense lines indicated that either a tightly linked group of genes exists or that the resistance is governed by the same single major gene (probably the already described Tsw gene). Previous reports have indicated that the Tsw gene is not effective against tospovirus members of serogroup II, i.e. tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) and groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV). In the assay described here, all of the C. chinense lines showed, after mechanical inoculation, an identical susceptibility response to the TCSV and GRSV isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221009
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    Identification of genomic regions affecting plant height in sorghum and maize (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 380-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Breeding ; Sorghum bicolor Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to use restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to determine the genetic location and effects of genomic regions controlling plant height in sorghum. F2 plants (152) from the cross CK60 x PI229828 were used. Genomic and cDNA clones (106) identified 111 loci distributed among ten linkage groups covering 1299 cM. Interval mapping identified four regions, each in a separate linkage group. These regions may correspond to loci (dw) previously identified by alleles with qualitative effects. Also, these regions identified in sorghum may be orthologous to those previously reported for plant height in maize. Gene effects and gene action varied among genomic regions. In each region, PI229828 alleles resulted in increased plant height. Each region accounted for 9.2–28.7% of the phenotypic variation. Positive, additive effects ranged from 15 to 32cm. Tallness was dominant or overdominant and conferred by alleles from PI229828 for three quantitative trait loci (QTL). At the fourth QTL, PI229828 contributed to increased plant height, but short stature was partially dominant. One digenic interaction was significant. The presence of a PI229828 allele at one region diminished the effects of the other region. A multiple model indicated that these four regions collectively accounted for 63.4% of the total phenotypic variation. The utility of this information for germplasm conversion through backcross breeding is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221980
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Industrial mycology and the new genetics (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1995), S. 355-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Transformation ; Fungi ; Yeast ; Genetics ; Biotechnology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The genetic investigation of fungi has been extended substantially by DNA-mediated transformation, providing a supplement to more conventional genetic approaches based upon sexual and parasexual processes. Initial transformation studies with the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae provided the model for transformation systems in other fungi with regard to methodology, vector construction and selection strategies. There are, however, certain differences betweenS. cerevisiae and filamentous fungi with regard to type of genomic insertion and the availability of shuttle vectors. Single-site linked insertions are common in yeast due to the high level of homology required for recombination between vectored and genomic sequences, whereas mycelial fungi often show a high frequency of heterologous and unlinked insertions, often in the form of random and multiple-site integrations. While extrachromosomally-maintained or replicative vectors are readily available for use with yeasts, such vectors have been difficult to construct for use with filamentous fungi. The development of vectors for replicative transformation with these fungi awaits further study. It is proposed that replicative vectors may be inherently less efficient for use with mycelial fungi relative to yeasts, since the mycelium, as an extended and semicontinuous network of cells, may delimit an adequate diffusion of the vector carrying the selectable gene, thus leading to a high frequency of abortive or unstable transformants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569951
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Have fishes had their chips? The dilemma of threatened fishes (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 43 (1995), S. 1-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Conservation ; Extinction ; Rarity ; Biodiversity ; Breeding guilds ; Endemism ; Speciation ; Habitat degradation ; Environmental management ; Invasive fishes ; Genetics ; Ecology ; Stenotopy ; Captive propagation ; Legislation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The conservation status and factors threatening fishes worldwide are reviewed in order to introduce a series of one-page articles on ‘Threatened fishes of the world’, and to encourage the incorporation of information on threatened fishes into international conservation programmes. Information on fish extinction and threat rates are compared with those of other animal groups, and the unique characteristics of fish conservation problems are highlighted. At present 979 species of fishes are listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List and at least 36 species and three subspecies are listed as recently extinct. It is argued that these figures are probably gross underestimates and that they may mislead conservation authorities and resource users about the seriousness of the situation. Freshwater fishes may be the most threatened group of vertebrates after the Amphibia. Urgent action is required to save many narrowly endemic, stenotopic species from extinction, especially in Africa, Asia and South America. The conservation of common species that drive essential ecological processes is also important. Anthropogenic pressures, especially habitat degradation, the introduction of invasive species and pollution, on inland and coastal waters are particularly severe and many major fish communities are threatened with elimination throughout the world. The conservation of marine fishes is complicated by the fact that it is difficult to ascertain their rarity. The importance of the retention of genetic variation is highlighted, and both orthodox and innovative conservation measures are encouraged. Further research on minimum viable populations, genetics, and the factors that cause fishes to become vulnerable to extinction, is urgently required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00001812
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280101
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Tripodal Triamidostannates as Building Blocks in the Generation of Sn - M-Bonded Heterobimetallics (M = Fe, Ru) (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tripodal ligands ; Triamidostannates ; Metal-metal bonds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By in situ lithiation of the trifunctional amines H3CC(CH2NHSiMe3)3, PhC(CH2NHSiMe3)3, and HC{SiMe2NH(p-Tolyl)}3 and subsequent reaction with SnCl2 the corresponding triamidostannates were obtained. These were coupled with CpM(CO)2Cl (M = Fe, Ru) to yield the M - Sn-bonded heterobimetallics 9-14 of which H3CC(CH2NSiMe3)3SnFe(CO)2Cp (9) was characterized by a single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Of the in situ-generated amidostannates only [HC{SiMe2N(p-Tolyl)}3Sn][Li(THF)3] (8) could be isolated as a uniform product and characterized analytically and spectroscopically.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280105
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    The Structures of [X2Y—N—YX2]+ Cations (X = F, Cl; Y = S, Se). A Comparison of X-ray and ab Initio Studies[1] (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Selenium-nitrogen compounds ; Sulfur-nitrogen compounds ; Calculations, ab initio ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structures of cationic species of the series [X2Y—N—YX2]+ (X = F, Cl; Y = S, Se) have been computed ab initio using all electron treatments for first-row elements and sulfur and quasi-relativistic pseudopotentials for Se and Cl. Splitvalence basis sets with polarization and diffuse functions were employed. The MP2 results for the (non-isostructural!) cations [Cl2Se—N—SeCl2]+ (1: Cs) and [F2S—N—SF2]+ (2: C2v) are in excellent agreement with the experimental (X-ray) observations. Both structures represent local minima. A deeper minimum for either of the cations is represented by another C2v isomer which for crystal lattice energy reasons is stable in the isolated state only. The geometries of the hitherto unknown species [Cl2S—N—SCl2]+ (3) and [F2Se—N—SeF2]+ (4) have been assessed by ab initio HF calculations. In analogy to 2, cations 3 and 4 are predicted to prefer C2v symmetry. Therefore, 1 exhibits unusual structural features. According to strictly localized natural bond orbital analysis (NBO), the central nitrogen atoms in 1 and 2 possess two lone pairs of electrons (LP: one sp hybrid and one p orbital). The relatively short Se—N and S—N bond distances in 1 (1.741-1.760 Å) and 2 (1.551 Å) can best be attributed to LP(N)→s̰*(Y—X) negative hyperconjugation (1: Y = Se, X = Cl; 2: Y = S, X = F).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280106
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die fördernde Rolle von Phosphinoester-Liganden bei der Synthese neutraler Carben-, Vinyliden- und Allenyliden-Ruthenium(II)-KomplexeHerrn Professor Hubert Schmidbaur zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ruthenium(II) complexes, octahedral ; Phosphino esters as mono- and bidentate ligands ; Fluxional behaviour ; Carbene complexes ; Vinylidene complexes ; Allenylidene complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinylidene Transition-Metal Complexes, XXXV[1].  -  The Supporting Role of Phosphino Ester Ligands for the Synthesis of Neutral Carbene, Vinylidene and Allenylidene Ruthenium(II) ComplexesThe reaction of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] (1) with the phosphino esters iPr2P(CH2)nCO2R (2-4) leads to complete (n = 1; R = CH3, C2H5) or partial (n = 2; R =CH3) displacement of the PPh3 ligands and formation of the octahedral ruthenium(II) complexes [RuCl2{k2(P,O)-iPr2PCH2CO2R}2] (5, 6) and [RuCl2(PPh3){k(P)-iPr2PCH2CH2CO2Me}{k2(P,O)-iPr2PCH2CH2CO2Me}] (7). Treatment of 5 with LiBr and LiI affords the dibromo- and diiodoruthenium derivatives 8 and 9. While compound 5 reacts with CO and SO2 by cleavage of one Ru - O bond to yield the 1:1 adducts [RuCl2(L){k(P)-iPr2PCH2CO2Me}{k2(P,O)-iPr2PCH2CO2Me}] (10, 11), the reaction of the dibromo derivative 8 with CO in solution gives the dicarbonyl complex [RuBr2(CO)2{k(P)-iPr2PCH2CO2Me}2](13). If CO is passed over 8 in the solid state, the corresponding monocarbonyl compound 14 is formed. The hydridoruthenium(II) complex 16, which is obtained from equimolar amounts of [RuHCl(CO)(PiPr3)2] (15) and 2, reacts with HC≡CMe by insertion to give the vinyl derivative [RuCl{E - CH=CHMe}(CO)(PiPr3){k2(P,O)-iPr2CH2CO2Me}] (17). Treatment of 5 with HC̊' (R' = H, Me, tBu, Ph) and of 6, 8, 9 with HC≡CPh affords upon photochemical activation the octahedral vinylidene complexes [RuX2-(=C=CHR){k(P)-iPr2PCH2CO2R}{k2(P,O)-iPr2PCH2CO2R}] (18-21 and 23-25) in good to excellent yield. At room temperature, these compounds (with the exception of 25) are highly fluxional in solution. From 31P-NMR measurements, the free energies of activation ΔG
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280108
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  • 48
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    Reaktionen von R2Al—AlR2 (R = CH(SiMe3)2) mit Trimethylsilylazid  -  Insertion in die Al—Al-Bindung und Abbau zum trimeren Dialkylaluminiumazid (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Aluminium-aluminium bond ; Insertion of trimethylsilyl azide ; Trimeric dialkylaluminium azide ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of R2Al—AlR2 (R = CH(SiMe3)2) with Trimethylsilyl Azide  -  Insertion into the Al—Al Bond and Formation of a Trimeric Dialkylaluminium AzideTetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]dialuminium(4) (1) reacts with trimethylsilyl azide under insertion of one nitrogen atom into the Al—Al bond. As shown by NMR spectra and crystal structure the product contains three and four coordinated Al atoms due to the coordination of the α-nitrogen atom of the azide group to one of the Al atoms. An electronically delocalized N3-system is formed with a N—N bond length of 132.0 pm and a bond order of 1.5 for both N—N bonds. With an excess of trimethylsilyl azide further reaction is observed only under mild irradiation conditions with an exchange of the azide group between Si and Al and formation of Me6Si2 and the dialkylaluminium azide 3, which is better synthesized by the reaction of Me3Si—N3 with Cl—Al[CH(SiMe3)2]2. The sterically highly shielded aluminium azide 3 is a trimer in the solid state showing a non-planar 12-membered Al3N9 heterocycle with short N—N bonds (114 pm).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280112
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  • 49
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    Transition-Metal Complexes with the Novel Scorpionate Ligand Dihydrobis-(tetrazolyl)borate: Synthesis and Characterization of Infinite Two-Dimensional Metal-Ligand Frameworks and One-Dimensional Water SubstructuresDedicated to Professor Dr. Herbert Schumann on the occassion of his 60th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 323-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Poly(azolyl)borates, metal complexes of ; Bis(tetrazolyl)borate, metal complexes of ; Metal-nitrogen coordination ; Coordination polymers ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dihydrobis(tetrazolyl)borate metal compounds of the composition [M(L)2{μ-H2B(CHN4)2}2]n for M = Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Cd with L = H2O and for M = Cu with L = NH3 are obtained from metal salts and K[H2B(CHN4)2]. Single-crystal X-ray studies reveal the formation of two-dimensional rhombic grid sheets through the bridging action of the bis(tetrazolyl)borate ligands. Each metal atom is octahedrally coordinated with two trans L ligands and four H2B(CHN4)-2 nitrogen donors. Two additional, hydrogen-bonded water molecules occupy the rhombic openings in the compounds with M = Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, and Cd. The water of crystallization is held in place through hydrogen bonding from the water ligands and to the nitrogen atoms to give a substructure of parallel kinked water chains. Temperature-variable magnetic measurements show a Curie-Weiss behavior for the paramagnetic complexes with M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280402
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    New Organophosphorus Ligands: Cyclopropanation and Other Reactions of Cumulenes Bearing Diphenylphosphanyl Substituents (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cumulenes ; Butadienes ; Vinylcyclopropane ; Vinylidenecyclopropane ; Bicyclopropyl, phosphanyl-substituted ; Cyclopropanation ; Phosphane ligands ; Phosphane chalcogenides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrophosphorylation of 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butadiyne with diphenylphosphane leads to the butadiene (Ph2P)2C=CH—CH=C(PPh2)2 (1). Treatment of 1 with dimethylsulfonium methylide gives the vinylcyclopropane (Ph2P)2C=CH—CH(CH2)C(PPh2)2 (2). Compound 2 reacts with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, elemental sulfur, or selenium to afford the tetrachalcogenides (Ph2XP)2C=CH—CH(CH2)C(PXPh2)2 with X = O (3), X = S (4), X = Se (5), respectively. While the tetraphosphane 1 and the vinyl-cyclopropane compound 2 cannot be converted into a bis-(cyclopropyl) compound with an excess of Me2S=CH2, the tetrasulfide 4 readily affords a mixture of (1R,1′R)-/(1S,1′S)-and meso-2,2,2′,2′-tetrakis(diphenylthiophosphinyl)-1,1′-bicyclopropyl (6, 7) in good yield. Treatment of 1,1,4,4-tetrakis-(diphenylphosphanyl)butatriene with dimethylsulfonium methylide leads to the vinylidenecyclopropane (Ph2P)2C=C=C(CH2)C(PPh2)2 (8). Compound 8 is converted into its tetrasulfide (Ph2SP)2C=C=C(CH2)C(PSPh2)2 (9) by treatment with elemental sulfur. The crystal structures of 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280408
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    Mono- und Diferriophosphane und -thioxophosphoraneHerrn Professor Dr. Ekkehard Lindner zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 413-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ferriophosphanes ; Ferriophosphoranes ; Thioxophosphane ligand ; Decarbonylation reaction ; Sulfurization ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mono- and Diferriophosphanes and -thioxophosphoranesHerrn Professor Dr. Ekkehard Lindner zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.The substitution of organic substituents in phosphanes or thioxophosphoranes by the 17-electron fragments CpFe-(CO)2 (—Fp) leads to isolobal ferriophosphanes or -thioxophosphoranes. The mono- and diferriophosphanes FpnPPh3-n [n = 1 (3), 2 (4)] are obtained by deprotonation of the mono- and diferriophosphonium salts [FpnPPh3-nH]X [n = 1 (1), 2 (2)] with DBU. They are oxidized by sulfur giving the mono- and diferriothioxophosphoranes FpnPPh3-n(S) [n = 1 (5), 2 (6)]. Sulfide 5 arises also from the reaction of CpFe(CO)2Cl and Ph2PH(S)/DBU. The one-sided decarbonylation reaction of 6 leads to FpFp′PPh(S) (7, Fp′ = CpFeCO). The Fp substituents (17 electrons) in 3-7 coordinate as one-electron donors to the PhnP- or PhnP(S) units (n = 1, 2). The bridging functions in 4 and 6 are hitherto unknown. The molecular structures of the complexes 5-7 were determined by X-ray structure analyses.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280413
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  • 52
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    About some Electrophilic Substitution Reactions with [(CF3S)3C+][AsF-6] (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 435-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trifluoromethylthio group ; Carbenium ions ; Diphenylmethane ; Dyes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tris(trifluoromethylthio)carbenium hexafluoroarsenate (1) reacts with N,N-dimethylaniline and anisole to form the corresponding diphenylmethanes 2, 3 with the SCF3 group at the methine carbon atom. During the reaction of 1 with benzene, compounds such as C6H5C(SCF3)3 and C6H5SCF3 are formed along with benzophenone, a product of hydrolysis of the diphenylmethane compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280417
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  • 53
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    Synthesis and Structure of the First Dimetalated Diphosphane Disulfide [(η5-C5Me5)(CO)2FeP(H)(S)]2 (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 441-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diphosphane disulfides ; Metallophosphoranes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first transition metal derivative meso-[(η5-C5Me5)(CO)2FeP(H)(S)]2 (2) of the unknown diphosphane disulfide [PH2(S)]2 results from treatment of (η5-C5Me5)(CO)2FePH2 (1) with 1.5 equivalents of elemental sulfur. Compound 2 was characterized by means of spectroscopy (IR, 31P, 31P{1H}, 13C{1H}, 1H NMR) as well as X-ray diffraction analysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280419
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  • 54
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    Preparation and Molecular Structures of Tetrahydrofuran, Diethylene Diglycol Dimethyl Ether and 18-Crown-6 Complexes of Strontium and Barium TetrahydridoborateDedicated to Prof. Dr. Nils Wiberg on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 455-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Strontium bis(tetrahydridoborate)-2 tetrahydrofuran, chain polymer of ; Strontium bis(tetrahydridoborate)-bis(diglyme) ; Barium bis(tetrahydridoborate)-bis(diglyme) ; Strontium bis(tetrahydridoborate)-1,4,7,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane ; Metal-hydrogen-boron bridges ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The strontium and barium tetrahydridoborate complexes M(BH4)2 · 2 diglyme and M(BH4)2 · 18-crown-6 (M = Sr, Ba) have been prepared from the solvates M(BH4)2 · 2 THF by ligand displacement. 11B-NMR and IR data reveal strongly polar bonding of the BH4 groups to the metal centers, and X-ray structural analyses of the diglyme and crown ether compounds show molecular units in which the BH4 group is in contact via three H atoms with the metal center. In contrast, M(BH4)2 · 2 THF compounds are chain polymers in the solid state, and each metal center is surrounded by 2 THF molecules in trans position and four BH4- groups each of which forms bridges with two metal centers. Estimations of the effective radius for the BH4 group indicate a high polarity for the M-BH4 interaction.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280504
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    Photochemische Reaktionen von Übergangsmetall-Organyl-Komplexen mit Olefinen, 1312. Mitteilung: Lit.Photochemisch induzierte [5+2],homo[5+21-Cycloaddition von 3-Hexin an Tricarbonyl(η5-2,4-cycloheptadien-l-yl)mangan (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 515-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Manganese ; Cycloheptadienyl ; Alkyne ; [5+2],homo[5+2] Cycloadditions ; Tricyclo[5.3.1.04,10]undeca-2,5-dien-11-yl ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemical Reactions of Transition Metal Organyl Complexes with Olefins, 1312. Mitteilung: Lit. . - Photochemically Induced [5+2], homo[5+2] Cycloaddition of 3-Hexyne to Tricarbonyl(η 5-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-yl)manganeseTricarbonyl(η5-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-yl)manganese (1) reacts upon UV irradiation in hexane at 243 K with two equivalents of 3-hexyne (2) in successive [5+2],homo[5+2] cycloadditions to give tricarbonyl(η2:2:1-1,2,3,11-tetraethyltricyclo-[5.3.1.04,10]undeca-2,5-dien-11-yl)manganese (3). Its crystal and molecular structure was determined by an X-ray diffraction analysis, in solution it was studied also by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280513
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    Masthead (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280601
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    1,4,2-Diazaphospholothiazoles and -pyridines by a Hantzsch-Type Condensation Using Chloromethyldichlorophosphane (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 581-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Anellated azaphospholes ; Hantzsch-type [3 + 2] cyclocondensation ; Chloromethyldichlorophosphane ; Regioselectivity ; 31P-, 1H-, 13C-NMR spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The [3 + 2] cyclocondensation of 2-amino-1,3-thiazoline, 2-aminopyridines, 2- and 4-aminopyrimidines, 2-aminopyrazine, and 2-aminoquinoline with chloromethyldichlorophosphane in the presence of triethylamine yields regiospecifically 5,6-dihydrothiazolo[2,3-e][1,4,2]diazaphosphole (3), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyridines (12), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyrimidines (15), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-e]pyrimidine (17), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyrazine (19), and [1,4,2]diazaphospholo[4,5-α]quinoline (22), respectively. Using 2-amino-1,3-thiazole (4) and 2-aminobenzothiazoles 8, we obtained mixtures of the 1,5- and 4,5-anellated 1,4,2-diazaphospholes 5/6, 9a/10a and 9b/10b, while in the case of the methyl derivative 8c only the [1,4,2]diazaphospholo[5,4-b][1,3]benzothiazole 10c was formed. In the reaction of 2-aminothiazole and 2-aminopyrazine with Chloromethyldichlorophosphane the bis(diazaphospholo)-substituted chloromethylphosphanes 7 and 20 could be detected. The new anellated 1,4,2-diazaphospholes are colorless to pale yellow crystalline moisture-sensitive solids.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280610
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    Reactions at Silicon-Silicon Bonds, V. Selective Trichlorosilylation of Alkyl(diorganylamino)chlorophosphanes with Hexachlorodisilane or with Trichlorosilane/Triethylamine. - Two Routes to New Functional Trichlorosilylphosphanes (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 615-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Reductive silylation ; Aminochlorophosphanes ; Silylphosphanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of alkyl(diorganylamino)chlorophosphanes R(R2′N)PCl 1 (1a: R = tBu, R′ = Et, 1b: R = iPr, R′ = iPr; 1c: R = iPr, R′ = Ph) with hexachlorodisilane, afforded alkyl(diorganylamino)trichlorosilylphosphanes R(R2′N)PSiCl3 2 (2a: R = tBu, R′ = Et; 2b: R = iPr, R′ = iPr; 2c: R = iPr, R′ = Ph) and silicon tetrachloride. An intermediate formed in the reaction of 1b with hexachlorodisilane, the adduct iPr(iPr2N)(Cl)P-Si(Cl)3-SiCl3 (3b = 1b · Si2Cl6), was detected by 31P- and 29Si-NMR spectra that indicate pentacoordinated silicon bound to tetracoordinated phosphorus and tetracoordinated silicon. Trichlorosilylphosphanes 2 are also available from 1 under very mild conditions by reductive trichlorosilylation with trichlorosilane in the presence of triethylamine. Compounds 2 were identified analytically, by mass spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR, and an X-ray structure determination of 2c.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280614
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    Reactions of Complex Ligands, LXIVPart LXIII: Ref.. Synthesis of 5,5′-Diphenyl-2,2′-bifuran, a Biaryl Compound with Remarkable Fluorescence Properties (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 641-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbene ligands ; Tungsten complexes ; 2,2′-Bifuran ; Copper coupling reaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 2-oxacyclic α,β-unsaturated carbene complex 1 reacts with an excess of dimethylamine to give the diphenylbifuran 2. The structure of 2 was established by independent synthesis from 2-phenylfuran (4) via regioselective lithiation and transmetalation to zinc and tin organometallics 6a-c and final oxidative copper coupling reactions.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280618
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    Synthesis of 2- and 3-Stannolenes via Addition of Trimethyltin Alkoxides to 3-Diethylboryl-4-ethyl-1,1-dimethylstannole (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 679-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Stannole, diethylboryl-substituted ; Trimethyltin alkoxides ; 2-, 3-Stannolenes, organometallic-substituted ; NMR, coupling constants, 2J(Sn,Sn), sign determination ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Trimethyltin alkoxides (2) react stereoselectively with 3-diethylboryl-4-ethyl-1,1-dimethylstannole (1) via addition of the Me3Sn group to C(2) to the C(2) = C(3) bond and a 1,2 shift of an ethyl group from boron to C(3) to give the 2-stannolenes 3. The molecular structure of 3f' [R = (S)-2-Bu] was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis, confirming the cis positions of the Et(RO)B and the Me3Sn group. These 2-stannolenes 3 undergo, upon heating to ca. 80°C, facile rearrangement by irreversible allylic migration of the Et(RO)B group to the 3-stannolenes 4 in which the cis positions of the boryl and the stannyl group are retained. All 2-stannolenes (in contrast to the 3-stannolenes) are readily deprotoborylated to give the 3-stannolene 5. The structures of 3, 4, and 5 follow conclusively from 1H-, 11B-, 13C-, and 119Sn-NMR spectra. The negative sign of the geminal coupling constants 2J(SnSn) was determined in the case of 3, 4, and 5 by 2D 119Sn/1H heteronuclear shift correlations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280705
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    Synthesis of Structures of (Acyloxy)boranesDedicated to Prof. Dr. A. Schmidpeter on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Synthesis of Structures of (Acyloxy)boranes (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 751-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trifluoroacyloxy-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ; Pivaloyloxy-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane dimer ; Bis(9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl]oxalate ; Tetrakis(9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl)-dihydroxyoxalate ; Bis(9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl)-2,2-dimethylmalonate tetramer ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBNH) reacts with monocarboxylic acids to afford 9-(acyloxy)-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes which are dimers in the solid state as shown by X-ray crystal structures of the benzoate and pivalate. More complex reactions were observed by allowing 9-BBNH to react with dicarboxylic acids in THF or monoglyme. Thus, (9-BBN)2 oxalate 3 contains a fully delocalized oxalate unit with equal C-O and B-O bond lengths. Traces of water convert it into the tetrakis(9-BBN) oxalate 5. A rather unusual structure is veryfied by 9-BBN 2,2-dimethylmalonate 7 which according to its molecular structure is a tetramer featuring a 32-membered ring system. In contrast, reactions of oxalic acid with thexylborane leads to reduction of the acid and formation of a bicyclic dioxaborolo-dioxaborolane 10. Several intermediates were detected by 11B-NMR spectroscopy as well as in reactions of BH3 · THF or BH3 · SMe2 with oxalic acid.  -  It follows from the present study that (acyloxy)boranes derived from dicarboxylic acids are strong Lewis acids with an unexpected variety of structural features.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280803
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    A T-Shaped Selenenyl Halide: Synthesis and Characterisation of a Proposed Reaction Intermediate (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 741-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Selenenyl halides ; Nucleophilic substitution ; Complex intermediate ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The T-shaped selenenyl halide (1), which may be regarded as a model substance for the transition state in nucleophilic displacement at divalent chalcogen atoms, has been isolated and subjected to X-ray structure determination.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280715
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    Zinc Complexes of Drugs Containing Nitrogen Heterocycles (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 779-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc complexes ; Drug ligands ; Captopril ; Isoniazid ; Nalidixic acid ; Mercaptopurine ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four drugs whose actions have a relation to the status of zinccontaining species in the human body were used as ligands in zinc complexes. Captopril (H2Cap) forms the compound [ZnCap] (1) presumed to be a coordination polymer with O and S coordination. Isoniazid, in the presence of zinc salts, is converted to 1,2-diisonicotinoyl hydrazide (H2Nih) which forms polymeric [Zn(Nih)NH3] (2) with trigonal-bipyramidal ZnO2N3 coordination. Nalidixic acid (HNal) and zinc perchlorate yield [Zn(HNal)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 · 2 H2O (3) containing zinc in an octahedral ZnO6 environment. Mercaptopurine (H2Mer), in the presence of ammonia, forms [Zn(Mer)(NH3)2] . H2O (4) which is a coordination polymer containing tetrahedral ZnN4 units. The structures of [Zn(Nih)NH3], [Zn(HNal)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 . 2 H2O, and [Zn(Mer)(NH3)2] . 2 H2O were determined diffractometrically.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Enantioselective Deprotonation of Benzyl Phosphates by Homochiral Lithium Amide Bases  -  Configurational Stability of Benzyl Carbanions with a Dialkoxyphosphoryloxy Substituent and Their Rearrangement to Optically Active α-Hydroxy Phosphonates (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 823-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphate-phosphonate rearrangement ; Carbanions, benzylic, configurational stability of ; Phosphonaes Lithium amides, homochiral ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Benzyl dialkyl phosphates are deprotonated enantioselectively by homochiral lithium amides of isopropyl(1-phenylethyl)amine or bis(1-phenylethyl)amine. The short-lived benzylic carbanions formed are virtually configurationally stable relative to the rearrangement to optically active phenyl-hydroxymethylphosphonates. The enantiomeric excesses are up to 50%. The pro-(S) hydrogen is removed by amides having (S) configuration. Homochiral diethyl (S)-phenyl[D1]-methyl phosphate [(S)-16c] is deprotonated by both LDA and n-BuLi with a high primary kinetic isotope effect (kH/D ≍ 50) and isomerizes to the corresponding α-hydroxy phosphonate with an enantiomeric excess of up to 85%.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280814
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    Tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) Complexes  -  Broad Variation of the Redox Potential by 4,7-Substitution at the Phenanthroline Ligands[1] (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 845-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phenanthroline synthesis ; Tris(phenanthroline)iron(II) complexes ; Redox potential ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Electron transfer, outer-sphere ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new 4,7-donor-substituted phenanthrolines 2a-h were synthesized and the corresponding tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) complexes 3a-h studied by cyclic voltammetry. In more detail three novel aza-crown ether-linked (phenanthroline)iron complexes were investigated, the redox potentials of which could be fine-tuned by the addition of group-Ia,IIa metal cations. All iron(II) complexes showed reversible waves at scan rates between 50 and 500 mV · s-1 and could be reversibly oxidized and reduced by chemical means.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280816
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    Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane-Bridged Dinuclear Complexes, 10Part 9: B. Stempfle, H. Werner, Gazz. Chim. Ital., 1995, 125, in press. The Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane Link between Lewis Basic and Lewis Acidic Metal CentersDedicated to Prof. Dr. Herbert Schumann on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 877-881 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane ; Heterobimetallic complexes ; Imido complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mononuclear rhodium complexes [(C5H5CH2C5H4)-Rh(CO)2] (1) and [(C5H5CH2C5H4)Rh(PhC≡CPh)(PiPr3)] (2) readily react with nBuLi or TlOEt to yield the corresponding lithium salts 3 and 4 or thallium salts 5 and 6. The reaction of these salts with [(C5H5)Nb(NtBu)Cl2] (7) leads to the formation of the heterodinuclear compounds [{CH2(C5H4)2}-{Rh(CO)2}{(C5H5)Nb(NtBu)Cl}] (8) and [{CH2(C5H4)2}-{Rh(PhC≡CPh)(PiPr3)}{(C5H5)Nb(NtBu)Cl}] (9), respectively. Treatment of 3-6 with [Mo(NtBu)2Cl2] (10) gives the heterodinuclear Rh/Mo complexes [{CH2(C5H4)2}{Rh(CO)2}-{Mo(NtBu)2Cl}] (11) and [{CH2(C5H4)2}{Rh(PhC≡CPh)-(PiPr3)}{Mo(NtBu)2Cl}] (12). The analogous reaction of [Mo(NMes)2Cl2(DME)] (13) with 3-6 yields the corresponding complexes [{CH2(C5H4)2}{Rh(CO)2}{Mo(NMes)2Cl}] (14) and [{CH2(C5H4)2}{Rh(PhC≡CPh)(PiPr3)}{Mo(NMes)2Cl}] (15). From the monometallated ligand [(C5H5CH2C5H4)M] (M = Li: 16; M = Tl: 17) and the imidometal compounds 7, 10 and 13, the mononuclear complexes [(C5H5CH2C5H4)(C5H5)Nb-(NtBu)Cl] (18) and [(C5H5CH2C5H4)Mo(NR)2Cl] (R = tBu: 19; R = Mes: 20) have been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280905
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    Addition von Hydrofullerid [C60H]- an koordinierte, ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe: Bindung von Fulleren an Metallkomplexe über KohlenwasserstoffbrückenHerrn Professor Herbert Walter Roesky zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1059-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Fullerene ; Hydrofulleride ; Manganese complex ; Rhenium complex ; Iron complexes ; Ruthenium complex ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Addition of Hydrofulleride [C60H]- to Coordinated, Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Binding of Fullerene to Metal Complexes through Hydrocarbon BridgesHerrn Professor Herbert Walter Roesky zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.Hydrofulleride [C60H]- is added to the hydrocarbon ligands of the cationic complexes [(OC)5Re(η2-C2H4)]+, [(OC)3Mn-(η6-C6H6)]+, [(OC)3M(η5-C6H7)]+ (M = Fe, Ru), [(OC)3Fe(η5-C7H9)]+, and [(η5-C5H5)Fe(η6-C5H4CH2)]+.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281017
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    Controlled Conversion of the Transient 2-Mesityl-1,1-bis(trimethylsilyl)silene into a Tetrahydro-2,3-disilanaphthalene, a 1,2-Disilacyclobutane, or a 1,3-Disilacyclobutane (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1083-1088 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silenes ; Silene dimerization ; 1,2-Disilacyclobutanes ; 1,3-Disilacyclobutanes ; 2,3-Disilanaphthalene, tetrahydro- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mesityl[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]methanol (1) reacts with strong bases with elimination of trimethylsilanolate according to a Peterson-type mechanism, the outcome of the reaction being dependent on solvent, temperature, and nature of the organometallic base applied. Thus, 1 was converted by treatment with MeLi in ether at -78°C to (E)-1,2,3,8a-tetra -hydro-1-mesityl-5,7,8a-trimethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrakis (trimethylsi-lyl)-2,3-disilanaphthalene (3), formally a [2 + 4] cyclodimer of the transient silene (Me3Si)2Si=CHMes (2). The reaction of 1 with PhMgBr in THF after some days resulted in the formation of (Z)-3,4-dimesityl-1,1,2,2-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl) -1,2-disilacyclobutane (6) as the main product besides small quantities of 3, the polysilane (Me3SiSi(SiMe3)2CH2Mes (10), and the alkoxysilane (Me3Si)3SiCH(Mes)OSi(Si-Me3)2CH2Mes (7). Compound 6, the formal [2 + 2] cycloadduct of 2, can also be obtained by thermal treatment of 3 and is considered to be the thermodynamically more stable silene dimer whereas 3 is the kinetically preferred product. At high LiBr concentrations in the reaction mixture 1 was converted by PhMgBr in THF to (E)-2,4-dimesityl-1,1,3,3-tetrakis(tri- methylsilyl)-1,3-disilacyclobutane (13) besides 6 and [bis(tri-methylsilyl)silyl]mesityl(trimethylsiloxy)methane (11). The unforeseen formation of 13 is discussed as proceeding via the silene-lithium bromide adduct (Me3Si)2Si(Br)CH(Li)Mes (12). In the absence of LiBr 1 was converted by MeLi in THF at -78°C to 11 and the trisilane (Me3Si)2Si(Me)CH2Mes (4b). Probable pathways of the formation of all new compounds are discussed. For 6 and 13 the results of the X-ray structural analyses are given.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281105
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    Metallkomplexe mit biologisch wichtigen Lisganden, LXXXLXXIX. Mitteilung: Lit.. (η3:η3-C10H16)Ru(IV)-Komplexe mit α-Aminocarboxylaten, α-Aminosäureestern und Peptidestern als Liganden (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1117-1125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1,8-diyl ; Ruthenium complexes ; α-Amino carboxylates ; α-Amino acid esters ; Peptide esters ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal Complexes Containing Biologically Important Ligands, LXXXLXXIX. Mitteilung: Lit. .  -  (η3:η3-C10H16)Ru(IV) Complexes with α-Amino Carboxylates, α-Amino Acid Esters, and Peptide Esters as LigandsReactions of the chloro-bridged bis(allyl) complex [(η3:η3-C10H16)Ru(Cl)(μ-Cl)]2 with α-amino carboxylates and α-amino acid esters afford the complexes (η3:η3-C10H16)(Cl)RuNH2CHRCO2 (2) and (η3:η3-C10H16)(Cl)2-RuNH2CHRCO2R′ (3). Abstraction of chloride from 3 by Ag+ gives the N,O-chelates [(η3:η3-C10H16)(Cl)RuNH2CHRCO2R′]+BF4 (4). Cysteine methyl ester forms the N,S-chelate complex (η3:η3-C10H16)(Cl)RuNH2CH(CO2CH3)CH2S (5), and with histidine methyl ester a dinuclear complex 6 with N,N-histidine bridge is obtained. Compound 3d with L-PheOEt as ligand was characterized by X-ray diffraction.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281110
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    [MeO(CH2CH2O)3(CH2)3C5Me4]FeCl: A Halfsandwich Iron (II) Chloride Complex of Remarkable Stability (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1135-1136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hemilabile ligands ; Cyclopentadienyl ligands, functionalised ; Iron compounds ; Halfsandwich complex ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of iron(II) chloride with one equivalent of [MeO-(CH2CH2O)3(CH2)3C5Me4]Li in THF yields the title halfsand-wich complex 1, which is stable in solution up to room temperature. Compound 1 reacts with C5H5Li and CO to give [MeO(CH2CH2O)3(CH2)3C5Me4]Fe(C5H5) (2) and [MeO-(CH2CH2O)3(CH2)3C5Me4]Fe(CO)2CI (3), respectively, in high yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281113
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    [Cp4Fe4(E2)2] Clusters with Triangulated Dodecahedral Fe4E4 Skeletons (E = P, As)Dedicated to Professor Herbert Schumann on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1145-1148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: P2, As2, P2S2, and P2Se2 ligands ; Iron complexes ; Triangulated dodecahedra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermolysis of [CpFe(CO)2]2 (1) and P4 or As4 affords the iron clusters [Cp4Fe4(E2)2], E = As (2a), P (2b), the Fe4E4 skeleton of which consists of a triangulated dodecahedron. S8 and gray Se oxidize the P2 ligands of 2b with formation of [Cp4Fe4(P2X2)2], X = S (3a), Se (3b), complexes with the hitherto unknown P2X2 ligands, 2a, b and 3a, b have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281202
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    Functionalized Diorganozinc Compounds: Key Reagents for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 2,5-Disubstituted cis- and trans-Tetrahydrofurans (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1021-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Synthesis, stereoselective ; Catalysis ; Tetrahydrofurans ; Dialkylzinc reagents ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,4-Diol derivatives 4a-i were synthesized stereoselectively by either reagent- or catalyst-controlled routes using the addition of functionalized diorganozinc reagents to aldehydes. The stereoselectivities along the reagent-controlled synthetic path were in the range between 80:20 and 95:5. The stereoselectivities along the catalyst route exceeded 95:5. The 1,4-diol derivatives 4 thus obtained were transformed into enantiomerically pure cis- and trans-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans (16-20) by means of an intramolecular Williamson reaction.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281010
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    Contributions to the Chemistry of Boron, 231Part 230: Ref.. Synthesis and Structures of Borylated HydrazinesDedicated to Professor H. P. Fritz on the occasion of his 65th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1187-1194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hydrazines ; N,N'-bis(diphenylboryl)-N,N'-dimethyl- ; N,N'-bis(diphenylboryl)-N',N'-dimethyl- ; N,N'-bis(dimethylphenylsilyl)- ; N,N'-bis(chloromesitylboryl)-N'-phenyl-N'-(trimethylsilyl)- ; 1,2,4,5,3,6-Tetrazadiborinane, 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3,6-difluoro- ; Triazadiborolidine, dihydro-, derivative ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The diboration of the diazene PhN = NSiMe3 (15) by diborane(4) derivatives provides a new synthetic route to N,N'-diborylated hydrazines. The product formed depends on the type of the diborane(4) compound. Thus, addition of dimesityldiboron dichloride to 15 in a 1:1 ratio afforded (mesCIB)PhN-N(SiMe3)(BClmes) (16) while bis(dimethyl-amino)diboron dichloride was found to react in a 1:2 ratio to give a triazadiborolidine derivative 17. In addition, it was demonstrated that in the solid state Me2N-N(BPh2)2 (8) is a derivative of a three-membered dihydroazadiboriridine C while its isomer, (Ph2B)MeN-NMe(BPh2) (7), forms no BN coordinative bond. The new 3,6-difluoro-1,2,4,5-tetraza-3,6-diborine 13 shows a twist conformation. The molecular structures of all these compounds were determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis, and the influence of the B substituent on the conformation is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281209
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    Metal Complexes of Functional Isocyanides, XXV. Amino(hydrazino)carbene Complexes (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1061-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: N-Isocyanides ; N-Isocyanodialkylamine complexes ; Carbene complexes ; Imaging-Plate data collection ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The N-isocyanodialkylamine metal complexes [M(CO)5CN-NR2] (M = Cr, W), trans-[MI2(CNNR2)2] (M = Pd, Pt), trans-[Pt(Cl)(CNNR2)(PPh3)2]BF4, and cis-[PtCl2(CNNR2)(PPh3)] [R = Et, iPr; 2 R = -{CHMe(CH2)3CHMe}-] react with primary amines to give the amino(hydrazino)carbene metal complexes [M(CO)5(C(NHR′)NHNR2}] (R′ = Me, nPr, Cy) (1-9), trans-[PtI2{C(NHMe)NHNR2}2] (10-12) and trans, and the amine adducts cis-[PtCl2{C(NHMe)NHNC(H)(Me) (CH2)3CHMe}(PPh3)] H2NMe (14), and trans-[PdI2{C (NHMe)NHNC(H)(Me)(CH2)3CHMe}2] 2 H2NMe (15). With secondary amines the amino(hydrazino)carbene metal complexes trans (18) and trans-[PtCl{C(NEt2)NHNEt2} (PPh3)2]BF4 (19) Were isolated. The complexes trans-[PtI2{C(NHCy)NHNiPr2}CNNiPr 2] (20) and trans-[PdI2 (NH2Cy){C(NHCy)NHNiPr2}] (21) were obtained by reaction of trans-[MI2(CNNiPr2)2] (M = Pd, Pt) with cyclohexylamine. The structures were assigned on the basis of IR, NMR- (1H, 13C, 31P), and mass spectroscopy as well as an X-ray structural analysis of 21.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281102
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    Metallocenophanes, VIIPart VI: Ref.. Preparation and Characterisation of the Disilver(I) Complexes of Conjugated Polyenes with [2.2.2]Paracyclophanyl End Groups (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1079-1082 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: [2.2.2]Paracyclophanes ; Polyenes ; Silver complexes ; X-Ray structural analysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of the disilver(I) complexes 3 and 4, polyene metal complexes that are terminally substituted with [2.2.2]paracyclophanyl units, is described. NMR spectro-scopic studies on the disilver perchlorate complex 3b showed that (a) the sites of complexation are the cyclophane groups and (b) the olefinic spacers do not overly perturb the overall complexation properties of the individual [2.2.2]paracyclo-phanyl groups. The crystal structures of the disilver hexafluo-roantimonate complexes 4a-b were determined. The use of the hexafluoroantimonate counterion and solvent mixtures containing toluene both proved crucial in obtaining single crystals; toluene is incorportated into the crystal lattices.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281104
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    Highly Substituted Tris(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands and Some Zinc Complexes Thereof (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1095-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc complexes ; Tridentate ligands ; Tris(pyrazolyl)methane ; Reactivity ; Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands in which two or three of the pyrazole carbon atoms bear organic substituents (L1-L7) were synthesized from chloroform and the corresponding pyrazole under phase transfer conditions. Their behavior towards zinc salts was found to span the range from no reaction at all to hydrolytic destruction. One hydrolysis product isolated and structurally characterized was the perchlorate complex [(HPz5)3Zn-OClO3]ClO4 (1), other ones were the 2:1 complexes (HPz3)2ZnBr2 (2) and (HPz6)2Zn(NO3)2 (3, HPzn = substituted pyrazole). Zinc perchlorate and tris(trimethylpy-razolyl)methane (L2) formed the octahedral binary complex [L22Zn](ClO4)2 (4) as evidenced by a structure determination. Zinc halides produced the 1:1 complexes L1 · ZnBr2 (5), L4 · ZnCl2 (6), and L4 · ZnBr2 (7), which according to the structure determinations of 6 and 7 contain tetrahedral ZnN2Hal2 units with only bidentate tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands. In contrast, the zinc nitrate complex L4 · Zn(NO3)2 (8) was found to have an octahedral structure with mono- and bidentate nitrate and tridentate L4. The bromide complex 7 was converted by silver perchlorate hydrate into the labile compound [L4 · ZnBr]ClO4 (9) and then into the unstable product [L4 · Zn-OH2](ClO4)2 (10), both presumed to contain zinc in a tetrahedral ZnN3Br or ZnN3O environment, respectively. The ease of hydrolytic self-destruction prevented the exploitation of the reactivity of 9 and 10 in analogy to that of the corresponding tris(pyrazolyl)borate zinc complexes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281107
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    Unusual Complexation Behavior of Metallomacrocycles Based on Isothiosemicarbazides with Respect to Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Ions: Novel 2:1 Associates (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1089-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Metallomacrocycles ; Nickel complexes ; Complexation reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions between alkali and alkaline earth metal ions and nickel(II) macrocycles based on S-alkylated isothiosemi-carbazides with different crown ether cavity size were studied in propylene carbonate by spectrophotometric and calorimetric titrations. Metallomacrocycles 1 and 2 exhibit normal behavior on 1:1 complexation with alkali- and alkaline earth metal ions and resemble in this respect 15C5 and 18C6, respectively. The most stable complexes are formed by these “ligands” when the diameter of the cation and the crown ether hole have approximately the same size. The most striking feature of the complexation processes studied is the formation of 1:2 metal-ligand associates even in the case of the smallest cations. These associates are very different from “normal” crown ether sandwich complexes. In reality, the particle formed is an associate between a 1:1 complex, in which the corresponding metal ion is well accommdated inside the ligand cavity, and a second metallomacrocyclic ligand. Their formation is disfavored by enthalpic contributions. A special kind of “switch” from these associates to normal sandwich complexes takes place in the case of 1, when the cation diameter compared to hole size increases. The macrocycle 2 forms this kind of associates with all akali and alkaline earth ions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281106
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    Synthesis and Reactivity of Silicon Transition Metal Complexes, 3433. Mitteilung: Lit.. Pentachlordisilanyl- und Disilanyl-Komplexe von Molybdän und Wolfram: Darstellung, Struktur und spektroskopische CharakterisierungHerrn Professor Hubert Schmidbaur zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1109-1115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silicon transition metal complexes ; Metallodisilanes ; Nucleophilic metallation ; Cl/H exchange at silicon ; Raman spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Reactivity of Silicon Transition Metal Complexes, 34[*].  -  Pentachlorodisilanyl and Disilanyl Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten: Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopic CharacterizationReaction of the lithium metallates Li[M(PMe3)(CO)2C5R5] [M = Mo, W; R = H (1a, b), Me (1c, d)] with Si2Cl6 (2) leads to the formation of the pentachloro(metallo)disilanes 5R5(OC)2(Me3P)M - SiCl2 - SiCl3 (3a - d), which are transformed into the metallo disilanes C5R5(OC)2(Me3P)M - SiH2 - SiH3 (4a - d) on treatment with LiAlH4. The disilanes 4a - d are reconverted into 3a - d in the presence of tetrachloromethane. Extensive spectroscopic investigations (NMR, Raman, and IR spectroscopy) were performed to establish the transition-metal effect especially with respect to the H5Si2 ligand. The molecular structure of C5Me5(OC)2(Me3P)W - SiCl2 - SiCl3 (3d) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281109
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    Octacarbonylbis {μ-(tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]indany l} dimanganese with Two Monoalkyl Indium Groups Bridging the Mn-Mn Bond (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1137-1139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tetraindane(4) ; Indium(I) ; Mn-Mn bond ; Indium alkyl bridge ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrahedra-tetrakis[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]tetraindane(4) (1) reacts with decacarbonyldimanganese(0) to yield the bright red crystalline title compound 2, in which two carbonyl ligands are replaced by two InR fragments. The crystal structure determination of 2 shows two Mn(CO)4 groups (Mn-Mn 313.7 pm) bridged by two monoalkylindium units and a planar Mn2In2 molecular center.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281114
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    Thioselonocarboxylic Ester, Selenetane, and Dihydrodiselenine Complexes Prepared from Pentacarbonyl(selenobenzaldehyde)tungsten with π-Donor-Substituted Alkynes (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1149-1156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Selenoaldehyde complex ; Thioselonocarboxylic ester complexes ; Selenetane complex ; Dihydrodiselenine complex ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pentacarbonyltungsten-coordinated selenobenzaldehyde, [(CO)5W{Se=C(Ph)H}] (1), reacts with tBu-C≡C-SMe (2) by insertion of the C≡C into the Se=C bond to form in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner the α,β-unsaturated thioselonocarboxylic ester complex (Z)(C=C)-[(CO)5W{≡1-Se=C(SMe)C(tBu)=C(Ph)H}] (3). The thioselonocarboxylic ester ligand is cleaved intact from the metal by treatment of 3 with [NEt4]Br. Three complexes are formed in the reaction of 1 with Me-C≡C-SMe (5): the thioselonocarboxylic ester complex [(CO)5W{≡1-Se=C(SMe)C(Me)=C(Ph)H}] (6) as a mixture of the (E) and (Z)(C=C) isomers, a selenetane complex (7) and a dihydrodiselenine complex (8). The product distribution depends on the ratio 1:5 and on the solvent. The reaction of 1 with the bis(organylthio)alkynes RS-C≡C-SR (9) [R = Me (a), iPr (b), 2,6-C6H3Me2 (c)] yields mixtures of the (E) and (Z)(C=C) isomers of the α,β-unsaturated α-organylthio thioselonocarboxylic ester complexes [(CO)5W{≡1-Se=C(SR)C(SR)=C(Ph)H)] (10a-c). In contrast, the reaction of 1 with tert-butoxyethyne, H-C≡C-OtBu (11), affords a bis(pentacarbonyltungsten) 5,6-dihydro-1,2-diselenine complex (12). Compound 12 is probably formed by consecutive reaction of 1 with 11 to give the selonocarboxylic ester complex [(CO)5W{≡1-Se=C(OtBu)C(H)=C(Ph)H}] which then further reacts as a heterodiene by highly regioselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition with the Se=C bond of a second molecule of 1 to give 12. In the reaction of 1 with 5 and 9a the isomer with a trans arrangement of C(=Se)SMe and Ph is the kinetically controlled reaction product [(E)-6 and (Z)-10a, respectively]. The formation of (E)-6 and (Z)-10a is followed by isomerization until an (E)/(Z) equilibrium is reached. Complexes 3 and 7 were characterized by X-ray structural analyses.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281203
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    Tin for Organic Synthesis, 13Part 12: Ref.. A New and Regioselective Method for the Synthesis of Aromatic, Heteroaromatic, and Olefinic Sulfonamides by Electrophilic Destannylation (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1195-1198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Electrophilic aromatic substitution ; Electrophilic vinylic substitution ; Trialkylstannanes, application of ; Sulfonamides, synthesis of ; Sulfodestannylation, application of ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mild and effective method for the preparation of aromatic and olefinic sulfonamides is described. The reaction of trialkylaryl- (4a-f), heteroaryl- (4g), and vinylic stannanes (4h) with sulfuryl chloride and secondary amines provides the corresponding sulfonamides in an ipso-specific manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281210
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  • 82
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    Ylidylphosphorsulfide, -selenide, -disulfide, -sulfidselenide und -diselenide (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1207-1219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ylide-substituted phosphorus ; Phosphorus sulfides ; Phosphorus selenides ; Thioxophosphanes ; Selenoxo-phosphanes ; Dithioxophosphoranes ; Diselenoxophosphoranes ; Alkylation reactions ; Selenadiphosphirane ; 2,5,7-Triselena-1,3,4,6-tetraphosphanorbornane ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ylidylphosphorus Sulfides, Selenides, Disulfides, Sulfide Selenides, and DiselenidesWe report on the first stable monomeric phosphorus mono-chalcogenides 2, 8 and the first stable dichalcogenides 4, 10 without bulky or intramolecularly coordinating substituents. They are stabilized by a high contribution of the zwitterionic resonance formula, which follows both from the NMR spectra and from an X-ray structure determination. Their preparation starts from triphenylphosphoniumylidyl-dichlorophosphanes 1. For the monochalcogenides they are treated with sodium sulfide or selenide or better with bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide or selenide. In case of the C-phenyl and C-meta-tolyl representatives and also of the C-trimethylsilyl compound a number of secondary, partly novel products are obtained. - The dichalcogenides result from the reaction with sodium disulfide and diselenide, respectively, or from the oxidation of the monochalcogenides. - Alkylation of the monochalcogenides results in ylidylalkylchalcogenophosphenium salts 13, 15. In solution they are in equilibrium with more or less of the covalent form 14, 16, depending on the anion and on the solvent. Alkylation is often accompanied by secondary reactions. A diselenide loses selenium on alkylation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281212
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    Synthesis and Reactivity of Silicon Transition Metal Complexes, 3332. Mitteilung: Lit.. Metallo Silanols and Metallo Siloxanes, 87. Mitteilung: Lit.. Metallo-silanole vom Typ C5R5(OC)2(Me3P)M - SiPh2OH (M = Cr, Mo, W): Darstellung nach der Dimethyldioxiran-Methode und Überführung in funktionalisierte Metallo-disiloxaneHerrn Professor Max Schmidt zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1251-1255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Oxofunctionalization ; Dimethyldioxirane ; Metallo silanes ; Metallo silanols ; Metallo siloxanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Reactivity of Silicon Transition Metal Complexes, 3332. Mitteilung: Lit. .  -  Metallo Silanols and Metallo Siloxanes, 8 7. Mitteilung: Lit. .  -  Metallo Silanols of the Type C5R5(OC)2(Me3P)M-SiPh2OH (M = Cr, Mo, W): Preparation According to the Dimethyldioxirane Route and Conversion into Metallo Disiloxanes Herrn Professor Max Schmidt zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.The metallo silanes C5R5(OC)2(Me3P)M-SiPh2H (4a-c), are converted into the corresponding metallo silanols C5R5(OC)2-(Me3P)M-SiPh2OH [R = H, M = Cr (6a); R = Me, M = Mo (6b); M = W (6c)] by oxofunctionalization with dimethyldioxirane (5). Treatment of 6b, c with the chlorosilanes Me2Si(R)Cl [R = H (3b), [R = Cl (3c)] in the presence of triethylamine gives access to the metallo disiloxanes C5Me5(OC)2(Me3P)M-SiPh2OSiMe2R (M = Mo, R = H (7a); M = W, R = Cl (7b)]. The structure of tungsten silanol 6c is determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281217
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    Synthesis and Characterization of β-Phosphaenones An Investigation on the Conjugative Properties of the P=C Bond (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 465-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphaalkenes, C-halo, C-metal ; Phosphaacrylic acid ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermally and air-stable β-phosphaenones were synthesized by functionalization of Mes*P=CCl2 (1; Mes* = supermesityl = 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl). At low temperature, 1 was lithiated by halogen-metal exchange with n-butyllithium to give the phosphanylidene carbenoid (Z)-Mes*P=C(Cl)Li [(Z)-2] which reacted with acid chlorides to furnish the C-carbonyl-substituted phosphaalkenes (Z)-Mes*P=C(Cl)R (3: P = COtBu; 4: R = COPh; 5: R = COOEt). The reaction of (Z)-2 with carbon dioxide furnished the carboxylate 6, which was converted by treatment with pivaloyl chloride or trimethylsilyl chloride into the phosphaalkenes 7 and 8 functionalized at the carbon atom by an anhydride or a trimethylsilyl ester function, respectively. Acidification of 6 or hydrolysis of 8 with water in chloroform solution afforded the novel carboxylic acid (Z)-Mes*P=C(Cl)COOH (9). Spectroscopic investigations (NMR, UV, IR) of 3-9 and the X-ray structures of 3 and 4 are presented. Based on these properties and on theoretical calculations, the occurrence of conjugation in the β-phosphaenone system is discussed and compared with the well-known conjugation in normal enones.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280506
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    Reactions of Phosphaalkenes with HexafluoroacetoneDedicated to Professor H. M. R. Hoffmann on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 499-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphaalkenes ; Cycloadditions ; Insertion reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dimethylamino-substituted phosphaalkene 1 reacts with hexafluoroacetone (HFA) with addition at the P=C bond to form the 1,5,2-dioxaphosphorinane 2. The structure of 2 was confirmed by an X-ray crystal structure analysis. The six-membered ring displays an envelope conformation with the phosphorus atom out of the plane, but the phosphorus is disordered over two sites. Reaction of P-trimethylsilyl-substituted phosphaalkenes with HFA proceeds with retention of the P=C double bond and insertion of HFA into the P—Si bond. Two isomeric products are obtained and are characterized by 1H-, 13C-, 19F-, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280511
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    Monomere (Acetylacetonato)kupfer(I)-Komplexe von Alkinen und 1,4-Diinen (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 525-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Copper complexes ; Acetylacetonate ; Alkynes ; 1,4-Diynes ; Titanocenes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monomeric (Acetylacetonato)copper(I) Complexes of Alkynes and 1,4-DiynesMonomeric (η2-Me3SiC≡CSiMe3)Cu(acac) (3) is formed by the reaction of dimeric [(η2-Me3SiC≡CSiMe3)CuBr]2 (1) with two equivalents of Na(acac) (2). In a similar manner Me2-Si(C≡CSiMe3)2 (4) reacts with CuCl (5) and 2 to afford Me2Si[(η2-C≡CSiMe3)Cu(acac)]2 (6). In compounds 3 and 6 an alkyne unit is η2-coordinated to a monomeric Cu(acac) moiety with a copper atom in a planar environment. With the organometallic 1,4-diyne (η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Ti(C≡CSiMe3)2 (7), compound [(η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Ti(C≡CSiMe3)2]Cu(acac) (8) is formed. In 8 both Me3SiC≡C ligands of the 3-titanapenta-1,4-diyne fragment are η2-coordinated to a monomeric Cu-(acac) building block. The copper atom in 8 possesses a pseudo-tetrahedral environment (shown by X-ray analysis), built by the two Me3SiC≡C ligands of the (η5-C5H4SiMe3)2-Ti(C≡CSiMe3)2 moiety and the two oxygen atoms of the acetylacetonato ligand. 8 is additionally formed by the reaction of 3 or 6 with 7, or by treatment of [(η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Ti(C≡C-SiMe3)2]CuCl (9) with Na(acac) (2). The application of 3, 6, and 8 as precursors for the preparation of copper films in the CVD process of copper(I) is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280515
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    Chiral Organometallic Reagents, XIIIPart XII: Ref.. Structural Aspects of Differentially Solvated Benzyllithium Contact Ion Pairs (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 551-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Benzyllithium compounds ; Ion pairs ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solvation and ion pair nature of α-(phenylthio)benzyllithium (2d) in THF solution were investigated by NMR-spectroscopic methods. The effect of additives such as diethylene-glycol dimethyl ether or of 12-crown-4 was studied. The results were compared to those of benzyllithium compounds 4 and 6, containing a pentaoxapentadecane ansa chain. These compounds exist as contact ion pairs in which lithium is held at the anionic carbon. This is reflected in the 6Li,13C coupling and 1H,6Li-HOESY contacts in the NMR spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280604
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    Sulfur Compounds, Part 186Part 185: K. Bergemann, M. Kustos, P. Krüger, R. Steudel, Angew. Chem., in print.. The Synthesis of Cyclic Organosulfur Compounds from (C5H5)4Ti2C2S4 by Ligand Transfer Reactions (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 561-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Titanocene complexes ; Organosulfur ligands ; Ligand transfer ; Organosulfur heterocycles ; Sulfur-sulfur bonds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The tetrathiaoxalate complex Cp4Ti2C2S4 (1) reacts with an equimolar amount of COCl2 to give the blue-green mononuclear complex Cp2TiC2S4CO (4). This reaction is analogous to the known reactions of 1 with SCl2 or S2Cl2. However, when 1 was treated with equimolar amounts of the bifunctional sulfenyl chlorides 1,2-C2H4(SCl)2 (5), 1,3-C3H6(SCl)2 (6) or 1,2-C6H4(SCl)2 (7), the bi- or monocyclic tetrakisdisulfanes C6H8S8 (9b), C8H12S8 (10), and C14H8S8 (11), respectively, were obtained. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of 11 · CS2 showed that 11 possesses Ci symmetry with a central exocyclic CC double bond similar to tetrathiafulvalenes: C6H4(μ-S2)2C=C(μ-S2)2C6H4.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280606
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  • 89
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    Norbornadiene(bipyridyl)molybdenum(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6R2N2)X2] (X = I, Br)Dedicated to Professor Dr. Helmut Werner on the occasion of his birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1007-1013 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tetracarbonyl(norbornadiene)molybdenum(0) ; Oxidative addition of I2 ; Dihalogeno(bipyridyl)molybdenum(II) complexes ; 7-Coordinated complexes ; Neutral and cationic molybdenum(II) complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of [Mo(CO)4(C7H8)] (1) with I2 gave the norbornadienemolybdenum(II) complex [Mo(CO)2(C7H8)I2]n≥1 (2), which existed in an equilibrium of two isomeric forms. In acetonitrile, 2 reversibly formed the adduct [Mo(CO)2-(C7H8)(NCCH3)I2] (3), whereas on treatment with 2,2′-bipyridine or 4,4′-di-2,2′-tBu-bipyridine, it gave stable 7-coordinated molybdenum(II) complexes, [Mo(CO)(C7H8)-(C10H8N2)I2] (4) and [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6tBu2N2)I2] (5), in good yield. In similar reactions, the related dibromomolybdenum compounds [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H8N2)Br2] (6) and [Mo-(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6tBu2N2)Br2] (7) were prepared by oxidation of 1 with two equivalents of CuBr2. The X-ray structural analysis of 6 reveals that the geometry around the molybdenum atom is nearly perfectly pentagonal bipyramidal, with the CO and one of the bipyridyl rings perpendicular to the plane formed by the other ligands. The compounds 5 and 6 react with AgSbF6 by halogen abstraction to give cationic complexes, {[Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H8N2)Br]SbF6}n≥1 (8) and {[Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6tBu2N2)I]SbF6}n≥1 (9): In acetone, 8 and 9 reversibly formed the adducts [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H8N2)(acetone)Br]SbF6 (8′) and [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6tBu2N2)(acetone)I]SbF6 (9′); while on treatment with PMe3, the stable monomeric complexes, [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H8N2)(PMe3)Br]SbF6 (10) and [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6tBu2N2)(PMe3)I]SbF6 (11), were isolated in almost quantitative yield. In the presence of KBr, compound 8′ reverted to the dibromo complex 6, whereas 9′ reacted to produce a 1:1:2 mixture of 5, 7 and the bromo(iodo) complex [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6tBu2N2)BrI] (12). The same mixture is available from the reaction of 5 with one equivalent of 7.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Graphical Abstract (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. A149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281018
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    Amino Substituted Tricarbonyl(cyclobutadiene)iron Complexes: Pd-Catalyzed Coupling of Iodocyclobutadiene Complexes with Amines (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1055-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Aminations ; Palladium catalysis ; Organometallic amines ; Coupling reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The coupling of the iodides 1 with amines under palladium catalysis affords the novel aminated cyclobutadiene derivatives 2 in preparative useful yields.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281016
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    Masthead (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281101
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    Chiral Carbanions, 1. Configurational Stability and Reactions of α-Acyloxy-Substituted α-Methylbenzyllithium Compounds (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1069-1077 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Esters, 1-phenylethyl ; Carbanions, α-methyl-α-oxybenzyl, Configurational stability ; Ester - hydroxy ketone rearrangement ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Racemic and optically active 1-phenylethyl esters of pivalic, ( - )-camphanic and 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoic acid were prepared. The esters 7a of pivalic acid were deprotonated with lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (Li-TMP) to form α-oxy-α-methylbenzyllithium compounds which are partly con-figurationally stable prior to acylation with starting material. Camphanic ester (-)-7b cannot be deprotonated by Li-TMP and tBuLi is added to the ester function to afford ketone (-)-12a. 1-Phenylethyl 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoates 16 were transformed within minutes to carbanions 19 by using sBuLi/TMEDA in THF, hexane, toluene and sBuLi without TMEDA in toluene/20% diethyl ether at -78°C. The carbanions are configurationally stable only in toluene/20% diethyl ether and racemise partly in the other solvents. They react with a variety of electrophiles with either retention [MeOD, AcOD, (MeO)2CO, CICO2Me] or inversion (Me3SnCl) of configuration. Carbanions 19 rearrange on warming to -20°C to hydroxy ketone 24 with racemisation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281103
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    Metal Complexes with Tetrapyrrole Ligands, LXIX. Facile Synthesis and 13C-NMR Spectrum of Dichloro(octaethylporphyrinato)zirconium(IV) (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1131-1133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zirconium(IV) octaethylporphyrin complex ; Dichlorozirconium(IV) porphyrin complex ; Precursor of organometallic compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of dichloro(2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylpor-phyrinato)zirconium(IV), Zr(oep)Cl2, from zirconium tetrachloride and octaethylporphyrin, H2(oep), is described. The reported synthesis is a new and simple route to this precursor of organometallic compounds. Zr(oep)Cl2 was characterized by elemental analyses, 1H- and 13C-NMR, UV/Vis, and mass spectra. Hydrolysis yielded a mixture of mono- and binuclear hydroxy zirconium(IV) porphyrins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951281112
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    Derivatives of Aza-nido-tetraborane and Diaza-arachno-pentaborane from Tri-tert-butylazadiboriridine (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1-9 
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    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1-Aza-nido-tetraboranes ; 2,5-Diaza-arachno-pentaboranes ; 2,5-Diaza-nido-hexaboranes ; Boryl[diborane(4)yl]amine ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Lewis acids RBH2 are added to the basis B-B bond of tri-tert-butylazadiboriridine, NB2tBu3 (1a), to give 5-alkyl-1,2,3-tri-tert-butyl-1-aza-nido-tetraboranes of type 3 (two endo-H atoms at B5) or type 4 (one H atom in a B2-B5 bridging position, one exo-H atom at B5), either as a mixture of 3 and 4 (3, 4b-d: R = Me, tBu, CMe2iPr) or with the isomer 4 in high excess (4e, f: R = Ph, sBu). The reaction of dialkylboranes R2BH with 1a yields 5,5-dialkyl-1,2,3-tri-tert-butyl-1-aza-nido-tetraboranes of type 4 (one H atom in a B2-B5 bridging position; 4g, h: R2 = Et2, cycloocta-1,5-diyl). In boiling THF, trialkylboranes BR3 transform 1a into NB2tBu2R which, expectedly, dimerizes spontaneously to give a dialkyltetra-tert-butyl-2,5-diaza-nido-hexaborane of type 2 (2a, b: R = Me, Et). The products of the addition of aminoboranes H2B=NRR' to 1a are identified as alkyl derivatives of 2,5-diaza-arachno-pentaborane, N2B3tH2tBu3RR' (5a-d, R/R' = H/Pr, H/tBu, Me/Me, Et/Et). The aminoborane H2B = NiPr2 with a sterically more demanding amino group hydroborates the B-B bond of 1a to give the acyclic product iPr2N=BH-B(tBu)-N(tBu)=B(tBu)H (6). In contrast to the B atoms, the N atoms in the electron-deficient cluster skeletons of 2-5 need not take part in (3c,2e) bonds of the s̰ type. The molecular structures of 4c, 5d, and 6 are confirmed by X-ray structural analyses.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280102
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  • 96
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    New Pathways in Tellurium-Chalkogen-Nitrogen Chemistry: Preparations, Structures, and Properties of Telluraheterocycles (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 11-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Thiaselenatelluradiazoles ; Thiaselenatelluratetrazocinium ; Tellurium(IV) compounds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of Se(NSO)2 with TeF4 in CH2Cl2 yields the compounds (4a) and (5b), while with TeBr4 after six months (2d) is formed. An almost quantitative yield of Cl4Te2N4S2 (6) is obtained from either Cl6Te2N2S (1a) and (CH3)3SiNSNSi(CH3)3 in CH2Cl2 at 20°C (2 d) or TeCl4 and (CH3)3SiNSO (molar ratio 1:2) in CH2Cl2 at 60°C (3 d). The use of (CH3)3SiOSi(CH3)3 as solvent in the last mentioned procedure gives 1a and small amounts of Cl2Te(NSO)2. Similarly, F2Te(NSO)2 is prepared from TeF4 and (CH3)3SiNSO in CH2Cl2. Dechlorination of 1a with (C6H5)3Sb leads to (2a), which is also produced from TeCl4 and [(CH3)3Si]2NSN[Si(CH3)3]2. When TeF4 is used instead of TeCl4 (molar ratio 3:1) the salt (7a) is formed. Similarly, (7b) is prepared from 2a and AsF5 or Ag+[AsF-6] in SO2. A new method for the preparation of bicyclic type 1 telluraheterocycles involves bromination of 2a yielding Cl2Br4Te2N2S (1b). Dehalogenation with (C6H5)3Sb converts 1b into (2b). When 2b is treated with Br2 in CH2Cl2 an oxidative halogenation takes place with formation of Br6Te2N2S (1c). Metathetical exchange between 2b and Ag+[AsF-6] gives (7c). Isostructural S(NSO)2 reacts with TeCl4 for several weeks at 60°C in CH2Cl2 to form S4N4. TeCl4 and [S5N+5][Te3Cl-3], in contrast to the corresponding reaction with Se(NSO)2. The molecular structures of 4a, 7b, 8, and [S5N+5][Te3Cl-13] have been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. Spectroscopic data for all new compounds are presented.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280103
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  • 97
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    Tellurium Polycations by Oxidation of Tellurium with Tungsten Halides Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Te6(WOCl4)2 and Te6I2(WCl6)2 (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: cyclo-Hexatellurium(2+) ; 1,4-Diiodo-cyclo-hexatellurium(2+) ; Hexachlorotungstate(V) ; Tetrachlorooxotungstate(V) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: WOCl4 reacts at 200°C with tellurium in a sealed, evacuated ampoule with the formation of Te6(WOCl4)2. The structure consists of six-membered tellurium rings in a boat conformation with significant transannular interactions and of pyramidal WOCl4 units which are linked by linear asymmetric O...;W=O bridges to polymeric (WOCl4)n, chains. The observed paramagnetism is consistent with the ionic formulation Te2+6[(WOCl-4)2]n. In the reaction of WCl6, I2 and Te in a 2:1:6 ratio Te6I2(WCl6)2 is formed at 150°C. The crystal structure consists of Te6I2+2cations and of slightly distorted octahedral WCl-6 anions. The Te6I2+2 ions are isostructural with Se6I2+2 and consist of a six-membered ring of Te atoms in the chair conformation with two I atoms bound in the 1,4-positions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280104
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  • 98
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    Two Alternatives of Heteroallene Insertion in Metal  -  Ligand Bonds of Five-Coordinate Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Complexes [MXY(CO)(PiPr3)2]Herrn Professor Nils Wiberg zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ruthenium complexes ; Osmium complexes ; Insertion reactions ; Carbon disulfide ; Carbon dioxide ; Methyl isothiocyanate ; Zwitterionic ligands ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The five-coordinate chloro(hydrido)- and hydrido(iodo)ruthenium(II) and -osmium(II) compounds [MHX(CO)(PiPr3)2] (1, 2, 6, 7) react with CS2 to give the octahedral dithioformato complexes [MCl(CO)(PiPr3)2(η2-S2CH)] (3, 4, 8, 9) in excellent yields. In the initial step, an addition of the heteroallene to the metal center occurs which is followed by insertion of CS2 into the M - H bond. On treatment of the dichlororuthenium(II) derivative [RuCl2(CO)(PiPr3)2] (10), which is prepared from RuCl3 · aq and PiPr3 in methanol, with carbon disulfide insertion into one of the Ru - PiPr3 bonds takes place to give the six-coordinate ruthenium(II) complex 12 with zwitterion -S2CPiPr3+ as a chelating ligand. While the reaction of [OsH(SPh)(CO)(PiPr3)2] (13) with MeSCN leads to addition of the thionitrile to the metal center, the starting material reacts with MeNCS by insertion of the heteroallene into the Os - SPh bond to give two stereoisomers 15a, b, in which the nitrogen atom of the chelate ring is either cis or trans to the hydrido ligand. The octahedral methoxydithiocarbonato- and formatoosmium(II) compounds 16 and 17 are prepared from 2 and CS2 or CO2 in the presence of NaOMe. The crystal and molecular structures of 4 (M = Os), 12 and 15a have been determined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280107
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  • 99
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    Synthese und Struktur von Cobalt(III)-Komplexen mit doppelt deprotoniertem Anhydroerythrit, Methyα-D-mannopyranosid und Methyl-β-D-galactopyranosid (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cobalt(III) complexes ; Dianionic polyolato ligands ; Anhydroerythritol ; α-DMannopyranoside, methyl ; α-DGalactopyranoside, methyl ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyol Metal Complexes, XII[1].  -  Synthesis and Structure of Cobalt(III) Complexes with Doubly Deprotonated Anhydroerythritol, Methyl α-DMannopyranoside, and Methyl α-DGalactopyranosideThe polyols anhydroerythritol (AnEryt), methyl α-D-mannopyranoside (Me-α-D-Manp), and methyl α-D-galactopyrano-side (Me-α-DGalp) are deprotonated twice to form the cobalt(III) complexes [(en)2Co(AnErytH-2)]I (1), δ-[(en)2- Co(Me-α-DManp3,4H-2)]ClO4 · NaClO4 · 2H2O (2), and δ-[(en)2Co(Me-α-DGalp2,3H-2)]ClO4·H2O (3), resp., in aqueous, alkaline solutions of trans-[(en)2CoCl2]Cl. The crystal structures of 1-3 have been determined by X-ray diffraction.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280111
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  • 100
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    Contribution to the Chemistry of Boron, 222.  -  Chemistry of Diborane(4) Derivatives: Mixed Tetraaminodiboranes(4) and Additions of Diborane(4) Derivatives to an Amino-imino-borane (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 93-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19951280115
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